title: AIDS-related spontaneous pneumothorax. Risk factors and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define risk factors and optimum therapy for AIDS-related spontaneous pneumothorax (PTX).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients with AIDS who developed spontaneous PTX between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1991, of whom 27 (77.1%) did so in the setting of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Forty-one patients who were diagnosed as having PCP and did not develop PTX served as the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using logistic regression, a history of cigarette smoking, aerosolized pentamidine treatment, and the observation of pneumatoceles by chest radiography were associated with an increased risk of PTX. Although not associated with an increased risk of occurrence of PTX, the use of systemic corticosteroids for PCP treatment was associated with a longer requirement for chest tube drainage. Although chest tube drainage alone was often successful, chemical and surgical pleurodesis was often effective in treating prolonged air leaks and was associated with a lower incidence of recurrent PTX, although this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients at high risk of developing AIDS-related spontaneous PTX can be identified. Systemic corticosteroids may increase the risk of morbidity from AIDS-related PTX. Chemical and surgical pleurodesis may be of value in short-term treatment and in reducing the risk of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Metersky
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Colt
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Shanks
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome