title: Stroke after thrombolysis. Mortality and functional outcomes in the GUSTO-I trial. Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is the most feared complication of thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction because of the resulting mortality and disability. We analyzed the incidence, timing, and outcomes of stroke in an international trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were randomly assigned to one of four thrombolytic strategies. Neurological events were confirmed clinically and anatomically and were adjudicated by a blinded committee. Stroke survivors, categorized by residual deficit and disability, assessed their quality of life with a time trade-off technique. Multivariable regression identified patient characteristics associated with intracranial hemorrhage. Over-all, 1.4% of the patients had a stroke (93% anatomic documentation). The risk ranged from 1.19% with streptokinase/subcutaneous heparin therapy to 1.64% with combination thrombolytic therapy (P = .007). Primary intracranial hemorrhage rates ranged from 0.46% with streptokinase/subcutaneous heparin to 0.88% with combination therapy (P < .001). Of all strokes, 41% were fatal, 31% were disabling, and 24% were nondisabling, with no significant treatment-related differences. Stroke subtype affected prognosis: 60% of patients with primary intracranial hemorrhage died and 25% were disabled versus 17% dead and 40% disabled with nonhemorrhagic infarctions. Patients with moderate or severe residual deficits showed significantly decreased quality of life. Advanced age, lower weight, prior cerebrovascular disease or hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, randomization to tissue plasminogen activator, and an interaction between age and hypertension were significant predictors of intracranial hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke remains a rare but catastrophic complication of thrombolysis. Additional studies should assess the net clinical benefit of thrombolysis in high-risk subgroups, particularly the elderly and patients with prior cerebrovascular events.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Simoons
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Barbash
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van de Werf
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Aylward
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006493:Heparin; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator