title: The perfluorocarbon fluoromethyloadamantane offers cerebral protection in a model of isovolemic hemodilution in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are considered promising cerebral protection agents because they could combine the beneficial effects of decreased blood viscosity with enhanced oxygen-carrying capacity and oxygen tissue delivery, but trials of PFCs as hemodilutants have been very limited. We evaluated fluoromethyloadamantane (FMA), a new perfluorocarbon compound, as an isovolemic hemodilutant and compared it with low-molecular-weight dextran 40 (D40) and a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through a transorbital craniectomy, the internal carotid, anterior, and middle cerebral arteries were coagulated to create a cerebral infarction in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rabbits. No other experimental procedure was performed in control animals. In the two other groups, hemodilution was commenced 30 minutes after the arterial occlusion with either D40 or FMA. Hemodynamic parameters and brain and systemic temperature were monitored throughout the experiments. All animals were killed 6 hours after the arterial occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodynamic and metabolic parameters and blood oxygen content were not affected by the infusion of either FMA or D40. Brain and systemic temperature remained constant. The ratio of infarct volume to the hemispheric volume was 19.6 +/- 3.7% in the FMA group (n = 17), 19.9 +/- 4.6% in the D40 group (n = 16), and 40.3 +/- 5.7% in the control group (n = 17). The difference in infarct volume of both FMA and D40 animals compared with controls was statistically significant (P < .01) when tested with Student's t test. There was no significant difference between FMA and D40 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that FMA has cerebral protective properties and should be purified, optimized, and further tested experimentally to develop a stable, efficient, and safe oxygen carrier, potentially suitable for clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sakas
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Crowell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Korosue
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Zervas
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D003911:Dextrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006438:Hemodilution; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D000218:Adamantane; D010100:Oxygen