title: Long-term effects of alpha-interferon therapy for type II mixed cryoglobulinemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several reports showed that mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is closely associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Since several authors reported the efficacy of alpha-interferon in the treatment of MC, we investigated the long-term effects of this drug on clinical, hematological and virological parameters in a group of 18 patients (13 women and 5 men, mean age 56 +/- 11 years) affected by MC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A bone marrow biopsy was performed in all patients, and a liver biopsy was obtained in those with biochemical signs of chronic liver disease. The presence of HCV-RNA in serum was assessed by detection of anti-HCV antibodies and by PCR amplification of the 5' untranslated region of HCV. All patients followed the same treatment schedule: three million units of recombinant interferon alpha-2b s.c., three times a week for 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 5 cases bone marrow histology showed the presence of a monoclonal lymphocytic infiltrate. Liver biopsies were performed in 13 (72%) of the patients and a chronic liver disease was found in all 13. Anti-HCV antibodies were present in 17 (95%) subjects. HCV-RNA was detected in all cases (100%) before therapy. Five (28%) patients achieved a complete response and 9 (50%) a partial response, while the others (4 cases, 22%) showed minor responses. Four patients cleared the virus and obtained a complete remission of the MC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCV may be a cause of MC. The disease is associated with a high incidence of monoclonal lymphocytic infiltrate of the bone marrow. Alpha-interferon seems to be an effective agent for the treatment of MC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzaro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pozzato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crovatto
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Modolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral