title: Effect of histamine and substance P on the rabbit and human iris sphincter muscle.
abstract: METHODS
  In an attempt to clarify the functional action of histamine and substance P on atropine-resistant miosis, we isolated rabbit and human iris sphincter muscles and investigated their mechanical properties using the isometric tension recording method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substance P dose-dependently contracted the rabbit iris sphincter, but had no effect on the human iris sphincter. In the rabbit iris sphincter, histamine reduced the amplitude of twitch contraction evoked by field stimulation but had no effect on carbachol-induced contraction. Thioperamide, but not mepyramine or cimetidine, partially antagonized the histamine-induced reduction in the amplitude of twitch contractions. In the human iris sphincter, on the other hand, histamine dose-dependently provoked contraction and the amplitude of histamine-induced contraction was affected neither by atropine nor by indomethacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence that histamine has strong contractile effect on the human iris sphincter muscle; the rabbit iris sphincter muscle, however, apparently lacks functional histamine receptors. In rabbits, exogenously applied histamine only activates H3 receptors located on the cholinergic nerve terminal, hence the excitatory neuro-effector transmission is suppressed. Thus, histamine may have an important roles in atropine-resistant miosis in humans, but not in rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshitomi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haruno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007498:Iris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D011968:Receptors, Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D011968:Receptors, Histamine; D013373:Substance P; D006632:Histamine; D002217:Carbachol