title: A consideration of the systemic factors that influence frontal sinus pneumatization.
abstract: The authors present the embryology and comparative anatomy of the frontal sinuses pertinent to a discussion of the systemic factors which influence frontal sinus pneumatization. There are at least three important factors involved: 1) craniofacial configuration, 2) thickness of the frontal bone, 3) growth hormones. Various clinical entities which illustrate these points are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D005823:Genetics; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D011859:Radiography; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology