Second-line treatment with high-dose 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in advanced colorectal cancer refractory to standard-dose 5-fluorouracil treatment.
Results with second-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer are poor. Preliminary phase I/II results suggest encouraging response rates to high-dose 5-fluorouracil (FU) (2,600 mg/m2) combined with folinic acid (FA) in pretreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer. To determine the significance of weekly high-dose FU/FA in colorectal cancer refractory to weekly standard doses of FU/FA, a phase II study was initiated. 69 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to first-line weekly standard-dose FU/FA were treated with weekly high-dose FU 2,600 mg/m2 combined with FA 500 mg/m2 as a 2-hour infusion prior to FU application. Pretreatment was highly homogenous and consisted of weekly FU 500 mg/m2 combined with FA 500 mg/m2 or FA 20 mg/m2 or the pure stereoisomer of FA (6S-FA) 250 mg/m2. At the time of disease progression under first-line therapy, patients were transferred to high-dose FU/FA within 4 weeks. Treatment was continued until tumor progression under therapy was documented. Of the 69 evaluable patients, 17 (24.6%) achieved partial response (PR), 42 (60.9%) had no change (NC) and 10 (14.5%) had progressive disease under therapy. The median duration of PR was 7 months, the median time to progression of NC was 4 months. Median survival of all patients was 9 months, of patients with PR, 11.5 months. 33/38 patients with tumor-related pain experienced impressive relief under therapy. Prognostic factors for a beneficial outcome were complete response/PR under first-line therapy, a small number of metastatic sites and a good Karnofsky performance status. Moderate toxicity was observed, and the pattern of toxic events and severity did not differ from standard-dose FU regimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil