title: The Gracz arteriovenous fistula evaluated. Results of the brachiocephalic elbow fistula in haemodialysis angio-access.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess fistula patency and complication rates in braciocephalic elbow fistulas of both the Gracz and the side-to-side configuration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Life table patency and complications of 50 Gracz fistulas and 23 side-to-side elbow fistulas created between 1988 and 1993 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative patency for the elbow fistulas was 84% after 1 year and 78% after 3 years. No difference was found between the Gracz fistula and the side-to-side elbow fistula. Stenosis was the most frequent indication for revision and thrombosis was the most frequent cause of fistula failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elbow fistula has a long patency with few complications and performs as well as wrist fistulas and better than the graft fistulas reported in the literature. The Gracz elbow fistula has results as good as the side-to-side elbow fistula. Graft fistulas should be reserved for tertiary procedures only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sint Joseph Hospital, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bruyninckx
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gerlag
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk / Q000601:surgery*; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D004550:Elbow; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012086:Reoperation; D014654:Vascular Patency