title: Are labor abnormalities more common in shoulder dystocia?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine the association between labor abnormalities and shoulder dystocia.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive cases of shoulder dystocia from January 1986 to August 1994 were reviewed (n = 276). For purposes of comparison a control group of vaginally delivered patients was randomly selected in a 2:1 ratio (n = 600). Charts were reviewed for demographic information, labor and delivery events, and neonatal outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Labor abnormalities were comparable in the shoulder dystocia and control groups, both in the active phase and in the second stage. When patients with diabetes and those with macrosomic infants were analyzed separately, no significant differences in labor abnormalities were identified. The rate of operative vaginal delivery was significantly higher in the shoulder group, and one third of the operative deliveries were midpelvic. In addition, the induction rate was higher in the shoulder group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that labor abnormalities may not serve as clinical predictors for subsequent development of shoulder dystocia, thus emphasizing the unpredictability of this condition.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004420:Dystocia / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007748:Labor Stage, Second; D007751:Labor, Induced; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012782:Shoulder