title: Immunohistochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen as a predictor of lymph node status in submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinoma is a colorectal carcinoma extending only into the submucosal layer. To clarify the metastatic potential of submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinoma, we studied the relationship between the immunohistochemical staining pattern of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and that of lymphatic invasion/lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 49 submucosa-invasive colorectal carcinomas resected surgically or endoscopically. CEA distribution patterns of the neoplastic tissues were divided into three patterns: Pattern 1 = luminal type; Pattern 2 = apical cytoplasmic type; and Pattern 3 = diffuse cytoplasmic type. We also observed the submucosal stromal staining of CEA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were found in 48.8 percent (21/43) and 11.6 percent (5/43) of the Pattern 2/Pattern 3 cases, whereas these were seen in none (0/6) of Pattern 1 cases. Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were found in 63.3 percent (19/30) (chi-squared = 21.94; P < 0.001) and 16.7 percent (5/30) of the positive stromal CEA cases, whereas these were seen in 10.5 percent (2/19) and none (0/14) of the negative stromal CEA cases, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pattern 2/Pattern 3 and stromal CEA can be predictors of the lymph node metastasis with 11.6 percent and 16.7 percent risks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kijima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadahiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitomi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen