title: Effect of nitroblue tetrazolium on NO synthase and motor function of opossum esophagus.
abstract: Nitric oxide mediates neuromuscular events in the opossum esophagus. The NADPH diaphorase stain is used to localize nitric oxide synthase-containing enteric neurons. Cells stain by the NADPH diaphorase technique because they reduce nitroblue tetrazolium to the visible formazan. The effects of nitroblue tetrazolium on neuromuscular function and nitric oxide synthase of esophageal muscle were studied. The NADPH diaphorase stain was performed. Nitroblue tetrazolium inhibited lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, abolished the latency gradient of the off response, and inhibited nitric oxide synthase. The NADPH diaphorase technique stained myenteric plexus nerve cell bodies and nerve processes. Nitroblue tetrazolium is not a nonspecific muscle or nerve toxin, as nerve-mediated cholinergic responses, responses to exogenous nitric oxide, and responses to myogenic stimulation were maintained after nitroblue tetrazolium abolished the off response and lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Nitroblue tetrazolium inhibits nitric oxide-mediated events and nitric oxide synthase. It stains neurons in the esophageal myenteric plexus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Conklin
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: O'Meara
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009893:Opossums; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase