title: Vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) is strongly expressed in the normal male genital tract and is present in substantial quantities in semen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular permeability factor (VPF) is a potent inducer of microvascular hyperpermeability and stimulates endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis. This study examines expression of VPF in the male genital tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vascular permeability factor in seminal plasma was quantified by immunoassay. Vascular permeability factor mRNA and protein expression in tissue were studied by situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All seminal plasmas studied contained high levels of VPF. Prostatic and seminal vesicle epithelium labeled strongly for VPF mRNA and protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strong expression of VPF in prostate and seminal vesicle and the high concentration of VPF in semen suggest an important role for this cytokine in male fertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berse
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgentaler
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry*; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors