title: Characterization of sequences controlling the synthesis of alfalfa mosaic virus subgenomic RNA in vivo.
abstract: RNA 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus encodes the movement protein P3 and the viral coat protein (CP). CP is translated from a subgenomic (sg) messenger, RNA 4. To characterize the sg promoter that is responsible for RNA 4 synthesis in vivo, putative sg promoter sequences were inserted in a unique Xhol site located between the initiation codon of the P3 gene and a second in-frame ATG codon in an infectious cDNA clone of RNA 3. Mutants with an active sg promoter insert expressed an N-terminally truncated P3 protein and were able to accumulate in plants. In addition, sg promoter activity was analyzed in protoplasts. When the transcription start site is taken as +1, the sequence of nucleotides -26/+1 was found to have a basal level of sg promoter activity. This activity was increased to near maximum levels when the sg promoter sequence was extended to -136/+12. The upstream positive regulatory element was mapped to nucleotides -136/-94. Engineering of point mutations and small deletions in RNA 3 around the transcription start site for RNA 4 synthesis revealed elements important for sg promoter activity with similarity to sequences conserved in sg promoters of alpha-like viruses. Some of these elements appeared to be required in cis for RNA 3 accumulation. A deletion of the C-terminal three amino acids of the P3 protein rendered this protein nonfunctional in cell-to-cell movement.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: van der Vossen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Notenboom
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bol
mesh_terms: D017794:Alfalfa mosaic virus / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins; D017354:Point Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011523:Protoplasts; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins