title: Psychological and sexual symptoms associated with the menopause and the effects of hormone replacement therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is considerable inconsistency in the results of studies of the psychological and sexual sequelae of the menopause and their treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of the literature on Medline was made of studies of psychological symptoms in women who were either naturally or surgically menopausal or who were receiving hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is evidence of a small increase in psychological morbidity (not usually amounting to psychiatric disorder) preceding the natural menopause and following the surgical menopause. Psychosocial as well as hormonal factors are relevant. While the response of psychosocial symptoms to hormone replacement therapy with oestrogens is variable and most marked in the surgical menopause, in some studies the effect is little greater than that for placebo. Where sexual symptoms are present, there is more consistent evidence that hormone replacement therapy is effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the light of the available evidence, the current use of hormone replacement therapy to treat psychological symptoms detected at the time of (but not necessarily therefore due to) the natural menopause must be questioned. It does appear that oestrogen therapy ameliorates psychological symptoms after surgical menopause.
authors.affiliation: Littlemore Hospital, Oxford.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hawton
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blake
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido / Q000187:drug effects*; D008594:Menopause, Premature / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome