title: Identification of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in human milk and mammary gland epithelial cells.
abstract: Human milk contains cellular and soluble host-protective components. Macrophages in human milk constitute a major cellular component in contrast to those in the peripheral blood. We have investigated a mechanism of local expansion of macrophages in human milk. First, biologically active macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was identified in human milk. The maximal concentrations of M-CSF in human milk were 10- to 100-fold higher than those in the serum. The concentrations of M-CSF in the milk had no correlation with those in the serum. M-CSF was immunohistochemically detected in the epithelial cells of the ducts and alveoli of the mammary gland. In situ hybridization study confirmed the local synthesis of M-CSF in the mammary gland epithelial cells. A possible role of female sex steroids was discussed in the regulation of M-CSF production by mammary gland epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neurology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichijo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D013256:Steroids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013256:Steroids; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor