title: Raynaud's disease and phenomenon.
abstract: Episodic digital ischemia may be an isolated abnormality, a symptom of systemic illness or the result of trauma, pharmacologic toxicity, atherosclerosis or Buerger's disease. A complete history and physical examination often provide adequate information for diagnosis. Laboratory evaluation usually confirms the presence of a systemic process, such as one of the rheumatologic disorders or a monoclonal gammopathy. Approaches to therapy differ, depending on the underlying process. In Raynaud's vasospasm, the results of pharmacologic therapy and/or sympathectomy are disappointing; avoidance of smoking and conservation of body heat are essential.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001796:Blood Protein Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D003450:Cryoglobulins; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008875:Middle Aged; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012907:Smoking; D013562:Sympathectomy; D013901:Thoracic Outlet Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D013919:Thromboangiitis Obliterans / Q000175:diagnosis; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003450:Cryoglobulins; D014665:Vasodilator Agents