title: Serum nitrite plus nitrate in infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1.
abstract: To get a measure of the extent of induction of nitric oxide synthase in infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in vivo, we estimated serum nitrite plus nitrate concentrations in 110 HIV-1 infected individuals compared to 76 blood donors. To monitor cytokine action and to measure induction of pteridine synthesis, we determined in parallel neopterin, biopterin, soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 55 and 75, and beta 2-microglobulin. Serum nitrite plus nitrate concentrations were elevated in patients as compared to blood donor controls. In sera of patients, nitrite plus nitrate levels correlated significantly with neopterin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 55 and 75, and beta 2-microglobulin. Nitrite plus nitrate levels were higher and correlations were stronger in groups of patients with lower CD4+ cell count. These results suggest that cytokine-mediated nitric oxide synthesis occurs in individuals with HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Innsbruck, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of AIDS Research, Austria.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zangerle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reibnegger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Werner-Felmayer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gallati
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wachter
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019798:Neopterin; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis; D012977:Sodium Nitrite / Q000097:blood*; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009566:Nitrates; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D001708:Biopterins; D019798:Neopterin; D012977:Sodium Nitrite