title: Growth factors controlling interleukin-4 action on hematopoietic progenitors.
abstract: We investigated the effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on human hematopoietic progenitors using low-density bone marrow cells from 29 hematologically normal donors. We found that IL-4 could either inhibit or stimulate cell growth, depending upon the other constituents of the culture medium. At concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 micrograms/ml, it significantly inhibited colony-forming units granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) in the presence of either fetal calf serum alone, erythropoietin, leukocyte-conditioned medium prepared with phytohemagglutinin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), or stem cell factor (SCF), in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, IL-4 stimulated CFU-GM colony multiplication in the presence of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Similar but less significant inhibitory effects were exerted by IL-4 on burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E). The growth-suppressive effect of IL-4 was partially reversed by IL-1 beta, and to a lesser extent by IL-6. When tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), IL-4 suppressed cellular IL-1 beta production, and, similar to IL-4, anti-IL-1 beta-neutralizing antibodies inhibited CFU-GM colony growth, suggesting that the inhibition of endogenous IL-1 beta is a factor in regulating the IL-4 effect. Furthermore, in the absence of exogenous growth factors, IL-4 inhibited CFU-GM colony growth when anti-G-CSF neutralizing antibodies were also present. Therefore, we tested the effect of IL-4 on G-CSF receptors and found that 6- or 24-h incubation of low-density marrow cells with 1.0 microgram/ml IL-4 resulted in up-regulation of G-CSF receptors. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-4 possesses a dual modulatory role in the hematopoietic system via interaction with various cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Investigation, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrajoli
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Zipf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talpaz
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Estrov
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016188:Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016188:Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015847:Interleukin-4