title: Targeted disruption of the NF-IL6 gene discloses its essential role in bacteria killing and tumor cytotoxicity by macrophages.
abstract: To investigate the role of NF-IL6 in vivo, we have generated NF-IL6 (-/-) mice by gene targeting. NF-IL6 (-/-) mice were highly susceptible to infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Electron microscopic observation revealed the escape of a larger number of pathogens from the phagosome to the cytoplasm in activated macrophages from NF-IL6 (-/-) mice. Furthermore, the tumor cytotoxicity of macrophages from NF-IL6 (-/-) mice was severely impaired. However, cytokines involved in macrophage activation, such as TNF and IFN gamma, were induced normally in NF-IL6 (-/-) mice. Nitric oxide (NO) formation was induced to a similar extent in macrophages from both wild-type and NF-IL6 (-/-) mice. These results demonstrate the crucial role of NF-IL6 in macrophage bactericidal and tumoricidal activities as well as the existence of a NO-independent mechanism of these activities. We also demonstrate that NF-IL6 is essential for the induction of G-CSF in macrophages and fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akira
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umemoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirafuji
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suematsu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001681:Biological Assay; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology*; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000276:immunology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001120:Arginine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide