title: Positive and negative symptom course in chronic community-based patients. A two-year prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long-term symptom profile of chronic out-patients was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  242 out-patients receiving neuroleptic medications (109 with schizophrenia and 133 non-schizophrenics), were studied for positive (SAPS) and negative (SANS) symptoms at baseline and at 24 months to investigate whether these symptom groups changed over outpatient maintenance treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall and within groups, negative symptoms decreased and positive symptoms increased. While the sums of the SANS scores for the schizophrenic patients were initially higher, their mean SANS score dropped more over time (P < 0.001), to show no difference from non-schizophrenics at follow-up. Positive symptoms increased in both groups, although schizophrenics were higher at both times; sub-scales within the SANS showed different patterns of change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Support is found for a multidimensional view of both positive and negative symptoms and for a reconsideration of the notion of 'progressive downward course' in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06504, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Quinlan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuldberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Glazer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D010359:Patient Readmission; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents