title: Serotonin, catecholamines, histamine, and their metabolites in urine, platelets, and tumor tissue of patients with carcinoid tumors.
abstract: We monitored long-term (median 11 months) concentrations of platelet serotonin and urinary serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and seven catecholamine metabolites in 44 patients with carcinoid tumors. Tumor serotonin and catecholamine contents (11 patients) and urinary histamine and N-methylhistamine (15 patients) were determined. Consistently increased concentrations of indoles, notably platelet serotonin, were observed in 96%, 43%, and 0% of patients with mid-, fore-, and hindgut carcinoids, respectively. Urinary dopamine metabolites, notably 3-methoxytyramine, were consistently increased in 38%, 20%, and 7% of patients with mid-, hind-, and foregut carcinoids, respectively. For urinary norepinephrine/epinephrine metabolites, notably normetanephrine and metanephrine, these data were 33%, 20%, and 14%, respectively. Midgut carcinoid tumors had the highest serotonin contents, whereas concentrations of catecholamines were independent of primary localization. There was no consistent relation between biogenic amine contents in tumors and urinary excretion of the amine metabolites. Occurrence of carcinoid syndrome was related to increased serotonin production rate. Increased histamine production is not an important feature in patients with lung carcinoids or liver-metastasized ileum carcinoids.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Kema
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Slooff
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biesma
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Muskiet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006632:Histamine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008303:Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D008761:Methylhistamines / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002395:Catecholamines; D008761:Methylhistamines; D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D006632:Histamine; C048140:N-methylhistamine