title: CD4+ lymphocytes in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: evidence for pregnancy-induced immune depression in uninfected and HIV-infected women.
abstract: Immune function changes during pregnancy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. T helper function and phenotypes in HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnant and postpartum women and nonpregnant uninfected control women were studied. T helper function was assessed by interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in vitro and three-color flow cytometry. All uninfected nonpregnant subjects, 74% of uninfected pregnant subjects, and only 54% of HIV-infected pregnant subjects responded to all stimuli. All uninfected subjects 2-6 months postpartum had normal function versus 27% of infected subjects (trend P < .001). Uninfected pregnant subjects had reduced levels of CD4+CD45RA-RO+ (memory) and elevated levels of CD4+CD45RA+RO- (naive) lymphocytes. Infected pregnant subjects had elevated levels of memory, reduced levels of naive, and increased levels of CD4+HLA-DR+CD38+ (activated) lymphocytes. Increased CD4+DR+CD38+ cells correlated best with poor IL-2 function, HIV infection, and being postpartum (R2 = .79). Thus, T helper function and phenotypes are altered in pregnancy and return to baseline postpartum in uninfected but not HIV-infected women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rydman
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Landay
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000097:blood; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000097:blood; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000097:blood; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000276:immunology*; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1