title: Preserved pontine glucose metabolism in Alzheimer disease: a reference region for functional brain image (PET) analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to examine regional preservation of energy metabolism in Alzheimer disease (AD) and to evaluate effects of PET data normalization to reference regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional metabolic rates in the pons, thalamus, putamen, sensorimotor cortex, visual cortex, and cerebellum (reference regions) were determined stereotaxically and examined in 37 patients with probable AD and 22 normal controls based on quantitative 18FDG-PET measurements. Following normalization of metabolic rates of the parietotemporal association cortex and whole brain to each reference region, distinctions of the two groups were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pons showed the best preservation of glucose metabolism in AD. Other reference regions showed relatively preserved metabolism compared with the parietotemporal association cortex and whole brain, but had significant metabolic reduction. Data normalization to the pons not only enhanced statistical significance of metabolic reduction in the parietotemporal association cortex, but also preserved the presence of global cerebral metabolic reduction indicated in analysis of the quantitative data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Energy metabolism in the pons in probable AD is well preserved. The pons is a reliable reference for data normalization and will enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of quantitative and nonquantitative functional brain imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0028, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minoshima
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kuhl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011149:Pons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005947:Glucose