title: Coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions with bridging collateral vessels: immediate and follow-up outcome from a large single-center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of bridging collateral vessels on the success of coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions in the context of state of the art technology and operator skill.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions has been associated with relatively low success rates. Because the presence of bridging collateral vessels in chronic total occlusion has been reported to be the major predictive factor in procedural failure, angioplasty is often not recommended in patients with such vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred ninety-seven consecutive patients undergoing coronary angioplasty for chronic total occlusion were classified into two groups. Patients in group I had chronic total occlusion with bridging collateral vessels (97 patients, 109 total occlusions), and patients in group II had chronic total occlusion without such vessels (300 patients, 324 total occlusions).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD duration of occlusion was 46 +/- 66 months (range 2 to 170) in group I and 27 +/- 39 months (range 2 to 112) in group II (p < 0.05, high power value 0.83, group I vs. group II). Angioplasty for single-vessel disease was performed in a smaller proportion of patients in group I than in group II (22% vs. 36%, p < 0.05; power value 0.77). Procedural success was achieved in 82 chronic total occlusions in group I and 270 chronic total occlusions in group II (75% vs. 83%, p = 0.07; power value 0.53). The rates of restenosis and reocclusion were 54% and 16%, respectively, for group I and 56% and 13%, respectively, for group II (p = 0.76, 0.46; power value 0.51, 0.47). Complications were minor with no Q wave infarction or requirement for urgent bypass surgery in either group. Of 81 patients with unsuccessful coronary angioplasty, 1 patient from group I (1%) and 3 patients from group II (1%) required pericardiocentesis because of cardiac tamponade. Guide wire manipulation did not impair the flow of bridging collateral channels in group I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coronary angioplasty can open chronic total occlusions, with or without bridging collateral channels, for safe and effective recanalization without major complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nariyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otsuji
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tateyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohsawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome