title: The neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article examines the cognitive and psychiatric features of multiple sclerosis. MS can manifest as a neuropsychiatric disturbance even in the absence of physical disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two MS patients with predominant behavioral symptoms are described, and the literature is reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first patient had an interhemispheric disconnection syndrome, and the second patient had cognitive fatigue and depression. Other patients have slowed information processing speed, memory retrieval difficulty, frontal-executive dysfunction, and visuospatial difficulty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MS results in specific cognitive deficits and mood disorders. These two patients had organic mental disorders from cerebral demyelination particularly affecting the corpus callosum. Our patients have neuropsychiatric symptoms from extensive demyelination of prefrontal-subcortical circuits. Evaluation and management strategies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Neurobehavior Unit, VA Medical Center West, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mendez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000849:Anomia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001072:Apraxias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000503:physiopathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests