Morphology, histochemistry, and differentiation of the cat's epiglottic cartilage: a supporting organ composed of elastic cartilage, fibrous cartilage, myxoid tissue, and fat tissue.
BACKGROUND
In carnivores, the supporting organ of the epiglottis is usually called "epiglottic cartilage" (EC) although it is composed of elastic cartilage and unilocular fat storing cells. We studied the cat's EC in order to decide whether these fat storing cells are true adipocytes or fat storing (dedifferentiated) chondrocytes.


METHODS
ECs were studied in cat embryos at gestation days 40 and 60, in newborn, postnatal, and adult cats. We used classical staining methods, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy to identify the different kinds of tissues contributing to the EC and to follow their differentiation.


RESULTS
The cat's EC was defined by a layer of coarse collagen fibers representing a tunica albuginea. This tunica covered irregularly formed and irregularly sized areas of elastic cartilage, fibrous cartilage, myxoid tissue, and lobules of unilocular fat cells. All these tissue showed regular morphology. Adipocytes were provided with continuous basal laminae and fat lobules were well supplied with capillaries. Alcianophilia of ground substance was observed in all tissue components but was strongest in elastic cartilage. Most islets of elastic cartilage adhered to the tunica albuginea of the EC at one surface and were connected to the opposite surface by coarse strands of connective tissue traversing the organ. Intercalated areas of fibrous cartilage contained fuchsinophilic collagen bundles. Myxoid tissue was characterized by stellate cells in alcianophilic ground substance with intermingled fuchsinophilic bundles. All kinds of supporting tissues combined with each other without clear demarcation. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong reactivity for S-100 of chondrocytes, myxoid cells, and fat cells. Chondrocytes and myxoid cells also stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein 200, and neuron specific enolase. During development, condensation of mesenchymal cells indicated the blastema of the EC at gestation day 40. At day 60, delicate collagen fibrils indicated the future tunica albuginea, faint alcianophilia was noted in the ground substance, and multilocular fat cells were scattered throughout the blastema. At birth, alcianophilia was moderate and multilocular fat cells were numerous. Three weeks after birth, single and grouped unilocular fat cells were seen, alcianophilia of ground substance was prominent, and former blastema cells presented as ramified myxoid cells. Eight weeks after birth, the EC primarily consisted of myxoid tissue, but the first islets of cartilage were seen in the center of myxoid areas. Unilocular fat cells already formed lobules.


CONCLUSIONS
These results show that in the cat EC a) differentiation of adipocytes precedes differentiation of all the other tissue components, and b) differentiation of myxoid tissue precedes differentiation of cartilage. It is concluded that myxoid tissue may serve as a precursor of fibrous and elastic cartilage.
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002356:Cartilage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002415:Cats; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003094:Collagen / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004547:Elastic Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D004825:Epiglottis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011247:Pregnancy; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009418:S100 Proteins; D003094:Collagen