title: Separate skin and muscle flaps in lower-lid blepharoplasty.
abstract: A lower-lid blepharoplasty technique that involves wide dissection of separate skin and muscle flaps and their individual redraping and resection is presented. This procedure, which can be used as a routine approach to lower-lid blepharoplasty is especially effective in the management of atrophic, wrinkled, or deeply creased skin; "festoons" of orbicularis; orbicularis hypertrophy; and "secondary bags".
mesh_terms: D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps