title: Galanin-induced relaxation in gastric smooth muscle cells is mediated by cyclic AMP.
abstract: Galanin has numerous effects on gastrointestinal motility in different species; however, its cellular basis of action in mediating these effects is unclear. Dispersed gastric smooth muscle cells have been shown to possess high-affinity galanin receptors that increase cAMP and cause relaxation. Recent studies show some smooth muscle relaxants such as VIP cause relaxation by both cAMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms. It is unknown if galanin's cellular basis of relaxation is similar or different from that of VIP. To investigate galanin's relaxant effect and compare it to VIP's effect, dispersed smooth muscle cells from guinea pig stomach were prepared by collagenase digestion. The mean length in resting cells was 110 +/- 2 microns and, with carbachol treatment, contracted to 89 +/- 2 microns. VIP and galanin alone had no effect on cell length, but each caused a dose-dependent inhibition of carbachol-induced contraction and both had an EC50 of 3-7 nM. Galanin (1 microM) and VIP (1 microM) increased cellular cAMP from 118 +/- 10 pmol/10(6) cells in control to 212 +/- 14 and 214 +/- 12 pmol/10(6) cells, respectively. The protein kinase A inhibitor, Rp-cAMPS, at 100 microM, completely inhibited the relaxant effect of an EC50 concentration of galanin (3 nM), but only inhibited that by VIP by 80% (p < 0.05). Adding the nitric oxide inhibitor, L-NNA (NG-nitro-L-arginine), at 100 microM did not alter the length of resting cells or inhibit carbachol-induced contraction. However, L-NNA (100 microM) decreased VIP-induced relaxation by 45%, whereas it had no effect on galanin-induced relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: Z F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Coy
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019004:Galanin; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; D013873:Thionucleotides; C016957:adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D019004:Galanin; D002217:Carbachol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases