Defective natural immunity: an early manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells may be of significance in host defense against viral infections. This study included 347 patients infected with human immunodeficiency syndrome virus (HIV) type 1 and 110 controls. The NK cell activity, either unstimulated or stimulated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) or interleukin-2 (IL-2), and the LAK cell activity were suppressed in patients, but the NK/LAK cell activity did not differ between patients with AIDS and patients without AIDS. However, the IFN-alpha-stimulated NK cell activity and LAK cell activity were reduced in patients with symptoms of HIV disease (CDCIV) when compared with asymptomatic patients (CDCII+III). When the data were analyzed by multiple linear regression, the percentage of CD4+ cells had a positive effect on these two parameters in patients without AIDS, whereas the percentage of CD4+ cells had no significant effect on unstimulated and IL-2-stimulated NK cell activity in these patients. In controls and AIDS patients, the percentage of CD4+ cells had no effect on NK/LAK cell activity in multiple linear models. The total number of CD16+ cells was low in patients compared to controls, whereas the percentages of CD16+, CD56+, and CD16+CD56+ were either normal or elevated. Therefore, the decrease in NK cell subpopulations did not contribute to the observed depression in NK/LAK cell activity in vitro. It is concluded that natural immunity is suppressed in HIV-seropositive patients primarily because of a qualitative defect of the NK/LAK cells. This qualitative defect includes a reduced responsiveness to IFN-alpha, which is progressive until the onset of symptoms, and possibly related to the loss of CD4+ cells.
Ullum
H
H
Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Gøtzsche
P C
PC
Victor
J
J
Dickmeiss
E
E
Skinhøj
P
P
Pedersen
B K
BK
D000328:Adult; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2