title: Release of anti-inflammatory mediators after mechanical trauma correlates with severity of injury and clinical outcome.
abstract: Excessive synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1 beta] after trauma has been correlated with poor outcome. Recently, naturally occurring inhibitors of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta have been characterized such as soluble TNF receptors (sTNFRs) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). The present study was undertaken to determine whether injury results in a rise of circulating sTNFRs and IL-1ra. If so, whether plasma levels of these anti-inflammatory mediators correlate with severity of injury and clinical outcome of these patients. Injured patients (n = 213) showed significantly increased sTNFR and IL-1ra plasma levels throughout the observation period of 14 days, compared with healthy volunteers (n = 127). Patients with severe injury (Injury Severity Score > 16 points) revealed higher levels (p < 0.05) of sTNFRs and IL-1ra than patients with minor trauma (Injury Severity Score < or = 16 points). Patients who died from injury demonstrated increased (p < 0.05) sTNFR p55 and IL-1ra plasma levels, compared with survivors. Thus, anti-inflammatory mechanisms are activated after trauma dependent on severity of injury. Because increased plasma levels of anti-inflammatory reacting proteins portended poorly for patient survival, these mediators may contribute to prediction of outcome after severe injury.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008297:Male; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins