title: Optimal sites for forehead oscillometric blood pressure monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blood pressure is usually measured noninvasively with a cuff on the arm of the leg. Circumstances exist, however, when an alternative site for blood pressure measurement is desirable. This study is designed to identify a location on the forehead where blood pressure can be reliably measured noninvasively.
  
  
  METHODS
  We mapped the superficial temporal artery and/or the supraorbital artery in 65 volunteers and found a rectangular area where an adhesive pressure pad could be placed over each artery. Oscillometric signals were recorded from four different locations over the forehead in 19 of the 65 volunteers to compare the amplitude of the signal and mean blood pressure between locations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The course of the supraorbital artery is quite consistent. It passed through a 2.5- x 1-cm rectangular area on the forehead in all volunteers in which it was mapped. The medial border of the rectangle is 0.5-cm medial and 1-cm above the medial corner of the left eyebrow. The course of the superficial temporal artery differed remarkably from person to person. We could not find an area of reasonable size to cover the artery in all wounds. Mean blood pressures were the same in all forehead locations. The signal was the weakest on the center of the forehead and strongest directly over the superficial temporal artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the supraorbital artery, an end-artery of the internal carotid artery, which emerges through the supraorbital foramen and cross the forehead near the center, is the preferred site to monitor blood pressure noninvasively on the forehead with an adhesive pressure bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Egbert
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Westenskow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015924:Blood Pressure Monitors; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply; D009991:Oscillometry / Q000379:methods*; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology