title: An experimental approach to the design of a scattering system for a proton therapy beam line dedicated to ophthalmological applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The development of a scattering system for a proton therapy beam line dedicated to ophthalmological applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A protontherapy beam line has been developed for the treatment of uveal melanoma at the Orsay synchrocyclotron. The original 200 MeV proton beam is degraded to 76 MeV and the final beam characteristics (range, modulation, flatness, collimation) are obtained with beam modifiers in the treatment room. A passive scattering system is used to obtain a uniform dose distribution in the beam cross-section throughout 30 mm in diameter, with minimal losses in energy and dose rate. We have used an experimental approach for the scattering study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An elliptical ring shaped from 0.1-mm thick lead is the solution we have adopted for the scattering system. For a modulated beam, a flatness of 1% is obtained on transverse profiles. The energy loss introduced by this scatterer is only 0.5 MeV, with no appreciable change in the range over the treatment field. For an unmodulated beam, 21% of intensity is lost when the scatterer is used. The distal and the lateral dose fall-off (90-10%) for a modulated beam are 2.6 mm. These last values are independent of the range and the modulation currently used for the ophthalmic applications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A specific passive scattering system can be adapted to a particular beam emittance. A systematic experimental approach can easily be undertaken to obtain the scatterer adapted for small irradiation fields in proton therapy.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nauraye
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delacroix
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bridier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chavaudra
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rosenwald
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D061766:Proton Therapy; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D011522:Protons