title: The prognostic significance of vascular invasion in stage T1 bladder cancer.
abstract: Transurethral resection specimens from 170 T1 bladder carcinomas were reviewed for the presence of vascular (blood vessel and/or lymphatic) invasion by tumour cells. Such a finding was noted in 17 cases (10%), and occurred most frequently in high grade tumours. Tumour recurrence was documented in 11 of these cases (65%), including seven patients who showed progression to more invasive disease (T2-T4) and six patients (55%) who died of disease. Five-year survival for cases without vascular invasion was 81% versus 44% for those with. This was a statistically significant difference (log-rank, P = 0.004). Neoplasms of high grade (grades 2 to 3), without a papillary configuration, and exceeding 5 cm were associated with vascular invasion (chi-squared; P < 0.001, P = 0.043, and P = 0.061 respectively). In multivariate analysis vascular invasion proved to be an independent prognostic factor (Cox's regression, P = 0.015). We therefore stress the clinical relevance of a thorough evaluation of the state of vascular invasion in stage T1 bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital de Basurto, Basque Country University, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Angulo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology