title: Dopamine or transmitter release from rat carotid body may not be essential to hypoxic chemoreception.
abstract: In anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated rats, hypoxia or intracarotid cyanide excited the carotid chemoafferents, whereas intracarotid dopamine and tyramine inhibited the chemoafferent discharges. The inhibition was abolished by chlorpromazine without attenuating the hypoxic excitation. Comparably, the hypoxic excitation was not attenuated by the following: 1) inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with NG-nitro-L-arginine; 2) inhibition of heme oxygenase with zinc protoporphyrin IX; 3) antagonism of ATP receptors with reactive blue 2; 4) antagonism of cholinergic receptors with atropine or trimethaphan; 5) inactivation of adenosine with adenosine deaminase; and 6) blockade of glutamate receptors with kynurenate. Systemic administration of ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid, in doses reversibly blocking sympathetic ganglionic transmission, was also without effect. Cyanide microinjection (0.05-0.5 nmol) into the petrosal but not nodose ganglion elicited a rapid dose-dependent elevation of arterial pressure. We conclude that excitation of the chemoreceptor afferents by hypoxia/cyanide cannot be attributed to release of these agents nor to others by Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms. The results suggest that the afferent nerves themselves might function as oxygen detectors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002344:Carotid Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012966:Sodium Cyanide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D014439:Tyramine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D009584:Nitrogen; D012966:Sodium Cyanide; D002746:Chlorpromazine; D004298:Dopamine; D014439:Tyramine