title: Radiotherapy alone compared with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to determine whether primary treatment with both radiotherapy and chemotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1980 to December 1988, 77 patients from two Veterans Affairs hospitals with clinically staged nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus received either radiotherapy alone (RT group) or concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy (RT + CT group) with curative intent. Each group originated at a different hospital, but all patients were irradiated in the same radiotherapy department. Chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Forty-two patients received RT alone, and 35 received RT + CT. Locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival rates were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival rates were significantly higher in the RT + CT group when compared to RT group, 26% vs 5%, 20%, vs 2%, and 29% vs 7%, respectively, at 2 years (P = .01, 0.02 and 0.02, respectively). The median survival was 14 months for the RT + CT group and 7.5 months for the RT group. There was no difference in the incidence of distant metastases except for bone metastases. No one in the RT + CT group developed bone metastases compared to nine patients in the RT group (P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective analysis shows improved locoregional control, disease-free survival, and survival when chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and 5-FU is given in addition to radiation for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Bony metastases were absent in those who received chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Loyola-Hines Department of Radiotherapy, Loyola University of Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mullane
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil