title: Xenoestrogens alter mammary gland differentiation and cell proliferation in the rat.
abstract: We investigated mammary gland differentiation and cell proliferation in rats after acute exposure to xenoestrogens. Pubertal female Sprague-Dawley rats (six/group) were treated for 1 week with diethylstilbestrol (DES), genistein, o,p'-DDT, Aroclor 1221, Aroclor 1254, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or the vehicle, sesame oil. Animals were killed 18 hr after the last treatment. Analysis of mammary whole-mounts revealed that exposure to DES, genistein, and o,p'-DDT resulted in enhanced gland differentiation and increased epithelial cell proliferation as measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry, TCDD treatment inhibited cell proliferation and gland development. Aroclor 1221 and Aroclor 1254 treatments had slight but not statistically significant effects on cell proliferation and mammary gland development. We conclude that DES, genistein, and o,p'-DDT given to pubertal rats act as morphogens; i.e., they increase cell proliferation, which promotes maturation of the undifferentiated terminal end buds to more differentiated lobular terminal ductal structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294, USA.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lamartiniere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001140:Aroclors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003634:DDT / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001140:Aroclors; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D003634:DDT