title: Pacemaker induced superior vena cava obstruction: management by spiral vein graft.
abstract: A 35-year-old male developed superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction due to multiple retained pacemaker leads. This caused cyanosis and suffusion of the head and neck during arm exercise, with desaturation from 99%-90% demonstrated by ear oximetry. The SVC was bypassed using a spiral vein graft because of worsening symptoms. Dramatic improvement resulted, with desaturation no longer demonstrable.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Odell
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Keeton
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Beningfield
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013479:Superior Vena Cava Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014680:Veins / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen