title: Left ventricular structure and function in previously untreated hypertensive patients: the importance of blood pressure, the nocturnal blood pressure dip and heart rate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac assessment is an important part of risk stratification in hypertensive patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy in particular is a powerful predictor of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Previous studies assessing haemodynamic factors that may be responsible for cardiac changes in hypertensive patients have been performed in those previously treated for hypertension. To investigate more fully these haemodynamic relationships, a large group of previously untreated patients were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight previously untreated hypertensive patients underwent electrocardiography, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and exercise stress testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was more closely related to mean 24 h than to clinic blood pressures (24 h systolic r = 0.48, P < 0.01; 24 h diastolic r = 0.49, P < 0.01; clinic systolic r = 0.28, P < 0.01; clinic diastolic r = 0.31, P < 0.01). In addition, the systolic nocturnal blood pressure dip was found to be inversely related to LVMI in men (r = -0.32, P < 0.01). Of the indices of left ventricular diastolic function, age (r = -0.64, P < 0.01), heart rate (r = -0.25, P = 0.02) and LVMI (r = -0.22, P = 0.02) were independently related to the E-A ratio. Age (r = 0.40, P < 0.01), blood pressure (systolic r = 0.39, P < 0.01; diastolic r = 0.43, P < 0.01), the nocturnal blood pressure dip (systolic r = -0.38, P < 0.01, diastolic r = -0.31, P < 0.01) and LVMI (r = 0.37, P < 0.01) were independently related to the isovolumic relaxation time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood pressure was the only independent determinant of LVMI; nocturnal blood pressure may be particularly important in men. Age and both haemodynamic and structural factors are independent determinants of parameters of left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Peart-Rose Clinic, St Mary's Hospital and Medical School, Paddington, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahi
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Poulter
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sever
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Foale
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Thom
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*