title: Right ventricular dysfunction in low output syndrome after cardiac operations: assessment by transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low output syndrome after cardiac operations is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The contribution of right ventricular dysfunction to this syndrome has not been fully characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of transesophageal echocardiography to identify the frequency and the in-hospital mortality from right ventricular dysfunction in patients with this syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five consecutive patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography for low output syndrome early after cardiac operations were evaluated. The findings from transesophageal echocardiography were correlated with the type of surgical procedure, cross-clamp time, right heart hemodynamics, and coronary angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Right ventricular systolic dysfunction occurred in 36 patients (42%); in 17 patients it was isolated and in 19 patients it occurred in combination with left ventricular dysfunction. Postoperative right ventricular dysfunction was not uniformly associated with important right coronary artery disease or with prolonged ischemic time during cardiopulmonary bypass. Hemodynamic data were not useful to distinguish the group with postoperative right ventricular dysfunction. Patients with right ventricular dysfunction had a high (44%) in-hospital mortality rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Right ventricular dysfunction occurs frequently in patients with low output syndrome after cardiac operations and is associated with a high in-hospital mortality rate. Better understanding of the mechanisms causing postoperative right ventricular dysfunction may provide insight for preventing this complication.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Dávila-Román
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Waggoner
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barzilai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology