title: The management of idiopathic chronic pain: a holistic approach.
abstract: The evaluation and treatment of the patient with idiopathic chronic pain traditionally has involved a sequence of studies first by the internist, then the neurologist, and finally the psychiatrist. This has resulted in an overutilization of costly health care services and may paradoxically have helped to promote symptom chronicity. In keeping with recent developments in the field of psychosomatic medicine, a coordinated biopsychosocial approach is advocated with the identification and amelioration of the multiple determinants of symptom formation in each of these interrelated sub-systems. A case if presented in which the application of this holistic approach appeared to help curtail the overuse of health care services and at the same time helped to diminish psychosocial reinforcers in the form of secondary gain.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006694:Holistic Health; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000628:therapy*