title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor downregulates allogeneic immune responses by posttranscriptional inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
abstract: We report downregulatory effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on allogeneic immune responses in vitro. G-CSF did not affect the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) against allogeneic Daudi cells but did inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha secretion. In contrast with G-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF and interleukin (IL)-3 enhanced alloactivation-induced TNF-alpha production. G-CSF-mediated suppression of TNF-alpha production was not affected by fixation of stimulators. G-CSF did not inhibit TNF-alpha mRNA expression or accelerate mRNA degradation, whereas pentoxifylline inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA. These results indicate that G-CSF acts directly on responder cells and modulates TNF-alpha production at posttranscriptional levels. Suppression of TNF-alpha secretion was accompanied by an increase of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration in alloactivated PBMC. The cell-permeable cAMP analogue, dibutyryl cAMP, suppressed TNF-alpha secretion without affecting TNF-alpha mRNA expression. G-CSF showed an inhibitory effect on the development of cytotoxic effector cells against allogeneic Daudi cells. Anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody (MoAb) also inhibited the induction of cytolytic activity, and the inhibitory effects of G-CSF and anti-TNF-alpha MoAb on killer activity generation were overcome by adding exogenous TNF-alpha. Hence, impaired generation of cytolytic effector cells by G-CSF is believed to be the result of reduced TNF-alpha production. Collectively, the results described above suggest that G-CSF downregulates allogeneic immune responses by posttranscriptionally inhibiting TNF-alpha production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitabayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirokawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niitsu
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003994:Bucladesine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010431:Pentoxifylline