title: Enhancement of mRNA in situ hybridization signal by microwave heating.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optimization of in situ hybridization protocols is of real interest when trying to detect small amounts of mRNA or when using low concentrations of probes. To enhance the hybridization signal, we have developed a modification of an in situ hybridization (ISH) protocol with radiolabeled cRNA probes. The detailed protocol of ISH used for paraffin sections is also described.
  
  
  METHODS
  In microwave (MW) heating, the tissue sections are heated in a sodium citrate buffer (0.01 M, pH 6). The effects of the pretreatment with MW were studied on kidneys and adrenals of young rats and on human pathologic samples using [35S]-RNA probes complementary to the mRNAs of some components of the renin angiotensin system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The heating pretreatment with the MW permitted us to obtain an enhancement of the hybridization signal, especially when using low doses of radioactive probes. This enhancement could be evaluated to 60 to 120% by computer-assisted quantification of the signal. Furthermore, the histologic structures and the staining with toluidine blue were not impaired by the heating treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhancing effect of the hybridization signal obtained using MW allows shorter autoradiographic exposure times and/or the use of lower concentrations of radioactive probes for the detection of mRNA or the detection of mRNA expressed at the threshold of detection with usual protocols.
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D008872:Microwaves; D015347:RNA Probes / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D012083:Renin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015347:RNA Probes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000804:Angiotensin II; D004247:DNA; D012083:Renin