title: Frequency of phobic disorder in a community sample of young adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the frequency and phenomenology of clinical, subsyndromal, and subthreshold phobias in young adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-stage epidemiological study originally designed to investigate adolescent depression was conducted between 1986 and 1988 in the southeastern United States. In the first stage, a self-report depressive symptom questionnaire was administered to a community sample of 3,283 adolescents. In the diagnostic stage, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children and the Children's Global Assessment Scale were administered to 487 mother-child pairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence rates of clinical, subsyndromal, and subthreshold phobia were 2.3%, 14.5%, and 22.2%, respectively. One-year incidence rates were 0.4%, 8.0%, and 16.9%, with 43.0% of phobic subjects categorized at the same or a more severe level after a year. Females, blacks, subjects not living with both biological parents, and older adolescents were more likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for clinical phobia. The majority (77%) of subjects with clinical phobia experienced multiple phobias. Subsyndromal (52%) and subthreshold (74%) phobics were more likely to experience simple phobias only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phobic symptoms are relatively common at a moderate level and in the majority of adolescents are somewhat transitory in nature. Characteristic symptomatology and comorbidity may facilitate earlier identification of subjects at risk of persistent symptomatology and in need of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: C Z
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: McKeown
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cuffe
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Waller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011581:Psychological Tests; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D013405:Suicide; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology