title: Promoter structure and transcriptional activation of the murine TSG-14 gene encoding a tumor necrosis factor/interleukin-1-inducible pentraxin protein.
abstract: Human TNF-stimulated gene 14 (TSG-14) encodes a secreted 42-kDa glycoprotein that shows significant homology to proteins of the pentraxin family, which includes the acute phase reactants C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component. Levels of TSG-14 protein (also termed PTX-3) become elevated in the serum of mice and humans after injection with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, but in contrast to conventional acute phase proteins, the bulk of TSG-14 synthesis in the intact organism occurs outside the liver. In the present study we cloned and partially sequenced murine genomic TSG-14 DNA. Analysis of the coding region predicts a high degree of amino acid sequence homology between murine and human TSG-14 (88 and 75% identity in the first and second exons, respectively). The promoter of the TSG-14 gene lacks consensus sequences for either a TATA box or CCAAT box. Primer extension analysis and S1 nuclease protection assay revealed one major transcription start site, situated within a consensus sequence for an initiator element. Sequence analysis of a approximately 1.4-kilobase pair fragment of the 5'-flanking region of the TSG-14 gene revealed the presence of numerous potential enhancer binding elements, including six NF-IL6-like sites, four AP-1, one AP-2, one NF-kB, two Sp1, two interferon-gamma-activated sites (GAS), one Hox-1.3, and five binding sites for Ets family members. Transfection of BALB/c 3T3 cells with promoter DNA fragments linked to the luciferase reporter gene revealed that the 5'-flanking region of the TSG-14 gene comprises elements that can mediate a basal level of transcription and inducibility by TNF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altmeyer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klampfer
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilcek
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D015698:Genomic Library; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099153:Pentraxins