title: Progression of an inductive signal activates sporulation in Dictyostelium discoideum.
abstract: spiA, a marker for sporulation, is expressed during the culmination stage of Dictyostelium development, when the mass of prespore cells has moved partly up the newly formed stalk. Strains containing a full-length spiA promoter/lacZ fusion were stained for beta-galactosidase activity at intervals during development. The results indicate that expression of spiA initiates in prespore cells at the prestalk/prespore boundary (near the apex) and extends downward into the prespore mass as culmination continues. A spatial gradient of staining expands from the top of the prespore mass and intensifies until the front of activation reaches the bottom, whereupon the entire region stains darkly. The spiA promoter can be deleted to within 301 bp of the transcriptional start site with no effect on the relative strength, timing or spatial localization of expression. Further 5' deletions from -301 to -175 reduce promoter strength incrementally, although timing and spatial expression are not affected. Deletions to -159 and beyond result in inactive promoters. Treatment of early developmental structures with 8-Br-cAMP in situ activates the intracellular cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and precociously induces spiA expression and sporulation. The absence of an apparent gradient of staining in these structures suggest that PKA is equivalently activatable throughout the prespore region and that all prespore cells are competent to express spiA. Thus, we postulate that the pattern of expression of spiA reveals the progression of an inductive signal for sporulation and suggest that this signal may originate from the prestalk cells at the apex.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Loomis
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kimmel
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000502:physiology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013172:Spores, Fungal; D001616:beta-Galactosidase
chemical_list: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase