title: Effect of delayed treatment with sodium polystyrene sulfonate on serum lithium concentrations in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) in lowering serum lithium (Li) concentrations. Specifically, to determine the effects of both different doses of SPS and different times to treatment with SPS on serum Li levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a controlled, single-dose murine trial of SPS on serum Li levels. Male CD-1 mice (n = 525) were given orogastric LiCl and then divided into three main treatment groups: group SPS received a single orogastric administration of SPS in a dose of 5 gm/kg body weight at either 0, 15, 30, 45, or 90 minutes after LiCl; group half-SPS received a single orogastric administration of SPS in a dose of 2.5 gm/kg body weight at times equivalent to those of group SPS; and the control group received orogastric deionized water in a volume equivalent to that of group SPS at 0, 15, 30, 45, or 90 minutes after LiCl. Subgroups of seven to ten mice in each of the four treatment groups were sacrificed at one, two, four, and eight hours after administration of LiCl, and their blood was analyzed for Li concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1) Single doses of SPS significantly lowered serum Li concentrations; 2) this effect was dose-related; 3) the delays in administration of SPS used in this study did not significantly reduce its ability to lower serum Li concentrations; and 4) even when administered after peak serum Li concentrations had been achieved, a single dose of SPS was effective in lowering serum Li levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPS may be efficacious in the treatment for Li toxicity under certain circumstances, even when there is delay to treatment. Additional study is warranted to further characterize the ability of SPS to alter Li kinetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Linakis
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lewander
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Lacouture
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002411:Cation Exchange Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D008094:Lithium / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011041:Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002411:Cation Exchange Resins; D011137:Polystyrenes; C003321:polystyrene sulfonic acid; D008094:Lithium