title: Induction of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) expression in bone marrow and fractionated marrow cell populations by interleukin 3 (IL-3): IL-3-mediated positive feedback mechanisms of granulopoiesis.
abstract: Interleukin 3 (IL-3) induces proliferation and differentiation of mast cell progenitors in vitro, whereas it induces granulocytosis in vivo. In this paper, a positive feedback mechanism of granulopoiesis was studied in order to elucidate the granulocytosis induced by IL-3 in mouse. IL-3 induced expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in total bone marrow cells and a marrow adherent cell population. In fractionated marrow cell populations, a different expression pattern of induction of IL-3 stimulation was observed; GM-CSF was expressed in macrophages and fraction 1 (P < 1.061) and 2(1.061 < P 1.074) of bone marrow cells fractionated by equilibrium density centrifugation, G-CSF was expressed in macrophages and fraction 2 and 3 (1.074 < P < 1.097), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in macrophages and fraction 1 to 3. These results indicate a hierarchical regulation of cytokine production and the existence of a positive feedback mechanism in granulopoiesis. IL-6, induced by IL-3, stimulates stem cells into cycle and induces stem cells to respond to IL-3. The stem cells differentiate to granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells by the combined effect of IL-3 and IL-6. IL-3 also induces GM- and G-CSF expression which in turn makes granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells differentiate to granulocytes. These factors organize a cytokine network in granulopoiesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takashita
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005246:Feedback; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007377:Interleukin-3; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor