title: Tamoxifen and somatostatin affect tumours by inducing apoptosis.
abstract: Tamoxifen is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in human breast cancer, although some tumours develop resistance. Somatostatin is also being introduced as an anti-tumour agent. Here we show that the action of these drugs is, at least partly, due to their induction of apoptosis. Both 50 nM somatostatin, and 60 nM tamoxifen significantly enhanced the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis, when compared to untreated or oestrogen treated control cells. This effect was observed in SK-N-BE(2) human neuroblastoma cells and in MCF-7G human breast cancer cells but not in their drug-resistant counterpart MCF-7A which showed a very low rate of spontaneous programmed cell death. Finally, we propose a simple test of the sensitivity and resistance of individual tumours to these agents by assessing their ability to induce apoptosis in vitro as measured by flow cytometry.
authors.affiliation: IDI-IRCCS Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Candi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melino
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Laurenzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guerrieri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spinedi
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D013629:Tamoxifen; D013004:Somatostatin