title: [Cerebrovascular emergencies: difficulties and errors in diagnosing various stroke types].
abstract: The frequency of and reasons for errors in diagnosing various types of cerebrovascular disease at the emergency room of National Cheng Kung University Hospital were analyzed in 548 consecutive patients from January to December 1990. Each patient was evaluated by neurological residents and a bedside diagnosis was made on the basis of history-taking, physical examination, and diagnostic reasoning. The emergency diagnosis was made after finishing the radiological and/or laboratory investigations. The tentative emergency diagnosis of each patient was judged as correct or not by comparison with the final diagnosis, which was based on either the results of specific investigation or on the typical cerebrovascular syndrome ascertained by the attending physicians if the specific investigation was not helpful. If the tentative emergency diagnosis had been judged to be wrong, the cause for the misdiagnosis was determined by reviewing the records of the entire diagnostic process. The diagnosis in the emergency setting was erroneous in 131 (24%) patients. Primary intraventricular hemorrhage, cerebral venous thrombosis and subarachnoid hemorrhage were frequently misdiagnosed as compared with other types of stroke. The explored reasons for diagnostic inaccuracy were: inadequate basic data (46%), reasoning errors (38%), and lack of fundamental knowledge (16%). These results implied that the education and training for diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage in emergency should be enhanced. Deeply comatose states caused diagnostic difficulties in data collection. Diagnostic errors were frequently encountered in unusual stroke or stroke with atypical presentations. To increase diagnostic ability in cerebrovascular emergencies, residents should strive to improve interview and examination skills and reasoning discipline. Modern technology is not a panacea for diagnostic difficulties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male