title: Assessment of renal function of workers exposed to inorganic lead, calcium or mercury vapor.
abstract: The renal function of workers occupationally exposed to cadmium (n = 148), to mercury vapor (n = 63) or to inorganic lead (n = 25) has been compared with that of workers with no occupational exposure to heavy metals (n = 88). A moderate exposure to lead (Pb-B < 62 microgram/100 ml) does not seem to alter renal function. Excessive exposure to cadmium increases the urinary excretion of both low- and high-molecular-weight proteins and of tubular enzymes. These changes are mainly observed in workers excreting more than 10 microgram Cd/g creatinine or with Cd-B above 1 microgram Cd/100 ml whole blood. Occupational exposure to mercury vapor induces glomerular dysfunction as evidenced by an increased urinary excretion of high-molecular-weight proteins and a slightly increased prevalence of higher beta 2-microglobulin concentration in plasma without concomitant change in urinary beta 2-microglobulin concentration. beta-galactosidase activity in blood and in urine is also increased. The likelihood of these findings is greater in workers with Hg-B and Hg-U exceeding 3 microgram/100 ml whole blood and 50 microgram/g creatinine, respectively. The hypothesis is put forward that the glomerular dysfunction induced by cadmium and mercury might result from an autoimmune mechanism.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000502:physiology*; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008628:Mercury / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008630:Mercury Poisoning / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008628:Mercury