title: Cetirizine reduces inflammatory cell recruitment and ICAM-1 (or CD54) expression on conjunctival epithelium in both early- and late-phase reactions after allergen-specific challenge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergen-specific conjunctival challenge (ASCC) is a safe and reproducible experimental model of allergic conjunctivitis and a useful tool in the evaluation of effectiveness and possible mechanisms of action of drugs commonly used in the treatment of allergic diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The protective effect of cetirizine on inflammatory changes after ASCC was assessed in 12 patients with rhinoconjunctivitis caused by Parietaria judaica in a double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a screening ASCC was performed, patients were randomized into two treatment groups; each patient was given cetirizine (oral tablets) 10 mg twice daily, or matching placebo for 3 1/2 days in off-pollen season. Clinical evaluation (itching, hyperemia, lacrimation, and swelling of eyelids) and cytologic assessment (number of inflammatory cells in conjunctival scraping and evaluation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)/CD54 expression on epithelial cells) were performed at baseline, 30 minutes (i.e., early-phase reaction [EPR]), 6 hours, and 24 hours (i.e., late-phase reaction [LPR]) after ASCC, before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EPR clinical events and the EPR total number of inflammatory cells were significantly reduced by cetirizine compared with placebo. The LPR clinical events and inflammatory cell recruitment were reduced by cetirizine in a similar manner. Both eosinophil and neutrophil numbers were decreased by active drug in EPR and LPR. Furthermore, ICAM-1/CD54 expression was significantly reduced by cetirizine in both the EPR and LPR compared with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that cetirizine has a protective effect on clinical and cellular EPR and LPR events (including ICAM-1/CD54 expression on epithelium) induced by ASCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciprandi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buscaglia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Passalacqua
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rihoux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagnasco
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Canonica
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens; D017332:Cetirizine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000939:Epitopes; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D017332:Cetirizine