title: Sensory and autonomic innervation of the facet joint in the rat lumbar spine.
abstract: The presence of sensory and autonomic nerves in the synovial membrane of the lumbar facet joint in rats was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivities, representing sensory nerves, were observed as varicose fibers in the synoviocyte layer. The fibers were predominantly nonvascular. The autonomic innervation was identified by the presence of neuropeptide Y- and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers. Most of these fibers were found adjacent to or within blood vessel walls. Immunoreactivity to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was seen in varicose nerve terminals in the synoviocyte layer, mostly unrelated to blood vessels. There is accumulating evidence of an involvement of both the sensory and sympathetic nervous systems in inflammatory joint disease. The neuropeptides now identified in lumbar facet joints may prove to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of low-back pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bjurholm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kreicbergs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schultzberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D017843:Ligamentum Flavum / Q000294:innervation*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000737:chemistry*; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000294:innervation*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000032:analysis; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D013373:Substance P; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide