title: Intake, digestion and small intestinal protein availability in sheep in relation to ammoniation of wheat straw with or without protein supplementation.
abstract: The effects of ammoniation of wheat straw with or without supplementation of protein sources of either high (casein) or relatively low (potato protein) rumen degradability on intake and digestion were studied with four sheep in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Rations offered were: (1) untreated wheat straw (UWS), (2) ammoniated wheat straw (AWS), (3) AWS supplemented with 3.2 g casein/kg live weight (W)0.75 per d (AWSC) and (4) AWS supplemented with 3.9 g potato protein/kg W0.75 per d (AWSP). Straw was offered ad lib. and all rations were supplemented with sugarbeet pulp and a mineral mixture. NH3 treatment increased intake and digestion. Supplementation of AWS with potato protein increased total digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) compared with AWS whereas supplementation with casein did not affect total DOMI. Protein supplementation of AWS significantly reduced rumen digestion of cellulose, and when the supplementation was with casein it reduced rumen digestion of neutral-detergent fibre and hemicellulose also. This lower rumen digestion was compensated by a higher proportion of digestion occurring in the hindgut for hemicellulose (P < 0.05 for AWSC, P > 0.05 for AWSP), but not for cellulose. Across all rations, rumen fluid volume increased with increasing cell-wall intake. The efficiencies of microbial protein synthesis were (average of three different methods of estimation) 23.3, 26.2, 34.8 and 31.7 g N/kg apparently-rumen-degraded organic matter for UWS, AWS, AWSC and AWSP respectively. The difference between UWS and AWS was not significant, but values for AWSC and AWSP were significantly higher than that for AWS. The rumen digestion of feed amino acid-N (AA-N) was significantly higher for AWSC than for the other rations. The apparent small-intestinal digestion of AA-N and N was significantly higher for AWSP than for the other rations. The true small-intestinal digestion values were 0.86, 0.84 and 0.68 for AA-N, N and non-protein-N respectively. Ileal endogenous losses of AA-N were approximately 6 mg/g duodenal non-protein dry-matter flow. Linear relationships were observed between DOMI and N balance and truly absorbed AA-N, indicating that DOMI could have been limited by small-intestinal amino acid availability. Regression of N balance v. truly absorbed AA-N resulted in an estimate of net efficiency of utilization of truly absorbed AA-N or 0.54.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oosting
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Bruchem
authors.forename: X B
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000641:Ammonia