title: Electrically stimulated gracilis sphincter (dynamic graciloplasty) for treatment of intrinsic sphincter deficiency: a pilot study on feasibility and side effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The feasibility and side effects of electrically stimulated gracilis sphincter (dynamic graciloplasty) were studied in 7 patients with severe incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  The distal part of the gracilis muscle is wrapped around the bladder neck. Afterwards, 2 muscle electrodes and a programmable pulse stimulator are implanted. During a stimulation program the fatigable type 2 skeletal fibers are replaced by slow type 1 fibers, which are able to sustain a long lasting contraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the patients 3 are continent, 1 is partially continent and treatment failed in 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are encouraging. Dynamic graciloplasty may have a role in the treatment of intrinsic sphincter deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Janknegt
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Heesakkers
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Baeten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*