title: Studies of caffeine and theophylline in the neonate.
abstract: About 50% of 327 umbilical cord sera from infants born at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont contained 1.0 microgram/ml or more of caffeine; about 25% contained equivalent concentrations of theophylline. Cord concentrations of caffeine greater than 3.0 micrograms/ml were associated with a significantly increased incidence of birthweights greater than 4 kg and a decrease in the incidence of 1-minute Apgar scores of less than seven. Cord blood caffeine concentrations of 69 infants born in Marburg, West Germany had a mean of 1.6 micrograms/ml, with 64% greater than 1 microgram/ml. Caffeine accumulated in the serum of infants treated with aminophylline for apnea of prematurity, apparently from methylation of theophylline.
mesh_terms: D000628:Aminophylline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000032:analysis; D001724:Birth Weight; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013806:Theophylline / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000628:Aminophylline; D002110:Caffeine; D013806:Theophylline