title: Multichannel EEG-based brain-computer communication.
abstract: Individuals who are paralyzed or have other severe movement disorders often need alternative means for communicating with and controlling their environments. In this study, human subjects learned to use two channels of bipolar EEG activity to control 2-dimensional movement of a cursor on a computer screen. Amplitudes of 8-12 Hz activity in the EEG recorded from the scalp across right and left central sulci were determined by fast Fourier transform and combined to control vertical and horizontal cursor movements simultaneously. This independent control of two separate EEG channels cannot be attributed to a non-specific change in brain activity and appeared to be specific to the mu rhythm frequency range. With further development, multichannel EEG-based communication may prove of significant value to those with severe motor disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201-0509.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wolpaw
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McFarland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D014584:User-Computer Interface