title: Transforming growth factor-beta regulates the cell cycle status of interleukin-3 (IL-3) plus IL-1, stem cell factor, or IL-6 stimulated CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells through different cell kinetic mechanisms depending on the applied stimulus.
abstract: The immediate cell kinetic response of highly purified human bone marrow progenitor cells (CD34+ sorted fraction) to the inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) was studied using the BrdU-Hoechst flow-cytometric technique. The progenitor cells were stimulated with either interleukin-3 (IL-3) alone or with IL-3 in combination with IL-1, stem cell factor (SCF), or IL-6, and the inhibitory action of TGF-beta was evaluated in each phase of the first three consecutive cell cycles. Semisolid methylcellulose cultures were also performed to compare these initial events to the effects observed after 7, 14, and 21 days of incubation. Within the CD34+ compartment, the progenitor cells can be discriminated on a functional basis, i.e., in terms of TGF-beta sensitivity. Very primitive progenitors, recruited out of the G0 phase by IL-3 plus an early-acting factor (IL-1, SCF) are, upon addition of TGF-beta, arrested specifically in the G1 phase of the second cell cycle. In the clonogenic assays, the increased colony formation due to IL-1 or SCF was completely abolished by the counteracting effect of TGF-beta that diminished colony output back to the level of TGF-beta-plus-IL-3 supplemented colony growth. Addition of TGF-beta to CD34+ progenitors responding to IL-3 alone resulted in an overall retardation, but without an apparent specific accumulation of cells in any of the cell cycles. Finally, within the CD34+ compartment, there exists a subset of IL-3-responsive, but TGF-beta-insensitive, progenitor cells that were, upon addition of TGF-beta, not arrested at all. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that TGF-beta exerts different cell kinetic effects on CD34+ progenitor cell growth depending on the applied stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp (UIA/UZA), Belgium.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lardon
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Snoeck
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nijs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenjou
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Peetermans
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodrigus
authors.forename: Z N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Berneman
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Van Bockstaele
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005453:Fluorescence; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007377:Interleukin-3; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta