title: Importance of prevention of intravenous thrombosis and preservation of the venous collateral flow in bridging vein injury during surgery: an experimental study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous infarction (cerebral edema and/or hemorrhage) may occur several hours after sacrifice of the bridging vein during surgery. However, in our experience, severe venous infarction is often produced by prolonged brain retraction in addition to sacrifice of the vein.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiment was carried out using 20 adult cats. In five cats, all bridging veins were coagulated near the superior sagittal sinus and 12 hours later the surgical wound was closed (group A). In five other cats, a round plate weighing 45 g was placed on the center of the Sylvian fissure for 12 hours and then the wound was closed (group B). In the remaining 10 cats, both of these interventions were performed (group C). All 20 animals were sacrificed 12 hours after the wound closure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degree of Evans-blue dye leakage and brain edema was much more marked in the group C than in groups A and B. The endothelial intactness of the bridging veins studied by staining with a factor VIII-related antigen was much more disturbed in group C than in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endothelium of the cortical veins is damaged much more by the combination of sacrifice of the vein and brain retraction, and this endothelial damage of the cortical vein leads to extensive venous infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakizaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema; D002415:Cats; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D005070:Evans Blue; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014680:Veins / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D005070:Evans Blue