title: The incidence of complications after caesarean section in 156 HIV-positive women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risks of post-operative complications in HIV-positive mothers who undergo a caesarean section (CS) because the delivery cannot be safely accomplished by the vaginal route or to protect the infant from viral infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicentre study, we reviewed the incidence and type of post-operative complications in 156 HIV-positive women who underwent a CS. These results were compared with those observed in an equal number of HIV-uninfected women who matched for the indication requiring a caesarean delivery, the stage of labour, the integrity or rupture of membranes, and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven teaching hospitals providing obstetrical care for mothers infected with HIV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that six HIV-infected mothers suffered a major complication (two cases of pneumonia, one pleural effusion, two severe anaemia and one sepsis) compared with only one HIV-negative woman who required blood transfusion after surgery. Minor complications like post-operative fever, endometritis, wound and urinary tract infections were significantly more frequent in HIV-positive women than controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that in HIV-infected women the only factor associated with a significant increase in the rate of complications was a CD4 lymphocyte count < 200 x 10(6)/l.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study indicate that HIV-positive mothers are at an increased risk of post-operative complications when delivered by CS. The risk of post-operative complications is higher in HIV-infected women who are severely immunodepressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, San Paolo Biomedical Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Semprini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravizza
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savasi
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Muggiasca
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tibaldi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scaravelli
mesh_terms: D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors