title: Interleukin 1 induces prostacyclin-dependent increases in cyclic AMP production and does not affect cyclic GMP production in human vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which has direct vasorelaxant effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In the present study, IL-1 markedly increased intracellular levels of the vasodilatory mediator, cAMP, in human saphenous and human aortic VSMC. IL-1-induced cAMP was associated with a marked increase in prostacyclin (PGI2) production, and was reversed by indomethacin and tranylcypromine, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and PGI2 synthetase respectively. Furthermore, PGI2, but not PGE2, was a potent inducer of cAMP production in HSVSMC, implicating a role for PGI2 in mediating IL-1-induced cAMP production. In previous studies, IL-1 increased immunoreactive cGMP production in human saphenous VSMC through a pathway inhibitable by soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitors, methylene blue and LY83583, but not by nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, suggesting a role of NO-independent activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. However, in the present study, it was found that cAMP cross-reacted significantly in cGMP radioimmunoassays employing three out of four commercial antisera, that IL-1 did not affect cGMP production in human saphenous or human aortic VSMC as determined by an RIA having low cAMP cross-reactivity, and that both LY83583 and methylene blue inhibited IL-1-induced increases in cAMP. The results implicate prostacyclin-dependent cAMP production as a mediator of the vasodilatory effects of IL-1 in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beasley
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McGuiggin
mesh_terms: D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C041715:6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione; D011464:Epoprostenol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D008751:Methylene Blue