title: Dystrophin localization at presynapse in rat retina revealed by immunoelectron microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been accepted that retinal dystrophin is localized in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of the retina, but no electron microscopic evidence has been reported until now. Using immunoelectron microscopy, the authors investigate whether retinal dystrophin localizes at the presynaptic or postsynaptic membrane of synaptic regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monoclonal antibody raised against human dystrophin C-terminus was used. Immunoblotting analysis was used for testing dystrophin protein in retinal tissues. Tissue preparations were stained with the immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase method and were observed with light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoblotting analysis showed a molecular weight of band 420 kDa in the sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the retinal tissues. Immunoelectron microscopy disclosed that retinal dystrophin was localized at the presynaptic membrane of synaptic regions in the OPL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rat retinal dystrophin localizes at the presynaptic membrane in the OPL, suggesting that it may play some role in the neurotransmitter release of the photoreceptor cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yamanashi Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsurugi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012160:Retina / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016189:Dystrophin; D010446:Peptide Fragments