title: The varicocele syndrome: venography determining the optimal level for surgical management.
abstract: The results of a retrospective study of 67 patients with scrotal varicocele on the left side are presented. By means of preoperative venography of the renal, internal spermatic and common iliac veins 3 types of varicocele could be distinguished in which the cause arises in the internal spermatic vein and/or the varicocele is caused by obstruction of the common iliac vein. Use of routine preoperative venography is essential to establish the etiology of the varicocele and its proper management.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013085:Spermatic Cord / Q000098:blood supply; D014646:Varicocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery