title: Separation of oxidant-initiated and redox-regulated steps in the NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway.
abstract: Studies presented here show that overall NF-kappa B signal transduction begins with a parallel series of stimuli-specific pathways through which cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha), oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and mitomycin C), and phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) individually initiate signaling. These initial pathways culminate in a common pathway through which all of the stimulating agents ultimately signal NF-kappa B activation. We distinguish the stimuli-specific pathways by showing that the oxidative stimuli trigger NF-kappa B activation in only one of two human T-cell lines (Wurzburg but not Jurkat), whereas tumor necrosis factor alpha and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate readily stimulate in both lines. We propose the common pathway as the simplest way of accounting for the common requirements and properties of the signaling pathway. We include a redox-regulatory mechanism(s) in this common pathway to account for the previously demonstrated redox regulation of NF-kappa B activation in Jurkat cells (in which oxidants don't activate NF-kappa B); we put tyrosine phosphorylation in the common pathway by showing that kinase activity (inhibitable by herbimycin A and tyrphostin 47) is required for NF-kappa B activation by all stimuli tested in both cell lines. Since internal sites of oxidant production have been shown to play a key role in the cytokine-stimulated activation of NF-kappa B, and since tyrosine kinase and phosphatase activities are known to be altered by oxidants, these findings suggest that intracellular redox status controls NF-kappa B activation by regulating tyrosine phosphorylation event(s) within the common step of the NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Staal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gitler
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Herzenberg
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Herzenberg
mesh_terms: D016227:Benzoquinones; D002460:Cell Line; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D015329:Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011809:Quinones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017828:Rifabutin; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; C020754:herbimycin; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate