title: Strategy for boron neutron capture therapy against tumor cells with over-expression of the epidermal growth factor-receptor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gliomas, squamous carcinomas and different adenocarcinomas from breast, colon and prostate might have an increased number of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. The receptors are, in these cases, candidates for binding of receptor specific toxic conjugates that might inactivate cellular proliferation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether it is reasonable to try ligand-dextran based conjugates for therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  EGF or TGF alpha were conjugated to dextran and binding, internalization, retention and degradation of eight types of such conjugates were analyzed in EGF-receptor amplified glioma cells. The conjugates were labelled with radioactive nuclides to allow detection and two of the conjugates were carrying boron in the form of carboranyl amino acids or aminoalkyl-carboranes. Comparative binding tests, applying 125I-EGF, were made with cultured breast, colon and prostate adenocarcinoma, glioma and squamous carcinoma cells. Some introductory tests to label with 76Br for positron emission tomography and with 131I for radionuclide therapy were also made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dextran part of the conjugates did not prevent receptor specific binding. The amount of receptor specific binding varied between the different types of conjugates and between the tested cell types. The dextran part improved intracellular retention and radioactive nuclides were retained for at least 20-24 h. The therapeutical effect improved when 131I was attached to EGF-dextran instead of native EGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improved cellular retention of the ligand-dextran conjugates is an important property since it gives extended exposure time when radionuclides are applied and flexibility in the choice of time for application of neutrons in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). It is possible that ligand-dextran mediated BNCT might allow, if the applied neutron fields covers rather wide areas around the primary tumor, locally spread cells that otherwise would escape treatment to be inactivated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Sciences, Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gedda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grönvik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lövqvist
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malmqvist
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olsson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016754:Boron Neutron Capture Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003911:Dextrans / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005910:Glioma / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D003911:Dextrans; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors