Proinflammatory cytokines: measurement in nasal secretion and induction of adhesion receptor expression.
We recently demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 can be found in nasal secretions from allergic rhinitis patients under artificial and natural conditions. By ELISA measurements, significantly elevated baseline levels for IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were found in seasonal allergic compared to control subjects. Within the first 2 h after nasal allergen challenge, IL-1 beta and TNF are secreted, whereas IL-6 and IL-8 showed a slow increase over 6-8 h. All cytokine levels returned to baseline within 24 h after exposure. Repeated measurements at 4-week intervals in perennial allergic rhinitis subjects (n = 27) showed significant correlations between IL-1 and IL-8, IL-6 and IL-8 and IL-6 and the symptom score (visual analogue scale). The IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-1ra was found in great molar excess in the secretions and correlated significantly with IL-8, but not IL-1 beta. In an in vitro assay using fresh nasal mucosa of grass-pollen-allergic subjects, we were able to demonstrate a strong and rapid induction of E-selectin adhesion receptor expression on endothelial cells by allergen, IL-1 beta and TNF. The adhesion receptor expression was markedly inhibited by soluble IL-1 receptors, sTNF-R and IL-1ra. These data indicate a key role for inflammatory cytokines in the regulation of allergic inflammation.
Bachert
C
C
Ear, Nose and Throat Department, University of Düsseldorf, Germany.
Wagenmann
M
M
Hauser
U
U
D000485:Allergens / Q000494:pharmacology; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D019040:E-Selectin; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000276:immunology*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000276:immunology; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis
D000485:Allergens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D019040:E-Selectin; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins