title: Arbutamine stress thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography using a computerized closed-loop delivery system. Multicenter trial for evaluation of safety and diagnostic accuracy. The International Arbutamine Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of arbutamine when used in conjunction with thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in a multicenter trial and to compare arbutamine stress and treadmill exercise thallium-201 SPECT for diagnostic sensitivity and myocardial perfusion pattern.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Arbutamine is a potent beta-agonist developed specifically for pharmacologic stress testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arbutamine was administered by a novel computerized closed-loop device that measures heart rate and adjusts arbutamine infusion to achieve a selected rate of heart rate increase toward a predetermined limit. The cohort included 184 patients who underwent arbutamine stress testing, of whom 122 (catheterization group) had angiographically defined coronary artery disease ( > or = 50% diameter stenosis of a major coronary artery), and 62 had a low pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease (low likelihood group). A subset of 69 patients from the catheterization group underwent both arbutamine and exercise stress testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodynamic responses during arbutamine and exercise stress testing demonstrated no significant difference in percent increase in heart rate (81% vs. 76%) or systolic blood pressure (26% vs. 30%). The sensitivity for detecting coronary artery disease ( > or = 50% stenosis) using arbutamine thallium-201 SPECT was 87% (95% for detecting > or = 70% stenoses), and the normalcy rate in the low likelihood group was 90%. In patients completing both arbutamine and exercise stress testing, thallium-201 SPECT sensitivity for detecting coronary artery disease ( > or = 50% stenosis) was 94% and 97% (p = NS), respectively Furthermore, SPECT segmental visual score agreement (defect vs. no defect) showed a concordance of 92% between arbutamine and exercise results (kappa 0.80, p < 0.001). The stress thallium-201 SPECT segmental scores showed 83% exact agreement (kappa 0.69, p < 0.001), and analysis of the reversibility of segments with stress perfusion defects demonstrated 86% exact agreement (kappa 0.68, p < 0.001). In general, side effects associated with arbutamine were well tolerated and resolved with discontinuation of infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arbutamine, administered by a closed-loop feed-back system was shown to be a safe and effective pharmacologic stress agent. Arbutamine stress thallium-201 SPECT appears to be accurate for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease with a diagnostic efficacy similar to that of treadmill exercise thallium-201 studies.
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiat
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Iskandrian
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Starling
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Berman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002395:Catecholamines; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; C076559:arbutamine