title: Chemohormonal and immunohormonal approaches in advanced prostatic carcinoma.
abstract: The standard palliative treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer has for the past 50 years been androgen withdrawal. However, owing to the presence of hormone-insensitive cell clones, the benefits of this approach have now appeared to reach their optimum. It is now generally believed that further major therapeutic advances in the treatment of prostate cancer are unlikely, unless consideration is given to these hormonally independent cells. Two possible alternative strategies which address this problem are chemohormonal and immunohormonal approaches, both of which are discussed in detail in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pummer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehnert
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Seewann
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007372:Interferons