title: Progesterone co-administration in patients discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine therapy: effects on withdrawal severity and taper outcome.
abstract: Since recent research has suggested that the major metabolites of progesterone are barbiturate-like modulators of GABAergic function, we undertook a pilot study of the efficacy of micronized progesterone in attenuating withdrawal and facilitating discontinuation in benzodiazepine-dependent patients with a minimum of 1 year of continuous daily use. Forty-three patients taking a mean daily dose of 16.2 mg of diazepam (or its equivalent) were assigned, doubleblind, to treatment with either placebo (n = 13) or progesterone (n = 30). Progesterone was titrated to a mean daily dose of 1983 mg, and was co-administered for 3 weeks, after which the benzodiazepine was tapered by 25% per week. Progesterone (or placebo) was then continued for 4 weeks before being discontinued. There was no progesterone versus placebo difference in the severity of taper withdrawal. Withdrawal checklist change scores were 17.3 for progesterone and 16.5 for placebo (F 0.63; df 2.31; n.s.), and the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety change scores were 7.8 for progesterone and 6.3 for placebo (F 0.22; df 2.30; n.s.). There was no difference in ability to remain drug-free at 12 weeks post-taper, with 57% of progesterone-treated patients, and 58% of placebo-treated patients having a successful outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garcia-Espana
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Greenblatt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rickels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines; D011374:Progesterone