title: Abnormally high neuronal density in the schizophrenic cortex. A morphometric analysis of prefrontal area 9 and occipital area 17.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the past two decades, gross morphologic changes have been uncovered in the schizophrenic brain, eg, increased ventricular width and decreased cortical volume; however, relatively little is known about the area-specific and laminar density of cells in the schizophrenic cortex, particularly in prefrontal areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A direct, three-dimensional counting method was used to determine cell density in 16 brains from patients with schizophrenia, 19 from normal subjects, six from patients with schizoaffective disorder, and nine from patients with advanced-stage Huntington's disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased neuronal density was found in prefrontal area 9 (17%) and occipital area 17 (10%) in the schizophrenic brains. In area 9, neuronal density was increased in layers III to VI; cell packing of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons was elevated. Cortical thickness in the schizophrenic brains was slightly but not significantly reduced in both areas, with a disproportionate reduction in layer V in area 9. In contrast, brains with Huntington's disease exhibited markedly higher glial density (50%) and drastically reduced cortical thickness (28%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormally high density in the cerebral cortices of schizophrenics suggests that neuronal atrophy is the anatomic substrate for deficient information processing in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Selemon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajkowska
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Goldman-Rakic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D002452:Cell Count; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005911:Gliosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology