title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration to healthy volunteers: analysis of the immediate activating effects on circulating neutrophils.
abstract: In four healthy volunteers, we analyzed in detail the immediate in vivo effects on circulating neutrophils of subcutaneous administration of 300 micrograms of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Neutrophil activation was assessed by measurement of degranulation. Mobilization of secretory vesicles was shown by a decrease in leukocyte alkaline phosphatase content of the circulating neutrophils. Furthermore, shortly postinjection, Fc gamma RIII was found to be upregulated from an intracellular pool that we identified by immunoelectron microscopy as secretory vesicles. Intravascular release of specific granules was shown by increased plasma levels of lactoferrin and by upregulation of the expression of CD66b and CD11b on circulating neutrophils. Moreover, measurement of fourfold elevated plasma levels of elastase, bound to its physiologic inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin, indicated mobilization of azurophil granules. However, no expression of CD63, a marker of azurophil granules, was observed on circulating neutrophils. G-CSF--induced mobilization of secretory vesicles and specific granules could be mimicked in whole blood cultures in vitro, in contrast to release of azurophil granules. Therefore, we postulate that the most activated neutrophils leave the circulation, as observed shortly postinjection, and undergo subsequent stimulation in the endothelial microenvironment, resulting in mobilization of azurophil granules. Our data demonstrate that G-CSF should be regarded as a potent immediate activator of neutrophils in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Haas
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kerst
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: van der Schoot
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hack
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nuijens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: van Oers
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: von dem Borne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C069847:CD66 antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase