title: Survey of exposure to violence among the children of migrant and seasonal farm workers.
abstract: Numerous children of migrant and seasonal farm workers live in rural areas of our country. The lifestyles and living conditions of farm workers place the children of these families at high risk for many health problems. However, few studies have focused on the emotional and behavioral well-being of these children. This study extends past research by examining the emotional and behavioral health of the children of farm workers in relation to a potentially risky environmental exposure, namely, exposure to violence. In this descriptive study, the extent of violence exposure, including being a witness to and a victim of violence, is examined among 8-11-year-old children of migrant and seasonal farm workers. Potential relationships between sociodemographic factors and violence exposure are examined, and associations between violence exposure and children's emotional and behavioral problems, and weapon carrying behavior are investigated. The results show that more than half of the study children had been exposed to violence, with 46 percent having witnessed violence among others and 19 percent having been the direct victims of violence. There was a fair degree of overlap between having witnessed violence and having been a victim of violence; 13 percent of all study children both witnessed and had been victims of violence, 33 percent only had witnessed violence, and 6 percent only had been victims of violence. Violence exposure was positively related to children's emotional problems, behavioral problems, and weapon carrying behavior. Compared to non exposed children, violence exposed children were eight times more likely to evidence internalizing problems, were six times more likely to evidence externalizing problems, and were four times more likely to carry weapons (specifically, knives or guns).These findings suggest that there is a need for further research on this high-risk population, as well as the need to develop and implement innovative public health interventions for rural children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kupersmidt
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology