Maternal activity budgets: feasibility of exclusive breastfeeding for six months among urban women in Honduras.
Although exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is likely to be beneficial for infant health, mothers often cite time pressures as a reason to introduce other foods. Using 12-hr in-home observations at 19 and 24 wk postpartum, we compared maternal activity budgets and time spent breastfeeding among low-income, urban mothers not employed outside the home who exclusively breastfed (EBF) or gave other foods in addition to breast milk (BF+SF). Breastfeeding time was similar between groups (averaging approx 75 min/12 hr) except that multiparous EBF mothers at 24 wk spent more time breastfeeding their infants than did BF+SF mothers. However, total time devoted to infant feeding (including preparation and feeding of solids in the BF+SF group) was significantly greater in the BF+SF group than in the EBF group (except among multiparous women at 24 wk). Feeding frequency per 12-hr averaged 6.7-8.9 in the EBF group and 5.4-8.1 BF + 1.8 meals in the BF+SF group. Both EBF and BF+SF mothers had considerable 'free' time; they spent, on average, 2-3 hr during each 12-hr period resting, chatting or watching TV. Primiparous women tended to spend less time at household chores and child care than multiparous women. Of the BF+SF mothers, 60% said that breastfeeding was 'somewhat' or 'very' time-demanding (vs 15% of EBF mothers), 49% said that it interfered with other activities (vs 6% of EBF mothers), and 26% said that they gave other foods to extend the time between breastfeeds. Although many of the BF+SF mothers knew that giving foods may increase infant illness, there were cultural pressures not to exclusively breastfeed. For example, many introduced solids to their infants prior to 6 months because they believed that infants should 'learn' how to eat other foods, to 'acclimate' the stomach and learn to differentiate flavors. We conclude that time constraints are not a barrier to exclusive breastfeeding in this population, although they may be perceived as a barrier.
D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003906:Developing Countries; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006721:Honduras; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care; D007225:Infant Food; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D013998:Time Perception; D014505:Urban Population