Cholera toxin increases T lymphocyte responses to unrelated antigens.
We have found that CT adjuvant greatly augmented oral priming immunizations. Limiting dilution analysis revealed strong increases in the frequency of primed antigen specific T lymphocytes subsequent to the use of CT adjuvant. Moreover, several fold stronger lymphokine production accompanied the strong proliferative responses seen with CT-treated and KLH-primed T cells. The lymphokine pattern secreted by these T cells suggested that TH1 as well as TH2 types of cells were effectively primed by KLH, and that CT adjuvant did not exert a selective effect on any of these T-cell subsets. These effects of CT were truly due to immunomodulation and not simply the result of a more efficient uptake of gut luminal antigens in the presence of CT, because CT enhanced equally well T cell priming by peroral as well as parenteral immunization with KLH. Moreover, the CT-induced enhanced responsiveness to antigen was also observed with CD4(+)-enriched T cells suggesting that CT primarily affected T cell priming rather than the balance between CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets.
Hornquist
E
E
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Goteborg, Sweden.
Lycke
N
N
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D008222:Lymphokines; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin