title: Cefixime penetration in human renal parenchyma.
abstract: The diffusion of cefixime, a new orally active expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, was studied in 12 patients undergoing nephrectomy after receiving 200-mg oral doses every 12 h for 2 days. The patients were divided into two groups according to the time of perioperative sampling after the last dose: 4 h (group 1) and 12 h (group 2). Preoperative blood samples were taken just before administration of the last dose of cefixime. Simultaneous blood and tissue samples were collected perioperatively at 4 h (time to peak level) and 12 h (residual level). The intrarenal concentrations of cefixime were measured by an isocratic reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay. Concentrations in serum were determined by both microbiological and HPLC assays. The mean peak levels in serum were 3.41 +/- 0.43 micrograms/ml (group 1), and the residual levels averaged 1.54 +/- 1.17 micrograms/ml (group 2). The diffusion in renal parenchyma was not significantly different in the cortexes and medullas of both groups of patients: 5.7 to 6.4 micrograms/g in group 1 and 4.6 to 4.7 micrograms/g in group 2. The decrease in cefixime concentrations was slower in tissue than in serum; the ratios of concentrations in tissue to those in serum were 3.5 to 3.6 and 1.7 to 1.9 at 4 and 12 h, respectively. The intrarenal concentrations of cefixime remained higher than the MIC for the most susceptible gram-negative bacteria during the time interval between the administration of two doses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Rouen, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oser
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grise
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Humbert
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020682:Cefixime; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020682:Cefixime; D002439:Cefotaxime