title: Effects of glutamine on the immune system: influence of muscular exercise and HIV infection.
abstract: Glutamine increased the proliferative response and the lymphokine-activated killer cell activity of blood mononuclear cells isolated from normal healthy subjects (n = 6) in a dose-dependent manner, with optimum at 0.3-1.0 mM. The relative fraction of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD16+, and CD19+ cells was not changed by glutamine at a concentration of 0.6 mM, except in the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated proliferation experiment where the fraction of CD4+, and therefore CD3+ cells, increased. The natural killer cell activity was not influenced by glutamine. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive subjects (n = 8) who performed concentric bicycle exercise for 1 h at 75% of maximal O2 consumption had an overall lower phytohemagglutinin-stimulated proliferative response, compared with the HIV-seronegative control group (n = 7). The proliferation during exercise was lower in both the HIV-seropositive and the HIV-seronegative group. Addition of glutamine in vitro did not normalize the lower proliferation in the HIV-seropositive group or the attenuated proliferation seen during exercise in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ullum
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Newsholme
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000502:physiology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D005082:Physical Exertion; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D005973:Glutamine