title: Middle ear muscle activity (MEMA) in schizophrenia using a noninvasive technique.
abstract: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep middle ear muscle activity (MEMA) was recorded in four diagnostic groups: schizophrenics (n = 18), schizoaffectives (n = 8), depressives (n = 11) and healthy, nonpsychiatric controls (n = 10). Previous work suggested that schizophrenics have higher than normal rates of REM sleep MEMA; this previous study employed the MEMA recording technique of impedance audiometry, which involves a 90-dB stimulus probe tone. The present study, which utilized a silent, pressure-sensitive transducer (i.e. no acoustic stimulus), was undertaken to determine if the stimulus tone might have elicited excess MEMA in the schizophrenics. In this present study, we observed no significant differences in REM sleep MEMA among the four diagnostic groups, suggesting that REM sleep MEMA cannot be used as a biological marker to differentiate clinical disorders. This failure to replicate our previous finding of high MEMA rates in schizophrenics is likely due to sampling error; alternatively, high REM sleep MEMA rates might be elicited in a subgroup of schizophrenics with an acoustic stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Zarcone
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Benson
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011930:Reaction Time; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012895:Sleep, REM