title: Smokeless tobacco use: how it affects the performance of major league baseball players.
abstract: The authors examined the effect of smokeless tobacco use on the athletic performance of major league baseball players during the 1988 season. They evaluated performance records of 158 players on seven major league teams who played or pitched at least 10 games or innings during the 1988 season. ST use, they concluded, is not related to player performance in major league baseball but does place players at significantly increased risk for mucosal lesions and other oral pathology.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Washington Health Sciences Center, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: DeRouen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ernster
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mancl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001484:Baseball / Q000523:psychology*; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012307:Risk Factors; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000473:pathology