title: Photomutagenesis test development: I. 8-Methoxypsoralen, chlorpromazine and sunscreen compounds in bacterial and yeast assays.
abstract: Two in vitro genotoxicity tests have been adapted to the evaluation of photomutagenic activity of test compounds. The study was initiated to obtain an experimental basis relating to newly proposed guidelines of the EC which request the screening of UV-absorbing compounds, for example, those employed in sunscreen preparations, for their photomutagenic potential. The well established photomutagens 8-methoxypsoralen and chlorpromazine were used to define relevant test protocols. The compounds were evaluated with the Ames test and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 test for gene conversion. The influence of various parameters such as UV light sources, spectral composition, UV sensitivity of the test systems, absorbance by test materials and different exposure conditions is indicated. Two exemplary screening experiments with cosmetic ingredients are presented. Both test systems can be employed for the evaluation of compounds for photomutagenic activity although the standard excision-deficient strains of S. typhimurium pose problems because of their high UV sensitivity. The present experience in this complex field suggests that rigid test protocols and a restrictive test battery would be inadequate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chételat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albertini
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dresp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gocke
mesh_terms: D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008730:Methoxsalen / Q000633:toxicity*; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000528:radiation effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D002746:Chlorpromazine; D008730:Methoxsalen