title: Fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: Removal of the gallbladder with commencement of dissection at the fundus is well recognized as a safe technique during difficult "open" cholecystectomy because it minimizes the risks of damage to the structures in or around Calot's triangle. We report here the routine employment of liver retractors and fundus-first dissection during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) as an alternative to techniques previously described. Retraction of the liver and "fundus-first" dissection was used in 53 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecytectomy. There were 16 male and 37 female patients. Seven were operations performed during an acute admission and 20 had moderate or severe adhesions involving the gallbladder. Thirteen patients had a preexisting abdominal incision. The procedure was successful in 52 patients (98%), but in one patient it was converted to open operation because of dense adhesions. Median duration of operation was 90 min (range 35-240 min). There was no mortality and two complications (persistent right upper quadrant pain for 2 weeks after operation and bile leakage from the gallbladder bed). The facility to retract the liver and carry out a fundus-first dissection extends techniques developed for "open" surgery into the laparoscopic arena. It offers the surgeon the safety and versatility during laparoscopic cholecystectomy that it confers during conventional open surgery.
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, Division of Surgery, General Infirmary at Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dexter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Firullo
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000601:surgery; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors