title: Stress testing with closed-loop arbutamine as an alternative to exercise. The International Arbutamine Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared exercise and pharmacologic stress testing using arbutamine delivered by a closed-loop device for the detection of coronary artery disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Arbutamine, an agent designed to simulate exercise, has been developed in conjunction with a closed-loop delivery device that modulates the rate of administration on the basis of physiologic feedback.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred ten patients (180 men, 30 women) with symptoms and angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease were studied. Ischemia was categorized in three ways: 1) the presence of angina; 2) the occurrence of > or = 0.1-mV horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression or elevation at 60 ms after the J point; or 3) the presence of either condition 1 or 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 210 patients, the mean increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure evoked by arbutamine and exercise was 51 and 53 beats/min (p = NS) and 36 and 44 mm Hg (p < 0.0001), respectively. Arbutamine detected ischemia more often than exercise with each of the three ischemic end points. Sensitivity for detecting ischemia by either angina or ST segment change was 84% (95% confidence interval ¿ change was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI] 79% to 89%) for arbutamine and 75% (95% CI 69% to 81%) for exercise testing (p = 0.014). For angina alone, sensitivity was 73% (95% CI 67% to 79%) for arbutamine and 64% (95% CI 57% to 71%) for exercise (p = 0.026). For ST segment change alone, sensitivity was 47% (95% CI 40% to 54%) for arbutamine and 44% (95% CI 37% to 51%) for exercise (p = 0.426). Cardiac events occurred in five patients (1.8%) within 24 h of the arbutamine test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In detecting documented coronary artery disease, the sensitivity of arbutamine testing was equal to that of exercise for the electrocardiographic end point of ST segment change alone. Arbutamine testing was significantly superior to exercise testing for either ST change or angina or for angina alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Deborah Heart and Lung Center, Browns Mills, New Jersey 08015-1705, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Pool
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Perrins
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mohiuddin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sklar
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kostuk
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Starling
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002395:Catecholamines; C076559:arbutamine