title: A simple, specific, and highly sensitive blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1.
abstract: By using a monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope located on glycoprotein B of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), a simple, convenient blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which combines a high sensitivity with a low false-positive rate has been developed. The test can be performed at low variance on undiluted bovine serum samples. The epitope on glycoprotein B appears to be conserved, because it could be detected by immunostaining in all of 160 BHV1 isolates originating from 10 countries. In testing 215 anti-BHV1 antibody-negative and 179 anti-BHV1 antibody-positive serum samples, specificity and sensitivity were 0.96 and 0.99, respectively. This blocking ELISA is superior to a commercially available indirect ELISA and to the 24-h virus neutralization test in detecting low antibody levels in serum. In addition, this blocking ELISA is able to detect specific antibodies in serum as early as 7 days postinfection. To minimize any risk of introducing latent BHV1 carriers among noninfected cattle, this blocking ELISA would be, in our opinion, the test of choice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kramps
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magdalena
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quak
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weerdmeester
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kaashoek
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Maris-Veldhuis
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rijsewijk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: van Oirschot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000939:Epitopes; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C046998:bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoproteins