title: Efficacy of rapamycin and FK 506 in prolonging rat hind limb allograft survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Graft rejection and the toxicity of current immunosuppressive regimens preclude the application of microsurgical advances to transplantation of limbs or other nonessential parts. If limb transplantation is to become a clinical reality, newer, safer, more effective immunosuppressive agents are needed.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Rapamycin (RPM) and FK 506 are fungal macrolide antibiotics with effective immunosuppressive properties demonstrated in several animal models. RPM is more potent and effective than is FK 506 in rat cardiac allografts and has demonstrated synergy with cyclosporine (CsA) in limb allograft models.
  
  
  METHODS
  An orthotopic rat hind limb allograft model (Brown-Norway [RT-1n] to Lewis [RT-1(1)] rats was used. RPM (doses, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally on postoperative days 1 to 14. FK 506 (6 mg/kg/day) was administered orally on postoperative 1 to 14 and 1 to 90 and at rejection onset (10 mg/kg/day for salvage). CsA with RPM (postoperative days 1 to 14) was used to assess synergy, with CsA alone serving as the control. Other controls included untreated and placebo-treated allografted animals. The permutation test and Mann-Whitney test were applied to the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean survival times were assessed as follows: (1) control (placebo, untreated), 5 days; (2) RPM groups, 9.5, 10.6, and 8.7 days; (3) 14-day FK 506, 28 days; (4) 90-day FK 506, > 90 days; (5) CsA, 17.3 days; and (6) CsA with RPM, 19.3 days. FK 506 significantly prolonged graft survival compared with RPM (Permutation Test, p < 0.001 and Mann-Whitney Test, p < 0.05). FK 506 salvage reversed early rejection. High-dose RPM produced significant toxicity. Synergy between CsA and RPM was not demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FK 506 prolongs allograft survival, reverses early rejection, and prevents rejection without clinical toxicity when given continually. RPM does not prevent rejection in this model and produces significant toxicity at high doses. FK 506 may be a first step in making limb transplantation a clinical reality in reconstructive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, California.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fealy
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Umansky
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Bickel
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nino
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Press
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000637:transplantation*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011090:Polyenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011090:Polyenes; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus