title: Postoperative analgesia using epidural infusions of fentanyl with bupivacaine. A prospective analysis of 1,014 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidural fentanyl/bupivacaine infusions often are limited to high dependency units or intensive care units. One thousand fourteen patients receiving epidural fentanyl/bupivacaine infusions for analgesia after major surgery who were managed in the general surgical ward were prospectively surveyed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients leaving the recovery room with an epidural catheter in situ were assessed three times a day by acute pain service personnel for quality of pain relief, using a rating scale that accounted for pain on movement. The presence of side effects and complications was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were collected from February 1990 to May 1993. The average duration of infusion was 3 days. A patient's pain relief was rated as good to excellent on 82.6% of visits. Side effects possibly attributable to fentanyl included sedation (7.4%), pruritus (10.2%), nausea and vomiting (3.1%), and respiratory depression (1.2%). Respiratory depression commonly was associated with sedation and was detected easily on the postsurgical ward, with only four patients requiring naloxone (0.4%). Side effects possibly related to bupivacaine included unpleasant sensory block (2.6%), significant lower limb motor block (3.0%), and hypotension (6.6%). There were two cases of epidural hematoma. Inflammation at the epidural catheter insertion site occurred in 3.8% (38), of which 42% (16) had some cutaneous purulence detected. There were no epidural space infections. Mechanical problems, including dislodgment of the catheter, accounted for 18.7% of infusion discontinuations within the first 72 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative epidural fentanyl/bupivacaine infusions are effective and can be managed readily in general postsurgical wards with minimal complications provided that appropriate patient observations are performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Beilby
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McClymont
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006407:Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine