title: Postoperative selective bowel decontamination prevents gram-negative bacterial translocation in small-bowel graft recipients.
abstract: Gram-negative septic episodes are a potential risk of small-bowel transplantation; bacterial translocation through the graft is considered the mechanism. As a measure to prevent this complication, we evaluated postoperative selective bowel decontamination (SBD) in the rat model of orthotopic small-bowel transplantation [Lewis (LEW) and Brown-Norway (BN) rats as donors and recipients]. For 4 days after transplantation we gave FK 506, 2 mg/kg, which prevents rejection and results in indefinite recipient survival. For SBD, 24 mg/kg/day polymyxin E and 20 mg/kg/day tobramycin were administered via orogastric gavage to allograft recipients, both with and without FK 506 therapy. On Day 9, all rats were sacrificed, the peritoneal cavity was swabbed, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen, liver, and ileum were harvested for microbial qualitative and quantitative analysis. Animals with positive peritoneal swab cultures were excluded. SBD resulted in a significant reduction of the quantitative gram-negative bacterial flora in the ileum and cecum and of bacterial translocation to the MLN [0% versus 50% (no FK 506 therapy) and 8% versus 50% (FK 506 treated)]. In the allograft groups not treated with FK 506, SBD failed to significantly prolong survival, suggesting that acute rejection is not hastened by infection (bacterial translocation). We conclude that SBD in small-bowel-graft recipients prevents bacterial translocation by reducing intestinal gram-negative bacterial flora; this may reduce local and systemic infections by gut-derived organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heeckt
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Schraut
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D003091:Colistin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000502:physiology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D008643:Mesentery; D011182:Postoperative Care; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014031:Tobramycin; D016559:Tacrolimus; D003091:Colistin