title: Absence of human papillomavirus DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction in French patients with esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have suggested that esophageal human papillomavirus infection could be a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in the esophagus of French patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiplex polymerase chain reactions with consensus primers directed to the L1 gene or specific primers for human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 directed to E6 gene (40 cycles followed by restriction mapping of the amplified products) were used to determine the presence of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 75), normal adjacent mucosa (n = 49), and metastatic lymphadenopathies (n = 5). As an internal control, a target located in the embryonic myosin heavy-chain gene was used in each reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human papillomavirus DNA sequences could not be detected in any of the tumoral samples, the normal adjacent mucosa, or the metastatic lymphadenopathies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human papillomavirus seems not to be implicated in esophageal carcinogenesis, at least in French patients, because the viral genomes are not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000821:virology; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains