title: A controlled comparison of self-rated sleep complaints in acute and chronic nightmare sufferers.
abstract: A cross-sectional study was performed to retrospectively assess self-rated sleep complaints in three groups of subjects: controls without nightmares (N = 77), acute nightmares sufferers (< 6 months duration, N = 36), and chronic nightmare sufferers (> 6 months duration, N = 128). Four specific complaints of sleep disturbance were categorically measured to ascertain the presence or absence of the symptom: fear of going to sleep; awakenings from sleep; difficulty returning to sleep; and fitful, restless sleep. Each of the four separate sleep complaints were significantly more common in the acute (p < .0001) and chronic (p < .0001) nightmare groups compared with controls. A summed aggregate score of the four sleep complaints was also higher in both the acute (p < .0001) and chronic groups (p < .0001) compared with controls. Ninety-one percent of all subjects with nightmares reported at least one sleep complaint. Between-group assessments, comparing acute and chronic nightmare sufferers for any of the four variables and the aggregate, demonstrated no statistically significant findings, although a few trends were noted. A dose-response relationship was not observed for nightmare frequency or chronicity for any of the four sleep variables or their aggregate. The relationship between nightmares and disturbed sleep is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131-5246, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krakow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tandberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scriggins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004325:Dreams / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires