title: Cyclo-oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase isoforms in rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy.
abstract: 1. The profiles of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms were determined in the rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy model of acute inflammation. 2. The enzymes were assessed in peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL) cell pellets taken from untreated animals and at 2, 6 and 24 h after injection of the irritant in pleural exudate cell pellets and lung homogenates. 3. COX activity was assessed by the generation of prostacyclin (PGI2, measured as the stable metabolite, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were also carried out. 4. NOS activity was based on the conversion of [3H]-L-arginine to [3H]-L-citrulline in the presence (total NOS activity) or absence of Ca2+ (inducible NOS; iNOS). 5. Peripheral blood leucocyte samples contained low levels of COX activity. In pleural exudate cell pellets, COX activity peaked at 2 to 6 h after injection of the carrageenin. At 24 h, COX activity was significantly reduced. 6. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the inducible isoform of COX (COX-2), was the predominant enzyme at all time points. Low levels of COX-2 were seen in PBLs. In pleural exudate cell pellets maximal COX-2 protein levels were seen at 2 h. 7. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the findings of Western blot studies. Approximately 10% of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in PBLs from untreated animals were immunopositive for COX-2. In cell pellet smears from carrageenin-induced pleurisy taken 2 h after injection of the irritant, PMNs were also the major source of COX-2 immunoreactivity. A small proportion of macrophages and mesothelial cells were also immunolabelled for COX-2.8. Low levels of NOS activity were seen in PBLs. In pleural exudates NOS activity was maximum at 6 h and greatly reduced by 24 h. This activity was solely attributable to iNOS.9. The present results illustrated a similar profile of COX and NOS activity in the carrageenin-induced pleurisy model of acute inflammation. It was demonstrated that COX-2 and iNOS were the predominant isoforms of their respective enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pathology, William Harvey Research Institute, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Appleton
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gilroy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Willoughby
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002351:Carrageenan; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D002351:Carrageenan; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D015232:Dinoprostone