title: Early signalling events implicated in leukotriene B4-induced activation of the NADPH oxidase in eosinophils: role of Ca2+, protein kinase C and phospholipases C and D.
abstract: The early signalling events that may ultimately contribute to the assembly and subsequent activation of the NADPH oxidase in guinea-pig peritoneal eosinophils were investigated in response to leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 promoted a rapid, transient and receptor-mediated increase in the rate of H2O2 generation that was potentiated by R 59 022, a diradylglycerol (DRG) kinase inhibitor, implicating protein kinase C (PKC) in the genesis of this response. This conclusion was supported by the finding that the PKC inhibitor, Ro 31-8220, attenuated (by about 30%) the peak rate of LTB4-induced H2O2 generation under conditions where the same response evoked by 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) was inhibited by more than 90%. Paradoxically, Ro 31-8220 doubled the amount of H2O2 produced by LTB4 which may relate to the ability of PKC to inhibit cell signalling through phospholipase C (PLC). Indeed, Ro 31-8220 significantly enhanced LTB4-induced Ins(1,4,5)P3 accumulation and the duration of the Ca2+ transient in eosinophils. Experiments designed to assess the relative importance of DRG-mobilizing phospholipases in LTB4-induced oxidase activation indicated that phospholipase D (PLD) did not play a major role. Thus, although H2O2 generation was abolished by butan-1-ol, this was apparently unrelated to the inhibition of PLD, as LTB4 failed to stimulate the formation of Ptd[3H]BuOH in [3H]butan-1-ol-treated eosinophils. Rather, the inhibition was probably due to the ability of butan-1-ol to increase the eosinophil cyclic AMP content. In contrast, Ca(2+)- and PLC-driven mechanisms were implicated in H2O2 generation, as LTB4 elevated the Ins(1,4,5)P3 content and intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in intact cells, and cochelation of extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ significantly attenuated LTB4-induced H2O2 generation. Pretreatment of eosinophils with wortmannin did not affect LTB4-induced H2O2 production at concentrations at which it abolished the respiratory burst evoked by formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine in human neutrophils. Collectively, these data suggest that LTB4 activates the NADPH oxidase in eosinophils by PLD- and PtdIns 3-kinase-independent mechanisms that involve Ca2+, PLC and PKC. Furthermore, the activation of additional pathways that do not require Ca2+ is also suggested by the finding that LTB4 evoked a significant respiratory burst in Ca(2+)-depleted cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brompton National Heart and Lung Institute, London, U.K.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Giembycz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012709:Serum Albumin; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013844:Thiazoles; C070379:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D004533:Egtazic Acid; C047505:R 59022; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D010739:Phospholipase D; D002118:Calcium; C064758:Ro 31-8220