title: Neurosyphilis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients: neuroimaging findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and describe the neuroimaging findings of patients with neurosyphilis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The neuroimaging studies of 35 patients with documented neurosyphilis were reviewed. Diagnosis was established in 34 patients with cerebrospinal fluid for a Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test, complemented by autopsy in 1 and brain biopsy in 1. All patients had reactive fluorescent treponemal antibody tests with absorption in their sera. Imaging studies included plain and contrast-enhanced CT of the brain, plain and gadolinium-enhanced MR, MR angiography, and conventional angiography. Imaging findings were also correlated with the relevant pathologic findings at autopsy in three additional patients with neurosyphilis who did not have brain imaging studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 35 patients with imaging studies, 32 tested human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive, and 3 were HIV-seronegative. Eleven (31%) of 35 patients had normal radiographic findings. Cerebral infarctions were seen in 8 (23%) of 35 patients, and nonspecific white matter lesions in 7 (20%) of 35. Cerebral gummas and extraaxial enhancement indicating meningitis were noted in 2 (6%) of 35 patients, respectively. Arteritis was demonstrated in 2 (50%) of 4 patients who underwent either MR angiography or conventional angiography. The 3 subjects who had autopsy but not imaging studies were found to have manifestations of meningovascular syphilis, including syphilitic leptomeningitis and an obliterative endarteritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that findings of vascular occlusive disease manifested as infarction or arteritis, enhancing cortical lesions with or without adjacent meningeal enhancement, focal or diffuse extraaxial enhancement, and white matter disease, although nonspecific, in the proper clinical setting should prompt appropriate testing for neurosyphilis, a treatable disease, in patients with and without HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Miami (Fla) School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Center, USA.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Brightbill
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ihmeidan
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D002542:Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009494:Neurosyphilis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed