title: Repair of congenital and acquired pulmonary vein stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital pulmonary vein stenosis is a rare cause of obstruction of pulmonary venous blood flow with a high mortality. Acquired pulmonary vein stenosis is an equally serious condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients (age range, 3 months to 43 years; median age, 1.5 years) underwent surgical relief of pulmonary vein stenosis. Two had congenital pulmonary vein stenosis, 5 had pulmonary vein stenosis that was acquired after surgical treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, and 1 had pulmonary vein stenosis associated with idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis and calcification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One infant died 2 months after correction of acquired pulmonary vein stenosis. At follow-up extending to 16 years (median follow-up, 6.5 years), 6 patients are in New York Heart Association functional class I, and 1 patient is in class II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of the dismal natural history of untreated pulmonary vein stenosis, prompt surgical relief of the stenosis may be a rewarding undertaking.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Son
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Danielson
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Puga
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Driscoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011668:Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease / Q000151:congenital / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome