title: Localization of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and colocalization of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A messenger ribonucleic acid and eosinophil granule major basic protein messenger ribonucleic acid in placenta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP), a 13.8 kilodalton cationic polypeptide constituting the core of the eosinophil granule, is cytotoxic to parasites and numerous mammalian cells. Concentrations of a molecule immunochemically similar to eosinophil granule MBP are present in maternal plasma, and MBP mRNA has been localized to placental X cells by in situ hybridization. Eosinophil granule MBP is initially translated as a nontoxic precursor (proMBP), containing a 9.9 kilodalton acidic pro-portion that is believed to neutralize MBP toxicity. Recent analyses of sera from pregnant women have revealed that pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), previously thought to be a homotetramer of PAPP-A subunits, is actually composed of PAPP-A subunits bound by disulfide bonds to equimolar amounts of proMBP molecules to form a complex, PAPP-A/proMBP. In addition, the PAPP-A subunit nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence have been determined from cloned cDNA. The PAPP-A monomer found in plasma contains 1547 amino acid residues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Because of the new evidence that PAPP-A is complexed with proMBP, previous studies on the localization of PAPP-A using antibodies to PAPP-A must be questioned. To determine the localization of the PAPP-A subunit, immunofluorescence was performed on normal placental tissues using proMBP absorbed anti-PAPP-A antibody. Furthermore, the expression of PAPP-A mRNA was investigated by in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunofluorescence staining with proMBP absorbed anti-PAPP-A antibody showed that PAPP-A is localized to placental septa, anchoring villi, and the syncytia of chorionic villi, whereas MBP is localized only to septa and anchoring villi. By in situ hybridization, PAPP-A mRNA is detected in placental X cells and syncytiotrophoblasts, but MBP mRNA is localized only to placental X cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of PAPP-A mRNA and PAPP-A subunit protein in placental X cells and syncytiotrophoblasts indicates that both X cells and syncytiotrophoblasts synthesize the PAPP-A subunit, whereas only X cells synthesize proMBP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonno
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oxvig
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kephart
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sottrup-Jensen
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gleich
mesh_terms: D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D012260:Ribonucleases
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012260:Ribonucleases; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A