title: Attenuation of the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 by niacin. A potential link between lipid lowering and fibrinolysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), the primary physiological inhibitor of endogenous plasminogen activators, has been implicated as a potentiating factor in atherogenesis as well as in coronary thrombosis. We and others have observed attenuation of PAI-1 expression by gemfibrozil both in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To determine whether other lipid-lowering agents with different mechanisms of action exert similar effects, we exposed Hep G2 cells, a highly differentiated human hepatoma cell line, to selected concentrations of niacin. Accumulation of PAI-1 protein, assayed with an ELISA, decreased in conditioned media by 72% in 48 hours in a specific, concentration-dependent fashion. Metabolic labeling experiments demonstrated a decrease in the rate of PAI-1 synthesis. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a preceding, parallel, and specific decrease in the concentration of PAI-1 mRNA. Niacin attenuated the increased PAI-1 synthesis induced by mediators released from thrombi as well. Thus, with 4.25 ng/mL transforming growth factor-beta 1, PAI-1 accumulation increased 4.5-fold in conditioned media in 48 hours. However, niacin attenuated the increase by 65%. Again, both the rate of PAI-1 synthesis and PAI-1 mRNA were reduced. The increased plasma PAI-1 activity and PAI-1 mRNA in liver induced by dexamethasone (0.8 mg IP) in vivo in rats were attenuated by 3 weeks of pretreatment with niacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that niacin, by decreasing PAI-1 expression, may potentiate fibrinolysis, thereby decreasing the stimulation of atherogenesis by clot-associated mitogens associated with microthrombi. Furthermore, the results imply that a pathogenetic link may exist between intracellular lipid metabolism and regulation of expression of fibrinolytic system components.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009525:Niacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D008055:Lipids; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009525:Niacin