title: Biomarkers associated with prostate cancer progression.
abstract: In search of biomarkers that predict of human prostate cancer progression, we hypothesized that these markers must be expressed in prostatic epithelial cells during multi-step prostate carcinogenesis. Since both genetic and epigenetic factors have been implicated in human prostate cancer development, two osseous-metastatic experimental models were developed in our laboratory, one based on gene transfection and the other on stromal-epithelial interaction studies. In the genetic model, PC-3 cells transfected with point-mutated c-erbB-2/neu oncogene subsequently acquired the potential to metastasize from the prostate to soft tissues and the skeleton. In the epigenetic model, sublines derived from the parental androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line metastasized from the primary tumor to the lymph node and bone. Cells with known lineage relationships were cloned from both the primary and the metastatic tumors and were characterized extensively using cellular, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques. Relevant stage-specific biomarkers associated with prostate cancer progression in these two models were defined and used to evaluate human prostate tissues obtained from the clinic. In this communication, we focused our discussion on the potential importance of c-erbB-2/neu oncogene, vimentin, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and its receptor, c-met oncogene, tumor angiogenesis and neuroendocrine factors as biomarkers for human prostate cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Urology Research Laboratory, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Zhau
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pisters
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Troncoso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002460:Cell Line; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D015870:Gene Expression; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003094:Collagen; D006133:Growth Substances; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007633:Keratins; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D014746:Vimentin