title: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer in U.S. men, and advanced, hormone-refractory disease is characterized by painful osteoblastic bone metastases. Endothelin-1, more commonly known as a potent vasoconstrictor, is a normal ejaculate protein that also stimulates osteoblasts. We show here that plasma immunoreactive endothelin concentrations are significantly elevated in men with metastatic prostate cancer and that every human prostate cancer cell line tested produces endothelin-1 messenger RNA and secretes immunoreactive endothelin. Exogenous endothelin-1 is a prostate cancer mitogen in vitro and increases alkaline phosphatase activity in new bone formation, indicating that ectopic endothelin-1 may be a mediator of the osteoblastic response of bone to metastatic prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2411, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hedican
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Reddi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piantadosi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Eisenberger
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Simons
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000556:secondary*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001483:Base Sequence; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000556:secondary*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014661:Vasoconstriction
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase