title: Myocardial toxicity of cyclosporin A: inhibition of calcium ATPase and nitric oxide synthase activities and attenuation by fructose-1,6-diphosphate in vitro.
abstract: Use of cyclosporin A (CsA) in transplantation medicine has been shown to cause a number of toxic cellular side effects, which has prompted a search for formulations that afford protection from these undesirable sequelae. Previously we demonstrated that fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) can reverse a variety of toxic cellular effects that arise upon use of various chemical agents. The present studies were undertaken to study the effects of CsA on rat myocardial Ca2+, calmodulin (Cam)-dependent enzymes such as Ca2+ ATPase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the role of FDP in attenuating these changes in vitro. Rat ventricular sarcoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase was studied by measuring the inorganic phosphorous liberated on ATP hydrolysis and rat heart 100,000 g fraction NOS activity by monitoring the formation of [3H]-citrulline in the presence of 10-1000 microM CsA and 1000 microM CsA + 1000 microns FDP in vitro. CsA in all concentrations significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited both Ca2+ ATPase and NOS activities of rat myocardium and FDP at 1000 microM concentration completely reversed the 1000 microM CsA-inhibited Ca2+ ATPase and cNOS activities of rat myocardium. These data indicate that CsA may inhibit Ca2+ ATPase and NOS activities in the rat myocardium through interference with its Ca2+/Cam-mediated events and thus may cause myocardial toxicity. FDP may reverse these changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hutcheson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Olinde
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Markov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000633:toxicity*; D005635:Fructosediphosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D005635:Fructosediphosphates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; C029063:fructose-1,6-diphosphate