title: A high vacuum photoelectron microscope for the study of biological specimens.
abstract: A photoelectron microscope (photoemission electron microscope) has been designed and built for the study of organic and biological samples. The microscope is an oil-free stainless steel high vacuum instrument pumped by a titanium sublimation pump, an ion pump, and molecular sieve roughing pumps. The electron lenses are of the electrostatic unipotential type. The microscope is equipped with a dewar for sample cooling, an internal cryogenic camera, TV-image intensifier, and vibration isolation support. Applications include studies of biological cell surfaces, photosynthetic membranes and aromatic chemical carcinogens. A representative micrograph of mouse 3T3 cells is included. In some respects, photoelectron micrographs resemble scanning electron micrographs, but the basis for contrast is different in these two techniques.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D010860:Pigments, Biological