Relations between nutrient intake and serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels.
OBJECTIVE
To study the relation between diet and serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in a large, homogeneous group of Spanish children.


METHODS
Survey.


METHODS
Eleven schools chosen at random in Madrid City and the surrounding area.


METHODS
Subjects comprised 1682 children, 2 to 12 years of age. Dietary data were obtained with a 24-hour record performed by the child's main caregiver. For statistical analysis the sample was divided into tertiles on the basis of calorie-adjusted consumption of dietary components.


RESULTS
Children in the highest tertile of total fat consumption, compared with children in the lowest tertile, had significantly higher mean serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A) and apolipoprotein B-100 (Apo B). When compared with children in the lowest tertile, children in the highest tertile of saturated fat consumption had significantly higher mean levels of TC, LDL-C, and Apo B, and lower mean levels of HDL-C and Apo A. Children in the highest tertile of monounsaturated fat consumption, compared with children in the lowest tertile, had significantly higher mean levels of HDL-C and Apo A, and lower mean levels of TC, LDL-C, and Apo B.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that diet composition strongly influences lipid profile in children and point out the importance of monounsaturated fatty acids as modulators of serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels.
Gonzalez-Requejo
A
A
Working Group of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood and Adolescence, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.
Sanchez-Bayle
M
M
Baeza
J
J
Arnaiz
P
P
Vila
S
S
Asensio
J
J
Ruiz-Jarabo
C
C
D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D013030:Spain
D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol