Two-step development of Hashimoto-like thyroiditis in genetically autoimmune prone non-obese diabetic mice: effects of iodine-induced cell necrosis.
The administration of a high iodide dose (HID; 10 micrograms/day) to goitrous mice is known to induce thyroid cell necrosis and inflammation, which, in most strains, is transient. In this study, we analyzed the effects of iodide in autoimmune prone non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Control NOD mice fed a standard diet (MID; 1 microgram I/day) or HID did not spontaneously develop thyroiditis. In NOD mice previously made goitrous, HID provoked thyroid cell necrosis and diffuse inflammation within 4 days. Inflammatory cells consisted of MHC-class II+ antigen-presenting cells, CD4+ T helper cells and CD8+ T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. After 96 days of treatment with HID, thyroiditis similar to Hashimoto's disease was obtained in 100% of the animals, with destruction of thyroid follicles, large clusters of T and B cells, and antithyroid antibodies in the plasma. When treating goitrous mice with MID, no cell necrosis was observed and no autoimmune thyroiditis was obtained. The early iodide-induced cell necrosis and inflammation may thus be considered as an important factor in the induction and persistence of autoimmune thyroiditis in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease.
D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006042:Goiter / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation; D007454:Iodides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD / Q000276:immunology*; D009336:Necrosis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007454:Iodides