title: Improved microscopical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in developing countries.
abstract: The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) relies on the bacteriological examination of sputum. However, microscopy of smears made directly from sputum has a low sensitivity and there is an urgent need for improved methods. We have compared microscopy of smears made directly from sputum with microscopy after liquefaction of sputum with household bleach (NaOCl) and concentration of bacteria by centrifugation. In 3 studies performed in Ethiopia and India, the use of the NaOCl method increased the number of samples positive for acid-fast bacilli by more than 100%. The technique is appropriate for developing countries and its application would increase the efficiency of TB control programmes. As a potent disinfectant, NaOCl also has the advantage of lowering the risk of laboratory infection.
authors.affiliation: Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gebre
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Macaden
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolde
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assefa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miörner
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D003906:Developing Countries; D005002:Ethiopia; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite