title: Pelvic-floor rehabilitation, Part 2: Pelvic-floor reeducation with interferential currents and exercise in the treatment of genuine stress incontinence in postpartum women--a cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This descriptive cohort study investigated a physical therapy program of pelvic-floor neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) combined with exercises, with the aim of developing a simple, inexpensive, and conservative treatment for postpartum genuine stress incontinence (GSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight female subjects with urodynamically established GSI persisting more than 3 months after delivery participated in the study. The subjects ranged in age from 24 to 37 years (X = 32, SD = 4.2).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a descriptive multiple-subject cohort study. Each subject received a total of nine treatment sessions during 3 consecutive weeks, consisting of two 15-minute sessions of NMES followed by a 15-minute pelvic-floor muscle exercise program. Patients also practiced daily pelvic-floor exercises during the 3-week treatment period. The treatment intervention was measured using three separate variables. Maximum muscle contractions (pretraining, during training, and post-training) were measured indirectly as pressure, using perineometry. Urine loss pretraining and posttraining was measured by means of a Pad test. Self-reported frequency of incontinence was recorded daily throughout the period of the study, using a diary. Data were analyzed using a one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and a Friedman two-way ANOVA by ranks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that maximum pressure generated by pelvic-floor contractions was greater and both the quantity of urine loss and the frequency of incontinence were lower following the implementation of the physical therapy program. Five subjects became continent, and three others improved. A follow-up survey 1 year later confirmed the consistency of these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the proposed physical therapy program may influence postpartum GSI. Further studies are needed to validate this simple, inexpensive, and conservative physical therapy protocol. [Dumoulin C, Seaborne DE, Quirion-DeGirardi C, Sullivan SJ. Pelvic-floor rehabilitation, part 2: pelvic-floor reeducation with interferential currents and exercise in the treatment of genuine stress incontinence in postpartum women--a cohort study.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Ste-Justine de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumoulin
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Seaborne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quirion-DeGirardi
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014563:Urodynamics