title: Glucose tolerance in rural diabetic Thais, first-degree relatives and non-diabetic controls.
abstract: To determine whether non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in a rural Thai population is characterised by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, 17 unselected diabetic outpatients from a regional hospital, five first-degree relatives and 10 healthy controls were studied. Subjects in these groups were matched as closely as possible for age and sex, and mean body mass indices were similar (mean +/- S.D.; 21.8 +/- 5.5, 20.6 +/- 1.4 and 21.8 +/- 2.3 kg/m2, respectively, P > 0.5). Beta-cell function (%B) and insulin sensitivity (%S), expressed relative to values for non-diabetic Caucasians, were assessed mathematically using the 'CIGMA' model and plasma glucose and insulin achieved after a standard 1-h glucose infusion. The diabetic patients had higher fasting plasma glucose concentrations than the controls (8.6 +/- 4.0 vs. 4.6 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, P < 0.01) but plasma insulin levels were comparable (geometric mean [-S.D.-+S.D.]; 4.0 [1.7-9.4] vs. 4.0 [1.7-9.2] mU/l, P > 0.1). %B in the diabetic group (21% [10-41]) was lower than in the controls (128% [88-187], P < 0.001) while %S tended to be higher (185% [86-400] vs. 111% [49-251], 0.1 > P > 0.05). Relatives had intermediate values of both variables. %S and %B correlated poorly in the diabetic group (P > 0.1) but together accounted for 90% of the variation in basal plasma glucose (multiple r = 0.95, n = 17, P < 0.0001). Beta-cell dysfunction appears the primary defect in diabetic patients from a Thai subsistence farming population. Insulin resistance may not always characterise NIDDM in geographical areas where a 'thrifty genotype' would be expected; other factors associated with diabetes in developing countries (such increased susceptibility to serious infections) may also influence diabetes prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pramukkul
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suputtamongkol
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaowagul
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012016:Reference Values; D012424:Rural Population; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin