title: Direct bladder stimulation with percutaneous electrodes and impedance monitoring of volume in an SCI animal model.
abstract: Bladder responses to percutaneous electrodes were investigated with stimulation in three male spinal cats. The animals had been spinalized (T1 level lesion) 10 weeks prior to these studies and had been instrumented with chronic bladder had been spinalized (T1 level lesion) 10 weeks prior to these studies and had been instrumented with chronic bladder wall electrodes and suprapubic bladder catheters for filling and pressure recording. percutaneous stimulation in tethered animals was conducted wit hook electrodes inserted with a needle in the abdomen bilaterally adjacent to the bladder trigone. Stimulation was conducted with 40 Hz pulse trains of 10 to 30 mA for three seconds. Stimulation with both percutaneous and chronic electrodes induced high bladder pressures and voiding. In addition, with chronically implanted electrodes, impedance monitoring of bladder volume was found to be an effective recording technique.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Hines VA Hospital, IL 60141, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zaszczurynski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riedy
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Scarpine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004594:Electrophysiology; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*