Cellular and antibody responses to equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 following vaccination of horses with modified-live and inactivated viruses.
The ability of monovalent and bivalent equine herpesvirus (EHV) vaccines to stimulate cellular and antibody responses to EHV-1 and EHV-4 was compared in healthy horses. Comparison of data from lymphocyte blastogenesis tests in which live viruses were used as antigens and that were conducted prior to vaccination and after 2 vaccinations revealed that horses given modified-live EHV-1 had significant increases in proliferative responses to EHV-1 (P = 0.03) and EHV-4 (P = 0.04). Responses to EHV-1 and EHV-4 in horses given the inactivated-virus bivalent vaccine were less; however, significant differences were not noticed when postvaccinal lymphocyte blastogenesis tests were compared between the groups of vaccinees. Interleukin-2 activity was not detected in leukocyte cultures from either group of vaccines following stimulation with live EHV-1 or EHV-4; however, interferon activity was found in similar cultures from both groups of vaccinees. For EHV-4, interferon activity in cultures from both groups of vaccinees was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that in leukocyte cultures from unvaccinated controls. Both vaccines induced significant (P < 0.05) increases in serum antibodies that neutralized EHV-1 infectivity. The ELISA for EHV-1 and EHV-4 antibodies revealed that both vaccines induced significant (P < 0.05) increases (compared with preinoculation values) in antibodies reactive with these 2 types of EHV. Total serum antibody responses, as measured by ELISA, to EHV-1 and EHV-4 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in horses that received the bivalent inactivated-virus vaccine, compared with that in horses that received monovalent vaccine. Evaluation of these data revealed that vaccination with modified-live EHV-1 can stimulate cellular and antibody responses that cross-react with EHV-4.
Ellis
J A
JA
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
Bogdan
J R
JR
Kanara
E W
EW
Morley
P S
PS
Haines
D M
DM
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D004861:Herpesvirus 1, Equid / Q000276:immunology*; D006736:Horses / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007372:Interferons / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007372:Interferons