title: Intravitreous and plasma concentrations of ganciclovir and foscarnet after intravenous therapy in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis.
abstract: This study evaluated intravitreous and plasma ganciclovir and foscarnet concentrations after intravenous administration in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and retinal detachment. Undiluted vitreous samples were prospectively obtained from 60 eyes (52 patients) at the time of pars plana vitrectomy. Thirty-three plasma samples (from 27 patients in the initial group of 52) were obtained simultaneously during surgery on 33 eyes. High-pressure liquid chromatography showed the mean vitreous ganciclovir concentrations in patients on induction and maintenance therapy were, respectively, 4.74 +/- 1.49 microM (n = 24) and 3.29 +/- 1.84 microM (n = 30; P = .005). Simultaneous plasma ganciclovir concentrations were less than the vitreous concentrations in 78% of the patients. The mean intravitreous foscarnet concentrations in patients receiving induction dosages were 189 +/- 177 microM (n = 5) versus 163 +/- 167 microM (n = 4; P > .20) for those receiving maintenance therapy. The foscarnet vitreous plasma concentration ratio averaged 1.43. Current drugs and doses for CMV retinitis result in borderline or progressively subtherapeutic concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego 92093, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Arevalo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Capparelli
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Quiceno
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gambertoglio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bergeron-Lynn
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D017245:Foscarnet / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017245:Foscarnet; D015774:Ganciclovir