Calcification of aortic homografts used for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract.
Calcification of aortic homografts used for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract was studied in assess the frequency of occurrence, location, extent, speed of progression, and clinical and hemodynamic implications. Radiologic follow-up by means of penetrated posteroanterior and lateral radiograms ranged from 2 to 10 years in two groups of patients. Group 1 comprised 40 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease in whom an aortic homograft was used to restore continuity between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries. Results from this group were correlated with those from Group 2, which included 80 patients who had a homograft implanted as a substitute for their own pulmonary valve, which had been used as an autograft for replacing the diseased aortic or mitral valve. In Group 1, 92% of the grafts were calcified 6 months to 4 years after operation.  Calcification was severe in two cases, moderate in 33, and mild in two. One of the grafts had to be removed in the tenth postoperative year for progressive obstruction. In Group 2, 27% showed signs of calcification, never before the second year after implantation. Calcium development was severe in two, moderate in 12, and mild in eight. Two obstructed homografts were removed. Aortic homograft calcification has been more common, developed earlier, and been more severe in patients operated upon for congenital lesions. The lower age, the peculiar metabolism, the distorted anatomy, and the development of pulmonary hypertension in this group may account for this fact. In 96% of the patients who were followed, calcification has not yet meant clinical disability or hemodynamic dysfunction. Use of "fresh," antibiotic-sterilized homografts has reduced the incidence of calcification in Group 2 and is expected to decrease its severity in all cases.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000637:transplantation*; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000637:transplantation; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous