title: Hyperparathyroidism in high-risk surgical patients: evaluation with double-phase technetium-99m sestamibi imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of technetium-99m sestamibi as a single agent in the detection and localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in patients who underwent prior neck exploration or who otherwise are high surgical risks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine patients with hyperparathyroidism underwent 40 double-phase Tc-99m sestamibi studies. Histopathologic correlation was obtained for all studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients had solitary adenomas, and nine had hyperplastic glands. One developed recurrent hypercalcemia after five-gland resection and underwent repeat imaging and operation. Double-phase sestamibi imaging prospectively enabled localization of 46 (77%) of 60 abnormal glands. Twenty-eight (93%) of 30 adenomas were correctly localized, whereas 18 (60%) of 30 hyperplastic glands were localized. The overall specificity of the study was 98% with one false-positive study. Gland weight and vascularity were statistically significant predictors of uptake of sestamibi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double-phase Tc-99m sestamibi imaging is a promising technique for localization of parathyroid adenomas in high-risk surgical patients. Localization of multiple hyperplastic glands remains a challenge.
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002828:Choristoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
chemical_list: D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi