title: Interleukin-6-induced serine phosphorylation of transcription factor APRF: evidence for a role in interleukin-6 target gene induction.
abstract: The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) rapidly activates a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor, acute-phase response factor (APRF), by tyrosine phosphorylation. Activation and DNA binding of APRF are inhibited by inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases but not serine/threonine kinases. However, immediate-early gene induction by IL-6 and, as we show here, stimulation of the promoters of the genes for alpha 2-macroglobulin, Jun-B, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are blocked by the serine/threonine kinase inhibitor H7. We now show that IL-6 triggers a delayed phosphorylation of APRF at serine resudues which can be reversed in vitro by protein phosphatase 2A and is also inhibited by H7. Therefore, APRF serine phosphorylation is likely to represent a crucial event in IL-6 signal transduction leading to target gene induction.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemie der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lütticken
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coffer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caldenhoven
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kruijer
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horn
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010879:Piperazines; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; C494088:Stat3 protein, rat; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D010768:Phosphoserine; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D004247:DNA