title: Exercise training augments flow-dependent dilation in rat skeletal muscle arterioles. Role of endothelial nitric oxide and prostaglandins.
abstract: We aimed to test the hypothesis that as a consequence of short-term daily exercise, flow (shear stress)-dependent dilation and its mediation by the endothelium are altered in skeletal muscle arterioles. After initial familiarization with the protocol, rats ran on a treadmill once a day (with gradually increasing intensity up to 40 minutes and 28 m/min) for approximately 3 weeks (EX group); a control group remained sedentary (SED group). The active (internal) diameters of isolated gracilis muscle arterioles of SED and EX rats at 80 mm Hg were significantly different (55.2 +/- 2.1 and 49.3 +/- 2.0 microns, P < .05), and their passive diameters (in Ca(2+)-free solution) were 105.3 +/- 3.1 and 111.2 +/- 2.4 microns (not significantly different), respectively. Increases in flow of the perfusion solution from 0 to 12 microL/min elicited a significantly greater increase in diameter of EX arterioles (by 83.5% at maximum flow). This enhanced sensitivity maintained a lower shear stress in EX arterioles (15 to 20 dyne/cm2) compared with SED arterioles (25 to 35 dyne/cm2). In both SED and EX arterioles, flow-dependent dilation was eliminated after removal of the endothelium. Either N omega-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, or indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, shifted the flow-diameter and calculated wall shear stress-diameter curves significantly to the right. Each of the inhibitors reduced flow-dependent dilation to a similar degree (approximately 40% to 45%); their combined administration nearly completely eliminated the dilation of arterioles of both SED and EX rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaley
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001775:Blood Circulation; D004727:Endothelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006706:Homeostasis; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000098:blood supply*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019335:Nitroarginine; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists; D011453:Prostaglandins; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D007213:Indomethacin