title: The effect of multiple neuroimaging studies on classification, treatment, and outcome of acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of serial neuroimaging studies on the diagnosis, therapy, and outcome of patients with acute stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  206 adult patients (mean age +/- SD, 66.0 +/- 10.8 years) hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute stroke between 1990 and 1993.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strokes were retrospectively assigned to five categories (large-vessel, small-vessel, cardioembolic, other, or unknown) using standardized criteria based on the history, physical examination, ancillary test results, and first computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the head. Strokes were reclassified after the results of further neuroimaging studies, if any, were reviewed. The type and timing of therapy and the patient outcome at hospital discharge were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The additional studies changed stroke classification in only 20.0% of the 140 patients who had two or more neuroimaging studies. All classification changes were from the unknown cause category to a category with a specific cause. In most patients receiving treatment (93.2%), therapy began before an additional CT or MRI study was obtained. In patients who had one neuroimaging study, 70.1% went home, 24.0% went to a skilled nursing facility, and 5.9% died; the corresponding percentages in persons who had multiple studies were 73.3%, 24.4%, and 2.2% (P > 0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial neuroimaging studies did not alter the classification of strokes for which an initial diagnosis had already been made. However, they were useful in determining the cause of strokes initially classified as having an unknown cause. Therapy was almost always begun immediately after the first CT or MRI study was obtained. Outcome at hospital discharge was not significantly related to the number of neuroimaging studies obtained.
authors.affiliation: Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Schoomaker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome