title: Effect of location and orientation uncertainty on r.m.s. contrast sensitivity with and without spatial noise in peripheral and foveal vision.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the effect of spatial location and orientation uncertainty on r.m.s. contrast sensitivity with and without external spatial noise in peripheral and foveal vision.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first experiment we used a small circular cosine grating with randomized location embedded in spatial noise and exposed for 33 to 533 ms in peripheral vision. In the second experiment, performed with and without noise, we varied the randomization range of stimulus location in a foveal search task with free eye movements and an unlimited exposure time. In the third experiment we used a vertical cosine grating exposed for 500 ms and varied the randomization range of aperture orientation in the fovea with and without noise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uncertainty of spatial location had no effect on r.m.s. contrast sensitivity in the periphery or fovea. However, sensitivity decreased with increasing randomization range of aperture orientation in the fovea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uncertainty of spatial location had no effect because the accuracy of positional information is inherently poor in peripheral vision, whereas in the fovea the effect of location uncertainty was compensated for by searching eye movements. Randomization of aperture orientation reduced contrast sensitivity in the fovea because in this case the effect of randomization could not be compensated for.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision Sciences, University of Aston, Birmingham, U.K.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukkonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rovamo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Näsänen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009949:Orientation; D013028:Space Perception; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*