title: Spectrum of genital human papillomavirus infection in a female adolescent population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted disease associated with cervical dysplasia and carcinoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine prevalence rates of cervical human papillomavirus infection compared with other sexually transmitted diseases and risk factors associated with human papillomavirus infection among adolescent women, we evaluated 634 patients attending three urban adolescent clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient evaluation included Pap smears; screening for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis; and testing of cervical swab samples for human papillomavirus DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cervical human papillomavirus was the most common STD in our population (15.6%), followed by infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (11.0%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (7.1%), and Trichomonas vaginalis (5.4%). The most prevalent human papillomavirus types were 16/18 (7.3%), followed by 31/33/35 (4.7%) and 6/11 (3.5%). When genital warts on exam, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions on cytology, or cervical human papillomavirus DNA were considered as indicators of genital human papillomavirus infection, 24% of patients had any manifestation of infection, including 15% with clinically apparent infection (genital warts), 36% with cytologically apparent infection without warts, and 49% with subclinical infection only (cervical human papillomavirus DNA without low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or warts). Factors associated with detection of cervical human papillomavirus DNA by multivariate analysis included number of lifetime sexual partners and genital warts on exam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical human papillomavirus infection was the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease among an ethnically diverse group of urban adolescent females, with a large proportion of infections neither clinically nor cytologically apparent. The strong association with lifetime sexual partners substantiates that cervical human papillomavirus is acquired predominantly by sexual contact and often soon after the onset of sexual activity.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D003120:Colorado / Q000453:epidemiology; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral