title: Relationships between sclerosing cholangitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer in patients undergoing liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver transplantation has emerged as the definitive treatment for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Its relationships to inflammatory bowel disease and cholangiocarcinoma were evaluated in this series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three liver transplantations were performed in 41 patients with PSC at the University of Wisconsin from 1986 through 1994. Fourteen of the patients underwent colectomies for inflammatory bowel disease, eight before transplantation and six after transplantation. Five patients had cholangiocarcinoma on the hepatectomy specimen, and another two had been diagnosed before transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient survival for PSC without cholangiocarcinoma was 85% and 62% at 2 and 9 years, respectively. No patient with PSC and cholangiocarcinoma has survived 2 years, although two patients were free of disease 11 and 20 months after transplantation. Despite maintenance immunosuppression seven patients with liver transplants had reactivation of inflammatory bowel disease and colon carcinoma developed in three after liver transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver transplantation should be performed early in the course of PSC to avoid the lethal complications of cholangiocarcinoma. Careful colonoscopic follow-up is necessary in patients undergoing transplantation for PSC because immunosuppressive therapy does not necessarily cause inflammatory bowel disease to be quiescent, nor does it reduce the risk of colon carcinoma developing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Knechtle
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pirsch
authors.forename: F O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Belzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalayoglu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D003082:Colectomy; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies