title: Elaboration of stem villous vessels in growth restricted pregnancies with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the elaboration of placental stem villous vessels from pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with absent end-diastolic flow velocity detected prior to delivery in the umbilical artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison between IUGR and control groups of the distribution, in 15 microns increments of 600 randomly chosen stem vessel profiles (post-fixation diameter 10-160 microns) identified by immunohistochemical localisation of alpha-smooth muscle actin in the vessel media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical teaching hospital and university anatomy department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-fixed blocks obtained from placentas of eight pregnancies complicated by IUGR and eight gestational age-matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of the stem villous vessels in the IUGR placentas, as assessed by the mean vessel diameter in each case, did not differ from the controls (mean vessel diameter 31.8 microns [SD 2.4] vs 29.6 microns [2.3]; P = 0.13). In five IUGR cases alpha-smooth muscle actin positive cells (myofibroblasts) were identified within the stroma of nonmuscularised peripheral (mature intermediate and terminal) villi, but in none of the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data do not support the theory that IUGR with absent end-diastolic flow velocity in the umbilical artery is due to a selective loss of small stem villous vessels. The increased impedance in this condition may be conferred more distally within the nonmuscularised capillaries of the peripheral villi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Macara
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kingdom
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kohnen
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins