Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the relations among proteinuria, prescribed and achieved blood pressure, and decline in glomerular filtration rate in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study.


METHODS
2 randomized trials in patients with chronic renal diseases of diverse cause.


METHODS
15 outpatient nephrology practices at university hospitals.


METHODS
840 patients, of whom 585 were in study A (glomerular filtration rate, 25 to 55 mliters/min.1.73 m2) and 255 were in study B (glomerular filtration rate, 13 to 24 mliters/min.1.73 m2). Diabetic patients who required insulin were excluded.


METHODS
Patients were randomly assigned to a usual blood pressure goal (target mean arterial pressure, < or = 107 mm Hg for patients < or = 60 years of age and < or = 113 mm Hg for patients > or = 61 years of age) or a low blood pressure goal (target mean arterial pressure, < or = 92 mm Hg for patients < or = 60 years of age and < or = 98 mm Hg for patients > or = 61 years of age).


METHODS
Rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate and change in proteinuria during follow-up.


RESULTS
The low blood pressure goal had a greater beneficial effect in persons with higher baseline proteinuria in both study A (P = 0.02) and study B (P = 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate declined faster in patients with higher achieved blood pressure during follow-up in both study A (r = -0.20; P < 0.001) and study B (r = -0.34; P < 0.001), and these correlations were stronger in persons with higher baseline proteinuria (P < 0.001 in study A; P < 0.01 in study B). In study A, the association between decline in glomerular filtration rate and achieved follow-up blood pressure was nonlinear (P = 0.011) and was stronger at higher mean arterial pressure. In both studies, the low blood pressure goal significantly reduced proteinuria during the first 4 months after randomization. This, in turn, correlated with a slower subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study supports the concept that proteinuria is an independent risk factor for the progression of renal disease. For patients with proteinuria of more than 1 g/d, we suggest a target blood pressure of less than 92 mm Hg (125/75 mm Hg). For patients with proteinuria of 0.25 to 1.0 g/d, a target mean arterial pressure of less than 98 mm Hg (about 130/80 mm Hg) may be advisable. The extent to which lowering blood pressure reduces proteinuria may be a measure of the effectiveness of this therapy in slowing the progression of renal disease.
Peterson
J C
JC
Adler
S
S
Burkart
J M
JM
Greene
T
T
Hebert
L A
LA
Hunsicker
L G
LG
King
A J
AJ
Klahr
S
S
Massry
S G
SG
Seifter
J L
JL
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents