title: [The effects of long-term intake of restricted calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E and cadmium-added diets on the bone mass of mouse femoral bone: a microdensitometrical study].
abstract: Effects of undernutrition on development of cadmium (Cd) poisoning were investigated in mice over a long experimental period ranging from 29 days to 24 months. The study was designed to examine low in calcium, low in vitamin D and low in vitamin E diets, which were considered neither to induce lesions of Ca, vitamin D and vitamin E deficiency nor in nutrition. Twenty-nine-day-old female ICR strain mice were separated into 7 groups and different diets were given to each group. Group I a commercial diet (Intact), Group II a low in Ca and low in D diet, Group III a low in Ca, low in D and low in E diet, Group IV a low in Ca, low in D and 20ppm Cd diet, Group V a low in Ca, low in D and 40ppm Cd diet, Group VI a low in Ca, low in D, low in E and 20ppm Cd diet and Group VII a low in Ca, low in D, low in E and 40ppm Cd diet. Using X-rays of the hind legs, the bone density was measured at the middle of the femur employing a densitometer; effects of the undernutrition and the cadmium-added diet on bone density were investigated referring to five indices: 1) peaks of the density of the middle of the bone cortex (h1, h2) (the maximum density of the bone cortex (h1 + h2)/2 [hmax]), 2) the lowest density of the middle of the bone marrow (h3) (the minimum density of the bone marrow [hmin]), 3) the bone cortical width (d1 + d2), 4) the bone marrow width (d) and 5) the cortical bone index (the ratio of cortical bone width to bone width. [CBI]). The long-term effects of cadmium. a) Comparisons among groups II, IV and V.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002104:Cadmium; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E