title: Contractile responsiveness of ventricular myocytes to isoproterenol is regulated by induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in heterotypic primary culture.
abstract: Unlike large-vessel endothelial cells in cell culture, cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMEC) isolated from adult rat ventricular muscle exhibit little detectable constitutive nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity after isolation in vitro but respond to specific combinations of inflammatory mediators with an increase in inducible NO synthase (iNOS; type 2 NO synthase) activity. CMEC iNOS is induced by soluble inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-activated rat alveolar macrophage-conditioned medium at 24 hours, and this induction can be partially prevented by either interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist or a polyclonal anti-rat tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antiserum. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which by itself does not induce iNOS in CMEC, potentiates and accelerates iNOS induction by IL-1 beta. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) decreases iNOS activity, protein content, and mRNA abundance in IL-1 beta- and IFN-gamma-pretreated CMEC. To determine whether NO released by CMEC would affect myocyte contractile function in vitro, freshly isolated ARVM were allowed to settle onto confluent, serum-starved CMEC that had been pretreated for 24 hours with IL-1 beta, a cytokine that alone does not affect myocyte contractile function in vitro. Baseline contractile amplitude, at 2 Hz and 37 degrees C, of myocytes in heterotypic culture with IL-1 beta-pretreated CMEC was not different from that of myocytes in control, homotypic myocyte cultures. However, cocultured myocytes exhibited decreased contractile responsiveness to 2 nmol/L isoproterenol compared with control cells, and this could be reversed by the addition of 1 mmol/L NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NOS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ungureanu-Longrois
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Balligand
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kobzik
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kunkel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D007545:Isoproterenol