title: A novel ELISA for the assessment of classical pathway of complement activation in vivo by measurement of C4-C3 complexes.
abstract: Measurements of complement split products by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are well established for the assessment of in vivo complement activation. We have combined two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with specificities for C3b/iC3b/C3dg (mAb I3/15) and C4/C4b/C4d (mAb M4d2), respectively, in a sandwich ELISA to quantitate C4-C3 complexes as an indicator of complement activation. Serum incubated with heat aggregated IgG (HAG) was used as a standard and the C4-C3 levels expressed as microgram equivalent HAG/ml (microgram HAG-equ/ml). Normal values of C4-C3 complexes in plasma (EDTA) of healthy probands (n = 11) were 6.3 micrograms HAG-equ/ml +/- 1.5 (mean +/- 1 standard deviation (SD), with a range from 3.6 to 9.1). In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 23) C4-C3 values were clearly elevated (48.8 micrograms HAG-equ/ml +/- 52.9, range 7.5-184.7) as compared to samples from patients with idiopathic hypertension (IDH, n = 10) (6.5 micrograms HAG-equ/ml +/- 1.7, range 4.1-9.4). For SLE patients C4-C3 levels significantly correlated with values for C3b/iC3b/C3d (r = 0.69, p < 0.001) and C3 containing immune complexes (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), but not with the C4d fragment (r = 0.26). C4-C3 levels of 96% of the studied SLE patients were increased more than 2 SD above the normal mean as compared to 74% of C4d and activated C3 values, respectively. Serum treated with zymosan as an activator of the alternative pathway of complement did not exhibit higher C4-C3 values. These results demonstrate that the quantitation of in vivo generated C4-C3 complexes by ELISA provide a novel, sensitive parameter for classical pathway of complement activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zwirner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dobos
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Götze
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D003171:Complement Pathway, Classical; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D046911:Macromolecular Substances