title: An audio-video system for automated data acquisition in the clinical environment. LOTAS Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to develop an audiovideo data acquisition system that facilitates studying the activities of anesthesia care providers in the clinical environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ceiling-mounted miniature video cameras, vital sign monitors, and videocassette recorders (VCRs) were interfaced to digital computers in two patient admitting areas and two operating rooms of a trauma center. This video data acquisition system network (VASNET) is simple to operate. Insertion of a videotape activates the system and begins video overlay of updated vital signs onto the video image every 5 sec. Recorded data is passed via a local area network, allowing remote monitoring of the data acquisition process. To facilitate analysis of the video at a later time, the image, soundtrack, and vital signs data are stamped with the same time code. Each tape is initialized by recording the data file name and wall clock time for 30 sec at the start of taping. This initialization enables comparison of the video recordings with anesthesia, surgical, and nursing records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 2 years of operation, VASNET was used to record over 100 cases of acute trauma management. Vital signs overlaid onto the video image identified when patient monitors were in use and providing data. Participants found videotape review useful in assessing their own performance. VASNET was nonintrusive and acquired data with minimum user interaction. In one operating room, separate from the trauma center, VASNET was installed to function as a remote monitor, with the option of videotaping. Although users were aware of when videotaping occurred, once patient management was underway, the activities of the anesthesia care providers did not appear to be influenced by the videocassette recording. Equipment maintenance was not excessive. The most frequent problems were changes to the VCR control settings and disconnection of the power supply or interface connections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Videotapes of the process of anesthetizing and resuscitating trauma patients provided a record of the activities of anesthesia care providers. Video vignettes may be useful training tools. Excerpts from real scenarios can be incorporated into anesthesia stimulators. The soundtrack and timing of real events from such video acquisition may be useful in the development of multimedia simulations of trauma patient resuscitation. The data collection may be useful for research into human performance, ergonomics, training techniques, quality assurance, and certification of anesthesia care providers in trauma patient management. Potential additional applications of VASNET include remote monitoring of patients in the operating room, in the intensive care unit, during transportation, in hazardous environments, and in the field. Such VASNET telemetry may facilitate the availability of expert opinions during medical and other consultations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Horst
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D003201:Computers; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D012107:Research Design; D014741:Video Recording; D014743:Videotape Recording