title: Changes in the concentrations of extracellular Mg++ and Ca++ down-regulate E-cadherin and up-regulate alpha 2 beta 1 integrin function, activating keratinocyte migration on type I collagen.
abstract: We have demonstrated recently that shifts in the concentrations of extracellular Mg++ and Ca++ occur during cutaneous injury in vivo. These shifts correlate well with the timing of migration of various cell types involved in wound healing, including keratinocytes. In the present study, we examined the potential of such cation shifts to activate the keratinocyte migratory phenotype. In modified Boyden chamber migration assays, alpha 2 beta 1 integrin-mediated migration of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) on type I collagen was supported by Mg++ but not by Ca++ alone. Migration could be increased up to twofold, however, by using both cations in combination, as long as the Mg++ concentration was in the optimal range for migration in Mg++ only (1-3 mM) and Ca++ was present at concentrations of approximately 0.1-1 mM. Further examination of this divalent-cation-induced migratory keratinocyte phenotype demonstrated that, as Mg++ is elevated and Ca++ is reduced, mature E-cadherin and cell-cell contacts are reduced and the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin is redistributed from cell-cell contacts to the periphery. These in vitro observations corroborate what occurs in vivo at the keratinocyte migrating front during wound healing. Together these data suggest that changes in the concentrations of extracellular Mg++ and Ca++ can regulate the competitive interplay between Ca(++)-dependent E-cadherin-mediated and Mg(++)-dependent alpha 2 beta 1-integrin-mediated adhesion, promoting the development of an activated keratinocyte phenotype.
authors.affiliation: La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Grzesiak
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pierschbacher
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D003094:Collagen; D003470:Culture Media; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D039421:Integrin alpha2; D019012:Integrin beta1; D016023:Integrins / Q000502:physiology*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins; D003470:Culture Media; D039421:Integrin alpha2; D019012:Integrin beta1; D016023:Integrins; D003094:Collagen; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium