title: Ca2+ x calmodulin prevents myristoylated alanine-rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 rat glioma cells.
abstract: Ionomycin stimulated membrane-associated protein kinase Cs (PKCs) activity in C6 rat glioma cells as much as the potent PKCs stimulator 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). However, while TPA, as expected, powerfully stimulated the phosphorylation of the PKCs' 85-kDa myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS) protein, ionomycin unexpectedly did not. Instead, ionomycin reduced the basal MARCKS phosphorylation. Pretreating the glioma cells with ionomycin prevented TPA-stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating the MARCKS protein. The stimulation of membrane PKCs activity and the prevention of MARCKS phosphorylation by ionomycin required external Ca2+ because they were both abolished by adding 5 mM EGTA to the culture medium. Recently (Chakravarthy, B. R., Isaacs, R. J., Morley, P., Durkin, J. P., and Whitfield, J. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1362-1368), we proposed that Ca2+ x calmodulin complexes block MARCKS phosphorylation by the activated PKCs in keratinocytes stimulated by raising the external Ca2+ concentration. In the present experiments calmodulin prevented MARCKS phosphorylation by TPA-stimulated PKCs in glioma cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide. But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact glioma cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium, prevented ionomycin from blocking MARCKS phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and TPA-stimulated cells. The effect of ionomycin on MARCKS phosphorylation was not due to the stimulation of Ca2+ x calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, because cyclosporin A, a potent inhibitor of this phosphatase, did not stop ionomycin from preventing MARCKS phosphorylation. The ability of ionomycin to prevent TPA-stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating MARCKS depended on whether ionomycin was added before, with, or after TPA. Maximum blockade occurred when ionomycin was added before TPA but was less effective when added with or after TPA. These results indicate that Ca2+ x calmodulin can profoundly affect PKCs' signaling at the substrate level.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morley
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Whitfield
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000076250:Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C000619711:Marcks protein, mouse; C000619712:Marcks protein, rat; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D000076250:Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate; D015759:Ionomycin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium