Unanticipated benefits of automotive emission control: reduction in fatalities by motor vehicle exhaust gas.
In 1970, before the implementation of strict controls on emissions in motor vehicle exhaust gas (MVEG), the annual USA incidence of fatal accidents by carbon monoxide in the MVEG was approximately 800 and that of suicides approximately 2000 (somewhat less than 10% of total suicides). In 1987, there were approximately 400 fatal accidents and approximately 2700 suicides by MVEG. Accounting for the growth in population and vehicle registration, the yearly lives saved in accidents by MVEG were approximately 1200 in 1987 and avoided suicides approximately 1400. The decrease in accidents continues unabated while the decrease in expected suicides by MVEG reached a plateau in 1981-1983. The reasons for this disparity are discussed. Juxtaposition of these results with the projected cancer risk avoidance of less than 500 annually in 2005 (as compared with 1986) plainly shows that, in terms of mortality, the unanticipated benefits of emission control far overshadow the intended benefits. With the spread of MVEG control these benefits will accrue worldwide.
Shelef
M
M
Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI 48121.
D000059:Accidents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002249:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000009:adverse effects*
D001335:Vehicle Emissions