title: Subcortical low intensity in early cortical ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe subcortical low intensity on T2- and proton density-weighted MR images in early cortical ischemia and to discuss a cause of these findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with early cortical ischemia were studied with proton density- and T2-weighted images, and T1-weighted images at 1.5 T. Gadolinium enhancement was added in six cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases there was high to intermediate intensity in the cortex and low intensity in the subcortical white matter (subcortex) on the proton density- and T2-weighted images. No significant signal abnormalities were shown on T1-weighted images in the subcortex; gyriform enhancement was seen in the affected cortex in all of the six patients studied with gadolinium. Of the four patients with follow-up MRs, the subcortical low intensity changed to high intensity in two and remained low in two patients in the chronic stage. Neither hemorrhage nor calcification was seen on CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iron accumulation in the subcortex caused by disruption of the axonal transportation and continuous production of free radicals caused by the hypoxic-ischemic state most likely reduces the signal intensity of the subcortex on the proton density- and T2-weighted images. The subcortical low intensity on the proton density- and T2-weighted images is an important diagnostic sign of early cortical ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizunuma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D007501:Iron