title: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 dimerization and its consequences for adhesion mediated by lymphocyte function associated-1.
abstract: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) is a ligand for the integrins lymphocyte function associated-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18) and complement receptor-3 (Mac-1, CD11b/CD18) making it an important participant in many immune and inflammatory processes. Modified recombinant soluble ICAM-1 formed dimers. This result indicated that the ectodomain of ICAM-1 contains homophilic interaction sites. Soluble ICAM-1 dimers bind to solid-phase purified LFA-1 with high avidity (dissociation constant [Kd] = 8 nM) in contrast to soluble ICAM-1 monomers whose binding was not measurable. Cell surface ICAM-1 was found to be dimeric based on two distinct criteria. First, a monoclonal antibody specific for monomeric soluble ICAM-1, CA7, binds normal ICAM-1 poorly at the cell surface; this antibody, however, binds strongly to two mutant forms of ICAM-1 when expressed at the cell surface, thus identifying elements required for dimer formation. Second, chemical cross-linking of cell surface ICAM-1 on transfected cells and tumor necrosis factor-activated endothelial cells results in conversion of a portion of ICAM-1 to a covalent dimer. Cell surface ICAM-1 dimers are more potent ligands for LFA-1-dependent adhesion than ICAM-1 monomers. While many extracellular matrix-associated ligands of integrins are multimeric, this is the first evidence of specific, functionally important homodimerization of a cell surface integrin ligand.
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knorr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Houdei
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Carron
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dustin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1