title: Impact of obstructive sleep apnea and sleepiness on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors and health status in subjects with severe obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of epidemiological data.
  
  
  METHODS
  3034 participants in the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Cohort. Two sub-groups with a high and low likelihood for OSA based on questionnaire data were analysed in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  General health questionnaires, anthropometric data including CT calibrated values for body fat distribution and lean body mass, blood pressure, fasting insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-reported loud snoring and observed breathing pauses (high likelihood of OSA) was associated with increased frequency of WHO Grade 4 dyspnea, admissions to hospital with chest pain, myocardial infarction, blood pressure, fasting insulin, fasting triglyceride (women only), uric acid (women only) after adjustment for body fat distribution and other potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSA may be another medical disorder which contributes to morbidity in severe obesity and is associated with some of the components of the metabolic syndrome observed in the centrally obese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sahlgrens University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Grunstein
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stenlöf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sjöström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid