title: Light-evoked oxygen responses in the isolated toad retina.
abstract: Transient changes in retinal oxygen in response to light stimuli were studied to further understand the light-evoked change in oxygen consumption. Double-barreled microelectrodes, which measured oxygen and local voltage simultaneously, were positioned near the photoreceptor inner segments of the toad neural retina-retinal pigment epithelium-choroid preparation. Light-evoked oxygen responses were measured in a normal [Na+] solution, and in a test solution with lowered extracellular [Na+] to inhibit Na+/K+ pumping. Under the normal [Na+] condition, retinal oxygen tension increased in response to light indicating that oxygen utilization had decreased. When the Na+ concentration was lowered in the retina, the oxygen tension decreased in response to light, indicating an increase in oxygen utilization which was smaller than the Na+/K+ pump effect and therefore masked under normal conditions. The increase in oxygen utilization in lowered [Na+] was suppressed by adding 0.7 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, suggesting that the response was largely due to hydrolysis and subsequent resynthesis of cyclic GMP. Results of fitting the light-evoked responses to exponential functions suggested that the decrease in oxygen consumption caused by slowing of the photoreceptor Na+/K+ ATPase had a time constant between 130 and 180 sec and that the increase in oxygen utilization from increased cyclic GMP synthesis was faster.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Haugh-Scheidt
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Griff
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Linsenmeier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
chemical_list: D012243:Rhodopsin; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium