title: Dual mechanism for the control of inducible-type NO synthase gene expression in macrophages during activation by interferon-gamma and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.
abstract: Production of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages is enhanced upon activation by bacterial endotoxins and cytokines mainly via an increase of the intracellular content of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS). We have studied in detail the effect of several modulators of macrophage activity on steady state levels of i-NOS mRNA in the mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were found to be effective inducers of i-NOS mRNA, in accordance with their known ability to stimulate both i-NOS activity and NO production in macrophages from different sources, while TNF-alpha, IL-1, or IL-6 was ineffective in this regard. Accumulation of i-NOS mRNA in response to either LPS or IFN-gamma stimulation was accompanied by increased i-NOS gene transcription, as detected both by using a nuclear "run-on" transcription assay and by transient transfection of the cloned gene promoter in RAW 264.7 cells. Co-stimulation of the cells with both inducers resulted in higher steady state levels of i-NOS mRNA in the absence, however, of a corresponding potentiation of the rate of gene transcription. This was due primarily to a considerable effect of LPS on i-NOS mRNA stability, with prolongation of its half-life from 1-1.5 h, in the presence of IFN-gamma alone, to 4-6 h in the presence of both LPS and IFN-gamma.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weisz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oguchi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cicatiello
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esumi
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004926:Escherichia coli; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases