title: Effects of early immune stress and changes in dietary metabolizable energy on the development of newly hatched turkeys. 1. Growth and nutrient utilization.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to document the effects of an early immunologic stress and changes in dietary ME(n) on growth and nutrient utilization of newly hatched turkeys. Treatments in both experiments consisted of a complete factorial arrangement of two types of injection and four isonitrogenous diets. Turkeys were injected i.p. with saline (SAL) or a solution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 micrograms LPS/mL SAL) at 1, 3, and 5 d of age. In Experiment 1, two diets were formulated to contain 2,800 kcal ME(n)/kg. One was a corn-soybean meal-based diet (CSBM) and the other contained 8% Solkafloc (SKF). A third diet (3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg) was formulated by substituting 8% sucrose (SUC) for the 8% SKF. The fourth diet included in Experiment 1 was formulated to contain 3,700 kcal ME(n)/kg. The CSBM and SUC diets were also included in Experiment 2. Two additional diets tested in Experiment 2 were the CSBM diet containing 74.5 mg ibuprofen/kg (IBU) and a corn-soybean meal-based diet with a ME(n) value of 3,100 kcal/kg (CS31). Injection with LPS reduced (P < .05) BW of turkeys throughout Experiment 1 and until 9 d of age in Experiment 2, as compared with injection with SAL, irrespective of dietary treatment. The reduction in BW was mainly due to a decrease in feed intake (FI) (P < .05). Turkeys fed diets with 3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg were heavier (P < .05) than those fed diets with 2,800 kcal ME(n)/kg, irrespective of injection. Inclusion of ibuprofen to the CSBM diet from 1 to 14 d improved (P < .05) BW and feed efficiency (P < .01) of turkeys at 14 d of age, compared with turkeys fed the CSBM diet. Determined ME(n) was not affected by LPS injection. Adverse effects of LPS injection on growth of turkey poults were mainly the consequence of a reduced FI and not of altered nutrient utilization. These effects were not fully alleviated by feeding a diet with 3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Piquer
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Soto-Salanova
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vilaseca
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Palo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006128:Growth / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013025:Glycine max; D014422:Turkeys / Q000502:physiology*; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides