title: Reinnervation of the rat bladder with a somatic nerve and a striated muscle flap.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current techniques of ventral sacral root stimulation to regain voluntary motor control of the decentralized urinary bladder depend upon intact parasympathetic innervation of the detrusor. We investigated techniques that might allow restoration of motor control of the bladder after efferent parasympathetic impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a chronic rat model, we evaluated whether motor control of a peripherally denervated bladder could be restored by transplantation of autologous excitable tissues and subsequent electrostimulation. Either a somatic nerve or a striated muscle flap was used as the transplant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four months after the initial surgery, electrostimulation of the somatic nerve implant provoked bladder contractions--a response that was blocked by atropine. Stimulation of the nerve innervating the striated muscle flap also provoked bladder contractions; these were not affected by atropine and were slightly reduced by hexamethonium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reinnervation of the bladder with somatic nerves or striated muscles is possible in principle. Future experiments will clarify the clinical significance of electrostimulation of such implants.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation*; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000379:methods*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*