title: Differentiation of rat brown adipocytes during late foetal development: role of insulin-like growth factor I.
abstract: Rat brown adipocytes at day 22 of foetal development showed greater size, higher mitochondria content and larger amounts of lipids, as determined by flow cytometry, than 20-day foetal cells. Simultaneously, an inhibition on the percentage of brown adipocytes into S+G2/M phases of the cell cycle was observed between days 20 and 22 of foetal development. The expression of several adipogenesis-related genes, such as fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and insulin-regulated glucose transporter, increased at the end of foetal life in brown adipose tissue. In addition, the lipogenic enzyme activities and the lipogenic flux increased during late foetal development, resulting in mature brown adipocytes showing a multilocular fat droplet phenotype. Concurrently, brown adipocytes induced the expression of the uncoupling protein (UP) mRNA and UP protein, as visualized by immunofluorescence. The three isoforms of CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) were expressed at the mRNA level in brown adipose tissue at day 20. C/EBP alpha decreased and C/EBP beta and delta increased their expression between days 20 and 22 of foetal development, respectively. Brown adipose tissue constitutively expressed insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNAs. Moreover, IGF-IR mRNA content increased between days 20 and 22 in parallel with the occurrence of tissue differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teruel
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D005865:Gestational Age; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1