title: The regulation of brain mitochondrial calcium-ion transport. The role of ATP in the discrimination between kinetic and membrane-potential-dependent calcium-ion efflux mechanisms.
abstract: Mitochondria from guinea-pig cerebral cortex incubated in the presence of Pi or acetate are unable to regulate the extramitochondrial free Ca2+ at a steady-state which is independent of the Ca2+ accumulated in the matrix. This is due to the superimposition on kinetically regulated Ca2+ cycling of a membrane-potential-dependent reversal of the Ca2+ uniporter. The latter efflux is a consequence of a low membrane potential, which correlates with a loss of adenine nucleotide loss from the matrix, enable the mitochondria to maintain a high membrane potential and allow the mitochondria to buffer the extramitochondrial free Ca2+ precisely when up to 200 nmol of Ca2+/mg of protein is accumulated in the matrix. The steady-state extramitochondrial free Ca2+ is maintained as low as 0.3 microM. The Na+-activated efflux pathway is functional in the presence of ATP and oligomycin and accounts precisely for the change in steady-state free Ca2+ induced by Na+ addition. The need to distinguish carefully between kinetic and membrane-potential-dependent efflux pathways is emphasized and the competence of brain mitochondria to regulate cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations in vivo is discussed.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001278:Atractyloside / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009840:Oligomycins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009840:Oligomycins; D001278:Atractyloside; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium