title: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase codon 215 mutation and clinical outcome in children treated with zidovudine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In HIV-infected adults prolonged monotherapy with zidovudine may be associated with the appearance of HIV strains with decreased zidovudine sensitivity, owing to specific mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene, and this has been suggested to be a reason for reduced zidovudine efficacy. This study was undertaken to determine the appearance of mutation at codon 215 of the RT gene in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, open study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A University Pediatric Department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen HIV-infected symptomatic children were treated with zidovudine for a median of 24 months. Clinical and laboratory controls for HIV infection status were performed monthly. Mutant proviral sequences were evaluated at the start of therapy, every 3 months during the first 6 months of therapy, and every 6 months thereafter. Clinical outcome was defined as stable or deteriorating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No child had proviral sequences mutant at codon 215 before starting zidovudine. Ten of 13 children who had received zidovudine for more than 6 months developed mutant proviral sequences. All the children (10 of 10) with mutant proviral sequences had a deteriorating clinical condition, compared to none of those (0 of 9) without mutation at codon 215.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The appearance of HIV-1 codon 215 mutation seems to be strongly associated with zidovudine therapy and with clinical progression of HIV disease in children.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department (IV), University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Principi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchisio
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: De Pasquale
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Massironi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tornaghi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vago
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015342:DNA Probes; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D015215:Zidovudine; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase