title: The alpha 4 integrin chain is a ligand for alpha 4 beta 7 and alpha 4 beta 1.
abstract: The heterodimeric alpha 4 integrins alpha 4 beta 7 lymphocyte Peyer's patch adhesion molecule ([LPAM]-1) and alpha 4 beta 1 (very late antigen-4) are cell surface adhesion molecules involved in lymphocyte trafficking and lymphocyte-cell and matrix interactions. Known cellular ligands include vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, which binds to alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 7, and the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM)-1, which binds to alpha 4 beta 7. Here we show that the alpha 4 chain of these integrins can itself serve as a ligand. The alpha 4 chain, immunoaffinity purified and immobilized on glass slides, binds thymocytes and T lymphocytes. Binding exhibits divalent cation requirements and temperature sensitivity which are characteristic of integrin-mediated interactions, and is specifically inhibited by anti-alpha 4 integrin antibodies, which exert their effect at the cell surface. Cells expressing exclusively alpha 4 beta 7 (TK-1) or alpha 4 beta 1 (L1-2) both bound avidly, whereas alpha 4-negative cells did not. A soluble 34-kD alpha 4 chain fragment retained binding activity, and it inhibited lymphocyte adhesion to alpha 4 ligands. It has been shown that alpha 4 integrin binding to fibronectin involves an leucine-aspartic acid-valine (LDV) motif in the HepII/IIICS region of fibronectin (CS-1 peptide), and homologous sequences are important in binding to VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1. Three conserved LDV motifs occur in the extracellular sequence of alpha 4. A synthetic LDV-containing alpha 4-derived oligopeptide supports alpha 4-integrin-dependent lymphocyte adhesion and blocks binding to the 34-kD alpha 4 chain fragment. Our results suggest that alpha 4 beta 7 and alpha 4 beta 1 integrins may be able to bind to the alpha 4 subunit on adjacent cells, providing a novel mechanism for alpha 4 integrin-mediated and activation-regulated lymphocyte interactions during immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Tumor Immunology Programme, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Altevogt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hubbe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruppert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lohr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von Hoegen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sammar
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Butcher
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008024:Ligands; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D016029:Receptors, Very Late Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016023:Integrins; D008024:Ligands; D009842:Oligopeptides; D016029:Receptors, Very Late Antigen; C071777:integrin alpha4beta7