title: Double dose-intensive chemotherapy with autologous marrow and peripheral-blood progenitor-cell support for metastatic breast cancer: a feasibility study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Twenty-seven percent of responding metastatic breast cancer patients remain progression-free a median 29 months following one intensification course of cyclophosphamide (6,000 mg/m2), thiotepa (500 mg/m2), and carboplatin (800 mg/m2) (CTCb) with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). European investigators report high complete response (CR) rates with melphalan for breast cancer. This trial studied the feasibility of two tandem high-dose intensification therapies in an attempt to optimize disease response and duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with at least partial responses (PRs) to induction therapy received melphalan (140 to 180 mg/m2), followed 24 hours later by chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral-blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) and subsequent G-CSF until WBC recovery. The women were monitored as outpatients. After recovery, patients were hospitalized for CTCb with marrow, PBPC, and G-CSF support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty women were assessable. Fourteen (70%) required admission for fever (10% infection) or mucositis (35%) after melphalan (median stay, 5 days). Median days of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 500/microL and platelet count less than 20,000/microL were 6 and 5.5, respectively. Patients received CTCb 25 days after starting melphalan and had a hospital stay of 25 days. After CTCb, median days of ANC less than 500/microL and platelet count less than 20,000/microL were 11.5 and 24, respectively. Grade 3 toxicities included venoocclusive disease (VOD) (10%), mucositis (45%), and infection (20%). Toxicities were reversible without mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With mobilized PBPCs and growth factors, double dose-intensive chemotherapy is feasible with acceptable toxicity. When compared with trials using marrow alone, these supportive adjuncts decrease sepsis and organ toxicity. The concepts of dose and dose-intensity may now be more effectively and safely studied in chemosensitive tumors, including breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ayash
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazanet
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tepler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001855:Bone Marrow Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013852:Thiotepa / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D013852:Thiotepa; D016190:Carboplatin