title: Alteration of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in a high fraction of hormone refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the role of p53 tumor suppressor gene alteration in prostate cancer progression by demonstrating a difference in abnormal p53 findings between early and hormone refractory disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included p53 immunohistochemistry of 26 archival transurethral resection specimens from patients with radiation recurrent and hormone refractory disease, 27 untreated primary tumors and 8 untreated metastatic lesions. p53 mutation analysis of tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from microdissected specimens was done by cold single strand conformational polymorphism and DNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated p53 protein was present in 16 of 17 hormone refractory specimens (94%), 4 of 8 untreated metastatic tumors (50%) and 6 of 27 primary untreated tumors (22%). DNA analysis of representative specimens with elevated p53 confirmed p53 gene alterations in 9 of 11 cases (82%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed a clear progression of increased p53 alteration from untreated primary to hormone refractory disease (p < 0.00005).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Heidenberg
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Sesterhenn
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gaddipati
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weghorst
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Buzard
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moul
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm