title: Increased incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage and developmental delay in cocaine-exposed, very low birth weight infants.
abstract: This study sought to determine whether very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (< 1500 gm) with fetal cocaine exposure differed from non-cocaine-exposed VLBW infants in incidence of neonatal medical complications and in later developmental outcome. Forty-one cocaine-exposed, VLBW infants, followed in a longitudinal study, were compared with 41 non-cocaine-exposed, VLBW infants of comparable race, social class, age, and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Cocaine-exposed infants were identified on the basis of combined findings of maternal and/or infant urine immunoassay and on the basis of maternal self-report. At birth, groups did not differ on medical risk factors except that cocaine-exposed infants had a higher incidence of mild (grades I to II) intraventricular hemorrhage. Cocaine-using women were also more likely to use other drugs, especially alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco. At follow-up, at mean corrected ages of 16.5 +/- 8 months for 30 cocaine-exposed infants and 18.5 +/- 7 months for 37 non-cocaine-exposed infants, standardized assessments of cognitive (Mental Development Index) and motor (Psychomotor Development Index) development were administered. Cocaine-exposed infants had lower mean cognitive (83 +/- 27 vs 91 +/- 19), and motor (85 +/- 25 vs 96 +/- 18) scores; the incidence of developmental delay was significantly higher even after control for the effects of intraventricular hemorrhage and chronologic age. Cocaine-exposed VLBW infants were also more likely to be living with relatives or in foster homes. We conclude that these VLBW, cocaine-exposed infants were at increased risk of intraventricular hemorrhage, were more likely to be placed outside maternal care, and had higher incidences of cognitive and motor delays at follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kliegman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine