title: Use of a lucite beam spoiler for high-energy breast irradiation.
abstract: Treatment planning for breast cancer is a challenge for bridge separations greater than 24 cm. protocols require dose homogeneity to the breast parenchyma to 10% while maintaining good cosmesis (skin sparing). Low-energy beams (6 MV or lower) may not achieve protocol specifications because of lateral or medial hot spots. The buildup region for high-energy beams (i.e., 18 MV) may lead to underdosing in the superficial regions. Adding bolus will pull the isodoses to surface, surrendering skin sparing. A spoiler will increase the contribution of scattered medium energy electrons and photons, thereby increasing superficial dosing and maintaining skin sparing due to displacement of the spoiler from the skin. We chose Lucite as the spoiler material for our 18-MV beam. Buildup measurements were performed with a parallel-plate ionization chamber to find the optimal spoiler thickness of 18 mm at a spoiler-to-skin distance of 22 cm. A breast phantom was designed allowing thermoluminescent dosimeter measurements. The spoiler has increased the percent depth dose from the depths of 0.5 cm to 3.0 cm to mimic those delivered by a 6 MV beam, while the relative skin dose was held to 50%. Our treatment schema is typically 6-MV photons with customized compensation for half or more of the fractions and uncompensated 18-MV photons with the spoiler for the remaining fractions. The spoiler may be used in conjunction with thin bolus (1.0 cm) for therapeutic dosing to the skin (scars, inflammatory disease, etc.). The treatment plans have maintained dose homogeneity for large patients, without consequence of skin reaction.
authors.affiliation: Jewish Hospital at Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michalet-Lorenz
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003102:Colloids; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020366:Methylmethacrylate; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D008961:Models, Structural; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D020366:Methylmethacrylate