title: Docetaxel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed the preclinical and clinical profiles of the antineoplastic taxoid docetaxel (Taxotere, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA).
  
  
  METHODS
  From the literature and manufacturer's data, we detail docetaxel's activity, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in preclinical and phase I studies and its activity and side effects in phase II trials in various neoplasms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Docetaxel promotes the assembly of and stabilizes microtubules, preventing their depolymerization. In phase I studies in patients with solid tumors refractory to standard chemotherapy, docetaxel's major dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was dose- but not schedule-dependent neutropenia; another major side effect was schedule-dependent grade 3 mucositis. Other, generally less severe effects included hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), neurotoxicities, cutaneous reactions, alopecia, and asthenia. Responses were observed in breast, bronchial, and ovarian carcinomas. The recommended dose for phase II studies was 100 mg/m2 as a 1-hour intravenous (i.v.) infusion every 3 weeks. Preliminary phase II results confirmed docetaxel's activity against breast, non-small-cell and small-cell lung, ovarian, head and neck, and gastric cancers; melanoma; and soft tissue sarcomas. Neutropenia again was the principal dose-limiting side effect. Nonhematologic effects, usually grade 1 or 2, including HSRs, were common. HSRs were manageable with premedication. Corticosteroid premedication partially alleviated fluid retention seen after repeated docetaxel courses. Studies are evaluating docetaxel in various combination regimens in advanced breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and other solid tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multicenter and single-institution studies have demonstrated docetaxel's consistent significant activity in various cancers. Phase III and combination therapy trials are ongoing. Work is in progress to understand and prevent/resolve some of this drug's side effects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pazdur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043823:Taxoids; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D017239:Paclitaxel