title: Continuous infusion of clozapine increases mu and delta opioid receptors and proenkephalin mRNA in mouse brain.
abstract: The biochemical mechanisms involved in the actions of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine are still unclear. Because elevated levels of enkephalin in certain areas of the central nervous system may be necessary for antipsychotic activity, we have examined the effect of clozapine on certain receptors and mRNA transcripts involved in the opioid peptidergic system. Clozapine was infused continuously into mice for 21 days and the density of mu and delta opioid receptors was measured in the brains by quantitative receptor autoradiography, and the level of proenkephalin mRNA and dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The results showed that continuous infusion of clozapine increased the density of D1 but not D2 receptors. However, it failed to alter the levels of either D1 or D2 dopamine receptor mRNA. By contrast, clozapine increased the density of mu and delta opioid receptors and increased the levels of proenkephalin mRNA. These results indicate that continuous treatment with clozapine increases opioid peptidergic activity in mouse brain and suggest that alteration of peptidergic activity as well as alteration of dopaminergic activity may be involved in its antipsychotic action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Pennsylvania/EPPI, Philadelphia 19129, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Connell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000235:genetics; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000235:genetics*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004745:Enkephalins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; C029992:proenkephalin; D003024:Clozapine