title: Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on the cerebral vascular response to hypercapnia in primates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of nitric oxide in cerebrovascular response to changes in PCO2 is unclear. In the present study, we assessed responses at two levels of hypercapnia in a primate model before and after blockade of nitric oxide synthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the effects of two levels of hypercapnia, defined as PCO2 of approximately 70 mm Hg (high-CO2 group, n = 5) and PCO2 of approximately 50 mm Hg (moderate-CO2 group, n = 6), on increases in regional cerebral blood flow (microspheres) before and after inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 60 mg.kg-1) in isoflurane-anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys (1.0% end-tidal concentration).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before L-NAME administration, hypercapnia increased flow in all regions (eg, forebrain, high-CO2 group 69 +/- 10 to 166 +/- 15 mL.min-1.100 g-1; moderate-CO2 group, 49 +/- 7 to 93 +/- 15 mL.min-1.100 g-1) and decreased cerebral vascular resistance (high-CO2, 1.1 +/- 0.1 to 0.4 +/- 0.1 mm Hg.mL-1.min.100 g; moderate-CO2, 1.4 +/- 0.1 to 0.7 +/- 0.1 mm Hg.mL-1.min.100 g). During normocapnia, L-NAME decreased cerebral blood flow (high-CO2, 37 +/- 9%; moderate-CO2, 40 +/- 6%) and increased cerebral vascular resistance (high-CO2, 93 +/- 33%; moderate-CO2, 88 +/- 20%). After L-NAME, hypercapnia still increased blood flow in all regions (eg, forebrain: high-CO2, 56 +/- 7 to 128 +/- 3 mL.min-1.100 g-1, moderate-CO2, 36 +/- 5 to 57 +/- 8 mL.min-1.100 g-1) and decreased vascular resistance (high-CO2, 1.5 +/- 0.1 to 0.6 +/- 0.1 mm Hg.mL-1.min.100 g; moderate-CO2, 2.0 +/- 0.3 to 1.2 +/- 0.1 mm Hg.mL-1.min.100 g). In both groups L-NAME attenuated hypercapnia hyperemia by approximately 30% in cortex but not in other regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nitric oxide contributes to basal vascular tone but is not a major contributor to the mechanism of hypercapnia-induced cerebral vasodilation, except in cortex, in primates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md 21287, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ghaly
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Traystman
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D000882:Haplorhini; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D010100:Oxygen; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester