title: The efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in Nigerians with essential hypertension.
abstract: The efficacy and safety of the novel calcium antagonist Amlodipine (Pfizer Laboratories, New York, New York) and hydrochlorothiazide were evaluated and compared in a randomized, single-blind, parallel group study in black Africans with essential hypertension. Twenty Nigerians with newly diagnosed mild to moderate essential hypertension were randomized to receive ascending doses of Amlodipine (5 mg and 10 mg) or hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg or 50 mg), and blood pressure and heart rate were measured at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of therapy. Both Amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide significantly reduced supine and erect blood pressure. Supine blood pressure on Amlodipine fell from a mean of 190/104 mm Hg to 150/79 mm Hg, and on thiazide from 180/103 mm Hg to 141/84 mm Hg. There was, however, no significant difference between both drugs in antihypertensive efficacy. Neither drug induced a reflex increase in heart rate. The fall in blood pressure on both agents was associated with an increase in plasma urea. Amlodipine induced no change in plasma potassium, but hydrochlorothiazide caused hypokalemia. Both agents were well tolerated, and Amlodipine should undergo further study in the treatment of hypertension in blacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ajayi
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Akintomide
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D011187:Posture; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012449:Safety; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016683:Supine Position; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D017311:Amlodipine; D014508:Urea; D011188:Potassium