title: Cephalometric comparison of characteristics in chronically snoring patients with and without sleep apnea syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation is to cephalometrically study 50 snoring patients with and without sleep apnea and to determine whether cephalograms can be used as a diagnostic tool to differentiate persons who are chronic snorers from persons with sleep apnea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 30 sleep apnea patients was compared with a sample of 20 chronic snorers without sleep apnea as documented by polysomnography. Forty cephalometric measurements were determined to study various skeletal, soft tissue, and airway abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study showed that both groups presented multiple cephalometric abnormalities. Only four measurements differed significantly between the two samples. In the sleep apnea group the maxilla was retropositioned and the hypoid bone displaced inferiorly and distally as compared to nonapneic snorers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the overall presence of abnormal cephalometric findings in both samples and given similar age and weight ranges, a differential diagnosis between chronic snorers with and without sleep apnea cannot be reliably based on standard cephalometric evaluation alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex., USA.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Frohberg
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Naples
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002508:Cephalometry; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011859:Radiography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000473:pathology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000473:pathology*