title: Intraluminal brachytherapy in the treatment of pancreas and bile duct carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new method of palliation of malignant obstructive jaundice is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBD-five patients) or pancreatic head (PH-seven patients) received radiation therapy between 1988 and 1991. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was performed in four EHBD patients and an endoprosthesis was placed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the other eight patients. All 12 received intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT): 20-50 Gy calculated at 1 cm from the Iridium-192 (192Ir) wire. In four PH patients the source was placed in the duct of Wirsung; in the other eight patients ILBT was performed via the common bile duct. Five of the seven PH patients and one of the five EHBD patients received External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): 26-50 Gy, alone or with concomitant 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cholangitis occurred in six patients. Three PH patients treated with EBRT+ILBT developed gastrointestinal toxicities. With a minimum follow-up of 18 months, median survival times were 14 months (EHBD) and 11.5 months (PH); one of the seven PH patients is alive (29 months) and two of the EHBD patients are alive (18 and 43 months). All patients had satisfactory control of jaundice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results in the EHBD patients suggest that the addition of ILBT after biliary drainage prolongs survival. Further experience is necessary to determine whether ILBT in the common bile duct and/or in the duct of Wirsung may be, in PH patients, an alternative boost technique to Interstitial Brachy-therapy (IBT) or Intraoperative Electron Beam Radiation Therapy (IOEBRT).
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Radiologia, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montemaggi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costamagna
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dobelbower
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cellini
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Morganti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutignani
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brizi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*