title: [Acute cerebrovascular accident and heart disease. Prospective study of 248 patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the heart disease associated to different type and sub-types of cerebrovascular disease with particular reference to potential cardiac sources of embolus (CPE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study in 248 consecutive patients with acute stroke, admitted to a Clinical Medicine Unit in three independent time periods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Internal Medicine Clinic of University Hospital in Lisbon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurologic and cardiologic examination were performed and all patients were also submitted to different complementary tests, including a Computer Tomography Scan of the brain (TAC) and a Echocardiogram (ECO). We identified two types and two sub-types: intracerebral haemorrhage (HI) or ischemic stroke (AI) and among AI, cortical (C) or subcortical (SC) ischemic stroke. For each type and sub-type we evaluated past history, heart disease, hypertension (HTA), electrocardiogram, echocardiogram (ECO) and CPE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and forty eight patients (52% were men) with mean age 68.0 +/- 10.2 years and ages between 40 and 92 years. Thirty seven (15%) died.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty four percent were AI and among them 45% were C. Previous strokes were more prevalent in AI 29% (p < 0.01). There was heart disease in 81% and hypertensive cardiopathy was more frequent in HI 63% (p < 0.002). HTA and atrial fibrillation (FA) were more frequent in HI 83% (p < 0.05) and in AI 25% (p < 0.004) respectively. ECO showed a dilatation of left atrium more frequent in AI 28% (p < 0.05) and left ventricular concentric hypertrophy index (IHCE) in HI 50% (p < 0.05). CPE, including FA, was identified in 34% of patients, was more prevalent in AI 38% (p < 0.001) and among it FA was significantly more frequent in C 32% (p < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heart disease is very frequent in stroke. The diagnosis of this condition is very important for stroke prophylaxis and prognosis. HTA and hypertensive cardiopathy have a great prevalence and were more related to HI. CPE and FA were very frequent and their diagnosis are important for prevention of AI and specially for embolic stroke. ECO is useful to identify CPE in elderly patient in particular to characterize heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Servico de Medicina I e Núcleo de Estudos de Hipertensão Arterial, Hospital de Santa Maria (HSM), Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, FML.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: da Costa
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies