title: Pulmonary nodules: improved detection with vascular segmentation and extraction with spiral CT. Work in progress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether extraction of pulmonary vessels from computed tomographic (CT) images with automated segmentation improves the detection of pulmonary nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simulated nodules were superimposed on normal spiral CT images. Eight patients referred for CT assessment of pulmonary nodules were selected for clinical evaluation. Vessels were extracted from both the simulation and clinical study with a three dimensional seeded region-growing algorithm. Three experienced radiologists were asked to locate the nodules and assign a level of confidence to their findings. Sensitivity and proportion of false-positive results per case (FPC) were calculated. Observer performance was evaluated by alternate free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extraction of vascular structures from CT scans improved sensitivity from 63% to 84% in the simulation study and from 58% to 78% in the clinical study. The proportion of FPC decreased from 52% to 24% and from 55% to 12%, respectively. Radiologists performed consistently better with the segmented images than with the original images in both the simulation (P = .006) and the clinical (P = .0013) study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automated vessel subtraction and extraction improves detection of pulmonary nodules.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015588:Observer Variation; D012372:ROC Curve; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*