title: Gonadal hormones and aggression-maintaining effect of alcohol in male transgenic transforming growth factor-alpha mice.
abstract: We have characterized a new transgenic mouse model that offers the unique opportunity to study the biological mechanisms linking aggression to alcohol. In contrast to all other aggressive animal models, the male transgenic mice that overexpress transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) maintain their highly elevated aggressive behavior following an alcohol administration. The transgenic mice also exhibit elevated plasma levels of 17 beta-estradiol (E2). Animal data support the role of E2 in aggression and alcohol intake in males. Further, type 2 alcoholism is male-limited, suggesting that gonadal hormones are important. We examined whether gonadal hormones play a role in the resistance to respond to alcohol in the resident-intruder test of aggression among the male transgenic TGF-alpha mice. As previously reported, alcohol had a biphasic effect on sham-operated, nontransgenic controls: 0.6 g/kg increased and 2.0 g/kg inhibited their aggressiveness. Alcohol did not significantly reduce the high levels of aggression in the sham-operated TGF-alpha mice. Castration abolished the difference in aggressive behavior between the transgenic and nontransgenic male mice by reducing aggression. Alcohol did not increase aggressive behavior in these mice. Treatment with pellets releasing 0.25 mg E2 over a 60-day period increased aggression in the castrated male TGF-alpha mice and nontransgenic controls to the levels seen in intact male transgenic mice. Alcohol did not significantly alter aggressive behavior in the E2-treated castrated mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hilakivi-Clarke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology*; D000378:Agonistic Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D012307:Risk Factors; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D004958:Estradiol