title: Metabolic parameter, bleeding, and weight changes in U.S. women using progestin only contraceptives.
abstract: Our objective was to determine the effect of progestin-only contraceptives on metabolic parameters, bleeding patterns, and weight changes during the first year of use. Seventy-one women (> 95% Caucasian), who were advised regarding contraception alternatives, self-selected levonorgestrel implants (n = 44), depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 22), or oral norethindrone (n = 5). One year later, 11 levonorgestrel implant and five depomedroxyprogesterone acetate patients were randomly selected to compare (pre- and post-progestin use) levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), apolipoproteins A-1 and B-100, bilirubin, and sex hormone binding globulin. Monthly bleeding and spotting records were kept in each group. Body weights were also monitored in each group. No statistically significant differences in metabolic parameters were found between pre- and post-progestin use in the levonorgestrel implant and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate groups. Continued bleeding patterns were more prominent in the levonorgestrel implant and oral norethindrone groups than in patients receiving depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate. No significant weight gain was detected in any group. No changes in metabolic parameters or weight were noted over the one year of use of levonorgestrel implants or depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate. Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate had the highest incidence of amenorrhea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mainwaring
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hales
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hatasaka
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Poulson
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011372:Progestins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004343:Drug Implants; D008074:Lipoproteins; D011372:Progestins; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D002784:Cholesterol; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D001663:Bilirubin; D009640:Norethindrone