title: Inhibition by cromakalim, pinacidil, terbutaline, theophylline and verapamil of non-cholinergic nerve-mediated contractions of guinea-pig isolated bronchi.
abstract: Contractions induced by electrical field stimulation of sensory non-cholinergic excitatory nerves in guinea-pig isolated bronchi are due to the release of substance P (SP) and related tachykinins. Release of such neuropeptides are thought to play a pathophysiological role in asthma. Two K+ channel openers cromakalim (pD2 = 6.45; Emax = 95%) and pinacidil (pD2 = 6.06; Emax = 87%) were shown to concentration-dependently inhibit non-cholinergic nerve-mediated contractions in guinea-pig bronchi in vitro. Cromakalim (pD2 = 6.27; Emax = 25%) and pinacidil (pD2 = 6.03; Emax = 25%) each had a much lower inhibitory efficacy against contractions induced by exogenously applied SP but the same potency as found against contractile responses to non-cholinergic neurostimulation. Also the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline (pD2 = 8.29; Emax = 83%), the xanthine derivative theophylline (pD2 = 4.19; Emax = 100%) and the Ca2+ blocker verapamil (pD2 = 5.55; Emax = 100%) suppressed responses to non-cholinergic neurostimulation. Terbutaline (pD2 = 6.32; Emax = 74%), theophylline (pD2 = 3.25; Emax = 71%) and verapamil (pD2 = 4.01; Emax = 100%) had a 10-100-fold lower inhibitory potency against SP-induced contractions but each drug showed about the same efficacy as found against nerve-mediated contractions. Glibenclamide (1 microM) reversed the inhibitory effects of cromakalim and pinacidil on neurally-mediated contractions but did not influence the effects of terbutaline, theophylline and verapamil. The results demonstrate that cromakalim, pinacidil, terbutaline, theophylline and verapamil inhibit non-cholinergic excitatory neurotransmission in guinea-pig bronchi and suggest that they act preferentially at a pre-junctional site.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nielsen-Kudsk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mellemkjaer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thirstrup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019806:Cromakalim; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects*; D020110:Pinacidil; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013373:Substance P / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D006146:Guanidines; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011758:Pyrroles; D019806:Cromakalim; D013373:Substance P; D020110:Pinacidil; D013806:Theophylline; D014700:Verapamil; D013726:Terbutaline