title: The effect of treatment regimens for vaginitis and cervicitis on vaginal colonization by lactobacilli.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine the effect of various treatment regimens on vaginal colonization by H2O2-positive and H2O2-negative lactobacilli.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subset of women enrolled in a large longitudinal cohort study who had Chlamydia trachomatis (n = 13), bacterial vaginosis (n = 105), yeast vaginitis (n = 15), or mucopurulent cervicitis (n = 47) were compared with 93 women without genital infection from the same population. The effect of various treatment regimens on lactobacilli was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of doxycycline, azithromycin, clotrimazole, and fluconazole had little effect on vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus. Use of oral or vaginal metronidazole led to an increase in Lactobacillus, which persisted 1 month after therapy. Intravaginal clindamycin use caused a decrease 1 week post-therapy, but at 1 month, levels of lactobacilli were similar to those in the metronidazole treatment group. Women treated with oral ampicillin had a modest increase in Lactobacillus levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of antimicrobial agents for treating vaginitis and cervicitis do not cause a decrease in vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus, which is detectable 1 week to 1 month after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Agnew
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hillier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents