title: Regulation of gonadotropin subunit messenger ribonucleic acid expression in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-deficient female rats: effects of GnRH, galanin, GnRH-associated peptide, neuropeptide-Y, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
abstract: Gonadotropin subunit mRNA expression is differentially regulated during the 4-day estrous cycle in rats, with LH-beta and FSH-beta mRNA expression rapidly increasing on proestrus. Studies in an ovariectomized (OVX) GnRH-deficient female rat model have shown that GnRH pulses can increase alpha and FSH-beta mRNA concentrations, but LH-beta mRNA is unchanged. Thus, the factors required for physiologic regulation of the LH-beta gene are not fully understood. To determine whether or not the proestrous ovarian hormone environment is required to allow increased expression of the LH-beta gene, GnRH pulses were administered to GnRH-deficient (phenoxybenzamine-treated) intact female rats on proestrus. Both LH and FSH secretion and alpha and FSH-beta mRNA concentrations were increased, but LH-beta mRNA expression was unaltered. The effect of co-administration of GnRH and specific neurohormones (GnRH-associated peptide [GAP], galanin, neuropeptide-Y [NPY], and thyrotropin-releasing hormone [TRH] was also examined in OVX rats receiving estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) replacement. Alpha and FSH-beta mRNA concentrations increased 2-fold in response to pulsatile GnRH, and no further increase was seen after the addition of GAP, galanin, or TRH. It was of interest that NPY blocked the GnRH-induced rise in alpha and FSH-beta mRNA. LH-beta mRNA expression was not increased by GnRH pulses alone or by addition of any of the neuropeptides. Further studies determined that continuous GnRH was no more effective than pulsatile GnRH in stimulating a rise in LH-beta mRNA. The results indicate that GnRH pulses are not sufficient to enhance LH-beta mRNA expression in the GnRH-deficient female rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kerrigan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasin
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Haisenleder
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dalkin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D037201:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit; D019004:Galanin; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000494:pharmacology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011359:Proestrus / Q000187:drug effects; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D037201:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D010455:Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine; C050502:gonadotropin releasing hormone associated peptide; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D019004:Galanin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone