title: Palliation of obstructive nephropathy due to malignancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a prospective study of patients with malignant obstructive uropathy treated actively by percutaneous nephrostomy and J-J ureteric stents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients (27 men, 15 women, median age 62 years, range 29-83) with obstructive nephropathy secondary to malignancy underwent urinary diversion followed, where appropriate, by active treatment of the underlying cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median survival of all patients was 133 (range 7-712) days. Seventeen patients (40%) survived for > 6 months and five (12%) for < 1 month. Patients who had received no prior therapy and for whom further therapeutic options were available were more likely to benefit from urinary diversion. In nine patients (21%) nephrostomy insertion failed to relieve renal failure. In 20 patients (48%) obstructive nephropathy recurred. The procedure was complicated by urinary tract or nephrostomy site infection in 16 patients, by septicaemia in six patients, by percutaneous urine leak in 13 patients and by pelvi-calyceal perforation in two patients, but not by haemorrhage or death. The median percentage of the patients' remaining life which was spent in hospital was 23.6% (range 2.2-100).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients likely to benefit from nephrostomy were those for whom there were therapeutic options available for the treatment of their malignancy. Prolonged survival is possible in obstructive nephropathy secondary to malignancy, which should no longer be cited as an absolute contra-indication to urinary diversion. Patients unlikely to benefit from urinary diversion can also be identified and they should not routinely undergo this intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Pandha
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waxman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent