title: Molecular sieves: an alternative method of carbon dioxide removal which does not generate compound A during simulated low-flow sevoflurane anaesthesia.
abstract: Molecular sieves are used in industry to 'scrub' industrial gases. We examined, during simulated low-flow closed system anaesthesia, (1) the carbon dioxide adsorbing potential of molecular sieves and (2) the reactivity of the sieves compared to soda lime using sevoflurane as an indicator. A low-flow anaesthetic system containing 13X molecular sieves was connected to a model lung. End-tidal concentrations of CO2 were measured continuously at an O2 flow of 800 ml.min-1 and a CO2 flow of 200 ml.min-1. In the second study, sevoflurane (FE'sevo 1.7%) was added to the system after which samples were taken from the inspiratory limb of the anaesthetic system. This experiment was performed both during carbon dioxide removal with soda lime and with the molecular sieves. The samples were stored in gas-tight syringes and analysed by gas chromatography. The temperature of both absorbents was measured throughout the study. The molecular sieves adsorbed carbon dioxide (20%) efficiently for a period of 5 h. There was a gradual increase from the baseline of 4.4% to 4.5, 5.4, and 6.0% at 90, 180, and 300 min, respectively. When sevoflurane was added to the system, compound A was detected at the start of both experiments. However, when soda lime was used the concentrations of compound A increased 10-fold after 2.5 h compared with baseline values. No increase in compound A was observed when molecular sieves were used for carbon dioxide removal. The highest mean (SD) temperature of the molecular sieves was 41.5 (3.2) degrees C. Molecular sieves are effective adsorbents of carbon dioxide when used in a simulated low-flow, closed anaesthetic system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000758:Anesthesia; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004987:Ethers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000378:metabolism*; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010087:Oxides; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004987:Ethers; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010087:Oxides; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane; C004569:soda lime; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C078742:fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether