title: Detection of human leukocyte antigen class I messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts in human spermatozoa via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I messenger RNA (mRNA) is present in mature human spermatozoa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mature human spermatozoa was isolated from donor semen using a swim-up technique. Total RNA was extracted via guanidinium isothiocyanate-cesium chloride ultracentrifugation. By the method previously validated in our laboratory, reverse transcription-PCR was performed using primers specific for HLA class I transcripts. Positive control cells included a choriocarcinoma cell line (JEG) and human fetal tissue. Transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were used as a negative control for somatic cellular contamination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human spermatozoa were positive for HLA class I (-G and -B) mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR, consistent with the positive controls. We did not detect any mRNA for beta-actin, retinoblastoma (RB), CD4, or kappa light chain genes in the sperm complementary DNA samples, verifying that the class I mRNA detected was not due to somatic cellular contamination of the purified sperm samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiments provide the first evidence that mRNA for HLA class I molecules are present in mature human spermatozoa. The physiological role of these transcripts is unknown at present. Further experiments characterizing the expression of HLA class I (-G and -B) mRNA in oocytes and preimplantation embryos are in progress.
authors.affiliation: California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco 94904.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Steuerwald
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Main
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinleitner
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D006680:HLA Antigens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase