title: Structure-activity relationship of the leucine-based sorting motifs in the cytosolic tail of the major histocompatibility complex-associated invariant chain.
abstract: The cytosolic tail of the major histocompatibility complex-associated invariant chain protein contains two Leu-based motifs that both mediate efficient sorting to the endocytic pathway. Nuclear magnetic resonance data on a peptide of 27 residues corresponding to the cytosolic tail of human invariant chain indicate that in water at pH 7.4 the membrane distal motif Leu7-Ile8 lies within a nascent helix, while the membrane proximal motif Met16-Leu17 is part of a turn. The presence of a small amount of methanol stabilizes an alpha helix from Gln4 to Leu17 with a kink on Pro15. Point mutations of the cytosolic tail of the protein suggest that amino-terminal residues located in spatial proximity to the Leu motifs contribute to efficient internalization and targeting to endosomes in transfected COS cells. Residues on the spatially opposite side of the Leu motifs were, on the other hand, mutated with no measurable effect on targeting. Structural and biological data thus suggest that the signals are not continuous but consist of "signal patches" formed by the three-dimensional structure of the cytosolic tail of invariant chain.
authors.affiliation: Istituto per la Chimica di Molecole di Interesse Biologico del CNR, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bremnes
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saviano
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bakke
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003600:Cytosol / Q000276:immunology; D004705:Endocytosis; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017354:Point Mutation; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000276:immunology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; C045084:invariant chain; D007930:Leucine