title: Alpha 2u-globulin nephropathy: review of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved and their implications for human risk assessment.
abstract: This paper reviews what is known about the induction of alpha 2u-globulin nephropathy and carcinogenesis. This unique male-rat-specific disease is associated with exposure to an ever-increasing number of chemicals. The processes leading to nephropathy and renal cancer are among the best-understood mechanisms for nongenotoxic chemicals and strongly support that it is a male-rat-specific process that is not relevant for human risk assessment. Nevertheless, the data available for individual chemicals vary greatly. This necessitates a case-by-case analysis of the available data when determining the relevance for humans of this chemically induced renal disease in male rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Swenberg
mesh_terms: D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; C013803:alpha 2u globulin