title: Characterization of binding and TNF-alpha-inducing ability of chitosans on monocytes: the involvement of CD14.
abstract: Chitosans with different chemical composition were found to induce TNF-alpha production from human monocytes. Their ability to induce TNF-alpha was found to be highly dependent on neutral-solubility and molecular weight. Monoclonal antibodies against CD14 inhibited TNF-alpha production from monocytes stimulated with neutral-soluble chitosans. Binding studies indicated that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and neutral-soluble chitosans share a binding site on monocytes which involves CD14. TNF-alpha production from monocytes stimulated with chitosans was dependent on serum. LPS-binding protein (LBP) enhanced the chitosan-induced TNF-alpha production only to a minor degree, suggesting that serum proteins other than LBP play an important role in the stimulatory effect.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, University of Trondheim, University Medical Centre (MTS), Norway.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otterlei
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Vårum
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Espevik
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan; D033364:Decapoda; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein