title: Immunoglobulin E antibodies to papaya proteinases and their relevance to chemonucleolysis.
abstract: METHODS
  Levels of four papaya cysteine proteinases were determined in Chymodiactin, a pharmaceutical preparation of chymopapain (EC 3.4.22.6) used in chemonucleolysis for the treatment of sciatica. Twelve sera known to contain immunoglobulin E antibodies to Chymodiactin were assayed for immunoglobulin E antibodies to these enzymes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study was to determine what contribution each of the four proteinases makes to the allergic response that occasionally occurs during injection of a damaged intervertebral disc with chymopapain preparations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The occurrence of an allergic reaction during chemonucleolysis implies prior sensitization to components of the injected enzyme solution. The latex of the unripe fruit of the papaya plant Carica papaya, from which chymopapain is purified, contains another three immunologically distinct cysteine proteinases: 1) caricain (EC 3.4.22.30), 2) glycyl endopeptidase (EC 3.4.22.25), and 3) papain (EC 3.4.22.2).
  
  
  METHODS
  A dot-blot immunoassay was developed to quantify each enzyme in Chymodiactin. Total serum immunoglobulin E levels and specific immunoglobulin E antibody levels to each of the four papaya cysteine proteinases were assayed by an enzyme-linked immunoassay in 12 sera containing immunoglobulin E antibodies to Chymodiactin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chymodiactin contained 70% chymopapain, 20% caricain, 4% glycyl endopeptidase, and 0.1% papain. Immunoglobulin E antibodies to all four proteinases were found in most of the 12 sera, but in varying proportions. Antibodies to glycyl endopeptidase were predominant in eight sera, and the mean amounts of immunoglobulin E directed against each protein were: glycyl endopeptidase, 4.21 IU/ml; caricain, 2.9 IU/ml; chymopapain, 1.97 IU/ml; and papain, 1.39 IU/ml. Total serum immunoglobulin E levels showed little correlation with immunoglobulin E responses to Chymodiactin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that removal of glycyl endopeptidase and caricain from pharmaceutical preparations of chymopapain may help reduce the incidence of allergic reactions during chemonucleolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dando
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buttle
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D002917:Chymopapain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D007404:Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis; D008297:Male; D010206:Papain / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D010940:Plant Proteins
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D010206:Papain; C050874:glycyl endopeptidase; C039974:caricain; D002917:Chymopapain