title: Cardiovascular deconditioning occurs during a 7-day saturation dive at 31 ATA.
abstract: Cardiovascular deconditioning (CD) has been reported to occur within 24-48 h of exposure to 4, 11, or 31 ATA environment and following decompression to sea level pressure. The CD was indicated by orthostatic intolerance, exaggerated cardiovascular responses to a passive tilt, an elevated resting heart rate and a reduced stroke volume postdive. In this dive, one of the New Seatopia series, we used a non-syncope criterion, the cardiovascular index of deconditioning (CID; Bungo MW, Johnson PJ Jr. Aviat Space Environ Med 1983; 54:1001), to evaluate CD in 3 male subjects. The CID sums the changes in heart rate and blood pressure in response to orthostatic stress. An elevated CID indicates CD. We used a passive 70 degrees head up tilt as the orthostatic stress. The CID was measured before and after a bout of underwater exercise at predive, during the early, mid, and late exposure of the 7-d 31 ATA, and after the dive. The CID and circulatory responses to tilt were similar before and after the exercise. The CID increased (p < 0.05) from the predive value of 20 +/- 1.6 to 25 +/- 0.9 on the 2nd day, to 25 +/- 0.8 on the 4th day at 31 ATA, indicating the presence of CD at the early and mid periods of hyperbaric exposure. However, CID was indifferent (18 +/- 0.6) from the predive on the 7th day at 31 ATA. The increased CID corresponded to decreases in plasma volume during the early and mid periods of 31 ATA exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu 96822, USA.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D018493:Cardiovascular Deconditioning / Q000502:physiology*; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D018667:Tilt-Table Test; D013997:Time Factors