title: The safety of continuous pleural lignocaine after thoracotomy in children and adolescents.
abstract: Several studies have proven pleural bupivacaine effectively provides postthoracotomy analgesia for both children and adults. When 0.25% bupivacaine is administered as a continuous infusion or repeated bolus, serum bupivacaine levels frequently approach the toxic range. The hazards of bupivacaine toxicity are more difficult to monitor, especially in children who may not report symptoms of local anaesthetic toxicity. Because of this concern, we initiated the use of pleural lignocaine to provide postthoracotomy analgesia for paediatric patients. The records of all patients receiving pleural lignocaine from January 1991 to December 1992 were reviewed. A total of 98 pleural catheters were inserted in 96 patients ranging in age from five months to 20 years. Seven patients had lignocaine levels that exceeded 5 micrograms.ml-1 and no patient manifested symptoms of systemic toxicity. This study shows that the administration of pleural lignocaine is a safe method of providing postthoracotomy analgesia. Lignocaine infusions in the dosage range of 20 to 40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 rarely produce toxic levels, and monitoring of lignocaine levels every 12 h is an effective method of screening for toxicity.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010994:Pleura; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine