title: Cellular proliferation and infiltration following interstitial irradiation of normal dog brain is altered by an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to quantitatively define proliferative and infiltrative cell responses after focal 125I irradiation of normal brain, and to determine the effects of an intravenous infusion of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on those responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult beagle dogs were irradiated using high activity 125I sources. Saline (control) or DFMO (150 mg/kg/day) was infused for 18 days starting 2 days before irradiation. At varying times up to 8 weeks after irradiation, brain tissues were collected and the cell responses in and around the focal lesion were quantified. Immunohistochemical stains were used to label astrocytes (GFAP), vascular endothelial cells (Factor VIII), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs; MAC 387) and cells synthesizing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (BrdU). Cellular responses were quantified using a histomorphometric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After radiation alone, cellular events included a substantial acute inflammatory response followed by increased BrdU labeling and progressive increases in numbers of capillaries and astrocytes. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine treatment significantly affected the measured cell responses. As in controls, an early inflammatory response was measured, but after 2 weeks there were more PMNs/unit area than in controls. The onset of measurable BrdU labeling was delayed in DFMO-treated animals, and the magnitude of labeling was significantly reduced. Increases in astrocyte and vessel numbers/mm2 were observed after a 2-week delay. At the site of implant, astrocytes from DFMO-treated dogs were significantly smaller than those from controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is substantial cell proliferation and infiltration in response to interstitial irradiation of normal brain, and these responses are significantly altered by DFMO treatment. Although the precise mechanisms by which DFMO exerts its effects in this model are not known, the results from this study suggest that modification of radiation injury may be possible by manipulating the response of normal cells to injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0520, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fike
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Gobbel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Wijnhoven
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellinzona
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Seilhan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001918:Brachytherapy; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D004285:Dogs; D000518:Eflornithine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D000518:Eflornithine