Cancer risk of air pollution: epidemiological evidence.
Epidemiological studies on the effect of urban air pollution on lung cancer were surveyed. Overall, the studies from many countries point to a smoking-adjusted risk in urban areas over countryside areas that is higher by a factor of up to 1.5. The extent to which urban air pollution contributes to this excess remains unknown. Studies on diesel-exposed occupational groups show that urban air pollution may have a causative role in lung cancer. Model calculations on unit risk factors of known human carcinogens were carried out to rank carcinogens according to their current ambient air concentrations.
Hemminki
K
K
Center for Nutrition and Toxicology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Pershagen
G
G
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014504:Urban Health; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000009:adverse effects
D000393:Air Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions