title: Prospective evaluation of oropharyngeal findings in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with esophageal ulceration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the presence of oropharyngeal (OP) candidiasis plays an important role in the evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with esophageal symptoms, there is little information on the utility of OP findings in patients with esophageal ulceration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 54-month period, all HIV-infected patients with esophageal ulceration had careful inspection of the oropharynx at the time of presentation with esophageal complaints and at endoscopy. HIV-infected patients without esophageal ulceration undergoing endoscopy during the last 30 months had OP findings similarly documented. OP ulceration ulceration was determined based on clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 124 patients identified with esophageal ulcer, 14 (11%) had coexistent OP ulceration: herpes simplex virus, four; idiopathic esophageal ulcer, four; cytomegalovirus, three; herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus, two; idiopathic and cytomegalovirus, one. Four patients had OP ulcer without esophageal ulcer; only one of these patients had esophageal symptoms. All OP lesions healed with therapy for the esophageal ulcer. Twenty-eight patients with esophageal ulcer had OP candidiasis (23%); 21 of these patients (75%) also had Candida esophagitis. The sensitivity and specificity of OP ulcer for esophageal ulcer were 11% and 97%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of OP candidiasis for esophageal candidiasis were 90% and 82%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OP ulceration is uncommon in patients with esophageal ulceration, with the exception of herpes simplex virus esophagitis. OP candidiasis is common in patients with underlying esophageal ulcer, potentially resulting in diagnostic confusion. OP candidiasis appears to be a moderately useful diagnostic marker for Candida esophagitis.
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014456:Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology