title: Mu-opioid agonist enhancement of prostaglandin-induced hyperalgesia in the rat: a G-protein beta gamma subunit-mediated effect?
abstract: Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein stimulation of adenylyl cyclase has been shown to be an important second messenger system for many processes, including mechanical hyperalgesia. Recently, interactions between guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein subunits and adenylyl cyclase affecting the level of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate accumulation have been demonstrated. In this study we evaluated such an interaction by measuring paw-withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli in Sprague-Dawley rats in the presence of two direct-acting hyperalgesic agents, prostaglandin E2 and the adenosine A2-agonist, CGS21680. The effects of two agents expected to liberate inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein subunits were also studied: [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (a mu-opioid receptor agonist) and N6-cyclopentyladenosine (an A1-adenosine agonist). Injection of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin immediately before prostaglandin E2 or CGS21680 significantly attenuated the hyperalgesia subsequently induced by these agents, i.e. the sensitivity to these hyperalgesic agents was decreased. On the other hand, injection of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin 5 min after prostaglandin E2 or CGS21680 significantly enhanced the hyperalgesia observed. Injection of the adenosine A1-agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine immediately before and 5 min after prostaglandin E2 or CGS21680 had a similar effect to [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin. The decrease in sensitivity to prostaglandin E2- and CGS21680-induced hyperalgesia by preadministration of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin or N6-cyclopentyladenosine and the enhancement by postadministration were all reversed by pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein, suggesting the involvement of an inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists*; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000700:Analgesics; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004745:Enkephalins; D010627:Phenethylamines; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; C027513:N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000241:Adenosine; D015232:Dinoprostone