title: Effects of urine on the functional quality of human spermatozoa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of urine on sperm function and to elucidate the reason by which it may be deleterious.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective controlled in vitro study.
  Sperm were exposed to various concentrations of pooled urine in Ham's F-10 Medium supplemented with 3.5 g% bovine serum albumin (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY) and sperm exposed to Ham's F-10 Medium with pH and osmolality adjusted to mimic that of the urine (pH 5.4; 520 mOsm).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm motility and the ability of sperm to penetrate and migrate into mucus and to penetrate hamster oocytes were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All sperm variables studied were significantly decreased when the sperm were exposed to > or = 40% urine. Potential of hydrogen- and osmolality-adjusted Ham's F-10 did not significantly affect the sperm function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine is deleterious to sperm function and may involve other biochemical factors that are unrelated to pH and osmolality of urine.
authors.affiliation: Andrology Laboratory Services, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Scobey
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jeyendran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D014556:Urine