title: Antiemetic efficacy of a droperidol-morphine combination in patient-controlled analgesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antiemetic effectiveness and side effects of adding low-dose droperidol to morphine delivered via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated women's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 healthy women, 18 to 60 years of age, who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with a standardized anesthetic regime.
  
  
  METHODS
  After surgery, the control group (n = 20) had access via PCA to two cartridges, each containing morphine 1 mg/ml and saline 1 ml. The two treated groups (n = 20 each) had access via PCA to either droperidol 0.5 mg or droperidol 1 mg added to two cartridges containing morphine 1 mg/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative data, including each patient's history of nausea and vomiting with and without previous anesthesia, motion sickness, smoking, and alcohol intake, and date of her last menstrual period, were obtained. All patients received a standardized anesthetic with droperidol 0.5 mg given at closure of the peritoneum. Among those patients who received droperidol added to morphine for their postoperative analgesic regimen, fewer required rescue antiemetic medication (p < 0.05, test of trend in proportions), and they had a lower incidence of vomiting (p < 0.05, test of trend in proportions), as well as a decrease in the number of times a rescue antiemetic was needed during the 24-hour postoperative period (linear trend, p = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An intermittent intake of low-dose droperidol with morphine given via a PCA delivery system in two treatment groups gave evidence for a dose-response relation between the amount of droperidol added and the proportion of patients needing a rescue antiemetic. The same result applied to the proportion of patients having an emetic episode and the number of times a rescue antiemetic had to be administered. There was no evidence that the low dose of droperidol added to morphine delivered via a PCA device increased unwanted side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tantisira
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004329:Droperidol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009020:Morphine; D008787:Metoclopramide; D004329:Droperidol