title: Periodontal tissue-vitality after different etching modalities.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible immediate necrotizing effects on periodontal tissues of etching agents operating either at low or neutral pH. Phosphoric and citric acids, both of which operate at low pH, exerted immediate (within 20 s) necrotizing effects on both mucosal flaps and periodontal tissues. The penetration depth increased with time up to 1/4 of the circumference of the root after 3 min. This was in sharp contrast to EDTA which operates at neutral pH. EDTA failed to induce any detectable necrosis during the experimental periods. Whether or not the immediate necrotizing effects of low pH etching agents also impair periodontal healing in the long-term perspective, needs to be evaluated with controlled experimental studies in vivo as well as clinically in order to determine whether etching at neutral pH is preferable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Histology and Cell Biology, School of Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blomlöf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindskog
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019343:Citric Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D009336:Necrosis; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014022:Tissue Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019343:Citric Acid; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium; D004492:Edetic Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase