Inhibitory effects of Egyptian folk medicines on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase.
Extracts of 41 medicinal plants used in Egyptian folk medicine were screened for their inhibitory effects on human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase. The extracts of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica, Quercus pedunculata, Rumex cyprius, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia horrida showed significant inhibitory activity with IC50 < or = 50 micrograms/ml. Through a bioassay guided-fractionation of the methanol extract of the fruit of P. emblica, putranjivain A (1) was isolated as a potent inhibitory substance with IC50 = 3.9 microM, together with 1,6-di-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (2), 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (3), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (4), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (5) and digallic acid (6). The inhibitory mode of action by 1, 2 and 6 was non-competitive with respect to the substrate but competitive with respect to a template-primer. Furthermore, the stereochemistry of 1 was established in this paper by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
el-Mekkawy
S
S
Research Institute for Wakan-Yaku (Traditional Sino-Japanese Medicines), Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
Meselhy
M R
MR
Kusumoto
I T
IT
Kadota
S
S
Hattori
M
M
Namba
T
T
D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D004534:Egypt; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
D010936:Plant Extracts; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase