title: Frequency of Candida sp infection in tuberculous patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: morphological and immunocytochemical study in sputum.
abstract: Sputum samples from AIDS patients with and without pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed morphologically and immunocytochemically to determine the frequency of occurrence of Candida sp. Mycobacterial infection was detected by bacterioscopy and/or culture and cytological evaluation was performed using Papanicolaou and Toluidine Blue staining. Immunoreaction for Candida sp was performed using polyclonal antibody in selected cases with fungal structures in smears stained by the Papanicolaou or Toluidine Blue method. An increased frequency of Candida sp (2.5 times) was observed in the tuberculous group compared to the group of AIDS patients without tuberculosis. The Toluidine Blue stain showed good results for the detection of Candida sp in sputum. Due to the increased risk of this opportunistic infection among more severely immunocompromised patients. Toluidine Blue staining of sputum samples submitted to analysis seems to be a reliable screening method.
authors.affiliation: Adolfo Lutz Institute, Division of Pathology, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Longatto Filho
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Shirata
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D000328:Adult; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D001391:Azo Compounds; D002175:Candida / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D005260:Female; D006416:Hematoxylin; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D001391:Azo Compounds; C016975:alum hematoxylin; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; C008710:Orange G; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin