title: Oro-facial pain distribution in the Singapore Armed Forces: a pilot study.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to obtain information on the pain distribution in 140 consecutive patients referred to a Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and Craniofacial pain clinic from January 1992 to April 1994 via questionnaire, oral history and clinical examination. A cross-sectional study of 130 patients in the general military population was also done to serve as a control and to obtain initial data on the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD in the SAF. The control was age and sex matched with the TMD patient sample. The data showed that the "TMD patient" infrequently presented with temporomandibular joint pain alone. Neck pain, shoulder pain, ear ache and headaches were found quite frequently in addition to masticatory muscle tenderness and should be checked for in any TMD patient. Initial findings support the recommendation that the routine palpation of the styloid regions be included in any clinical screening protocol for patients presenting with head, neck and oro-facial pains. A history of macrotrauma and parafunctional habits were also important. Interesting observations relating to the TMD patients in the SAF are briefly described and discussed and there is a need to further explore the correlation between certain SAF vocations and TMD.
authors.affiliation: Head Dental Service, Singapore Armed Forces, Tanglin.
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*