title: Why do we not yet have a suitable vaccine against cholera?
abstract: The available options, past and present, of cholera vaccines have been summarized above. It is saddening but clear that, more than a century after the introduction of the first cholera vaccine, we still do not have available a suitable vaccine against cholera. The currently raging and expanding new epidemic of cholera in the Western hemisphere dramatically illustrates anew the need, although a new illustration is not necessary if one but considers the innumerable, but unnecessary, victims of cholera of the past which could have been prevented had a suitable vaccine been available earlier. Indeed, it should also be clear from this review that a suitable vaccine against cholera still eludes us and will for an additional period of time. Cholera, a disease of humans only, can be controlled by prevention of human to human transmission, i.e., by universal availability of appropriate sewage disposal and clean water--an expensive solution, but one which will also reduce the toll of the other diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Short of this, we should not be diverted by less than a highly effective, and economical vaccine. The "bottleneck" resides in the difficulty of getting from the laboratory to the field: the essential, and most efficient, intermediate step being the testing of candidate vaccines in volunteers--laboratory animal models do not suffice. Cholera is now, especially under controlled conditions, a perfectly treatable disease. Additional volunteer centers, and studies in volunteers, are essential to the solution of the cholera problem in the near future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65212, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002771:Cholera / Q000266:history / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D022121:Cholera Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000266:history / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D014121:Toxoids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D014121:Toxoids; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; C038458:cholera toxoid; D002772:Cholera Toxin