title: Human studies in the development of human immunodeficiency virus vaccines.
abstract: The safety and immunogenicity of candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines have been studied in > 1500 healthy, seronegative (HIV-1-uninfected) subjects. HIV-1 envelope proteins, gp160 and gp120, have been the most extensively investigated. A live virus vector construct, vaccinia with insertion of the HIV-1 env gene, has also been studied. HIV-1 candidate vaccines have been well tolerated, with no acute or longer-term serious toxicity. Intramuscular multidose gp120 vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies, lymphoproliferative responses, and anti-HIV-1 CD4 cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activity. Immunization with the vaccinia-env construct, followed by a boost with an envelope protein, also induces neutralizing antibodies, and anti-HIV-1 CTL activity (CD8, major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted) has been observed. To date, serum from vaccinees can neutralize laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strains in vitro but not primary isolates; the significance of this observation is unknown. Additional approaches to vaccination against HIV-1 are in development.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolin
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000276:immunology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000276:immunology; D012449:Safety; D014616:Vaccinia virus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins