title: Patterns of excitation and inhibition evoked by horizontal connections in visual cortex share a common relationship to orientation columns.
abstract: Combined optical imaging and electrophysiological techniques were used to assess directly the functional nature of long-range excitatory and inhibitory synaptic interactions between orientation columns in area 17 of ferret visual cortex. A significant correlation was found between the layout of iso-orientation columns and the pattern of evoked synaptic inputs between cortical sites: the largest-amplitude inhibitory and excitatory synaptic responses were evoked in single neurons when stimulation and recording electrodes were located in orientation columns sharing the same angle preference. Both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic responses decreased in amplitude when stimulation and recording electrodes were located in orientation columns with orthogonal angle preferences. Changing the stimulus intensity altered the balance of evoked excitation and inhibition without changing the columnar specificity of inputs. These results directly demonstrate that horizontal connections modulate both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic interactions between iso-orientation columns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weliky
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kandler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004566:Electrodes; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005289:Ferrets; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008863:Microspheres; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione