title: Hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease: influence of age, disease severity, and disease duration.
abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the role of aging in measures reflecting diurnal activity and immobility in 60 parkinsonian patients with predominant features of hypokinesia and rigidity and 100 healthy subjects aged 50 to 98 years. In the patients, we also studied the relation between disease duration and subjective and objective measures of disease severity. Motor activity was recorded during 5 successive days at home with a wrist-worn activity monitor. For each subject, two mean measures reflecting the diurnal activity level and the relative proportion of activity and immobility were calculated. Diurnal measures of activity revealed in both groups a prominent absolute reduction of activity and an increase of the time spent without movement ("immobility") with advancing age. Parkinsonian patients showed significantly lower values for both motor-activity measures than did the healthy subjects. The rate of the age-related decline of both diurnal activity measures in both groups, however, is comparable. Disease duration showed no relation with subjective and objective measures reflecting disease severity. This study shows that if care is taken to control for disease severity, the rate of the age-related decline of measures reflecting diurnal activity and immobility is similar in both groups. The lack of relation between disease duration and subjective and objective measures of disease severity suggests that the rate of progression of Parkinson's disease can be reliably studied only by means of longitudinal studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academic Hospital, State University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Hilten
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Braat
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: van der Velde
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Middelkoop
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lighart
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Roos
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009127:Muscle Rigidity / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa