title: Unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: percutaneous versus operative palliation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several nonoperative and operative options are available for palliation of patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. This retrospective analysis compares the results of nonoperative percutaneous stenting and operative palliation in 65 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients were managed with percutaneous biliary stents (group A), and 44 patients underwent laparotomy (group B) with placement of large-bore silicone rubber transhepatic stents in 33. The two groups were similar with respect to age, gender, mean laboratory data, and cholangiographic extent of tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group A and group B patients were comparable in hospital morbidity (67% vs 61%), hospital mortality (14% vs 7%), and mean initial hospital stay (27 vs 31 days). Survival was greater in group B laparotomy patients at 1, 3, and 6 months (p < 0.01), and median survival was 5 months for group A compared with 8 months for group B patients (p = 0.06). Group A patients who were managed with percutaneous stents required more stent changes per month of survival (0.5 vs 0.3, p = 0.06). However, group B patients who underwent operative palliation were more likely to undergo a second operation (0% vs 21%, p = 0.05), most often for duodenal or small-bowel obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Operative placement of large-bore transhepatic stents may reduce cholangitis, delay hepatic failure, and prolong survival. We conclude that patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma who are fit for surgery may benefit from operative palliation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md.
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Nordback
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Venbrux
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Yeu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate