title: CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor.
abstract: Septic shock caused by a diverse group of bacterial pathogens is a serious human disease. Recognition of bacterial envelope constituents is one mechanism used by mammalian cells to initiate responses leading to bacterial killing or, unfortunately, responses that also cause fatal septic shock. Here we show that CD14 plays a key role in initiating cell activation by a group of bacterial envelope components from Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms, as well as mycobacteria. We propose that CD14 is a receptor used by mammalian cells to recognize and signal responses to a diverse array of bacterial constituents. This finding defines the molecular basis for innate microbial immunity; implicit in these findings are new possibilities for therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pugin
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Heumann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomasz
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kravchenko
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Glauser
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ulevitch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000276:immunology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C050016:lipoarabinomannan