title: Thrombolytic therapy of peripheral arterial occlusion with recombinant staphylokinase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recombinant staphylokinase (STAR) induces fibrin-specific coronary artery recanalization in patients with evolving myocardial infarction. The present pilot study evaluates its thrombolytic efficacy, safety, fibrin specificity, and immunogenicity in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients (37 to 86 years of age) with angiographically documented thromboembolic peripheral arterial occlusion of recent origin (21 +/- 5.5 days, mean +/- SEM) were treated with heparin and intra-arterial STAR given as a 1-mg bolus followed by a 0.5-mg/h infusion in 20 patients or as a 2-mg bolus followed by a 1-mg/h infusion in 10 subsequent patients. With 7.0 +/- 0.7 mg STAR infused over 8.7 +/- 1.0 hours, recanalization was complete in 25 patients, partial in 2, and absent in 3. Two major hemorrhagic complications occurred: one fatal hemorrhagic stroke and one hypovolemic shock caused by bleeding at the angiographic puncture site. Administration of STAR did not induce fibrinogen breakdown or a significant prolongation of template bleeding time. STAR-neutralizing activity and anti-STAR IgG were low at baseline, increased markedly from the second week on, and remained elevated for several months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-arterial administration of STAR restores vessel patency in patients with peripheral arterial occlusion in the absence of fibrinogen degradation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanderschueren
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stockx
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilms
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verhaeghe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vermylen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011859:Radiography; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005340:Fibrinogen; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C022653:auR protein, Staphylococcus aureus