title: Regulation of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Effects of differentiation, insulin, and dexamethasone.
abstract: Insulin rapidly stimulates tyrosine kinase activity of its receptor resulting in phosphorylation of its cytosolic substrate insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), which in turn associates with and activates the enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). In the present study we have examined these three initial steps in insulin action during the differentiation of 3T3-F442A adipocytes and after treatment with dexamethasone or insulin. The differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells was characterized by a 13-fold increase in insulin receptor protein, a 9-fold increase in IRS-1, and a 10- and 4.5-fold increase in their insulin-stimulated phosphorylation, respectively. The mRNA expression of these two proteins showed a similar 8-fold increase during differentiation. In addition there was a 3.5-fold increase in PI 3-kinase protein [85 kilodalton (kDa) subunit] and a 16-fold increase in IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity between day 0 and day 8 of differentiation. Dexamethasone (1 microM) treatment of differentiated cells induced a further 48% (P < 0.05) increase in insulin receptor level, but the autophosphorylation of the receptor was decreased by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.02). At the same time there was a decrease by 56 +/- 4% (P < 0.005) in IRS-1 protein and by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.001) in IRS-1 phosphorylation. The expression of insulin receptor mRNA was unchanged, but the expression of IRS-1 mRNA was decreased by approximately 75% after dexamethasone. By contrast, dexamethasone induced a 69% increase in the level of PI 3-kinase as determined by immunoblotting. The combined effect of decreased IRS-1 phosphorylation and increased PI 3-kinase protein was a minimal change (15% decrease) in the association/activation between IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase. Chronic treatment with 100 nM insulin induced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in insulin receptor and IRS-1 protein levels reaching a nadir of 34 +/- 5% (P < 0.005) and 39 +/- 5% (P < 0.01) of control levels after 24 h, respectively. There was an even more marked decrease in the phosphorylation level of these proteins. Chronic insulin treatment also produced a 30% decrease in PI 3-kinase protein levels and a approximately 50% decrease in the association/activation between IRS-1/PI 3-kinase. The expression of insulin receptor and IRS-1 mRNA was unchanged during chronic insulin treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Research Division Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Folli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Csermely
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017931:DNA Primers; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015870:Gene Expression; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000276:immunology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D017931:DNA Primers; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases