title: A new axillary approach for continuous brachial plexus block. A clinical and anatomic study.
abstract: Catheter insertion in the neurovascular space by axillary approach allows a continuous brachial plexus block and/or postoperative analgesia. We developed a perivenous technique whereby the approach to the neurovascular sheath is guided under fluoroscopy by a preopacified axillary vein. A randomized study compared this technique to the technique of Selander in ASA grade I-II patients scheduled for surgery or painful physiotherapy of the hand. The study was performed in 36 patients randomly divided into two groups. In Group 1 (n = 18), the catheter was placed according to the technique described by Selander. In Group 2 (n = 18), the catheter was placed using our perivenous technique. A complete block was obtained in all the patients of Group 2 vs only 50% of the patients in Group 1 (P < 0.05). In Group 1 a partial block was observed in 17%, with failure in 33% of the patients. There was no difference in the two groups regarding the time required to perform either technique, the duration of the complete block, the pain score, or the amount of continuously administrated bupivacaine during the first 48 h postoperatively. The plasma concentrations of total bupivacaine (high-performance liquid chromatography) were low in successful blocks, with no differences in the two groups; the median value was 0.68 microgram/mL (95% confidence interval: 0.62-0.89). The concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) in failed blocks; the median value was 1.69 micrograms/mL (95% confidence interval: 0.58-2.8). A complementary anatomic study of three arms from fresh cadavers allowed verification of the correct localization of the Teflon cannula and flexible catheter, as well as homogeneous diffusion of the methylene blue inside the brachial plexus. The perivenous technique for continuous axillary brachial plexus block may improve the success rate due to its radiologic and accurate location of the neurovascular sheath.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie-Réamimation Chirurgicale, Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pham-Dang
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kick
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bourreli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Touchais
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Corre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinaud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D001367:Axillary Vein; D001917:Brachial Plexus; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006225:Hand / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine