title: A pilot study of exposure control of chronic auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients complain less of their auditory hallucinations per se than of lack of control of the experiences. There is reason to believe that a non-distraction (exposure) approach could help patients gain more control over persistent auditory hallucinations and teach them that their experience is a form of thinking and has no external source. This study is a pilot test of that idea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five DSM-III-R schizophrenic outpatients with medication-resistant auditory hallucinations improved with a mean of 31 hour-long sessions over 3 months of therapist-guided exposure to their hallucinations and situations likely to evoke them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement was greatest in patients' anxiety and sense of control over their hallucinations, less in social use of leisure and hallucinating time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These mildly encouraging pilot results warrant a controlled study of exposure for drug-resistant chronic auditory hallucinations and other psychotic experiences which are associated with anxious avoidance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, London.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Persaud
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D001288:Attention; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001364:Awareness; D003887:Desensitization, Psychologic / Q000379:methods*; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011936:Reality Testing; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013067:Speech Perception; D013850:Thinking; D016896:Treatment Outcome