title: Toxic PCB congeners and organochlorine pesticides in Italian human milk.
abstract: Human milk from four major Italian cities was analyzed for individual congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), DDT, DDE, hexachlorobenzene, and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane. Minimum and maximum concentrations in milk from individual mothers for most compounds ranged between one order of magnitude below and above the mean value of all mothers. Good agreements were found between results from pooled samples and mean values of individual samples. No statistically significant difference between cities was found and the levels in milk from Italian mothers did not differ significantly from published levels from other parts of the world. Principal component analyses revealed that the PCB congener distribution pattern was very similar in all mothers, independent of location. Average concentrations in milk from the four cities were 19(+/- 5) micrograms liter-1 total PCB or 3.2(+/- 0.8) ng liter-1 toxicity equivalents according to the most conservative TCDD toxicity equivalent factors of PCBs proposed in the literature, 70(+/- 18) micrograms liter-1 DDE, 4.5(+/- 1.2) micrograms liter-1 DDT, 5.6(+/- 1.9) micrograms liter-1 HCB, and 4.4(+/- 1.7) micrograms liter-1 beta-hexachlorocyclohexane.
authors.affiliation: Joint Research Centre, Environment Institute, Ispra, Italy.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turrio-Baldassarri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iacovella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Domenico
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montagna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Facchetti
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D007558:Italy; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls