title: Early-stage Hodgkin's disease: long-term results with radiotherapy alone or combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy still exists over the optimal management of early-stage Hodgkin's disease (HD); presentation features may have a different prognostic impact according to initial therapy, and long-term toxicity must be fully evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 164 patients with stage IA-IIA HD treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined radio- and chemotherapy (CT) according to presenting features and their attendant prognostic significance. The RT group included 88 patients with favorable prognostic features; the combined modality group included 76 patients with one or more unfavorable features. In the RT group, 85% of patients received extended-mantle or STNI; in the combined modality group, RT consisted of mantle- (49%), extended mantle- (37%), and involved-field irradiation (14%); CT consisted of 6 cycles of MOPP before 1984; 3 cycles of ABVD were substituted for MOPP thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete remission was obtained in 94% and 99% of patients of the RT and combined modality groups, respectively. The 10-year actuarial relapse-free survival (RFS) in the RT group was 62% and was influenced by stage (p = 0.04) and histology (p = 0.01); in the combined modality group, RFS was 88% and was influenced by the presence of bulky disease. Overall survival and tumor mortality between the therapy groups were comparable. RT-related toxicity consisted of mediastinal fibrosis (8 cases), myelitis (3), hypothyroidism (2); other long-term events included 2 cases of acute leukemia in the combined MOPP and RT group. Altogether, 8 of 20 patients who died were in their first complete remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In stage IA-IIA HD, the combined modality therapy reduced the risk of relapse compared to radiation alone; long-term toxicity of RT was not negligible and relapses could occur late.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Ematologia, Università di Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brusamolino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzarino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canevari
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castelli
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Alessandrino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagnucco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Astori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Livraghi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002423:Cause of Death; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008466:Mechlorethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014747:Vinblastine; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D011344:Procarbazine; D008466:Mechlorethamine; D014750:Vincristine; D014747:Vinblastine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D011241:Prednisone