title: Immunocytochemical assay for androgen receptors in prostate cancer: a prospective study of 63 cases with long-term follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous problems are associated with biochemical androgen receptor (AR) assay performance and interpretation in prostatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine if a novel immunocytochemical AR assay performed on intact tissue sections would prove useful in prognosticating endocrine response and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was done on 63 prostatic carcinomas maintained in liquid nitrogen for over a decade. The study used the peroxidase-antiperoxidase system and a polyclonal anti-AR antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Marked tissue and cellular heterogeneity of nuclear AR was apparent. A cut-off of 10% AR-positive cells maximized assay prognostic efficiency. Frequency of positivity was 48% and correlated significantly with endocrine response (p = 0.03), time to progression (p = 0.0016), and survival (p = 0.02), but not with grade, stage, or ethnicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This AR assay could be prognostically useful in the clinical management of prostate cancer and is suitable for use in the community hospital laboratory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Brooklyn.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Pertschuk
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Macchia
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rainford
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004727:Endothelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen