title: Characterization and functional analysis of the expression of vascular adhesion molecules in human papillomavirus-related disease of the cervix.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is associated with changes in local immune cell populations, although the role of vascular adhesion molecules in mediating such changes by controlling the traffic of mononuclear cells to the cervix has not been investigated previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of three vascular adhesion molecules--ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin--in the normal cervix and in biopsies of CIN Grade 1 (CIN-1) (low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [LG-SIL]) and CIN-2/3 (high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions[HG-SIL]). In addition, the authors examined the functional role of these molecules by adapting the frozen section adhesion assay of Stamper and Woodruff to investigate in vitro the molecular basis of the interaction between cervical endothelial cells and activated T-lymphocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas there was no difference in adhesion molecule expression between normal cervix and CIN-1 (LG-SIL), all three molecules investigated were significantly up-regulated in CIN-2/3 (HG-SIL), an observation that correlated with an enhanced ability of stromal endothelial cells in CIN-2/3 (HG-SIL) biopsies to bind activated peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Monoclonal antibodies blocking ICAM-1 function were able to reduce such adhesion significantly in three of three experiments, and antibodies blocking VCAM-1 produced a significant reduction in one of three experiments. No inhibition was seen with antibodies against E-selectin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhanced expression of vascular adhesion molecules in CIN-2/3 (HG-SIL) appears to be functionally important in enabling the local recruitment of immunocompetent cells and supports the notion of a local antineoplastic immune response in high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stanley
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000276:immunology; D019040:E-Selectin; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1