title: Bone metastasis from cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This retrospective analysis examines the frequency, distribution, and the pattern of disease progression of bone metastasis in patients treated for cervical cancer and the use and results of palliative intent radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts, films, and other available records were reviewed for the 41 patients with bone metastasis of the 496 patients with invasive cervical cancer treated at the Gershenson Radiation Oncology Center, Detroit, Michigan, from 1980 through 1989.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several patterns of bone metastasis were observed: (1) direct extension into bone from the parametrial extensions of the primary or recurrent pelvic tumor, (2) direct extension into bone from parenchymal metastasis to distant lymph nodes or lung, (3) regional hematogenous metastasis compatible with Batson's venous plexus distribution, and (4) systemic hematogenous metastasis to distant bones. Eighty percent of the patients were irradiated, and of those, 70% experienced pain relief.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone metastasis in patients with cervical cancer is an infrequent but significant occurrence with associated severe dysfunction, other signs of local and distant failure, and short life expectancy. Radiation therapy provides moderate palliation for treatable patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Harper Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ratanatharathorn
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Steverson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimm
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010166:Palliative Care; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000473:pathology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy