title: Clinical and subclinical deficits at 8 years in a geographically defined cohort of low birthweight infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of subclinical deficits in cognitive and motor function in low birthweight infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children of birth weight < or = 2000 g born to mothers resident in Merseyside in 1980-1 assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the Neale analysis of reading ability, and the Stott-Moyes-Henderson test of motor impairment (TOMI). Children attending normal schools assessed with controls matched for age, sex, and class in school. Children attending special schools were assessed unmatched.
  
  
  METHODS
  233 matched index case-control pairs attending normal primary schools and 46 unmatched children attending special schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary and special schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  IQ score, reading age in months, and TOMI score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Index cases when compared with controls had a lower WISC score (mean IQ difference 8.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.8 to 10.7), a lower reading age (mean difference 6.5 months; 95% CI 4.0 to 9.0), and poorer motor performance as shown by the TOMI score (mean difference 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8). Of the children attending special schools, 23/46 (50%) had a WISC score < or = 50.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low birthweight children have significant subclinical deficits of cognitive and motor function and extra resources, especially in education, may be required to meet their needs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Liverpool.
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Pharoah
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000523:psychology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D011594:Psychometrics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors