title: Combined hormonal and radiation therapy for lymph node-positive prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of combined radiation and hormonal therapy in patients with prostate cancer metastatic to the pelvic lymph nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive patients with node-positive prostate cancer were evaluated by the Departments of Urology and Radiation Oncology at the University of Pennsylvania and offered combined hormonal and radiation therapy. All patients received pelvic radiation to 45 Gy, with a boost dose to the prostate to 65 to 71 gy. Forty-five of the patients were treated with concurrent hormonal therapy consisting of diethylstilbestrol (2 patients), orchiectomy (18 patients), leuprolide (5 patients), or combined androgen blockade (20 patients); the other 5 patients declined hormonal therapy. Patients represented a group with locally advanced disease with a high incidence of T3 tumors (66%), high grade (74%; Gleason score more than 7), high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (40%; more than 30.0 ng/mL), and a high incidence of gross (36%) or bilateral (30%) adenopathy and a high incidence of multiply involved lymph nodes (62%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up of patients is 42 months (range, 10 to 102). All 5 patients declining hormonal therapy relapsed within 18 months and only 1 patient survived longer than 3 years. Among patients treated with combined hormonal and radiation therapy, the 6-year survival rate is 82%, the clinical disease-free survival at 6 years is 71%, and the probability of survival free of recurrence, with a PSA less than 0.2 ng/mL, is 62%. Only two PSA recurrences occurred, both in patients who elected to discontinue hormone therapy. There was no synergistic toxicity observed as a result of combined therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined hormonal and radiation therapy offers the potential for extended disease-free survival and may represent an effective treatment option for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittington
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malkowicz
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Arsdalen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wein
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009919:Orchiectomy; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D005485:Flutamide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D016729:Leuprolide