title: Inhibitory effects of Egyptian folk medicines on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase.
abstract: Extracts of 41 medicinal plants used in Egyptian folk medicine were screened for their inhibitory effects on human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase. The extracts of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica, Quercus pedunculata, Rumex cyprius, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia horrida showed significant inhibitory activity with IC50 < or = 50 micrograms/ml. Through a bioassay guided-fractionation of the methanol extract of the fruit of P. emblica, putranjivain A (1) was isolated as a potent inhibitory substance with IC50 = 3.9 microM, together with 1,6-di-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (2), 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (3), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (4), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (5) and digallic acid (6). The inhibitory mode of action by 1, 2 and 6 was non-competitive with respect to the substrate but competitive with respect to a template-primer. Furthermore, the stereochemistry of 1 was established in this paper by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Wakan-Yaku (Traditional Sino-Japanese Medicines), Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: el-Mekkawy
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Meselhy
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Kusumoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Namba
mesh_terms: D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D004534:Egypt; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase