title: Galanin contracts and relaxes guinea pig and canine intestinal smooth muscle cells through distinct receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Galanin induces a contraction or a relaxation of digestive smooth muscle. Receptors mediating these effects have not been pharmacologically characterized. The aim of the study was to evaluate properties of two specific galanin antagonists M15 and M35 on galanin effects on muscle cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated muscle cells were obtained separately from circular and longitudinal layers of guinea pig and dog ileums. Contraction was expressed as percentage decrease in cell length from control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Galanin induced a contraction of cells from guinea pig circular layer (50% effective concentration [EC50], 80 pmol/L) and dog longitudinal layer (EC50, 100 pmol/L). The antagonists inhibited galanin-induced contraction. The most potent was M15 (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], 80 pmol/L in guinea pig; 90 pmol/L in dog) which was > M35 (IC50, 4 nmol/L in guinea pig; 1 nmol/L in dog). In dog circular layer, galanin inhibited cholecystokinin-induced contraction by relaxing the cells (EC50, 3 pmol/L). The antagonists inhibited this relaxation. The most potent was M35 (IC50, 60 pmol/L) which was > M15 (IC50, 900 pmol/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Galanin antagonists M15 and M35 inhibit the contraction and the relaxation induced by galanin with different potency, suggesting the presence of distinct galanin receptors in gastrointestinal tract that each mediates a specific effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Botella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delvaux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fioramonti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frexinos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bueno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D019004:Galanin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D044088:Receptors, Galanin; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D012844:Sincalide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013373:Substance P / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D044088:Receptors, Galanin; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; C074975:galantide; C074069:galanin-(1-13)-bradykinin-(2-9)-amide; D013373:Substance P; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D019004:Galanin; D012844:Sincalide; D001920:Bradykinin