Activity of cefepime against ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli using low and high inocula.
Cefepime is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin that is reported to have enhanced activity against ceftazidime-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. In this study the effects of varying inoculum size on in-vitro susceptibility to cefepime and other selected antimicrobial agents were determined by agar dilution MICs and in time-kill studies. Among strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 55) and Enterobacter spp (n = 56) that had previously been identified as ceftazidime-resistant, 73% and 96% were susceptible to cefepime (MIC < or = 16 mg/L), respectively, when tested with an inoculum of 10(4) cfu. However, with an inoculum of 10(7) cfu, 98% and 100% of strains were resistant, respectively. Furthermore, the bactericidal activity of cefepime against ceftazidime-resistant isolates was also inoculum-dependent. In time-kill studies, bactericidal action was obtained only at the lowest concentration of organisms (10(4) cfu/mL). beta-Lactamase extracted from an isolate of P. aeruginosa that demonstrated an inoculum effect had a lower affinity for cefepime than for ceftazidime. Overall, cefepime proved to be more resistant to hydrolysis by the beta-lactamase. However, differences in kinetics of the beta-lactamase against cefepime or ceftazidime do not appear to be of consequence in determining susceptibility of P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. at high bacterial densities, since most strains with chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamase are highly resistant.
Johnson
C C
CC
Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Livornese
L
L
Gold
M J
MJ
Pitsakis
P G
PG
Taylor
S
S
Levison
M E
ME
D000077723:Cefepime; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018550:Cephalosporin Resistance; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000187:drug effects; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D007700:Kinetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
D002511:Cephalosporins; D000077723:Cefepime; D002442:Ceftazidime; D001618:beta-Lactamases