title: Activity of repellents applied to skin for protection against Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes scapularis ticks (Acari: Ixodidae).
abstract: Twenty-nine repellents were tested on human skin for duration of activity as protectants against nymphal lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum) and against black-legged or deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say). Eleven of these repellents, including deet, provided > 2 h of protection against the lone star tick. One repellent, 1-(3-cyclohexenyl-ylcarbonyl) piperidine, was effective > or = 4 h. Four repellents (2 pyridines and 2 piperidines with protection lasting 2.3-3 h) showed acaricidal activity to more than half of the ticks tested after 9-12 min of exposure. Seven repellents that were most effective against A. americanum, including deet, were tested against the black-legged tick. None was effective and no knock-down was observed. These results suggest that the black-legged tick is less sensitive to repellents than the lone star tick.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Schreck
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: McGovern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007302:Insect Repellents; D008297:Male; D012867:Skin; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents