title: Whole-body protein turnover in preterm appropriate for gestational age and small for gestational age infants: comparison of [15N]glycine and [1-(13)C]leucine administered simultaneously.
abstract: Measurements of whole-body protein turnover in preterm infants have been made using different stable isotope methods. Large variation in results has been found, which could be due to different clinical conditions and/or the use of different tracers. We studied 14 appropriate for gestational age and nine small for gestational age orally fed preterm infants using [15N]glycine and [1-(13)C]leucine simultaneously, which allowed us to make a comparison of commonly used methods to calculate whole-body protein turnover. Whole-body protein turnover was calculated from 15N enrichment in urinary ammonia and urea after [15N]-glycine administration and from the 13C enrichment in expired CO2 after administration of [1-(13)C]leucine. Enrichment of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid after [1-(13)C]leucine constant infusion was measured as a direct parameter of whole-body protein turnover. Group means for whole-body protein turnover using [15N]glycine or [1-(13)C]leucine ranged from 10 to 14 g.kg-1.d-1, except when using the end product method that assumes a correlation between leucine oxidation and total nitrogen excretion. We found very low 15N enrichment of urinary urea in the majority of small for gestational age infants. These infants also had a lower nitrogen excretion in urine and oxidized less leucine. Nitrogen balance was higher in small for gestational age infants (416 +/- 25 mg.kg-1.d-1) compared with appropriate for gestational age infants (374 +/- 41 mg.kg-1.d-1, p = 0.003). [15N]Glycine does not seem to exchange its label with the body nitrogen pool to a significant degree and is therefore not always suitable as a carrier for 15N in protein turnover studies in premature infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Academic Hospital Rotterdam/Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Van Goudoever
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sulkers
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Degenhart
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Carnielli
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wattimena
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sauer
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000652:urine; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000378:metabolism*; D007651:Keto Acids / Q000097:blood; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism*; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D007651:Keto Acids; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D011506:Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; C013082:alpha-ketoisocaproic acid; D014508:Urea; D007930:Leucine; D005998:Glycine