title: Antibodies against endothelial cells and cardiolipin in young patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of anticardiolipin and antiendothelial cell antibodies in patients operated on for atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease before 50 years of age. The hypothesis to be tested was whether antibodies associated with an immune/inflammatory damage to the vascular wall were associated also with early atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Departments of surgery and an immunological research laboratory, and routine laboratories of two tertiary referral hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients operated for atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease before 50 years of age. Sixty-two patients (33 males, 29 females), and 67 age- and sex-matched controls participated. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis was made on the basis of the clinical presentation and angiographic visualization of the diseased vasculature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were compared for the prevalence of anticardiolipin and antiendothelial cell antibodies, altered serum lipoprotein levels, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and signs of inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibodies against endothelial cells and cardiolipin were found in 12.9 and 14.5% of the patients, respectively, which was higher than observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Sixty per cent of patients with antibodies were females. Conventional risk factors were more often noted in the patient group. However, patients with antibodies against endothelial cell and/or cardiolipin had a lower prevalence of hyperlipidaemia/dyslipidaemia when compared to patients without these antibodies (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibodies against endothelial cells and cardiolipin are present in a subset of patients with clinical and angiographic diagnosis of severe premature atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. The lower occurrence of hyperlipidaemia/dyslipidaemia in patients with autoantibodies, in comparison to patients without the antibodies, suggests that these antibodies have a role in vascular damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nityanand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergmark
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: de Faire
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swedenborg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lefvert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000032:analysis*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004727:Endothelium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery; D012907:Smoking; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D001323:Autoantibodies; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol