title: An investigation assessing the fraction of human immunodeficiency virus infection attributable to ethnic group variations in risk.
abstract: Considerable speculation and a recent publication has suggested that much of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in the subset of the UK population represented by women having babies in Metropolitan London is substantially imported from Africa. Other data are supportive of this hypothesis. Ades et al. (1992) concluded that the fraction of HIV seroprevalence, identified in a large London-based study using neonatal blood from the dried blood spots on Guthrie cards, attributable to mothers born in Africa was 92.4% with 95% CI: 82-100%. This is an important observation which requires confirmation. This paper reports on an attempt to do this with closely similar methodology using the Unlinked Anonymous Survey (UAS) of HIV-1 seroprevalence in pregnant women attending antenatal centres, together with data from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) on the country of origins of mothers delivering in 1991 at the 15 London centres included in the UAS. As in Ades' analysis there appeared to be a strong association between centre prevalences and the proportions of women of African origin delivering at those centres. This was consistent with a high fraction of seroprevalence attributable to such women, but it was also clear that the assumptions required for the estimation of the attributable fractions were not fully met. Analyses modified to justify the assumptions produced attributable fraction estimates ranging from 44% to 96% with lower 95% confidence limits 20% or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: PHLS Statistics Unit, London, UK.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicoll
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGarrigle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noone
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D003710:Demography; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology*; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence / Q000639:trends*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors