title: Retinoic acid in silicone and silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oils in a rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluated the effect of retinoic acid (RA) in silicone oil (SiO) and in silicone-fluorosilicone (SiFO) copolymer oil in a new rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).
  
  
  METHODS
  To create the PVR model, three groups of rabbits were administered vitreous injections of approximately 100,000 homologous fibroblasts, 75,000 platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and fibroblasts + PRP, respectively. These rabbits were followed up ophthalmoscopically and histopathologically for as long as 2 months. Five additional groups of rabbits underwent gas-compression vitrectomy in one eye. Four days later, group 1 was administered intravitreous RA in SiFO (9 micrograms/ml) with approximately 150,000 fibroblasts and 70,000 PRP. Group 3 was administered the same amount of fibroblasts and PRP as group 1 with RA in SiO (9 micrograms/ml). Groups 2, 4, and 5 were administered the same amount of fibroblasts and PRP as groups 1 and 3 with 1 ml of SiFO, SiO, or balanced salt solution only, respectively. To evaluate RA toxicity, RA was injected in SiO (15 and 20 micrograms/ml) and RA in SiFO (10 micrograms/ml).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All eyes that were administered fibroblasts or PRP developed vitreous membranes, but those with PRP alone did not develop proliferative changes or retinal detachment; fibroblasts alone produced proliferative changes and retinal detachment after 2 to 3 weeks; fibroblasts + PRP produced similar changes within 3 days of injection. Retinoic acid (15 micrograms/ml) in SiO and RA (10 micrograms/ml) in SiFO was well tolerated. Retinal atrophic changes were found in eyes with 20 micrograms/ml RA in SiO. The retinal detachment rate was lower (P < 0.05) in the eyes that were administered fibroblasts + PRP and RA than in the controls. Significant differences were found in the degrees of PVR among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RA could be useful in PVR treated with SiO or for eyes treated intraoperatively with heavier-than-water SiFO when it is used as a short-term retinal tamponade.
authors.affiliation: Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Refojo
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: F I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Tolentino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D007267:Injections; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012827:Silicone Oils / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D012827:Silicone Oils; D014212:Tretinoin; C054077:fluorosilicone oil