title: The relationship between calcium, phosphorus, and sodium intake, race, and blood pressure in children with renal insufficiency: a report of the Growth Failure in Children with Renal Diseases (GFRD) Study.
abstract: Nutritional data compiled during the Growth Failure in Children with Renal Diseases Clinical Trial were analyzed to determine the relationship between the dietary intake of divalent minerals and sodium, nutritional status, and serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations and blood pressure in black versus white children. One hundred eighteen patients are included in this report; 25 were black (21%) and 93 were white (79%). Although more of the blacks were male, the age distribution, midarm circumference, midarm muscle circumference, blood pressure, and serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH concentrations were comparable in the two groups. Phosphorus intake was within the recommended daily allowance in both groups; in contrast, calcium intake was inadequate in all patients: 81% of the recommended daily allowance in whites, and 74% in blacks. Sixteen children were noted to be hypertensive during the observation period; six patients were receiving a variety of antihypertensive medications, including diuretics in two children. Linear regression analysis revealed that systolic and diastolic blood pressures were directly related to calcium and phosphorus intake in black patients. In white children, only dietary phosphorus intake and diastolic blood pressure were directly related. There was no relationship between sodium intake or GFR and blood pressure in the white or black children. PTH levels were directly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all children. The correlations between PTH and blood pressure were stronger in white versus black patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Schneider Children's Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11043, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trachtman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Baluarte
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Chinchilli
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Dresner
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Feld
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary