title: Effect of glass ionomer manipulation on early fluoride release.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the amount of fluoride released from several glass ionomer products [Fuji Cap II, Fuji Ionomer Type II, Ketac-Silver, Chelon-Silver, and Miracle Mix (hand-mixed and encapsulated)], and to compare them between triturated (5, 10, 15 seconds) encapsulated and hand-mixed glass ionomers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The amount of fluoride released at 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the start of immersion in deionized-distilled water at 37 degrees C was determined with a fluoride ion selective electrode. Rates of fluoride release and cumulative amounts of fluoride release were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each glass ionomer released the greatest amount of fluoride during the first 24-hour period. Although there was some variation between products, generally the hand-mixed specimens released significantly (P < 0.05) less fluoride than those prepared by mechanical trituration (10 and 15 seconds). The cumulative amounts of fluoride released from the mechanically triturated glass ionomers were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than the amounts released from the hand-mixed glass ionomers. No significant differences in the cumulative amounts of fluoride released from triturated materials were found among the different trituration times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75266-0677, USA.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okabe
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016722:Cermet Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016722:Cermet Cements; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D018030:Silver Compounds; C078801:Miracle Mix; C067445:Chelon Silver; C084541:Fuji glass-ionomer lining cement; C037885:Fuji-ionomer; D005459:Fluorides