title: Backscattered electron imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis studies of evidence for calcium salt heterogeneity in fifteen gallstones from an elderly human.
abstract: We examined 15 variably-sized gallstones, taken from an elderly male, by backscattered electron imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis to learn the structural and distribution patterns of gallstone calcium (Ca-) salts. Of the 13 cholesterol-rich stones, nine stones had peripheral concentric layers of Ca-carbonate, whereas 2 stones had peripheral layers of Ca-phosphate. No Ca-salts were detected from 2 cholesterol-rich stones. The 2 stones containing Ca-phosphate had no Ca-salt cores, whereas the stones containing Ca-carbonate were separated into 3 different types: two stones with a Ca-carbonate core, four stones with several Ca-bilirubinate cores of glass-like structure, and 3 stones lacking Ca-salt cores. A closer view of the Ca-salt layers, which may be occasionally coexistent with Ca-bilirubinate, mainly showed either laminate deposits or numerous globules with a few laminae. Of the 2 cholesterol-poor stones, one had dispersed particles mainly of Ca-phosphate, and the other had loosely dispersed particles with small amounts of Ca-phosphate, bilirubinate, and/or palmitate. Some relationship between the size and Ca-salt species of these gallstones was suggested. Gallstones collected from the same individual showed a considerable heterogeneity of Ca-salts.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodaka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Debari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium