title: Insecticides: their effect on microorganisms and persistence in rice soil.
abstract: A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of four insecticides, HCH, phorate, carbofuran and fenvalerate, at recommended doses on the preponderance of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. We also measured the persistence of the insecticides in the rhizosphere soil of rice. HCH and fenvalerate stimulated the proliferation of all of the microorganisms significantly. Phorate increased the population of bacteria and actinomycetes. Carbofuran accentuated the preponderance of actinomycetes in soil. Insecticides, in general, did not have marked influence on the proliferation of Bacillus, Streptomyces, Aspergillus and Fusarium in soil. However, we observed a stimulation of growth of Staphylococcus, Proteus and Sarcina with HCH, Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix and Rhizopus with phorate, Serratia, Corynebacterium, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Rhizopus and Humicola with carbofuran, and Staphylococcus, Sarcina, Klebsiella and Nocardia with fenvalerate. On the other hand, there was an inhibition in growth of Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Nocardia and Penicillium with HCH, of Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Penicillium with carbofuran, and of Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Micromonospora with fenvalerate. Different types of insecticides exhibited differential patterns of dissipation in soil. HCH had the highest persistence followed by phorate, carbofuran and fenvalerate, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sukul
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000187:drug effects*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002235:Carbofuran / Q000494:pharmacology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000494:pharmacology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009570:Nitriles; D012275:Oryza; D010702:Phorate / Q000494:pharmacology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D012987:Soil; D010702:Phorate; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D002235:Carbofuran; C017690:fenvalerate