title: Mediation of inflammation by cyclooxygenase-2.
abstract: Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and fever. Mechanistically, these compounds are believed to act via inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandins (PGs). Although commercially available NSAIDS are efficacious antiinflammatory agents, significant side effects limit their use. Recently two forms of COX were identified- a constitutively expressed COX-1 and a cytokine-inducible COX-2. Commercially available NSAIDs like indomethacin inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 suggesting the hypothesis that toxicities associated with NSAID therapy are due to inhibition of the non-regulated or constitutive form of COX (COX-1) in normal tissues, whereas therapeutic benefit derives from inhibition of the inducible enzyme, COX-2, at the site of inflammation. Therefore, a selective inhibitor of COX-2 may be anti-inflammatory without GI toxicity-providing a significant improvement over currently available NSAIDs.
authors.affiliation: G. D. Searle and Monsanto Corporate Research, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seibert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masferrer
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leahy
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Isakson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000502:physiology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000502:physiology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011720:Pyrazoles; C090859:1-((4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases