title: Comparison of different prostate-specific antigen cutpoints for early detection of prostate cancer: results of a large screening study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to compare the usefulness of the normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and the age-referenced PSA level in a large screening study for early detection of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 21,078 subjects (aged 45 to 75 years) were participants in a 1-year prostate cancer screening project with PSA as the initial test. Of the volunteers, 1618 (8%) showed an elevated PSA level according to age-specific reference ranges, and using the normal PSA cutoff point (4.0 ng/mL), 1872 (9%) had elevated PSA levels between 4.0 and 6.5 ng/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biopsies in both groups were performed if the PSA level was elevated. We evaluated the effect on biopsy rate and cancer detection. A PSA cutoff point of 2.5 ng/mL in men 45 to 49 years old and a PSA cutoff point of 3.5 ng/mL in men 50 to 59 years old with normal digital rectal examination findings resulted in an 8% increase in the number of biopsies (66 of 778) and an 8% increase in organ-confined cancer detection. An increasing cutoff of 4.5 ng/mL in men 60 to 69 years old and 6.5 ng/mL in men 70 to 75 years old resulted in 21% fewer biopsies (205 of 983) and would have missed 4% of organ-confined tumors (8 of 220).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the use of PSA age-specific reference ranges increases the detection of clinically important and organ-confined cancers in young men and decreases the number of biopsies in older men.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen