title: Copper bioavailability in pork liver and in various animal by-products as determined by chick bioassay.
abstract: Three chick experiments were conducted to investigate possible explanations for why pork liver provides no bioavailable Cu to chicks. Autoclaving, acid-hydrolysis, and protease-digestion increased (P < .01) Cu bioavailability in pork liver to 32, 46, and 63%, respectively, from virtually 0% of the Cu in unprocessed pork liver (relative to CuSO4, which was set at 100%). Addition of EDTA at 200 mg/kg to the diet containing 1 mg of Cu/kg from unprocessed pork liver also resulted in an increased (P < .07) Cu bioavailability, to 23%. Tissues representing different sources of endogenous Cu in the pig also were evaluated for their Cu bioefficacy. Freeze-dried (FD) porcine bile did not have any bioavailable Cu, whereas spray-dried porcine plasma contained Cu that was as available (99%) as that in CuSO4. In addition, when FD pork liver or FD porcine bile was added to the basal diet containing .5 mg of Cu/kg from CuSO4, Cu bioavailability in CuSO4 was reduced (P < .05) to 34% and 19%, respectively, of values obtained with CuSO4 alone. An additional experiment was conducted to estimate Cu bioefficacy in selected animal-source feed ingredients. Copper bioavailability in all-beef meat and bone meal, all-pork meat and bone meal, mixed-species meat and bone meal, high-bone meat and bone meal, poultry byproduct meal, and hog hair meal was 4, 53, 28, 8, 42, and 9%, respectively, relative to CuSO4. Feather meal did not provide any bioavailable Cu to chicks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hiney
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001688:Biological Products; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005260:Female; D016014:Linear Models; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis*; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D011202:Poultry Products / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D008903:Minerals; D003300:Copper; C027762:bone meal