title: Cranial osteomyelitis: diagnosis and follow-up with In-111 white blood cell and Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone SPECT, CT, and MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the usefulness of indium-111 white blood cell and technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in cranial osteomyelitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six cases (25 patients: 13 male, 12 female; mean age, 55 years) of suspected osteomyelitis were evaluated. Sixteen were postoperative. Final diagnosis was established by means of bone culture in 18 cases and clinical follow-up in eight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 35 CT scans, 10 were true-positive (TP); three false-negative (FN); 13, true-negative (TN); one, false-positive (FP); and eight, equivocal. Of 36 SPECT scans, 19 were TP; 13, TN; one, FP; one, FN; and two, equivocal. Of 11 MR images four were TP; five, TN; and two, FN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT is best for differentiation between soft-tissue and bone infection. MR imaging is best for assessment of the calvaria and skull base. SPECT is best for assessment of altered bone and may be the best technique for follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Seabold
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Simonson
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rezai
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007962:Leukocytes; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate