title: Sacral intervertebral approach for epidural anaesthesia in infants and children: application of "drip and tube" method.
abstract: Sacral intervertebral approach to the epidural space was introduced as an alternative to the caudal approach in infants and children in 1987. We performed single-shot epidural anaesthesia in 200 infants and children with this approach using the "drip and tube" method for identification of the epidural space. Identification of the epidural space was marked by commencement of dripping in the chamber of a micro-drip infusion set which was connected to the epidural needle. With the i.v. extension tube, local anaesthetic solution was injected by the "immobile needle" technique. Overall success rate of the block was 96%. This approach to the epidural space is anatomically easy in infants and children, and application of our "drip and tube" method might make the paediatric single-shot epidural anaesthesia safer and more successful.
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001835:Body Weight; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004824:Epidural Space; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007440:Intubation / Q000295:instrumentation; D008845:Microinjections / Q000295:instrumentation; D009339:Needles; D009407:Nerve Block; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012447:Sacrum; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine