title: Leukemia inhibitory factor mediates an injury response but not a target-directed developmental transmitter switch in sympathetic neurons.
abstract: Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF; also known as cholinergic differentiation factor) is a multifunctional cytokine that affects neurons, as well as many other cell types. To examine its neuronal functions in vivo, we have used LIF-deficient mice. In culture, LIF alters the transmitter phenotype of sympathetic neurons, inducing cholinergic function, reducing noradrenergic function, and altering neuropeptide expression. In vivo, a noradrenergic to cholinergic switch occurs in the developing sweat gland innervation, and changes in neuropeptide phenotype occur in axotomized adult ganglia. We find that the gland innervation of LIF-deficient mice is indistinguishable from normal. In contrast, neuropeptide induction in ganglia cultured as explants or axotomized in situ is significantly suppressed in LIF-deficient mice. Thus, LIF plays a role in transmitter changes induced by axotomy but not by developmental interactions with sweat glands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Escary
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perreau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tresser
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Zigmond
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brulet
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Landis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D019004:Galanin; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000502:physiology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D008222:Lymphokines; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D015288:Neurokinin A; D019004:Galanin