title: Abdominal and obstetric applications of a dynamically focused phased array real time ultrasound system.
abstract: Abdominal and obstetric applications of a dynamically focused phased array real time ultrasonic system are described. This work was performed utilising both the Thaumascan (two-dimensional, high resolution, actual time, ultrasound, multi-element array scanner) and the first commercial unit based on this system, the Grumman RT-400. Examples of normal and pathological anatomy are presented from over 300 examinations performed to date, including a series of 28 abdominal aortic aneurysms studied with the RT-400. Following electronic alterations in the Thaumascan with resultant improvement in the grey scale, prospective analyses in 86 obstetric and 23 abdominal examinations were undertaken. These studies indicate that fetal, intra-uterine, and abdominal structures can be rapidly and consistently imaged. The value of real time ultrasonic scanning in obstetric and abdominal examinations is illustrated. The principles of dynamically focused phased arrays are described, and the merits and limitations of these systems are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology