Comparison of amantadine and rimantadine for prevention of type A (Russian) influenza.
The efficacies of 200 mg of daily doses of amantadine and of rimantadine for prevention of infection and illness due to influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) virus were compared in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on a college campus. Frequencies of symptoms that might have been side effects of the drugs were not significantly different from those in placebo recipients. Analyses indicated that the trial was initiated late in the epidemic and that an age-related protective effect against A/USSR virus existed; seroconversion frequencies were 52/139 (37%) among 18-19-year-olds, 33/130 (25%) among 20-21-year-olds, and 5/39 (12.8%) among 22-24-year-olds. Among initially antibody-negative (less than 1 : 4 in complement fixing and neutralizing tests and less than 1 : 8 in hemagglutination inhibition tests) 18-19-year-old students, amantadine was associated with significantly fewer seroconversions (P = 0.01) and both less infection and milder illness than occurred in placebo recipients (P less than 0.05). Although rimantadine was not accompanied by reduction in frequency of seroconversions in the same age group, illness frequency and severity among seroconverters were significantly reduced when compared to placebo recipients (P less than 0.01). Amantadine and rimantadine appear suitable for use in young adults. Although other studies have suggested greater effectiveness of rimantadine than of amantadine against influenza, no evidence for this was seen in the present study which used both drugs at the same dose.
D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000547:Amantadine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D012299:Rimantadine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012299:Rimantadine; D000547:Amantadine; D000218:Adamantane