title: The toothpick method in relation to other plaque sampling techniques for evaluating mutans streptococci.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare the use of toothpicks with other sampling methods for determination of mutans streptococci on different tooth surfaces. In nine persons with > 10(5) CFU per ml saliva of mutans streptococci, plaque samples were taken from 90 buccal and lingual surfaces, 108 occlusal surfaces and 90 approximal surfaces with toothpicks. The prevalence of mutans streptococci on these tooth surfaces was compared with samples taken at four 1-week intervals on the same tooth surfaces with a carver (buccal/lingual surfaces), a needle (occlusal surfaces) or a dental floss (approximal surfaces). Each sample was plated on MSB agar and the presence of mutans streptococci was expressed on a scale varying from 0 to 4. On two of the sampling occasions the amount of plaque, mirrored by total viable counts on blood agar, was also determined. Only for buccal/lingual plaque samples was a difference in total counts between methods noted and then with higher total recoveries obtained after sampling with toothpicks. More surfaces were found to be positive for mutans streptococci when samples were taken with a toothpick than with a carver, needle or floss. On surfaces positive for mutans streptococci the colonization score was higher in samples taken with a toothpick than with a carver or a needle while samples taken with a floss showed a tendency to higher levels of mutans streptococci than samples collected with a toothpick. The data indicate that the results indicate that the results obtained by using toothpicks for evaluating the prevalence of mutans streptococci on individual tooth surfaces compare favorably with the other methods tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Odontology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wennerholm
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Emilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification*