title: Complement in serum and dialysate in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), activation of complement in the peritoneal cavity may theoretically occur, with inappropriately high or low levels of certain complement factors in dialysate as a consequence. In a group of children on CAPD, it was tested whether levels of a number of complement factors in dialysate were in the range that was predicted on the basis of their molecular weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and dialysate levels of C1q, C3, C4, C3d, B, D, and P were measured after a night dwell in children on CAPD. Simultaneously, four non-complement proteins (beta 2-microglobulin, albumin, IgG, and alpha 2-macroglobulin) were also measured in dialysate and serum. Assuming a linear relationship between the log base 10 of the dialysate/serum ratio of these non-complement proteins and the log base 10 of their molecular weight, the expected ratios of all complement factors were determined. The differences between actual and predicted ratios were tested using a modified t-test, taking into account the inaccuracy of the estimate.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 14 children on CAPD, with a median age of 7.8 years (range 2.1 - 13.2). These children had been on CAPD for a median period of 42.4 months (range 0.4 - 89.1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratios of factor D (p < 0.001) and C3d (p = 0.035) were elevated, whereas those of C3 (p < 0.001), C4 (p < 0.001), and factor P (p = 0.012) were decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relatively low dialysate/serum ratios of C4, C3, and factor P could be caused by intraperitoneal consumption of complement. High levels of C3d are compatible with this. High dialysate/serum ratios of factor D indicate intraperitoneal production of factor D. These results provide evidence for activation of complement in the peritoneal cavity in children on CAPD. A further reduction of already low levels of complement factors in dialysate as a result of this may impair host defense.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sint Radboud University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Reddingius
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Daha
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Monnens
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003167:Complement Activation; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000276:immunology; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D003165:Complement System Proteins