Immunosuppression by a noncytolytic virus via T cell mediated immunopathology. Implication for AIDS.
HIV is basically a non- or poorly cytocidal virus. Therefore, HIV infections in humans represent an apparent perversity in the balance between the host immune system and infectious agent: This noncytopathic virus infects macrophages, antigen presenting cells, helper T cells and other host cells which are then destroyed by the CD8+ T cell immune response. Thus, HIV infects some of the key cells involved in immune reactions and therefore induces the immune system to destroy itself and thereby enables the virus to persist. Accordingly, immunosuppression is not a cause of HIV cytopathogenicity but a consequence of conventional T cell mediated immunopathology that destroys macrophages antigen presenting cells, T helper cells and facilitates infection by trivial intracellular parasites which eventually cause fatal disease. This immunopathological view of AIDS is testable and, if correct, impinges on rationales for AIDS prevention and treatment.
Zinkernagel
R M
RM
University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Switzerland.
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D017186:Titrimetry