title: Significance of tumor angiogenesis in clinically localized prostate carcinoma treated with external beam radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prognostic significance of microvessel density (a measure of tumor angiogenesis) in comparison with other prognostic factors for patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma treated with external beam radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microvessel density was quantified within the initial invasive carcinoma from the diagnostic transurethral resection specimen of 25 patients with a mean follow-up of 44 months. Microvessels were identified by immunohistochemical staining of endothelial cells for factor VIII-related antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Microvessels were counted in a x200 field (0.754 mm2) in the area of maximal angiogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microvessel density correlated with several pretreatment prognostic factors, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (p < 0.0001), tumor grade (p = 0.006), and ploidy (p = 0.016). The degree of tumor angiogenesis also correlated with outcome following external beam radiotherapy. The mean microvessel count in the nine tumors from patients who failed radiotherapy (ie, had rising PSA and/or clinical relapse) was 97.0 +/- 33.6 (+/- SD) per x200 field compared with 46.1 +/- 17.1 for the 16 patients with no evidence of failure (p < 0.0001). Increased microvessel density was also associated with a significantly worse actuarial outcome at 4 years using either biochemical relapse (rising PSA) or a composite endpoint of rising PSA or clinical relapse (p = 0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intratumoral quantification of tumor angiogenesis may prove valuable as a prognostic indicator in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Troncoso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhau
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Zagars
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: von Eschenbach
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011003:Ploidies; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000276:immunology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen