title: Adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy for pathologic stage D1 adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective analysis of the results of an aggressive multimodal approach combining radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, or androgen deprivation therapy for patients with pathologic Stage D1 prostate carcinoma was performed to assess the impact of these therapies on survival, recurrence, local control, and morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case records of 76 patients with pathologic Stage D1 tumors were reviewed. All had radical retropubic prostatectomy and were recommended adjuvant therapy based on the pathologic extent of the primary tumor and the number of involved lymph nodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow-up of 7 years, overall survival was estimated to be 88% and 66% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, and equaled age- and race-matched controls. Prostate cancer-specific survival at 5 and 10 years was 88% and 74%, respectively. The probability of developing a clinically detectable recurrence (excluding prostate-specific antigen [PSA]) was 29% and 62% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. When PSA was added to the detection data, the probability of developing a recurrence increased to 58% and 78% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Recurrence and cause-specific survival correlated with Gleason sum. Univariate analysis of the adjuvant therapies demonstrated no effect on survival, but adjuvant radiation alone and in combination with androgen deprivation increased the time to recurrence. Local control was excellent, surgical morbidity was equivalent to that of all patients undergoing prostatectomy during the same time period, and the morbidity of adjuvant therapy was minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival equivalent to age- and race-matched controls, with excellent control of the extensive primary tumor, can be achieved in patients with Stage D1 prostate carcinoma by a combination of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy without the need for routine androgen deprivation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lieskovsky
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grossfeld
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Esrig
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Petrovich
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Groshen
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen