title: Interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide reduce cAMP responses in cultured glial cells: reversal by a type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine whether two classical macrophage activators, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) could affect the accumulation of the second messenger cAMP in cultured rat microglia and astrocytes. Purified microglia and astrocyte secondary cultures obtained from the neonatal rat were grown for 3 days in basal medium Eagle (BME) + 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Exposure of microglia to LPS resulted into a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the accumulation of cAMP induced by receptor-mediated (isoproterenol or prostaglandin E2) or direct (forskolin) activation of adenylate cyclase. The inhibitory effect of LPS was rapid (a 10 min preincubation was sufficient to approach a maximal effect), occurred at low doses (IC50 = 1.2 ng/ml), and was not abrogated by pertussis toxin. A selective inhibitor of type IV phosphodiesterase (rolipram, 100 nM) prevented the effect of LPS on cAMP accumulation, while inhibitors of other forms of phosphodiesterase were unable to do so. IFN-gamma (100 u/ml) also caused a depression of the evoked cAMP accumulation in microglia after a 10 min preincubation, and its effect was prevented by rolipram, as in the case of LPS. Astrocytes differed from microglia in that LPS (1-100 ng/ml) did not inhibit the accumulation of cAMP induced by either isoproterenol or forskolin; on the other hand, IFN-gamma did have an inhibitory effect (though less pronounced than in microglia) that could be prevented by rolipram.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Section, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patrizio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levi
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000201:enzymology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000201:enzymology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020889:Rolipram; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D005576:Colforsin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D020889:Rolipram; D007545:Isoproterenol