title: Sequential urinalysis improves evaluation of fetal renal function in obstructive uropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to determine whether sequential vesicocenteses improve the evaluation of renal damage, compared with single urine sampling in obstructive uropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29 fetuses with complete obstructive uropathy underwent a minimum of three sequential complete vesicocenteses at 48- to 72-hour intervals. First and last urine values were analyzed for multiple parameters. The ability of first versus last urine values to detect the presence of renal damage was compared according to postnatal or fetal autopsy information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetuses with minimal renal damage had patterns of decreasing hypertonicity and last urine values below cutoff thresholds indicative of favorable prognosis. Fetuses with significant renal damage had higher initial values and patterns of increasing hypertonicity. For five of six parameters, last urine samples were more predictive of renal damage than first urine samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Last urine values together with pattern-of-change trend analysis after serial vesicocenteses improve diagnostic precision in fetuses with complete obstructive uropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bradfield
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Flake
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D004573:Electrolytes / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011677:Punctures; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes