title: Virion formation is required for the long-distance movement of red clover necrotic mosaic virus in movement protein transgenic plants.
abstract: The red clover necrotic mosaic dianthovirus (RCNMV) genome is split between two single-stranded RNA species. The polycistronic RNA-1 encodes the viral RNA polymerase and capsid protein (CP) and the monocistronic RNA-2 encodes the 35 kDa cell-to-cell movement protein (MP). Nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with the RCNMV MP gene were generated. When inoculated onto the MP transgenic plants, cell-to-cell movement of RNA-1 occurred at a rate similar to wild-type virus. However, long-distance (leaf-to-leaf) movement of RNA-1 was not observed. Neither CP nor virions were detected in the inoculated leaves of the MP transgenic plants. When RNA-1 was coinoculated with RNA-2 mutants, which do not express a functional MP, onto MP transgenic plants, CP and virions were readily detected and a systemic infection resulted. These results demonstrate that both RNA-1 and RNA-2 are necessary for the accumulation of both CP and virions. Furthermore, CP accumulation was found to be required for long-distance movement of RCNMV. Therefore, these data provide evidence that CP, in the form of virions, is necessary for the long-distance movement of RCNMV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7616, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vaewhongs
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lommel
mesh_terms: D002213:Capsid / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000821:virology; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D009029:Mosaic Viruses / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000821:virology; D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014771:Virion / Q000378:metabolism; D019065:Virus Assembly / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins