title: Molecular and biochemical characterization of a Coccidioides immitis-specific antigen.
abstract: Results of earlier investigations have indicated that the saprobic phase of Coccidioides immitis produces a heat-stable, 19-kDa antigen with serine proteinase activity which has been suggested to be specific for this pathogenic fungus. In the present study we have determined the N-terminal and partial internal amino acid sequences of the purified, 19-kDa antigen, cloned the gene which encodes this polypeptide, and confirmed that the secreted proteinase is a Coccidioides-specific antigen (CS-Ag). Both the genomic and cDNA sequences are reported and reveal that the csa gene which encodes this antigen has no introns. A 543-bp open reading frame encodes a 181-amino-acid-containing protein with a predicted molecular mass of 19.8 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.3. The csa gene was localized on chromosome I of three representative C. immitis clinical isolates on the basis of Southern hybridizations. Expression of the csa gene in Escherichia coli using the pET21a plasmid vector yielded a recombinant protein that was recognized in immunoblot assays by antibody raised to the purified 19-kDa CS-Ag. Secretion of the native antigen is suggested to occur by cleavage of a putative 23-residue signal peptide. The native CS-Ag showed a low degree of glycosylation. Analysis of the carbohydrate composition of the CS-Ag revealed xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. However, the purified antigen showed no affinity for concanavalin A. A PCR method with specificity and high sensitivity for detection of C. immitis genomic DNA, using a pair of synthetic oligonucleotide primers whose sequences were based on that of the csa gene, was developed. A 520-bp product was amplified only when C. immitis genomic DNA was used as the template. The lower limits of DNA detection using this PCR method were 1 pg of C. immitis genomic DNA by ethidium bromide staining and 100 fg after Southern hybridization. The csa gene-based PCR method for detection of C. immitis DNA is useful for culture identification and may have clinical applications for the diagnosis of coccidioidal infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699-0008, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003045:Coccidioides / Q000276:immunology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D006031:Glycosylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D011994:Recombinant Proteins