title: Hyperkalemia and high-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
abstract: Evidence from the literature strongly supports that high doses of TMP, as used in the treatment of PCP in AIDS patients, have the propensity to cause hyperkalemia by inhibiting sodium channels in the distal nephron, thereby impairing potassium secretion. The mechanism of TMP-induced hyperkalemia is believed to be similar to that of triamterene and amiloride because of the structural similarity of these agents. It is also possible that declining renal function, which is a natural progression of HIV disease, may contribute to the hyperkalemia seen in this patient population. In addition, patients with AIDS also may exhibit a defect in adrenal function, potentiating the hyperkalemic effect of TMP therapy. Therefore, it is crucial for clinicians to monitor closely the serum potassium concentration in this patient population, especially during therapy with high doses of TMP.
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wordell
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003622:Dapsone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D003622:Dapsone