title: Pain and vomiting after vitreoretinal surgery: a potential role for local anaesthesia.
abstract: Periconal local anaesthesia with subtenon supplementation was used to provide anaesthesia for 94 patients having vitreoretinal surgery. Of these, 44 patients also received general anaesthesia with neuromuscular block. None of these patients received opioid or antiemetic before or during surgery. In comparison with a retrospective control group, patients who had received local anaesthesia as part of their anaesthetic technique were less likely to be given a parenteral opioid (P < 0.001) or to vomit (P < 0.001) within six hours of the completion of surgery. They also experienced significantly fewer bradycardic episodes during surgery (P = 0.001). For patients having general anaesthesia, administration of an intraoperative antiemetic reduced the incidence of vomiting within six hours of the completion of surgery (P = 0.008). For patients who did not receive local anaesthetic, shorter operating time was a factor associated with both reduced postoperative vomiting (P = 0.0015) and administration of parenteral opioid (P = 0.0014). It is suggested that the use of local anaesthesia as part of the anaesthetic technique for vitreoretinal surgery is associated with improved patient comfort.
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control; D015994:Incidence; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012160:Retina / Q000601:surgery*; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012591:Scleral Buckling; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000601:surgery*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000932:Antiemetics; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents