title: Inhibitory effect of ferulic acid and isoferulic acid on murine interleukin-8 production in response to influenza virus infections in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: We investigated the effect of ferulic acid (FA) and isoferulic acid (IFA), which are active components of the rhizoma of Cimicifuga species used frequently as anti-inflammatory drugs in Japanese Oriental medicines, on murine interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in response to influenza virus infections in vitro and in vivo by antibody-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the in vitro study, the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was infected with influenza virus at a dose of 10 plaque forming units (PFU)/cell and cultured in the presence or absence of drugs. Both FA and IFA reduced the IL-8 levels in the 20-h conditioned medium in comparison with control in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of IFA was greater than that of FA: IL-8 levels were reduced to 43% and 56% of the control in the presence of 100 micrograms/ml of IFA and FA, respectively. In the in vivo study, mice were infected with 1,000 PFU of virus and received daily oral administrations of Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract (5 mg/mouse/day), FA (0.5 mg/mouse/day), IFA (0.125 mg/mouse/day), or phosphate buffered saline. The three drugs showed a tendency to reduce IL-8 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained 2 days after infection. Moreover, both FA and IFA also significantly reduced the number of exuded neutrophils into BAL. However, the drug administrations did not affect the virus yields in BAL. These data suggest that FA and IFA are novel and potent inhibitors of murine IL-8 production and might act as one of the main components of anti-inflammatory rhizoma of Cimicifuga species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terasawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002934:Cinnamates; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C004999:ferulic acid; C008180:isoferulic acid