title: Decreased mineralization and increased calcium release in isolated fetal mouse long bones under near weightlessness.
abstract: Mechanical loading plays an important role in the development and maintenance of skeletal tissues. Subnormal mechanical stress as a result of bed rest, immobilization, but also in spaceflight, results in a decreased bone mass and disuse osteoporosis, whereas supranormal loads upon extremities result in an increased bone mass. In this first in vitro experiment with complete fetal mouse cartilaginous long bones, cultured under microgravity conditions, we studied growth, glucose utilization, collagen synthesis, and mineral metabolism, during a 4-day culture period in space. There was no change in percent length increase and collagen synthesis under microgravity compared with in-flight 1x gravity. Glucose utilization and mineralization were decreased under microgravity. In addition, mineral resorption, as measured by 45Ca release, was increased. These data suggest that weightlessness has modulating effects on skeletal tissue cells. Loss of bone during spaceflight could be the result of both impaired mineralization as well as increased resorption.
authors.affiliation: ACTA-VU, Department of Oral Cell Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Van Loon
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bervoets
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dieudonné
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Semeins
authors.forename: B Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Doulabi
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Veldhuijzen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000503:physiopathology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium