title: Roles for nitric oxide as an intra- and interneuronal messenger at NMDA release-regulating receptors: evidence from studies of the NMDA-evoked release of [3H]noradrenaline and D-[3H]aspartate from rat hippocampal slices.
abstract: N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors regulating the release of [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) and D-[3H]aspartate (D-[3H]Asp) were investigated in superfused slices of rat hippocampus in the presence and absence of nitrergic drugs to examine a possible role for nitric oxide (NO) in the release process. In Mg(2+)-free Krebs-Henseleit buffer, the NMDA-evoked release of [3H]NA and D-[3H]Asp was Ca2+ dependent and inhibited by the NMDA antagonist (+/-)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propenyl-1-phosphonic acid. NMDA-stimulated release of [3H]NA was tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.1-2 microM) sensitive, whereas that for D-[3H]Asp was TTX insensitive, indicating that the NMDA receptors involved are differentially localized; those for D-[3H]Asp appear to be presynaptic, whereas those for [3H]NA are extrasynaptic in location. L-Arginine (100 microM), the natural precursor of NO synthesis, enhanced NMDA-evoked release of [3H]NA (100%) and D-[3H]Asp (700%). Exogenous NO donors--sodium nitroprusside, 3-morpholinosyndnomine, and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (all 100 microM)--stimulated the NMDA-evoked release. An exception was the inhibition by nitroprusside of NMDA-evoked release of [3H]NA, where the presence of antioxidants may influence channel activity. Inhibitors of NO synthase (NG-nitro-, NG-methyl-, and NG-amino-L-arginine, all 100 microM) attenuated (50-80%) the NMDA-stimulated release of [3H]NA and D-[3H]Asp, as did KN-62 (10 microM), a specific inhibitor of calmodulin kinase II. Our data support roles for the NO transducing system subsequent to the activation of NMDA release-regulating receptors as both an intraneuronal (presynaptically) and an extraneuronal messenger.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Loiacono
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Beart
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D009638:Norepinephrine