title: Detection of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in cancer of the urinary bladder by in situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of "high risk" human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 10 biopsy specimens from male patients of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder for the detection of HPV DNA sequences. Specimens were collected from the Urology Clinic of the K.G. Medical College Hospital, Lucknow, India. Detection of HPV DNA was carried out by tissue in situ hybridisation (a single copy gene localisation method) using 3H-labelled HPV DNA probe and also by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques using primers to HPV 16 upstream regulatory region (URR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 10 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, "high risk" HPV 16 DNA was detected only in one (10%) by using in situ hybridisation whereas two cases (20%) were found to be positive by polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the rare occurrence of HPV in bladder carcinoma may not have a causal relation with the viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Oncology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gopalkrishna
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hedau
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral