title: [Rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps brachialis: apropos of 43 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps is an uncommon occurrence. 43 cases were analyzed in a multicentric study in order to define etiological factors and treatment of this lesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  43 cases were reviewed from Fort de France, Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Suresnes. There were only male patients with an average age of 50 years. The mechanism of injury, the clinical and radiographic features, the anatomical findings and the results of surgical treatment were analyzed. 4 patients were treated conservatively and 39 surgically. In 28 cases, anatomical reattachment of the tendon was performed. In 11 cases the tendon was simply attached to the brachialis anterior muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mechanism of injury in all patients was passive extension against active flexion 17 patients had sustained injury while engaged in sports activities and 17 during domestic activities. Most of the patients were diagnosed clinically. Ultrasound and CT scan was useful in cases seen a long time after injury. In 34 cases avulsion of the bicipital tuberosity was found. Subjective results were good in 28 cases and poor in 5 cases. Objective testing was performed one year after injury using the criteria described by Baker: flexion and suppination force (maximum force) and endurance (ability to perform repeated contractions). Following attachment to the brachialis anterior, there was an average loss of 33 per cent of flexion strength and 52 per cent of supination strength. Following anatomical reattachment, the loss was 5 per cent for flexion and 15 per cent for supination. There were two cases of radial nerve palsies and 1 case of radio-ulnar synostosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attachment of the biceps brachialis tendon to the brachialis anterior muscle is unable to restore supination force. Complications only occur following anatomical reattachment. Radial nerve palsies can be avoided by using two separate incisions as described by Boyd.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical reinsertion onto the radial tuberosity restore more strength. Attachment to the brachialis muscle can be sued in cases seen a long time after injury.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fort de France, Martinique.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Catonné
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Delattre
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pascal-Mousselard
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: d'Istria
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Busson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rouvillain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012421:Rupture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
vernacular_title: Les ruptures de l'extrémité inférieure du biceps brachial. A propos de 43 cas.