title: Structural integrity of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes, p15, p16 and p18 in myeloid leukaemias.
abstract: The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors known as p15, p16 and p18 have been suggested as candidates for tumour suppressor genes. We examined these genes for their alterations in 46 myeloid leukaemias and 15 myeloid leukaemia cell lines. p16 mRNA expression was studied in 41 myeloid leukaemias. The p15 and p16 genes were either deleted or mutated in myeloid leukaemia lines at a high frequency [6/15 (40%) for p15; 8/15 (53%) for p16] but alterations in primary myeloid leukaemias are much less frequent [2/46 (4%) for p15; 3/46 (6%) for p16]. Alterations of p18 were not found in any of the samples. 13 primary myeloid leukaemia samples had negligible levels of p16 mRNA. In summary, the deletions of p15 and p16 genes identified in the myeloid leukaemia cell lines probably occurred during their in vitro immortalization. Alterations of the p16 or p15 gene only occurred in primary acute myeloid leukaemia samples that were of mixed myeloid/lymphoid lineage (CD19/CD20-positive acute myeloid leukaemia [AML], CD2/CD19-positive AML, and lymphoid blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia). Further studies are required to determine if the absence of mRNA expression results from inactivation of the p16 gene.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine 90048, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamaki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwaller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tobler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pakkala
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuruoka
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015870:Gene Expression; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: C493966:CDKN2B protein, human; C493971:CDKN2C protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases