Molecular cloning, structure, and chromosomal localization of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene.
Nitric oxide, a multifunctional effector molecule synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) from L-arginine, conveys signals for vasorelaxation, neurotransmission, and cytotoxicity. Three different NOS isoforms have been identified which fall into two distinct types, constitutive and inducible. The inducible NOS (iNOS) isoform is expressed in a variety of cell types and tissues in response to inflammatory agents and cytokines. The human iNOS (NOS2) gene was isolated on overlapping cosmid clones from a human genomic library using both the murine macrophage and the human hepatocyte iNOS cDNAs as probes. All isolated cosmids were part of a single genomic locus and no other genomic loci were identified or isolated. Analysis of this locus indicated that the human iNOS gene is approximately 37 kilobases in length and consists of 26 exons and 25 introns. Primer extension analysis of lipopolysaccharide and cytokine-stimulated human hepatocyte RNA mapped the transcriptional initiation site 30 base pairs downstream of a TATA sequence, and a 400-base pair 5'-flanking region was found to be structurally similar to the recently described murine iNOS promoter. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of a human/rodent genomic DNA somatic cell hybrid panel and fluorescent in situ hybridization indicated that the human iNOS gene is located on chromosome 17 at position 17cen-q11.2.
Chartrain
N A
NA
Department of Molecular Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065.
Geller
D A
DA
Koty
P P
PP
Sitrin
N F
NF
Nussler
A K
AK
Hoffman
E P
EP
Billiar
T R
TR
Hutchinson
N I
NI
Mudgett
J S
JS
D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005091:Exons; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015698:Genomic Library; D006801:Humans; D006822:Hybrid Cells; D007438:Introns; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012377:Rodentia; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012867:Skin / Q000201:enzymology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D017931:DNA Primers; D004247:DNA; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases