Percutaneous internal maxillary arterial embolization with ethylcellulose microspheres. Results in an animal model.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the use of ethylcellulose microspheres as long-term and peripheral emboli for percutaneous maxillofacial arterial embolization.


METHODS
Eight mongrel dogs were selected randomly for internal maxillary artery embolization with ethylcellulose microspheres. After embolization, angiographic, microangiographic, and histologic examinations were performed.


RESULTS
Ethylcellulose microspheres were trapped in the peripheral arterioles from 24 hours to 6 months after embolization. Degenerative changes of maxilla, mandible, and dental pulp occurred after the embolization of the internal maxillary artery with the microspheres. No evidence of whole or focal necrosis of the bones and surrounding soft tissues was found between 24 hours and 6 months after embolization.


CONCLUSIONS
Ethylcellulose microspheres can be used as an alternative long-term and peripheral embolic agent, with potential for percutaneous maxillofacial arterial embolization.
D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000098:blood supply; D003784:Dental Pulp Calcification / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006253:Haversian System / Q000473:pathology; D008334:Mandible / Q000098:blood supply; D008437:Maxilla / Q000098:blood supply; D008438:Maxillary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008852:Microradiography; D008863:Microspheres; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000473:pathology
C013517:ethyl cellulose; D002482:Cellulose