title: The spectrum of immunohistochemical staining of small-cell lung carcinoma in specimens from transbronchial and open-lung biopsies.
abstract: Immunohistochemistry is increasingly used as an aid in the diagnosis of small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Previous studies have investigated immunohistochemical staining of SCLC with small numbers of antibodies, but few have examined large series with a broad panel of antibodies. For this reason, the authors examined the distribution and intensity of staining of 20 open-lung biopsy (OLB) and 21 transbronchial biopsy (TBB) specimens of SCLC with a panel of epithelial, neuroendocrine, and hormonal markers. Small-cell lung carcinoma stained most frequently with epithelial markers, followed by neuroendocrine and hormonal markers. Similar percentages of OLB and TBB specimens stained for keratin (100% each) and epithelial membrane antigen (100% and 95%, respectively). Unexpectedly, BER-EP4 stained 100% of OLB specimens. Chromogranin A was the most frequent neuroendocrine marker in OLB and TBB specimens (60% and 47%, respectively) followed by neuron-specific enolase (60% and 33%), Leu-7 (40% and 24%), and synaptophysin (5% and 19%). No neuroendocrine immunohistochemical reactivity was found in 24% of TBB specimens and 20% of OLB specimens. Bombesin was the most sensitive hormonal marker (45% of OLB specimens). These results show that keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and BER-EP4 are reliable epithelial markers for SCLC in both TBB and OLB specimens. In addition, negative staining for neuroendocrine markers, because it can occur in as many as 25% of cases, should not deter the diagnosis of SCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary & Mediastinal Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Guinee
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Fishback
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Koss
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Abbondanzo
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Travis
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006728:Hormones