title: [Comparative investigations of mycotoxological status of alternatively and conventionally grown crops].
abstract: 100 samples of rye and 101 samples of wheat coming out of both conventional and alternative or ecological production were investigated for contamination with mycotoxins with interest for our degree of latitude. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was found with thin-layer-chromatography in 131 of 201 samples altogether. A top level of 1250 micrograms DON kg-1 in rye of alternative offspring was detected. The average burden in contaminated rye coming from ecological production was 427 micrograms kg-1 and a mean level of 160 micrograms kg-1 resulting in rye out of conventional growth conditions. In wheat, conventionally grown yield showed slightly lower contamination (mean levels of 420 micrograms DON kg-1 towards 486 micrograms kg-1). The toxins 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and fusarenone X were detected in some samples by thin-layer-chromatography. This results could not be confirmed by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry. Zearalenone was found in 40 out of the number of 201 samples of grain by HPLC with fluorescence detection. An average of 6 micrograms and 24 micrograms zearalenone kg-1 in conventionally and alternatively grown wheat and 4 micrograms and 51 micrograms zearalenone kg-1 in conventionally and alternatively produced rye was detected. The highest finding of zearalenone was 199 micrograms kg-1 in alternatively grown rye. Skin toxicity testing did not show any reference of contamination with type-A-trichothecenes. No correlation between contamination of zearalenone or deoxynivalenol and thousand-kernel-weight was detected.
authors.affiliation: Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektions- und Seuchenlehre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gedek
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kollarczik
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D012434:Secale / Q000254:growth & development*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D012882:Skin Tests; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone; C038405:nivalenol; C007262:deoxynivalenol
vernacular_title: Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum mykotoxikologischen Status von ökologisch und konventionell angebautem Getreide.