title: Alternating mitomycin C and bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. The Finnbladder Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to prove if alternating chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic instillations improved efficacy and reduced toxicity in patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 68 carcinoma in situ patients randomly treated with instillations 40 received mitomycin C and 28 received mitomycin C and Pasteur bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in alternating courses. Mean followup was 33 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The complete response rates with mitomycin C and mitomycin C/BCG were 45% and 71% at 3 months, 59% and 82% at 12 months, and 47% and 74% at 24 months, respectively (p = 0.041). The disease-free interval showed the superiority of alternating therapy (p = 0.043). Recurrence rates during the instillation period were 1.834 with mitomycin C and 0.922 with mitomycin C/BCG (p = 0.013). No remarkable side effects developed in the alternating group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapy of carcinoma in situ with alternating mitomycin C and BCG is more effective than mitomycin C alone. Compared to BCG monotherapy only few side effects occur.
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016685:Mitomycin