title: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: differential action on incisional wound healing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) specifically stimulates granulocyte, macrophage, and eosinophil colonies; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) acts directly on neutrophil-restricted progenitor cells in their proliferation. Those cells have been implicated in the process of wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired 6 cm incisions were made on rats; GM-CSF or G-CSF was given systemically (100 micrograms/kg/dose) or locally (30 micrograms/wound). The controls received vehicle alone. Impaired healing was induced by injection of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg). White blood cells (WBC) were counted at day 2 after treatment. Tissue strips were evaluated for tensiometry and histologic features at days 7 and 14 after wounding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For local GM-CSF treated incisions, the breaking strength was 25% stronger than controls at day 7 (p = 0.004), 36% at day 14 (p < 0.0001), and 42% at day 7 (p = 0.012) in impaired animals. Local G-CSF and systemic GM-CSF and G-CSF increased circulating WBC (p < 0.05), but they had no effects on healing. Histologic studies revealed an increase of wound cellulity at day 7 and day 14 in topical GM-CSF treated wounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest GM-CSF is an activator of tissue macrophages and that increasing circulating WBC did not affect wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jyung
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mustoe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D008775:Methylprednisolone