title: Marginal ditching and staining as a predictor of secondary caries around amalgam restorations: a clinical and microbiological study.
abstract: Caries at the margins of restorations is difficult to diagnose. In particular, the relevance of both marginal ditching and staining around amalgam restorations is unclear. This clinical study questions the relevance of marginal ditching and color change to the level of infection of the dentin beneath the margins of amalgam restorations. Clinically visible sites (330) on the tooth/restoration margin were selected on 175 teeth. The enamel adjacent to each site was noted as stained (a grey discoloration) or stain-free. One hundred and seventy-eight sites were clinically intact, 83 sites had narrow ditches (< 0.4 mm), and at 49 sites, wide ditches were present (> 0.4 mm). Twenty sites with frankly carious lesions were also included. Plaque was sampled at the tooth-restoration margin, and the dentin was sampled at the enamel-dentin junction below each site. Samples were vortexed, diluted, and cultured for total anaerobic counts, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and yeasts. Plaque samples showed that margins with wide ditches (> 0.4 mm) harbored significantly more bacteria, mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli than did clinically intact margins and margins with narrow ditches. There were no significant differences in the degree of infection of the dentin beneath clinically intact restorations and those with narrow ditches, but samples associated with wide ditches and carious lesions yielded significantly more bacteria, mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli. The color of the enamel adjacent to the sample site was irrelevant to the level of infection of the dentin beneath the filling margin, provided a frankly carious lesion was not present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dental Surgery, United Medical and Dental School, Guy's Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kidd
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joyston-Bechal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beighton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000209:etiology*; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D003723:Dental Amalgam