title: Closed circle systems. A new direction in the practice of anesthesia.
abstract: On the basis of the near-constant uptake of inhalation anesthetics at the alveolar membrane, the large closed-circuit volume which acts as a buffer, and the effect of concentration on uptake, we have evolved a simple and practical technique of closed-circuit anesthesia. After initial high flow wash-in of anesthetic gases into the FRC, a nearly constant slow fresh-gas flow can be maintained.
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004737:Enflurane / Q000378:metabolism; D006221:Halothane / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism; D012121:Respiration, Artificial
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D004737:Enflurane; D009584:Nitrogen; D006221:Halothane