title: Cell acidification in apoptosis: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor delays programmed cell death in neutrophils by up-regulating the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase.
abstract: Neutrophils in tissue culture spontaneously undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis), a process characterized by well-defined morphological alterations affecting the cell nucleus. We found that these morphological changes were preceded by intracellular acidification and that acidification and the apoptotic changes in nuclear morphology were both delayed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Among the agents that defend neutrophils against intracellular acidification is a vacuolar H(+)-ATPase that pumps protons out of the cytosol. When this proton pump was inhibited by bafilomycin A1, G-CSF no longer protected the neutrophils against apoptosis. We conclude that G-CSF delays apoptosis in neutrophils by up-regulating the cells' vacuolar H(+)-ATPase and that intracellular acidification is an early event in the apoptosis program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Giesing
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Engler
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Babior
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D018942:Macrolides; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018942:Macrolides; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; C040929:bafilomycin A1; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases