title: Phase II evaluation of oral estramustine and oral etoposide in hormone-refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estramustine and etoposide (VP-16) have been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells in experimental models. This led us to evaluate the effectiveness of this combination in the treatment of patients with metastatic prostate carcinoma refractory to hormone therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estramustine 15 mg/kg/d and VP-16 50 mg/m2/d, were administered orally in divided doses for 21 days. Patients were then taken off therapy for 7 days and the cycle then repeated. Therapy continued until evidence of disease progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two patients have been enrolled onto this trial with a minimum of 40 weeks follow-up. Of 18 patients with measurable soft tissue disease, three demonstrated a complete response (CR) and six a partial response (PR) for longer than 2 months. Of these 18 patients, pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels decreased by at least 75% in five men (28%) and by at least 50% in nine (50%). The median survival duration has not been reached in those patients who demonstrated a response either by soft tissue or PSA criteria. Of 24 patients with disease limited to bone, six (25%) demonstrated improvement and nine (38%) demonstrated stability in their bone scans. Five men (21%) demonstrated a decrease of at least 75% in pretreatment PSA levels and 14 (58%) demonstrated at least a 50% decrease; the median survival duration has not been reached in these patients. Pretreatment performance status is an important predictor of survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the combination of estramustine and VP-16 is an active oral regimen in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Meyer L. Prentis Comprehensive Cancer Center of Metropolitan Detroit, MI.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pienta
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Esper
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Flaherty
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000556:secondary; D004961:Estramustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D004961:Estramustine; D005047:Etoposide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen