title: Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in clients of sexually transmitted disease clinics in North Carolina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The major routes of transmission for hepatitis C virus (HCV) appear to be blood transfusion and injecting drug use (IDU). There is still some controversy concerning the role of sexual transmission in HCV infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To use a well characterized, high-risk population of STD clinic patients to investigate the role of sexual transmission of HCV and to determine any association between HCV, HBV, and HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested stored sera obtained anonymously from clients attending three STD clinics in North Carolina in 1988 for antibodies to HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV). An anonymous, self-administered client questionnaire provided patient history and demographic information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most important risk factor for either HCV or HBV seropositivity was IDU. The only risk factor associated with HCV seropositivity after the removal of IDUs was age older than 30 years. In contrast, risk factors associated with HBV seropositivity after the removal of IDUs included male gender, age older than 30 years, HIV seropositivity, homosexuality/bisexuality, syphilis seropositivity, and a history of syphilis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study of STD clients confirms the important role that IDU plays in infection with HCV, but suggests that sexual transmission plays only a minor role in HCV epidemiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fiscus
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Battigelli
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Schoenbach
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wilber
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Van der Horst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D005260:Female; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies