title: Human tumor-associated Le(a)-Le(x) hybrid carbohydrate antigen IV3(Gal beta 1-->3[Fuc alpha 1-->4]GlcNAc)III3FucnLc4 defined by monoclonal antibody 43-9F: enzymatic synthesis, structural characterization, and comparative reactivity with various antibodies.
abstract: Two Le(a)-cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were previously established which define complex tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. The first mAb, 43-9F, was raised against human squamous cell lung carcinoma and shows preferential reactivity with various human cancers over normal cells. Its tumor cell binding activity is best inhibited by a milk oligosaccharide characterized as Le(a)-Le(x) [Mårtensson, S., et al. (1988) Cancer Res. 48, 2125], Gal beta 1-->3[Fuc alpha 1-->4] GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4]Fuc alpha 1-->3]-GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4Glc (1). The second mAb, ST-421, was raised against human gastric cancer xenograft in nude mice and found to have strong tumor growth-suppressing activity in nude mice. The epitope recognized by ST-421 was chemically identified as Le(a)-Le(a), Gal beta 1-->3 [Fuc alpha 1-->4]GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1-->3-[Fuc alpha 1-->4] GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4Glc (2) [Stroud, M.R., et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 8439]. Both 43-9F and ST-421 cross-react with Le(a). Identification of the 43-9F antigen as structure 1 (Le(a)-Le(x)) is tentative since it was not based on isolation and chemical characterization of antigen from tumor cells or tissues. We therefore synthesized structure 1 starting from sialyl-nor-hexaosylceramide (VI3NeuAcnLc6), with sequential enzymatic hydrolysis by sialidase and beta-galactosidase followed by addition of beta 1-->3Gal with beta 1-->3 galactosyltransferase. This yielded the hybrid type 1/type 2 chain core structure IV3-(Gal beta 1-->3GlcNAc)nLc4, which was fucosylated with alpha 1-->3/4 fucosyltransferase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Biomembrane Institute, Seattle, Washington 98119.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stroud
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Levery
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mårtensson
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Salyan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hakomori
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D000939:Epitopes; D007983:Lewis Blood Group Antigens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D016256:Lewis X Antigen / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D000939:Epitopes; D007983:Lewis Blood Group Antigens; D016256:Lewis X Antigen