title: Hoechst 33258 staining for detecting mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures: a method for reducing fluorescence photobleaching.
abstract: DNA fluorochrome staining with Hoechst 33258 bisbenzimide is commonly used for detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures. Photobleaching of Hoechst 33258 is pronounced under the conditions of intense illumination, high magnification and resolution required for detection of mycoplasmas. To reduce photobleaching we investigated the effects of some antioxidant molecules, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), n-propyl gallate (NPG) and 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane (DABCO), which are known to reduce the fading rate of fluorescein. Mycoplasma-contaminated cell monolayers were stained with Hoechst 33258 and mounted in glycerol containing different amounts of antioxidant additives. The cells were examined in an epifluorescence microscope, and the emitted light intensity was recorded. Results showed that PPD and, to a lower degree, NPG, retarded the photobleaching of Hoechst 33258-stained cells, whereas DABCO was not effective. However, fluorescence half-life was increased about three-fold by NPG and almost 20-fold by PPD. The rate of fluorescence fading of Hoechst 33258 can therefore be retarded by PPD, with obvious advantages for reading and photographic recording of results.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, National Research Council, CNR, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parasassi
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006690:Bisbenzimidazole; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D010879:Piperazines; D011435:Propyl Gallate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D010879:Piperazines; D011435:Propyl Gallate; D006690:Bisbenzimidazole; C029728:4-phenylenediamine; C007306:triethylenediamine