title: Antibodies to the food mutagens, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline: useful for immunoassay and immunoaffinity chromatography of biological samples.
abstract: Monoclonal mouse IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies were developed to the food mutagens, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,4-f] quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx) in order to make specific and sensitive detection and purification systems suitable for biological samples. The antibodies were developed with the strategy that cross-reaction with analogues modified in the N2-position was desirable. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with 50% inhibition by 0.4-6 pmol food mutagen were developed. The epitopes recognized by the antibodies have been characterized by ELISA using 52 synthetic analogues and metabolites of PhIP, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and other food mutagens. One of the anti-PhIP antibodies only recognizes PhIP and those PhIP-analogues which have minor modifications in the N2-amino group, whereas the other, 7B7-1, is less stringent and also recognizes several other modified metabolites, including bulky adducts at the N2-amino group e.g. the major guanine and deoxyguanosine adducts isolated from PhIP-modified DNA. The antibodies to DiMeIQx also recognize the food mutagens 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4-MeIQx), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-MeIQx), and the corresponding quinolines (4-MeIQ and 8-MeIQ). Two of these antibodies only bind analogues with minor modifications in the free amino group, whereas analogues with major modifications in this position, including a deoxyguanosine adduct, react with the third antibody. Urine samples and faecal extracts from 3H-PhIP or 2-14C-DiMeIQx dosed rats were analysed by these ELISA assays, and high correlations between radioactivity and response in the ELISA assays were observed. Urine samples and faecal extracts from 3H-PhIP-dosed rats were purified on an affinity column containing the less stringent anti-PhIP antibody, 7B7-1. The affinity column was found by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to concentrate exclusively labelled material. This affinity column also bound PhIP-related materials from dilute samples of acid hydrolysed PhIP-DNA with high efficiency. Only approximately 40% of the 4,8-DiMeIQx related materials found in dilute acid hydrolysed samples of 4,8-DiMeIQx-DNA was bound by an affinity column containing the less stringent anti-4,8-DiMeIQx antibody, 2C5-1. We conclude that our anti-PhIP and anti-DiMeIQx antibodies can be used to determine the presence of these food mutagens and some of their activated or conjugated metabolites in complex biological samples.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, Danish National Food Agency, Søborg.
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Dragsted
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grivas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002273:Carcinogens; D007093:Imidazoles; D009153:Mutagens; D011810:Quinoxalines; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine; C045421:3,4,8-trimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxalin-2-amine