title: Analysis of amelogenin proteins using monospecific antibodies to defined sequences.
abstract: Amelogenins are the predominant proteins found in the developing enamel matrix and are believed to play a crucial role in normal mineralization. Although the amelogenin gene is found as a single copy in all species in which it has been examined, multiple amelogenin polypeptides ranging in size from 5 to 25 kDa are obtained upon extraction of developing enamel matrix, making identification and characterization of individual components difficult. This heterogeneity may be ascribed to transcription of divergent genes located on the X and Y chromosomes, alternative splicing of the primary transcripts, physiologic degradative processing, and artefactual degradation. In order to characterize individual components, antibodies were produced to the following peptides: (1) QPLQPMQPMQPLQPLQPL (corresponding to the repeat sequence encoded only in the bovine X chromosome gene), (2) IRHPPLPP (corresponding to a unique sequence generated by alternative splicing found in leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP), (3) LPDLPLEAWPATDKTKREEVD corresponding to the amelogenin carboxy-terminus. Amelogenin proteins obtained from fetal bovine molars were subjected to SDS PAGE and Western electrotransfer, and immuno-ultrastructural analysis. These analyses demonstrated that: (1) the distribution of amelogenin polypeptides isolated from male fetuses differed appreciably from that of females, (2) the LRAP junctional peptide sequence can be specifically identified, and (3) the LRAP peptide can be immunolocalized in the enamel matrix of both males and females.
authors.affiliation: Research Center in Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kucich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenbloom
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D000566:Amelogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D053523:Amelogenin; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000378:metabolism; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D007930:Leucine / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D014074:Tooth Calcification / Q000235:genetics; D014083:Tooth Germ / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053523:Amelogenin; D000906:Antibodies; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C041069:carboxyl radical; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D007930:Leucine