title: Infections caused by erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: incidence, risk factors, and response to therapy in a prospective study.
abstract: To evaluate the incidence and the significance of resistance to erythromycin among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, we identified and prospectively followed all hospitalized patients in a 27-month period who had the organism isolated from any clinical sample. Patients who had an infection caused by pneumococci resistant to erythromycin (minimum inhibitory concentration, > 1 microgram/mL) were compared to those with infections caused by erythromycin-susceptible organisms. The incidence of erythromycin resistance among pneumococci doubled over the study period (from 7.6% in 1988 to 15.2% in 1992). Most strains (94%) showed resistance to multiple antibiotics, including other macrolides. By multivariate analysis, an age of < 5 years and nosocomial acquisition of the infection were independent risk factors for erythromycin resistance. Among patients with pneumococcal pneumonia caused by erythromycin-resistant organisms, 9 patients treated with third-generation cephalosporins were cured, while therapy with erythromycin failed for 2 of the 6 patients to whom it was administered. The rapid and significant increase of erythromycin resistance among clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae points to the need for routine surveillance of pneumococcal resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: García-Leoni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cercenado
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bernaldo de Quirós
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004917:Erythromycin