title: Evaluation of cryopreservation techniques for goat embryos.
abstract: A total of 410 goat embryos were divided at random into 9 groups. Cryoprotectants (glycerol, ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide) were added by a 3-step procedure using increasing concentrations of cryoprotectant (0.5 M; 1 M; 1.5 M) in PBS at 10 min intervals. After freezing and thawing, each cryoprotectant was removed by 3 methods: the classic 3-step procedure (cryoprotectant 1 M-10 min; 0.5 M-10 min; PBS alone-10 min); the same procedure, but with sucrose added to the first 2 steps (sucrose 0.25 M and cryoprotectant 1 M-10 min; sucrose 0.25 M and cryoprotectant 0.5 M-10 min; PBS alone-10 min); and a 2-step procedure with sucrose alone (sucrose 0.25 M-10 min; PBS alone-10 min). Each removal protocol was performed for embryos in each cryoprotectant. The viability of the embryo was evaluated by its capacity to subsequently develop during 48 h in vitro culture. For morulae the development rate of the embryos was significantly higher when they were frozen with ethylene glycol than when dimethylsulfoxide or glycerol was used (P < 0.05). For blastocysts the development rate was the same whether they had been frozen with ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide, and was significantly lower when they were frozen with glycerol (P < 0.05). Among the 3 removal procedures tested, the 3-step procedure with sucrose gave the best development rate and differed significantly from the classic 3-step procedure (P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction Pathology, National Veterinary School of Nantes, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fiéni
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buggin
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bruyas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daubié
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tainturier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol; D006041:Goats / Q000196:embryology*; D008297:Male; D009028:Morula / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005990:Glycerol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide