title: Excretion, isolation and structure of a new phenolic constituent of female urine.
abstract: The regular occurrence of a peak due to an unidentified substance (X) in the gas chromatographic traces obtained from phenolic extracts of urine from human pregnant and non-pregnant females has been reported. The biphasic excretion of X with maxima in the luteal phase of the ovulatory cycle and relatively high levels in the first trimester of pregnancy were noteworthy and suggested that the substance may have a biological significance. Close similarities between the excretory pattern, the chemical and chromatographic properties of X and of those of the known phenolic steroids suggested initially that this compound was steroidal in nature. The same, or a similar, substance seems to be excreted in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus). We now report the excretory pattern of X in more detail, the isolation of the pure compound from pooled pregnancy urine and the chemical structure. The structure determined by mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy and NMR spectrometry is: trans-(+/-)-3,4-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]dihydro-2-(3H)-furanone (HPMF) and was confirmed by synthesis.
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000328:Adult; D003408:Cresols / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008598:Menstruation; D010060:Ovulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D003408:Cresols; D017705:Lignans; D015107:4-Butyrolactone; C029497:2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone