title: Effect of low energy diet and weight loss on major risk factors, central obesity and associated disturbances in patients with essential hypertension.
abstract: Obesity, especially central, increases the risk of hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes to a significant extent. To determine whether dietary weight reduction can reduce blood pressure (BP) and other cardiovascular risk factors, 217 hypertensives were randomised to receive either 1600 Kcal/day diet (group A, n = 108) or the usual 2100 Kcal/day diet (group B, n = 109). Sodium intake and physical activity were kept similar in both groups. After 16 weeks of follow-up, patients in group A received significantly less energy leading to a 2.8 kg net reduction in mean weight in association with a significant net decrease in mean SBP and DBP (7.5/6.5 mm Hg) compared with nonsignificant changes in group B. There was a significant net decrease in mean total cholesterol (7.0%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (7.9%) and triglycerides (8.0%), with a significant net increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (4.0%) in group A compared with group B. New risk factors such as glucose intolerance (8.0%) and central obesity (waist-hip girth ratio, 0.021) showed a significant net reduction compared with group B. Patients with central obesity and other associated disturbances showed maximal reduction in BP and other cardiovascular risk factors with a significantly greater increase in HDL-cholesterol. Mean doses of drugs were similar at entry to the study as well as after 16 weeks in both groups. It is possible that weight reduction due to a low caloric diet can moderate central obesity and associated disturbances in hypertensive subjects.
authors.affiliation: Heart Research Laboratory, Medical Hospital and Research Centre, India.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Niaz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bishnoi
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rastogi
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol