title: Mechanism and timing of nasopharyngeal closure during swallowing and belching.
abstract: The mechanism(s) of nasopharyngeal closure (NPC) and its temporal relationship with other biomechanical events during swallowing and belching were studied in seven healthy volunteers, aged 26-39 yr, by concurrent videoendoscopic, videofluoroscopic, and manometric technique. Analysis of the videoendoscopic recordings showed that deglutitive NPC consisted of elevation of the soft palate and adduction of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Videofluoroscopy identified only the palatal elevation clearly. During belching, however, only palatal elevation occurred. Deglutitive NPC ranged between 0.73 and 0.94 s (0.8 +/- 0.04 SE), with a tendency to be longer with larger swallowed volumes. Onset of NPC was identified earlier endoscopically than as seen fluoroscopically. Complete NPC preceded the arrival of barium bolus into the pharynx, and this pattern was seen for all volumes tested. Manometric onset of upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxation was seen before the onset of NPC, but the physical opening of the UES as seen fluoroscopically occurred after complete closure of the nasopharynx. We conclude the following: 1) The mechanism of NPC during swallowing and belching is different. During swallowing, NPC has two tiers of closure, palatal elevation and superior pharyngeal muscle adduction; during belching only palatal elevation occurs. 2) NPC is tightly coordinated with other biomechanical events during swallowing and belching.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin Dysphagia Institute, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arndorfer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D004724:Endoscopy; D004884:Eructation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010159:Palate / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture; D014741:Video Recording