title: Excessive competence of the lower oesophageal sphincter after Nissen fundoplication: evaluation by three-dimensional computerised imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the competence of the lower oesophageal sphincter after Nissen fundoplication with that in a control group of healthy volunteers using a new computerized manometric device that integrates the pressure and length of the entire sphincter into one measurement, called the vector volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 patients, 6-52 months (mean 10 months) after they had undergone Nissen fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux, and 14 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oesophageal computerised manometric system comprising a catheter with eight side holes radially oriented to each other at 45 degrees on one level and 24-hour oesophageal pH monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in percentage time of oesophageal acid exposure, number of episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux, and lower oesophageal sphincter vector volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pH of the oesophagus was returned to the normal range in all patients after the Nissen fundoplication. There was a significant reduction in both the percentage time of acid exposure and the number of episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux compared with the control group (p < 0.001). The vector volume of the intra-abdominal part of the lower oesophageal sphincter was significantly increased compared with the control group (p < 0.04). Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure measured at the respiratory inversion point, and lower oesophageal length, both increased after fundoplication to become similar to control values. When sphincter pressure was measured as a mean of the sphincter pressure curve there was a clear difference postoperatively compared with controls (p < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nissen fundoplication corrects abnormal gastro-oesophageal reflux but abolishes normal physiological postprandial reflux; this is caused by the gastric fundus that encircling the intra-abdominal oesophagus, restores sphincter pressure and length, and modifies its shape.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Padova, School of Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaninotto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anselmino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boccù
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bagolin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Polo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ancona
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004063:Digestion; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018662:Fundoplication; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000502:physiology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure