[Rectal administration of anesthetic agents].
OBJECTIVE
To collect data in the current literature dealing with the diffusion, the reliability and the effectiveness of the rectal administration of anaesthetic drugs. To evaluate differences with parenteral administration.


METHODS
Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies published in recent years in indexed journals.


METHODS
Based on the study methodology, drugs employed and pharmacokinetic parameters evaluated.


METHODS
Factors involved in absorption of drugs from the rectal mucosa, clinical effect and pharmacokinetic data of the following drugs: diazepam, flunitrazepam, midazolam, ketamin and methohexital, then a brief evaluation of other drugs: thiopental, etomidate, morphine and chloral hydrate.


RESULTS
The most widely used drugs are benzodiazepines: they are safe, easy to manage and highly effective; among them midazolam has the best kinetic and dynamic pattern. Ketamin is useful during painful diagnostic procedures; with the use of barbiturates there is a greater risk of respiratory depression and more caution must be employed.


CONCLUSIONS
Wide intervariability of rate of absorption, achievement of plasma levels and clinical effect is a relevant drawback of this technique, such to make it not preferable to the parenteral route, when both are feasible. It deserves, anyway, more consideration, and maintains its validity for the preparation of the paediatric patient to general anaesthesia.
D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000774:Anesthesia, Rectal / Q000379:methods; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans
D000777:Anesthetics
La somministrazione di farmaci anestetici per via rettale.