title: Macular holes. Pathogenesis, natural history and surgical outcomes.
abstract: Idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) are a common cause of usually uniocular reduced visual acuity. The accepted pathogenesis has macular hole formation proceeding in stages from an impending hole to a FTMH, with visual acuity deteriorating to less than 6/60 in 85% of cases. Recent surgical advances in the treatment of FTMH, with excellent anatomic and visual results, have changed the surgical indications for both impending and established full-thickness macular holes.
authors.affiliation: VitreoRetinal Unit, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luckie
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heriot
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006133:Growth Substances; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C042852:perflutren