title: The influence of volumetric tumor doubling time, DNA ploidy, and histologic grade on the survival of patients with intracranial astrocytomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the prediction of individual survival in patients with intracranial astrocytomas through the analysis of volumetric tumor doubling time (VDt) and DNA ploidy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot study was retrospectively conducted on a group of 25 patients with intracranial astrocytomas in whom recurrent and/or progressive disease was observed on serial contrast-enhanced CT or MR examinations. VDt was computed using two or more data points from a semilogarithmic plot of tumor volume versus time. Size-adjusted survival was calculated using a method based on VDt and initial tumor volume to decrease the lead time bias attributable to differing tumor sizes at presentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Slower VDt was associated with significantly longer survival and size-adjusted survival as determined by a univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. Aneuploidy was a significant indicator of poor survival. Aneuploid and multiclonal astrocytomas had poor size-adjusted survivals compared with diploid astrocytomas. Grade IV astrocytomas had significantly poorer survival and size-adjusted survival compared with lower grades (I to III), which individually were not significantly correlated. However, grade IV histology was not a significant independent predictor of size-adjusted survival in a multivariate Cox model, whereas VDt and DNA ploidy remained significant. VDt also had a significant direct linear correlation to survival and size-adjusted survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VDt and DNA ploidy were more sensitive than histologic grading as indicators of individual survival. Initial tumor size needs to be considered when staging and assessing survival in patients with intracranial astrocytomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Stanford (Calif) University School of Medicine, USA.S
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Blankenberg
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Teplitz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Salamat
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Boothroyd
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Enzmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm