title: Endogenous production and peripheral blood levels of granulocyte-macrophage (GM-) and granulocyte (G-) colony-stimulating factors.
abstract: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are two important granulopoietic growth factors. This review will focus on the endogenous production of human GM-CSF and human G-CSF and its possible reflection in circulating levels in peripheral blood. When adequately stimulated a variety of cell-types such as monocytes/macrophages. T-lymphocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts can produce CSFs in vitro. G-CSF can increase to detectable levels in peripheral blood when there is a demand for granulocyte production such as acute neutropenic in conjunction with hematological disorders, chronic neutropenic conditions and acute infectious diseases in patients with or without underlying hematological disorders. G-CSF in peripheral blood is detected more often and in higher concentrations than GM-CSF. An independent regulation of GM-CSF and G-CSF secretion, quantitative differences in production and/or differences in elimination or distribution might be of importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sallerfors
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D004727:Endothelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007938:Leukemia / Q000378:metabolism; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000378:metabolism; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor