title: Regional heterogeneity of human myocardial infarcts demonstrated by contrast-enhanced MRI. Potential mechanisms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myocardial reperfusion is pivotal to the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. In these patients, coronary flow is generally assessed by angiography and tissue perfusion by tracer scintigraphy. This study was designed to examine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides information on myocardial perfusion and damage beyond that supplied by angiography and thallium scintigraphy after acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients with recent myocardial infarction had ECG, echocardiography, coronary angiography, and fast contrast-enhanced MRI. Twelve patients also had exercise thallium scintigraphy. Time-intensity curves obtained from infarcted and noninfarcted regions were correlated with coronary anatomy and left ventricular function. Two perfusion patterns were observed in infarcted regions by comparison with the normal myocardial pattern. All patients but 1 had persistent myocardial hyperenhancement within the infarcted region up to 10 minutes after contrast. In 10 patients, this hyperenhanced region surrounded a subendocardial area of decreased signal at the center of the infarcted region associated with coronary occlusion at angiography, Q waves on ECG, and greater regional dysfunction by echocardiography. Moreover, the extent and location of the MRI abnormalities correlated well with the extent and location of the fixed single-photon emission computed tomography thallium defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large human infarcts, associated with prolonged obstruction of the infarct-related artery, are characterized by central dark zones surrounded by hyperenhanced regions on MRI. Conversely, reperfused infarcts with less regional dysfunction have uniform signal hyperenhancement. The MRI hyperenhanced segment correlates well with the fixed scintigraphic defect in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. 21287, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazille
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atalar
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Zerhouni
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D003287:Contrast Media; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; C062402:gadoteridol; D005682:Gadolinium; D003402:Creatine Kinase