title: Toxicity of alkaline solutions.
abstract: We examined the question of what determines the toxicity of alkaline solutions--pH, viscosity, or other factors. Our experiments have identified pH measurement as the simplest and most easily measured parameter for determining initial management of caustic ingestions. Viscosity is not a clinically useful measurement. The closer to 14 the pH measures, the more destructive the caustic. Non-lye solutions known to cause esophageal ulceration have a pH of 12.5 to 13.5. Most cases of deep ulceration going on to stricture formation involve lye solutions of pH 14. The critical pH that causes esophageal ulceration is 12.5, and thus a patient ingesting a substance with a pH greater than 12 should be followed closely for the possibility of esophageal ulceration.
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies / Q000633:toxicity*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006795:Household Products / Q000633:toxicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D014456:Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D000641:Ammonia