title: Dysregulated Fas and Bcl-2 expression leading to enhanced apoptosis in T cells of multiple myeloma patients.
abstract: We have previously reported the presence of activated (HLA-DR+) T cells in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. These cells produce high amounts of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma and generate a potent antiplasma cell activity after appropriate in vitro stimulation, but they are unable in vivo to hold in check the disease. Activated T cells are highly susceptible to apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death involved in the modulation of immune responses and regulated by molecules such as Fas (CD95) and bcl-2. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of Fas and bcl-2 antigens and the susceptibility to apoptosis in T cells of MM patients. Fas+ cells were significantly higher, whereas bcl-2+ cells were significantly lower in MM patients than in the controls. MM patients with the highest number of HLA-DR+ T cells showed the highest Fas and the lowest bcl-2 expression. Two-color cytofluorometric analysis confirmed in individual cells that HLA-DR+ T cells coexpressed Fas and lacked bcl-2. Susceptibility to apoptosis was then investigated to evaluate the consequence of dysregulated Fas and bcl-2 expression. The percentage of apoptotic cells after incubation in medium alone (spontaneous apoptosis) or in the presence of methylprednisolone (MP) or anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (triggered apoptosis) was significantly higher in MM and mainly restricted to HLA-DR+ T cells. Spontaneous apoptotosis was reverted by exogenous IL-2. In conclusion, MM T cells have a dysregulated expression of Fas and bcl-2 antigens that is associated with an enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis. These data may unravel a novel mechanism by which activated MM T cells are weakened in their ability to exert an effective antitumor activity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale, Università di Torino, Ospedale Molinette, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massaia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borrione
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Attisano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barral
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beggiato
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montacchini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boccadoro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pileri
mesh_terms: D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017209:Apoptosis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D019014:fas Receptor
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019014:fas Receptor