Malnutrition, injury, and the host immune response: nutrient substitution.
Improvements in surgical management and intensive care therapy have enabled many patients to initially survive severe life-threatening trauma or major surgical procedures only to die after delayed bouts of sepsis. This paper reviews literature published within the past year on the effects of nutrient substitution on malnutrition, injury, and the host immune response. Topics discussed include immunodeficiencies in trauma and malnutrition, immunomodulation by nutrition, and parenteral versus enteral nutrition. We also discuss the roles of arginine, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids, and dietary nucleotides in the host immune response.
Gallagher
H J
HJ
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Daly
J M
JM
D001120:Arginine / Q000502:physiology; D003422:Critical Care; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000502:physiology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000502:physiology; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy
D016207:Cytokines; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009711:Nucleotides; D005973:Glutamine; D001120:Arginine