title: Echotexture of peripheral nerves: correlation between US and histologic findings and criteria to differentiate tendons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate the histologic structure and echotexture of peripheral nerves and verify if ultrasound (US) findings can be used to differentiate nerve from tendon.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an in vitro study, the echotexture of normal peripheral nerves was correlated with the histologic findings. In an in vivo study, US was used to differentiate median nerve from flexor pollicis longus tendon in healthy volunteers (12 male and eight female subjects 7-68 years of age; mean age, 35 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  US examination of the peripheral nerve specimens showed hypoechoic areas separated by hyperechoic bands. The hypoechoic areas corresponded to neuronal fascicles at histologic examination. This fascicular pattern was clear in all median and ulnar nerves, 15 of 20 vagus nerves, and 19 of 20 sciatic nerves in the volunteers but not in recurrent laryngeal nerves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral nerves have a typical US pattern that correlates with histologic structure and facilitates differentiation between nerves and tendons.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radiology, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinoli
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Derchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertolotto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiaramondia
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography