title: Loss of vertical palpebral fissure height on downgaze in acquired blepharoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine criteria to diagnose and document functional visual impairment from upper eyelid ptosis in the downgaze position of reading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 1991 to June 1992, 47 consecutive patients with adult-onset acquired ptosis were enrolled in the study. Downgaze eyelid and relative brow position were evaluated in 88 eyelids of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical repair of blepharoptosis by the Müller muscle conjunctival resection ptosis procedure, levator aponeurosis advancement and/or resection, or levator muscle resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative change in the eyelid and brow position in downgaze.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all ptotic eyelids, 43% had zero vertical palpebral fissure height in downgaze when the brows were relaxed and therefore were functionally blind in the downgaze position. After ptosis repair, there was a significant widening of the vertical palpebral fissure height in downgaze (P < .001), a significant decrease in frontalis muscle use (P < .001), and return of the patients' ability to sustain downgaze function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of palpebral fissure height in downgaze and frontalis muscle use in patients with acquired ptosis identifies patients with a functional visual deficit in the downgaze reading position. These measurements can be easily performed in the office and may be added to criteria for documenting functional impairment from blepharoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sinai Hospital, Detroit, Mich., USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Putterman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011932:Reading; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014794:Visual Fields