title: Decreased expression of the CFTR protein in remodeled human nasal epithelium from non-cystic fibrosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In normal adult pseudostratified human nasal surface epithelium, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is localized to the apical domain of the ciliated cells, whereas in cystic fibrosis (CF), the mutated delta F 508 CFTR exhibits an abnormal cytoplasmic localization. Frequent airway injuries either in CF or non-CF patients may induce a remodeling of the surface epithelium characterized by a change in the morphological structure from normal columnar pseudostratified epithelium to either basal cell hyperplasia, mucous cell hyperplasia, or squamous metaplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The localization of CFTR parallel to markers of cell differentiation, such as cytokeratin 14 (CK14, a marker of basal cells), cytokeratin 18 (CK 18, a marker of ciliated and mucous cells), cytokeratin 13 (CK13, a marker of squamous metaplasia cells), and desmoplakins (DP) 1 and 2 (markers of desmosomes) was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal pseudostratified epithelium, CFTR was detected at the apical plasma membrane of the ciliated cells, CK14 was identified in basal cells of focal areas, CK18 was localized in both ciliated and mucous cells, CK 13 was detected in all basal cells, and DP 1 and 2 were preferentially detected at the interface between columnar and basal cells. In basal cell hyperplasia, CFTR was poorly expressed in the cytoplasm of the more superficial cells, CK14 and CK13 were localized in basal cell multilayers, CK18 labeling was present in the more superficial cell layers, and DP 1 and 2 were preferentially detected at the interface between the more basal cells. In squamous metaplasia, CFTR labeling was either very low or even undetectable, CK14 was found in focal areas of the more basal cell layers, CK18 labeling was either very low or undetectable, CK13 expression was restricted to the flattened cells toward the epithelial surface, and DP 1&2 were intensively present between all the epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the localization of CFTR in human nasal surface epithelium is related to the differentiation state of this epithelium. Abnormally low expression of the CFTR protein may not only be caused by CFTR gene mutations but can also be associated with airway surface epithelium dedifferentiation and remodeling.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 314, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brezillon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dupuit
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hinnrasky
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kälin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tümmler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puchelle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D051180:Desmoplakins; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000737:chemistry / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D051180:Desmoplakins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D007633:Keratins