title: Schistosomiasis in the Republic of São Tomé and Principe: characterization of Schistosoma intercalatum.
abstract: This paper reports the morphological and biochemical characterization of the species of Schistosoma infecting humans in the Republic of São Tomé and Principe. The eggs are typical in shape and size of S. intercalatum, measuring on average between 174.5 microns and 189.1 microns. The eggs are voided in the faeces and not the urine of infected people. The parasite experimentally develops in several different species of Bulinus belonging to the B. forskalii group, including B. forskalii, with a minimum prepatent period of 25 d, and also in snails of the B. reticulatus group (B. wrighti); it is incompatible with snails of the B. africanus and B. truncatus/B. tropicus complex. A survey of 5 different habitats at intervals of 2 weeks over a period of one year showed that populations of B. forskalii increased during the dry period of June, July and August in 1988, and in 3 of the habitats snails were present throughout the year. Hence transmission may take place in these habitats throughout the year. Preliminary evidence suggests that water velocity is a limiting factor confining Bulinus to the north-east of the island where the terrain is less mountainous. Development of schistosomes from São Tomé was followed in experimentally infected hamsters. The cross-over point (the point at which the paired male and female worms are of the same average length) occurred at about 49 d after infection: eggs were first seen in the uteri of the female worms 48 d after infection. The parasite from São Tomé developed in sheep and produced viable eggs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Natural History Museum, London, UK.
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Southgate
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rollinson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaukas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almeda
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corachan
mesh_terms: D000354:Africa, Western; D000818:Animals; D001266:Atlantic Islands; D002033:Bulinus / Q000469:parasitology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000469:parasitology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010063:Ovum / Q000166:cytology; D012547:Schistosoma / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000469:parasitology*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes