title: Higher proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion is independent of Brunner's glands in rats and rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Duodenal bicarbonate secretion is impaired in patients with duodenal ulcer. Before characterization of any cellular transport defect is possible, the origin of duodenal bicarbonate (epithelial cells and/or Brunner's glands) must be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Brunner's glands in duodenal bicarbonate secretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats, which have Brunner's glands only in the proximal duodenum, and rabbits, which have Brunner's glands throughout the duodenum, were anesthetized. Basal and stimulated (with HCl, prostaglandin E2, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide [VIP]) bicarbonate secretion was measured in three isolated intestinal segments: proximal duodenum, distal duodenum, and proximal jejunum. Mucosal surface area and Brunner's gland thickness was quantitated in each segment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Secretion rates in proximal and distal duodenum and proximal jejunum were significantly different. Normalized proximal-to-distal duodenal gradients in bicarbonate secretion were similar in the two species despite significantly different gradients of Brunner's gland thickness. In rabbits, gradients of bicarbonate secretion and Brunner's gland thickness were not correlated. In both species, HCl, prostaglandin E2, and VIP stimulated secretion in all three segments. If the agonists specifically stimulated Brunner's gland bicarbonate secretion, relationships between gradients of bicarbonate secretion and Brunner's gland thickness would have been anticipated. This was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher rates of bicarbonate secretion in the proximal duodenum than in the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum are independent of Brunner's glands.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ainsworth
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koss
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Isenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002011:Brunner Glands / Q000502:physiology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D015232:Dinoprostone; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid