title: Clinical teratology counseling and consultation case report: two distinct anterior neural tube defects in a human fetus: evidence for an intermittent pattern of neural tube closure.
abstract: Human neural tube closure is believed to be a continuous process that begins in the cervical region and progresses both rostrally and caudally. In contrast, an intermittent pattern of anterior neural tube closure has been demonstrated in rodents. Based on individual case photographs, a similar pattern of anterior neural tube closure, with multiple sites of closure, may also exist in humans. We report a human fetus with two distinct anterior neural tube defects separated by a cutaneous and mesenchymal bridge. The two defects occurred within distinct closure sites predicted by the murine model, one falling within closure II and the second within closure IV. Although one defect had adherent amniotic bands, evidence is presented to support a primary dysraphy rather than disruption from an amniotic band. This case provides further evidence supporting an intermittent pattern of anterior neural tube closure in human embryogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Busam
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Golden
mesh_terms: D000032:Abortion, Therapeutic; D000328:Adult; D000757:Anencephaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D014463:Ultrasonography; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins