title: The association between occupational factors and preterm birth: a United States nurses' study. Research Committee of the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to evaluate factors associated with preterm birth among a national sample of U.S. nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study of 210 nurses whose infants were delivered prematurely (< 37 weeks) (cases) and 1260 nurses whose infants were delivered at term (> or = 37 weeks) (controls). An occupational fatigue score was constructed from four sources and varied from 0 to 4. The relation between occupational activity (including hours working and fatigue score) and preterm birth was analyzed with the use of Pearson chi 2 tests, estimates of odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and multivariate logistic regression; we controlled for confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factors significantly associated with preterm birth included hours worked per week (p < 0.002), per shift (p < 0.001), and while standing (p < 0.001); noise (p = 0.005); physical exertion (p = 0.01); and occupational fatigue score (p < 0.002). The adjusted odds ratios were 1.6 (p = 0.006) for hours worked per week (< or = 36 vs > 36) and 1.4 (p = 0.02) for fatigue score < 3 vs > or = 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preterm birth among working women may be related to hours worked per day or week and to adverse working conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luke
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mamelle
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Minogue
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papiernik
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009729:Nursing; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature; D016272:Occupational Health; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014931:Women, Working