title: Interaction of phosphamidon with neuropathy target esterase and acetylcholinesterase of hen brain.
abstract: Phosphamidon (PSM) is an organophosphorus insecticide widely used in agriculture. This study was undertaken to examine the interaction of PSM with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) of hen brain in vitro and in vivo. PSM was a potent inhibitor of AChE, with an I50 of 2.9 microM and second-order rate constant (ka) of 1.2 x 10(4) M-1 min-1 at 37 degrees C. PSM-inhibited AChE aged rapidly (t1/2 = 1.9 h). Pyridinium oximes pralidoxime, trimedoxime, obidoxime and HI-6 were effective reactivators of PSM-inhibited AChE, providing up to 75% reactivation. PSM was one of the weakest inhibitors of NTE among organophosphorus compounds, with an I50 of 19 mM and ka of 1.8 M-1 min-1 at 37 degrees C. Inhibited NTE did not reactivate spontaneously and KF-induced reactivation was not obtained even at the earliest tested moments, so it was not clear whether aging of PSM-inhibited NTE occurred very quickly or the KF molecule could not affect the stability of phosphoryl-NTE bond. From the ratio of kas for NTE and AChE (0.00015) it was predicted that delayed neuropathic effects of PSM in vivo would appear only at doses far above the acute LD50. The LD50 value of PSM p.o. for hens was 9 mg/kg. Hens were treated with a single oral dose of PSM, combined with standard antidotal treatment which included atropine, physostigmine, pralidoxime and anticonvulsant midazolam. Doses of 90 and 250 mg/kg caused up to 27% and 45% NTE inhibition 48 h after poisoning, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000139:chemically induced; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D010707:Phosphamidon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D010707:Phosphamidon; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase