title: Renal transplantation in young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the outcome of renal transplantation in small children treated with triple immunosuppression at a single Australian centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all children under the age of five years undergoing renal transplantation from 1988 were reviewed. The duration of follow-up was 30 months (range 18-36).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six children received seven renal allografts (five living-related [LR] and two cadaveric [CD]). They had a median age of 3.75 years (range 1.5-4.9) and weight of 11.6 kg (9.1-14.5) at the time of transplantation. All patients received an immunosuppressive regime involving cyclosporin A, azathioprine and prednisolone. There were no deaths. The only graft lost was a CD graft (severe acute rejection within one week of transplantation). Hypertension occurred in all recipients and usually required more than one antihypertensive drug for treatment. Renal function measured by serum median creatinine concentration (range) was 0.05 mmol/L (0.03-0.11) at three months (n = 6) and 0.10 mmol/L (0.07-0.22) at 30 months (n = 4). Growth estimated from median (range) height standard deviation scores was -1.97 (-1.36-(-4.04)) at three months (n = 6) and -1.90 (-1.74-2.50) at 30 months (n = 4). No patient was entirely weaned from prednisolone. Cyclosporin A side effects included hirsutism (five patients), gingival hyperplasia (six patients) and nephrotoxicity (three patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Satisfactory patient and graft survival can be accomplished in this recipient age group. The results compare with other international experience and accumulating Australian experience. Hypertension and poor skeletal growth were consistent observations. The long-term outcome of renal function using triple immunosuppression remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Burren
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007223:Infant; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone; D001379:Azathioprine