title: Couple communication, sexual coercion and HIV risk reduction in Kigali, Rwanda.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe sexual interaction and HIV-related communication in Rwandan couples and to examine their relationship to HIV testing and condom use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of a longitudinal cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1988, women recruited for an epidemiological study of HIV, and interested male partners, received confidential HIV testing and counseling. Two years after enrollment, 876 women reporting one steady partner in the past year completed a questionnaire addressing sexual and HIV-related communication, sexual motivation and violence in the partnership.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men control sexual decision making, and coercive sex and violence between partners is not uncommon. HIV-positive women were more likely to report coercive sex and less likely to have discussed their test results with their partner. Women with HIV-positive partners were more likely to report being physically abused. Condom use was more common if the man had been previously tested, and if women reported discussing or negotiating condom use. HIV-negative women with untested or seronegative partners were the least likely to use condoms or to discuss or attempt to negotiate condom use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participation of the male partner is crucial for successful HIV risk reduction in couples. HIV testing and counseling of couples has beneficial long term effects on condom use and HIV-related communication. Couple communication is associated with condom use, but only when the discussion is specific (sexually transmitted disease risks and using condoms). Seronegative women with untested partners are at increased risk for HIV as they are the least likely to discuss or attempt to negotiate condom use.
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Straten
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Grinstead
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serufilira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D003068:Coercion; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003142:Communication; D017280:Condoms; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017579:Domestic Violence; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012432:Rwanda / Q000453:epidemiology; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners