title: Pharmacokinetics of an anti-human immunodeficiency virus antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate (GEM 91) in HIV-infected subjects.
abstract: Human pharmacokinetics of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate (GEM 91) developed as an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agent was carried out in this study. 35S-Labeled GEM 91 was administered to six HIV-infected individuals by means of 2-hour intravenous infusions at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Plasma disappearance curves for GEM 91-derived radioactivity could be described by the sum of two exponentials, with half-life values of 0.18 +/- 0.04 and 26.71 +/- 1.67 hours. The radioactivity in plasma was further evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showing the presence of both intact GEM 91 and lower molecular weight metabolites. Urinary excretion represented the major pathway of elimination, with 49.15% +/- 6.80% of the administered dose excreted within 24 hours and 70.37% +/- 6.72% over 96 hours after dosing. The radioactivity in urine was associated with lower molecular weight metabolites. No drug-related toxicity was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-0019, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shahinian
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shahinian
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Saag
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Temsamani
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D001483:Base Sequence; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D013462:Sulfur Radioisotopes; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D013462:Sulfur Radioisotopes; D013873:Thionucleotides; C079996:GEM91