title: Inhibitory effects of HgCl2 on excitation-secretion coupling at the motor nerve terminal and excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle cell.
abstract: 1. Indirect and direct twitch (0.1-Hz) stimulation of the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm disclosed that the inhibitory effect of HgCl2, 3.7 x 10(-5) M, on the neuromuscular transmission and in the muscle cell, was accelerated by 10-sec periods of 50-Hz tetanic stimulation every 10 min. This activity-dependent enhancement suggested an inhibitory mechanism of HgCl2 related to the development of fatigue, like membrane depolarization or decreased excitability, decreased availability of transmitter, or interference with the factors controlling excitation-secretion coupling of the nerve terminal, i.e. (Ca2+)0 or (Ca2+)i, and excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle cell, i.e., (Ca2+)i. 2. During both indirect and direct stimulation, HgCl2-induced inhibition was enhanced markedly by pretreatment with caffeine, which releases Ca2+ from endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum in the nerve terminal and muscle cell, respectively. This caffeine-induced enhancement was completely antagonized by dantrolene, which inhibits the caffeine-induced release. However, dantrolene alone did not antagonize the HgCl2-induced inhibition. 3. Since caffeine depletes the intracellular Ca2+ stores of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, HgCl2 probably inhibits by binding to SH groups of transport proteins conveying the messenger function of (Ca2+)i. In the muscle cell this leads to inhibition of contraction. In the nerve terminal, an additional enhancement of the HgCl2-induced inhibition, by inhibiting reuptake of choline by TEA and tetanic stimulation, suggested that HgCl2 inhibited a (Ca2+)i signal necessary for this limiting factor in resynthesis of acetylcholine. 4. The (Ca2+)0 signal necessary for stimulus-induced release of acetylcholine was not affected by HgCl2. Hyperpolarization in K(+)-free solution antagonized the inhibitory effect of HgCl2 at indirect stimulation, and Ca(2+)-free solution enhanced the inhibitory effect at direct stimulation. K+ depolarization, membrane electric field increase with high Ca2+, membrane stabilization with lidocaine, and half-threshold stimulation, did not change the inhibitory effect of HgCl CH3HgCl. 1.85 x 10(-5) M, disclosed a synergistic interaction with caffeine during direct, but not during indirect, stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Røed
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Herlofson
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D003620:Dantrolene / Q000494:pharmacology; D003964:Diaphragm; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008627:Mercuric Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012430:Ruthenium Red / Q000494:pharmacology; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds; D012430:Ruthenium Red; D002110:Caffeine; D008627:Mercuric Chloride; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D008012:Lidocaine; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D003620:Dantrolene; D008274:Magnesium; D000109:Acetylcholine; C004925:methylmercuric chloride; D002118:Calcium