title: MMPs and proteinase inhibitors in the human aqueous humor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to examine the gelatinolytic and caseinolytic activities and the levels of two proteinase inhibitors, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-antitrypsin) and alpha 2-macroglobulin, in the human aqueous humor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous humor samples were collected during elective surgery in patients with cataracts. Zymography with gelatin- and casein-containing gels was performed. The inhibitors were examined by Western blot analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and dot blot assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aqueous humor contained a major band of gelatinolytic activity at a molecular weight of 66 kD and minor bands at 125, 95, and 62 kD. These gelatinases were inhibited by 10 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or 1,10-phenanthroline. After extended incubation (48 hours), zymography on casein-containing gels showed proteinase bands with molecular weights in the 80- to 84-kD range. Additional bands at 68 and 48 kD also were observed. All the caseinase activities were inhibited by 10 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 1 microgram/ml aprotinin. No inhibition was observed with 5 mM EDTA, 5 microM E-64, or 1 microM pepstatin. These results indicated that the caseinases are serine proteinases. Western blot analysis showed a 53-kD alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor band in the aqueous humor. The concentration was 32.2 +/- 9.9 micrograms/ml, constituting approximately 15% of the total protein. A 360-kD protein band immunoreactive to anti-alpha 2-macroglobulin also was detected. Its level in the aqueous humor was 3.2 +/- 1.3 micrograms/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gelatinases, serine-like proteinases, and proteinase inhibitors found in the aqueous humor may participate in the remodeling of extracellular matrices in the trabecular meshwork and other tissues bordering the anterior chamber.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago College of Medicine.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Twining
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaiya
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Higginbotham
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000201:enzymology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002364:Caseins; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005780:Gelatin; D006801:Humans; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000032:analysis*; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D005780:Gelatin; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases