title: Thoracoscopic staging of esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: Thoracoscopy is an excellent complement to mediastinoscopy in staging thoracic malignancies. The author describes the technique of thoracoscopic and laparoscopic lymph node staging for patients with esophageal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Section of General Thoracic Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Krasna
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011187:Posture; D013906:Thoracoscopy