title: Hemifacial spasm: three-dimensional MR images in the evaluation of neurovascular compression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) images in the preoperative evaluation of hemifacial spasm.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 27 patients with surgically confirmed hemifacial spasm, the axial source images from 3D time-of-flight MR angiography were evaluated for 27 symptomatic sides and 26 asymptomatic sides by three observers in a blinded manner for neurovascular compression and identification of compressive vessels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity was 95% and specificity was 77%. Vascular compression on the symptomatic sides could be identified retrospectively in all 27 patients. On the asymptomatic sides, vascular compression could be excluded retrospectively in all but one patient. In the blinded study, as the mean value of three observers, the vertebral artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery could be identified correctly in seven and 7.7 of seven and nine patients, respectively, whereas the compressive anterior inferior cerebellar artery was identified correctly in 7.7 of 16 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional MR images have a high diagnostic accuracy and are useful in the preoperative evaluation of hemifacial spasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korogi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagahiro
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ushio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D013035:Spasm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging