title: Transvaginal color Doppler assessment of endometrial status in normal postmenopausal women: the effect of hormone replacement therapy.
abstract: We used transvaginal color Doppler sonography to study the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the endometrial structure and vascular flow of 345 normal postmenopausal women. We studied women taking estrogen replacement alone, continuous combined estrogen and progestogen, and estrogen followed sequentially by estrogen-progestogen combination. Endometrial measurements prior to the initiation of hormone replacement therapy were used as baseline values. An increase in endometrial thickness was seen soon after initiation of hormone replacement therapy (P < 0.0001). Hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma was found only when endometrial thickness was greater then 9 mm. No correlation was found between hormone replacement therapy and the occurrence of endometrial hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonilla-Musoles
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ballester
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martí
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raga
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Osborne
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017698:Postmenopause; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014621:Vagina
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins