title: A gene therapy strategy using a transcription factor decoy of the E2F binding site inhibits smooth muscle proliferation in vivo.
abstract: The application of DNA technology to regulate the transcription of disease-related genes in vivo has important therapeutic potentials. The transcription factor E2F plays a pivotal role in the coordinated transactivation of cell cycle-regulatory genes such as c-myc, cdc2, and the gene encoding proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) that are involved in lesion formation after vascular injury. We hypothesized that double-stranded DNA with high affinity for E2F may be introduced in vivo as a decoy to bind E2F and block the activation of genes mediating cell cycle progression and intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. Gel mobility-shift assays showed complete competition for E2F binding protein by the E2F decoy. Transfection with E2F decoy inhibited expression of c-myc, cdc2, and the PCNA gene as well as vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation both in vitro and in the in vivo model of rat carotid injury. Furthermore, 2 weeks after in vivo transfection, neointimal formation was significantly prevented by the E2F decoy, and this inhibition continued up to 8 weeks after a single transfection in a dose-dependent manner. Transfer of an E2F decoy can therefore modulate gene expression and inhibit smooth muscle proliferation and vascular lesion formation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5246, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakama
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogihara
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Dzau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D016259:Genes, myc; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008081:Liposomes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D056465:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1; D050680:Transcription Factor DP1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D008081:Liposomes; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D056465:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1; D050680:Transcription Factor DP1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase