Incidence and predictors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion in patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in India.
The first estimates of the seroincidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and of the risk factors for seroconversion in a cohort of high-risk patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in India are reported. Between 1993 and 1995, 851 HIV-1-seronegative persons were evaluated prospectively every 3 months for HIV infection and biologic and behavioral characteristics. The overall incidence of HIV-1 was 10.2/100 person-years (95% confidence interval, 7.9-13.1). The incidence among commercial sex workers (CSWs) was 26.1/100 person-years, compared with 8.4 among non-CSWs. Recurrent genital ulcer disease and urethritis or cervicitis during the follow-up period were independently associated with a 7- (P < .001) and 3-fold (P = .06) increased risk of HIV-1 seroconversion, respectively. Because of the association of recurrent ulcerative and nonulcerative STDs with HIV-1 seroconversion in this setting, behavioral and biologic measures directed at the prevention and control of STDs would be expected to greatly reduce the transmission of HIV-1 infection in similar high-risk groups.
Mehendale
S M
SM
National AIDS Research Institute, B. J. Medical College, Pune, India.
Rodrigues
J J
JJ
Brookmeyer
R S
RS
Gangakhedkar
R R
RR
Divekar
A D
AD
Gokhale
M R
MR
Risbud
A R
AR
Paranjape
R S
RS
Shepherd
M E
ME
Rompalo
A E
AE
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications