title: A piezoelectric device to aid penetration of small nerve fibers with microelectrodes.
abstract: A small piezoelectric device for cell penetration is described. It retracts the micropipette slowly by electrostriction, and pushes it very fast (less than 5 microsecond) forward by short-circuiting the transducer. The design, operation circuit, and performance under test conditions are described. Penetration examples from small nerve fibers (less than 5 micrometer) show that membrane puncture occurs only with the fast forward push. Cells are not noticeably damaged, even if the device is repeatedly operated after cell penetration.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004175:Diptera; D004581:Electronics / Q000295:instrumentation; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000502:physiology*