title: Biliary sludging in critically ill trauma patients.
abstract: We used serial weekly ultrasonography to prospectively screen 19 critically ill trauma victims for the development of biliary sludge. Fourteen patients had sludge formation during their hospitalization. Sludge development was positively associated with increased transfusion requirements, but not with any other laboratory or clinical findings, including injury severity scores. The enteral feedings administered to most patients did not prevent sludge formation in the majority of cases; all five patients receiving total parenteral nutrition had sludge. Three patients had complications that could possibly be attributed to the sludge (one case of acalculous cholecystitis and two cases of mild pancreatitis). No such problems occurred in the five patients who did not have sludge. No long-term clinical problems related to sludge have occurred. We conclude that gallbladder sludge frequently develops in critically ill trauma patients and that sludge may be associated with pancreatobiliary complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington 40536-0084, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toursarkissian
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Holley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Strodel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000681:Amylases; D001663:Bilirubin