title: Inhibition of adipogenesis by the stress-induced protein CHOP (Gadd153).
abstract: Adipocytic conversion of 3T3-L1 cells is dependent on induction of transcription factors from the C/EBP family that activate promoters of adipogenic genes. We find that expression of CHOP, a nuclear protein that dimerizes avidly with C/EBP isoforms alpha and beta and directs the resulting heterodimer away from classic C/EBP-binding sites, markedly inhibits this differentiation process. Surprisingly, the presence of CHOP early in the differentiation process inhibits C/EBP alpha and beta gene expression. Ectopic expression of C/EBP alpha bypasses the inhibitory effect of CHOP on differentiation, providing further evidence that CHOP action is mediated by inhibition of C/EBP alpha gene expression rather than merely inhibiting the encoded protein's DNA-binding activity. A similar pattern of attenuated expression of C/EBP alpha and beta is also observed in cells induced to differentiate in media with low glucose concentration. This stressed culture condition is associated with induction of endogenous CHOP and marked attenuation of the differentiation process. Our data suggest that CHOP functions as an inducible inhibitor of adipocytic differentiation in response to metabolic stress. It does so by interfering with the accumulation of adipogenic C/EBP isoforms.
authors.affiliation: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Batchvarova
authors.forename: X Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ron
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C497249:DDIT3 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497250:Ddit3 protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D005947:Glucose; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine