title: Differential diagnosis of acute renal failure.
abstract: This prospective study compares the fractional excretion of sodium, FENa, urinary sodium concentration, UNa, urine osmolality, Uosm, and the U/P creatinine ratio in their diagnostic effectiveness in 87 patients with acute renal failure: 22 acute tubular necrosis, 18 non-oliguric acute tubular necrosis, 12 acute urinary tract obstruction, 14 acute glomerulonephritis, and 21 pre-renal azotemia. Discriminant analysis demonstrated a correct diagnostic classification in 86 of 87 patients using FENa, and only 46, 60 and 65 correct using Uosm, UNa, and U/P Cr, respectively. FENa is identified as the most effective non-invasive test for the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure. An FENa of 1 classifies all entities into two groups: FENa more than 1; acute tubular necrosis, non-oliguric acute tubular necrosis and urinary tract obstruction and less than 1; pre-renal azotemia and acute glomerulonephritis (P less than 0.001).
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis; D009846:Oliguria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D014511:Uremia / Q000175:diagnosis; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine