title: Role of nitric oxide in motility and secretion of the feline hepatobiliary tract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide (NO) mediates inhibition of gastrointestinal smooth-muscle cells via nonadrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) nervous pathways. The effect of NO on the absorption and secretion by the mucosa of the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary tracts is less well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pharmacologic blockade of NO synthase on sphincter of Oddi activity, gallbladder function, and bile secretion and to demonstrate the presence of NO synthase-positive neurons in this region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were conducted on anesthetized cats after blockage of noradrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission. Flow resistance in the sphincter of Oddi, gallbladder fluid absorption and motility, bile outflow from the liver, and bile salt secretion were registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow resistance exerted by the sphincter of Oddi increased dose-dependently in response to the NO synthase blocker NG-nitro-L-arginine. The increase in flow resistance was reversed stereospecifically by L-arginine, the substrate for NO synthesis. No significant effects on bile secretion, gallbladder fluid transport, or gallbladder motility were observed. NO synthase-positive neurons were identified close to the sphincter of Oddi and in the gallbladder mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This tonically active inhibitory NANC innervation of the sphincter of Oddi may be important in the physiologic regulation of the bile duct pressure.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001646:Bile / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D002415:Cats; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019335:Nitroarginine; D012044:Regression Analysis; D009803:Sphincter of Oddi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase