Immunobiology of cellular transplantation.
The goal of cellular transplantation is to allow long-term function of the grafted cells using minimal host immunosuppression. To this end, the major strategies to implant cells and tissues are through: (i) the pretreatment of the graft to reduce tissue immunogenicity; (ii) the application of immunoisolation technologies to prevent host sensitization to implanted cells; and (iii) the induction of immunological tolerance to the donor tissues. Further, a major dilemma facing clinical tissue grafting is the shortage of donor tissue for transplantation. This problem requires the consideration of tissues from other species (xenografts) as a potential source of donor material. In light of these issues, the focus of this discussion is on the T cell-dependent response to allogeneic and xenogeneic transplants and the implications of this reactivity on the field of cellular replacement therapy.
Gill
R G
RG
Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
Wolf
L
L
D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D001187:Artificial Organs; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D006082:Graft Enhancement, Immunologic; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000276:immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology