title: A new family of conotoxins that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels.
abstract: Conus peptides, including omega-conotoxins and alpha-conotoxins (targeting calcium channels and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively) have been useful ligands in neuroscience. In this report, we describe a new family of sodium channel ligands, the mu-O-conotoxins. The two peptides characterized, mu-O-conotoxins MrVIA and MrVIB from Conus marmoreus potently block the sodium conductance in Aplysia neurons. This is in marked contrast to standard sodium channel blockers that are relatively ineffective in this system. The sequences of the peptides are as follows. mu-O-conotoxin MrVIA: ACRKKWEYCIVPIIGFIYCCPGLICGPFVCV mu-O-conotoxin MrVIB: ACSKKWEYCIVPILGFVYCCPGLICGPFVCV mu-O-conotoxin MrVIA was chemically synthesized and proved indistinguishable from the natural product. Surprisingly, the mu-O-conotoxins show no sequence similarity to the mu-O-conotoxins. However, ananalysis of cDNA clones encoding the mu-O-conotoxin MrVIB demonstrated striking sequence similarity to omega- and delta-conotoxin precursors. Together, the omega-, delta-, and mu-O-conotoxins define the O-superfamily of Conus peptides. The probable biological role and evolutionary affinities of these peptides are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasson
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Spira
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hillyard
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Olivera
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001048:Aplysia; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020916:Conotoxins; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008978:Mollusk Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers
chemical_list: D020916:Conotoxins; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D009842:Oligopeptides; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; C094740:muO-conotoxin MrVIA; C094741:muO-conotoxin MrVIB