title: RETRACTED: Volume loading with hypertonic saline solution: endocrinologic and circulatory responses.
abstract: Hypertonic saline solution appears to be an attractive method of volume expansion. In 45 patients undergoing elective aorto-coronary bypass grafting, endocrinologic and circulatory responses to volume loading with hypertonic saline solution prepared in low molecular weight (MW) hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution (72 g/L NaCl, HES concentration: 6%; MW: 200,000 D; degree of substitution [DS]: 0.5) (HS-HES) was compared randomly to patients who had received low molecular weight HES solution (LMW-HES). A group of patients without volume loading served as a control. Volume was infused to double the low pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP < 5 mmHg) after induction of anesthesia. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), endothelin, vasopressin, and catecholamines were measured before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) until the first postoperative day. In addition to systemic circulatory changes, capillary skin blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. ANP plasma concentration increased in both volume groups (HS-HES: +79%; HES: +32%), whereas it decreased in the control (-20%). Infusion of HS-HES resulted in an increase in plasma endothelin concentration before and after CPB (from 3 to 6 pg/mL). Five hours after CPB, both treatment groups had higher endothelin plasma concentrations than the control patients (P < 0.05). Epinephrine and norepinephrine plasma levels increased most markedly in the control patients and were highest in the postbypass period in these patients. CI increased most after infusion of HS-HES (+65%) (P < 0.05). In the postbypass period, CI remained significantly higher in both volume groups than in the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boldt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knothe
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zickmann
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hammermann
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Stertmann
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hempelmann
mesh_terms: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001809:Blood Viscosity / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000502:physiology*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012964:Sodium; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine