title: Comparison of three different tests for assessment of hepatitis C virus in dialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between hepatitis C virus antibodies (HCV-Ab) and viremia and to compare the prevalence of HCV-Ab and HCV viremia in hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dialysis unit of a nephrology division in a public university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  All dialysis patients who came for routine clinic visits during the study period. None denied informed consent. Forty-eight patients on HD and 79 on CAPD were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were tested by second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA II) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA II) to look for HCV-Ab and by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to look for HCV viremia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ELISA II was positive in 52% of HD patients and in 14% of CAPD patients. RIBA II was positive in 48% of HD patients and in 11% of CAPD patients. HCV viremia was positive by PCR in 41.6% of HD patients and in 12% of CAPD patients. Two of these PCR-positive patients did not show HCV-Ab by ELISA II and RIBA II. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA II were 93% and 92%, the sensitivity and specificity of RIBA II were 86% and 94%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data confirm a higher prevalence of HCV viremia in HD than in CAPD patients. The absence of Ab against virus C in 2 patients positive with PCR might be due to recent HCV infection or to weak virus replication or to a poor immune response.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castelnovo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lunghi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Vecchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grancini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Como
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Graziani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scalamogna
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ponticelli
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011336:Probability; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014766:Viremia / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase