title: Significance of cytokines and CD68-positive microparticles in immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
abstract: We investigated the significance of cytokines (soluble interleukin-2 receptor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma) and CD68-positive microparticles in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and microparticles were detected by flow cytometry. CD68 expression by histiocytic U937 cells incubated with lipopolysaccharide or cytokines was also assessed in a control study. The level of CD68-positive microparticles was significantly higher in the patients with thrombocytopenia than in normal controls (p < 0.01). The soluble interleukin-2 receptor level was also significantly higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.01), but the other cytokines did not show a significant difference. However, patients with severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count > 20,000/microliters) had significantly higher levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 than the controls (p < 0.05). When opsonized platelets were incubated with activated U937 cells, lipopolysaccharide and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor caused an increase of CD68-positive microparticles in the supernatant. These results suggest that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is released by activated T cells in immune thrombocytopenic purpura and activates monocyte/macrophage phagocytosis, resulting in an increase of circulating CD68-positive microparticles and enhanced platelet destruction.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanabu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: X G
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichiyoshi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011696:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic / Q000276:immunology*; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D016207:Cytokines; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule