title: Altered striatal dopamine re-uptake site densities in habitually violent and non-violent alcoholics.
abstract: Animal studies suggest that development of substance dependence is associated with dopaminergic activity in striatum and the limbic system. Several genetic studies indicate that allele A1 is associated with both D2 receptor density and alcoholism, although these findings have remained controversial. We studied striatal dopamine (DA) re-uptake site densities in 48 subjects (19 healthy controls, 19 habitually impulsive violent alcoholics, and 10 non-violent alcoholics) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using iodine-123-labelled 2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta(4-iodophenyl)tropane, (beta-CIT) as a tracer. Blind quantitative analysis revealed that the striatal DA transporter density was markedly lower in non-violent alcoholics than in healthy controls (P < 0.001), while violent alcoholics had slightly higher DA transporter densities than controls (P < 0.10). The results indicate that both types of alcoholics have alterations in striatal dopaminergic system, though these occur in opposite directions.
authors.affiliation: University of Kuopio, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tiihonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuikka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hakola
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karhu
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Ryynänen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Föhr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000483:Alleles; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D003415:Crime; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014754:Violence
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C069723:2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane; D003042:Cocaine