title: Primary drug resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After renal transplantation, patients have an up to 5% chance of being infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and there are reports from western countries of a 24% mortality if the infection is drug resistant. We investigated primary drug resistance in renal transplant recipients in Vellore, Tamil Nadu.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1987 and December 1993 we studied 695 patients (who had received 717 renal allografts) for evidence of tuberculosis, and performed drug sensitivity tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three patients had culture-proven infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis of whom 40 had drug sensitivity tests done. Initial drug resistance was seen from 1991. Rifampicin resistance was seen in 2, 1 and 4 patients and isoniazid resistance in 1, 2 and 2 patients in 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively of the 23 isolates tested for drug susceptibility. Multi-drug resistance was seen in 1 and 2 patients in 1992 and 1993.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is probably the first report in India of primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in renal allograft recipients. It is a cause for concern as it may indicate a large reservoir of drug-resistant patients in the community.
authors.affiliation: Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mukundan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shastry
mesh_terms: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000494:pharmacology; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin