title: Evaluation of use of tiletamine/zolazepam for anesthesia of bullfrogs and leopard frogs.
abstract: Use of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride (1:1 fixed ratio combination) as an anesthetic agent in 2 anuran species was studied. A dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight, administered IM, resulted in variable weak tranquilization. Intramuscular administration at dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg induced variable states of tranquilization or anesthesia in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and bullfrogs (R catesbeiana). The dosages of 50 mg/kg induced anesthesia with greater consistency than lower dosages in bullfrogs, but resulted in mortalities. The same dosage was uniformly fatal in leopard frogs. Neither gross nor histologic lesions were identified in the frogs that died. Depth and duration of anesthesia was dosage related. At the 20 and 50 mg/kg dosages, leopard frogs attained a greater depth of anesthesia and remained anesthetized for a significantly greater duration than did bullfrogs; however, at the 5 and 10 mg/kg dosages, bullfrogs developed greater tranquilization for longer periods than did leopard frogs. Results of this study revealed profound intraspecies variation in depth and duration of effect of tiletamine/zolazepam; therefore, the drug does not appear to be a suitable injectable anesthetic in anurans.
authors.affiliation: Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Letcher
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durante
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011892:Rana catesbeiana / Q000502:physiology*; D011894:Rana pipiens / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam
chemical_list: D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam