title: Lupus nephritis in males: 8-year experience at Siriraj Hospital.
abstract: During 1984 to 1991, 54 out of 569 lupus nephritis patients at Siriraj Hospital were male (F:M sex ratio = 10:1). Mean age of the males was 29.8 +/- 14.6 years, range 12 to 69. The three most common extrarenal manifestations were anemia, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal involvement (74.5, 51.1, and 43.9%, respectively). The major renal manifestations were edema (75.9%) with heavy proteinuria over 3.5 g/day in 62.2% and nephrotic/nephritic findings in 51.9% of cases. Hypertension was found in 35.2%. Mean serum creatinine was 2.0 +/- 1.4 mg/dl while 60.5% of cases had creatinine clearance below 50 ml/minute. Mean serum albumin was 2.6 +/- 0.8 g/dl, cholesterol 262.8 +/- 129.5 and triglycerides 343.2 +/- 244.6 mg/dl. Interestingly, hypercholesterolemia (> 250 mg/dl) was found only in 44.8% of cases with nephrotic syndrome. Antinuclear antibody was demonstrated in 91.5%, anti-dDNA antibody in 64.4% and LE cells in 40.4% of cases. Renal biopsy was done in 45 patients and 30 cases (66.7%) were classified as diffuse proliferative nephritis (WHO type IV), 15.6% of type II, 6.7% each of type III and V, with the rest of type V plus IV (4.4%). Tubulointerstitial inflammation was found in 77.3% of cases. During the follow-up period (42 +/- 35.8 months), 6 patients died. The cause of death were uremia in 3, infection in 2, and cardiac failure in 1. By life-table analysis, the probabilities of survival for 1 and 5 years were 89.5 and 80.6%, respectively. In comparison between sexes, except for a higher amount of urinary protein excretion (4.5 +/- 3.1 vs 3.5 +/- 3.0 g/day, p < 0.05), there were no statistically significant differences in clinical and pathological parameters, and probability of survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ongajyooth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shayakul
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parichatikanond
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nimmannit
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chirawong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanichakarn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasuvattakul
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malasit
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilwarangkur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology