title: Carcinogenesis bioassay of acetamide, hexanamide, adipamide, urea and P-tolylurea in mice and rats.
abstract: As a part of the National Cancer Institute's effort to screen environmental and occupational chemicals for chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity, the amides acetamide, hexanamide, adipamide, urea, and p-tolylurea were fed to male and female C57B1/6 mice and Fischer 344 rats from 12 months. Rats received the following concentrations of compounds in their diets: acetamide, 2.36%; hexanamide, 1.5%; adipamide, 2.4% and 5.8%; urea, 0.45%, 0.9%, and 4.5%; and p-tolylurea, 0.2%. Mice received acetamide, 1.18% and 2.36%; hexanamide, 1.0% and 1.5%; adipamide, 1.6% and 2.4%; urea, 0.45%, 0.9%, and 4.5%; and p-tolylurea, 0.2%. In acetamide treated rats, there was a compound-related occurrence of neoplastic nodules (1/47 male, 3/48 female) and hepatocellular carcinomas (41/47 male, 33/48 female). The incidence, speed of onset and frequency of metastases, were greater in males than in females. In male mice treated with acetamide (low dose, 7/50; high dose, 7/46); hexanamide (low dose, 6/35; high dose, 6/39); and p-tolylurea (10/43), there was a compound-related increase in hematopoietic tumors, namely malignant lymphomas. Therefore, under the conditions of these studies, acetamide was an hepatocarcinogen in rats. In male mice, acetamide, hexanamide, and p-tolylurea caused malignant lymphomas. Urea and adipamide were considered to be non-carcinogenic.
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D004032:Diet; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013045:Species Specificity; D014508:Urea / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; C027486:adipamide; C027487:4-tolylurea; D014508:Urea; C000360:caproamide