title: Hemodynamic alterations in the paravertebral venous plexus after spinal injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of altered venous hemodynamics after spinal cord injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed venography in 200 ambulant patients and 107 patients with spinal injury. The hemodynamic characteristics of the paravertebral venous plexus were documented after pedal injection of contrast material. The hemodynamic and clinical data were correlated in patients with spinal cord injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal venous return via the paravertebral venous plexus in the absence of iliac or inferior vena caval occlusion was shown in 73 (68%) of the 107 patients with spinal injury. This paravertebral venous flow route is not related to the time between injury and examination. It was demonstrable in the early as well as late post-traumatic period and was reproducible at subsequent examinations. The paravertebral venous flow route was more commonly seen in cervical than thoracolumbar injuries and was closely related to the severity of neurologic deficit (P = .0012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal vertebral venous hemodynamics occur in most patients with spinal cord injury and are more likely to occur in patients with complete neurologic deficit and cervical injury.
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D003287:Contrast Media; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007472:Iohexol; D007479:Iopamidol; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply; D010690:Phlebography; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013848:Thigh / Q000098:blood supply; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D014680:Veins; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; D007479:Iopamidol