title: Evidence for a role of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A during early nephrogenesis.
abstract: Although most transcriptional events appear to be modulated by reversible protein phosphorylation, little is known about the role of this regulatory system during the development of mammalian organs. Here we have studied the serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PP) 1 and 2A in the early embryonic rat kidney with regard to expression and effects on growth and differentiation. All isoforms of PP-1 and PP-2A were ubiquitously expressed in 15-day embryonic (E15) kidneys (in situ hybridization studies). In contrast, mRNA for inhibitor-1 (I-1), an endogenous inhibitor of PP-1, was detected only in undifferentiated stem cells in the outer cortical area. I-1 is a novel marker for these cells. The abundance of the PP-1 protein, confirmed with immunoblotting, was high in the embryonic kidney. In organ culture of E13 kidneys, okadaic acid (OA), an exogenous inhibitor of PP-1 and PP-2A, dose-dependently inhibited growth and nephron formation (apparent half-maximal effect at 6 nM). OA 10 nM had little effect on the growth of cultured E15 kidneys, whereas nephron formation was disturbed and morphological evidence of apoptosis was seen. In summary, this study points towards important roles for protein phosphatases 1 and/or 2A in regulation of mitogenic activity in the early embryonic kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svennilson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durbeej
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Celsi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laestadius
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: da Cruz e Silva
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekblom
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aperia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015151:Immunoblotting; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009024:Morphogenesis; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C021042:protein phosphatase inhibitor-1; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D013912:Threonine; D012694:Serine; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases