title: Effects of hydroxyethyl starch after trauma-hemorrhagic shock: restoration of macrophage integrity and prevention of increased circulating interleukin-6 levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of resuscitation with the colloidal solution (hydroxyethyl starch) vs. crystalloid solution on cell-mediated immune functions after trauma-hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, multiexperimental, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six inbred male C3H/HEN (endotoxin-sensitive) mice, aged 6 to 7 wks, and weighing 18 to 23 g.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crystalloid (lactated Ringer's solution) with and without 6% hydroxyethyl starch after trauma-hemorrhage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice underwent laparotomy, were bled to and maintained at a blood pressure of 40 mm Hg for 60 mins, then resuscitated with either 4x the shed blood volume as lactated Ringer's solution or 2x the shed blood volume as lactated Ringer's solution plus 1 x 6% hydroxyethyl starch. Sham mice were neither hemorrhaged nor resuscitated. At 2 or 24 hrs posthemorrhage, serum, splenocytes, peritoneal macrophages, and splenic macrophages were obtained. Bioassays were used to determine interleukin-2, interleukin-3, and interleukin-6 concentrations, while splenocyte proliferation was assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Trauma-hemorrhage markedly depressed splenocyte proliferation, interleukin-6 release by macrophages, and lymphokine release at 2 and 24 hrs postresuscitation. The combination of lactated Ringer's solution and hydroxyethyl starch neither restored, nor exacerbated lymphocyte functions. Interleukin-6 release by peritoneal macrophages was restored 24 hrs after hydroxyethyl starch infusion; serum interleukin-6 concentrations remained at sham levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the use of lactated Ringer's solution and hydroxyethyl starch after hemorrhage did not adversely affect cell-mediated immune functions, but produced salutary effects on macrophage functions, hydroxyethyl starch is a safe and beneficial resuscitation adjunct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1315, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schmand
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chaudry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003102:Colloids; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D015850:Interleukin-6