title: Anesthetic techniques for pediatric thoracoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since 1981, we have performed 68 thoracoscopic procedures in 62 patients aged 7 months to 21 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the anesthetic and ventilation strategy used for each procedure to determine which anesthetic strategies are safe and effective for particular children and conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regional anesthesia with sedation was used for six procedures in 5 patients with a mean age of 16 years (range, 9 to 21 years). One patient required conversion to general anesthesia. General anesthesia with one-lung ventilation was attempted for 18 procedures in 17 patients with a mean age of 12 years (range, 7 months to 18 years). Two patients required conversion to two-lung anesthesia secondary to pulmonary intolerance. One of these patients and 2 others required thoracotomy. General anesthesia with two-lung ventilation was used for 44 procedures in 41 patients with a mean age of 9 years (range, 1 to 17 years). There were no anesthesia-related difficulties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regional anesthesia should be limited to the older, more cooperative patient. General anesthesia with one-lung ventilation is useful in adolescents, as they tolerate collapse of one lung well, and it is particularly desirable for procedures requiring exposure of the mediastinum and for talc pleurodesis. General anesthesia with two-lung ventilation can be used in any age group but is generally necessary for infants and small children, as they often will not tolerate the collapse of one lung, and in the larger child or adolescent with severe pulmonary compromise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: McGahren
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*