title: Plasma protein binding of risperidone and its distribution in blood.
abstract: The plasma protein binding of the new antipsychotic risperidone and of its active metabolite 9-hydroxy-risperidone was studied in vitro by equilibrium dialysis. Risperidone was 90.0% bound in human plasma, 88.2% in rat plasma and 91.7% in dog plasma. The protein binding of 9-hydroxy-risperidone was lower and averaged 77.4% in human plasma, 74.7% in rat plasma and 79.7% in dog plasma. In human plasma, the protein binding of risperidone was independent of the drug concentration up to 200 ng/ml. The binding of risperidone increased at higher pH values. Risperidone was bound to both albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The plasma protein binding of risperidone and 9-hydroxy-risperidone in the elderly was not significantly different from that in young subjects. Plasma protein binding differences between patients with hepatic or renal impairment and healthy subjects were either not significant or rather small. The blood to plasma concentration ratio of risperidone averaged 0.67 in man, 0.51 in dogs and 0.78 in rats. Displacement interactions of risperidone and 9-hydroxy-risperidone with other drugs were minimal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mannens
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meuldermans
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Snoeck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heykants
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000097:blood*; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000097:blood*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000378:metabolism; D000068882:Paliperidone Palmitate; D010880:Piperidines / Q000097:blood*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018967:Risperidone; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001798:Blood Proteins; D007555:Isoxazoles; D009961:Orosomucoid; D010880:Piperidines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012709:Serum Albumin; D018967:Risperidone; D000068882:Paliperidone Palmitate