title: Evidence for a high rate of false-positive results with the indirect fluorescent antibody test for Ehrlichia risticii antibody in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The original objective was to determine seroprevalence of Ehrlichia risticii antibody among horses in California. On the basis of the unexpected results of the survey, an investigation into the accuracy and reproducibility of results of the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for E risticii was carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, seroprevalence study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy horses (n = 655) and horses with clinical signs of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (EME; n = 514) from various regions of California.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IFA test was performed. Results were compared with results of an ELISA and with results of western immunoblot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 104 of 655 (15.9%) healthy horses had evidence of an antibody response. However, 84 of 514 (16.3%) horses with clinical signs of EME also had positive test results, and of the 8 seropositive diseased horses for which paired (acute and convalescent) samples had been submitted, only 1 had a rise in antibody titers between the acute and convalescent samples. Comparison of results for the IFA test, ELISA, and western immunoblot analysis revealed a high rate of false-positive results for the IFA test. Subsequent studies suggested that routine vaccination of horses with non-E risticii vaccines may have contributed to the false-positive reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data failed to provide conclusive evidence of E risticii infection among California horses. Owing to the high percentage of false-positive test results, caution is advised when using the IFA test to diagnose EME in horses or to determine the necessity for E risticii vaccination.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002460:Cell Line; D004536:Ehrlichia / Q000276:immunology*; D016873:Ehrlichiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000592:standards*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006736:Horses; D051379:Mice; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial