Diagnosis and prognosis of renal-cell tumors: a molecular approach.
This review discusses the impact of molecular genetics on the diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis for renal-cell tumors. Through the use of molecular techniques, it has become possible to divide renal-cell tumors into genetically and biologically well-defined entities. The new classification has many advantages over morphological ones: (1) in contrary to tumor phenotype, genetic markers are constant during tumor progression and allow a precise diagnosis; (2) genetic analysis discriminates between papillary (multiple origin) and nonpapillary renal-cell carcinomas (solitary tumors); (3) genetic analysis allows a precise diagnosis of renal adenoma; (4) the new classification system offers a genetic prognostic system; and (5) the new diagnostic-prognostic system could easily be adapted to modern detection systems such as automated sequence and fragment-length analysis, which allow a quick and correct diagnosis with a high throughput.
Wilhelm
M
M
Abteilung Urologie, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Germany.
Krause
U
U
Kovacs
G
G
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor