title: Management of the resistant idiopathic clubfoot: the Kaiser experience from 1980-1990.
abstract: Sixty-three congenital idiopathic clubfeet were clinically and radiographically evaluated following a single Turco-type complete posteromedial soft tissue release with internal fixation. Average age at the time of surgery: 12.4 months; average postoperative follow-up: 67.2 months. A new rating system that weighs dynamic functional results more heavily was used to compare our findings. The results were rated as excellent in 29 feet (46%), good in 15 feet (24%), fair in 8 feet (13%), and poor/failures in 11 feet (17%). Ninety-five percent of the parents were satisfied with the current results, although 59% felt that their child would have physical limitations in the future. Clinical complications included the following residual deformities: hindfoot varus (3.2% or two feet), equinus (3.2% or two feet), cavus (22.2% or 14 feet), and forefoot adductus (41.3% or 26 feet). The bimalleolar axis in the 63 clubfeet averaged 74.9 degrees. No calcaneus gaits were present. Radiographic complications included both over-correction (1.6% or one foot) and under-correction (4.8% or three feet) of the talonavicular joint articulation, avascular necrosis of the navicular, (14.3% or nine feet), talus (4.8% or three feet), and calcaneus (1.6% or one foot). Thirty-three feet (52.4%) revealed some degree of abnormal talar dome flattening, 22 feet (34.9%) revealed navicular dorsal subluxation or "wedging." Only 37 (58.7%) exhibited normal talonavicular joint congruity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, South Sacramento, California, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Blakeslee
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: DeValentine
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000601:surgery; D001864:Bone Wires; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005528:Foot; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013709:Tendon Transfer / Q000379:methods; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery