title: Resistance monitoring in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from central-eastern France.
abstract: Insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AceR) and five over-produced esterases (A1, A2 and B2, and A4 and B4) involved in detoxification are responsible for resistance to organophosphorous insecticides (OPs) in Culex pipiens L. from the Rhône-Alpes region, where C. pipiens control is mainly accomplished with the OPs temephos and chlorpyrifos using 0.15 mg/liter doses. The strong linkage disequilibria observed between esterases A1 and Est-20(0.64), esterases A4 and B4, and esterases A2 and B2 indicate that these genes were introduced in the Rhône-Alpes region. AceR and esterase A1, which appeared in the south of France 3 yr before the start of mosquito control in Rhône-Alpes, had the highest frequencies. All resistant genotypes were shown to be killed by 0.15 mg/liter temephos in natural breeding sites, but not by 0.15 mg/liter chlorpyrifos. These results are discussed in relation with mosquito control strategies.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (URA CNRS 327), Laboratoire de Génétique et Environment, Université de Montpellier II, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rivet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rioux
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delalbre
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pasteur
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005602:France; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009032:Mosquito Control; D011336:Probability; D000002:Temefos / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D000002:Temefos