title: Phosphatase inhibitors activate normal and defective CFTR chloride channels.
abstract: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation at multiple sites. Although activation by protein kinases has been studied in some detail, the dephosphorylation step has received little attention. This report examines the mechanisms responsible for the dephosphorylation and spontaneous deactivation ("rundown") of CFTR chloride channels excised from transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human airway epithelial cells. We report that the alkaline phosphatase inhibitors bromotetramisole, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, theophylline, and vanadate slow the rundown of CFTR channel activity in excised membrane patches and reduce dephosphorylation of CFTR protein in isolated membranes. It was also found that in unstimulated cells, CFTR channels can be activated by exposure to phosphatase inhibitors alone. Most importantly, exposure of mammalian cells to phosphatase inhibitors alone activates CFTR channels that have disease-causing mutations, provided the mutant channels are present in the plasma membrane (R117H, G551D, and delta F508 after cooling). These results suggest that CFTR dephosphorylation is dynamic and that membrane-associated phosphatase activity may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, PQ, Canada.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Becq
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: X B
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savoia
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rommens
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buchwald
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Riordan
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hanrahan
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D006224:Cricetinae; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013806:Theophylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D018118:Chloride Channels; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D014638:Vanadates; D013806:Theophylline; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine