title: Comparative ultrastructure of eyespot membranes in gametes and zoospores of the green alga Ulva lactuca (Ulvales).
abstract: Eyespot membranes in zoospores, and male and female gametes of the green alga Ulva lactuca, were studied comparatively by the freeze-fracture technique. The plasmalemma and the outer chloroplast envelope membrane overlying the eyespot lipid globules are specialized in all 3 types of reproductive cells. In the eyespot region the protoplasmic face (PF) of the outer chloroplast envelope membrane contains significantly more intramembraneous particles (IMP) compared to membrane areas outside the eyespot: in female gametes there are 2.5 times more IMP/micrometers 2, in zoospores 3 and in male gametes about 4. Small size-class IMP (4--6 nm diameter) are particularly abundant on both fracture faces of the outer chloroplast membrane, but size-class distribution is not significantly different between membrane areas inside and outside the eyespot region. The total number of IMP/eyespot on the PF of the outer chloroplast membrane was calculated to be 4900 in male gametes, 5500 in female gametes and 11 200 in zoospores. The results are discussed in accordance with the view that these membrane specializations participate in photoreception relating to green algal phototaxis. Evidence is presented that there is a correlation between IMP numbers per eyespot in the outer chloroplast envelope membrane and the different phototactic behaviour of gametes compared to zoospores in Ulva.
mesh_terms: D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D005614:Freeze Fracturing; D008297:Male; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013170:Spores / Q000648:ultrastructure