Use of 4-fluoro-L-ornithine to monitor metabolic flux through the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.
The mechanistic effectiveness of various polyamine analogs and enzyme inhibitors is typically determined by their ability to deplete intracellular polyamine pools. In this study, we describe an assay that may prove useful in augmenting this relatively static assessment of drug action. The assay relies upon the substitution of 4-fluoro-L-ornithine (Fl-Orn) for ornithine as a polyamine precursor to provide a means to measure metabolic flux through polyamine pools. At concentrations up to 500 microM, the analog did not inhibit the growth of L1210 murine leukemia cells during incubations of up to 72 hr. Using HPLC, the analog was processed metabolically over time to what was deduced to be 2-fluoroputrescine, 6-fluorospermidine and 6-fluorospermine. The relative proportion of fluorinated polyamine analog to the natural polyamine increased with time and Fl-Orn concentration. The sum of the two was found to be nearly identical to the respective polyamine pool of control cells exposed instead to 500 microM ornithine. This indicates that Fl-Orn was recognized and utilized as a precursor at a rate very similar to that of ornithine itself. Using L1210 cells at different stages of cell growth, it was determined that the metabolic flux through the pools, as indicated by the rate of appearance of individual fluorinated polyamine species, reflected the proliferation status of the cells--non-growing cells failed to incorporate the analog. Likewise, in cell types with varying polyamine pool profiles, such as polyamine enzyme overproducers or those with constitutively different spermidine of spermine ratios, the incorporation of the fluorinated analogs into pools was found to be proportional to the size to the natural polyamine pool. In cells treated with inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, Fl-Orn incorporation indicated a total blockade of polyamine synthesis at that enzyme site. Overall, the Fl-Orn assay has demonstrated that polyamine pool profiles generally reflect the rate of flux through the pathway in proliferating cells, suggesting that most intracellular polyamines are freely exchangeable with those undergoing metabolic flux.
Kramer
D
D
Grace Cancer Drug Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Stanek
J
J
Diegelman
P
P
Regenass
U
U
Schneider
P
P
Porter
C W
CW
D012437:Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D015317:Biogenic Polyamines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006224:Cricetinae; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007939:Leukemia L1210; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009952:Ornithine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013095:Spermidine / Q000378:metabolism; D013096:Spermine / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
C097066:4-fluoroornithine; D015317:Biogenic Polyamines; D013096:Spermine; D009952:Ornithine; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase; D012437:Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase; D013095:Spermidine