title: The role of cytokines and sulphatase inhibitors in regulating oestrogen synthesis in breast tumours.
abstract: Synthesis of oestrogens within breast tissues makes an important contribution to the high concentrations of oestradiol which are found in breast tumours. The activities of the enzymes involved in oestrogen synthesis, i.e. the aromatase, oestradiol dehydrogenase (E2DH) and oestrone sulphatase (E1-STS), can be stimulated by several growth factors and cytokines. As it is possible that some of these factors may be derived from cells of the immune system (macrophages and lymphocytes), the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), which are produced by these cells, on E2DH activity was examined in MCF-7 cells. Treatment of these cells with bFGF resulted in a dose-dependent increase in E2DH reductive activity whereas IL-2 was inactive at the concentration tested. To obtain further evidence that factors produced by macrophages and lymphocytes can modulate the activities of enzymes involved in oestrogen synthesis, conditioned medium was collected from these cells and found to stimulate both E1-STS and E2DH activities. In addition to understanding the control of oestrogen synthesis in breast tumours an inhibitor to block the synthesis of oestrone via the oestrone sulphatase pathway was developed. Oestrone-3-O-sulphamate (EMATE) is a potent, irreversible, inhibitor of E1-STS. A single dose of EMATE (10 mg/kg) inhibited tissue E1-STS activity in rats by more than 95% for up to 7 days, indicating that this compound may have considerable therapeutic potential for the treatment of breast cancer. Evidence is also reviewed that another steroid sulphatase, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate sulphatase, may have a crucial role in regulating cytokine production and that this may indirectly control tumour oestrogen synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Metabolic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, U.K.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Purohit
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000502:physiology; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D004960:Estradiol Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004970:Estrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D013429:Sulfatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004967:Estrogens; D006133:Growth Substances; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C088768:estrone-3-O-sulfamate; D004970:Estrone; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D004960:Estradiol Dehydrogenases; D013429:Sulfatases; C020121:estrone sulfatase