title: Educational achievement, IQ and affective disorder in the adult offspring of bipolar manic-depressives.
abstract: An educational history, corroborated by records where available, was obtained on 54 of the 58 adult offspring of 17 bipolar manic-depressives. The offspring were also interviewed and psychiatric status was ascertained. Primary and other affective disorder in the offspring was not associated with a lower IQ or lower ultimate educational attainment than that of the remaining offspring. There was a trend towards increased educational failure in the offspring with primary affective disorder, but they were as likely as other offspring who had failed to have resumed their education at a later date. III offspring with any form of school failure had a significantly earlier onset of their psychiatric illness, although school failure could not be shown to be a part of an early symptom complex.
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000235:genetics*