title: Acute cholinergic blockade with low dose pirenzepine reduces the insulin and glucose responses to a mixed meal in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pirenzepine, a selective muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, reduces plasma insulin and plasma glucose responses to a mixed meal in a dose dependent fashion in normals and in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. We have studied the effects of pirenzepine on plasma insulin, plasma glucose, growth hormone (GH), androstenedione, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) responses to a mixed meal in obese clinically hyperandrogenic women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (BMI range 27.3-39.8 kg/m2) were studied in random sequence, and received either placebo or pirenzepine (single doses of 50, 100, or 200 mg) one hour before a standard test meal. Blood was sampled every 15 minutes for 2 hours after the meal and every 30 minutes thereafter for a total of 4 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean fasting plasma insulin concentrations were increased. Peak post-prandial plasma insulin concentrations were reduced significantly by all three doses used. Post-prandial integrated plasma insulin concentrations were reduced by the two higher doses. Peak post-prandial plasma glucose concentrations were also reduced. The late post-prandial GH surge was significantly suppressed by all three doses. However, plasma androstenedione, testosterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-1 concentrations were not significantly different when placebo was compared with pirenzepine 200 mg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute cholinergic muscarinic blockade with pirenzepine significantly reduces meal stimulated plasma insulin and plasma glucose concentrations in clinically hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The ability of pirenzepine to reduce plasma insulin without worsening glycaemia is a particular advantage and may be therapeutically relevant. Further studies are under way to assess the usefulness of pirenzepine in long-term suppression of plasma insulin in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Premawardhana
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Riad-Fahmy
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Miell
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Scanlon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D010890:Pirenzepine; D013739:Testosterone; D000735:Androstenedione; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone