title: Treatment of alloimmune neonatal neutropenia with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: Despite numerous attempts to increase the neutrophil count of infants with alloimmune neonatal neutropenia, no therapy has been consistently effective. We describe two infants with alloimmune neutropenia who had a rapid and prolonged increase in neutrophil number after treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Patient 1 had antibody directed against the neutrophil antigen NA2. He received three daily doses of G-CSF, and within 2 days his neutrophil count increased from 0.350 x 10(9) to 3.584 x 10(9)/L (350 to 3584/mm3). Despite cessation of treatment the neutrophil count remained in the normal range. Patient 2 had antibody to the neutrophil antigen NA1, and received six daily doses of G-CSF. Within 4 days his neutrophil count increased from 0.477 x 10(9) to 4.320 x 10(9)/L (477 to 4320/mm3) and remained in the normal range for 11 days after the last dose of G-CSF. We recommend that treatment with G-CSF be considered for selected infants with alloimmune neutropenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York 14642.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stroncek
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Korones
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015788:HLA-A1 Antigen / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015788:HLA-A1 Antigen; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007519:Isoantigens; C067704:neutrophil-specific antigen NA1, human; C072753:neutrophil-specific antigen NA2; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor