title: IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha act synergistically to stimulate production of myeloid colony-stimulating factors by cultured human bone marrow stromal cells and cloned stromal cell strains.
abstract: Human bone marrow stromal cells respond to stimulation by the monokines IL-1 and TNF by producing colony-stimulating factors such as GM-CSF and G-CSF. In this study we show that IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha act synergistically to stimulate GM-CSF and G-CSF production by cultured marrow stromal cells. We further show that IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha synergistically stimulate production of GM-CSF and G-CSF by a clonal stroma-derived cell strain. Although IL-1 and TNF share many of the same biological activities, we show that IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha have an unequal ability to induce myeloid-CSF production by both cultures, with IL-1 alpha being the more potent inducer. We found that induction by IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha was independent of cell proliferation. The effect of IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha on production of the two myeloid-CSFs by the clonal cells was significantly greater than the unfractionated passaged stromal cultures, having the greater effect on G-CSF production. The clonally derived stromal cells constitutively produced colony-stimulating activity, in particular GM-CSF, at levels easily detected by ELISA. These findings show that, in addition to the overlapping and additive activities of IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha, they can interact synergistically. Our findings further suggest that a small subpopulation of stroma cells may be the major producer of G-CSF in the marrow microenvironment during immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Emerson
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002999:Clone Cells; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D008934:Mitogens; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor