title: Fibre is an essential ingredient of enteral diets to limit bacterial translocation in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of six different enteral diets on the gut barrier.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 Specific pathogen free female Crl:CDR BR rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 7 days, 6 groups of rats were fed orally with standard chow (n = 15); total parenteral nutrition solution (oral TPN, n = 15); elemental diet (ED, n = 10); nutrient-defined diet (NDD, n = 10); or the NDD supplemented with uracil (NDD+uracil, n = 10), or fibre (NDD+fibre, n = 10).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, numbers of Gram negative enterobacteria and total aerobic bacteria in the caecum, and intestinal concentrations of secretory IgA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of bacterial translocation was significantly increased in the groups given oral TPN, ED, NDD, and NDD+uracil compared with the group given chow. Only NDD+fibre resulted in a similar degree of translocation to that in the chow group. All groups in which there was increased translocation had a highly significant overgrowth of aerobic bacteria in the caecum, mainly by Gram negative enteric organisms. The secretory IgA concentration was reduced in the group that had been given oral TPN, and that in the ED and NDD+uracil groups was similar to that in the chow group. NDD and NDD+fibre were associated with higher intestinal concentrations of secretory IgA than chow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fibre-free enteral diets do not protect the gut antimicrobial barrier whatever else is in them. The superiority of early enteral as opposed to parenteral nutrition after injury may, therefore, not be the result of a specific protective effect on the gut barrier. The supplementation of commercial enteral diets with bulk fibre should be tested in clinical trials.
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000502:physiology*; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007082:Ileum / Q000276:immunology; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology*; D008643:Mesentery; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory