title: Est-2 and Est-3 polymorphisms in Culex pipiens L. from Southern France in relation to organophosphate resistance.
abstract: Est-2 and Est-3 linkage disequilibrium was investigated in 43 natural populations. An association between Est-2(0.64) and Est-3A alleles (or its reverse, Est-3Null and alleles other than Est-2(0.64) was not observed in 19 (1.2%) of the 1599 mosquitoes analyzed, whereas it should have been found in nearly 400 (25%) individuals if the two loci were in equilibrium. This observation is discussed in relation to organophosphate resistance and genetic distance of the two genes.
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds