title: A comparison of chemical dipsticks read visually or by photometry in the routine screening of urine specimens in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
abstract: Two different commercially available urine dipsticks were evaluated to determine their usefulness as a screening test for the detection of non-infected urine specimens. The reactions of both dipstick strips were read visually and, in addition, one was read by semi-automated reflectance photometry. 2928 consecutive routine urine specimens received by the microbiology laboratory during normal working hours underwent testing by the conventional method of microscopy and culture and the results were compared with those obtained by dipstick testing. There were poor correlations between microscopy for red and white blood cells and dipstick results for blood and leucocyte esterase respectively. The dipsticks had a low positive predictive value (PPV) in identifying infected urines. In contrast, dipsticks had a very high negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.6-99.5% and correctly identified a significant proportion (about 1/3) of non-infected urines as reported by the conventional method. Introduction of dipstick testing of urine specimens in our hospital has led to significant time saving as dipstick-negative urines are not processed further (except for specific clinical indications) and there has also been a significant decrease (25%) in the number of specimens submitted to the laboratory. Further efficiencies may be obtainable with increased automation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009573:Nitrites / Q000652:urine; D010783:Photometry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; C021443:leukocyte esterase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases