title: Androgen receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding liver: relationship with tumor size and recurrence rate after surgical resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the parameters associated with the presence of androgen receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding non-tumoral liver. Furthermore, we have assessed whether androgen receptor positivity influences disease recurrence after surgical resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Androgen receptor concentration was calculated by receptor binding assay in tumoral and non-tumoral liver in 43 patients (40 of them with cirrhosis) with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent surgical resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Androgen receptors were found in 28 of the tumoral and in 30 of the non-tumoral samples, at concentrations ranging between 5 and 211 fmol/mg protein. The presence of androgen receptors within the tumor was significantly related to a smaller tumor size. Thereby, 22 of the 29 nodules < or = 3 cm contained androgen receptors, while this occurred in only six of the 14 tumors larger than 3 cm (p < 0.05). In contrast, the only parameter associated with the presence of androgen receptors in the non-tumoral liver was a lower gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase concentration. Disease recurrence after surgical resection was not only related to some tumor characteristics (increased alfa-fetoprotein concentration, presence of satellites, differentiation degree), but also to the presence of androgen receptors in the surrounding liver. Thus, the probability of recurrence after 1- and 2-year follow up in patients with androgen-positive livers was 33% and 50%, respectively, while it was 0% and 20% in those with androgen-negative livers (p < 0.05). In contrast, the presence of androgen receptors within the tumor was not associated with a higher recurrence rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that only two thirds of hepatocellular carcinomas contained androgen receptors and that this feature was more frequent in small tumors. In addition, our data indicate that the presence of androgen receptors within the tumor does not imply a different outcome after surgical resection. In contrast, the presence of these receptors in the surrounding non-tumoral liver may be considered a risk factor for a higher incidence of disease recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boix
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castells
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruix
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solé
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brú
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuster
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodés
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000032:analysis*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen