title: Human parainfluenza virus type 1 evolution combines cocirculation of strains and development of geographically restricted lineages.
abstract: The hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (HPIV-1) mediates attachment to the host cell and is the target of protective antibody. Since the efficacy of a potential vaccine depends on antigenic constancy, the antigenic and genetic stability of the HPIV-1 HN glycoprotein was examined for 13 isolates obtained between 1981 and 1989. Antigenic analysis with a panel of 11 monoclonal antibodies demonstrated a single change among 3 isolates from 1989 that distinguished them from all other isolates. The HN genes from all 13 isolates and 13 previously published HN gene sequences shared > 95% homology. Evolutionary analysis demonstrated cocirculation of strains, without a dominant lineage. The 1989 isolates and the previously proposed subtype A isolates occupied distinct evolutionary branches, indicating geographically limited evolution. The slow rate of evolution and HN homogeneity may allow development of a single vaccine formulation for the prevention of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101-0318.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Hetherington
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Scroggs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Portner
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D000939:Epitopes; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005843:Geography; D015707:HN Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000939:Epitopes; D015707:HN Protein; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins