title: Vinorelbine: an active drug for the management of patients with heavily pretreated Hodgkin's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of the weekly administration of vinorelbine (5'-nor-anhydrovinblastine), a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid, in heavily pretreated patients with Hodgkin's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with Hodgkin's disease refractory or resistant to at least two chemotherapy regimens were enrolled in this study. Vinorelbine was administered in a weekly dose of 30 mg/m2 i.v. bolus and patients were evaluated after four courses. All but two were considered evaluable for drug response. The reasons for their exclusion were early death due to pancytopenia and loss to follow-up after two courses. In complete responders, six additional courses were administered; in all other patients, treatment was continued until their diseases progressed. Toxicity was evaluated in 23 patients according to the Common Toxicity Criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of 22 evaluable patients (50%) showed objective response (complete 14% and partial 36%). The median duration of response was six months for both complete and partial responders (range 2-10 months). Thirteen patients are still alive and five are still on therapy. Grade 3-4 granulocytopenia was documented in 53% of patients and grade 3 infections in 13%. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were negligible. Nausea and vomiting were not observed; grade 2 alopecia occurred in only one patient. There were grade 3 reactions at the injection site in the first five patients, so a venous central access was utilized in the subsequent patients. Two patients had grade 1 constipation and only one developed an adynamic ileum. Although all patients had previously been treated with vinca alkaloid analogs, peripheral neuropathy was mild.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that vinorelbine is active as a single agent in heavily pretreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. The efficacy in patients pretreated with at least two vinca alkaloids suggests a possible absence of cross-resistance between vinorelbine and other vinka analogs. Toxicity is mild and reversible. The inclusion of vinorelbine in secondline combination chemotherapy regimens for Hodgkin's disease is strongly recommended.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Devizzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bonfante
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viviani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balzarini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valagussa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonadonna
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008466:Mechlorethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011878:Radiotherapy; D012074:Remission Induction; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077235:Vinorelbine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001761:Bleomycin; D011344:Procarbazine; D008466:Mechlorethamine; D014750:Vincristine; D014747:Vinblastine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D000077235:Vinorelbine; D011241:Prednisone