title: Very low maternal serum chorionic gonadotropin levels in association with fetal triploidy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify the parental origin of the extra haploid set of chromosomes in triploid pregnancies and to correlate the parental origin to very low levels of human chorionic gonadotropin and unconjugated estriol levels (multiple of the median < or = 0.20) and normal alpha-fetoprotein levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three triploid pregnancies were ascertained retrospectively, and three pregnancies were identified prospectively. Maternal sera samples were analyzed for levels of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol. Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis was performed on parental bloods and fetal fibroblasts in two prospectively identified pregnancies to establish the parental origin of the extra set of chromosomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of alpha-fetoprotein were normal in all pregnancies. Levels of human chorionic gonadotropin were very low in five of six of pregnancies, and unconjugated estriol levels were low in three of six pregnancies. Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis indicated maternal origin of the extra haploid set of chromosomes in two triploids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the extra haploid set of chromosomes are maternally derived, some triploid pregnancies exhibit very low levels of maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin and unconjugated estriol with normal levels of alpha-fetoprotein.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCaskill
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D004964:Estriol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011123:Polyploidy; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D005819:Genetic Markers; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D004964:Estriol