title: Clinical experience with a seven-day estradiol transdermal system for estrogen replacement therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the efficacy, safety, and wearability of estrogen replacement therapy of a 7-day estradiol transdermal system (Climara), developed using new drug-in-adhesive technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacokinetics of the 7-day system were investigated in single- and multiple-dose studies, a relative bioavailability study of the two patch sizes, and comparative studies with the twice-weekly transdermal system (Estraderm). Safety and efficacy in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms compared with conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin) and placebo were evaluated in two 11-week, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trials in 603 women; the data are combined in this report. Irritation and adhesion were also evaluated in comparative studies with Estraderm, Micropore (an inert once-weekly tape), and placebo controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood levels were sustained for the full 7 days of patch wear, there was no drug accumulation, and a physiologic estrone to estradiol ratio was maintained. Pharmacokinetics studies showed dose proportionality of the 0.05 and 0.1 mg/day patches. Both patch sizes significantly decreased the frequency of hot flushes compared with placebo and were comparable with conjugated equine estrogens. There was a statistically significant difference between the two patch sizes. The mean overall decline in the hot flush rate was 74.6% for the 0.1 mg patch versus 64.5% for the 0.05 mg patch (p < or = 0.05). The combined data also showed that the onset of efficacy is within 1 to 2 weeks after the start of therapy and that efficacy is fully sustained during the 7-day patch wear period with some diminution of effect during the treatment-free week of each cycle. Treatment was well tolerated. Adverse events led to withdrawal from the studies in 8.9% of subjects. In most of these (6.8% of subjects), the cause was adverse skin reactions. Skin irritation was similar to Estraderm in comparative studies, whereas adhesion was significantly better with Climara.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Climara patch delivers estradiol for a full 7 days. Clinical efficacy of both patch sizes is comparable with currently accepted therapy and is sustained for the entire week of patch wear. A significant difference in response between the two doses supports dose titration. The patch is well tolerated and has excellent adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Future HealthCare Research Centers, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D001682:Biological Availability; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D004958:Estradiol