title: Increased N-myristoyltransferase activity observed in rat and human colonic tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in North America. Since treatment of colonic cancer remains difficult because of the lack of effective chemotherapeutic agents, it is important to continue to search for cellular functions that can be disrupted by chemotherapeutic drugs and inhibit the development or progression of this disease. Modification of proteins by myristoylation has been recognized as important in the function of various viral, oncogenic, and signal-transduction proteins and thus has been proposed as a target for chemotherapeutic drug design. However, the activity of the enzyme that catalyzes this modification, N-myristoyltransferase, has not been investigated in cancer relative to normal tissue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to investigate the activity of N-myristoyltransferase in azoxymethane-induced rat colonic cancer tissue compared with normal and normal-appearing rat colonic tissue and 2) to determine if similar differences would be observed in a small sample of human colonic tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  N-Myristoyltransferase activity was determined in 45 colonic tissue specimens from Sprague-Dawley rats--10 given injections of the colon carcinogen, azoxymethane, and three untreated. Tissue specimens included 35 colonic tumors of varying pathologic stages, seven specimens of normal-appearing adjacent mucosa, and three specimens of normal colonic mucosa. Colectomy specimens from five patients were assayed for N-myristoyltransferase activity. Subcellular distribution of N-myristoyltransferase activity was determined. Synthetic peptides of known myristoylated proteins--pp60src and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase--were used in kinetic analyses of N-myristoyltransferase in colonic cancer and normal-appearing colonic tissue. All P values are two-tailed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  N-Myristoyltransferase activity was increased in rat colonic tumors compared with normal-appearing adjacent mucosa and normal mucosa (P = .0002). Elevation of N-myristoyltransferase activity was present in all tumors, including colonic polyps. Increased N-myristoyltransferase activity was also observed in human colonic tumors and was predominantly cytosolic. N-Myristoyltransferase of colonic cancer tissues had a similar Michaelis constant but an approximate twofold higher maximum velocity for both the pp60src- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase-derived peptides compared with N-myristoyltransferase of normal-appearing tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates for the first time that N-myristoyltransferase activity is higher in colonic epithelial neoplasms than in normal-appearing colonic tissue and that an increase in N-myristoyltransferase activity appears at an early stage in colonic carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Saskatoon Cancer Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Moyana
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001397:Azoxymethane; D002273:Carcinogens; D003106:Colon / Q000201:enzymology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D000217:Acyltransferases; C050480:glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase; D001397:Azoxymethane