title: Modification of retroviral RNA by double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase.
abstract: In this report, we describe a recombinant provirus generated during in vitro passage that contains a short region of adenosine-to-guanosine hypermutation. The hypermutated region is restricted to complementary sequences present in the recombinant provirus. We propose that a duplex was formed in the recombinant RNA prior to reverse transcription. This duplex was a substrate for double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase, an activity found in all cells examined that deaminates A in double-stranded RNA, converting it to inosine, which is further converted to a guanosine by reverse transcription. It appears that cis viral sequences facilitated the A-->G transitions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hajjar
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Linial
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001358:Avian Sarcoma Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D015752:Genes, env; D015751:Genes, pol; D006151:Guanosine; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics; D011784:Quail; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012367:RNA, Viral; C039919:RNA, recombinant; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D006151:Guanosine; D012313:RNA; C567955:ADARB1 protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D000241:Adenosine