title: Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relation between endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in the brachial and coronary arteries was determined in the same subjects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of overt atherosclerosis and is important in its pathogenesis. A noninvasive assessment of endothelial function in a peripheral conduit vessel, the brachial artery, was recently described, but the relation between brachial artery function and coronary artery vasodilator function has not been explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 50 patients referred to the catheterization laboratory for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (mean age +/- SD 56 +/- 10 years), the coronary vasomotor response to serial intracoronary infusions of the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/liter), was studied. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was also assessed in the brachial artery by measuring the change in brachial artery diameter in response to reactive hyperemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with coronary artery endothelial dysfunction manifested as vasoconstriction in response to acetylcholine had significantly impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in the brachial artery compared with that of patients with normal coronary endothelial function (4.8 +/- 5.5% vs. 10.8 +/- 7.6%, p < 0.01). Patients with coronary artery disease also had an attenuated brachial artery vasodilator response compared with that of patients with angiographically smooth coronary arteries (4.5 +/- 4.6% vs. 9.7 +/- 8.1%, p < 0.02). By multivariate analysis, the strongest predictors of reduced brachial dilator responses to flow were baseline brachial artery diameter (p < 0.001), coronary endothelial dysfunction (p = 0.003), the presence of coronary artery disease (p = 0.007) and cigarette smoking (p = 0.016). The brachial artery vasodilator response to sublingual nitroglycerin was independent of coronary endothelial responses or the presence of coronary artery disease. The positive predictive value of abnormal brachial dilation ( < 3%) in predicting coronary endothelial dysfunction is 95%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated a close relation between coronary artery endothelium-dependent vasomotor responses to acetylcholine and flow-mediated vasodilation in the brachial artery. This noninvasive method may become a useful surrogate in assessing the predisposition to atherosclerosis in patients with cardiac risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uehata
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gerhard
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Meredith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knab
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delagrange
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ganz
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Creager
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000109:Acetylcholine