title: Role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in relapsed/resistant intermediate and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients treated with the E-SHAP regimen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study assessed the role and potential benefit of rhG-CSF in reducing the frequency, duration and severity of neutropenia following cytotoxic chemotherapy according to the E-SHAP protocol and, at the same time in improving the response rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with resistant/relapsed intermediate or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with the E-SHAP regimen (etoposide+methyl prednisolone+high dose cytosine arabinoside and cisplatin), and in 15 of them, we administered rhG-CSF between chemotherapeutic courses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 15 patients who received G-CSF after E-SHAP were neutropenic for a short time and experienced no febrile episodes or infective complications. In contrast, in the group (5 patients) who did not receive G-CSF, the WBC nadir was lower and the number of days with a neutrophil count below 1.0 x 10(9)/L was longer, with a greater risk of inferctious complications. Of the 15 patients, only one had a delay in chemotherapy administration, and the RDI was 95% in the 65% of patients who received G-CSF. Of 5 patients treated with chemotherapy alone, 4 had a delay and the RDI was over 95% in only one patient. We obtained a good overall response rate (70%) in the group who received G-CSF. In the historical group of 5 non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients, we observed only 1 partial response and 4 had progression of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of G-CSF is associated with an acceleration of neutrophil recovery, indicating its potential to reduce the risk of infection. The use of G-CSF permitted us to administer intensive chemotherapy without delay and according to standard dosage, with an improved response rate.
authors.affiliation: University of Milan, Department of Haematology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mangiagalli
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miccolis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maffé
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pogliani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corneo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin; D008775:Methylprednisolone