title: A survey of fungi and some indicator bacteria in chlorinated water of indoor public swimming pools.
abstract: Fifty-four water samples, of volume 500 ml, originating from six public indoor fresh water swimming pools were examined for the presence of fungi and some indicator bacteria by a membrane-filter method. Sabouraud-dextrose agar and selective Candida albicans-medium were used for isolation and identification of fungi. In all but one of the samples the free chlorine content was above 0.40 mg/l. No Candida albicans were detected. Molds and unidentified yeasts were isolated from 29 of the samples. The following species were recorded: Acremonium spp., ALternaria sp., Aspergillus spp., Candida guilliermondii, Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium spp., Clasterosporium sp., Fusarium spp., Geotrichium sp., Penicillium spp., Petriellidium boydii and Phoma spp. Their occurrence was sporadic, each species mostly appearing as single colonies only, with a maximum of 5 colonies. Bacterial growth was noticed in 15 samples, but only in the sample of low free chlorine content did this reach significant proportions. The study indicates that the standard of chlorination is, at least in general, an adequate measure against fungal contamination of swimming pool water. However, the spectrum of mold species encountered encourages a further search for possible indicator species among these organisms.
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013551:Swimming Pools; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002713:Chlorine