title: Differential patterns of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (cVCAM-1) during liver allograft rejection.
abstract: During allograft rejection, adhesion molecules play an integral role in infiltration, activation, and binding of effector cells to target tissue. Some adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, exist in soluble, circulating forms that retain ligand-binding activity. In the present study the levels of circulating ICAM-1 (cICAM-1) and VCAM-1 (cVCAM-1) were compared in the serum and bile of pediatric liver recipients. The cICAM-1 was significantly elevated in the serum during allograft rejection and infection relative to periods when no rejection was apparent. Biliary cICAM-1, however, was specifically elevated during rejection and not during infection or when no rejection was apparent. The cVCAM-1 levels were elevated in the serum during rejection compared with levels when no rejection was evident. In contrast, cVCAM-1 was not detected in the bile. Serum levels of both cICAM-1 and cVCAM-1 decreased rapidly following successful treatment for rejection, whereas elevated levels persisted, or increased, in ongoing rejection. The differential patterns of the circulating forms of ICAM-1 and cVCAM-1 were consistent with the membrane expression of these molecules during graft rejection. ICAM-1 expression was extensive on bile duct epithelium, endothelium, hepatocytes, and infiltrating leukocytes during rejection, while VCAM-1 was restricted to endothelium. These findings indicate that the release of circulating adhesion molecules is a prominent feature of liver allograft rejection. Measurement of these markers may be useful in distinguishing rejection from infection and in determining the efficacy of treatment for rejection.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco 94115.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Krams
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004848:Epithelium / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1