title: Long-term prognostic significance of M mode echocardiography in young men after myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the power of measurements of left ventricular size and function for predicting long term (82 month) mortality by performing echocardiography in 97 men who had survived an acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital specialising in cardiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  97 consecutive male patients who had survived a myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The additive prognostic value of functional measurements to that provided by primary risk factors (smoking habits and lipoprotein levels), radiological heart size, exercise capacity, and number of major coronary arteries with haemodynamically significant stenoses was evaluated. An echo index was calculated from three echocardiographic variables (yielding one score point each if: left ventricular diameter at the end of diastole (LVDD) > or = 5.7 cm, left ventricular fractional shortening < or = 24%, and E point-separation (EPSS) > or = 10 mm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  17 cardiac deaths occurred during follow up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed that treatment with loop diuretics for heart failure (P < 0.01), LVDD (P < 0.01), left ventricular diameter at the end of systole (LVDS) (P < 0.001), left atrial diameter (P < 0.001), fractional shortening (P < 0.05), and echo index (P < 0.001) were all associated with cardiac death. Angiographically determined regional wall motion disturbances (P < 0.005) and angiographic ejection fraction (P < 0.001) were also associated with cardiac death, as was the number of major coronary arteries with significant stenosis (P < 0.05). When all significant echocardiographic variables from univariate analysis were entered into Cox proportional hazards survival analysis, LVDS and left atrial diameter contributed independently to the prediction of cardiac death. If angiographic data were also entered into the model, the echo index made an independent contribution to the prediction of cardiac death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among young male patients with a previous myocardial infarction, a simple M mode echocardiographic examination can identify high and low risk patients and improve the prediction of cardiac death made from clinical information, exercise test, chest x ray and angiographically determined ejection fraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caidahl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamsten
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: de Faire
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rehnqvist
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lindvall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left