title: A path-analytical approach to differentiate between direct and indirect drug effects on negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. A re-evaluation of the North American risperidone study.
abstract: The hypothesis that differences in drug effects of risperidone and haloperidol on negative symptoms in schizophrenia are secondary to effects on positive, extrapyramidal, and depressive symptoms was investigated by means of an analysis of the data from the USA-Canada risperidone double-blind randomized clinical trial of 523 chronic schizophrenic patients. Regression analyses in the total sample and within treatment groups confirmed a strong relationship between changes in negative symptoms and the other variables studied (R2 = 0.50-0.51, p < 0.001). Only depressive symptoms did not contribute significantly to these results (p > 0.10). Path analysis showed that the greater mean change (p < 0.05) of negative symptoms with risperidone compared to haloperidol could not be fully explained by correlations with favourable effects on positive and extrapyramidal symptoms. The relationship between shift in extrapyramidal symptoms and shift in negative symptoms failed to reach statistical significance; however, there was a clear tendency in the expected direction in both treatment groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Borison
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Schooler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chouinard
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018967:Risperidone; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007555:Isoxazoles; D010880:Piperidines; D006220:Haloperidol; D018967:Risperidone