title: Mapping of copper/hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage at nucleotide resolution in human genomic DNA by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: The ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction was used to map the frequency of reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage at nucleotide resolution in genomic DNA purified from cultured human male fibroblasts. Damaged pyrimidine and purine bases were recognized and cleaved by the Nth and Fpg proteins from Escherichia coli, respectively. Strand breaks and modified bases were induced in vitro by copper ion-mediated reduction of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ascorbate; reactant concentrations were adjusted to induce lesions at a frequency of 1 per 2-3 kilobases in purified genomic DNA. Glyoxal gel analysis demonstrated that the ratio of induced strand breaks to induced base damage was 0.8/2.7 in DNA dialyzed extensively to remove adventitious transition metal ions. Ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction analysis of the damage frequency in the promoter region of the transcriptionally active phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK 1) gene revealed that (Cu(II)/ascorbate/H2O2 caused DNA base damage by a sequence-dependent mechanism, with the 5' bases of d(pGn) and d(pCn) being damage hot spots, as were the most internal guanines of d(pGGGCCC) and d(pCCCGGG). Since base damage occurs after formation of a DNA-Cu(I)-H2O2 complex, these data suggest that the local DNA sequence affects formation of DNA-Cu(I)-H2O2 complexes and/or the efficiency of base oxidation during resolution of this complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drouin
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Holmquist
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boiteux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laval
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Doroshow
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Akman
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009711:Nucleotides; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides; D003300:Copper; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase