title: Left isomerism and complete atrioventricular block: a report of six cases.
abstract: Six children, aged 12 days to 13 years, with left isomerism and complete atrioventricular (A-V) block are presented. In all six patients the diagnosis of left isomerism was suggested by an interrupted inferior vena cava found during cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography; four patients had complex heart disease consisting of endocardial cushion defect, five had a common atrium, three had pulmonary stenosis, three had patient ductus arteriosus and two had dextrocardia. Further anatomic abnormalities included situs inversus of the viscera (four patients) as well as partial malrotation of the bowel. Of the six patients, four had congenital complete A-V block, whereas the remaining two had A-V conduction disturbances documented during early infancy that progressed to complete A-V block later in life. All six patients required pacemaker implantation and five of the six patients died. This report discusses the clinical presentation of complete AV block and left isomerism and reviews the literature.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000628:therapy; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003914:Dextrocardia / Q000150:complications; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006327:Heart Block / Q000150:complications*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007979:Levocardia / Q000150:complications; D011859:Radiography; D013154:Spleen / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013577:Syndrome; D014684:Venae Cavae / Q000002:abnormalities