title: Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer.
abstract: Esophageal carcinoma is one of the deadliest malignant tumors. This article reviews its epidemiology, etiology, and clinical and endoscopic presentation, as well as methods for proper staging to identify the patients who will not benefit from surgery and require palliative therapy. The various treatment options are discussed in detail with an emphasis on the latest endoscopic palliative measures.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldschmid
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nord
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D001706:Biopsy; D001918:Brachytherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016629:Esophagectomy; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010166:Palliative Care; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001466:Barium Sulfate