title: Genetic detoxification of bacterial toxins: a new approach to vaccine development.
abstract: Chemically detoxified bacterial toxins (toxoids) have been successfully used as vaccines for the prevention of many bacterial infectious diseases. Today, nontoxic derivatives of bacterial toxins can be obtained by mutagenesis of the toxin genes. These genetically inactivated toxins are superior to the classical toxoids both in safety and in immunogenicity and therefore they should replace the old toxoids in the existing vaccines. In addition, they represent a novel class of immunogens with unique properties, some of which may be used for innovative approaches to vaccination.
authors.affiliation: IRIS, Chiron-Biocine Immunobiological Research Institute Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rappuoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Douce
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dougan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pizza
mesh_terms: D017951:Antigen Presentation; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000517:prevention & control; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006801:Humans; D014121:Toxoids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D014121:Toxoids; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; C034151:heat stable toxin (E coli); D002772:Cholera Toxin