title: 1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol evaluates daily glycemic excursions in well-controlled NIDDM.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) as a possible marker for daily glycemic excursion, we measured plasma 1,5-AG, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, and daily excursion of glycemia, from which the M-value (after Schlichtkrull) was calculated as an index of daily glycemic excursion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 76 patients with well-controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) treated with diet therapy only (diet, n = 17), oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA, n = 28), conventional insulin therapy (CIT, n = 16), or multiple insulin injection therapy (MIT, n = 15).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HbA1c values were similar among all the groups (diet, 6.9 +/- 0.6; OHA, 7.2 +/- 0.5; CIT, 7.1 +/- 0.6; MIT, 7.2 +/- 0.5%). The MIT group showed a significantly higher 1,5-AG concentration (11.5 +/- 5.3 micrograms/ml), a significantly lower M-value (9.2 +/- 5.2), and little risk of hypoglycemia ( < 4 mmol/l) and hyperglycemia ( > 10 mmol/l) (1.3 +/- 1.1 times/24 h) compared with the CIT group (6.9 +/- 3.3 micrograms/ml, 15.7 +/- 8.9, 2.2 +/- 1.6 times/24 h, respectively). Insulin doses (22.4 +/- 4.5 vs. 22.0 +/- 8.9 U/day), FPG (6.6 +/- 2.2 vs. 7.4 +/- 2.4 mmol/l), and HbA1c concentrations were not significantly different between the CIT and MIT groups. M-values significantly correlated with 1,5-AG concentrations (r = 0.414, P < 0.05), but not with HbA1c concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that the plasma 1,5-AG concentration can be a useful index of the daily excursion of blood glucose, especially in patients with well-controlled NIDDM.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamada
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007536:Isomerism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C006584:1,5-anhydroglucitol