title: Single-step assembly of a gene and entire plasmid from large numbers of oligodeoxyribonucleotides.
abstract: Here, we describe assembly PCR as a method for the synthesis of long DNA sequences from large numbers of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligos). The method, which is derived from DNA shuffling [Stemmer, Nature 370 (1994a) 389-391], does not rely on DNA ligase but instead relies on DNA polymerase to build increasingly longer DNA fragments during the assembly process. A 1.1-kb fragment containing the TEM-1 beta-lactamase-encoding gene (bla) was assembled in a single reaction from a total of 56 oligos, each 40 nucleotides (nt) in length. The synthetic gene was PCR amplified and cloned in a vector containing the tetracycline-resistance gene (TcR) as the sole selectable marker. Without relying on ampicillin (Ap) selection, 76% of the TcR colonies were ApR, making this approach a general method for the rapid and cost-effective synthesis of any gene. We tested the range of assembly PCR by synthesizing, in a single reaction vessel containing 134 oligos, a high-molecular-mass multimeric form of a 2.7-kb plasmid containing the bla gene, the alpha-fragment of the lacZ gene and the pUC origin of replication. Digestion with a unique restriction enzyme, followed by ligation and transformation in Escherichia coli, yielded the correct plasmid. Assembly PCR is well suited for several in vitro mutagenesis strategies.
authors.affiliation: Affymax Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Stemmer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crameri
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Heyneker
mesh_terms: D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D005813:Genes, Synthetic; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C034413:beta-lactamase TEM-1