title: Two new sphingomyelin analogues inhibit phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by decreasing membrane-bound CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase levels in HaCaT cells.
abstract: The effects of two newly synthesized sphingomyelin analogues on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis were investigated in the immortalized human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. N-Acetyl-erythro-sphingosine-1-phosphocholine (AcSM) and N-octanoyl-erythro-sphingosine-1-phosphocholine (OcSM) inhibited the incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine with half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 6 micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml respectively. Further experiments revealed that AcSM and OcSM interfered with the translocation of the rate-limiting enzyme of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.15), in HaCaT cells and inhibited cytidylyltransferase activity in vitro. Despite the fact that OcSM was a potent inhibitor of cytidylyltransferase in vitro, its effects on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and translocation of cytidylyltransferase in HaCaT cells were less pronounced as compared with AcSM. Finally, we showed that the comparatively strong effects of AcSM in cell culture experiments were due to the uptake of large amounts of this sphingomyelin analogue into the cells. The results presented demonstrate that the activity of cytidylyltransferase may be negatively regulated by a high ratio of choline head group-containing sphingolipids.
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002794:Choline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C096803:N-acetylsphingosine-1-phosphocholine; C096804:N-octanoylsphingosine-1-phosphocholine; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D013109:Sphingomyelins; C017506:methylcholine; D014316:Tritium; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002794:Choline