title: Direct in vivo gene transfer and expression in malignant cells using adenovirus vectors.
abstract: To evaluate the ability of replication-deficient, recombinant adenovirus vectors to transfer genes to human tumor cells in vivo, adenovirus vectors containing the Escherichia coli lacZ (Ad.RSV beta gal) gene (coding for beta-galactosidase; used as a cell marker for gene transfer) or the human alpha 1-antitrypsin (Ad-alpha 1AT) cDNA (used as an example of a secreted protein) were administered intraperitoneally to nude mice with human malignant mesothelioma cell (H-MESO-1) malignant ascites. Preliminary in vitro studies showed that both vectors effectively transferred genes to H-MESO-1 cells. Tumor cells recovered from ascites of animals intraperitoneally administered a control adenovirus revealed no evidence of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) activity 3 or 14 days later. In contrast, beta-gal activity was detected at the same time points in tumor cells from animals receiving intraperitoneal Ad.RSV beta gal. Flow cytometric quantification of beta-gal activity in recovered cells showed < 3% beta-gal-positive cells in animals administered control virus, but in animals administered intraperitoneal Ad.RSV beta gal there was a mean of 71 +/- 18% positive cells at 3 days and 56 +/- 27% at 14 days. Human alpha 1AT was not detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in ascites of animals receiving a control virus; however, in ascites of animals administered Ad-alpha 1AT, 21,000 +/- 3,800 ng/ml of human alpha 1AT was detected at 3 days and 4,900 +/- 1,700 ng/ml at 14 days. These data demonstrate that replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vectors can be used to transfer genes to malignant cells in vivo and suggest a new strategy for genetic modification for antitumor therapy.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wersto
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Crystal
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001201:Ascites; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D003673:Defective Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C505032:CFTR protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D001616:beta-Galactosidase