title: Herpes simplex virus trans-regulatory protein ICP27 stabilizes and binds to 3' ends of labile mRNA.
abstract: Previous work demonstrated that a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early function up-regulates beta interferon but not chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter genes driven by the strong simian virus 40 (SV40) or cytomegalovirus promoter-enhancer regions in both transient assays and stable cell lines. The different 3' mRNA stabilization and RNA-processing signals from these two reporter genes appeared to be primarily responsible for this phenomenon. We now report that the HSV-1 ICP27 itself is sufficient to stimulate both steady-state accumulation and increased half-life of beta interferon reporter gene mRNA. Furthermore, the ability to respond directly to cotransfected ICP27 can be transferred to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter genes by replacement of their SV40-derived splicing and poly(A) signals with the 3' AU-rich and poly(A) RNA-processing signals from the normally highly labile beta interferon and c-myc mRNA species. ICP27 expressed in bacteria bound specifically to in vitro-generated RNA from both the beta interferon and c-myc intronless AU-rich 3' RNA-processing regions, but not to the SV40-derived early-region splice signal and poly(A) sequences. By site-specific mutagenesis, we also show that individual ICP27 C-terminal amino acid residues that are positionally conserved in ICP27 homologs in other herpesviruses (D-357, E-358, H-479, C-400, C-483, and C-488) are critical for trans-regulatory activity. Importantly, several of these positions match mutations that are known to be essential for the role of ICP27 in the early-to-late switch during the virus lytic cycle. Therefore, our findings support the notion that HSV ICP27 modulates gene expression posttranscriptionally in part by targeting RNA.
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015870:Gene Expression; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000235:genetics; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C057120:ICP27 protein, human herpesvirus 1; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014764:Viral Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase