title: Endothelin-1 and fibroblast growth factors stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade in cardiac myocytes. The potential role of the cascade in the integration of two signaling pathways leading to myocyte hypertrophy.
abstract: Maximally effective concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1), acidic FGF (aFGF), or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by 3-4-fold in crude extracts of myocytes cultured from neonatal rat heart ventricles. Maximal activation was achieved after 5 min. Thereafter, MAPK activity stimulated by ET-1 or aFGF declined to control values within 1-2 h, whereas activation by TPA was more sustained. Two peaks of MAPK activity (a 42- and a 44-kDa MAPK) were resolved in cells exposed to ET-1 or aFGF by fast protein liquid chromatography on a Mono Q column. One major and one minor peak of MAPK kinase (MAPKK) was stimulated by ET-1 or aFGF. Cardiac myocytes expressed protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha, -delta, -epsilon and -zeta as shown immunoblotting. Exposure to 1 microM TPA for 24 h down-regulated PKC-alpha, -delta, and -epsilon, but not PKC-zeta. This maneuver wholly abolished the activation of MAPK on re-exposure to TPA but did not affect the response to aFGF. The effect of ET-1 was partially down-regulated. ET-1 stimulated phospho[3H]inositide hydrolysis 18-fold, whereas aFGF stimulated by only 30%. Agonists which initially utilize dissimilar signaling pathways may therefore converge at the level of MAPKK/MAPK and this may be relevant to the hypertrophic response of the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bogoyevitch
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Glennon
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clerk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazou
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Sugden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000201:enzymology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016232:Endothelins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate