title: Ca(2+)-growth coupling in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in cultured rat cardiac cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There remain some controversies about the effect of angiotensin II on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cardiac myocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate different roles of intracellular Ca2+ in the responses to angiotensin II between cardiac myocytes and nonmyocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and nonmyocytes were prepared. [Ca2+]i was measured with indo-1. Cellular growth was assayed by [3H]thymidine uptake, RNA content, [3H]phenylalanine incorporation and protein content. Induction of immediate-early gene was examined by Northern blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In myocytes, angiotensin II decreased [Ca2+]i transients, induced c-fos mRNA, and accelerated hypertrophy. These effects were completely suppressed by AT1 receptor blockade or protein kinase C inhibition. After chelation of extracellular Ca2+, angiotensin II caused no change in [Ca2+]i or no induction of c-fos in myocytes. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also decreased [Ca2+]i transients, caused c-fos induction, and provoked hypertrophy in myocytes. In nonmyocytes, angiotensin II increased [Ca2+]i transiently, induced c-fos mRNA and hypertrophy. These effects of angiotensin II were not fully abolished by protein kinase C inhibition. Extracellular Ca2+ chelation did not completely inhibit the effects of angiotensin II on [Ca2+]i or c-fos induction in nonmyocytes. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate did not affect [Ca2+]i or cellular growth in nonmyocytes but did cause c-fos induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that angiotensin II induces cellular hypertrophy and immediate-early genes through the activation of protein kinase C in myocytes, although angiotensin II decreases [Ca2+]i transients via this signaling pathway. Induction by angiotensin II of hypertrophy and immediate-early genes in nonmyocytes may be in part mediated by a transient increase in [Ca2+]i which acts synergistically with protein kinase C activation.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinugawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kohmoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikenouchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Serizawa
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium