title: Studies of limb-dislodging forces acting on an ejection seat occupant.
abstract: A mathematical theory is being developed in order to calculate the aerodynamic loading to which a pilot is exposed during high-speed ejections. Neglecting the initial effects of flow separation, results thus far indicate that a pilot's musculoskeletal system is not likely to withstand the tendency for limb-flailing if he is ejecting at Mach numbers in excess of about 0.7. This tendency depends very strongly upon the angle at which the pilot's limbs intercept a high-speed flow; the forces that cause limb dislodgement increase dramatically with speed of ejection. Examining the time-course of limb-dislodging forces after the initial onset of windblast, the theory further predicts the generation of a double vortex street pattern on the downstream side of the limbs of an ejection seat occupant. This results in the corresponding appearance of oscillating forces tending to cause lateral motion (vibration) of the limbs. The amplitude and frequency of these oscillating forces are also very dependent on the Mach number of ejection and the angle at which the pilot's limbs intercept the flow. However, even at moderate Mach numbers, the frequency can be as high as 100 cycles per second, and the amplitude rapidly exceeds a pilot's musculo-skeletal resistive powers for Mach numbers above 0.7.
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000392:Air Movements; D000401:Aircraft / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D005121:Extremities / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological