title: Effect of bacterial endotoxin and interleukin-1 beta on hippocampal serotonergic neurotransmission, behavioral activity, and free corticosterone levels: an in vivo microdialysis study.
abstract: In this study the effect of immune system stimulation and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on hippocampal serotonergic neurotransmission, behavioral activity, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is described. An in vivo microdialysis method was used to measure hippocampal extracellular concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in conscious, freely moving rats. In addition, we established a method to continuously monitor free corticosterone levels in dialysates. Behavioral activity was scored by measuring the time during which rats were active (locomotion, grooming, eating, drinking). We found a significant, positive relationship between behavioral activity and hippocampal extracellular concentrations of 5-HT. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 30, 100, and 300 micrograms/kg body weight) produced an increase in the extracellular concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the hippocampus, which was paralleled by a significant decline in behavioral activity and a marked increase in extracellular corticosterone levels. Thus, the close correlation between hippocampal extracellular 5-HT levels and behavioral activity observed in control rats was disrupted in the LPS-treated animals. The effects of i.p. LPS could be mimicked by i.c.v. application of recombinant human IL-1 beta (hIL-1 beta; 100 ng). i.c.v. pretreatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; 10 micrograms) antagonized the hIL-1 beta-induced effects. IL-1ra showed no intrinsic effects. Furthermore, it was found that i.c.v. pretreatment with IL-1ra (10 micrograms) significantly attenuated the i.p. LPS-induced (100 micrograms/kg body weight) rise in hippocampal extracellular 5-HT levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroendocrinology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Linthorst
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flachskamm
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Müller-Preuss
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holsboer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D003345:Corticosterone