title: Effects of modified low density lipoprotein and hypoxia on the expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM-1 or CD62E) plays a role as an early event of atherogenesis. It is well known that interleukin-1 (IL-1) expresses ELAM-1 on vascular endothelial cells. We have examined pathological factors that induce ELAM-1 expression on cultured endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Examined factors were native low density lipoprotein (LDL), oxidized LDL, glycated LDL, hypoxia, and IL-1. Peroxidation of LDL was performed by ultraviolet radiation. Hypoxia was reproduced by adding a hypoxic cell-culture medium that was deoxygenated by use of a vacuum pump and nitrogen gas. Endothelial cells were harvested from a porcine aorta and were allowed to proliferate to be subconfluent in slide chambers. Expression of ELAM-1 was evaluated by counting the number of cells that were characterized by positive staining with the immunohistochemical technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without any stimulants, about 6.9% of the endothelial cells expressed ELAM-1. Weakly oxidized LDL (12 pmol/micrograms protein) significantly expressed ELAM-1 (14.8%) after an incubation period of 1 hour. Glycated LDL induced significant expressions (12.6%) in a fructosamine concentration of 65 pmol/micrograms protein. A one-hour incubation with a hypoxic culture medium expressed ELAM-1 in 16.3% of the cells. Native LDL did not cause any significant increases in the percentage. IL-1 expressed ELAM-1 in 30% of the cells even with as low a concentration as 3.1 U/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that not only IL-1 but also weakly oxidized LDL, glycated LDL, and hypoxia may be possible factors that cause the expression of ELAM-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D019040:E-Selectin; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL