title: Vibrational circular dichroism measurements of ligand vibrations in haem and non-haem metalloenzymes.
abstract: We have measured the vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of the stretching vibrations of azide and cyanide ligated to the Fe3+ atoms of haemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb). The antisymmetric azide-stretch of the low-spin haems have an anomalously large g-value of ca. -1 x 10(-3). In contrast, CN- has a g-value of ca. +2.4 x 10(-3). We also show, for the first time, that a significant VCD occurs for the azide ligand antisymmetric stretches of non-haem proteins; we measure a g-value of ca. -1 x 10(-4) for azide bound to haemerythrin. We have examined the mechanism of the VCD phenomenon by: (1) reconstituting Mb with haems substituted such that they insert differently in the haem pocket; (2) replacing the Fe3+ with Mn3+; (3) examining proteins where replacements occur for E-7 His and E-11 Val distal amino acids close to the haem and (4) examining an Mb mutant where the proximal F-8 His is replaced by Gly, and where an imidazole ligand inserts into the resulting crevice and binds to the haem in a way similar to that of the proximal histidine in the native protein. The VCD anisotropy appears insensitive to the haem substituent replacements used in this study. Exchange of the E-7 distal His or the E-11 Val has a dramatic effect on the g-value. Exchange of the F-8 proximal His reverses the sign of the g-value for the azide complex, but not for the cyanide complex. The work to date indicates that VCD has the potential to become a sensitive technique for examining the structure of metalloenzymes. Work is needed to determine the mechanism giving rise to the large g-values and to correlate the VCD spectrum with the metalloenzyme structure at the active site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bormett
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Asher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barrick
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kurtz
mesh_terms: D001386:Azides; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003486:Cyanides; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008024:Ligands; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000737:chemistry*; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D001386:Azides; D003486:Cyanides; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008024:Ligands; D008667:Metalloproteins; D009211:Myoglobin; D006418:Heme