title: Risperidone addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: three cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Forty percent to 60% of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remain unimproved after adequate treatment with serotonin uptake inhibitors (SUIs). The addition of low-dose haloperidol and pimozide to ongoing SUI treatment has been shown to be effective in up to 65% of SUI-refractory OCD patients, particularly in those with comorbid chronic tic disorder. Because OCD patients typically require prolonged pharmacotherapy, they are subject to the development of tardive dyskinesia during neuroleptic treatment. Risperidone is a highly potent and selective serotonin2 and dopamine2 receptor antagonist with a side effect profile that appears to be much more tolerable and safer than that of typical neuroleptics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report our experience with three OCD patients who were unimproved after a minimum of 12 weeks of treatment with the potent and selective SUI fluvoxamine, in whom we added risperidone in an open-label manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three patients showed significant improvement in their obsessive-compulsive symptoms as measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) after risperidone 1 mg/day was added to ongoing fluvoxamine (250-300 mg/day). Within 4 weeks of adding risperidone, the three patients' Y-BOCS scores had decreased by 65%, 56%, and 43%, respectively. Other than mild or moderate sedation, no side effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that risperidone addition to ongoing SUIs may be an effective treatment strategy for refractory OCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McDougle
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Epperson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wasylink
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Leckman
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016666:Fluvoxamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016666:Fluvoxamine; D018967:Risperidone; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors