title: On the use of counterbalanced designs in cognitive research: a suggestion for a better and more powerful analysis.
abstract: Counterbalanced designs are ubiquitous in cognitive psychology. Researchers, however, rarely perform optimal analyses of these designs and, as a result, reduce the power of their experiments. In the context of a simple priming experiment, several idealized data sets are used to illustrate the possible costs of ignoring counterbalancing, and recommendations are made for more appropriate analyses. These recommendations apply to assessment of both reliability of effects over subjects and reliability of effects over stimulus items.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pollatsek
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Well
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D012106:Research; D012107:Research Design