Regulation of the interferon-inducible eIF-2 alpha protein kinase by small RNAs.
This review describes the structure and function of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and its interaction with RNA activators and inhibitors. The abilities of small virally-encoded RNAs such as VAI RNA of adenovirus, the Epstein-Barr virus encoded (EBER) RNAs and the Tat-responsive region RNA of HIV-1 to bind to and regulate PKR are reviewed, and the physiological implications of such regulation for the control of viral replication and cell growth are discussed. The potential effects on the activity of PKR of other proteins that bind double-stranded RNA and/or small viral and cellular RNAs are also considered.
Clemens
M J
MJ
Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
Laing
K G
KG
Jeffrey
I W
IW
Schofield
A
A
Sharp
T V
TV
Elia
A
A
Matys
V
V
James
M C
MC
Tilleray
V J
VJ
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D015696:Gene Products, tat; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D007372:Interferons; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase