title: Blood transfusion as a risk factor for death in stage III and IV operative laryngeal cancer. The Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of a blood transfusion in a patient population with head and neck cancer that was treated with combined therapy (surgery and radiation).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, nonrandomized end point study. Univariate and multivariate analysis of 24 variables, including transfusion status.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study (Cooperative Studies Program 268).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in the surgical arm of the study (166 patients) underwent surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for advanced (stage III and IV) laryngeal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Identification of variables related to patient time to death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The univariate analysis identified age, clinical N (lymph node) class, primary tumor site, number of pathologically positive lymph nodes, extracapsular spread, pretreatment screening hematocrit, hematocrit and albumin level at 1 month after treatment, intraoperative fluids and units of blood, and total units of blood as significant (P < .05). The stepwise multivariate models identified independent significance in clinical and pathologic node status, hematocrits at both screening and 1 month, extracapsular spread, albumin level at 1 month, age, and primary site. The position of each variable within the individual regression models varied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical N class or pathologic node status occupied the first position of predictive significance in all models. Blood transfusion status never retained independent significance in any multivariate assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: VanDaele
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hillel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis