title: Comparing subcutaneous danaparoid with intravenous unfractionated heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and safety of two subcutaneous doses of danaparoid with that of continuous intravenous administration of unfractionated heparin in the treatment of venous thromboembolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open-label, randomized, multicenter clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  One university hospital and two university-affiliated hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  209 patients suspected to have venous thromboembolism. Of these, 188 had a confirmed diagnosis (by ventilation-perfusion lung scan and ultrasonography or contrast venography of the leg) and received study medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to either low-dose danaparoid (intravenous loading dose of 1250 U followed by 1250 U administered subcutaneously twice daily [n = 65]); high-dose danaparoid (intravenous loading dose of 2000 U followed by 2000 U administered subcutaneously twice daily [n = 63]); or unfractionated heparin (intravenous loading dose of 2500 U followed by dose-adjusted continuous infusion [n = 60]). Treatment lasted at least 5 days and was continued until anticoagulation (achieved with acenocoumarol) was adequate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Efficacy determined clinically and by repeated imaging tests on treatment days 5 to 8; safety determined by daily assessment for bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two lung scans were done in each of 179 patients; ultrasonography or venography of the leg was done twice in each of 173 patients; and both repeated leg and lung tests were done in 166 patients. A significant reduction in recurrence or extension of venous thromboembolism was seen in patients receiving high-dose danaparoid (8 of 63 [13%]) compared with patients receiving intravenous unfractionated heparin (17 of 60 [28%]; relative risk, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.21 to 0.96]). Four of 61 patients receiving high-dose danaparoid (7%) and 14 of 58 patients receiving unfractionated heparin (24%) had recurrence of pulmonary embolism (relative risk, 0.27 [CI, 0.09 to 0.78]); 3 of 58 patients receiving high-dose danaparoid (5%) and 6 of 54 patients receiving unfractionated heparin (11%) had recurrence of deep venous thrombosis (relative risk, 0.47 [CI, 0.12 to 1.77]). Occurrence of major and minor bleeding was similar in the three groups; major bleeding occurred in 1 patient receiving low-dose danaparoid, 1 patient receiving high-dose danaparoid, and 2 patients receiving heparin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that high-dose danaparoid is safer and more effective than unfractionated heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: de Valk
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Banga
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wester
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: van Hessen
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Meuwissen
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sixma
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006496:Heparinoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006493:Heparin; D006496:Heparinoids; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; C035838:danaparoid