title: Human heart mast cells in anaphylaxis and cardiovascular disease.
abstract: All sections of human heart tissue demonstrate tryptase- and chymase-containing mast cells (HHMCs) which have for the first time been isolated, partially purified and studied in vitro. HHMCs contain similar histamine levels as lung and skin mast cells, but tryptase levels are lower than in skin and higher than in lung mast cells. Complement C5a causes rapid dose-dependent release of histamine from HHMCs, but they are refractory to substance P and fMLP. Cross-linking IgE receptors on HHMCs leads to arachidonic acid metabolism through both the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways. HHMCs and their vasoactive mediators may be involved in anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions in humans and in the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marone
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Crescenzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adt
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000473:pathology*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053818:Chymases; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000494:pharmacology; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017997:Leukotriene C4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011940:Receptor Aggregation; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000187:drug effects; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000032:analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology; D053802:Tryptases
chemical_list: D017455:Receptors, IgE; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D017997:Leukotriene C4; D013373:Substance P; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D015936:Complement C5a; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C083294:chymase 2; D053818:Chymases; D053802:Tryptases; D015230:Prostaglandin D2