title: Changing trends in the management of iatrogenic ureteral injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated changing trends in the management of late diagnosed iatrogenic ureteral injuries before and after the introduction of percutaneous nephrostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 44 patients of whom 24 were treated primarily by immediate reconstructive surgery from 1979 to 1984 and 20 were treated primarily by percutaneous nephrostomy tube insertion beginning in 1985.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of the 24 patients underwent ureteroneocystostomy and 18 underwent end-to-end uretero-ureteral anastomosis to repair the injury. Postoperatively 18 patients had a urinary tract infection. Hospital stay after reconstructive surgery ranged from 14 to 35 days (average 18). Long-term followup showed a normal upper urinary tract in 22 patients and mild to moderate hydroureteronephrosis in 2. Of the 20 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy 16 (80%) had complete spontaneous recovery of the injured ureter after 14 to 66 days (average 32). Hospital stay after the insertion of the percutaneous nephrostomy tube ranged from 3 to 5 days. Urinary tract infection developed in 4 patients and mild hydronephrosis was noted in 1 on long-term followup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary management of ureteral injury by percutaneous nephrostomy resulted in significantly decreased reoperation and morbidity rates, and enabled spontaneous recovery of the injured ureter in the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Golda Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lask
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abarbanel
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luttwak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mukamel
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries*