title: Anatomic variations in the first ray: Part II. Disorders of the sesamoids.
abstract: Cadaveric and fresh amputation dissection studies revealed that condylar anomalies, metatarsal axial rotation, and bowstrung flexor tendos will commonly produce subluxation and degenerative changes at the metatarsophalangeal-sesamoid joint. The average arc of motion of the sesamoids from maximum plantar- and dorsiflexion was measured at 71.9 +/- 11 degrees. The anatomic variations presented are correlated with the incidence of chronic sesamoiditis, painful bipartite sesamoids, and chronic nonunions.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011859:Radiography; D012716:Sesamoid Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014033:Toe Joint / Q000473:pathology*