title: Hemorrhagic enteritis virus induced changes in the lymphocyte subpopulations in turkeys and the effect of experimental immunodeficiency on viral pathogenesis.
abstract: We examined the changes in the lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen and peripheral blood of turkeys and the effects of experimental immunodeficiency in the B and T cell compartments on the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enteritis (HE) in turkeys. Inoculation of turkeys with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) induced a drop in the relative proportions of IgM bearing cells on Day 2, 3, and 9 post-infection and an elevation in the relative proportions of CD4+ cells on Day 4 and 6 post-infection. Elevated levels of CD8+ cells were observed in the infected turkeys only on Day 16 after infection. Marked depletion of IgM+ cells may play a role in immunodepression caused by HEV. Cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment induced B cell deficiency in turkeys severely impaired HEV replication in the spleen suggesting that B lymphocytes are important for viral replication. Cyclosporin A (CsA) selectively impaired T cell mitogenesis and protected the turkeys against HEV-induced intestinal hemorrhages. CsA did not prevent viral replication in the spleen or the associated splenomegaly. This result suggested that T cell immunity may be important for intestinal hemorrhaging induced by HEV.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Veterinary PathoBiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004752:Coronavirus, Turkey / Q000502:physiology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004753:Enteritis, Transmissible, of Turkeys / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D014422:Turkeys; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide