title: In situ analysis of microbial consortia in activated sludge using fluorescently labelled, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and confocal scanning laser microscopy.
abstract: Activated sludge flocs are complex consortia of various micro-organisms. The community structures of samples taken from municipal sewage treatment plants were characterized using fluorescently labelled, 16S and 23S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes in combination with confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). In comparison with conventional epifluorescence microscopy, CSLM considerably improved the capability to visualize directly the spatial distribution of defined bacterial populations inside the sludge flocs. Analyses could be performed at high resolution undisturbed by problems such as autofluorescence or limited spatial resolution in thick samples. In addition, CSLM was used to analyse some structural properties of paraformaldehyde-fixed activated sludge flocs, such as floc size and homogeneity. Typical floc sizes were found to be in the range between 5 and 50 microns. Whereas most of the flocs were completely colonized by bacteria, there were also examples of flocs containing gas bubbles or particles in the interior.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Assmus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hutzler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amann
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001483:Base Sequence; D005453:Fluorescence; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012722:Sewage