title: Creatine kinase MB isoforms: a potential predictor of acute cardiac allograft rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Noninvasive studies to detect or predict acute allograft rejection after heart transplantation have failed to be sufficiently reliable to substitute for endomyocardial biopsy. Isoforms of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (MB2 and MB1) are extremely sensitive markers of ischemic myocardial damage and, in theory, may be elevated in cardiac allograft rejection when myocardial necrosis is visible on microscopy (International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade 2 or greater).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined, prospectively, the endomyocardial biopsy specimens (n = 256) of 50 consecutive patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation. Blood samples for creatine kinase MB isoforms (n = 527) were taken immediately before endomyocardial biopsy and at intervals between biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median ratio of MB2/MB1 in plasma samples taken at the time of biopsy for grades 2 and 3 was not significantly different from the ratio from biopsy specimens graded 0 and 1 (1.65 versus 1.33; p = Not significant). The sensitivity for diagnosing a moderately severe rejection was 47% with a specificity of 58%. However, in patients with significant acute rejection (grades 2 and 3) in whom consecutive samples were collected, the MB2/MB1 ratio was significantly increased before histologic changes seen on biopsy in 13 of 16 rejection episodes by a mean of 14 days. The sensitivity for predicting rejection (grade 2 or 3) before endomyocardial biopsy was 60% with a specificity of 71% (positive predictive value 43%, negative predictive value 86%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Creatine kinase MB isoforms may predict the occurrence of acute rejection before histologic evidence seen on endomyocardial biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Unit, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hossein-Nia
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corbishley
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Murday
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D004699:Endocardium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D003402:Creatine Kinase