title: Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension is associated with the insulin resistance metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with the insulin resistance syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with untreated hypertension were evaluated by recording office blood pressure during regular antihypertensive treatment and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and office blood pressure after 4-6 weeks on placebo, echocardiography with M-mode measurements of left ventricular wall thickness and pulsed-wave Doppler measurements of mitral flow in diastole and the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, for determination of insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The left ventricular wall thickness was found to be significantly related to blood pressure [r = 0.44, P < 0.004 for 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP)], fasting insulin level (r = 0.32, P < 0.03) and haematocrit level (r = 0.37, P < 0.009) and inversely related to insulin sensitivity (r = -0.59, P < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis with these relationships together with confounding factors age, sex, body mass index and waist: hip ratio as independent variables showed insulin sensitivity to be the only significant variable, explaining 43% of the variation in left ventricular wall thickness, whereas 24-h ambulatory SBP explained a further 7%. Left ventricular diastolic filling, as evaluated by the mitral Doppler early: atrial ratio, was significantly correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.42, P < 0.003) and inversely related to blood pressure (r = -0.41, P < 0.02 for 24-h ambulatory SBP), left ventricular wall thickness (r = -0.34, P < 0.02) and serum fibrinogen level (r = -0.63, P < 0.0001). However, multiple regression analysis showed that insulin sensitivity was more closely related to diastolic filling than to blood pressure or left ventricular wall thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed left ventricular wall thickness to be closely associated with insulin resistance. Because diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle was also related to a decreased insulin sensitivity, these findings suggest that left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction are associated with the insulin resistance metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andrén
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hänni
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Lithell
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D004452:Echocardiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose