title: Breech presentation and cesarean section in term nulliparous women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine pregnancy outcome in nulliparous women with single term breech presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the same hospital used different approaches to deliver nulliparous women with singleton breech presentation at term. One department (A) delivered by trial of labor and the other (B) delivered by elective cesarean section. Prospectively and blinded to obstetric condition, parturients were assigned to either department in a systematic alternate fashion. The study period covered 8 years (1985-1992). The pregnancy outcome parameters examined were: Apgar score, intra- and post-partum death and maternal and neonatal morbidity. Neonatal morbidity was classified in three major categories: non-neurological trauma, neurological signs and respiratory problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 264 women of whom 135 delivered in department A and 129 in department B. Department A had 35 vaginal and 100 cesarean births and department B 10 vaginal and 119 cesarean births. There was no intra-partum death and the only post-partum death occurred among vaginal deliveries. The Apgar score was significantly worse at 1 and 5 min in vaginally delivered babies of department B. Neonatal morbidity was significantly more frequent after vaginal births (P < 0.01). Maternal morbidity was significantly higher following cesarean sections (P < 0.01). Babies of vaginal deliveries had significantly higher non-neurological trauma (P < 0.01) and pathological neurological signs (P < 0.01) than those delivered by the abdominal route.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of risk for mother and child in the nulliparous with term singleton breech, suggests cesarean section as the preferred route of delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Leiberman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazor
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karplus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glezerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D001946:Breech Presentation; D002585:Cesarean Section; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome