title: Hodgkin's disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection: clinicopathologic and virologic features of 114 patients from the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS and Tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe virologic, clinicopathologic, and therapeutic features of a large series of Italian patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 1986 to March 1994, 114 cases were observed. The relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HD was determined by an in situ hybridization technique, immunostaining for EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) expression, and Southern blotting. Twenty-six patients were included in a prospective study evaluating the combination of chemotherapy (CT) with zidovudine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined approach on EBV study revealed that 14 (78%) of 18 patients were EBV-associated. An almost equivalent distribution of EBV subtypes was observed in EBV-carrying cases, indicating that in the HIV setting, type 2 EBV also may be pathogenetically involved in HD development. In comparing these 114 patients with our single-institutional series of 104 HIV-negative patients with HD, we observed at presentation a younger median age (29 v 38 years); a prevalence of males (90% v 56%); and a higher percentage of stage IV disease (52% v 15%), presence of B symptoms (77% v 35%), and extranodal disease (63% v 29%). The complete remission (CR) rate (58%) and median survival (13 months) of patients treated prospectively were similar to that of patients treated with standard CT regimens. The statistically significant favorable prognostic factors for survival being the following: achievement of CR, CD4+ count greater than 250/microL, and no prior diagnosis of AIDS at onset of HD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our virologic findings indicate that HIV-related HD is more closely associated with EBV than HD in the general population. The peculiar clinicopathologic findings, the role of some prognostic factors, and the possibility of cure of HIV-related HD have been demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology and AIDS, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tirelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Errante
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolcetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gloghini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vaccher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boiocchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carbone
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001483:Base Sequence; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008466:Mechlorethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D011344:Procarbazine; D015251:Epirubicin; D008466:Mechlorethamine; D014750:Vincristine; D014747:Vinblastine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D011241:Prednisone