title: [2-dimensional mapping and retinal and papillary microcirculation using scanning laser Doppler flowmetry].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present clinical applications of a new non-invasive method imaging in a high-definition the topography of perfused retinal vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  By a combination of a laser Doppler flowmeter with a scanning laser system the perfusion of the retina and the optic nerve head is visualized and quantified. The principles of measuring blood flow by Laser Doppler Flowmetry are based on the optical Doppler effect: laser light scattered by a moving particle is shifted in frequency by an amount delta f. Our data acquisition and evaluation system is a modified laser scanning tomograph. The technical data are: retinal area of measurement 2.7 mm x 0.7 mm, 10 degree-field with 256 points x 64 lines, measurement accuracy 10 microns, wavelength 670 nm and 790 nm, light power 100 microW, data acquisition time 2,048 s. Every line is scanned 128 times by a line-sampling rate of 4,000 Hz. By performing a discrete Fast Fourier Transformation over 128 intensities of each retinal point the laser Doppler-shift is calculated for each retinal point. With these data a 2-D map with 256 x 64 points of the retinal perfusion is created. The brightness of the picture-point is coded by the value of the Doppler shift. We estimated the reliability and the validity of the method. Perfusion-pictures of the superficial retinal layer and in the optic nerve head were presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reliability-coefficients r1 of "Flow", "Volume" and "Velocity" were 0.85, 0.83, and 0.85 respectively. The blood flow measurements by the presented method ("Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry") in an artificial capillary gave a linear relationship (r-value 0.973, p < 0.00001) between defined blood velocities and the measured blood flow. By the confocal technique, dependent on the focus, capillaries of the retinal superficial vasculature of the optic nerve head became visible with a high resolution. Off line the blood flow of areas of 110 microns x 110 microns were calculated in terms of laser Doppler flowmetry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  "Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry" facilitates the visualisation of perfused retinal capillaries and vessels in high resolution. The representation of the function of the retinal circulation by SLDF leads to an image similar to the anatomical situation. The 2-dimensional mapping of local blood flow leads to a physiological picture of the retinal perfusion with visible vessels and capillaries.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000098:blood supply*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*
vernacular_title: Zweidimensionale Kartierung der retinalen und papillären Mikrozirkulation mittels Scanning-Laser-Doppler-Flowmetrie.