title: Intravenous sedation in pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
abstract: To assess the safety and efficacy of intravenous sedation in pediatric upper endoscopy, all elective outpatient procedures performed during a 2-year period (January 1, 1991 through December 31, 1992) were retrospectively reviewed. Of 614 children, 553 received intravenous meperidine and midazolam; 61 received fentanyl and midazolam. The mean dose of meperidine was 1.5 +/- 0.7 mg/kg and of fentanyl 0.0031 +/- 0.0014 mg/kg. Less midazolam was needed for children receiving fentanyl than for those receiving meperidine (0.05 +/- 0.03 mg/kg versus 0.08 +/- 0.05 mg/kg, p < 002). Recovery time (minutes) was shorter for those receiving fentanyl (74.7 +/- 22.8 versus 95.1 +/- 23.0, p < .003). Side effects occurred in 117 patients (19.1%), of which the majority were mild (83%); all were transient with no residual sequelae. Inability to complete the procedure occurred in fewer than 1%. We conclude that both combinations of medication are safe and effective for children of all ages. The use of fentanyl/midazolam results in a shorter recovery time and a lower dose of midazolam.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Medical School 19104, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wenner
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Piccoli
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Altschuler
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Liacouras
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D008614:Meperidine; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl