title: Successful engraftment of T-cell-depleted haploidentical "three-loci" incompatible transplants in leukemia patients by addition of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells to bone marrow inoculum.
abstract: Patients who undergo transplantation with haploidentical "three-loci" mismatched T-cell-depleted bone marrow (BM) are at high risk for graft failure. To overcome the host-versus-graft barrier, we increased the size of the graft inoculum, which has been shown to be a major factor in controlling both immune rejection and stem cell competition in murine models. Seventeen patients (mean age, 23.2 years; range, 6 to 51 years) with end-stage chemoresistant leukemia were received transplants of a combination of BM with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells from HLA-haploidentical "three-loci" incompatible family members. The average concentration of colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage in the final inoculum was sevenfold to 10-fold greater than that found in BM alone. The sole graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of T-cell depletion of the graft by the soybean agglutination and E-rosetting technique. The conditioning regimen included total body irradiation in a single fraction at a fast dose rate, antithymocyte globulin, cyclophosphamide and thiotepa to provide both immunosuppression and myeloablation. One patient rejected the graft and the other 16 had early and sustained full donor-type engraftment. One patient who received a much greater quantity of T lymphocytes than any other patient died from grade IV acute GVHD. There were no other cases of GVHD > or = grade II. Nine patients died from transplant-related toxicity, 2 relapsed, and 6 patients are alive and event-free at a median follow-up of 230 days (range, 100 to 485 days). Our results show that a highly immunosuppressive and myeloablative conditioning followed by transplantation of a large number of stem cells depleted of T lymphocytes by soybean agglutination and E-rosetting technique has made transplantation of three HLA-antigen disparate grafts possible, with only rare cases of GVHD.
authors.affiliation: University of Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aversa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabilio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terenzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Falzetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iacucci
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zei
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gambelunghe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006239:Haplotypes; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006648:Histocompatibility; D006789:Host vs Graft Reaction; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor