title: Transport characteristics of three fluorescent conjugated bile acid analogs in isolated rat hepatocytes and couplets.
abstract: The transport properties of three different synthetically prepared fluorescent conjugated bile acid analogs (FBA), all with the fluorophore on the side chain, were determined using isolated rat hepatocytes and hepatocyte couplets. The compounds studied were cholylglycylamidofluorescein (CGamF), cholyl(N epsilon-nitrobenzoxadiazolyl [NBD])-lysine (C-NBD-L), and chenodeoxycholyl-(N epsilon-NBD)-lysine (CDC-NBD-L). When hepatocytes were incubated at 37 degrees C with 0.3 mumol/L of FBA and 0.15 mol/L of Na+, cell fluorescence increased linearly with time at a rate (U/min) of 7.8 +/- 0.5 for CGamF, 7.2 +/- 0.3 for C-NBD-L, and 13.7 +/- 1.0 for CDC-NBD-L (mean, +/- SE; n = 40 to 90). Uptake was concentration dependent for concentrations less than 20 mumol/L and was saturable. The Michaelis constant (Km) value (mumol/L) for CGamF was 10.8, for C-NBD-L was 3.8, and for CDC-NBD-L was 3.0. In the absence of Na+, the uptake rate was decreased by 50% for CGamF and by 38% for C-NBD-L; but uptake of CDC-NBD-L was unchanged and thus Na+ independent. Cellular uptake of all three derivatives was specific to hepatocytes and was absent in several nonhepatocyte cell lines. For CGamF and C-NBD-L, both Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent uptake was inhibited by 200-fold excess concentrations of cholyltaurine, dehydrocholyltaurine, and cholate, but for CDC-NBD-L, these nonfluorescent bile acids did not inhibit initial uptake. The intracellular fluorescence of CGamF was strongly pH dependent at an excitation wavelength of 495 nm, but pH independent at 440 nm excitation. In contrast, intracellular fluorescence of C-NBD-L and CDC-NBD-L was pH independent. All three FBA were secreted into the canalicular space of approximately 50% to 60% of couplets. Cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion with either CN- or atractyloside inhibited secretion of all three FBA. The multispecific organic anion transporter (MOAT) inhibitor, chlorodinitrobenzene, blocked secretion of fluorescent MOAT substrates at a concentration of 1 mumol/L. At this concentration it did not affect secretion of the three FBA. At higher concentrations, chlorodinitrobenzene partially inhibited the canalicular secretion of CGamF but not the other two FBA. In conclusion, all three FBA are secreted by canalicular membrane bile acid transporters, but the sinusoidal uptake characteristics of CGamF and C-NBD-L are more similar than those of CDC-NBD-L to the transport properties of cholyltaurine. Therefore, C-NBD-L appears to be the best of the three for studies of conjugated trihydroxy-bile acid transport in hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0641, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Maglova
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Carruth
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Schteingart
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Ton-Nu
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Weinman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D001648:Bile Canaliculi / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002793:Cholic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002793:Cholic Acids; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C095009:chenodeoxycholyl-nitrobenzoxadiazolyl-lysine; C095008:cholyl-nitrobenzoxadiazolyl-lysine; C090312:cholylglycylamidofluorescein; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid; D012964:Sodium; D008239:Lysine