Aprotinin versus desmopressin for patients undergoing operations with cardiopulmonary bypass. A double-blind placebo-controlled study.
BACKGROUND
Aprotinin reduces blood loss in operations done with cardiopulmonary bypass, whereas the use of desmopressin remains controversial. We compared aprotinin, desmopressin, and placebo in a double-blind, randomized trial to evaluate bleeding and transfusion requirements.


RESULTS
One hundred forty-nine patients (48 received aprotinin, 50 desmopressin, 51 placebo) were included. Blood loss and transfusion requirements were recorded and levels of Factor VIII coagulant activity, von Willebrand's factor, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, and D-dimer were measured. Overall blood loss was 195 +/- 146 ml/m2 in the aprotinin group, 400 +/- 192 ml/m2 in the desmopressin group, and 489 +/- 361 ml/m2 in the placebo group (95% confidence intervals: difference between desmopressin and aprotinin 98 to 312 ml/m2, p < 0.001; difference between placebo and aprotinin 190 to 398 ml/m2, p < 0.001). Twenty-six percent of patients treated with aprotinin, 66% of those treated with desmopressin, and 56% of those treated with placebo were given transfusion (95% confidence intervals: difference between aprotinin versus placebo plus desmopressin 51% to 71%, p < 0.001). Fibrinolytic activation throughout cardiopulmonary bypass was markedly higher with placebo or desmopressin administration. D-dimer level correlated with overall blood loss in patients receiving desmopressin or placebo, but not in those receiving aprotinin.


CONCLUSIONS
Aprotinin administration reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements in cardiopulmonary bypass. This benefit may be explained by a lower activation of fibrinolysis.
D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000032:analysis; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006490:Hemostatics; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005169:Factor VIII; D005337:Fibrin; D007611:Aprotinin; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin