title: The first report of a patient with interrupted inferior vena cava, multiple post-renal veins and azygos-hemiazygos continuation.
abstract: The first case of a patient with interrupted inferior vena cava, four post-renal veins and an azygoshemiazygos continuation is presented. The complicated anomalies were omphalocele and atrial septal defect. Cine-magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac catheterization showed an anomalous retroaortic left innominate vein, azygos-hemiazygos continuation in the prerenal portion, arch formed renal vein in the renal portion and four embryonic vessels in the post-renal portion. Combination of these anomalies in the major venous system suggested that the inferior vena cava had failed to form and that the bilateral embryonic venous system, postcardinal and supracardinal veins, persisted to be the systemic venous channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayabuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000002:abnormalities*