title: Selective uptake of radiolabeled annexin V on acute porcine left atrial thrombi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Annexin V is a human phospholipid binding protein that binds to activated platelets in vitro. We sought to determine the potential of this agent for imaging intracardiac thrombi in swine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left atrial thrombi were formed by crush injury. In initial nonimaging experiments using intravenous 125I-labeled human annexin V, the mean thrombus/whole blood ratio was 13.4 +/- 4.8 for the entire thrombus using well counting of resected specimens (n = 8). Using intravenously injected 99mTc-labeled human annexin V, the left atrial thrombus/blood ratio by well counting was similar (14.2 +/- 10.6 for the entire thrombus and 26.2 +/- 14.9 for the peak section) (n = 12). The ratio for a control protein, 125I-ovalbumin, was only 1.0 +/- 0.2. 99mTc tomographic imaging was positive (n = 10) or equivocal (n = 2) in all experiments with but negative in 10 controls without left atrial thrombi. By region-of-interest analysis of the tomographic images, the mean left atrial appendage/blood ratio at 2 hours in animals with a thrombus was 3.90 +/- 1.12 compared with 0.84 +/- 0.10 in closed chest controls and 1.01 +/- 0.23 in open chest controls (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that 99mTc-labeled human annexin V detects acute left atrial thrombi in vivo in swine. The combination of a new thrombus detection agent, annexin V, with a 99mTc label may allow in vivo imaging of thrombi in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Seattle VA Medical Center, WA 98108, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Dewhurst
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasina
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reno
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cerqueira
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tait
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006325:Heart Atria; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008297:Male; D010047:Ovalbumin; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013552:Swine; D013667:Technetium; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D013667:Technetium; D010047:Ovalbumin