title: The composition of trigeminal nerve branches in normal adult chickens and after debeaking at different ages.
abstract: The long term effects of amputation of the tip of the beak were studied in adult hens that were debeaked on the day of hatching, at the age of 8 d and at 6 wk, by EM analysis of fibre spectra of the medial branch of the ophthalmic nerve and of the intramandibular nerve. Three categories of fibre were distinguished for further analysis, i.e. unmyelinated axons, small myelinated fibres and large myelinated fibres. In normal birds the ophthalmic nerve contains relatively more large fibres than the intramandibular nerve. Amputation consistently results in a reduction of the number of large fibres and a substantial increase in the number of small myelinated fibres. The proportion of unmyelinated axons is rather variable, but is not affected by beak trimming. Age at debeaking has no effect. The observations are inconclusive concerning the possibility of heightened nociception.
authors.affiliation: Neurobehavioral Morphology, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dubbeldam
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De Bakker
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bout
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001502:Beak / Q000601:surgery; D002645:Chickens / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000502:physiology*; D009882:Ophthalmic Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development