title: Intramuscular ketorolac versus oral ibuprofen in acute musculoskeletal pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of IM ketorolac versus that of oral ibuprofen in acute musculoskeletal pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, prospective, double-blind clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban teaching emergency department with an annual census of 43,000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience sample of 82 patients aged 18 to 70 years with acute musculoskeletal pain due to trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two subjects each received 60 mg ketorolac by IM injection and ingested a placebo capsule. Forty subjects each ingested 800 mg ibuprofen and received a placebo (saline) IM injection. Pain was evaluated with a 100-mm visual analog scale at baseline and 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 minutes after dosing. The prevalence of side effects was elicited in each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean pain scores improved in each group during the course of the study but did not significantly differ between groups at baseline or at any subsequent interval. The numbers of dropouts due to inadequate analgesia and prevalence of side effects in the two groups did not differ significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IM ketorolac and oral ibuprofen provide comparable analgesia in ED patients with acute musculoskeletal pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Turturro
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Seaberg
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007476:Ionophores; D020910:Ketorolac; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007476:Ionophores; D014046:Tolmetin; D007052:Ibuprofen; D020910:Ketorolac