title: Nosocomial and community-acquired Xanthomonas maltophilia infection in tropical Australia.
abstract: Xanthomonas maltophilia infection is recognized as a serious problem in association with immunosuppressive and invasive therapies, and with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In Darwin Hospital in Australia's Northern Territory preliminary evidence of nosocomial transmission of X. maltophilia prompted this retrospective examination of all X. maltophilia isolates over a 30 month period. X. maltophilia was most frequently isolated in the 'wet season' corresponding to times of increased antibiotic treatment of the serious community-acquired pneumonias encountered in this tropical region. A relatively high proportion of community-acquired isolates (4/18; 22%) was documented. This study demonstrates that X. maltophilia infection is an emerging cause of morbidity in tropical regions where endemic infections require the use of broad-spectrum beta-lactams.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000209:etiology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017053:Infection Control; D007769:Lactams; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015876:Northern Territory; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000145:classification*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007769:Lactams