title: Central effects of endothelin on respiratory output during development.
abstract: Both endothelin-1 protein and endothelin-1 specific binding sites have been identified in areas of the medulla oblongata involved in respiratory control. We examined whether endothelin acting centrally affects respiratory output during early postnatal life. We initially examined the effect of intracisternally administrated endothelin on respiratory output in 10 2- to 18-day-old piglets. Endothelin-1 administration at 50 nmol to 1 mumol caused respiratory inhibition. We subsequently examined whether this response is mediated through chemosensitive areas of the ventral medulla. Endothelin-1 was microinjected into specific ventral or dorsal medullary regions in 31 14- to 22-day-old piglets. Microinjection of endothelin-1 (10 fmol to 0.1 pmol) just above the hypoglossal roots, lateral to the pyramids, and within 1 mm from the surface (n = 24) attenuated respiratory output, and complete apnea occurred with 1 pmol in all animals. However, microinjection of endothelin-1 3 mm below the ventral surface (n = 5) and into the dorsal medulla (n = 3) had no inhibitory effect. Comparable doses of angiotensin II (n = 5) and norepinephrine (n = 5) microinjected into the endothelin-1 sensitive area also did not influence respiratory output. These effects of endothelin-1 were not altered by prior endothelin-B receptor blockade (IRL-1038) but could be reversed by endothelin-A receptor blockade (BQ-610). These results suggest that endothelin-1 release may cause ventilatory depression mediated through endothelin-A receptors located in the chemosensitive areas of the ventrolateral medulla.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Dreshaj
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ernsberger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haxhiu-Poskurica
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Haxhiu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002946:Cisterna Magna; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D016232:Endothelins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000502:physiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects*; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D016232:Endothelins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents