title: [Orthopaedic examination of 1 500 infants in maternity (author's transl)].
abstract: 1 500 infants have been examined by two orthopaedic surgeons within forty eight hours. The examination of the feet has showed that the usual position in utero was the dorsiflexion. A new classification of deformities of the feet is proposed. The examination of the knees has permitted to discover a rotatory instability between the femur and the tibia in 2% of the infants. Some of them were actual dislocations. During the examination of the hips, it has been researched an instability; the passive abduction, the tension of the adductors and an abduction contracture have been analysed. Some instable hips are easy to detect because there is a jerk (ressaut) but others are very difficult because there is no snapping sign but only a telescoping displacement (piston). The rate of unstable hips was 1.7%. As the combination of an unstable hip and an adductor hypertonicity is usual it is very important to detect a pelvic obliquity and a bilateral adductor-hypertonicity. The various forms of normal birth postures and the relation to orthopaedic deformities of the inferior limbs are studied.
mesh_terms: D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology*; D007866:Leg / Q000002:abnormalities; D009068:Movement; D010808:Physical Examination; D011187:Posture
vernacular_title: L'examen orthopédique de 1 500 nouveau-nés en maternité.