title: Infection of Macaca nemestrina brain with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
abstract: We previously reported that pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) became infected after intravenous inoculation with the LAI strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), an isolate that replicates in both M. nemestrina lymphocytes and blood-derived monocyte/macrophages. In the current study we investigated the presence of HIV-1 and pathology in the postmortem brains of four of these macaques. Histopathological findings revealed focal lesions in white matter in the frontal and occipital lobes of one macaque, with myelin loss, nerve fibre loss, and gliosis within these lesions. Semi-quantitative, solution-based PCR revealed HIV-1 DNA in the brains of two of the other macaques. Using slide-based PCR-driven in situ hybridization, we studied these two macaques further and detected intranuclear, circular HIV-1 DNA in vascular endothelia and other non-neuronal brain cells. These findings indicate that M. nemestrina brain can be infected with HIV-1 in vivo and may provide a useful animal model for understanding early HIV-1 brain infection in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Frumkin
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leverenz
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Agy
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corey
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000032:analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D008254:Macaca nemestrina / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000821:virology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004270:DNA, Circular; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral