title: Report from the working group on the in vivo mammalian bone marrow chromosomal aberration test.
abstract: The following summary represents a consensus of the working group, except where noted. The goal of this working group was to identify the minimal requirements needed to conduct a scientifically valid and practical in vivo chromosomal aberration assay. For easy reference, the items discussed are listed in the order in which they appear in OECD guideline 475. Specific disagreement with the current and/or proposed OECD guideline is presented in the text. Introduction, purpose, scope, relevance, application, and limits of test: This test would not be appropriate in situations where there was sufficient evidence to indicate that the test article or reactive metabolites could not reach the bone marrow. Test substances: Solid and liquid test substances should be dissolved, if possible, in water or isotonic saline. If insoluble in water/saline, the test substance should be dissolved or homogeneously suspended in an appropriate vehicle (e.g., vegetable oil). A suspension was not considered suitable for an intravenous injection. The use of dimethyl sulfoxide as an organic solvent was not recommended. The use of any uncommonly used solvent/vehicle should be justified. Freshly prepared solutions or suspensions of the test substance should be employed unless stability data demonstrate the acceptability of storage. Selection of species: Any commonly used rodent species was deemed acceptable but rats or mice were preferred, with no strain preference. Number and sex: A consensus could not be reached as to the requirement for both sexes versus one sex in this assay. It was suggested that a single sex should be used unless pharmacokinetic and/or toxicity data indicated a difference in metabolism and/or sensitivity between males and females. The size of the experiment (i.e., number of cells per animal, number of animals per treatment group) should be based on statistical considerations. Lacking a formal analysis, it was agreed that at least 100 metaphase cells should be scored per animal while at least five animals of any one sex should be evaluated per treatment group. Recently, a formal analysis of the numbers of cells to score per animal and numbers of animals to score per treatment group was conducted at a workshop on statistics for in vivo mutagenicity tests (Adler et al., 1994). The conclusion of this workshop was that, based on a type I error of 0.05 and a power of 80% to detect at least a doubling in the control frequency, the minimal number of cells to score per animal was 200 and the minimal number of animals to score per sex per treatment group was four.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tice
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Blakey
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirsch-Volders
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Oleson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pacchierotti
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Preston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004282:Documentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles