title: Multiple subtypes of phospholipase C are encoded by the norpA gene of Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: The norpA gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C that is essential for phototransduction. Besides being found abundantly in retina, norpA gene products are expressed in a variety of tissues that do not contain phototransduction machinery, implying that norpA is involved in signaling pathways in addition to phototransduction. We have identified a second subtype of norpA protein that is generated by alternative splicing of norpA RNA. The alternative splicing occurs at a single exon that is excluded from mature norpA transcripts when a substitute exon of equal size is retained. The net difference between the two subtypes of norpA protein is 14 amino acid substitutions occurring between amino acid positions 130 and 155 of the enzyme. Results from Northern analyses suggest that norpA subtype I transcripts are most abundantly expressed in adult retina, while subtype II transcripts are most abundant in adult body. Moreover, norpA subtype I RNA can be detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in extracts of adult head tissue but not adult body nor at earlier stages of Drosophila development. Conversely, norpA subtype II RNA can be detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction throughout development as well as in heads and bodies of adults. Furthermore, norpA subtype I RNA is easily detected in retina using tissue in situ hybridization analysis, while subtype II RNA is not detectable in retina but is found in brain. Since only norpA subtype I RNA is found in retina, we conclude that subtype I protein is utilized in phototransduction. Since norpA subtype II RNA is not found in retina but is expressed in a variety of tissues not known to contain phototransduction machinery, subtype II protein is likely to be utilized in signaling pathways other than phototransduction. The amino acid differences between the two subtypes of norpA protein may reflect the need for each subtype to interact with signaling components of different signal-generating pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Shortridge
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D017344:Genes, Insect; D006257:Head; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D043265:Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase; D054801:Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C; D054799:Phospholipase C beta; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D010738:Type C Phospholipases
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012313:RNA; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; C468371:NorpA protein, Drosophila; D054801:Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C; D054799:Phospholipase C beta; D043265:Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase