title: T/Tn antigen vaccine is effective and safe in preventing recurrence of advanced breast carcinoma.
abstract: Since 1974, and as of March, 1993, we have used T/Tn antigen vaccine in safe, specific, effective, long-term intradermal vaccination against recurrence of advanced breast carcinoma (CA). Staging is by the pathologic TNM system. Treatment is ad infinitum. Of 19 consecutive breast carcinoma patients vaccinated, six Stage IV, six Stage III, and seven Stage II all survived > 5 years postoperatively. Three Stage III, three Stage IV, and five Stage II patients (i.e., 11) survived > 10 to > 18 years. Five others are alive but have not reached 10 years; three of them have no evidence of disease (NED). Three patients died of CA before reaching 10 years. An additional three breast CA patients are being treated for > 2 years, but, < 5 years postoperatively, they are NED. The vaccination are presented as a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction with significant inflammation with increase of helper T lymphocytes and decrease of T suppressor/cytotoxic cell ratio.
authors.affiliation: Heather M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Chicago Medical School, IL 60064, USA.
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tegtmeyer
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Carlstedt
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Scanlon
mesh_terms: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor; C040286:Tn antigen; D014612:Vaccines