title: Treatment of adenocarcinoma of the stomach with resection, intraoperative radiotherapy, and adjuvant external beam radiation: a phase II study from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 85-04.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fewer than 10% of patients presenting with adenocarcinoma of the stomach in the United States can expect to be cured. These discouraging results have led to trials of various adjuvant therapies. Some studies suggest a role for radiation in improving regional control. Radiation doses, however, are limited by the tolerance of abdominal organs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1985 and 1989, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group conducted a phase II study to determine the feasibility of using intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Forty-three patients were entered into the study. Patients underwent maximal surgical resection (subtotal or total gastrectomy and regional node dissection) and IORT doses of 12.5-16.5 Gy were delivered in 27 patients. Adjuvant external beam radiation was given to 23 of the 27 patients with total doses ranging from 24 to 50 Gy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-year actuarial survival in the 27 patients receiving IORT was 47% and median survival was 19.3 months. Disease-free survival was 27%. Fifteen percent failed locally only, 26% with distant metastases only and 22% with both. Acute postoperative complications occurred in 14% with one fatality. Severe late complications occurred in 7% with one fatality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative radiotherapy combined with surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy appears to be feasible without excessive morbidity in a multiinstitutional study. Its ultimate value requires further study.
authors.affiliation: LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84143, USA.
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Avizonis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buzydlowski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lanciano
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Noyes
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hanks
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate