title: The stress of children's births: gender differences in the impact on alcoholics.
abstract: Previously reported gender differences regarding the role of discrete life change events in the onset of alcoholism are examined through a systematic evaluation of the histories of 586 alcoholics. Several methodological features of this research distinguish it from investigations reported in the past. The use of a structured, topically organized interview protocol eliminated possible biases introduced by gender differences in the tendency to attribute the onset of alcoholism to life change. The application of an actuarial analytic procedure allowed an examination of the temporal relationship between life change (births of children) and the onset of alcoholism and a restriction of the period of risk for the onset of alcoholism following discrete life change to two years. The focus on a single type of life change event, births of children, reflects an established concern with the role of gynecological events in the onset of alcoholism among women and allows of the general comparisons. Results indicate that, among those ever at risk of first experiencing alcohol-related problems during the two year period following the birth of a child, males show a statistically significantly higher percentage with the onset of alcoholism during this time period than do females. The birth of a first child was found to be most strongly related to the development of problem drinking. Among males, but not among females, the birth of a first child was also found to follow the onset of alcoholism by two years in a significant number of cases.
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors