title: Segmental restriction and target specificity of bullfrog preganglionic neurons that exhibit galanin-like immunoreactivity.
abstract: These experiments were designed to examine the distribution of galanin-like peptide immunoreactivity (GAL-IR) in bullfrog sympathetic preganglionic neurons and to identify the peripheral target organs affected by these neurons. Cells expressing GAL-IR were observed in the intermediolateral column of segments 7 and 8 only. Apparent GAL-IR innervation is present, but rare, in sympathetic chain ganglia. Double-labelling with retrogradely transported fast blue and galanin antiserum demonstrated that most GAL-IR neurons project via splanchnic nerves to innervate the adrenal gland, which receives a dense plexus of GAL-IR fibers surrounding chromaffin cells. The adrenal gland is also innervated by preganglionic neurons in segments 5 and 6 that do not express GAL-IR. Because nitric oxide is expressed in sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons in mammals (Anderson, C.R., Neurosci. Lett., 139 (1992) 280), we examined whether it is expressed in bullfrog preganglionic neurons. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase positive neurons are present in bullfrog spinal grey at segments 5 through 8. These neurons were not double-labelled with fast blue retrogradely transported from the sympathetic chain, celiac ganglion, or adrenal gland; nor were they double-labelled with GAL-antiserum. Thus nitric oxide is apparently not expressed in bullfrog sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peruzzi
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Forehand
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001339:Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004759:Enterochromaffin Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019004:Galanin; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011892:Rana catesbeiana; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019004:Galanin; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase