title: Fatigue therapy in multiple sclerosis: results of a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial of amantadine, pemoline, and placebo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative efficacy of amantadine, pemoline, and placebo in treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)-related fatigue.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Fatigue is a complication of MS. Both pemoline and amantadine have been used to treat MS fatigue, but their relative efficacy is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amantadine, pemoline, and placebo were compared in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using a parallel-group design. Ninety-three ambulatory MS patients completed the study. Primary outcome measures were the fatigue severity scale (FSS); the MS-specific fatigue scale (MS-FS); and subjective response determined by verbal self-report. Secondary outcome measures consisted of assessments of sleep, depression, and vitality. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with planned post-hoc contrasts and Fisher's exact test were used to compare treatment response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amantadine-treated patients showed a significantly greater reduction in fatigue, as measured by the MS-FS, than did patients treated with placebo (p = 0.04). By verbal report at the end of the study, 79% of patients treated with amantadine versus 52% treated with placebo and 32% treated with pemoline preferred drug therapy compared with no treatment (p = 0.03). No significant differences in any primary outcome measures were noted between pemoline and placebo. Neither amantadine nor pemoline affected sleep or depression relative to placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amantadine was significantly better than placebo in treating fatigue in MS patients, whereas pemoline was not. The benefit of amantadine was not due to changes in sleep, depression, or neurologic disability.
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, USA.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Krupp
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doscher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jandorf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halper
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morgante
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grimson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000547:Amantadine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005221:Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010389:Pemoline / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D010389:Pemoline; D000547:Amantadine