title: Short-contact anthralin treatment augments therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporine in psoriasis: a clinical and pathologic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psoriasis is characterized by immune activation and increased epidermal proliferation. Cyclosporine acts by reducing T lymphocyte numbers and lymphokine production. Anthralin inhibits keratinocyte proliferation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether topical anthralin would augment clearing of psoriasis produced by systemic cyclosporine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with psoriasis were treated with cyclosporine (5 mg/kg per day). Patients applied anthralin only to plaques on half of their body. They were treated until a remission or maximum benefit was achieved. Disease activity was assessed by a severity index and quantitative histopathologic markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 12 patients, the skin of five cleared within 10 weeks irrespective of anthralin use. The other seven (slow responders) continued treatment for a mean of 18 weeks. Slow responders had a significantly lower severity index, a thinner epidermis, fewer CD8+ cells, and fewer proliferating keratinocytes on the anthralin-treated side than on the non-anthralin-treated side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of cyclosporine and topical anthralin is effective in patients who are slow to respond to cyclosporine alone.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Heftler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gilleaudeau
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Vallat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Krueger
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000875:Anthralin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D007633:Keratins / Q000187:drug effects; D018655:Lymphocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012074:Remission Induction; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008222:Lymphokines; D007633:Keratins; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000875:Anthralin