title: Food anaphylaxis following ingestion of carmine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk of sensitization to reactive dyes is well established. The clinical situation is caused most often by synthetic azo dyes and triphenylmethane derivatives but natural dyes such as carmine extracted from dried female insects, Coccus cacti (cochineal), have been incriminated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Study of a case of anaphylaxis after ingestion of yogurt to establish the responsibility of carmine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report of a patient who received skin prick test and leukocyte histamine release test with carmine and yogurt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case provided evidence of an IgE-dependent mechanism and draws attention to the triggering dose of carmine (1 mg) although the acceptable daily intake is up to 5.0 mg per kg of body weight.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Immunologie Clinique et d'Allergologie, CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Rue du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beaudouin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kanny
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fremont
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moneret-Vautrin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*; D001491:Basophils / Q000276:immunology; D002329:Carmine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006636:Histamine Release; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests; D015014:Yogurt / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D002329:Carmine