title: Nicotine treatment counteracts perinatal asphyxia-induced changes in the mesostriatal/limbic dopamine systems and in motor behaviour in the four-week-old male rat.
abstract: In the present study, the effects of nicotine treatment on the changes induced by perinatal asphyxia in exploratory and D-amphetamine-induced behaviour, and in the number of brain tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were investigated in four-week-old male rats. Asphyxia was induced in pups by placing the fetuses, still in their uterus horns removed by hysterectomy from full-term pregnant rats, in a 37 degrees C water bath for 15-16 min or 19-20 min. Surviving male pups were treated with nicotine via suckling from surrogate mothers implanted subcutaneously with Alzet minipumps containing nicotine (0.2 mumol/kg per h) for four weeks. The minipumps implanted in the mothers of sham-treated animals contained saline only. After treatment, exploratory behaviour and D-amphetamine-induced behaviour was analysed in a computerized "activity" box. After the behavioural experiments, the rats were taken for tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry, and the total number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cell bodies were counted in the A9 and A10 regions of the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area, respectively. Nicotine serum levels were measured using gas chromatography in selected asphyctic and control pups at different periods after delivery. During the exploratory phase, in saline-nurtured rats, 15-16 min of asphyxia slightly increased (approximately 25%) locomotion, motility and rearing. In contrast, 19-20 min of asphyxia reduced the locomotion and rearing by approximately 50%, as compared to controls. An increase in amphetamine-induced behaviours was observed after 15-16 min, but not after 19-20 min of asphyxia, as compared to controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000378:metabolism*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008032:Limbic System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D003367:Cotinine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D004298:Dopamine