title: The effects of lidocaine pretreatment on cocaine neurotoxicity and lethality in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of an antiarrhythmic dose of lidocaine on cocaine-induced ataxia, seizures, and death in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled, blinded investigation was conducted using 220 female Swiss albino mice. Groups of 20 animals received intraperitoneal (IP) administration of either 31.6 mg/kg of lidocaine hydrochloride in 0.9% NaCl (ten animals) or an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl solution (ten animals). After 5 minutes, all the animals received IP cocaine in incremental doses ranging from 40 to 110 mg/kg. The animals were observed for ataxia, seizures, and death. The animals pretreated with lidocaine were compared with the control animals for the number of adverse effects from cocaine at each dose tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lidocaine significantly increased the overall incidences of cocaine-induced ataxia (p = 0.02) and seizures (p < 0.001). However, pretreatment with lidocaine offered protection against cocaine lethality (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preexposure model, lidocaine protects mice against cocaine-induced lethality. These effects seem to be independent of convulsive activity. Further study is required to determine the safety and efficacy of lidocaine for the management of cocaine-induced arrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heit
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Goldfrank
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001259:Ataxia / Q000139:chemically induced; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D003042:Cocaine