title: Evaluating the role of photodynamic therapy in the management of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cancer of the pancreas constitutes one of the major causes of cancer related death throughout the world. A 5-year survival rate of only 2% and a maximum of 20 months median survival in multi modality treatment studies dealing with the most favorable patients only, has been demonstrated. This review analyzes the principal treatments and available experimental data in view of a clinical application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  On the basis of published results, we examined the palliation of pancreatic cancer by chemotherapy alone; radiation alone and multimodality schedules (radiation and chemotherapy). Radical tumor resection was examined as attempted curative treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In reported therapeutic procedures, palliative or potentially curative, median survival was below 2 years. The GTSG reported survival time increases from 10.9 to 21.0 months when surgery is followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. This combination postoperatively does not increase mortality, but adds 30% morbidity. Photodynamic therapy has been demonstrated in preclinical studies to have a selective effect on malignant versus the normal pancreas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT is highly effective in eliciting the destruction of experimental pancreatic tumors with the lack of significant effect on the normal pancreas. The poor prognosis for patients with this disease, especially those patients with advanced disease, warrants closer examination of PDT for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Moesta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schlag
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Douglass
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006224:Cricetinae; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010166:Palliative Care; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015996:Survival Rate