title: Growth-inhibitory effect of 2-CdA on myeloid CFU-GM progenitors in normal human long-term bone marrow cultures and its compensation by G-CSF or IL-3.
abstract: As neutropenia is a common side effect of treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA), we investigated the myelosuppressive action of 2-CdA in Dexter-type human long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs). LTBMCs were incubated with varying doses of 2-CdA (5 to 20 nM/L) during the first week. At 20 and 10 nM/L 2-CdA, we found a marked reduction in colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) production throughout the culture period of 7 weeks (maximum reduction to 3.5% of untreated control cultures with 20 nM/L and to 27.2% with 10 nM/L, respectively). Even the lowest 2-CdA dose tested (5 nM/L) strongly reduced the number of CFU-GM progenitors during the first 3 weeks (maximum reduction to 52.4% of untreated controls), but this effect was transient, and values had recovered to normal within in 5 weeks. 2-CdA was also shown to cause a dose-dependent decrease in long-term culture-initiating cell (LTCIC) detections after 5 weeks in culture (49.6% of control cultures with 10 nM/L 2-CdA and 14% with 20 nM/L 2-CdA, respectively). When 2-CdA was added to LTBMCs initiated on preformed irradiated stromal feeder layers, similar results on CFU-GM production were obtained, indicating that the effects observed were not secondary to effects on the formation of a supportive layer. In addition, IL-6-concentrations in the supernatant of LTBMCs measured at various intervals after the addition of fresh medium with or without 2-CdA showed no significant decrease in cultures treated with 2-CdA. As neutropenia has been shown to be associated with a small but significant risk of fatal infection, we subsequently investigated the reversal potential of the 2-CdA effect by addition of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) or rh interleukin-3 (rhIL-3). The weekly addition of 100 ng/mL rhG-CSF counteracted the 2-CdA-mediated decrease in CFU-GM numbers during the entire period of 7 weeks, reaching statistical significance from weeks 3 to 7 (p < 0.05). Addition of rhIL-3 (100 ng/mL) showed an enhancement of CFU-GM output in 2-CdA-treated cultures that resulted in their numbers exceeding those in control cultures (without 2-CdA) from weeks 1 to 5 (p < 0.05) with a maximum increase of 5.1-fold over the parallel control value at week 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Petzer
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Geisen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bilgeri
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zilian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Braunsteiner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Konwalinka
mesh_terms: D015762:2-Chloroadenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003839:Deoxyadenosines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D003839:Deoxyadenosines; D007377:Interleukin-3; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015762:2-Chloroadenosine; C055994:2-chloro-3'-deoxyadenosine