title: The use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection for the treatment of severe and extreme male infertility.
abstract: The outcome of treatment by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is described for patients with severe male infertility. In 296 consecutive cycles, a normal fertilization rate of 69% was achieved with 288 cycles (97%) resulting in embryos suitable for transfer. A total of 32 clinical pregnancies were achieved from the transfer of fresh embryos (clinical pregnancy rate of 12% per transfer) and an additional 44 clinical pregnancies were obtained after the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos (clinical pregnancy rate of 16% per transfer). Overall, 57 of the 76 pregnancies were ongoing or delivered. An analysis of outcome in 5 male factor subgroups revealed no significant differences in pregnancy and implantation rates between the categories. However, the fertilization rate was significantly lower in patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and significantly higher in those patients for whom epididymal sperm were used for insemination. The treatment of patients with extreme male infertility is also described; normal fertilization and embryo development were obtained using ICSI in patients with mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome, severe sperm autoimmunity, round-headed acrosomeless sperm (globozoospermia), completely immotile sperm selected by hypo-osmotic swelling and sperm isolated from testicular biopsies. Three ongoing pregnancies were obtained from 6 patients for whom testicular sperm were used. These results demonstrate the value of ICSI in the management of severe male infertility, however, the treatment of some types of extreme male infertility using ICSI may be limited.
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases; D003593:Cytoplasm; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004822:Epididymis / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009865:Oocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000276:immunology; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology