title: Efficacy of sequential hormone replacement therapy in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia among postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and dietary therapy, compared to dietary therapy, in lowering LDL cholesterol levels among postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective parallel randomized study of sequential 17 beta-oestradiol and norethisterone acetate or placebo for 48 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  A University outpatient lipid clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 76 postmenopausal women, aged 43-60 years, with LDL cholesterol levels > or = 4.2 mmol 1-1, treated with a lipid-lowering diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, fibrinogen and glucose tolerance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adherence to the diet was similar in both groups. Total and LDL cholesterol levels were reduced by 14% (95% CI, 11-17%) and 19% (95% CI, 14-23%), respectively, in the HRT group vs. 3% (95% CI, 0-7%) and 5% (95% CI, 0-11%) in the diet group. HRT reduced the levels of apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a). Levels of HDL cholesterol, HDL2, HDL3, triglycerides, lipoprotein populations and apolipoproteins AI and AII remained unchanged. No adverse effects on glucose tolerance or on fibrinogen levels were observed. The reduction in LDL cholesterol was positively correlated with initial levels of LDL cholesterol and negatively correlated with body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRT is effective in reducing elevated LDL cholesterol levels, and should be considered in the treatment of hyperlipidaemic postmenopausal women, in addition to dietary therapy.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department A, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tonstad
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ose
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gørbitz
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Djøseland
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bard
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fruchart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D004958:Estradiol; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone