title: Selective internal radiation therapy with intra-arterial iodine-131-Lipiodol in inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: From August 1990 to June 1993, 26 patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with intra-arterial iodine-131-Lipiodol (131I-L).
  
  
  METHODS
  Iodine-131-Lipiodol was given through either an implantable arterial port (9 patients) or during hepatic angiography (17 patients). All 26 patients had multiple lesions, 3 had involved resection margin after surgical resection and 1 had diffuse infiltrative lesions. The median size of the largest tumor among 22 patients with a measurable lesion was 4.5 cm (2-9.5 cm). The end points are tumor response in terms of tumor size, change in serum alpha-fetoprotein level, toxicity of treatment and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients received a single treatment of 1.11-2.22 GBq (30-60 mCi)131I-L. Three patients received 2.22-4.44 GBq (60-120 mCi)131I-L in three fractions. Considering both radiological regression and reduction in serum alpha-fetoprotein level as objective response criteria, the overall response rate was 52% (13 out of 25 patients with evaluable disease). Ten out of 15 patients who had raised alpha-fetoprotein levels had more than 50% reduction and 8 patients had more than 90% reduction in alpha-fetoprotein level. Since analysis, 19 patients have died and 7 remain alive, giving a minimum median survival of 6 mo (range 1.2-16.6 mo), with 4 surviving more than 1 yr calculated from the day of treatment. There was only one patient who had late deterioration of liver function compatible with radiation hepatitis. There was no bone marrow toxicity documented in any patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with intra-arterial 131I-L was well tolerated in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma and produced an objective response of 52% with median survival of 6 mo. A fractionated dose of 131I-L was feasible and the radiation dose could be escalated safely.
authors.affiliation: Joint Hepatoma Clinic, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metreweli
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D007459:Iodized Oil