title: Cholangiography of icteric type hepatoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Icteric type hepatoma caused by floating tumor debris in the major bile duct was rare. Such cases were often incorrectly identified as biliary carcinoma or choledocholithiasis until pathological proof. The goal of this study was to analyze the cholangiograms of icteric type hepatomas, and to identify the characteristic cholangiographic features of this rare disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 20 cholangiographies of icteric type hepatomas during a 10-yr period was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 15 males and five females in this series. Seventeen (85%) patients were hepatitis B virus carriers, and liver cirrhosis was detected in 16 (80%) patients. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in 13 (65%) of the patients were over 400 ng/ml. The cholangiographic findings included: 1) intraductal filling defects resulting in partial or complete obstruction and ductal dilation in 14 cases (70%), 2) abrupt complete obstruction of the common hepatic duct with an irregular cut surface in three cases (15%), and 3) tumor encasement and stricture of the biliary system in three cases (15%). Management of these patients included hepatic resection, choledochotomies with T tube stenting, or PTCD. Most of them died within one-half year after diagnosis, but one patient in our series, who received hepatic resection, survived more than 70 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to recognize this group of patients. Because with proper management, good palliation or cure is possible. The cholangiographic appearances, when taken alone, are not diagnostic of icteric type hepatomas. Once these cholangiograms are seen in patients with associated risks of developing a hepatoma, such as liver cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein, however, an icteric type hepatoma should be suspected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin Kou Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D002353:Carrier State / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002758:Cholangiography; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006500:Hepatic Duct, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins