title: Altered expression of transforming growth factor-beta in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: We compared immunohistochemical expression of the transforming growth factor-betas (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3) using brain tissue from patients with nondominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease (NDAD) (n = 9), autosomal dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease with linkage to 14q24.3 (FAD-14) (n = 4), and cognitively normal controls (n = 10) to determine whether their pathologic changes are associated with an altered distribution of the TGF-betas. We found increased expression of TGF-beta 2 in large, tangle-bearing neurons with widespread staining of glia in NDAD and FAD-14 patients compared with control cases. This result was confirmed with sandwich ELISA assays of brain tissue, which showed TGF-beta 2 levels in AD and NDAD to average 3.2 times the average level of control cases. Despite proximity of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3 to the sites of susceptibility loci on chromosomes 19 and 14, we did not find that TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3 were selectively altered in any AD subtypes. However, selective induction of TGF-beta 2 may occur in NDAD and FAD-14.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lippa
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pollen
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sporn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14; D003704:Dementia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta