title: Sequential induction of nitric oxide synthase by Corynebacterium parvum in different organs of the mouse.
abstract: 1. The ability of Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) to induce nitric oxide (NO) synthase in the macrophage, spleen, liver, aorta, heart and brain, and to elevate plasma NO2-/NO3- in the mouse was investigated. In addition, the relationship between NO synthase activity and blood pressure was studied. 2. C. parvum (100 mg kg-1, i.p.) induced a time-dependent expression of a Ca(2+)-independent NO synthase in the macrophage, spleen, liver, aorta and heart. The time course of induction of the NO synthase varied such that the maximum enzyme activity was at day 8 in the macrophage and liver, day 12 in the spleen and heart and day 16 in the aorta. 3. There was no significant induction of a Ca(2+)-independent NO synthase in the brain, nor was there any change in the Ca(2+)-dependent enzyme in this organ, during the study period. 4. C. parvum produced a gradual decrease in blood pressure, with a maximum fall at day 16 (from 108 +/- 1 mmHg to 79 +/- 3 mmHg), which recovered gradually by day 28. 5. Plasma NO2-/NO3- was significantly elevated between days 8 and 24, with a maximum increase at day 12. 6. These results show that C. parvum induces a Ca(2+)-independent NO synthase in a number of tissues and that this induction occurs initially in macrophages and the liver. This suggests that induction of the NO synthase in the other tissues is secondary and probably the result of activation of macrophages and some cells of the liver. 7. Furthermore, the decrease in blood pressure induced by C. parvum is associated with the induction of NO synthase in the vasculature, whereas the increased concentration of plasma NO2-/NO3- seems to result from the generation of NO by a number of tissues.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: F Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Assreuy
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moncada
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000201:enzymology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013154:Spleen / Q000201:enzymology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D002118:Calcium