title: Sensitisation of Candida albicans to killing by low-power laser light.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether Candida albicans, and other Candida spp. responsible for HIV-associated candidosis, could be sensitised to killing by low-power laser light. Suspensions of C. albicans were treated with a number of potential photosensitisers, exposed to laser light from a Helium/Neon (HeNe) or Gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAs) laser for 120 s and survivors enumerated. Toluidine blue O (TBO), thionin and crystal violet were able to sensitise the yeast to killing by light from the HeNe laser (energy dose = 876 mJ at a density of 66.36 J/cm2), the kills achieved being 6.8 x 10(6) cfu/ml, 3.1 x 10(6) cfu/ml and 1.3 x 10(6) cfu/ml respectively. TBO was also able to sensitise several other Candida spp. to killing by HeNe laser light. Dihaematoporphyrin ester was not an effective photosensitiser under the conditions employed. Methylene blue, but not aluminium disulphonated phthalocyanine, was able to sensitise C. albicans to killing by light from the GaAs laser (energy dose 1.32 J at a density of 2.04 J/cm2). The viability of the yeast was not affected by exposure to laser light in the absence of the photosensitisers. As killing of dye-sensitised C. albicans, and other Candida spp., could be achieved by exposure to low-power laser light for short periods of time, this approach merits further investigation as a potential therapeutic modality for HIV-associated candidosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Dental Surgery, London, England.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mia
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001152:Arsenicals; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D017323:Dihematoporphyrin Ether / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005708:Gallium; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006371:Helium; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007834:Lasers; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009356:Neon; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010789:Phototherapy; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014048:Tolonium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D007211:Indoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010640:Phenothiazines; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D006371:Helium; C043055:gallium arsenide; D009356:Neon; C064331:aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate; D017323:Dihematoporphyrin Ether; D005708:Gallium; D000535:Aluminum; D005840:Gentian Violet; D008751:Methylene Blue; C009469:thionine