title: Nitric oxide synthase activities in placental tissue from normotensive, pre-eclamptic and growth retarded pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure nitric oxide synthase activity in tissues from the placenta, placental bed and umbilical cord at delivery in normal and complicated pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The obstetric departments of three London teaching hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of whole placenta, dissected stem villous arteries, umbilical cord vessels and the placental bed of the uterus were collected at delivery and assayed for nitric oxide synthase activity. Samples of placenta were taken from ten normotensive, six pre-eclamptic and eight growth retarded pregnancies, and stem villous arteries from a further seven normotensive pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was minimal placental bed nitric oxide synthase activity in each group. Placental villous homogenates from pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation had significantly lower activities of nitric oxide synthase than those from normotensive women with appropriately grown babies. There were no significant differences in calcium dependent or calcium independent nitric oxide synthase activities in the umbilical vein and artery in the normal or in the pre-eclamptic groups. However, there was significantly more calcium dependent than calcium independent nitric oxide synthase in the umbilical veins in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local nitric oxide production in the placental bed of the uterus is unlikely to contribute substantially to the low resting vascular tone in the uteroplacental circulation. However, a relative deficiency of placental nitric oxide in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation and pre-eclampsia may contribute to the development of the high impedance fetoplacental circulation found in these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sooranna
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Learmont
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poston
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Steer
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000201:enzymology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014469:Umbilical Arteries; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000201:enzymology; D014471:Umbilical Veins
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase