title: Prevention of influenza by the intranasal administration of cold-recombinant, live-attenuated influenza virus vaccine: importance of interferon-gamma production and local IgA response.
abstract: To clarify which immunological factors were more effective in preventing influenza virus infection, we measured immunological parameters induced by vaccination and infection in vivo and in vitro. Healthy adult subjects (n = 128) were divided into vaccinated (n = 85) and untreated (n = 43) groups. Eighty-five were vaccinated intranasally with a trivalent cold-adapted recombinant influenza virus vaccine containing type A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B viruses. Subjects were mostly seropositive before vaccination. In 29 (80.6%) of the 36 examinees showing a prevaccination HI antibody titre of less than 1:128, the titre increased more than four times after vaccination. On the other hand, an increase of more than four times was found in four (8.2%) of the 49 individuals who had shown a prevaccination titre of more than 1:128. The IgA antibody was negligibly detected in the nasal wash specimens before vaccination, and was induced by vaccination in some cases. Lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production in cultured lymphocytes of the same subjects stimulated by H1N1 virus in vitro were correlated with the HI antibody titre. However, the interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production was low before vaccination, regardless of the HI antibody titre, and showed a significant increase after vaccination. It was suggested that local IgA response and IFN-gamma production play important roles in the prevention of influenza. Since there was the outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in Kochi Prefecture after completion of blood samples 6-8 weeks after the second vaccination, we examined the above hypothesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurashige
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Maassab
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D007371:Interferon-gamma