title: The immunization of children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The impact of different strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of different interventions to increase measles vaccination coverage among preschool children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Public health intervention trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six volunteer WIC sites in New York City.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 12 to 59 months presenting for WIC certification between April 1 and September 30, 1991, who were eligible for measles vaccination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two WIC sites were assigned at random to one of three immunization strategies: (1) escort: child was escorted to a nearby pediatric clinic for immunization; (2) voucher incentive: the family returned monthly, rather than every 2 months, to pick up WIC food vouchers until the child was immunized; or (3) referral: the family was passively referred for immunization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of eligible children receiving measles vaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of children eligible for measles immunization, 74% (618/836) were immunized. Children at escort sites were 5.5 times (relative risk [RR] = 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7 to 8.1) and those at voucher incentive sites were 2.9 times (RR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.9 to 4.5) more likely to be immunized than children at referral sites. Children were immunized more rapidly at escort sites (median, 14 days) and voucher incentive sites (median, 26 days) than at referral sites (median, 45 days; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both escort and voucher incentive models resulted in more children being immunized more rapidly than passive referral. Because of ease of administration, voucher incentives may be a more suitable immunization intervention for use at WIC sites, with addition of escort where feasible.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12237, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Birkhead
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: LeBaron
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Grabau
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barr-Gale
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuhrman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hadler
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D009042:Motivation; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009519:New York City; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D011204:Poverty Areas; D014504:Urban Health; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D008458:Measles Vaccine