title: Success of endoscopic injection therapy in correlation with maximal one-day transfusion requirement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The rate of blood transfusion is related to blood flow and the diameter of the bleeding vessel. Therapeutic endoscopy is less effective in larger vessels. To determine the effect of therapeutic endoscopy with pure ethanol injection in massive peptic ulcer bleeding, we conducted a retrospective study using the maximal one-day blood requirement as an indicator of the required blood transfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The maximal one-day blood requirement was defined as the total amount of blood transfusion needed within a day to keep hemodynamics stable and hemoglobin above 8.0 g% before therapeutic endoscopy. From January 1986 to May 1993, 283 patients with high-risk signs of the stigmata of hemorrhage on endoscopy, who received pure ethanol injection therapy, were included in this study. There were 214 men and 69 women with a mean age of 58.4 years (ranging from 16 to 93 years). One hundred forty-three had gastric ulcers; 125 had duodenal ulcers; and 15 had stomal ulcers. Patients whose maximal one-day blood requirement was less than 1000 ml were assigned to Group I. Patients without, and patients with, major organ diseases whose maximal one-day blood requirement was more than 1000 ml were assigned to Group IIa and Group IIb, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group I, 87.1% attained permanent hemostasis; 51.3% in Group IIa; and 49.4% in Group IIb. Temporary hemostasis and failure rates were 8.9% and 4.8% in Group I; 14.5% and 33.8% in Group IIa; and 21.2% and 29.4% in Group IIb. The rate of permanent hemostasis was significantly lower in patients with massive bleeding (p < 0.001) but did not differ between patients with and without major organ diseases (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success rate for pure ethanol injection therapy was lower in patients with a large maximal one-day blood transfusion requirement.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Hsien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Changchien
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chuah
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000098:blood supply; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol