title: Nephrotoxicity of halogenated vinyl cysteine compounds.
abstract: S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl) cysteine (DCVC), is a potent nephrotoxin. In order to determine if other vinyl cysteine conjugates were nephrotoxic, halogenated vinyl cysteines, HVC-1 and HVC-2, were prepared from chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), a fluorocarbon monomer, or chlorotifluoroethylene, a metabolite of halothane, respectively. Three days after receiving DCVC (5-10 mg/kg), CD-1 mice developed focal renal tubular necrosis. Mice treated with HVC-1 or HVC-2 (5-10 mg/kg) also developed renal necrosis by 3 days post exposure. HVC-1 was not as potent as DCVC with the necrosis limited to the pars recta. At equivalent doses HVC-2 caused less necrosis of the pars recta than HVC-1. The degree of nephrotoxicity by all three compounds exhibited a dose-response from 1-25 mg/kg. Doses greater than 25 mg/kg were often lethal within 3 days and the mice had a complete zonal necrosis of the renal cortex and a two-fold increase in kidney weight. Structural analogues, S-(chlorethyl) or S-(hydroxyethyl) cysteine, did not cause renal necrosis in mice at doses up to 200 mg/kg. These studies indicate that the enzymes reportedly responsible for converting DCVC to a nephrotoxic intermediate will also bioactivate other halogenated vinyl cysteines.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000633:toxicity; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000633:toxicity; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D005030:Ethylenes; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C016304:chlorotrifluoroethylene; D003545:Cysteine