title: Oral contraceptives and low back pain. Attitudes among physicians, midwives and physiotherapists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only few indications have appeared in the literature concerning a possible relationship between the use of oral contraceptives and low back pain. In our daily work we often meet women who have been recommended to abandon their use of oral contraceptives depending on coexisting low back pain. In order to assess the opinions of a possible relationship between oral contraceptives and low back pain this study was undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  A validated questionnaire was sent out to physicians, physiotherapists and midwives dealing with either contraceptive counselling or low back pain. A modified questionnaire was sent to medical- and physiotherapist students to assess whether the opinions were a result of the education or the working experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 225 questionnaires were sent out and 206 (91%) were returned. Sixteen percent thought there was a relationship between the use of oral contraceptives and risk of low back pain. Thirty percent had seen patients with low back pain that was interpreted as being affected by use of oral contraceptives. Twenty-five percent recommended at least some patients with low back pain to change their contraceptive method. Among the students there was a difference in opinion between the first and the last year students indicating that their opinions had been influenced by their education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidently many professionals dealing with oral contraceptives and low back pain believe that there is a relationship between oral contraceptives and low back pain, despite the lack of scientific evidence. These recommendations might influence the contraceptive safety for the individual woman and the possible relationship between use of oral contraceptives and low back pain should therefore be more thoroughly investigated before general recommendations are given.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brynhildsen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekblad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced; D015995:Prevalence; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral