title: A warning detector for urinary incontinence for home health care.
abstract: A telemetry system for monitoring urinary incontinence has been developed using two principles, temperature and impedance changes of a diaper. The system is composed of a pair of sensors, a transmitter, and a receiver. Temperature changes are monitored using thermistors, one in the center of the diaper and the other attached to the abdomen, and the temperature differences between them after urinary incontinence is detected. For the impedance method, two electroconductive cloths as electrodes placed in the diaper are used as sensors. Urine acts as a conductor to produce a current between the sensors. Clinical evaluation showed that both methods operate well; 13 of 17 incontinence episodes were detected using the temperature method and 32 of 35 with the impedance method. The misdetections were caused by faulty sensor arrangement for temperature measurement and by detection of exudates by the conductive sensors. These monitors may be used for the care of elderly people who use diapers for home health care, to save care time and help maintain hygiene.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical and Dental Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimooki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D016496:Incontinence Pads; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013696:Temperature; D013821:Thermometers; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014556:Urine