title: A new trichrome-blue stain for detection of microsporidial species in urine, stool, and nasopharyngeal specimens.
abstract: Detection of microsporidia in clinical specimens has relied on electron microscopy, histology, or staining. This article describes further alterations to the modified trichrome staining method which make it easier to identify microsporidial spores. The changes are a decrease in the phosphotungstic acid level and the substitution of a colorfast counterstain, aniline blue, for the fast green of the original stain. The modified stain provides good contrast between microsporidial spores and background material including human and fungal cells. Stool specimens from 139 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients revealed that 5 patients were infected with Enterocytozoon bieneusi and 6 patients had larger spores. Thin-section electron microscopy of the larger spores showed a structure consistent with that of either Encephalitozoon or Septata species. Three of the patients with Encephalitozoon- or Septata-like species had disseminated infection, with spores detected in nasopharyngeal aspirates and urine samples.
authors.affiliation: Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Fairfield Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coughlan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Globan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doultree
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dwyer
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000469:parasitology; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds; D016819:Encephalitozoon / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D008739:Methyl Green; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D016816:Microsporida / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000150:complications / Q000469:parasitology; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000469:parasitology; D010274:Parasitology / Q000379:methods*; D013170:Spores / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D014556:Urine / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001391:Azo Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C017768:trichrome stain; C017006:aniline blue; D008739:Methyl Green; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS)