title: Use of urinary gram stain for detection of urinary tract infection in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Gram stain of urine is more sensitive than urinalysis in detecting urinary tract infection in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban teaching hospital emergency department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred seven infants 6 months old or less, from whom a catheterized or suprapubically aspirated urine specimen was obtained for culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary Gram stain, culture, and urinalysis were performed. With culture results as the validating standard, the Gram stain sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were compared with urinalysis, including leukocyte esterase, nitrite, pyuria, and bacteriuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of positive cultures was 8.7% (18 of 207). Gram stain had higher sensitivity than overall urinalysis (94% versus 67%, P < .05), higher specificity (92% versus 79%, P < .05), and higher positive predictive value (53% versus 23%, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary Gram stain appears to be more reliable than urinalysis in detecting urinary tract infection in young infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lockhart
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lewander
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cimini
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Josephson
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Linakis
mesh_terms: D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000382:microbiology / Q000652:urine*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology