title: The post-operative analgesic action of midazolam following epidural administration.
abstract: To study post-operative analgesia with epidural midazolam, 30 patients who had undergone upper abdominal surgery were divided into two equal groups. When patients complained of pain, they were given either 6 microliters 0.25% bupivacaine (control group) or 6 microliters 0.25% bupivacaine + 0.05 mg kg-1 midazolam (midazolam group) epidurally at a single level between T7 and T12. Blood pressure and heart rate were similar in the two groups. Sedation was significantly greater in the midazolam group 10 min after administration. The area of analgesia was significantly larger in the midazolam group 10 and 30 min after administration and involved the entire spinal area and the head and face 10 min after administration in six patients. Amnesia was observed in 14 patients in the midazolam group but in only one in the control group. Epidural midazolam together with bupivacaine adds central analgesic, sedative, and amnesic effects to spinal analgesia and is useful for managing post-operative pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, JR Tokyo General Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D002045:Bupivacaine