title: Influence of end-stage renal disease and renal transplantation on serum prostate-specific antigen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of dialysis and kidney transplantation on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and to compare these results with those from normal age-matched controls. In addition, to evaluate the efficacy of PSA and digital rectal examination (DRE) for detection of prostate cancer in patients on dialysis and following kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1990 and July 1993 all men in the transplant programme over the age of 40 years who were undergoing pre-transplant evaluation or post-transplant follow-up underwent a yearly DRE and PSA evaluation. Twelve patients were evaluated pre-transplant and 70 patients were evaluated post-transplant. A total of 136 PSA levels were obtained (1.7 per patient). Patients with suspicious findings underwent further evaluation with transrectal ultrasound and biopsies if indicated. Controls were patients without known prostate cancer who had been evaluated in a Prostate Cancer Awareness Clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average PSA values in the study groups were unaffected by either dialysis or transplantation when compared with age-matched controls. In addition, 12 patients who had been on dialysis at the time of their initial evaluation and who subsequently underwent transplantation did not show any difference in their average PSA values pre- or post-transplant. Three patients (4%) were found to have prostate cancer and two underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. They are free of disease 24 and 36 months post-operatively and neither has experienced any decline in renal function. Immunosuppression was not modified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transplantation and dialytic therapy do not appear to affect clinical serum PSA levels. PSA and DRE appear to be equally valid for detection of prostate cancer in patients on dialysis and post-transplant when compared with the general population. Finally, radical prostatectomy appears to be a safe and feasible treatment option in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lowell
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stratta
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen