title: Naltrexone treatment restores menstrual cycles in patients with weight loss-related amenorrhea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the efficacy of naltrexone administration in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea correlates to the response to an acute naloxone test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea associated with weight loss were studied. After naloxone test (4 mg in bolus IV) patients were divided into two groups: group A, nonresponsive (n = 15) and group B, responsive (n = 15). Group A underwent two cycles of hormonal replacement therapy with E2 patches and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Then all patients were administered naltrexone at the dosage 50 mg/d orally for 6 months. A third group of 10 amenorrheic patients were treated with oral placebo with the same schedule.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma gonadal steroid levels increased in all patients and in 24 of 30 patients the menstrual bleeding occurred within 90 days from the beginning of treatment. After 6 months from naltrexone discontinuation, 18 of 24 patients still showed the occurrence of menstrual cycles. Luteinizing hormone plasma levels and LH pulse amplitude increased after 3 months of treatment and remained unchanged 6 months after naltrexone suspension. Plasma FSH levels did not show any change in any patient. The body mass index increased after 3 months in all patients who menstruated. Patients treated with placebo did not show any significant change in gonadotropins and gonadal steroid plasma levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study supports the efficacy of naltrexone therapy for patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea either responsive or nonresponsive to naloxone test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Genazzani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gastaldi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Volpogni
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gamba
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Genazzani
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000592:standards; D004967:Estrogens / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D009270:Naloxone; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011372:Progestins / Q000592:standards; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011372:Progestins; D009270:Naloxone; D009271:Naltrexone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone