Differential incorporation of fish-oil eicosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate into lipids of lipoprotein fractions as related to their glyceryl esterification: a short-term (postprandial) and long-term study in healthy humans.
We investigated how the distribution of eicosapentaenoate (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoate (DHA, 22:6n-3) in the sn-2 and sn-1(3) positions of fish-oil triacylglycerols influenced their respective incorporation into triacylglycerol, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids of two lipoprotein fractions: low- and very-low-density lipoprotein (VL/LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Nine healthy volunteers were studied over both a short-term (0-8 h) and a long-term (30 d) postprandial period of daily supplementation with 2 g EPA and 1.3 g DHA given as 11 g fish-oil triacylglycerol in which DHA was predominantly situated in the sn-2 position. Our results strongly suggest that the higher triacylglycerol incorporation of DHA and the higher metabolic availability of EPA compared with DHA for phospholipid accumulation (particularly in the short-term study) depend on their respective preferential sn-2/sn-1(3) positions in fish-oil triacylglycerol, emphasizing the important role of the triacylglycerol structure and its potential manipulation for modulating availability of either or both fatty acids.
D000328:Adult; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004951:Esterification; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005527:Food, Fortified; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D005990:Glycerol