title: Prospective study of alpha-fetoprotein in cirrhotic patients monitored for development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: The usefulness of measurements of serum alpha-fetoprotein elevation for diagnosis of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated by a prospective study of 260 patients with cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma was found in 55 patients during the 5-yr follow-up, excluding 7 found to have hepatocellular carcinoma in the first 6 mo. The cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was 26% in the 185 patients who had alpha-fetoprotein levels below 20 ng/ml at the time of entry and 46% in the 68 patients who had alpha-fetoprotein levels of 20 ng/ml or more but below 200 ng/ml. In 169 of the patients, serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein were assayed regularly for at least 2 yr. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma development in the 36 patients who had repeated transient increases in alpha-fetoprotein to above 100 ng/ml was 36%. This was significantly higher than the incidence in the 99 patients who had alpha-fetoprotein levels consistently below 20 ng/ml. Thus patients who had alpha-fetoprotein levels of 20 ng/ml or more, who had transient increases in alpha-fetoprotein or who had both should be treated as being in a super-high-risk group for hepatocellular carcinoma. Frequent and careful examination by ultrasonography of such patients is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins