title: Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine in celiac plexus block.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Following stellate ganglion block, systemic absorption of local anesthetics is rapid. Pharmacokinetic data for local anesthetics following other blocks, such as celiac plexus blocks, are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine in venous blood samples following celiac blocks were measured in 10 patients using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique; 40 mL plain bupivacaine 0.25% was administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Celiac plexus block resulted in maximum plasma concentrations of 0.7-2.5 mg/L bupivacaine (mean, 1.5 +/- 0.6 mg/L). In 3 of 10 patients plasma concentrations above 2 mg/L occurred. The maximum concentrations were reached 10-30 minutes after the injection (17 +/- 8 minutes). No clinical signs of central nervous system toxicity occurred. All patients showed hemodynamic stability following the blocks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maximum plasma concentrations of bupivacaine occur rather late following celiac blocks compared to stellate ganglion or intercostal blocks. The rather high plasma concentrations of bupivacaine indicate the need for appropriate clinical monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wulf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gleim
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulzeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002447:Celiac Plexus; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D002045:Bupivacaine