title: Follicular fluid levels of midazolam, fentanyl, and alfentanil during transvaginal oocyte retrieval.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the time course of changes in follicular fluid (FF) concentrations of midazolam (Roche Products Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom), fentanyl (Janssen Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Wantage, United Kingdom), and alfentanil (Janssen Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) during ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte collection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients with tubal infertility were randomized to receive a bolus IV dose of midazolam, fentanyl, or alfentanil for sedation during ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte collection. Paracervical block with lignocaine was given for analgesia. Simultaneous blood and FF samples were drawn at 5-minute intervals after the bolus dose for analysis of drug levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were obtained on 15 women receiving midazolam and fentanyl and on 13 women receiving alfentanil. Plasma levels of all agents rose to a peak and then fell in an exponential fashion as was expected. The FF levels of the agents continued to rise significantly to 25 minutes after the bolus dose, although the absolute level was low when compared with the blood level. There were no significant differences in fertilization or pregnancy rates in the three groups, but patient numbers were small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that midazolam, fentanyl, and alfentanil are found in FF after a single IV dose, but further investigation needs to be undertaken to investigate any potential influence on fertilization and implantation rates.
authors.affiliation: In Vitro Fertilization Unit, Royal Masonic Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soussis
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paraschos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Troughton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grounds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018587:Oocyte Donation / Q000379:methods; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D010060:Ovulation / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015760:Alfentanil; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl