title: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for cancer pain: comparison between misoprostol and ranitidine in prevention of upper gastrointestinal damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prophylactic strategy of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced upper gastrointestinal (UGI) damage has largely been studied in arthritic patients, but not in cancer patients. The efficacy of misoprostol and ranitidine in the prevention of gastroduodenal damage in patients taking diclofenac for their cancer pain has been compared in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who needed high-dose (200 to 300 mg/d) diclofenac for cancer pain and without mucosal lesions at baseline gastroduodenal endoscopy were randomized to receive misoprostol (200 micrograms twice daily; M group) or ranitidine (150 mg twice daily; R group). UGI endoscopy was repeated after 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients treated with misoprostol and 26 treated with ranitidine concluded the study. The M group showed a significantly (P < .02) lower incidence of gastroduodenal lesions (two patients; 8.7%) than the R group (10 patients; 38.5%). Gastric ulcers occurred in one (4%) misoprostol-treated patient and in six (23%) ranitidine-treated patients. Six of seven patients with ulcers were asymptomatic. Seventy-one percent and 86% of ulcers occurred in patients older than 60 years and in those who received greater than 3.1 mg/kg of diclofenac, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Misoprostol was significantly more effective than ranitidine in the prevention of gastroduodenal lesions in cancer patients receiving diclofenac.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, CRO-Istituto Nazionale Tumori Centroeuropeo, Aviano, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cannizzaro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poletti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bortolussi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fracasso
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sozzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fornasarig
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bortoluzzi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grazioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D016595:Misoprostol; D004008:Diclofenac; D011899:Ranitidine