title: Humans anesthetized with sevoflurane or isoflurane have similar arrhythmic response to epinephrine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anesthetics can alter the dose of exogenously administered epinephrine that causes cardiac arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that in humans anesthetized with sevoflurane, the arrhythmic response to epinephrine is not different from the response in humans anesthetized with isoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the arrhythmogenicity of submucosally administered epinephrine in 40 ASA physical status 1 or 2 patients who were to undergo transsphenoidal surgery. Patients were assigned randomly to be given 1.0-1.3 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane or isoflurane. A surgeon, blinded to the anesthetic and the concentration of epinephrine, injected into the nasal submucosa epinephrine 10, 13.3, or 20 micrograms/ml in saline of volume sufficient for surgical need. We defined a "positive" response as three or more premature ventricular contractions within 5 min after initiation of injection. Responses between anesthetic groups within each dose range of epinephrine were compared by chi-squared analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient given either anesthetic developed premature ventricular contractions with doses of epinephrine less than 5 micrograms/kg. At larger doses of epinephrine (5-9.9 and 10-14.9 micrograms/kg), the frequency of arrhythmias did not differ between patients given sevoflurane and patients given isoflurane. Patients anesthetized with 1.2 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane had blood pressure similar to and heart rate less than those of patients anesthetized with similar concentrations of isoflurane. Blood pressure and heart rate were increased similarly in both groups after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation and after epinephrine injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sevoflurane and isoflurane do not differ in their sensitization of the human myocardium to the arrhythmogenic effect of exogenously administered epinephrine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0648.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Weiskopf
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lockhart
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Eger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koblin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005117:Cardiac Complexes, Premature / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004987:Ethers; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007530:Isoflurane; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009297:Nasal Mucosa; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D004987:Ethers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D004837:Epinephrine