title: Regulation by corticosteroids of Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in human CD4+ effector T cells generated from CD45RO- and CD45RO+ subsets.
abstract: Corticosteroids (CS) are widely used as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. In this study we analyzed the effects of CS on the growth and differentiation of human CD4+45RO- "naive" and CD4+45RO+ "memory" T cells. To generate effector T cells secreting large amounts of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, FACS-sorted naive and memory subsets were primed and restimulated in vitro via the TCR in the presence of IL-2. CS added during priming reduced clonal expansion of both T cell populations, but the memory subset was 100-fold less sensitive. At lower concentrations, CS favored the development of effector T cells (from both subsets), which upon restimulation produced large amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, but low amounts of IL-4, IL-5, or IFN-gamma. Interestingly, CS displayed different effects if it was added only during the restimulation of effector T cells. CS were unable to suppress clonal expansion of restimulated effector T cells. In effector T cells derived from the naive subset, CS induced production of IL-4 and IL-10, but blocked production of IL-5 and IFN-gamma. In effector T cells generated from the memory subset, CS blocked production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10, but inhibited production of IFN-gamma by only 50%, even if 100-fold higher concentrations of CS were applied. These results indicate that persistent TCR stimulation, e.g., in chronic infection, may reduce the sensitivity of T cells to the antiproliferative effects of CS. Furthermore, the potential of CS to increase or suppress IL-4 and IL-10 production depending on the stage of T cell activation may explain in part the beneficial effects of CS in the treatment of acute inflammation and chronic allergic/asthmatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Asthma/Allergy Research, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kristofic
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens