title: Metabolism of haloforms to carbon monoxide. IV. studies on the reaction mechanism in vivo.
abstract: In vivo studies have been carried out in order to understand more fully the mechanism of haloform oxidation to carbon monoxide. A deuterium isotope effect on carbon monoxide production from chloroform was observed in both control and phenobarbital-treated rats. Diethyl maleate treatment decreased blood carbon monoxide concentrations produced from bromoform and chloroform and attenuated the effect of deuterium substitution on the metabolism of both compounds to carbon monoxide. Cysteine also decreased blood carbon monoxide concentrations seen after giving chloroform. A reaction mechanism similar to that proposed on the basis of in vitro data, which included a central role for dihalocarbonyl compounds in the formation of 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, is suggested for the in vivo metabolism of haloforms to carbon monoxide. These data indicate that carbon monoxide production may be a detoxification pathway for haloforms and that both the inhibition of carbon monoxide production from haloforms and the potentiation of haloform-hepatotoxicity by diethyl maleate are due to the depletion of glutathione.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000097:blood*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002725:Chloroform / Q000378:metabolism*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003903:Deuterium; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008298:Maleates / Q000494:pharmacology; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D053778:Thiazolidines; D022882:Trihalomethanes
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D008298:Maleates; D013844:Thiazoles; D053778:Thiazolidines; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002725:Chloroform; D003903:Deuterium; C014476:diethyl maleate; D003545:Cysteine; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; C015044:bromoform; C029536:2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; D010634:Phenobarbital