title: Automatic eye tracker for excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.
abstract: Acute overlapping of successive laser pulses onto the cornea during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is important to avoid refractive distortions. Most excimer laser systems performing corneal ablation lack control of the patient's eye movements and they cannot track the target corneal zone. We developed an eye-tracker based on television monitoring of the pupil and on automatic electro-mechanical deflection of the laser turning mirror, and we applied it to the ExciMed UV200 ArF work station (Summit Technology, Inc., Waltham, Mass.). Basic components are a black and white CCD camera and two fast stepping motors. The circuitry for target discrimination and tracking, and the optical imaging system are designed specifically. The tracker assembly does not interfere with the laser beam path nor with the operator's observation. Tracking of the pupil has been successfully achieved on different color irides, with an accuracy better than 0.1 mm in a 6 x 6 mm2 tracking field. Response time is less than 100 ms. Recordings of eye movements during PRK are presented. Tracking ablations have been performed on moving test eye-balls with plastic corneas. The proposed automatic system appears to be a reliable and effective method for the compensation of patient eye movements appears to be a reliable and effective method during PRK procedures.
authors.affiliation: Laser Medicine Research, Scientific Institute S. Raffaele Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gobbi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carones
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brancato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carena
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fortini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scagliotti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morico
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Venturi
mesh_terms: D003315:Cornea / Q000601:surgery*; D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy; D011680:Pupil; D054140:Refractive Surgical Procedures