title: 9-cis retinoic acid inhibition of activation-induced apoptosis is mediated via regulation of fas ligand and requires retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor activation.
abstract: T-cell hybridomas, thymocytes, and T cells can be induced to undergo apoptotic cell death by activation through the T-cell receptor. This process requires macromolecular synthesis and thus gene expression, and it has been shown to be influenced by factors regulating transcription. Recently, activation, T-cell hybridomas rapidly express the Fas/CD95 receptor and its ligand, Fas ligand (FasL), which interact to transduce the death signal in the activated cell. Retinoids, the active metabolites of vitamin A, modulate expression of specific target genes by binding to two classes of intracellular receptors, retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). They are potent modulators of apoptosis in a number of experimental models, and they have been shown to inhibit activation-induced apoptosis in T-cell hybridomas and thymocytes. Particularly effective is the prototypic pan-agonist 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA), which has high affinity for both RARs and RXRs. We report here that 9-cis RA inhibits T-cell receptor-mediated apoptosis in T-cell hybridomas by blocking the expression of Fas ligand following activation. This inhibition appears to be at the level of FasL mRNA, with the subsequent failure to express cell surface FasL. RAR-selective (TTNPB) or RXR-selective (LG100268) ligands alone were considerably less potent than RAR-RXR pan-agonists. However, the addition of both RAR- and RXR-selective ligands was as effective as the addition of 9-cis RA alone. The demonstrates that the inhibitory effect requires the ligand-mediated activation of both retinoid receptor signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bissonnette
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lazarchik
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Heyman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D006825:Hybridomas; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012176:Retinoids; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019014:fas Receptor; D014212:Tretinoin; C038864:4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid; C095104:LG 100268