title: General cognitive ability following unilateral and bilateral fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue transplantation for treatment of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To contrast the neuropsychological profiles of Parkinsonian patients, before and after fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series of personally examined patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were evaluated by neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuropsychologists as outpatients at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal mesencephalic tissue was implanted in the right caudate nucleus of three patients and both nuclei of one patient. These patients were evaluated prior to surgery and at 12, 24, and 26 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis of the test battery identified four statistically orthogonal test clusters. No statistically significant changes were identified postoperatively for clusters assessing verbal cognitive ability, nonverbal cognitive ability, and information-processing speed. An improvement of verbal memory cluster index was observed 12 months after surgery, and the improvement reached the level of statistical significance at 24 months after surgery. However, the verbal memory of all patients declined between 24 and 36 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal tissue transplantation to one or both caudate nuclei did not permanently arrest cognitive dysfunction. Although there is some evidence of improved cognitive ability after transplantation, it is improbable that normal cognitive function can be restored by this procedure because the impairments of cognitive ability associated with Parkinson's disease do not appear to originate solely from dopamine deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Yale Neural Transplant Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sass
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westerveld
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farhi
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naftolin
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leranth
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016380:Brain Tissue Transplantation; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000637:transplantation; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000637:transplantation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*