title: Cytokines and the acute phase response to influenza virus in mice.
abstract: This study characterized selected aspects of the acute phase response after intranasal inoculation of mice with two doses of mouse-adapted influenza virus differing in lethality. Mice given 140 plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus (58% survival) gradually decreased food and water intake to nearly zero over 6 days; survivors then slowly increased intakes. Declines in these behaviors were parallel to decreases in body temperature and general locomotor activity and were associated with elevated activities of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferons in lung lavage fluid. Circulating levels of these cytokines were not increased. After 55,000 PFU of virus (100% mortality), food and water intake fell to near zero within 48 h, temperature and locomotor activity decreased significantly, and activities of IL-1 and IL-6 were elevated in lung lavage fluid. These data show that cytokine activities in the lungs are elevated in a time frame that supports the hypothesis that cytokines could mediate behavioral and physiological changes in mice during acute influenza infections.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Conn
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McClellan
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Maassab
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Smitka
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Majde
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kluger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001835:Body Weight; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D009980:Influenza A virus; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007372:Interferons