title: Colon carcinoma cells with inactive nm23 show increased motility and response to motility factors.
abstract: nm23H1 has properties of a metastasis suppressor gene. Although its mechanism of action is unknown, nm23 has been implicated in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) signal transduction. In an earlier study we decreased nm23 mRNA levels 2- to 8-fold by antisense phosphorothiolated oligonucleotides in two HT29 colon carcinoma sublines at different stages in tumor progression with different responses to TGF beta 1: the HD3 subline, which shows TGF beta 1-induced growth arrest and differentiation; and the more tumorigenic U9 subline, whose growth and invasion are stimulated by TGF beta 1. Only TGF beta 1-mediated responses in HD3 cells were inhibited by nm23 antisense oligos, suggesting that nm23 functions in only one TGF beta 1 signaling pathway. In the current report we have extended this study to cell motility. HD3 motility was increased by nm23 phosphorothiolated antisense oligos which decrease nm23 mRNA levels, while HD3 cell motility was conversely decreased by TGF beta 1 which increases nm23 mRNA levels. HD3 motility was not increased by basic FGF, TGF beta 1 or TGF alpha, while the 13-fold higher basal motility of U9 cells was stimulated 3-fold by basic FGF, 4-fold by TGF beta 1 and 5-fold by TGF alpha, but not by scatter factor. Differences in motility and response to motility factors could not be ascribed to differences in either basal levels of proteases or modulation of their levels by TGF beta 1. Both HD3 and U9 cells displayed equal levels of urokinase activity and mRNA, equal expression of the metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP-1, and no detectable collagenases by zymography. No differential response to TGF beta 1 was seen in any of these assays. Thus limited cell motility and lack of response to motility factors in HD3 colon cancer cells could be correlated with expression of nm23 active in signal transduction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ossowski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D014157:Transcription Factors; C517938:NME1 protein, human; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins