Births following oral contraceptive failures.
Neonatal outcome was studied in 108 infants conceived while their mothers were taking oral contraceptives. The infants tended to be born to younger, less educated mothers and were more likely to have been exposed to hormonal pregnancy tests. Ten newborns were malformed; 8 of these were males. One was anencephalic, and 1 infant had Down's syndrome. There was also a significantly large number of twins and an excess of perinatal mortality. These results are similar to those of previous studies, showing a small but increased risk of adverse outcome in infants born after oral contraceptive failure.
D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D045166:Estradiol Congeners / Q000009:adverse effects; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D045166:Estradiol Congeners; D045167:Progesterone Congeners