title: Morphology of sweat glands in determining time of death.
abstract: This study demonstrates post-mortem autolytic alterations in the skin at cellular and subcellular levels and identifies parameters which may assist in determining the time of death in the first few hours post-mortem. Serial skin samples from the ventral surface of the arm were taken at intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 12 h after death in 29 subjects of various ages, with no signs of skin disease; causes of death were various. Three types of tests were performed: cytochemical (hematoxylin-eosin and alcian-PAS), immunohistochemical (S-100, CEA, Cytokeratin, ASM) and ultrastructural (electron microscopy). Electron microscopy proved useful for identifying transformations which were found to be specific for each chronological step considered: reduction of intracellular glycogen in clear cells and reduction of secretory granules in dark cells are typical signs of the first stage (3 h) after death; mitochondrial dilatation and rarefaction of cristae in clear and dark cells are typical of the second stage (6 h); rarefaction of microvilli in dark and clear cells is a sign of the last stage (12 h). Cytochemistry and immunohistochemistry supply useful information--not for all the chronological stage considered here, but for individual phases (3 h for hematoxylin-eosin and 6 h for alcian-PAS). However, it is particularly important to use the results from all such techniques simultaneously, so that the question of the exact time of death within the first 12 h post-mortem may be more accurately answered.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina Legale, Università di Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cingolani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osculati
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tombolini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tagliabracci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghimenton
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000368:Aged; D001329:Autolysis / Q000473:pathology*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D013545:Sweat Glands / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D009418:S100 Proteins; D007633:Keratins