title: [Calibration of the urethra and video-cystomanometry. Indication and technic].
abstract: Recurrent urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral reflux and enuresis in children want a detailed urologic evalution which often makes - in addition to obvious urinealysis, urine culture, excretory urography and voiding cystourethrography-extended diagnostics necessary including an urethral calibration to definitely exclude a distal urethral stenosis, and a cystoscopy under general anesthesia in order to reveal abnormalities of shape and placement of the ureteral orifice (e.g. lateral placement, "stadium", "horseshoe" or "golf-hole" shape). Then micturition urodynamic flow studies using a suprapubic cystocath are done to recognize an infravesical obstruction, a sphincter dyssynergia, an unstable bladder, an uninhibited bladder or a neurogenic bladder. All these examinations are imperative concerning the decision on either conservative (medical) or surgical treatment or both.
mesh_terms: D003558:Cystoscopy; D004775:Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D011312:Pressure; D014521:Urethra / Q000473:pathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*
vernacular_title: Harnröhren-Kalibrierung und Video-Zystomanometrie. Indikation und Technik.