Alteration of transcription factor binding activities in the ischemic rat brain.
Transient focal ischemia-reperfusion in the cerebral cortex caused regional alteration of DNA-binding activities of transcription factors AP-1, CREB, Sp-1, and NF-kB. The changes were time-dependent. During the first 24 hr of reperfusion after 90 min ischemia, there was an increase in the binding activity of AP-1 only in the region surrounding the ischemic cortex. Five days after ischemia, an increase in the binding activities of CREB, Sp-1, and NF-kB, but not AP-1, was noted in the ischemic cortex, and to a lesser extent, Sp-1 and NF-kB, in the surrounding region. The binding activities of these transcription factors were reduced by hydrogen peroxide but could be restored by dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol. These results are the first demonstration of ischemia-induced differential regulation of transcription factor binding activities which are time-, region-, and redox state dependent.
Salminen
A
A
Division of Restorative Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Liu
P K
PK
Hsu
C Y
CY
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008623:Mercaptoethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D004229:Dithiothreitol