title: Night blindness is prevalent during pregnancy and lactation in rural Nepal.
abstract: The prevalence of night blindness during pregnancy and lactation was assessed in a sample of 426 women living in the rural terai of Nepal. These women were also examined for ocular signs of vitamin A deficiency. Among 241 lactating women, 16.2% reported experiencing night blindness at some time during the pregnancy that produced the infant they were now breast-feeding. Among 185 pregnant women, 8.1% reported being night-blind at the time of the interview. The odds of night blindness in the current pregnancy were six times greater for women who reported night blindness in their previous pregnancy. Night-blind women were more likely to come from households with lower socioeconomic status. Teenage women and those over the age of 30 were at highest risk, particularly those of higher parity within these age groups. Vitamin A deficiency, for which night blindness is a marker, seems to be a problem in this population of pregnant and lactating women, with potential health consequences for women and their infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khatry
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leclerq
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kimbrough
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Pohkrel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D008423:Maternal Age; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D009755:Night Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology