title: Umbilical venous catheters: evaluation of radiographs to determine position and associated complications of malpositioned umbilical venous catheters.
abstract: To evaluate the ability of radiography to detect malpositioned umbilical venous catheters in the left atrium and to determine the frequency of associated complications, we retrospectively compared radiographs and echocardiograms of 31 infants who had malpositioned catheters in the left atrium by echocardiography (cases) and 31 infants who had properly positioned catheters (controls). The case and control infants were of similar gestational age and birthweight (gestational age, 32 +/- 5 weeks; birthweight, 1672 +/- 899 g for cases; gestational age, 31 +/- 5 weeks; birthweight, 1666 +/- 958 g for controls). Malposition was defined as the catheter tip above the seventh thoracic vertebra by radiography. Radiography had sensitivity of 45%, specificity of 87%, positive predictive value of 77%, negative predictive value of 61%, accuracy of 66%, and prevalence of 50%. Thrombus formation in the heart was detected in 8 of 31 (26%) of cases and in 1 of 31 (3%) of controls (p = 0.03). The incidence of complications, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, culture-positive sepsis, total number of sepsis cases, thrombocytopenia, embolism to extremities, and hematuria were similar in both groups (difference not significant). These results suggest that radiography is unreliable in determining incorrect catheter placement. Catheters malpositioned in the left atrium were associated with thrombus formation. There was no significant increase in systemic complications in the infants with a malpositioned catheter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center of Delaware, Newark 19718, USA.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Raval
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Pearlman
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stefano
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004452:Echocardiography; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006325:Heart Atria; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014471:Umbilical Veins