Combined simple and complex cord knots.
Both double true knots and complex knots of the umbilical cord are rare events. This report presents a case in which the two occurrences were combined. Apart from some early decelerations in the first stage of labour, there was no evidence of fetal compromise. A mid-cavity forceps delivery performed for poor maternal effort resulted in the birth of a healthy female infant. The mechanism and consequences of umbilical cord knotting are reviewed.
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D011247:Pregnancy; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology