title: Treatment of experimental human mesothelioma using adenovirus transfer of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors demonstrate the ability of an adenovirus vector expressing the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSVtk) gene to treat human malignant mesothelioma growing within the peritoneal cavity of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Introduction of the HSVtk gene into tumor cells renders them sensitive to the antiviral drug ganciclovir (GCV). This approach has been used previously to treat experimental brain tumors. Although malignant mesothelioma is refractory to current therapies, its localized nature and the accessibility of the pleural space make it a potential target for a similar type of in vivo gene therapy using adenovirus.
  
  
  METHODS
  An adenovirus containing the HSVtk gene (Ad.RSVtk) was used to transduce mesothelioma cells in vitro. These cells were then injected into the flanks of SCID mice. Ad.RSVtk was also injected directly into the peritoneal cavity of SCID mice with established human mesothelioma tumors. Mice were subsequently treated for 7 days with GCV at a dose of 5 mg/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mesothelioma cells transduced in vitro with Ad.RSVtk formed nodules when injected in the subcutaneous tissue. These tumors could be eliminated by the administration of GCV, even when as few as 10% of cells were transduced to express HSVtk (bystander effect). Administration of Ad.RSVtk into the peritoneal space of animals with established multifocal human mesothelioma followed by GCV therapy resulted in the eradication of macroscopic tumor in 90% of animals and microscopic tumor in 80% of animals when evaluated after 30 days. The median survival of animals treated with Ad.RSVtk/GCV was significantly longer than that of control animals treated with similar protocols.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that an adenoviral vector containing the HSVtk gene is effective in treating established malignant mesothelioma in an in vivo setting and raise the possibility of using adenovirus transfer of HSVtk for clinical trials in mesothelioma and other localized tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Smythe
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Elshami
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Eck
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Albelda
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human; D000818:Animals; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012074:Remission Induction; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics*; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D015774:Ganciclovir