title: Chemotherapeutic activity of levofloxacin (HR 355, DR-3355) against systemic and localized infections in laboratory animals.
abstract: Ofloxacin, its optical isomers levofloxacin (HR 355, DR-3355) and D-ofloxacin (DR-3354) and ciprofloxacin were administered orally to mice and rats which had systemic and localized infections. Both levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were equally effective in treating systemic murine infections caused by staphylococci. Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa with ED50s ranging from 0.18 to 15.8 mg/kg and 0.42 to 16.3 mg/kg respectively and both these agents were twice as effective as ofloxacin which had an ED50 0.41 to 39.7 mg/kg. In contrast, D-ofloxacin was either inactive or exhibited only modest chemotherapeutic activity against the staphylococci and the Gram-negative organisms tested. When given to mice to treat staphylococcal abscesses and lung infections due to Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S levofloxacin was up to four times more effective and produced a more pronounced bactericidal effect against the pathogens in vivo than the reference compounds. Despite possessing a similar, if not lesser, in-vitro activity against the infecting pathogens, levofloxacin was more effective than ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in rats with localized infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/M., FRG.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klesel
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Geweniger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koletzki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Isert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Limbert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riess
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iyer
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000473:pathology; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018805:Sepsis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin