title: Clinical profile, comorbidity, and treatment history in 123 hair pullers: a survey study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trichotillomania, characterized by an irresistible urge to pull one's hair, may be more prevalent than previously believed. Despite increasing attention devoted to this topic in the recent literature, there are few studies based on large samples that are potentially generalizable to a community population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys addressing clinical profile, comorbidity, and treatment history were mailed to all responders to a nationally distributed magazine article on trichotillomania. Out of 772 surveys sent, 123 completed surveys were returned.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While there was a predominance of females in the whole sample, female-to-male prevalence was lower in children than adults. Onset was predominantly in childhood (mean age = 11 years), most frequently in middle childhood and least frequently before age 6. Subjects pulled hair from a variety of sites, including scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, pubic region, face, and body, but the highest incidence and severity involved scalp hair. Children under 6 were more likely than other age groups to pull scalp hair and possibly less likely to pull other hair. In adults, symptom profile was not associated with age at onset. While subjects reported high rates of comorbid conditions in both self and family, trichotillomania was reportedly formally diagnosed in only 40% of the subjects. Although subjects reported a range of treatments, the majority (58%) reported no treatment history. Finally, only minimal improvement was reported for all modalities, with no significant difference in response to psychotherapy, behavior therapy, clomipramine, or fluoxetine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trichotillomania is a chronic illness that may be difficult to treat. Controlled studies on comorbidity, epidemiology, treatment-seeking patterns, and long-term treatment response are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simeon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spadaccini
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aronowitz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hollander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003625:Data Collection; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011613:Psychotherapy; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014256:Trichotillomania / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D002997:Clomipramine