title: Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on rate of recovery after colon surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Choice of perioperative analgesia may affect the rate of recovery of gastrointestinal function and thus duration and cost of hospitalization after colonic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients undergoing partial colectomy surgery were randomized into four groups. All groups received a standardized general anesthetic. Group MB received a preoperative bolus of epidural bupivacaine and morphine followed by an infusion of morphine and bupivacaine. Group M received a preoperative bolus of epidural morphine followed by an infusion of morphine. Group B received a preoperative bolus of bupivacaine followed by an infusion of bupivacaine. Group P received a preoperative bolus of intravenous morphine followed by intravenous patient-controlled morphine postoperatively. All patients participated in a standardized recovery program to minimize the influence of nonanalgesic factors on recovery of gastrointestinal function. All epidural groups were double-blinded. All patients were deemed ready for discharge according to prospectively defined criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups B and MB reported superior analgesia with activity (P < 0.01). Group M had a greater incidence of pruritus (P < 0.05). Group B had a greater incidence of orthostatic hypotension (P = 0.04). Groups B and MB recovered gastrointestinal function and fulfilled discharge criteria approximately 1.5 days earlier than groups M and P (P < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and morphine provided the best balance of analgesia and side effects while accelerating postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function and time to fulfillment of discharge criteria after colon surgery in relatively healthy patients within the context of a multimodal recovery program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98111, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Thirlby
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shine
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Feinglass
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fulmer
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003082:Colectomy; D004064:Digestive System / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine