title: Effect of pH on injection phlebitis.
abstract: Formulation pH has been reported to be responsible for the incidence of phlebitis. In this study, the effect of pH on injection phlebitis is investigated. Buffers of varying pHs were examined for their ability to produce phlebitis in rabbits. Thermal measurements as well as visual evaluations were used for phlebitis quantitation. The results show that formulation pH between 3.0 and 11.0 does not contribute to the incidence of phlebitis when administered as an iv bolus injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simamora
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinsuwan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Myrdal
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yalkowsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D002021:Buffers; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010689:Phlebitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers