title: Anti-AIDS agents, 21. Triterpenoid saponins as anti-HIV principles from fruits of Gleditsia japonica and Gymnocladus chinensis, and a structure-activity correlation.
abstract: Gleditsia saponin C [1] and gymnocladus saponin G [2] were isolated from Gleditsia japonica and Gymnocladus chinensis, respectively, as anti-HIV principles. Compounds 1 and 2 demonstrated inhibitory effects against HIV replication in H-9 cells with EC50 values of 1.1 and 2.7 microM, respectively. Evaluation of the anti-HIV activities of the prosapogenins of 1 and 2 suggested that the unusual monoterpenyl moieties in 1 and 2 are essential for their anti-HIV activity. Derivatives of echinocystic acid [8], the aglycone of compound 1, were also prepared and evaluated for inhibitory activity against HIV replication. 3,16-Di-O-acetylechinocystic acid [12] was shown to be an anti-HIV agent with an EC50 value of 2.3 microM.
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013729:Terpenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012503:Saponins; D013729:Terpenes