title: Signal-averaged ECG parameters in cardiac normals using Frank lead system and Fourier transform filter and gender specific differences: a multicenter study.
abstract: There is only limited data on normal reference values for signal-averaged electrocardiograms (SAECGs) using Frank leads and fast Fourier transform filter (FFT). Furthermore, the influence of gender on reference values and their relation to body characteristics was only the subject of a few studies on small series of normals. One hundred eighty-five cardiac normals (85 women and 100 men) were examined in this multicenter study. The obtained SAECG values (mean +/- standard deviation) are as follows: filtered QRS duration (FQRSD) = 108.6 +/- 7.5 msec; low amplitude signal duration < 40 microV (LASD) = 30.4 +/- 8.4 msec; and root mean square voltage in the terminal 40 msec (RMSV) = 43.5 +/- 20.6 microV. Between men and women, significant differences were found in FQRSD (111.7 +/- 6.5 vs 105.0 +/- 7.0 msec, P < 0.001) and in RMSV (38.6 +/- 17.4 vs 49.4 +/- 22.7 microV, P < 0.001). No difference was observed for LASD. After normalizing the three SAECG parameters for body characteristics, FQRSD normalized for height was the only variable where gender differences were eliminated. For FQRSD and LASD the 90th percentile and for RMSV the 10th percentile are proposed as cut-off values. Only for the 90th percentile of FQRSD a clear difference between men and women was observed. The following gender specific normal values for SAECG, at 40-Hz high pass filtering, using Frank leads and an FFT filter are proposed: for males, FQRSD < 122 msec; for females, FQRSD < 115 msec; for both genders, LASD < 41 msec and RMSV > 20 microV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Timmermans
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ector
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Haisty
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hammill
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kienzle
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Underwood
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D001830:Body Surface Area; D001835:Body Weight; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted