title: Omeprazole versus ranitidine as adjunct therapy to endoscopic injection in actively bleeding ulcers: a prospective and randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although high rates of initial hemostasis can be achieved with endoscopic injection therapy in actively bleeding ulcers, the incidence of rebleeding is not negligible. Optimal conditions for clotting may require achieving deep and sustained acid inhibition to avoid the deleterious effect of acid and pepsin secretions on the hemostatic process. The aim of this study was to assess whether omeprazole could improve the efficacy of ranitidine as an adjunct treatment in endoscopic injection therapy to avoid rebleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six patients with active arterial bleeding from a peptic ulcer disclosed at emergency endoscopy were included in this prospective trial. All patients received injections of 1:10,000 adrenaline. Subsequently, they were randomized to receive either intravenous omeprazole (n = 45), with an initial dose of 80 mg followed by 40 mg every eight hours for four days and thereafter with oral administration; or ranitidine (n = 41), 50 mg every six hours for 12 to 24 hours and thereafter with oral administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were well matched in terms of clinical and endoscopic data. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to: further bleeding (29% in both groups), need for emergency surgery (20% in the omeprazole group vs. 22% in the ranitidine group), transfusion requirements (2.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 2.2 +/- 2.1 units), length of hospital stay (14.1 +/- 13.9 vs. 15.3 +/- 15.4 days), or mortality (7% vs. 2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that omeprazole does not improve the efficacy of ranitidine after endoscopic injection therapy in patients with an active arterial bleeding ulcer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balanzó
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Torras
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sáinz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vilardell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D011899:Ranitidine; D009853:Omeprazole