title: Evidence for a protein synthesis-dependent and -independent TNF alpha cytolytic mechanism.
abstract: The analysis of the effect of the protein synthesis inhibitors emetine (EM) or actinomycin D (ACT-D) on the TNF alpha-mediated cytolysis of L929 target cells demonstrates a biphasic, concentration (10(-12)-10(-4) M)-dependent curve indicative of two cytolytic mechanisms operative in L929 cells. One TNF alpha cytolytic mechanism is dependent on protein synthesis in the target cells, while the other cytolytic mechanism is protein synthesis independent. Both TNF alpha cytolytic mechanisms cause apoptosis (fragmentation of DNA) as shown by the TNF alpha-mediated release of tritiated thymidine, Apoptag, and DAPI staining, in the presence or absence of EM or ACT-D. The two cytolytic mechanisms are also similar in their requirement for lipoxygenase enzymes as shown by the ability of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (10(-6)-10(-5) M) and ketoconazole (4 x 10(-6)-2 x 10(-5) M) to block TNF alpha-mediated lysis of the target cells. However, the two cytolytic mechanisms differ in their requirement for the production of oxygen free radicals. The oxygen free radical scavengers, dimethylsulphoxide (0.2-0.4 M) and glutathione (2 x 10(-6)-10(-5) M) block the TNF alpha-mediated cytolysis of target cells in the absence of protein synthesis inhibitors, but not in the presence of EM or ACT-D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco 94120, USA.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004640:Emetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003609:Dactinomycin; D005978:Glutathione; D004640:Emetine; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide