title: The upstream promoter of the beta-amyloid precursor protein gene (APP) shows differential patterns of methylation in human brain.
abstract: The human beta-amyloid protein precursor (beta-APP) gene (symbol APP) shows variable levels of expression in different human tissues, including brain. Because at least a moderate level of beta-APP expression is probably a necessary, although not sufficient, condition for diseases associated with pathologic deposition of beta-APP proteolytic products (such as the A beta peptide), we sought to identify factors in the 5' promoter of the human APP gene that may regulate tissue-specific expression of the APP gene. We report that sequences upstream from -500 bp in the APP promoter display complex, tissue-specific patterns of methylation. Furthermore, different patterns of methylation were observed even in DNA from different regions of brain. These differentially methylated sequences are able to bind nuclear proteins expressed in brain and HeLa cells and are also methylated in neocortex of nonhuman primates. Because these methylation patterns crudely reflect differences in APP expression, they may represent one mechanism for the tissue-specific regulation of APP expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Neurology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Rogaev
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lukiw
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lavrushina
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rogaeva
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: St George-Hyslop
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005796:Genes; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics; D008745:Methylation; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011323:Primates / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D003596:Cytosine; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific