title: Influence of digital examination, cystoscopy, transrectal ultrasonography and needle biopsy on the concentration of prostate-specific antigen.
abstract: The influence of various prostatic manipulations, including digital rectal examination, cystoscopy, transrectal ultrasonography and transrectal needle biopsy, on the serum prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) levels in 170 men, were examined. We found that digital rectal examination, cystoscopy and transrectal ultrasonography had no significant effect on PSA levels, except for transrectal needle biopsy, which caused an immediate increase of serum PSA in 96.2% of the patients lasting more than 2 weeks in 42.3% of the cases. In conclusion, serum PSA determination after digital rectal examination, after cystoscopy and after transrectal ultrasonography is accurate and reliable. On the other hand, we must wait about 6 weeks after needle biopsy before measuring PSA in the serum of patients with prostatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Athens, Sismanoglion General Hospital, Greece.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deliveliotis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alivizatos
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Stavropoulos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makrychoritis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koutsokalis
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kiriakakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kostakopoulos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dimopoulos
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003558:Cystoscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012007:Rectum; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen