title: A retinoic acid-responsive element in human midkine gene.
abstract: Midkine is a growth/differentiation factor which is found as a product of a retinoic acid-responsive gene. The 2.3-kb upstream sequence of the human MK gene has cis acting elements which confer retinoic acid-induced expression of fused chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) gene in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. In the 5'-region of the human gene, a sequence resembling the DR5-type retinoic acid-responsive element (AGGTCA-related direct repeats separated by 5 nucleotides) was present in a small block of highly homologous 5'-sequences shared by the human and mouse genes. Deletion of this direct repeat reduced retinoic acid-induced CAT gene expression. The core element in the human gene differs from the consensus sequence of retinoic acid-responsive element in two nucleotides and from the retinoic acid responsive element of the mouse MK gene in one nucleotide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedraza
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D000078792:Midkine; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010920:Placenta; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D000078792:Midkine; D014212:Tretinoin; D004247:DNA; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase