title: The loss of retinoblastoma gene in association with c-myc and transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene expression in human bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigate the roles and possible interactions of the retinoblastoma, transforming growth factor-beta 1 and c-myc genes in bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of these 3 genes was examined in 38 biopsy specimens of human bladder cancer by immunohistochemical analysis or Northern blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loss of the retinoblastoma protein expression was most significantly correlated with high grade cancer. Over expression of c-myc or expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 was less associated with tumor grade or stage, although c-myc over expression defined stage Ta against other stage tumors, since no stage Ta lesions had increased c-myc expression. Finally, loss of retinoblastoma gene function did not correlate with either c-myc or transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results further support that retinoblastoma gene inactivation is an important factor in the progression of bladder cancer, and suggest that transforming growth factor-beta 1 and c-myc are not regulators or are not regulated by retinoblastoma gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shuin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Benedict
mesh_terms: D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D016161:Genes, Retinoblastoma / Q000235:genetics*; D016259:Genes, myc / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta