title: Inhalation anesthetics inhibit the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in the rabbit carotid artery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhalation anesthetics may interfere with the synthesis or action of endothelium-derived vasoactive factors. We investigated the effects of desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on the release of nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in the isolated endothelium-intact carotid artery of the rabbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated segments of the carotid artery were suspended in Krebs-Henseleit solution (37 degrees C) and preconstricted with phenylephrine (1 microM). Relaxations caused by acetylcholine (ACh) (0.03-10 microM) or sodium nitroprusside (0.01-10 microM) were compared in the presence or absence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (0.1 mM) in segments exposed to desflurane (8%), enflurane (2-4%), halothane (2-3.5%), isoflurane (2-4%), or sevoflurane (2%) as well as in NG-nitro-L- arginine-treated segments exposed to enflurane (2%) in combination with the KCa(+)-channel blocker tetrabutylammonium (0.3 mM) or the cytochrome P450 inhibitor clotrimazole (3 microM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Desflurane, enflurane, and sevoflurane selectively inhibited the ACh-induced release of EDHF. Halothane and isoflurane also weakly affected the nitric oxide-mediated relaxant response to ACh. The inhibitory effect of these two anesthetics on EDHF release was concentration-dependent. Relaxations induced by sodium nitroprusside were not inhibited by any of the anesthetics tested. Three structurally unrelated cytochrome P450 inhibitors clotrimazole (0.1 mM), metyrapone (1 mM), and SKF525a (proadifen, 0.1 mM) abolished the EDHF-mediated relaxation elicited by ACh. The pharmacologic profile of the inhibitory effect of enflurane on the release of EDHF closely resembled that of clotrimazole but not that of tetrabutylammonium. Moreover, all anesthetics inhibited the cytochrome P450-catalyzed O-dealkylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin by rabbit liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhalation anesthetics significantly attenuate the EDHF-mediated relaxant response to ACh in the rabbit carotid artery. This effect appears to be attributable to inhibition of the cytochrome P450-dependent synthesis of EDHF by the endothelium.
authors.affiliation: Center of Physiology, Johann Wolgang Goethe University Clinic, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lischke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hecker
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001685:Biological Factors; D015221:Potassium Channels; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D000109:Acetylcholine