title: Conservative surgery without radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with early-stage invasive breast cancer. A review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors determined whether some patients with clinical stage I or II invasive breast cancer can be adequately treated by conservative surgery without radiotherapy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Currently, there are many patients who are being treated in this manner in both academic and community hospitals. This approach is not as effective as either mastectomy or conservative surgery followed by radiotherapy in preventing local recurrence. However, there may be subsets of patients who might be adequately treated by surgery alone with acceptably low recurrence rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed retrospective studies of conservative surgery alone and of randomized trials comparing the results of treatment with and without postoperative radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The local recurrence rate is unacceptably high when random patients are treated with conservative surgery without radiotherapy. More favorable results may be possible when relatively wide excisions are performed on selected postmenopausal patients with small lesions without an extensive intraductal component, lymphatic or blood-vessel invasion, and histologically negative axillary nodes. The role of tamoxifen in reducing the risk of breast recurrence is uncertain. Despite salvage therapy, some individuals may develop disseminated disease as a result of local recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors believe that conducting carefully designed prospective studies of conservative surgery alone is reasonable for patients who are adequately informed of the potential risks of omitting radiation therapy. However, currently, patients should not be treated with conservative surgery alone (without radiotherapy) without such stringent guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Recht
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Houlihan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D013629:Tamoxifen