title: Ureteroscopy in pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report our experience with ureteroscopy in pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1984 to 1994, 24 pregnant women with lasting symptoms of ureteral obstruction underwent diagnostic and therapeutic ureteroscopy. Most of the women were in the second or third trimester of gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A rigid ureteroscope was introduced easily to the upper third of the ureter or into the renal pelvis in all patients. Ureteral calculi were extracted in 13 cases. There were no serious complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteroscopy is a safe procedure that may be used to diagnose and extract obstructing ureteral calculi during pregnancy when conservative measures fails.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Haukeland Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ulvik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakke
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Høisaeter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy