title: Psychological states in HIV disease and the nursing response.
abstract: The authors review the four major psychological states of HIV infection as described by Nichols (1985) and adapt these manifestations for use by the nurse in the clinical setting. The states and their likely impacts are described. The diagnostic tools for recognizing the states, assessment questions that help establish the patient's psychological state, and nursing interventions are included.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Regional Education and Training Centers for Texas and Oklahoma, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grimes
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology