title: High prevalence of antibodies against beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in patients with primary electrical cardiac abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine the prevalence of autoantibodies directed against the beta-adrenoceptors in patients with primary electrical cardiac abnormalities, including atrial arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias and conduction disturbances, in the absence of any other cardiac abnormality.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Using synthetic peptides corresponding to the predicted sequences for the second extracellular loop of the human beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors as antigenic targets, autoantibodies directed against the beta-adrenoceptors were recently shown to occur in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and Chagas' heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six patients (57 with primary electrical abnormalities, 29 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy) and 101 healthy and cardiopathic control subjects were studied. Antibodies against the beta 1- and beta 2-peptides were detected with an enzyme immunoassay performed in blinded manner. In nine selected (seropositive) cases, the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction was tested for functional effects on the rate of beating of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibodies recognizing the beta 1- and beta 2-peptides were found in 11 (52.3%) of 21 patients with ventricular arrhythmias (p < 0.01), 5 (35.7%) of 14 patients with conduction disturbances (p < 0.05), 3 (13.6%) of 22 patients with atrial arrhythmias (p > 0.05) and 11 (37.9%) of 29 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (p < 0.05) compared with 15 (14.8%) of 101 control subjects. A rapid increase in the rate of beating of the cultured cardiomyocytes was induced by IgG from a selected group of patients, suggesting an agonist-like interaction with a functional epitope. This response was mediated by stimulation of both the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in the patients with primary ventricular arrhythmias but only the beta 1-adrenoceptors in the patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary ventricular arrhythmias and conduction disturbances, like idiopathic cardiomyopathy, show a high prevalence of antibodies interacting with functional epitopes of the beta-adrenoceptors, suggesting a common or similar abnormal immunoregulatory process.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Ramos Mejía Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Chiale
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Elizari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjalmarson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wallukat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoebeke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D051381:Rats; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2