title: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of procainamide in horses after intravenous administration.
abstract: Six horses were administered either 15 or 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) procainamide (PA) as an intravenous (i.v.) dose over 10 min. The plasma concentrations of PA and N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) as well as the pharmacodynamic effect (prolongation of the QT interval) were monitored. The PA plasma concentrations could be described by a one-compartment model with a t1/2 of 3.49 +/- 0.61 h. The total body clearance of PA was 0.395 +/- 0.090 l/hr/kg and the volume of distribution was 1.93 +/- 0.27 l/kg. As observed after PA administration, NAPA (an active metabolite) had a t1/2 longer than PA of 6.31 +/- 1.49 h. Peak NAPA concentrations (1.91 +/- 0.51 micrograms/ml) occurred at 5.2 h after the PA i.v. dose. The ratio of area under the curves for NAPA to PA was 0.46 +/- 0.15 which is similar to that expected in humans classified as slow acetylators. Percentage change in the QT interval was examined with respect to PA and PA + NAPA plasma concentrations. For PA, % delta QT = 41.2 log (PA) - 13.26 and correlations (r) ranged from 0.77 to 0.91 among the horses. In the case of PA+ NAPA, % delta QT = 57.3 log (PA + NAPA) - 31.83 and ranged from 0.77 to 0.90. No evidence of toxicity was noted with respect to changes in the PR interval.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacal Science, School of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama 36849.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Ravis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malloy
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Smyth
mesh_terms: D000120:Acecainide / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D016231:Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D006207:Half-Life; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D011342:Procainamide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000120:Acecainide; D011342:Procainamide