title: Prognostic factors in metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine predictors of prognostic significance for patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer (NSTC) who have advanced disease at the time of presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A chart review with a mean patient follow-up of 5.5 years (range from 0.75 to 13 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospitals in Halifax.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with NSTC, stages II-B, II-C and III. Patients were excluded if the follow-up status at the time the study closed could not be determined. Thirty-three patients were included in the study. Current patient status was determined from the clinical charts and personal communication with the patients or their physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients received cisplatinum-based chemotherapy. The extent of the disease was assessed by chest radiography or lung tomography, bone scanning, abdominal computed tomography or lymphangiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlation between levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), comparison of duration of symptoms before initial treatment, response to treatment and survival, and relationship between stage, tumour volume and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3-year overall survival rate was 76%. Seven of 18 patients with symptoms for more than 16 weeks died of disease (p < 0.01). Overall complete response was seen in 27 of 33 patients. All initial nonresponders died. A survival rate of 93% was seen among initial complete responders (p < 0.01). All seven patients with persistent elevation of BHCG levels (p < 0.001) and the two patients with persistent elevation of AFP levels (p < 0.01) after the second course of chemotherapy died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A symptomatic interval of more than 16 weeks, poor response to initial treatment, bulky retroperitoneal disease, larger volume lung disease and persistently elevated levels of BHCG and AFP were all indicators of poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, NS.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belitsky
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Millard
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lannon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D012074:Remission Induction; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D015996:Survival Rate; D013724:Teratoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins