title: Divergent mechanisms for homologous desensitization of p21ras by insulin and growth factors.
abstract: Previous work suggested that desensitization of p21ras in response to growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) results from receptor down-regulation. Here we show that p21ras is desensitized by insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the continued presence of activated insulin receptors, while loss of epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors in response to their ligands correlates with p21ras desensitization. Furthermore, elevated amounts of Grb2/Shc complexes persisted throughout p21ras desensitization by insulin. However, immunoblotting of anti-Son-of-sevenless (Sos) 1 and 2 immunoprecipitates with anti-Grb2 antisera revealed that p21ras desensitization in response to insulin and PDGF, but not EGF, is associated with a marked decrease in cellular complexes containing Sos and Grb2 proteins. Nonetheless, the desensitization of p21ras in response to these stimuli was homologous, in that each peptide could reactivate [32P]GTP loading of p21ras after desensitization by any of the others. Taken together, these data indicate that insulin, EGF, and PDGF all cause disassembly of Sos proteins from signaling complexes during p21ras desensitization, but at least two mechanisms are involved. Insulin elicits dissociation of Sos from Grb2 SH3 domains, whereas EGF signaling is reversed by receptor down-regulation and Shc dephosphorylation, releasing Grb2 SH2 domains. PDGF action triggers both mechanisms of Grb2 disassembly, which probably operate in concert with GAP to attenuate p21ras signaling.
authors.affiliation: Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01605, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Klarlund
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cherniack
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Czech
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020664:Son of Sevenless Proteins
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; C495949:Grb2 protein, mouse; D007328:Insulin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011506:Proteins; D020664:Son of Sevenless Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)