title: Absence of extraocular muscle pathology in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy: role for calcium homeostasis in extraocular muscle sparing.
abstract: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by clinical weakness and progressive necrosis of striated muscle as a consequence of dystrophin deficiency. While all skeletal muscle groups are thought to be affected, enigmatically, the extraocular muscles (EOM) appear clinically unaffected. Here we show that dystrophin deficiency does not result in myonecrosis or pathologically elevated levels of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in EOM. At variance with a previous report, we find no evidence for dystrophin-related protein/utrophin up-regulation in EOM. In vitro experiments demonstrate that extraocular muscles are inherently more resistant to necrosis caused by pharmacologically elevated [Ca2+]i levels when compared with pectoral musculature. We believe that EOM are spared in DMD because of their intrinsic ability to maintain calcium homeostasis better than other striated muscle groups. Our results indicate that modulating levels of [Ca2+]i in muscle may be of potential therapeutic use in DMD.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Alameddine
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Tomé
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fardeau
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arahata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kunkel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009137:Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049411:Utrophin
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D016189:Dystrophin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C483600:Utrn protein, mouse; D049411:Utrophin; D002118:Calcium