title: Treatment planning optimization for multiple arcs stereotactic radiosurgery using a linear accelerator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiarc stereotactic radiosurgery is a technique used to irradiate an intracranial tumor with minimal damage to the surrounding normal tissue. The purpose of this paper is to present a method for and the results from optimizing three dimensional (3D) treatment dose for multiarc stereotactic radiosurgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The normal procedure for a physician-physicist team designing a treatment plan for multiarc stereotactic radiosurgery is the trial-and-error approach of changing the collimator size and the isocenter of radiation by viewing the isodose curves on a two dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image plane. Not only is this time consuming, but the resulting treatment plan is not optimal in most, if not all, cases. One reason for such nonconformal isodose curves is that the same collimator size is used for all arcs. However, it is very difficult to determine manually the different collimator sizes for different arcs. A derivative free optimization method is used to optimize the collimator size for each arc, as well as the 3D coordinates of the isocenter(s).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One spherical and two ellipsoidal artificial tumors, and one actual tumor, were used to show the utilities of the optimization process. The 90% isodose curves resulting from optimization conform very well with the tumor; whereas the 90% isodose curves from the conventional method either do not envelop the entire tumor when the collimator size is too small, or a large volume of normal tissue is also irradiated by the 90% dose when the next larger collimator size is used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the collimator size for each arc and the location of the isocenters(s) are optimized in a multiarc stereotactic surgery treatment plan, the 90% isodose curve conforms to the tumor much better than when the same collimator size is used for all arcs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Fenn
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jenrette
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed