title: Depression prevalence and incidence among inner-city pregnant and postpartum women.
abstract: A sample of 192 financially impoverished, inner-city women was assessed for clinical depression twice during pregnancy and once postpartum. At the first and second antepartum interviews, respectively, 27.6% and 24.5% of the women were depressed, controlling for pregnancy-related somatic symptoms. Postpartum depression was found among 23.4% of women. These rates are about double those found for middle-class samples. Particularly heightened risk for antepartum depression was found among single women who did not have a cohabiting partner. African American and European American women did not differ in rates of depression. Antepartum depression was a weak but significant risk factor for postpartum depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Ohio 44242, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hobfoll
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavin
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hulsizer
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015146:Midwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*