title: The quenching of an intramembrane fluorescent probe. A method to study the binding and permeation of phloretin through bilayers.
abstract: Phloretin and phloretin-like dipolar non-electrolytes strongly quench the fluorescence of several membrane-bound probes, including 1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-triene and anthroyl derivatives of long-chain fatty acids. Fluorescence intensity measurements therefore provide a simple and sensitive method to study the equilibrium binding properties and permeability of phloretin-like molecules in biological and artificial membrane systems. The dissociation constants for the binding of phloretin and naringenin to phosphatidylcholine vesicle membranes are determined, assuming the Stern-Volmer relation, from the fluorescence intensity of intramembrane probes as a function of phloretin and naringenin concentrations. Results (phloretin, 9 +/- 1 muM; naringenin, 21 +/- 4 muM) agree with the dissociation constants obtained using absorption titration performed in the absence of fluorescent probes. Fluorescence nanosecond lifetime measurements show that the mechanism of quenching of dephenylhexatriene and 16-anthroylpalmitic acid by phloretin and naringenin is largely diffusional in nature. The transmembrane movement of phloretin through phosphatidylcholine vesicles was observed by the stopped-flow technique, in which phloretin is mixed rapidly with a vesicle solution containing a membrane-bound fluorescent probe. The time course obtained by fluorescence measurements was identical to that obtained in a parallel measurement of the time course of optical absorption of phloretin, Stopped-flow data for the permeability of phosphatidylcholine liposomes and red blood cell membranes are also presented. The use of a membrane-bound indicator greatly extends the range of concentrations and pH values as well as the types of systems which can be characterized by optical means.
mesh_terms: D004161:Diphenylhexatriene; D007700:Kinetics; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008081:Liposomes; D010539:Permeability; D010693:Phloretin; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008081:Liposomes; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D004161:Diphenylhexatriene; D010693:Phloretin