title: Survey of lead, cadmium, fluoride, nickel, and cobalt in food composites and estimation of dietary intakes of these elements by Canadians in 1986-1988.
abstract: During the period 1986-1988, foods were purchased at the retail level in 5 Canadian cities and, for each city, prepared for consumption and combined into 113 composites and 39 composite subsets. Lead and cadmium were determined in all the samples; fluoride, in samples from Winnipeg; and cobalt and nickel, in samples from Montreal. Means and ranges of concentrations (ng/g) found in individual samples were lead, 23.2 (< 0.4-523); cadmium, 9.96 (< 0.02-167); fluoride, 325 (11-4970); nickel, 196 (< 0.6-2521); and cobalt, 9.4 (< 0.3-75.7). Estimated dietary intakes (microgram/day) of the elements over all ages and sexes were lead, 24; cadmium, 13; fluoride, 1763; nickel, 286; and cobalt, 11. During the period 1985-1988, the average level of lead in canned foods decreased from 73.6 to 46 ng/g.
authors.affiliation: Health and Welfare Canada, Health Protection Branch, Ottawa, ON.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Dabeka
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: McKenzie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003035:Cobalt / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003035:Cobalt; D009532:Nickel; D005459:Fluorides