title: Transcriptional control by protein phosphorylation: signal transmission from the cell surface to the nucleus.
abstract: Two general mechanisms have evolved for the rapid and accurate transmission of signals from cell-surface receptors to the nucleus, both involving protein phosphorylation. One mechanism depends on the regulated translocation of activated protein kinases from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where they phosphorylate target transcription factors. In the second mechanism, transcription factors are kept in a latent state in the cytoplasm and are translocated into the nucleus upon activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0636, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011494:Protein Kinases