title: Ligand-dependent and -independent activation of the transcription factor gamma RF-1 in a cell-free system.
abstract: gamma RF-1 is a recently identified transcription factor induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) which binds to a unique palindromic enhancer, gamma RE-1, in the promoter of the mig gene. This paper describes the ligand-dependent and ligand-independent activation of gamma RF-1 in a cell-free system. gamma RF-1 activity was induced by IFN-gamma in a time-dependent manner from 5 to 60 min in lysates prepared from the human monocytic leukaemia line THP-1 and the human epidermoid carcinoma line A431. The activation of gamma RF-1 in vitro required both ATP and an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases (sodium orthovanadate or pervanadate). In the presence of limiting concentrations (micromolar) of ATP, activation was also dependent upon stimulation with IFN-gamma, whereas at millimolar concentrations of ATP, gamma RF-1 was activated by either sodium orthovanadate or pervanadate in the absence of ligand. Based on cell fractionation studies, both membrane and cytosol components were essential for activation of gamma RF-1 in vitro. Consistent with a role for one or more tyrosine kinases in the activation of gamma RF-1, its DNA binding activity was blocked by monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies and by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein, lavendustin A and herbimycin A. A comparison with recently described pathways of IFN-mediated transcription factor regulation indicates that the in vitro activation of gamma RF-1 is unique, requiring both membrane and cytosol fractions and inhibition of endogenous tyrosine phosphatase activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Feghali
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D002460:Cell Line; D002474:Cell-Free System; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid; D008024:Ligands; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012878:Skin Neoplasms; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D008024:Ligands; D014157:Transcription Factors; C076715:pervanadate; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D014638:Vanadates; D014443:Tyrosine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases