title: Localization of nitric oxide synthase in the brain stem neural circuit controlling esophageal peristalsis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The central subnucleus of the nucleus of the solitary tract has been implicated in central reflex control of esophageal peristalsis. This study determined the presence of nitric oxide synthase in the brain stem circuit controlling esophageal peristalsis by combining transsynaptic retrograde tract tracing with pseudorabies virus and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH) histochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Virus was injected into the esophagus of 10 of 15 rats. After 60-63 hours, brain sections were processed for viral immunofluorescence and NADPH histochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluorescent neuronal labeling was limited to the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus and the central subnucleus of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Most fluorescence-labeled neurons in the central subnucleus stained positively for NADPH (double labeled). In the compact formation, there were almost no double-labeled neurons; however, NADPH-stained terminals surrounded fluorescence-labeled motoneurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NO synthase is present in premotor neurons of the central subnucleus of the nucleus of the solitary tract that innervate esophageal motoneurons in the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus. NADPH staining in both somata and terminals of esophageal premotor neurons suggests that NO is involved in neurotransmission in the central subnucleus and at the site of synaptic contact between esophageal premotor neurons and motoneurons in the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Wiedner
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Altschuler
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000201:enzymology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010528:Peristalsis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase