title: Novel organic nitrates are potent dilators of large coronary arteries with reduced development of tolerance during long-term infusion in dogs: role of the sulfhydryl moiety.
abstract: The vasodilator action of organic nitrates can be severely impaired by induction of drug tolerance. A critical depletion of sulfhydryl groups has been proposed to play a key role in impairment of the biotransformation of organic nitrates to nitric oxide (NO). We studied the effects of the new cysteine-containing nitrate SPM-5185 and the corresponding cysteine-free compound SPM-4744 on hemodynamics and large coronary artery dilation in chronically instrumented conscious dogs. Both nitrates caused dose-dependent increases of the diameter of the left circumflex artery (LCX); the cysteine-containing compound SPM-5185 however, caused such increases at < or = 30-fold lower doses as compared with SPM-4744. Coinfusion of the cysteine-containing analogue of SPM-5185 lacking the nitrate group (SPM-5267) did not alter the dose-response relationship to SPM-4744. Continuous infusion of SPM-5185 (4 micrograms/kg/min, n = 6) and SPM-4744 (2.7 micrograms/kg/min, n = 5) elicited LCX diameter increases of 0.24 +/- 0.06 and 0.17 +/- 0.07 mm, respectively, representing 60-70% of maximal dilator capacity. In contrast to classic organic nitrates, both SPM-5185 and SPM-4744 caused LCX diameter to decrease only slightly during 5-day infusions. Both compounds elicited sustained dilation even at day 5 (p < or = 0.05). SPM-5185 caused an initial decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and evoked sustained increases in heart rate (HR), whereas SPM-4744 had no significant peripheral effects. On withdrawal of SPM-5185, LCX diameter was decreased below pretreatment values for several hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physiology, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zanzinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feelisch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bassenge
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D010421:Pentanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C089284:3-nitropivalic acid; D004151:Dipeptides; D010421:Pentanoic Acids; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C076992:N-nitratopivaloyl-S-(N'-acetylalanyl)-cysteine ethyl ester