title: Hormone replacement therapy, sleep quality and psychological wellbeing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of hormone replacement therapy upon sleep quality and duration in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three healthy postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous 0.625 mg conjugated equine oestrogens with 0.15 mg cyclic norgestrel taken for 12 days per 28 day cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occurrence of vasomotor symptoms, polysomnographic sleep stage measures, Stanford sleepiness questionnaire, Crown-Crisp experiential index and the cognitive failures questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hormone replacement therapy results in an improvement in menopausal symptoms but not in parameters of sleep quality. Despite this, certain measures of psychological wellbeing showed significant improvement in the hormone replacement therapy group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hormone replacement therapy results in a measurable improvement in physical and psychological welfare, the latter being independent of improvement in sleep quality.
authors.affiliation: Menopause Clinic, Princess Royal Hospital (Royal Hull Hospitals NHS Trust), Kingston Upon Hull, UK.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Purdie
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Empson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crichton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Macdonald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009644:Norgestrel