title: Particular combinations of signals, by retinoic acid and 1 alpha, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, promote apoptosis of HL60 cells.
abstract: The promyeloid cell line HL60, when grown in serum-free medium, is induced to differentiate towards either neutrophils or monocytes by treatment with particular concentrations of 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA) and 1 alpha, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3). We have investigated whether treatment of HL60 cells with 9-cis RA and D3 can lead to growth arrest and a failure to undergo cell differentiation. This occurred in two circumstances and HL60 cells died rapidly by apoptosis. First, treatment with 5 x 10(-7) M 9-cis RA and 1.25 x 10(-9)-3.1 x 10(-10) M D3 promoted growth arrest and apoptosis of HL60 cells. The amount of 9-cis RA alone promoted significant neutrophil differentiation of HL60 cells. The amounts of D3 alone promoted a very low level of monocyte differentiation. Treatment with each agent alone did not result in increased levels of apoptosis. Second, HL60 cells were treated with concentrations of 9-cis RA (5 x 10(-7) M) and D3 (3.9 x 10(-14) M) that were appropriate for induction of neutrophil differentiation. At the time when they were undergoing commitment to the neutrophil pathway of differentiation (days 1-2), an amount of D3 (1 x 10(-7) M) that promotes monocyte differentiation was added to the cultures. HL60 cells failed to differentiate and died by apoptosis. Hence, certain combinations of signals, elicited by 9-cis RA and D3, promote apoptosis of HL60 cells. This finding has important implications for the use of retinoids and D3 in differentiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wallington
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bunce
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000473:pathology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014212:Tretinoin; D002117:Calcitriol