Salmonella and mammalian-cell mutagenicity of 3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone.
3-Chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (CMCF), a chlorine disinfection by-product in drinking water, was mutagenic in the Salmonella/his (Ames) assay for both base-pair substitution strains (TA1535, TA100, TA102) and frameshift strains (TA97, TA98) with the highest mutagenic response observed in strain TA100 (1292 revertants/microgram). The presence in TA100 of pKM101 plasmid, which enhances error-phone DNA repair, greatly increased susceptibility to CMCF mutagenicity relative to the isogenic strain TA1535 lacking pKM101. In the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell hprt (6-thioguanine resistance) locus assay, the mutagenicity of CMCF (1.04 mutants/10(6) clonable cells per microgram/ml) was barely detectable because of the low mutagenicity/cytotoxicity ratio. From the present experiments it appears that CMCF acts in a manner similar to that of another drinking water mutagen, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX). However, CMFC appears to be a less potent mutagen in vitro than MX.
Niittykoski
M
M
Division of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland.
Hyttinen
J M
JM
Jansson
K
K
D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects
D005663:Furans; D009153:Mutagens; C092013:3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase