title: The B7 and CD28 receptor families.
abstract: Current evidence suggests that T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of antigen bound to the major histocompatibility complex (Ag-MHC) is insufficient to lead to T-cell proliferation or effector function. For a helper T cell to produce sufficient interleukin 2 (IL-2) to allow autocrine-driven clonal expansion, there is a requirement for so-called 'co-stimulatory' or 'accessory' signals in addition to TCR ligation by Ag-MHC. The interaction of the CD28 receptor on T cells with B7 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) supplies one such co-stimulatory signal. However, the recent discovery that CD28 and B7 are each members of larger gene families suggests that the regulation of co-stimulation is more complex than previously imagined. Here, Carl June and colleagues highlight recent advances in the understanding of the CD28 and B7 receptor families.
authors.affiliation: Immune Cell Biology Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: June
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bluestone
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nadler
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000737:chemistry; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D000069594:Abatacept; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)