title: Application of a fluorescent redox dye for enumeration of metabolically active bacteria on albumin-coated titanium surfaces.
abstract: A bacterial staining method using fluorescent redox dye 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) is described for quantifying actively respiring bacteria that adhere to commercially pure titanium surfaces coated with cross-linked albumin. This has not been possible to date using ordinary DNA stains such as propidium iodide (PI) or Hoechst, both of which produce a very bright background. With this technique, it was demonstrated that the cross-linked albumin inhibited the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. epidermidis to the titanium surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Draughn
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D006690:Bisbenzimidazole / Q000737:chemistry; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011419:Propidium / Q000737:chemistry; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C075453:5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D011419:Propidium; D014025:Titanium; D006690:Bisbenzimidazole