title: Association between neutrophil functions and periparturient disorders in cows.
abstract: Neutrophil functions were examined in healthy periparturient dairy cows (n = 46) and in cows with retained placenta and metritis complex (n = 20); metritis (n = 18); or mastitis (n = 13). Blood samples (50 ml) were collected from each cow via jugular vein twice weekly from 1.5 weeks before to 4 weeks after parturition. Neutrophil function was evaluated, using 6 tests: random migration, chemotaxis, ingestion, myeloperoxidase activity (iodination), superoxide production (cytochrome C reduction), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Ability to ingest bacteria and random migration activity of neutrophils from clinically normal cows were high around parturition and increased immediately after parturition, whereas myeloperoxidase activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ability of neutrophils from these cows decreased after parturition. Measurement of neutrophil function in 4 ovariectomized cows revealed significant (P < 0.0005) seasonal changes in results of all 6 functional assays. We observed various defects of neutrophil function in all cows with abnormal conditions after parturition. Before parturition, superoxide production activity by neutrophils from cows with metritis and chemotaxis by neutrophils from cows with mastitis were significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) lower, indicating that a defect of neutrophil function may be a predisposing factor in the development of these disorders. In conclusion, the host defense role of neutrophils in periparturient cows was impaired, principally because of a defect in killing capacity, which may increase susceptibility to infections. We also investigated the in vitro effects of arachidonic acid metabolites and recombinant human colony-stimulating factors (rhCSF) on functions of neutrophils from clinically normal and postparturient cows with abnormalities, including retained placenta, metritis, or mastitis (n = 5/group). Each abnormal cow was matched for postpartum period with a clinically normal cow. Neutrophils from individual cows were preincubated with arachidonic acid metabolites (prostaglandin F2 alpha, 10(-7) M; prostaglandin E2, 10(-6) M; leukotriene B4, 10(-8) M; and lipoxin B, 10(-8) M) and rhCSF (rh-granulocyte-CSF, 1,000 or 6,000 U/ml; rh-granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, 5 or 15 ng/ml) in a 37 C water bath for 30 minutes before submitting them to function assays. There was no response by neutrophils from either clinically normal or abnormal postparturient cows to treatment with either arachidonic acid metabolites or rhCSF in any of the 6 functional assays. However, preincubation of neutrophils alone in a 37 C water bath for 30 minutes resulted in some alteration of neutrophil function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: T Q
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brodie
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000097:blood*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010922:Placenta Diseases; D018457:Placenta, Retained / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012016:Reference Values; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor