title: In vitro effects of bicarbonate- versus lactate-buffered continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis fluids on peritoneal macrophage function.
abstract: At present, lactate is the most commonly used buffer in peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs). The high lactate concentration in combination with low original pH was demonstrated to suppress phagocytic function. We evaluated the in vitro effects of a newly formulated bicarbonate-buffered PDF containing glycylglycine (BiGG15 and BiGG40; Pierre Fabre Medicament, Castres, France) on peritoneal macrophage (PMO) function, and compared them with those of equiosmolar lactate-buffered PDF (1.5% and 4.25% glucose; pH 5.4 and pH 7.4) and control buffer. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from the effluents of 10 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients and tested for luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, superoxide (O2-) generation measured by cytochrome c reduction, killing capacity, and phagocytosis after incubation in the PDF used. Exposure of PMO to lactate-buffered PDF with an original pH of 5.4 resulted in a significant suppression of all PMO functions measured, compared with bicarbonate- and lactate-buffered PDFs with a pH of 7.4. At physiological pH (7.4), chemiluminescence generation of PMO exposed to BiGG15/40 was significantly higher compared with the corresponding equiosmolar lactate-buffered PDF (1,992 +/- 858 x 10(3) cpm/10(4) cells v 856 +/- 398 x 10(3) cpm/10(4) cells; P < 0.004). O2- generation, killing capacity, and phagocytosis were not significantly different after PMO exposure to bicarbonate compared with exposure to lactate-buffered PDF with a neutral pH. Irrespective of the buffer used, high-osmolality PDFs suppressed PMO function significantly more than low-osmolar PDFs. In conclusion, bicarbonate-buffered PDFs are less detrimental to PMO function than lactate-containing PDFs; these preliminary in vitro results need to be confirmed in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hübel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatzidis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mettang
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
mesh_terms: D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D007773:Lactates; D013481:Superoxides