title: Improved 4- and 6-hour myocardial preservation by hypoxic preconditioning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A brief hypoxic episode can precondition myocardium against a subsequent ischemic-reperfusion injury. The present study sought to determine whether intracellular ionic alterations, induced expression of heat-shock proteins (hsps), and/or catalase are involved in the cellular mechanisms by which hypoxic preconditioning can preserve postischemic function in a model of prolonged hypothermic storage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two groups of isolated working rat hearts were studied: control (CON) and hypoxically preconditioned (HP) hearts. Hearts were arrested at 4 degrees C with St Thomas' cardioplegic solution and immersion-stored for either a 4- or 6-hour period. Myocardial function (ie, heart rate, aortic flow, coronary flow, developed pressure, and its first derivative dP/dtmax) was determined at baseline, after preconditioning, and during reperfusion. At similar time points, myocardial [Na+]i, [K+]i, [Mg2+]i, and [Ca2+]i were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the induction of hsp 70 and catalase mRNAs was assayed using Northern blot analysis. After 4 and 6 hours of hypothermic storage, aortic flow, dP/dtmax, and [K+]i were increased, whereas [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i were decreased significantly in the HP group compared with the CON group. Steady state mRNA levels of catalase and hsp 70 were increased from baseline levels only in the HP group, with a peak (2.8- and 2.4-fold versus baseline) after 4 hours of storage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that intracellular ionic alterations and upregulation of catalase and hsp 70 gene expression may contribute to the mechanisms underlying hypoxic preconditioning, leading to improved postischemic function during prolonged hypothermic storage of hearts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Engelman
authors.forename: C Z
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Engelman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rousou
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Flack
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Deaton
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maulik
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009926:Organ Preservation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D002374:Catalase