title: The influence of ICRF-159 and levamisole on the incidence of metastases following local irradiation of a solid tumor.
abstract: Courses of irradiation consisting of 6000 rad in ten equal fractions over 12 days delivered to KHT sarcomas in mice controlled 55% of the local tumors but 83% of the mice died from metastases. Three strategies to reduce the risk of metastatic spread were tested. The fractionation scheme was changed to deliver the same total dose using a large initial fraction followed by seven equal portions with the same overall time. ICRF-159 was used with the intention of partially synchronizing the tumor growth fraction in a radiosensitive state of the growth cycle and of promoting normalization of the tumor vasculature. Levamisole was used to stimulate the immune system. The combination of ICRF-159 with the eight-fraction radiation course proved to be effective for both increasing local control and decreasing the incidence of metastases. The addition of levamisole did not improve the results obtained with a combination of ICRF-159 and irradiation.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007978:Levamisole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011929:Razoxane / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; D007978:Levamisole; D011929:Razoxane