title: Are corticosteroids salvage therapy for refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Late acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by progressive pulmonary interstitial fibroproliferation, is associated with mortality > 80%. Although previous large prospective trials failed to show a benefit of steroids in early ARDS, recent small reports describe improved survival in patients with late ARDS. Recognizing the pathogenetic differences between early and late ARDS, we employed steroid therapy in patients with refractory late ARDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 5-year period, we treated 6 patients who were dying of isolated refractory ARDS with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (1 to 2 mg/kg every 6 hours). Ventilatory parameters and lung injury scores were serially recorded, and steroids were weaned based on clinical response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Steroids were instituted after 16 days of advanced mechanical ventilatory support. By day 7 of steroid therapy, there was clinically significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 ratios (84 to 172) and lung injury scores (3.6 to 2.9); 5 patients (83%) survived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steroid therapy appears to be effective in patients with refractory late ARDS. Prospective trials are needed to define the indications, timing of intervention, dose and duration, and precautions of steroid therapy.
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008776:Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008776:Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate