title: Perforation of the inferior vena cava by the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter.
abstract: Perforation of the inferior vena cava has been reported following insertion of the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter. This report describes this complication as a consequence of a preventable technical error. However, the clinical implications of such a malpositioned filter may extend beyond the possible obvious complications of retroperitoneal hemorrhage or paracaval organ injury. Inadequate protection against pulmonary embolism may result. A three-dimensional concept is presented to illustrate the loss of equal "compartmentalization" of the cava.
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011859:Radiography; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery