title: Malnutrition in peritoneal dialysis patients: etiologic factors and treatment options.
abstract: It is clear that malnutrition is common in chronic dialysis patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Evidence is accumulating that several measures can be taken to improve the nutritional status of these patients. An early start of dialysis, an increase in dialysis dose, the use of biocompatible membranes or dialysis solutions, and intensive nutritional counseling should be applied when necessary. If these measures fail, additional interventions, such as parenteral or enteral nutritional supplements, rhGH, and rhIGF-1, alone or in combination, should be tried.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ikizler
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wingard
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hakim
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D018529:Nutritional Support; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014508:Urea; D013006:Growth Hormone