title: Effects of intravenous ketamine on gastrointestinal motility in the dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this trial was to clarify the effects of intravenous ketamine at anaesthetic and sub-anaesthetic dosages on gastrointestinal motility.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 beagles (group 1: 3 mg/ketamine/kg/h, n = 10; group 2: 30 mg ketamine/kg/h, n = 10), were investigated. Gastric emptying (nuclide gastric emptying studies, liquid and semi-solid test meal), intestinal transit time (Hydrogen breath test with lactulose) and intestinal motor function (perfusion manometry with 8 measuring ports) were determined. As a control condition, the tests were performed on all dogs in the two groups during infusion of physiological saline solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in the motility patterns were present between 3 mg ketamine/kg/h and the control condition. For group 2, a moderately significant (p < 0.05) increase in the interdigestive motility index was observed for 30 mg ketamine/kg/h. However, this did not change the transit criteria. There was no significant difference between ketamine and control condition tests with regard to cycle and phase lengths or the propagation rate of the activity front.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that ketamine provokes no basic changes in gastrointestinal motility, at either sub-anaesthetic doses. It can therefore be used to advantage in the continuous postoperative analgesia of intensive care patients, where repeated interventions are necessary and no cardiopulmonary contraindications are present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fass
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bares
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hermsdorf
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schumpelick
mesh_terms: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001944:Breath Tests; D004285:Dogs; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004435:Eating; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007792:Lactulose / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007792:Lactulose; D007649:Ketamine