title: [Imaging time-dependent changes in the nasal mucosa using the most modern morphing software].
abstract: Changes in the nasal mucous membrane lasting longer than 1-2 minutes have, until now, escaped dynamic observation. Even the congestion and decongestion of the turbinates during the nasal cycle and after application of vasoconstrictive nose drops have been documented only by instant stills. For this reason, we developed a method which permits documenting time-dependent endonasal mucosal changes with their natural dynamics on time-lapse video film. Instead of primarily recording a continuous video film, we processed instant stills. Computer interpolation of intermediate steps gives the viewer a dynamic impression. As continuous video endoscopy is not feasible, we produced the continuous film by recording video sequences of approximately 30 seconds length in defined time intervals endoscopically, selecting single stills (so-called original photographs) from each sequence, and splicing them, producing the missing intermediate photographs by a special computer technique (morphing), similar to mathematical interpolation. In this way we could demonstrate the changes of the right and left inferior turbinate during a nasal cycle of lasting five hours and the effect of xylometazolin nose drops on the nasal mucosa. The practical value of this technique, lies in the comprehensive realistic observation of dynamic processes of the nasal mucosa with respect to physiology and pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für HNO-Krankheiten, Kopf-, Hals- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Kommunikationsstörungen, Städtisches Klinikum Fulda.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keerl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huppmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Draf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003196:Computer Graphics / Q000295:instrumentation; D003199:Computer Systems; D019723:Endoscopes; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation; D012984:Software; D014420:Turbinates / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D014663:Nasal Decongestants; C009695:xylometazoline