title: Urinary indices in llamas fed different diets.
abstract: Indices of renal function and damage were measured in 12 healthy male adult llamas fed a diet of mixed alfalfa/grass hay (mixed hay) and water ad libitum. Using a collection bag fitted over the preputial area, urine samples were collected at 6, 12, and 24 hours. Serum samples were obtained concurrently to determine endogenous creatinine clearance (CL), total (TE) and fractional excretion (FE) of electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, P), electrolyte CL, urine and serum osmolality, urine enzyme activities (gamma-glutamyltransferase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase), and urine protein concentration. Urine production was quantified. Three months later, 10 of the 12 llamas were fed a grass hay diet and water ad libitum. Similar samples were obtained, and similar measurements were made. Urine production was higher when the llamas were fed the mixed hay diet. Total urine volume for llamas fed mixed hay ranged from 628 to 1,760 ml/24 h, with a median of 1,307.5 ml/24h, compared with a range of 620 to 1,380 ml/24 h and a median of 927.50 ml/24h for llamas fed grass hay. Median urine osmolality was higher in llamas fed mixed hay (1,906 mOsm/kg of body weight, with a range of 1,237 to 2,529 mOsm/kg), compared with llamas fed grass hay (1,666 mOsm/kg with a range of 1,163 to 2,044 mOsm/kg). Creatinine CL did not vary significantly over time for either diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lackey
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Belknap
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tinguely
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000502:physiology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000652:urine*; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D000455:Medicago sativa; D006109:Poaceae; D011507:Proteinuria; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D003404:Creatinine