title: Mortality in psychiatric patients, with a specific focus on cancer mortality associated with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Higher mortality rates among psychiatric patients compared with the general population have been widely reported. On the other hand, lower cancer mortality for schizophrenics has been occasionally pointed out. Few studies from Japan have investigated mortality among psychiatric patients, and this study is the first large-scale follow-up in this country.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4980 patients admitted to a national mental hospital from 1948 through 1982 were followed up until 31 August 1985. The standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated in comparison to the general population, using the person-years method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SMR for total deaths and those for malignancy were as follows for males/females respectively: 2.55/3.02 and 0.84/1.37 for schizophrenia, 1.76/2.37 and 1.44/2.10 for depression, 2.45/3.04 and 1.18/1.82 for mania, 1.81/1.90 and 0.27/1.07 for neurosis, 5.55/4.33 and 1.85/3.34 for alcohol/drug abuse, and 3.65/3.57 and 1.01/0.72 for organic brain syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SMR for total deaths were significantly elevated in schizophrenia, depression, mania, neurosis, alcohol/drug abuse, and organic brain syndrome, respectively. The SMR for malignancy were not elevated nor lowered significantly in any of these disease categories. The SMR for stomach cancer in male schizophrenics was significantly lower (0.27; P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saku
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokudome
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uchimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000401:mortality*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D011336:Probability; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000401:mortality*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality