title: Time-of-flight techniques. Pulse sequences and clinical protocols.
abstract: Time-of-flight, the most commonly used angiographic sequence, relies on the inflow of bright, relaxed blood into a region whose magnetization is suppressed by radiofrequency pulses. Good angiographic contrast relies on pulse rates (i. e., repetition times) that are fast enough and pulse amplitudes (i. e., flip angles) that are large enough to saturate the magnetization of the background without saturating the magnetization of entering blood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*