title: Generation of immunostimulatory dendritic cells from human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells of the bone marrow and peripheral blood.
abstract: Dendritic antigen-presenting cells are considered to be the most effective stimulators of T cell immunity. The use of dendritic cells has been proposed to generate therapeutic T cell responses to tumor antigens in cancer patients. One limitation is that the number of dendritic cells in peripheral blood is exceedingly low. Dendritic cells originate from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) which are present in the bone marrow and in small numbers in peripheral blood. CD34+ HPC can be mobilized into the peripheral blood by in vivo administration of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. The aim of the current study was to determine whether functional dendritic cells could be elicited and grown in vitro from CD34+ HPC derived from bone marrow or granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood. Culture of CD34+ HPC with granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha yielded a heterogeneous cell population containing cells with typical dendritic morphology. Phenotypic studies demonstrated a loss of the CD34 molecule over 1 week and an increase in cells expressing surface markers associated with dendritic cells, CD1a, CD80 (B7/BB1), CD4, CD14, HLA-DR, and CD64 (Fc gamma RI). Function was validated in experiments showing that cultured cells could stimulate proliferation of allogeneic CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Antigen-presenting capacity was further confirmed in experiments showing that cultured cells could effectively stimulate tetanus toxoid-specific responses and HER-2/neu peptide-specific responses. The derivation and expansion of dendritic cells from cultured bone marrow or granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-mobilized CD34+ HPC may provide adequate numbers for testing of dendritic cells in clinical studies, such as vaccine and T cell therapy trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bernhard
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Disis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heimfeld
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gralow
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cheever
mesh_terms: D017951:Antigen Presentation; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000494:pharmacology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000494:pharmacology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha