title: Strength of drug habits: for heroin, morphine, methadone, alcohol, barbiturates, pentobarbital, benzedrine, cocaine, and marijuana.
abstract: The drug habits for 78 confirmed opiate addicts were studied on eight scales from the Process Association Test of Addiction (PATA) for many drug names. Through cluster analysis eight stages of addiction were defined: "to be clean", "to learn about drugs", "to hustle", "to chip" (also "to be high"), to be psychologically dependent or "to need a shot", "to be hooked" "to kick a habit" and "to be in treatment". Associations stimulated by the words heroin and morphine were very similar over the eight stages of addiction in opiate addicts. The subjects were especially inclined to associate morphine and heroin with the most severe level of addiction, "to be hooked". Associations to both methadone and cocaine were elevated at the "hooked" stage, but in other respects associations to these drugs were opposite. Thus, associations to cocaine were focused on the stage of psychological dependence and the lower intermediate stage of addiction, "to chip" and "to be high", whereas associations to methadone suggested a turning away from addiction as indicated by avoidance associations ("to come down" and "to kick a habit") as well as associations to "treatment" and "to be clean". Marijuana, Benzedrine, "goofball" (barbiturates) and alcohol habits were prominent at an intermediate stage of addiction ("to chip" and "to be high"). Avoidance associations were common for Benzedrine and "goofballs" (also pentobarbital) but not for marijuana or alcohol. "Hustling" associations were frequent for marijuana but not for alcohol.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology; D000662:Amphetamines; D001463:Barbiturates; D002188:Cannabis; D003042:Cocaine; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone; D009021:Morphine Dependence / Q000523:psychology; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D010424:Pentobarbital; D011581:Psychological Tests; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D001463:Barbiturates; D010424:Pentobarbital; D003042:Cocaine; D008691:Methadone