Genetic activity of X chromosomes in pluripotent female teratocarcinoma cells and their differentiated progeny.
We have induced teratocarcinomas from female embryos heterozygous for electrophoretic variants of the X-linked gene coding for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). An embryonal carcinoma cell line, P10, has been isolated from such a teratocarcinoma. It has a normal female karyotype and cultures contain both PGK isoenzymic forms. Clonal populations derived from P10 also contain both PGK electrophoretic variants. In addition, both X chromosomes in these cells replicate in synchrony with the autosomes during early S phase of the cell cycle. These data indicate that the undifferentiated P10 embryonal carcinoma cells contain two active X chromosomes. When cultured under the appropriate conditions, the P10 cells differentiate to form a variety of tissue types. At least some of these differentiated cells contain an inactive X chromosome as determined by cytogenetic analysis. Apparently X chromosome inactivation accompanies the differentiation of these female embryonal carcinoma cells.
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D004261:DNA Replication; D005260:Female; D005796:Genes; D007399:Interphase; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D007621:Karyotyping; D051379:Mice; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000235:genetics*; D012730:Sex Chromosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D013724:Teratoma; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000502:physiology*
D007527:Isoenzymes; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase