title: Blood levels of cytokines in brain-dead patients: relationship with circulating hormones and acute-phase reactants.
abstract: We hypothesized that increased levels of blood cytokines occur in brain-dead patients, and that these cytokines are responsible for some of the endocrine and/or acute-phase reactant abnormalities found in these patients. We measured blood levels of cytokines, hormones, and acute-phase reactants in 18 brain-dead potential organ donors at the moment of establishing the legal diagnosis of brain death and compared them with levels found in a control group. Although interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were within the normal range, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were clearly above the normal range in all patients (median, 1,444 pg/mL; range, 75 to 11,780). In the brain-dead group, total thyroxine (tT4), free T4 (fT4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin (TSH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), testosterone, albumin, Zn, and osteocalcin levels were decreased, T3 resin uptake index (T3 RUI), corticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol (11-DOC), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHPr), aldosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were normal, and reverse T3 (rT3), renin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were increased. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated significant interrelations between IL-6 and T4, T3, testosterone, and CRP. We also studied the evolution of some of these parameters in four patients with severe head injury who finally developed brain death. IL-6 levels on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were above the normal limits, as in other patients with cranial trauma, but when the patients developed brain death, there was a pronounced increase in IL-6 levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Amado
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López-Espadas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Barquero
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Riancho
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: López-Cordovilla
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: García-Unzueta
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001926:Brain Death / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D006728:Hormones