title: Bladder cancer among French farmers: does exposure to pesticides in vineyards play a part?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To appraise the potential contribution of pesticides sprayed on vineyards to the genesis of bladder cancer among agricultural workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pesticide exposure index (PEI), based on labour time and the proportion of agricultural land used as vineyards, was constructed for 89 French geographical units (départements). The standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for bladder cancer, as well as tobacco consumption and economic status of male farmers and farm labourers aged 35-74 in the same areas were estimated for the period 1984-6. Models were fitted to the geographical data with Poisson regressions and extra-Poisson models with geographically structured and unstructured random effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality from bladder cancer among farmers was lower (but not significantly so) than within the overall population (SMR 0.96, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.85-1.08), but there was a significant link with exposure to pesticides in vineyards by univariate analysis (relative risk (RR) 1.17, 95% CI 1.10-1.24) and by multivariate analysis (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results add some evidence to the view that pesticides in vineyards cause mortality from bladder cancer among farmers, and could explain the French south-north gradient in bladder cancer, as vineyards are mainly located in Southern France.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Viel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Challier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides