title: Requirement for nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B p65 and NF-interleukin-6 binding elements in the tumor necrosis factor response region of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promoter.
abstract: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor produced by mesenchymal and myeloid cells following activation by inflammatory stimuli. It has previously been shown that a region of the G-CSF promoter, (-200 to -165) containing the decanucleotide CK-1 element and two repeated sequences that resemble nuclear factor (NF)-interleukin-6 (IL-6) binding sites, is required for activation of the G-CSF gene by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 beta. We now show that the NF-kappa B p65 protein can bind to and activate this TNF response region. There are several unusual features of this p65 interaction with the TNF response region. First, NF-kappa B p65 but not the related NF-kappa B p50 binds to the CK-1 element and a p50/65 hybrid protein that relies on the p50 rel homology domain for DNA binding does not transactivate the TNF response region. Second, p65 transactivation of this region is cell specific and requires not only its own binding site but also the NF-IL6 consensus sites. NF-IL6 also binds to the TNF response region of the G-CSF promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift studies show that p65 and NF-IL6 can bind cooperatively to the TNF response region. The ability of this region to respond to TNF-alpha or p65 is correlated with the ability to form the p65/NF-IL6 ternary complex.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Immunology, Hanson Centre for Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerondakis
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vadas
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Shannon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015342:DNA Probes; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004247:DNA