title: Levels of hepatocyte growth factor in maternal serum and amniotic fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to investigate hepatocyte growth factor levels in maternal serum and amniotic fluid during pregnancy. We also demonstrated production and secretion of hepatocyte growth factor by placenta and amnion at different stages of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatocyte growth factor levels in maternal serum (n = 219), cord blood (n = 20), and amniotic fluid samples (n = 90) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The secretion of hepatocyte growth factor by placenta and amnion was evaluated by measuring the amount released into the culture supernatant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most hepatocyte growth factor levels in maternal serum were below the detection limit before 10 weeks of pregnancy. Levels increased significantly thereafter and continued to increase until term. On the other hand, levels in amniotic fluid were significantly higher between 20 and 29 weeks of gestation than after 30 weeks. Hepatocyte growth factor secretion from the placental tissue per weight seemed unchanged throughout pregnancy. Its secretion from amnion was, however, approximately 300 to 400-fold higher in the second trimester compared with that at term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both placenta and amnion produce and secrete hepatocyte growth factor, suggesting its role in fetal growth and the growth and differentiation of placenta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horibe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kazeto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomoda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion / Q000378:metabolism; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor