title: Is one testicular specimen sufficient for quantitative evaluation of spermatogenesis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether quantitative analysis performed on one testicular specimen is adequate for quantitative evaluation of spermatogenic process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of quantitative analysis of spermatogenic cell types in testicular cytologic aspirates of various sites of each testis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In each aspirate, a total of 500 Sertoli cells and cells at each of the spermatogenic stages were identified, counted, and grouped according to cell type. A quantitative cell type index was calculated for each type of cell in each aspirate. Mean cell type indexes then were calculated for each of the cell types in the three aspirates of each patient, and variations of a given sample from its mean were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Azoospermic or severely oligospermic infertile men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fine needle aspiration performed on the upper, middle, and lower poles of each testis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each of the aspirates showed wide deviations from the mean of the three aspirates for that patient. The deviation ranges of the cell type indexes of each of the spermatogenic stages were as follows: spermatogonia, 0.8% to 200%; spermatocytes, 1.4% to 94.3%; spermatids, 2.9% to 200%; and spermatozoa, 0.7% to 128%. In the majority of the patients, at least one of the three aspirates showed a cell type index score that was statistically different from the others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that more than one testicular specimen is needed to evaluate quantitatively the spermatogenic process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cytology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gottschalk-Sabag
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Folb-Zacharow
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zukerman
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000503:physiopathology; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*