Phosphonate analogues of triacylglycerols are potent inhibitors of lipase.
1,2-Dioctylcarbamoylglycero-3-O-p-nitrophenyl alkylphosphonates, with alkyl being methyl or octyl, were synthesised and tested as irreversible inhibitors of cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi and Staphylococcus hyicus lipase. Rapid inactivation of these enzymes occurred with a concomitant release of one mole of p-nitrophenol per mole of enzyme. With both lipases a higher reactivity was observed when the alkyl substituent on the phosphonate is a methyl rather than an octyl chain. Both lipases are highly selective for the chirality of these compounds at glycerol and at phosphorus. Rapid inactivation at an inhibitor concentration of 0.1 mol% in 100 mM NaTDOC (t 1/2 < 60 min.) occurred when the glycerol moiety had the (R) configuration, while inhibitors of the (S) configuration react 4-10-fold more slowly. The isomer with the p-nitrophenyl octylphosphonate attached to the secondary hydroxyl group of glycerol hardly inhibited (t 1/2 > 1 day) the lipases. These results reflect the known positional- and stereopreference of these enzymes which preferentially release the fatty acid at sn-3 of natural triacylglycerols. The enzymes appeared to be even more selective for the chirality at phosphorus, the differences in reactivity of the faster and slower reacting isomers being as high as about 250-fold for the methylphosphonates and about 60-fold for the octylphosphonates. These phosphonates can be regarded as true active site-directed inhibitors. The inhibited enzymes can be considered as analogues of the tetrahedral intermediate in the acylation step that occurs during triacylglycerol hydrolysis.
D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000201:enzymology; D007700:Kinetics; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000201:enzymology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D063065:Organophosphonates; D014280:Triglycerides; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019952:cutinase; D008049:Lipase