title: Evaluation of sampling plans used in the United States, United Kingdom, and The Netherlands to test raw shelled peanuts for aflatoxin.
abstract: The United States is a large producer and exporter of peanuts. The United Kingdom and The Netherlands are major importers of U.S. peanuts. Each country has a different guideline or legal limit for peanut products containing aflatoxin. Peanuts are tested for aflatoxin in each country by using specifically designed aflatoxin sampling plans to determine if the aflatoxin concentration in a lot of raw shelled peanuts is less than the guideline or legal limit. For raw shelled peanuts, the U.S. plan has the highest sample acceptance limit of 15 ng total aflatoxin/g, the UK plan has a sample acceptance limit of 10 ng total aflatoxin/g, and the Dutch Code of Practice (called the Dutch plan) has the lowest sample acceptance limit at 3 ng aflatoxin B1/g. The U.S. plan uses a maximum of 3 sampling units, each weighing 21.8 kg; the UK plan uses a single sampling unit of 10 kg; and the Dutch plan uses 4 sampling units, each weighing 7.5 kg. The sampling variance is lowest for the U.S. plan and highest for the Dutch plan. The sample preparation variance is lowest for both the Dutch and UK plans and highest for the U.S. plan, primarily because of the mill type used to comminute the kernels in the sample. For a given distribution among lot concentrations, the U.S. plan accepts the greatest number of lots and the Dutch plan rejects the greatest number of lots. The average aflatoxin concentration among accepted lots is highest for the U.S. plan and lowest for the Dutch plan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7625, USA.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Defize
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: deKoe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coker
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination; D009426:Netherlands; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins