title: Aftereffects of lithium-conditioned stimuli on consummatory behavior in the presence or absence of the drug.
abstract: Drinking is increased by prior exposure to lithium-conditioned stimuli. Experiment 1 showed that this phenomenon is not an artifact of testing subjects with a novel, palatable drinking fluid and also showed that lithium-conditioned olfactory stimuli produce a biphasic change in drinking, with drinking suppressed at the start of exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and enhanced a long time after CS onset or exposure. Experiment 2 showed that the increased drinking aftereffect of lithium-conditioned stimuli is not a result of the instrumental reinforcement of the drinking response by the scheduling of water access following drug injections during conditioning, and Experiments 3, 4, and 5 showed that the increased drinking effect occurs even if subjects are injected with lithium prior to the test session. The results of Experiments 3 and 5 alos showed that lithium administration and exposure to lithium-conditioned stimuli have independent and opposite aftereffects: Lithium disrupts drinking, whereas prior exposure to lithium-conditioned stimuli increases consumption. The relevance of conditioned opponent and compensatory processes to the findings is discussed.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012903:Smell / Q000187:drug effects; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008094:Lithium