title: National infrastructures for delivery of hepatitis B vaccination to different age groups.
abstract: If hepatitis B vaccination is to be introduced into a universal vaccination programme, it must be given before young people become sexually active. Two age groups are of main interest: infants and early adolescents. In Australia, North America and Europe, vaccination programmes for infants are well established but not yet for adolescents. From a developmental point of view, targeting adolescents seems to be a demanding task. Nevertheless, there are examples of successful approaches: e.g. rubella vaccination in the UK, where since its introduction in 1976 the immunization coverage among 14-year-olds has remained high at 80-85%, or the more recent hepatitis B strategies in Italy and Spain, where young adolescents are included with high success rates. In summary, whereas the inclusion of HBV vaccine in the infant immunization programme is not a problem in most counties, the approach to adolescents needs more thought.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bühlmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines