title: Ethanol enhances growth factor activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism.
abstract: Excessive alcohol consumption alters neuronal growth and causes striking elongation of axons and dendrites in several brain regions. This could result from increased sensitivity to neurotrophic factors, since ethanol markedly enhances nerve growth factor (NGF)- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-stimulated neurite outgrowth in the neural cell line PC12. The mechanism by which ethanol enhances growth factor responses was investigated by examining activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), a key event in growth factor signaling. Ethanol (100 mM) increased NGF- and bFGF-induced activation of MAP kinases. This increase, like ethanol-induced increases in neurite outgrowth, was prevented by down regulation of beta, delta, and epsilon protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes. Since chronic ethanol exposure specifically upregulates delta and epsilon PKC, these findings suggest that ethanol promotes neurite growth by enhancing growth factor signal transduction through a delta or epsilon PKC-regulated pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94110.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roivainen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hundle
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Messing
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D000431:Ethanol; D014443:Tyrosine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate