title: Variation of electrolaryngographically derived closed quotient for trained and untrained adult female singers.
abstract: The derivation of larynx closed quotient (CQ) measures from the electrolarynogograph output is discussed and data are presented for a group of trained and untrained adult female singers (N = 26) for a sung two-octave G major scale. Statistically significant trends are observed between the trained and untrained groups that suggest for the trained group: (a) CQ tends to be lower for pitches below D4 and higher for pitches above B4, and (b) the gradient [CQ/log(F0)] tends to correlate positively with the number of years singing training/experience. These data are compared with those reported previously for an adult male group, and it is suggested that CQ could be a useful parameter to include in a real-time visual display for singing training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, England.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx; D010699:Phonation; D014833:Voice Quality