title: Effects of ground flaxseed in swine diets on pig performance and on physical and sensory characteristics and omega-3 fatty acid content of pork: I. Dietary level of flaxseed.
abstract: Forty-eight barrows and gilts were fed diets containing 0 (CO), 5, 10, or 15% ground flaxseed (FS) for the final 25 d before slaughter. Flaxseed treatments did not affect any production or carcass traits (P > .10). No pork processing problems due to lack of firmness were encountered. Amounts (milligrams/gram of tissue) of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA [18:3n-3]) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA [20:5n-3]) increased (P < .01) in both backfat layers and ALA increased (P < .01) in kidney (leaf) fat after FS. Alpha-linolenic acid and EPA increased (P < .001) in the raw belly in response to FS; the effect was maintained throughout processing (P < .01) to microwaved bacon. Alpha-linolenic acid and EPA increased (P < .01, P < .05, respectively) with amount of FS in longissimus thoracis and liver. In the brain, DHA decreased (P < .05) with amount of FS. Trained panelists in triangle tests were able to identify bacon from pigs fed 10 and 15% flaxseed. Panelists could not identify various treatments in the loin tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007-0392, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Romans
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wulf
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Libal
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Costello
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003296:Cooking; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000592:standards*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005123:Eye / Q000737:chemistry; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D012639:Seeds; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid