title: Screening for ophthalmic manifestations of sickle cell disease in the United Kingdom.
abstract: There are marked variations in the manifestations of sickle disease in different populations. The ocular complications of this condition amongst the Afro-Caribbeans living in the United Kingdom have not previously been reported. We present the preliminary results of an ophthalmic screening programme at King's College Hospital, London. One hundred eyes of 50 patients with sickle cell disease were assessed. Full ocular examination was performed including fundus fluorescein angiography. We have looked at the haematological and clinical profile of the patients involved as well as the number of days spent in hospital during the year preceding the eye examination. The incidence of grade II retinopathy was found to be significantly higher than grade I in SC disease. This concurs with the results of the Jamaican screening and confirms that these patients are at higher risk of visual impairment than those with SS disease. Our results also agree with the Jamaican experience which suggest that visual morbidity is mostly due to complications of proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR). However, the findings in patients without proliferative changes are different; in particular, angioid streaks leading to disciforms are an important cause of visual loss in Jamaica, but were not seen in any of the 98 eyes examined in this study. No correlation was found between the grade of retinopathy and age, sex, systemic complications and various haematological parameters except for the percentage of haemoglobin F, which was significantly higher in patients with grade I (7.6) compared with grade II (4.2) retinopathy (p = 0.0127).
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Aclimandos
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bellingham
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bird
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D012805:Sickle Cell Trait / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014900:West Indies / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin