title: Orthodontic goniometry: detection and measurement of apical movement: Part 1.
abstract: The possibility of apical expansion has been a matter of debate for a long time in orthodontics. Measure of expansion is easily obtained at the level of the crowns, but is coronal expansion a significant measure for apical expansion? This question received an answer as early as 1948 with the practical use of a method, "orthodontic goniometry" created by M. Chateau measuring the angular changes of incline of teeth (gonio = angle; metry = measurement).
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chateau
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Planas
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000503:physiopathology*