title: Earlier appearance of impaired insulin secretion than of visceral adiposity in the pathogenesis of NIDDM. 5-Year follow-up of initially nondiabetic Japanese-American men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE--To identify risk factors for development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) during a 5-year longitudinal follow-up of second-generation Japanese-American (Nisei) men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--For 5 years, 137 initially nondiabetic Nisei men were followed with 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests at the initial visit and at 2.5- and 5-year follow-up visits. Body fat distribution was assessed by computed tomography (CT) and body mass index (BMI) calculated at each visit. Fasting insulin and C-peptide, the increment of insulin and C-peptide at 30 min after the oral glucose load, intra-abdominal and total subcutaneous fat by CT, and BMI were compared between those who remained nondiabetic (non-DM) and those who had developed NIDDM at 2.5 years (DM-A) and 5 years (DM-B). RESULTS--At baseline, the DM-A group had significantly increased intra-abdominal fat, elevated fasting plasma C-peptide, and lower C-peptide response at 30 min after oral glucose. At the 2.5-year follow-up, this group had markedly increased fasting plasma insulin and decreased 30-min insulin and C-peptide response to oral glucose. The DM-B group also had significantly lower insulin response at 30 min after oral glucose at baseline but no significant difference in intra-abdominal fat or fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide levels. When this group developed NIDDM by 5-year follow-up, however, an increase of intra-abdominal fat was found superimposed on the pre-existing lower insulin response. Fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide remained low. CONCLUSION--In DM-A, lower 30-min insulin response to oral glucose (an indicator of beta-cell lesion) and increased intra-abdominal fat and fasting C-peptide (indicators of insulin resistance) were the risk factors related to the development of NIDDM. DM-B subjects had a lower 30-min insulin response to oral glucose at baseline and increased intra-abdominal fat at 5-years, when they were found to have NIDDM. Thus, both insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function contribute to the development of NIDDM in Japanese-Americans, and impaired beta-cell function may be present earlier than visceral adiposity in some who subsequently develop NIDDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bergstrom
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Leonetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Newell-Morris
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005215:Fasting; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014781:Viscera
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin