title: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene associations with immunologic subsets of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a failure to down-regulate the usual self-limited gut inflammatory response, suggesting that one or more of the predisposing genes could be those that determine the level of the immune response along the inflammatory pathway. The aim of this study was to examine potential associations of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) gene polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease or subsets of inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighteen patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 130 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) as well as 77 ethnically matched controls were tested for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotide techniques for ICAM-1 polymorphisms at codon 241 (exon 4) and codon 469 (exon 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between all patients with UC, patients with CD, and controls in either polymorphism. However, when stratified by ANCA status, ANCA-negative UC showed a significantly increased frequency of allele R241 compared with ANCA-positive UC (16.0% vs. 6.6%; P = 0.047, Fisher's Exact Test). In contrast, it was ANCA-positive CD that had an increased allele frequency compared with ANCA-negative CD (19.6% vs. 8.4%; P = 0.027, Fisher's Exact Test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the codon 241 polymorphism is in a functionally important domain III of ICAM-1, we may have identified an actual responsible genetic variation for genetically heterogeneous subsets of both UC and CD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Targan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Beaudet
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rotter
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D003062:Codon; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1