title: Assessment of radial aspheres by the Arc-step algorithm as implemented by the Keratron keratoscope.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy with which the Keratron (Optikon 2000, Rome, Italy) measured rotationally symmetric, radially aspheric test surfaces according to an arc-step profile reconstruction algorithm and to discriminate between error caused by the algorithm and error from other sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Height, local power, and axial power calculated from radius of curvature centered on the instrument's axis were reported by the Keratron for four surfaces that had radial profiles similar to normal corneas. The Keratron profile reconstruction algorithm was simulated by using ray tracing. Keratron measurements were compared with the surfaces' formulas and the ray-traced simulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The heights reported by the Keratron were within 0.25 microns from the four surfaces at less than 3 mm from the keratoscope axis and generally within 1 micron of the height calculated from the surfaces' formulas. The Keratron's axial powers were within +/- 0.1 diopter of the simulation of the axial solution between 1 and 4 mm of the axis but were greater central to 1 mm and peripheral to 4 mm. The Keratron's local powers were within -0.25 diopters at less than 4 mm from the axis and peripherally were between +1.75 diopters and -0.75 diopter of power calculated from the surface's instantaneous radii of curvature. Height error because of the arc-step algorithm was less than -0.2 micron.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Keratron's arc-step profile reconstruction algorithm contributed to its ability to measure height more accurately than keratoscopes that use spherically biased algorithms and provided measurement of local power.
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results