title: Age-related macular degeneration: the current understanding of the status of clinicopathology, diagnosis and management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper represents an up-to-date review of the current thoughts regarding the etiopathogenesis and management of the various varieties of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Included is a look at the epidemiology as well as the clinicopathologic basis for the development of the degenerative process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinicopathologic basis for development of ARMD is divided into drusen, lipofuscin development, solar radiation effects, photochemical damage and mediation by antioxidants, choroidal neovascularization, scarification, and retinal pigment epithelial detachment. The clinical presentation of both non-exudative and exudative ARMD is discussed with synopses of the mimickers of both outlined in the text.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current accepted methods of therapy are discussed including; laser intervention, surgical removal of membranes, and investigational modes of treatment including antioxidants. Specific management protocol is discussed based on the current knowledge base.
authors.affiliation: UAB School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL 35294.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants