title: Oral contraceptive use after conception in relation to the risk of congenital urinary tract anomalies.
abstract: The authors conducted a case-control study of the relation of OC use after conception to the occurrence of congenital urinary tract anomalies (CUTAs). Singleton CUTA cases with no known chromosomal abnormality from seven counties in western Washington State born during the period January 1, 1990-December 31, 1991 were identified through the Washington State Birth Defect Registry. Controls without birth defects were randomly selected from singleton births that occurred in the same year as the cases in five large hospitals in King County. Mothers of the 118 cases and 369 controls were interviewed to obtain their contraceptive history as well as other information. Mothers of nine cases (7.6%) and eight controls (2.2%) had taken OCs at some time during the pregnancy. After adjustment for birth year and county of maternal residence, OC use after conception was associated with an almost five-fold increased risk of having a baby with a CUTA [odds ratio (OR) = 4.8, 95 percent confidence interval (CI), 1.6-14.1] relative to no contraception at or after conception. Use of other contraceptive methods after conception was not related to the risk of CUTAs. OC use during the 3 or 6 months prior to the conception also was not associated with the risk of CUTAs. Further adjustment for sociodemographic factors, reproductive history, perinatal exposure to exogenous agents, and past OC use did not change the results, nor did restricting the analysis to residents of King County.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Daling
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hickok
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fantel
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D017584:Reproductive History; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral