title: Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with cutaneous application of diclofenac gel.
abstract: We present four cases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with the cutaneous application of diclofenac (Voltaren Emulgel). The patients' ages ranged from 24 to 85 yr. Three of the patients had used the medication three times daily for at least 2 wk before the onset of bleeding. In two cases, the treatment was indicated for backache which, retrospectively, was attributable to a peptic ulcer. In those two patients, the hemorrhage was massive, requiring blood transfusions. Because systemic absorption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from topical formulations has been documented, caution should be exercised when prescribing these formulations to patients with a history of peptic ulcer.
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001416:Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005782:Gels; D004008:Diclofenac