title: Reversal of dantrolene sodium-induced depression of skeletal muscle in the cat.
abstract: Dantrolene sodium, a muscle relaxant, does not have a clinically useful antagonist. The present study was undertaken to test the efficacies of germine monoacetate, 4-aminopyridine, neostigmine, and calcium chloride as possible agents for the reversal of the direct skeletal muscle depression produced by dantrolene sodium in the cat anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Depression of the indirectly elicited twitch responses (0.1 Hz) of the tibialis anterior muscle by 25, 50, 75 and 84 per cent was produced by dantrolene, 0.16, 0.36, 0.88 and 1.13 mg/kg respectively; spontaneous recovery of twitch tension during the subsequent 30  min was negligible. After the 30-min observation period had elapsed, one of the reversal agents under study was given (iv) in divided doses at intervals of 10 min (five cats for each agent). Germine monoacetate (2 X 0.5 mg/kg) immediately reversed the dantrolene-induced twitch depression, with an over-shoot that persisted for an hour. 4-Aminopyridine (4 X 0.5 mg/kg) caused a steady but incomplete reversal to 17 per cent depression, 30 min after the last dose. Neostigmine (4 X 0.04 mg/kg) caused an immediate, but transient, reversal of the twitch depression, with overshoot. Calcium chloride (4 X 10 mg/kg) was without effect. It is concluded that germine monoacetate is the drug of choice for reversal of the muscle depression produced by dantrolene sodium in the cat.
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002415:Cats; D002595:Cevanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003620:Dantrolene / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005861:Germine Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D002595:Cevanes; D005861:Germine Acetates; D009388:Neostigmine; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D003620:Dantrolene; D002122:Calcium Chloride