title: Oral immunization against diphtheria and tetanus infections by fluid diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.
abstract: Purified diphtheria toxoid incorporated in egg yolk and mixed with a medicinal plant seed was used to orally immunize rabbits against diphtheria infection. Animals were partially immunized against a lethal diphtheria toxin challenge. The immunity was complete when gastric enzyme juices were inhibited before oral vaccination by aprotinin, a natural protease inhibitor. Rabbits and monkeys were orally immunized against both diphtheria and tetanus in the same way by pre-treatment with aprotinin. Adult volunteers receiving protease inhibitor before administration of oral toxoids have shown a significant rise in specific circulating antitoxins.
authors.affiliation: Razi State Serum and Vaccine Institute, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirchamsy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamedi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fateh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sassani
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004165:Diphtheria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004166:Diphtheria Antitoxin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011817:Rabbits; D012449:Safety; D013742:Tetanus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013743:Tetanus Antitoxin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004166:Diphtheria Antitoxin; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D013743:Tetanus Antitoxin; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D017778:Vaccines, Combined; D007611:Aprotinin