Clinicolegal aspects of practice guidelines for pediatric eye and vision examination.
BACKGROUND
The American Optometric Association (AOA) recently joined a growing trend in the health care professions by adopting clinical practice guidelines. The goals of practice guidelines are to improve quality of care and to provide a more objective measure of standard of care for the legal system and the health insurance industry. Practice guidelines may eventually reduce the number and cost of malpractice actions. Historically, the standard of care for pediatric eye and vision examination has been the subject of controversy. Issues of disagreement include the amount of ocular health testing that should be performed and the determination of appropriate emphasis on functional vision. This paper summarizes the precedents that have established a legal standard of care for pediatric eye and vision examination.


METHODS
A review of malpractice claims relevant to pediatric optometry was conducted. Public health policy, legal, and malpractice literature was also consulted for current views on practice guidelines. The recent AOA Optometric Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pediatric Eye and Vision Examination were compared to this review.


RESULTS
Standards of care for pediatric eye examination should minimally include assessment of visual acuity, refractive error, binocular vision, functional vision, and eye health assessment including dilated funds examination with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. These standards are commensurate with the AOA Guidelines.


CONCLUSIONS
The AOA Optometric Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pediatric Eye and Vision Examination is compared to the current standard of care for pediatric optometry. It is concluded that the Guidelines are appropriate. Optometrists should integrate these practices into patient care, and the optometric profession should seek to obtain wide spread acceptance of the Guidelines.
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008318:Malpractice; D009907:Optometry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000592:standards*; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000592:standards*