title: Superior compliance and efficacy of continuous combined oral estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed compliance, relief of climacteric symptoms, and impact on lumbar bone mineral density in two groups of 140 patients treated with a sequential estrogen-progestogen or a continuous combined replacement therapy in comparison with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to 2 mg of estradiol valerate daily and 5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate daily for 12 days per month sequentially to induce withdrawal bleeding (group A) or 2 mg of estradiol, 1 mg of estriol, and 1 mg of norethisterone acetate daily continuously to maintain amenorrhea (group B) or a control group (group C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compliance was 93% after 1 year and 73% after 2 years in group B and 66% and 49% in group A after 1 and 2 years, respectively. Improvement of climacteric symptoms was similar in groups A and B. Uterine bleeding in 24% of patients in group A and 3% in group B was the most frequent reason for discontinuation of drug intake. Only continuous combined therapy (group B) increased bone mineral density after 1 and 2 years compared with baseline: +13% and 17% (p = 0.01). In groups A and C no significant changes in bone mineral density were recorded. Compliance was unrelated to the age of menopause.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous combined therapy is superior to sequential estrogen progestogen replacement in compliance and prevention of bone loss but not with regard to relief of climacteric symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dören
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reuther
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Minne
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density; D002979:Climacteric; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004964:Estriol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D004964:Estriol; D009640:Norethindrone