title: Evaluation of laboratory tests for confirming the diagnosis of encephalitic listeriosis in ruminants.
abstract: Retrospective analysis of 93 bovine, ovine, and caprine cases diagnosed as listerial encephalitis revealed positive bacterial isolations in only 63% of 59 cases in which bacterial culture was attempted. Only 42% of 41 attempted bovine brain cultures were successful, compared with 67% from 6 sheep brains and 92% from 12 goat brains. Gram stains and Listeria-specific immunohistochemistry were evaluated as tools for verifying the presence of bacteria or listerial antigens in 38 animals. Sixteen of 17 animals in this group with positive bacterial isolations were immunochemically positive for listerial antigens (including 5/6 cattle), but Gram stains detected only 9/17 positive animals (including 1/6 cattle). Antigen was also detected in 15 of 21 animals (including 5/9 cattle) with unsuccessful or unattempted bacterial isolations. Of all 38 animals, the histologic diagnosis could be verified in 82% by immunohistochemistry, compared to 47% verified by Gram stains. Immunohistochemical testing was especially beneficial in locating antigen in lesions with few bacteria or bacterial antigens and is a rapid method of confirming the diagnosis of encephalitic listeriosis where inappropriate material is submitted for bacterial isolation or in culture-negative cases.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia 65205, USA.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Fales
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Maddox
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramos-Vara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005840:Gentian Violet; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006041:Goats; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010619:Phenazines; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; C035863:Gram's stain; D010619:Phenazines; D005840:Gentian Violet