title: Embolization in the palliation of complications of inoperable primary pancreatic neoplasms.
abstract: Primary pancreatic neoplasm typically presents at an advanced stage where surgical management may not be feasible. These patients are often symptomatic due to biliary obstruction but problems may also include gastrointestinal bleeding and endocrinological complications. We describe two cases illustrating the use of palliative embolization in the control of biochemical and haemorrhagic complications of primary pancreatic neoplasm. In one case, massive gastrointestinal bleeding from an inoperable primary pancreatic carcinoma was controlled by two embolization procedures to produce devascularization of the primary lesion. In a second case, life-threatening hypercalcaemia was thought to be due to secretion of a parathormone-like material from an inoperable islet cell tumour. There was no evidence of liver metastases and the pancreatic mass was embolized, following which serum calcium was reduced to near normal levels with considerable clinical improvement. We conclude that there is a role for embolization of inoperable primary pancreatic neoplasm in the palliation of biochemical or haemorrhagic complications of these tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Broadgreen Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khoursheed
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Crotch-Harvey
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000098:blood supply / Q000150:complications*; D007516:Adenoma, Islet Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000098:blood supply / Q000150:complications; D000368:Aged; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000098:blood supply / Q000150:complications*