title: A case of paroxysmal tonic upward gaze associated with psychomotor retardation.
abstract: The authors report a female with paroxysmal tonic upward gaze similar to the cases reported by Ouvrier and Billson (1988). She developed abnormal eye-movements at the age of six months. Several anticonvulsants and levodopa were not effective in the control of the episodes; however, her upward eye-deviations spontaneously decreased during the one-year observation. Her clinical features were almost identical to those reported by Ouvrier and Billson, except that she had neurodevelopmental disorder and abnormal brain MRI. More data are required to clarify this unique phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hamamatsu City Medical Center for Developmental Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugie
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsurui
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamase
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011859:Radiography; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants