title: Selective capacity of glass-wool filtration for the separation of human spermatozoa with condensed chromatin: a possible therapeutic modality for male-factor cases?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate chromatin condensation of human spermatozoa following swim-up compared to glass-wool separation. Semen aliquots from men attending an andrological outpatient clinic were processed by means of a swim-up procedure and glass-wool filtration. Chromatin condensation was recorded using aniline blue staining and results were reported according to color intensity of stained sperm heads. Morphometric measurements of sperm heads were performed on stained sperm samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glass-wool filtration resulted (i) in a significantly higher total motile sperm count (P < 0.0005) compared to swim-up and (ii) in a significantly higher percentage of normal chromatin-condensed spermatozoa compared to the ejaculate (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast, comparing swim-up to the ejaculate, the percentage of matured nuclei (unstained spermatozoa) retrieved following swim-up was significantly lower (P < 0.005). Glass-wool filtration separates human spermatozoa according to motility and size of the sperm head. The size of the sperm head closely correlated with the chromatin condensation quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Henkel
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Franken
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Schill
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002273:Carcinogens; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D002273:Carcinogens; D002843:Chromatin; C023650:aniline