title: Changing pattern of agitated impaired mental status in patients with advanced cancer: association with cognitive monitoring, hydration, and opioid rotation.
abstract: In late 1990, it became standard practice at the palliative care unit of the Edmonton General Hospital to regularly administer the Mini-Mental State Questionnaire (MMSQ) and to undertake opioid rotation and hydration upon detection of cognitive failure. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 117 and 162 patients admitted in 1988-1989 and 1991-1992, respectively, to assess the impact of these maneuvers on the prevalence of agitated impaired mental status (IMS). All patients underwent regular cognitive assessment in 1991-1992 versus none in 1988-1989. Seventy-three percent of patients received hydration in the second period versus 32% in the first (P < 0.01). The frequency of opioid rotation was also greater in the second period (41% versus 21%, P < 0.001). The incidence of agitated IMS decreased from 26% in 1988-1989 to 10% in 1991-1992 (P < 0.001). This was reflected by a lower mean dose of the major drug used to treat this condition, haloperidol (3.6 +/- 2.4 versus 5.6 +/- 3.8 mg/day, P < 0.01), and less frequent use of other neuroleptics and benzodiazepines (0.12 versus 0.38 prescriptions per patient, P < 0.01) in the second period. Our data suggest that routine cognitive monitoring, opioid rotation, and hydration may reduce the incidence of agitated IMS in terminal cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Palliative Care Program, Edmonton General Hospital, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruera
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maltoni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suarez-Almazor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition; D003693:Delirium / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics