title: Randomized phase III trial of edatrexate versus methotrexate in patients with metastatic and/or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and Neck Cancer Cooperative Group study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compared the response rates and the toxicity of the new antifolate edatrexate (EDX) with that of methotrexate (MTX) in a randomized trial in patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCC) and to compare the durations of response and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred seventy-three patients with SCC were randomized to receive either EDX or MTX as a weekly intravenous (IV) bolus injection. Doses of EDX were initially 80 mg/m2/wk, but because of the toxicity, this was later reduced to 70 mg/m2/wk. MTX was administered at a dose of 40 mg/m2/wk throughout. In both arms, two dose increments of 10% were scheduled in case of no toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 264 eligible patients, 131 were treated with EDX and 133 with MTX. There were five treatment-related deaths: four on EDX and one on MTX. Overall, toxicity was similar in both arms; however, stomatitis, skin toxicity, and hair loss were more pronounced on the EDX arm. The overall response rate was 21% (six complete responses [CRs] and 21 partial responses [PRs]) for EDX and 16% (nine CRs and 12 PRs) for MTX (P = .392). Responses were mainly seen in patients with locoregional disease. Tumors that originated from the hypopharynx responded poorly in comparison to tumors from other sites. The median duration of response was 6.1 months for EDX and 6.4 months for MTX (log-rank P = .262). There was no difference in overall or progression-free survival. The median survival duration was 6 months on both treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both EDX and MTX are moderately active against SCC. In this large phase III study, response rates, time to treatment failure, and overall survival appeared to be similar for both antifolates. However, EDX had more side effects than MTX and therefore cannot be recommended for routine palliative treatment of patients with SCC.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schornagel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: de Mulder
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cognetti
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Vermorken
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cappelaere
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Armand
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wildiers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Graeff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clavel
mesh_terms: D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality; D000630:Aminopterin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C040210:edatrexate; D000630:Aminopterin; D008727:Methotrexate