Changes in cell adhesion molecule expression on T cells associated with systemic virus infection.
Virus-induced changes in adhesion molecule expression on T cells were investigated to understand how antiviral effector cells migrate into infectious foci. FACS analysis revealed that after systemic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus a number of cell adhesion molecules, including VLA-4, LFA-1, and ICAM-1, are up-regulated on CD8+ cells, whereas the lymph node homing receptor MEL-14 is down-regulated during the infection; only marginal changes were observed for CD4+ cells. Basically similar but less marked results were obtained in mice infected with Pichinde virus. Further analyses showed that T cells with a changed adhesion molecule profile tended to present other cell surface markers indicating a state of cellular activation, e.g., IL-2R, and included all virus-specific CTL effectors. Regarding the physiologic significance of these changes in adhesion molecule expression, it was found that up-regulation of VLA-4 expression on splenic T cells correlated with influx of inflammatory cells into the cerebrospinal fluid of intracerebrally infected animals, and that the number of CD8+VLA-4hi cells increased from lymph nodes and spleen to blood and cerebrospinal fluid. These results support the hypothesis that up-regulation of VLA-4 is important for effector T cell homing to sites of inflammation.
Andersson
E C
EC
Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Denmark.
Christensen
J P
JP
Marker
O
O
Thomsen
A R
AR
D000818:Animals; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019041:L-Selectin; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008216:Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016029:Receptors, Very Late Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology
D016827:CD8 Antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D016029:Receptors, Very Late Antigen; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019041:L-Selectin