title: Local anaesthetic on Filshie clips for pain relief after tubal sterilisation: a randomised double-blind controlled trial.
abstract: Pain during tubal sterilisation is thought to be due to either ischaemia or pressure at the site of impact of sterilising devices on the fallopian tubes. We have evaluated the effectiveness of an application of 2% lignocaine gel to Filshie clips to relieve postoperative pain. In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study, 80 healthy women undergoing tubal sterilisation under general anaesthesia at the County Hospital, Lincoln, UK, were allocated to be sterilised by Flishie clips covered with 2% lignocaine gel or K-Y gel as placebo. Pelvic pain was assessed, with a 100 mm visual analogue scale, at 1 hour, at hospital discharge, and time of first analgesia or any other time analgesia was demanded. The lignocaine-treated group had significantly longer time to first analgesia, less pain at 1 hour, less nausea and vomiting, and shorter recovery time. Fewer lignocaine-treated patients needed additional analgesia and they required fewer opioids. There was no case of failed sterilisation or adverse reaction to lignocaine. The application of local anaesthetic gel to Filshie clips is a safe, non-invasive, and effective method of relieving postoperative pain during laparoscopic tubal sterilisation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, County Hospital, Lincoln, UK.
authors.forename: U O
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: Ezeh
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Shoulder
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Breeson
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Vellacott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003501:Cyclizine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008528:Mefenamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010351:Patient Discharge; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010919:Placebos; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D010919:Placebos; D004008:Diclofenac; D008528:Mefenamic Acid; D009020:Morphine; D008012:Lidocaine; D003501:Cyclizine