title: Serial prostate specific antigen measurements and progression in untreated confined (stages T0 to 3NxM0, grades 1 to 3) carcinoma of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The contribution of serial prostate specific antigen (PSA) determinations was studied to obtain better understanding of the natural history of clinically confined prostate carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial PSA determinations in 29 patients with untreated confined prostate carcinoma were correlated to the clinical course for a mean of 39 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disease progressed locally in 13 patients after a mean of 31 months. Metastatic progression was not observed. Neither grade, stage, PSA changes nor initial PSA showed significant differences with respect to interval of progression between patients with and without progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSA does not parallel clinical progression in patients selected for watchful waiting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus University and Academic Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bangma
authors.lastname: HOP WCJ
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen