title: Minimization of a polypeptide hormone.
abstract: A stepwise approach for reducing the size of a polypeptide hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), from 28 residues to 15 while retaining high biopotency is described. Systematic structural and functional analysis identified a discontinuous functional epitope for receptor binding and activation, most of which was placed onto a smaller ring (Cys6 to Cys17) that was created by repositioning the ANP native disulfide bond (Cys7 to Cys23). High affinity was subsequently restored by optimizing the remaining noncritical residues by means of phage display. Residues that flanked the mini-ring structure were then deleted in stages, and affinity losses were rectified by additional phage-sorting experiments. Thus, structural and functional data on hormones, coupled with phage display methods, can be used to shrink the hormones to moieties more amendable to small-molecule design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Protein Engineering, Genenteeh, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tom
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oare
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fairbrother
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D000939:Epitopes; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011487:Protein Conformation; D015202:Protein Engineering; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; C091715:atrial natriuretic factor receptor A; D006152:Cyclic GMP