title: Ras-effector interactions, the problem of specificity.
abstract: Ras plays the role of a molecular switch in many cellular signalling pathways. The Raf-kinase has been identified as the direct target molecule of Ras in mammalian cells. However, in recent reports other proteins have been characterised as putative Ras effectors which have neither a functional nor a structural relationship to each other. In addition it has been shown that also other members of the Ras family like Rap and R-Ras can interact with some of these proteins. To address the problem of specificity and of biological relevance of the interactions, they have to be carefully quantified and the cellular localisation of the proteins involved taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Abteilung Strukturelle Biologie, Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wittinghofer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D018631:ras Proteins