title: Emotional distress reported by women and husbands prior to a breast biopsy.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the emotional distress of women (N = 300) and husbands (N = 265) prior to the women's breast biopsy and to identify factors related to their levels of distress. Standardized instruments were used to measure social support, uncertainty, marital satisfaction, family functioning, concurrent stress, hopelessness, and emotional distress. Women reported moderately high levels of emotional distress and significantly more distress than their husbands. Forty-two percent of the variance in women's distress scores and 42% of the variance in husbands' distress scores were accounted for by the independent variables. Concurrent stress, lower education, hopelessness, and uncertainty explained the most variance in women's distress, while concurrent stress, hopelessness, and family functioning explained the most variance in husbands' distress.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Northouse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeffs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cracchiolo-Caraway
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lampman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dorris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000523:psychology; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*