title: Immunity to hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles in fully vaccinated aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the immunity to hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles in fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children in north Queensland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of immunity in a sample of children; 101 fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children, with a median age of 24.5 months, from 10 communities in North Queensland participated in this study. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of adequate antibody levels against hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 54% (95% CI 44-63%) of the children had adequate immunity (> or = 10 m iu/mL) to hepatitis B, and one child had been infected despite vaccination. Although all the children (95% CI 96-100%) had adequate immunity (i.e. neutralizing antibodies at a dilution of > or = 1:8) to poliovirus 2, only 93% (95% CI 86-96%) and 60% (95% CI 50-69%) had adequate immunity to polioviruses 1 and 3, respectively. Nearly all (96%; 95% CI 90-98%) of the children had adequate immunity (i.e. detectable IgG antibody) to measles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a relatively low proportion of the children had adequate antibody levels against hepatitis B the clinical significance of this observation is uncertain. Further studies are needed to determine whether fully vaccinated Torres Strait Island children have been adequately protected and whether they require a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine. A substantial proportion of fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children are inadequately protected against poliomyelitis, and therefore any such child with acute flaccid paralysis should be investigated fully for poliomyelitis. Vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children are well protected against measles, as are other Australian children.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disease Control, Tropical Public Health Unit, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Sexton
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Faoagali
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Buda
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kennett
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brussen
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology*; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral