title: Superficial esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The detection of superficial esophageal carcinomas by surveillance endoscopy and the downstaging of advanced carcinomas to superficial carcinomas by induction therapy have increased the number of patients with these carcinomas undergoing resection. The natural history of these carcinomas is not well defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the results of surgical resection and identify predictors of improved survival, a retrospective review of (1) patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma at presentation (SECP) and (2) patients with advanced carcinomas that were downstaged to no residual carcinoma or superficial esophageal carcinoma after induction therapy (SECD) was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 54 patients with SECP (19 Tis and 35 T1). Survival was significantly better for patients with Tis carcinomas (85.3% at 5 years) and patients with intramucosal T1 carcinomas (79.4%) than for patients with submucosal T1 carcinomas (16.3%) (p = 0.007 and p = 0.045, respectively). Survival at 5 years for the 49 patients without regional lymph node metastases (N0) was 65.2%, whereas none of the 5 patients with regional lymph node metastases (N1) have survived more than 3 years (p = 0.054), and 3 died of recurrent disease. There were 21 patients with SECD (13 T0, 2 Tis, and 6 T1). Survival at 4 years was 58.2%. In this group, survival was not related to depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.76) or regional lymph node status (p = 0.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that (1) patients with Tis and intramucosal T1 SECP have a significantly better survival than those with submucosal T1 SECP, (2) patients with N0 SECP have a significantly better survival than those with N1 SECP, and (3) survival of patients with SECD is not related to depth of tumor invasion or regional lymph node status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sabik
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Goldblum
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koka
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Medendorp
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Adelstein
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate