title: Life events and stress in patients with functional dyspepsia compared with patients with duodenal ulcer and healthy controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Life events and stress may be important for functional dyspepsia and duodenal ulcer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The perception of life events in the preceding 6 months was recorded in 100 patients with functional dyspepsia, 100 patients with duodenal ulcer, and 100 healthy controls. In addition, psychologic and social factors were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with functional dyspepsia experienced significantly more life events than patients with duodenal ulcer and healthy controls. The difference in life events between the groups was due to the difference in stressful life events. The patients with functional dyspepsia had higher levels of state-trait anxiety, general psychopathology, and depression than patients with duodenal ulcer and healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with functional dyspepsia had higher scores on negative life events than patients with duodenal ulcer and healthy controls. This may be causally related to the higher levels of anxiety, depression, and general psychopathology in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wilhelmsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berstad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ursin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology