title: Up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene expression together with NOS activity in the rat hypothalamo-hypophysial system after chronic salt loading: evidence of a neuromodulatory role of nitric oxide in arginine vasopressin and oxytocin secretion.
abstract: Chronic salt loading up-regulated the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus with a concomitant increase in NOS activity in the posterior pituitary. Once daily ip injection of N-omega-nitroarginine (N-Arg), a NOS inhibitor, significantly inhibited NOS activity in the posterior pituitary in a dose-dependent manner, but did not influence NOS mRNA levels. Two percent salt loading for 3 or 4 days significantly depleted the contents of both arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) in the posterior pituitary, and simultaneous treatment with daily injections of N-Arg at a dose of 10 mg/kg significantly enhanced the depletion of both AVP and OT. This effect was dose dependent and paralleled the inhibition of NOS activity in the posterior pituitary. N-Arg treatment had no effect on the levels of both AVP and OT transcripts in PVN or SON. These results suggest that NOS gene expression in the SON and PVN of the rat hypothalamus is increased during hyperosmotic stimulation and suggest a neuromodulatory role for NO in the rat hypothalamo-hypophysial system as an inhibitory regulator of AVP and OT secretion.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Molecular Neuroscience Group, Agriculture and Food Research Council Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Emson
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D010121:Oxytocin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase