title: Inhibition of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1-induced cytokine production and T cell activation by interleukin-10, interleukin-4, and dexamethasone.
abstract: Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) induced production of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-2, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In contrast, only low levels of IL-10 were present and IL-4 was absent in TSST-1-stimulated PBMC. Addition of IL-10 to TSST-1-stimulated PBMC inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6, and IFN-gamma by 68%, 93%, 70%, and 86%, respectively, but had less effect (14%-37%) on T cell proliferation. IL-4 was less effective than IL-10 in inhibiting cytokine production and had no effect on T cell proliferation induced by TSST-1. Dexamethasone, an antiinflammatory agent, was the most potent agent in controlling TSST-1-mediated effects, as evidenced by inhibited T cell proliferation (> 74%), reduced levels of cytokines (70%-84%), and reduced expression of CD25 and CD69 on PBMC. Thus, dexamethasone may be a useful agent to mitigate TSST-1-mediated toxic shock.
authors.affiliation: Applied Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krakauer
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000032:analysis; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D018089:Superantigens; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004768:Enterotoxins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007378:Interleukins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D018089:Superantigens; D000099192:CD69 Antigens; C030107:enterotoxin F, Staphylococcal