title: Features of oral immunization.
abstract: In this review, we focus on some key areas concerning the unique properties of the mucosal immune system. They are: (1) the fact that the common mucosal immune system consists of different compartments; (2) the advantages of oral vaccination, which can be exploited to antigen-specific sIgA-mediated local immune responses as well as systemic immunity; (3) efficacious oral immunization against respiratory infections; (4) oral tolerance with respect to activation of T cells which, after declining, can be repeatedly reinduced without changes in profile or magnitude, and (5) the use of transgenic plants as a new vaccine source for a new vaccination strategy, i.e. employing edible dietary vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Institute for General and Experimental Pathology, Medical School, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruedl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000276:immunology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory