Cigarette smoking associated with sleep difficulty.
A group of 50 smokers experienced greater sleep difficulty than a group of 50 nonsmokers matched by age and sex. The two groups did not differ in personality patterns or drug consumption. Also, sleep patterns significantly improved in a group of eight chronic smokers when they abstained from cigarette smoking. These findings are consistent with reports on the stimulant effects of nicotine.
D000328:Adult; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012894:Sleep Stages; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000150:complications*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology
D003069:Coffee