title: Blockade of the CD28 co-stimulatory pathway: a means to induce tolerance.
abstract: Presentation of antigen to the T-cell receptor (TCR) without co-stimulation results in a state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness on rechallenge, known as anergy in vitro and tolerance in vivo. Mounting evidence suggests that inhibition of the B7-CD28 co-stimulatory pathway is both necessary and sufficient to induce antigen-specific T-cell anergy. Anergy is not static because specific signals are required to maintain this state and prevent its reversal. Attention to these issues will be critical to translate these basic studies to the clinical arenas of transplantation, tumor immunity and autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Boussiotis
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gribben
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nadler
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D000069594:Abatacept