title: Obstetric antecedents of surgically treated obstetric brachial plexus injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the anatomy of an obstetric brachial plexus lesion (OBPL) is causally related to the preceding obstetric history.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anatomical classification of the OBPL during reconstructive neurosurgical treatment in consecutive infants who had surgery for OBPL between 1986 and 1994 and relating these findings with the characteristics of the preceding birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  De Wever Hospital, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  All infants who had surgical treatment for OBPL between 1 April 1986 and 1 January 1994 (n = 130).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An Erb's C5-C6 injury was preceded more frequently by a difficult breech birth (19/26 cases or 73%). In contrast, the more extensive forms of Erb's palsy classified as a C5-C7 injury or a total palsy with a C5-T1 injury were observed more frequently after complicated cephalic birth (52/59 or 88%, and 43/45 or 96%, respectively). The extent of anatomical damage as expressed by the incidence of an avulsion of one or more spinal nerves was 18/26 (69%) in Erb C5-C6, 13/59 (22%) in Erb C5-C7 and 21/45 (47%) in total C5-T1 palsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Erb's C5-C6 palsy, occasionally bilateral and/or complicated by phrenic nerve injury, was the most frequent form of OBPL after a breech birth. The more extensive form of Erb's palsy and the total palsy were observed more frequently after delivery in a cephalic presentation. The pure form of Erb's palsy and the total palsy were characterised by a higher incidence of nerve avulsions than the extensive form of Erb's palsy.
authors.affiliation: De Wever Hospital, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ubachs
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Slooff
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Peeters
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007746:Labor Presentation; D008297:Male; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy