title: Burning mouth syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a frequent process that produces marked oral dysesthetic symptoms. There is controversy over its etiopathogenesis and diagnosis. Therapeutic results are unsatisfactory. The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze a possible agreement on the definition of BMS; (2) to analyze its cause; (3) to propose a therapeutic scheme that has been shown to be highly effective in our experience and has not been previously reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred patients with symptomatology of BMS were retrospectively evaluated with a study protocol, specially designed for this disease. Patients with local or general disease processes that could cause secondary asymptomatic stomatodynia were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the patients evaluated were women over 60 years of age with oral symptoms, including a sensation of heat and burning, and pain, lasting for months or years, and a history of multiple unsuccessful treatments. The patients showed depression associated with anxiety, with evidence of psychiatric disorders in the family. Based on these findings and eliminating symptomatic painful conditions of the mouth that may stimulate this syndrome, we diagnosed a genuine or basic BMS of psychosomatic origin. Therapies used in the treatment of these neurotic conditions were not always useful. Tranylcypromine associated with anxiolytics and hypnotics in low doses plus the support of psychotherapy by the stomatologist were the most effective treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BMS should be defined as a psychosomatic process causing oral dysesthesias for months or years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Argentina.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grinspan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernández Blanco
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Allevato
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Stengel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic