title: Implications, prevention and management of subcutaneous emphysema during endodontic treatment.
abstract: Subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) is a possible complication of both nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatment. A review of the literature pertinent to endodontic intervention and SCE is highlighted, while the causes of and recommendations for the prevention of SCE are provided. A review of the pathways whereby compressed air may travel through potential spaces in the head and neck is also illustrated in an attempt to identify the possibility of morbidity and even mortality should operator induced SCE occur in a patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Battrum
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gutmann
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control