title: History of the medical uses of radiation: regulatory and voluntary standards of protection.
abstract: The main focus of this paper is on the historical development of safety standards in the use of radiation or radioactive materials in medicine. However, to provide better understanding and perspective on this history, it must be interwoven with major events and advancements in the development and use of radiation, particularly in the field of medicine. Since this history, as well as that of major events that stimulated the development of radiation protection standards, is extensive, only a very brief overview can be given here. Thus, a sufficient list of references is also provided to allow further examination of detailed historical documentation, and to provide an easier entry into further research. Also, some identification of individuals who have made important contributions to the development of standards, but who are not widely identified in either the relevant standards or the historical literature, is included. This will aid the serious historian in examining files of organizations to uncover facts or rationale that could better explain historical events or developments.
authors.affiliation: Georgetown University, Berlin, MD 21811-9127, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kathren
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Willis
mesh_terms: D004493:Education; D006077:Government Agencies; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000266:history; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000266:history* / Q000592:standards; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011883:Radium; D011886:Radon; D012958:Societies, Scientific; D014481:United States; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D011886:Radon; D011883:Radium