title: Transurethral ultrasonographic assessment of bladder carcinoma: its value and limitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assess the value and limitation of transurethral ultrasonography in the diagnostic evaluation of bladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 115 patients underwent the procedure, either at the same setting as transurethral resection (76) or 2 weeks before radical cystectomy (39). The results were compared with the pathological findings of transurethral and cystectomy specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlation between transurethral ultrasonography and pathological staging was 100% in tumors without muscle invasion (stages Ta and T1), 95.7% and 96.8% in muscle invasive tumors (stages T2 and T3a, respectively), and 70% in tumors with extravesical spread.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transurethral ultrasonography is most valuable in determining the stage of tumor confined to the bladder wall. Also, it is of value in detecting tumors in a diverticulum, and monitoring the distensibility of the bladder wall and transurethral resection of disease. The main limitations are the inabilities to discriminate between stages Ta and T1 tumors, and to detect involvement of the pelvic lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koraitim
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Metwalli
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zaky
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D014521:Urethra; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology