title: Risperidone treatment of children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this trial was to investigate the short-term safety and efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of chronic tic disorders in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an 11-week open-label trial and included seven subjects (five boys and two girls) with a mean age of 12.9 +/- 1.9 years. The sample included five patients with Tourette's syndrome and two with chronic motor tic disorder. The children were seen at baseline and for two follow-up visits. Three children had a comorbid diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical response, as measured by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and the Children's version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, revealed a statistically significant reduction in tic scores ranging from 26% [corrected] to 66%. One of three children with comorbid OCD showed substantial improvement; the other two subjects showed no change. The most frequent side effect was weight gain, which ranged from 8 to 14 lb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risperidone, a neuroleptic with both serotonin- and dopamine-blocking properties, appears to be effective in reducing tic frequency and intensity in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-7900, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lombroso
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scahill
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McDougle
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Leckman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018967:Risperidone