title: Nausea and vomiting in fractionated radiotherapy: a prospective on-demand trial of tropisetron rescue for non-responders to metoclopramide.
abstract: A prospective trial was performed to better assess the risk of nausea and vomiting and the rescue value of tropisetron (TRO), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, in 88 patients undergoing fractionated radiotherapy to the abdomen or to large supradiaphragmatic fields and failing a first anti-emetic trial with metoclopramide (MET). Nausea was graded 0 (absent), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate) and 3 (severe). Nausea requiring anti-emetics (> or = grade 2) was present in 64% of the patients. MET was able to control nausea (< or = grade 1) in 26 of 58 patients (45%) who developed > or = grade 2 nausea during radiation treatment (2 patients vomiting without nausea included). 34 patients required TRO, and 31 experienced immediate relief. However, nausea (> or = grade 2) recurred in 7 patients from 1 to 3 weeks after starting TRO. Sex, age, field type and field size (cm2) did not influence the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting. Only 24/88 patients vomited after starting radiotherapy. MET helped to eliminate emesis in one third of these patients. TRO helped to control vomiting in 73% of the salvaged patients. Constipation was observed in 8 patients on TRO and was a reason to stop the medication in 4 cases.
authors.affiliation: Division de Radio Oncologie, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, Genve, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miralbell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coucke
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Behrouz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blazek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melliger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wickenhauser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwabb
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosset
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077526:Tropisetron; D014839:Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D007211:Indoles; D000077526:Tropisetron; D008787:Metoclopramide