title: Absorption of rapid-acting insulin in obese and nonobese NIDDM patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the absorption rate of rapid-acting insulin from subcutaneous injection sites in nonobese and obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten nonobese and 10 obese NIDDM patients (body mass indexes 24.1 +/- 0.4 and 31.4 +/- 0.8 kg/m2, respectively) received four subcutaneous injections of 125I-labeled rapid-acting insulin (Actrapid Human, 5 U): three in the abdominal wall above, lateral to, and below the umbilicus; and one in the thigh. The depth of the subcutaneous fat layer was measured using ultrasound techniques. The residual radioactivity was monitored externally for 270 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disappearance half-life of 125I-insulin was between 4 and 6 h from all injection sites, with the exception of the upper abdominal area in the nonobese subjects, where it measured approximately 3 h. The residual radioactivity did not differ between nonobese and obese patients measured from any of the sites. In the nonobese group, the most rapid absorption of 125I-insulin was found from the upper abdominal area and the slowest from the thigh. In the obese group, the absorption rates did not differ between sites. No correlation was found between the depth of the fat layer and the residual radioactivity when measured at any site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the absorption of rapid-acting insulin is markedly slow in both obese and nonobese NIDDM patients compared with IDDM patients and healthy subjects studied previously. In the nonobese group, the most rapid absorption of 125I-insulin is obtained after injection into the upper abdominal area. Inter- and intraregional differences are small in the obese patients. Consequently the choice of injection site is of little importance in this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Clauson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linde
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000042:Absorption; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D061389:Insulin, Regular, Pork; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D013848:Thigh; D014472:Umbilicus
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D061389:Insulin, Regular, Pork; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; C000006:insulin, neutral