title: Clinical aspects of preconditioning and implications for the cardiac surgeon.
abstract: Ischemic preconditioning is one of the most powerful means to reduce myocardial ischemic cell death in the experimental laboratory. Data are now emerging suggesting that ischemic preconditioning also can occur in the human heart. Studies performed on human myocardial biopsies, angioplasty studies, clinical studies assessing acute tolerance to angina, and some studies evaluating the effect of angina prior to myocardial infarction, lend support to the concept that the human heart can be preconditioned. The ultimate objective is to develop preconditioning-mimetic agents that can be administered prophylactically prior to the time of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery or administered to hearts that have been harvested for transplant in order to better preserve the ischemically jeopardized myocyte.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90017, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kloner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Przyklenk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shook
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burstein
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Cannom
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isber
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kay
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000818:Animals; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D017682:Myocardial Stunning; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology