title: Monitoring drug use in palliative care.
abstract: A computerized system for monitoring drug use which makes use of the British National Formulary (BNF) drug categories and a departmental formulary (DF) has been developed. Data entry takes less than one week of secretarial time per annum. Details of drug use in 385 patients three weeks after referral to a National Health Service palliative care unit over five years form the basis of this report. The median number of drugs per patient was five, with a maximum of 11; 97% of the drugs were from the DF. Analgesics were the commonest category of drugs used. The 10 most commonly used drugs included three analgesics (morphine, co-proxamol, flurbiprofen), two laxatives (co-danthrusate, lactulose), dexamethasone, metoclopramide, ranitidine, temazepam and amitriptyline/dothiepin. Seventeen per cent of patients received two preparations from the same second level BNF category (analgesics excluded). The concurrence was questionable in about half of these, and mostly related to the use of laxatives or to hypnotics and anxiolytics. Several unexpected inclusions in the top 10 drugs illustrate the need for quantification rather than pontification about drug use in palliative care. Examination of duplicate prescribing provides a forum for examining ways of simplifying drug regimens.
authors.affiliation: University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Twycross
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005572:Formularies, Hospital as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid