title: In vivo vertical forces on implants.
abstract: Vertical forces applied to dental implants during oral functions have not been quantified precisely. The key problem has been the lack of suitable measuring devices. This article introduces a new technique for placing a transducer directly in the implant without any increase in vertical dimension. Results were compared to loads applied to teeth. Implants in the molar position that were fixed to a premolar with a prosthesis withstood maximum vertical forces of 60 to 120 N during chewing. Single molars and premolars carried maximum vertical forces of 120 to 150 N. Clenching in centric occlusion caused a load level of approximately 50 N for both natural and artificial abutments. Occlusal prematurities on the implant restoration that were less than 200 microns in height showed no significant increase of the implant load level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Aachen University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D001732:Bite Force; D015921:Dental Implants; D003769:Dental Occlusion, Traumatic / Q000517:prevention & control; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014160:Transducers, Pressure; D014716:Vertical Dimension
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants