title: How to use prostate-specific antigen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most effective analyte for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring prostatic carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews what PSA is and how it can be used to detect clinically significant carcinomas as well as its application in managing patients after radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and androgen deprivation therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSA screening results in increased detection of localized disease. In individual patients a serum PSA level is not a good indicator of pathologic stage; however, a serum PSA level of greater than 10 ng/mL is associated with a higher incidence of extracapsular disease. Asymptomatic patients with newly diagnosed untreated prostate cancer and a serum PSA level less than 10 ng/mL do not need to undergo staging radionuclide bone scan. Elevated serum PSA is generally the first indicator of "persistent disease" after radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. In androgen deprivation the PSA nadir is an important indicator of response to therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSA is the most accurate tumor marker in oncology. This analyte can be successfully used to diagnose, stage, and monitor prostatic carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Ploch
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Brawer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen