Time- and dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of L-754,394, an HIV protease inhibitor, in rats, dogs and monkeys.
L-754,394 is a potent and specific inhibitor of the HIV-1 encoded protease that is essential for the maturation of the infectious virus. The drug exhibited dose-dependent kinetics in all species studied (rat, dog and monkey); the apparent clearance decreased when the dose was increased. However, the dose-dependency cannot be explained by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. L-754,394 in plasma declined log-linearly with time, but with an apparent half-life that increased with dose. The apparent terminal half-life of L-754,394 in rats increased from 20 min at 0.5 mg/kg i.v. to 118 min at 10 mg/kg i.v. Furthermore, L-754,394 exhibited time-dependent pharmacokinetics. After chronic i.v. doses for 7 days (1 mg/kg/dose/day), the apparent clearance of L-754,394 in rats decreased from 87 ml/min/kg after the first dose to 25 ml/min/kg after the last dose. Similar results were observed in dogs and monkeys. In vitro spectral studies indicated that approximately 40 to 60% of the content of cytochrome P-450 was inactivated when L-754,394 (10 microM) was incubated with rat, dog and monkey liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. Little or no inactivation of cytochrome P-450 was observed when either NADPH or L-754,394 was omitted. In addition, L-754,394 selectively inhibited CYP 2C11-dependent testosterone 2 alpha- and 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity and CYP 3A1/2-dependent testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity, but not CYP 2D1/2-dependent bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase activity nor CYP 1A2-dependent phenacetin O-deethylase activity in rat liver microsomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lin
J H
JH
Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA.
Chiba
M
M
Chen
I W
IW
Vastag
K J
KJ
Nishime
J A
JA
Dorsey
B D
BD
Michelson
S R
SR
McDaniel
S L
SL
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000882:Haplorhini; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase
D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; C094644:L 754394; D010879:Piperazines; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase