title: Creatine and its application as an ergogenic aid.
abstract: Phosphocreatine (PCr) availability is likely to limit performance in brief, high-power exercise because the depletion of PCr results in an inability to maintain adenosine triphosphate (ATP) resynthesis at the rate required. It is now known that the daily ingestion of four 5-g doses of creatine for 5 days will significantly increase intramuscular creatine and PCr concentrations prior to exercise and will facilitate PCr resynthesis during recovery from exercise, particularly in those individuals with relatively low creatine concentrations prior to feeding. As a consequence of creatine ingestion, work output during repeated bouts of high-power exercise has been increased under a variety of experimental conditions. The reduced accumulation of ammonia and hypoxanthine in plasma and the attenuation of muscle ATP degradation after creatine feeding suggest that the ergogenic effect of creatine is achieved by better maintaining ATP turnover during contraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, U.K.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Greenhaff
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D003401:Creatine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000592:standards; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D019271:Hypoxanthine; D007042:Hypoxanthines / Q000097:blood; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007042:Hypoxanthines; D019271:Hypoxanthine; D000641:Ammonia; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003401:Creatine