title: Use of esophageal or precordial stethoscopes by anesthesia providers: are we listening to our patients?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain current anesthesia utilization of esophageal and precordial stethoscopes in U.S. anesthesia training programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, single-blind, incidence study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating rooms of three tertiary care hospitals with major academic anesthesiology departments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesia faculty [MD and certified registered nurse-anesthetist (CRNA) staff] and anesthesia trainees (anesthesiology residents and student nurse-anesthetists).
  
  
  METHODS
  observe and record the placement (stethoscope device appropriately positioned) and utilization (stethoscope in place and connected to the ear piece of the anesthesia provider) of the esophageal or precordial stethoscope during general, regional, and monitored anesthesia care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 520 anesthetics, an esophageal stethoscope was inserted in 68% of subjects, a precordial stethoscope was positioned in 16%, and an anesthetic stethoscope was absent in 16% of cases. Utilization (stethoscope connected to earpiece) ranged from a low of 11% of cases to a high of 45%, depending on the institution. Overall, providers were listening via an anesthetic stethoscope in only 28% of anesthetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest infrequent utilization of esophageal and precordial stethoscopes in anesthesia training institutions. Thus, current anesthesia training may be fostering an environment where providers overlook a valuable minimally invasive, and cost-effective continuous monitor of patients' dynamic vital organ function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Prielipp
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000761:Anesthesia Department, Hospital; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004947:Esophagus; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D006321:Heart; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007396:Internship and Residency; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009719:Nurse Anesthetists / Q000193:education; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010092:Oximetry; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D019023:Stethoscopes / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide