title: Immunohistochemical localization of gap junction protein channels in hamster sinoatrial node in correlation with electrophysiologic mapping of the pacemaker region.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gap junction proteins are thought to form the low resistance pathways that connect neighboring cells within the sinoatrial node, and to mediate pacemaker synchronization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have carried out microelectrode mapping experiments of the hamster sinoatrial region to localize the primary pacemaker area for subsequent light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopic studies aimed at testing the hypothesis that the major cardiac gap junction protein (connexin43) is present in such an area. The site of earliest activation is unifocal and the pattern of activation, obtained by multiple sequential microelectrode recordings of the sinoatrial region, is qualitatively similar to that previously described for other species. However, quantitatively, the impulse transmission time from the primary pacemaker area to the crista (sulcus) terminalis in the hamster sinoatrial node is about 50% briefer than that of the guinea pig and five times faster than that of the rabbit. Immunolocalization studies in the hamster sinoatrial node using anti-connexin43 antisera demonstrated specific staining at the areas of cell-to-cell apposition and suggested that the apparently high degree of electrical coupling in this tissue is the result of abundant connexin43 expression. The immunofluorescence data were supported by light microscopic studies, which demonstrated the typical morphologic characteristics of sinus nodal cells in the pacemaker area. In addition, an electron microscopic study of the sinoatrial region revealed the presence of gap junctions in the junctional complex at areas of cell-to-cell contact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that cells in the sinoatrial region of the hamster heart are electrically well coupled and strongly suggest that such coupling is mediated by gap junctional channels formed by connexin43.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse 13210.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trabka-Janik
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Coombs
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lemanski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delmar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jalife
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks; D006224:Cricetinae; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D007473:Ion Channels; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins