title: Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release from mast cells by the anti-inflammatory drugs, sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium.
abstract: TNF-alpha is a cytokine thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and in several other inflammatory conditions. Given recent evidence that mast cells (MC) are an important source of TNF-alpha, we investigated the effects of two anti-inflammatory drugs, nedocromil sodium (NED) and sodium cromoglycate (SCG), on rat MC-derived TNF-alpha. We established that at least 2 h pretreatment with NED or SCG followed by washing was required to inhibit TNF-alpha-dependent cytotoxicity by rat peritoneal MC (PMC). A maximum inhibition of TNF-alpha occurred after 6 h treatment. The inhibitory effect of NED and SCG (10(-5)-10(-3)M) was concentration-dependent (20-37% for NED and 16-37% for SCG). The time-course analysis and the use of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, provided strong evidence that new protein synthesis by the MC is required for this inhibitory effect. Furthermore, 24 h treatment with 1 mM NED inhibited the levels of mRNA for TNF-alpha by 59-83%. In addition to the effect on TNF-alpha-dependent cytotoxicity by MC, 20 min pretreatment with 10(-4) M NED and SCG inhibited antigen-stimulated TNF-alpha release (6h) by 42% and 48%, respectively. Interestingly, the functionally distinct intestinal mucosal MC (IMMC) is unresponsive to these drugs with regard to histamine secretion. However, as with PMC, 2h pretreatment with NED or SCG inhibited TNF-alpha-dependent cytotoxicity by IMMC. These effects may be important in the action of these drugs in vivo in the late phase reaction in asthma or other inflammatory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Bissonnette
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Enciso
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Befus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017835:Nedocromil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017835:Nedocromil; D012313:RNA; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium