Urinary lignan and isoflavonoid excretion in men and women consuming vegetable and soy diets.
Urinary lignan and isoflavonoid excretion were examined in 11 men and 9 women consuming four nine-day controlled experimental diets: basal (vegetable free), carotenoid vegetable (carrot and spinach), cruciferous vegetable (broccoli and cauliflower), and soy (tofu and textured vegetable protein product). Three-day urine collections (Days 7-9) were analyzed for lignans and isoflavonoids with use of isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urinary excretion of the lignans enterodiol and enterolactone was higher during the carotenoid and cruciferous vegetable diets than during the basal diet (p = 0.0001), suggesting that these vegetables may provide a source of mammalian lignan precursors. Urinary excretion of the isoflavonoids equol, O-desmethylangolensin, daidzein, and genistein was higher when subjects consumed soy diets than when they consumed the other test diets (p < 0.02). Gender differences in lignan excretion were observed. Men excreted more enterolactone (p = 0.006) and less enterodiol (p = 0.013) than women, implying a gender difference in colonic bacterial metabolism of lignans. There was no effect of gender on isoflavonoid excretion.
D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D002839:Chromans / Q000652:urine; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D060754:Equol; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019833:Genistein; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000652:urine*; D017705:Lignans / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013025:Glycine max / Q000592:standards*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000592:standards*
C007610:4',7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoflavone; D002839:Chromans; D007529:Isoflavones; D017705:Lignans; D060754:Equol; C004742:daidzein; C029498:2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol; D019833:Genistein; D015107:4-Butyrolactone; C029497:2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone