Early identification of interleukin-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1 alpha) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of antigen-challenged asthmatics.
Accumulation of CD4+ interleukin (IL)-2R+ lymphocytes in the airways of asthmatics is generally attributed to the presence of chemoattractant cytokines. The precise mechanism for the initiation of the earliest CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration and activation is unknown. In this study, we describe for the first time the presence of lymphocyte chemoattractant activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from asthmatics 6 h after antigen challenge. The majority of the chemoattractant activity at this early time point is represented by IL-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor), a CD4+ cell-specific chemoattractant and growth factor. In addition to IL-16, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1 alpha) chemotactic bioactivity was detected in significant levels. While IL-16, MIP1 alpha, and IL-8 were all identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the great majority of the lymphocyte chemoattractant activity in the BAL fluid after antigen challenge is attributable to IL-16 and MIP1 alpha. There were no detectable levels of IL-16 nor MIP1 alpha in BAL fluid of antigen-challenged normal subjects nor atopic nonasthmatics nor in saline-challenged lobes from the asthmatics. The identification of multiple lymphocyte chemoattractants early after antigen challenge suggests a complex cellular, as well as chemoattractant cytokine, profile in initiating the CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory process that is specific for the atopic asthmatic phenotype.
Cruikshank
W W
WW
Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA.
Long
A
A
Tarpy
R E
RE
Kornfeld
H
H
Carroll
M P
MP
Teran
L
L
Holgate
S T
ST
Center
D M
DM
D000328:Adult; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000276:immunology; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D013388:Succinimides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
D000941:Antigens; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D013388:Succinimides; C080633:macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha receptor; C036068:N-amino-3-bromophenylsuccinimide