title: Effects of NiCl2 and NiO in Wistar rats after oral uptake and inhalation exposure respectively.
abstract: The effects of NiCl2 and NiO after oral uptake and after inhalation exposure respectively were investigated in three experiments, using clinical and clinico-chemical methods. I. Oral application of NiCl2 in male rats over a period of 28 days. The NiCl2 concentrations were 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 microgram/ml in drinking water. II. Inhalation exposure of male rats with NiO-aerosols (0.2; 0.4 and 0.8 mg/m3) over a period of 28 days. III. Inhalation exposure of non-pregnant and pregnant rats with NiO-aerosols (0.8; 1.6 and 3.2 mg/m3) over a period of 21 days. After oral application of NiCl2 and inhalation exposure of NiO in male rats a significant dose-dependent hyperglycaemia occurred. In contrast of these findings the serum glucose content in non-pregnant rats exposed to Ni-concentrations of 0.8 and 1.6 mg/m3 were content in non-pregnant rats exposed to Ni-concentrations of 0.8 and 1.6 mg/m3 were significantly reduced. After NiO inhalation (1.6 and 3.2 mg/m3), exposure signs of a marked macrocytosis occurred in pregnant and non-pregnant rats. The oral application of NiCl2 in drinking water in male rats induced a significant decrease of urea in serum and a significant increase of urea in urine. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum was inhibited in male rats exposed to 0.4 and 0.8 mg/m3 NiO-aerosols. No significant difference in serum protein pattern and no 'nickeloplasmin' was detected by serumelectrophoresis and tandem-crossed immunoelectrophoresis after oral inhalation exposure in male rats. Fetuses of exposed dams showed in the groups receiving 1.6 and 3.2 mg/m3 significantly reduced body weights.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D002712:Chlorides; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel; C028007:nickel monoxide