title: Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on growth hormone and prolactin secretion and cell proliferation of human somatotrophinomas and prolactinomas in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  IGF-I inhibits GH secretion from normal and some tumorous pituitary tissue, and has been shown to be mitogenic for gonadotrophinoma cells in vitro. It is not known whether IGF-I affects somatotrophinoma cellular proliferation or the secretion of other hormones, such as PRL and alpha-subunit, which are often co-secreted by these tumours. We have therefore examined the effects of IGF-I on proliferation and hormonal secretion of human somatotrophinomas and prolactinomas in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pituitary adenoma tissue was dispersed to single cells in monolayer culture. The effects of 100 nM IGF-I on GH, PRL and alpha-subunit secretion were determined over 4-hour and over 4-day periods, and a 4-day dose-response study using 1-100 nM IGF-I was performed on two tumours. Adenoma cell S-phase proliferation was determined after bromodeoxyuridine incorporation for 1 hour after 4 days, using a double immunostaining method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 4 hours, 100 nM IGF-I had no effect on GH, PRL or alpha-subunit secretion in 7 tumours. Over 4 days, 100 nM IGF-I reduced GH secretion in 5/8 somatotrophinomas (range 17-84%, P < 0.05) compared to controls, with tumours responding to IGF-I having lower basal serum and in-vitro GH levels than tumours unaffected by IGF-I (P < 0.05). There was no effect on alpha-subunit secretion in any of the three tumours studied. PRL cosecretion was increased in 3/5 somatotrophinomas compared to control (20, 30 and 37%, P < 0.05), with tumours responding to IGF-I being associated with lower basal serum and in-vitro PRL levels than those tumours unaffected by IGF-I. IGF-I also increased PRL secretion in 2/2 prolactinomas (27 and 32%, P < 0.05) compared with control. GH was inhibited and PRL secretion was stimulated by 1 and 10 nM IGF-I in the two dose-response studies. The proliferative labelling index did not exceed 1.9% in any tumour and no proliferative effect was found with 100 nM IGF-I in any somatotrophinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGF-I inhibited tumorous GH in 62% and stimulated PRL secretion in 71% of tumours over 4 days, without affecting alpha-subunit secretion or being mitogenic for somatotrophinoma cells in vitro. No hormonal effects were observed over short (4-hour) incubations. IGF-I may be a newly recognized factor directly stimulating tumorous PRL secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hull University, UK.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Atkin
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Landolt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foy
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Jeffreys
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hipkin
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D015292:Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D015292:Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone