title: Interactive MR-guided biopsy in an open-configuration MR imaging system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe new techniques for percutaneous biopsy with use of an open-configuration magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system with integrated frameless stereotaxic guidance tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 28 patients, biopsy was performed in which the image plane was interactively controlled by the position of a hand-held probe attached to the biopsy needle. An icon integrated into the image was used to guide needle advancement in three planes orthogonal to the needle. In vitro measurements of spatial accuracy were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnostic tissue was retrieved in 25 of 28 patients. The system was most accurate near the isocenter with a maximum measured error of 3.1 mm within a sphere of radius 2.5 cm about the isocenter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR-guided biopsy with a frameless stereotaxic technique is safe and accurate. Image feedback is near real time, and the procedure is interactive. These techniques may be used to perform MR-guided biopsies and to place probes for MR-guided therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Collick
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khorasani
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Topulos
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Jolesz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*