title: Dephosphorylation of sperm midpiece antigens initiates aster formation in rabbit oocytes.
abstract: During fertilization in most mammals, the penetrating sperm organizes an aster of microtubules. We have investigated the mechanisms underlying this function of the sperm by a series of experiments based on microinjection of isolated sperm midpieces into unfertilized oocytes. These midpieces contain antigens recognized by the MPM-2 antibody. These antigens, which are absent from the rest of the tail fraction, correspond to three phosphorylated polypeptides of 77, 81, and 85 kDa. Dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase abolishes antigenicity on blots and in whole sperm. Reactivity to the antibody disappears between 1 and 3 hr after calcium stimulation of oocytes, following the decline in H1 kinase activity and coincident with aster formation. In unactivated oocytes, no aster forms and the antigen remains unchanged. MPM-2 treatment of midpieces prior to injection blocks their ability to form asters in oocytes activated by calcium stimulation. The epitope also disappears in 6-methyl-aminopurine-treated oocytes, implying that maintenance of the phosphorylated state requires kinase activity. A result that confirms this view is that sperm midpieces dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase can be rephosphorylated after injection into oocytes or by exposure in vitro to a Xenopus oocyte cytoplasmic fraction high in H1 kinase activity. We suggest that the microtubule nucleation activity of sperm midpieces after fertilization is triggered by the calcium-induced decrease in maturation promoting factor, which results in dephosphorylation of specific sperm centrosomal proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinto-Correia
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Poccia
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Robl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D015153:Blotting, Western; D000939:Epitopes / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008868:Microtubule Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000939:Epitopes; D008868:Microtubule Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins