title: Clinical application of nebulized opioids for treatment of dyspnoea in patients with malignant disease.
abstract: This article describes our experience in the clinical use of nebulized opioids for the management of dyspnoea in patients with terminal cancer by reviewing three specific patient case studies in which this treatment was found to be both safe and effective in controlling breathlessness. The patients were treated with morphine, hydromorphone or anileridine in various doses according to their prior use of opioids. Additional formal studies are being initiated at this Centre.
authors.affiliation: Palliative Care Service, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farncombe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chater
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007540:Isonipecotic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D007540:Isonipecotic Acids; C100232:anileridine; D009020:Morphine; D004091:Hydromorphone