title: Targeting of bladder cancer with monoclonal antibody NCRC48--a possible approach for intravesical therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the localization of the anti-MUC1 mucin monoclonal antibody (mAb) NCRC48 to bladder cancer following intravesical administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  mAb NCRC48 (330-500 micrograms) radiolabelled with 111indium (11-17 MBq) was administered intravesically to 12 unselected patients with radiological evidence of bladder cancer. Tumour localization was assessed by gamma-camera imaging and by tissue biodistribution studies on biopsies obtained at cystoscopy at about 2 or 24 h after the procedure. After 24 h, whole blood radioactivity was measured and 3 weeks after the procedure the serum level of human anti-mouse antibodies was estimated using an ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients had tumours confirmed at cystoscopy (grades 1-3, stages pTa-pT2). The mean uptake of NCRC48 by tumour and by normal urothelium (expressed as the percentage of the instilled dose/g x 10(3) +/- SD) at 2 h was 3.42 +/- 3.68 and 0.41 +/- 0.77 (P < 0.05). After 24 h, the values for tumour and normal urothelium were 1.17 +/- 1.18 and 0.17 +/- 0.11, respectively. Areas of increased activity on the scintigrams were consistent with the position of the tumours at cystoscopy. No radioactivity was detected in blood at 24 h and there was no evidence of a human anti-mouse antibody response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MUC1 mucin may be a suitable antigen to study the potential of therapeutic strategies based on monoclonal antibody targeting of superficial bladder cancer and may allow the development of more effective agents in the treatment of this condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nottingham City Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kunkler
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Pimm
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009077:Mucins / Q000276:immunology*; D016719:Radioimmunodetection; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D009077:Mucins