title: [Epidemic of tuberculosis in Meiji and Taisho eras in Japan and excess deaths from tuberculosis in females].
abstract: Acute increase in tuberculosis mortality between 1885 and 1910 could be explained by rapidly increased birth rate, consequently large expansion of noninfected population, and gradual increase in opportunity of contact with infectious patients by changing working environments and living conditions. Prevalence of tuberculosis patients was not so few in the beginning of Meiji era. Vicious spiral of increased young susceptibles, many infectious sources and increased opportunity of infection had been continued for long. Lower nutrition from infant to adult, hard work and poor living conditions had worsen prognosis of the patients. Nation-wide tuberculosis control campaign, mainly avoiding contact with patients and contaminated materials had started around 1910 and then issued Factory act which had been improved working conditions in the factories, although the speed was very slow. Tuberculosis mortality began to decrease in 1910s, but sharp temporary rise of tuberculosis mortality was marked in 1918-19 by epidemic of influenza, then the mortality had been declined again. Excess mortality by influenza caused temporary reduction of infectious sources, which had affected mortality rate of tuberculosis in the younger ages after 1920. Large raise-up of wages for factory workers around 1920 and increase trend in income for other workers by economic growth since 1900 had been improved not only working and living conditions, but also dietary life with increased higher intake of animal foods. Female excess deaths from tuberculosis comparing those of males had continued until 1930, then male mortality exceeded females. Mobilization of young women to spinning and textile industries in Meiji and Taisho eras forced to increase in tuberculosis mortality among them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Aichi Health Promotion Foundation, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000266:history / Q000401:mortality*