title: Postoperative toxic shock syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors for postoperative toxic shock syndrome (PTSS), a rare, rapidly progressive, and potentially fatal syndrome associated with postoperative wound infections. Components of PTSS include fever, rash, desquamation, hypotension, and multisystem organ dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of all cases of PTSS occurring in 2 community hospitals from 1981 to 1993, following 390,000 surgical procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 12 cases of PTSS among the procedures reviewed (0.003%). Orthopedic procedures included excision of accessory navicular and patellar realignment. Wounds ranged from those with scant superficial exudates to those with gross purulence; all cultures yielded Staphylococcus aureus. All tested isolates were susceptible to methicillin or cephalothin. Mean time from surgery to onset of symptoms was 4 days. All patients had sudden onset of fever; mean maximal temperature was 40 degrees C. All patients displayed a rash, most in a truncal "sunburn" pattern. Eleven of 12 patients desquamated. All patients required vigorous fluid resuscitation. All patients survived. No correlation could be demonstrated between PTSS and patient age, sex, preoperative skin preparation or antibiotics, members of surgical team, or duration of procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early recognition and treatment of PTSS are essential. No risk factors for PTSS have been identified. PTSS should be considered in the postoperative, acutely febrile, systemically ill patient, though surgical wounds may be deceptively benign in appearance.
authors.affiliation: Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009985:Orthopedics; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents