title: Developmental changes in modulation of calcium currents of rabbit ventricular cells by phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously shown major differences in beta-adrenergic and muscarinic modulation of L-type calcium currents (ICa) in newborn and adult rabbit heart. However, little is known about developmental changes in modulation of ICa by phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which also regulate intracellular cAMP concentration by its hydrolysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enzymatically isolated adult and newborn (1- to 3-day-old) rabbit ventricular myocytes were used to study the effects of PDE inhibitors on ICa measured by the whole-cell patch-clamp method. 3-Isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX), a nonselective PDE inhibitor, increased ICa in a dose-dependent manner for both groups. The maximal effect of IBMX, expressed as percentage increase in ICa over control levels, was greater for newborn myocytes than for adult myocytes, but the effects of IBMX applied alone were observed only at concentrations > 10 mumol/L. The concomitant use of 0.1 mumol/L isoproterenol produced a significant potentiation of the IBMX effect on ICa, with a significant additive effect of IBMX in newborn myocytes even at 0.05 mumol/L IBMX. The concomitant use of a subthreshold concentration of IBMX (0.1 mumol/L) did not potentiate the dose dependence of adult ICa on isoproterenol but did markedly potentiate the dose dependence of newborn ICa on isoproterenol. The Emax and EC50 of isoproterenol in the presence of 0.1 mumol/L IBMX on newborn ICa were 235% and 8 nmol/L, respectively, whereas the Emax and EC50 of isoproterenol in the absence of IBMX on newborn ICa were 111% and 81 nmol/L, respectively. The addition of 50 mumol/L IBMX to 10 mumol/L isoproterenol markedly increased the newborn ICa density up to a level equivalent to that reached with 200 mumol/L cAMP in the pipette (14.9 +/- 1.2 versus 13.4 +/- 0.7 pA/pF). Our data suggest that the inhibition constant (Ki) of IBMX for inhibiting PDEs that participate in the regulation of ICa is much lower in newborn than in adult myocytes. Milrinone 1 mumol/L, a selective PDE III inhibitor, increased the 0.1 mumol/L isoproterenol-stimulated ICa of adult myocytes but had no significant additive effect for the 0.1 mumol/L isoproterenol-stimulated ICa of newborn myocytes. Rolipram 1 mumol/L, a selective PDE IV inhibitor, increased the 0.1 mumol/L isoproterenol-stimulated ICa for newborn myocytes but had no significant additive effect for the 0.1 mumol/L isoproterenol-stimulated ICa for adult myocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the most important PDE isozyme for regulation of ICa of rabbit myocytes changes from PDE IV to PDE III during the postnatal period.
authors.affiliation: Todd Franklin Cardiac Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hartzell
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020105:Milrinone; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011728:Pyridones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D020889:Rolipram; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011728:Pyridones; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D020105:Milrinone; D020889:Rolipram; D007545:Isoproterenol; D002118:Calcium; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine