title: Simulation of 'smart' pole vaulting.
abstract: The process of pole vaulting is simulated using a finite element two-dimensional model of the pole and the vaulter. The pole is modelled with 20 beam elements and the vaulter with seven such elements linked together by pin joints. 'Smart' behaviour is achieved through control of limited muscle torques at the joints according to a given strategy. This control strategy is such that the vaulter strives to carry through a prescribed sequence of motions, corresponding to a given style, during a vault. The optimum pole length is determined for a vaulter with given initial velocity, strength and style. When a pole of optimum length is used, the maximum increase of the potential energy of the vaulter is 1.27 times the initial kinetic energy of the vaulter and the pole. This shows that the contribution from muscle work to the increase in potential energy during a vault may be significant. The simulation method should be a useful tool for optimization of pole design. It might also be useful for optimization of vaulting style or for judging the importance of vaulter strength.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Development Centre, Skellefteå, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekevad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lundberg
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology; D009038:Motion; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*