title: Indocyanine green angiography and occult choroidal neovascularization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of digital indocyanine green (ICG) angiography as an adjunct to fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of ill-defined choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed all ICG angiograms performed at Wills Eye Hospital from March to July 1992. Included in this study were all cases with exudative manifestations of AMD in which fluorescein angiography showed ill-defined CNV. The initial ICG findings and the clinical outcome of both treated and untreated cases were evaluated through 6 months of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 101 eligible cases, ICG angiography at presentation demonstrated well-defined hyperfluorescence in 40 cases (group 1), ill-defined hyperfluorescence in 43 cases (group 2), mixed pattern of well- and ill-defined hyperfluorescence in 14 cases (group 3), and no abnormalities in 4 cases (group 4). Approximately one half of the cases with well-defined ICG hyperfluorescence (21% of the total) had only extrafoveal changes. Laser photocoagulation treatment based solely on ICG angiogram findings was performed in 19 group 1 cases (extrafoveal hyperfluorescent foci only) and in 8 group 3 cases, with treatment in both groups being directed only to areas of well-defined hyperfluorescence. Successful treatment was achieved in 12 (63%) of 19 cases and in 2 (25%) of 8 cases, respectively. There was a strong correlation between post-treatment persistence or recurrence of ICG hyperfluorescence and treatment failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indocyanine green angiography is a valuable diagnostic adjunct to fluorescein angiography in evaluating occult CNV in AMD. In this series, well-defined, extrafoveal ICG hyperfluorescence was identified in 21% of the cases, and preliminary, short-term results suggest that ICG-guided laser treatment is promising in this subgroup.
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Regillo
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Annesley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D019793:Fluorescein