title: Enzymatic amplification of specific deoxyribonucleic acid sequences from single cells: evaluation of a simplified and rapid method for use in preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a simplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol on single cells for the purpose of preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Also to evaluate a new thermal cycler, RoboCycler 40 (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA), for reducing the time to complete PCR amplification.
  
  
  METHODS
  PCR amplification without DNA purification or reamplification of a 149 base pair (bp) segment of the human Y chromosome was used as a model. The assay was tested in human fetal cells, single lymphocytes and single human blastomeres.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amplification of the 149 bp segment using fetal cells was 100% correct. Results on single lymphocytes were concordant in all but one of the 15 male cases. However, 2 of the 25 female cases were identified as male suggesting the occurrence of DNA contamination. Analysis of 61 blastomeres were concordant in 57 cases (93%); results for male blastomeres showed 12% of false negatives. No false positives were detected for female cells. Amplification using the simplified PCR protocol in combination with the RoboCycler was completed in 2 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that this PCR assay performed directly, without DNA extraction or purification and without re-amplification is a practical and effective approach for amplification of specific DNA sequences in single cells. Furthermore, the simplified PCR protocol significantly reduced the time to complete DNA amplification. The reduced time is expected to facilitate the management of a routine program for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiewe
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Asch
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Balmaceda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moretti-Rojas
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA