title: Extraordinarily high eosinophilia and elevated serum interleukin-5 level observed in a patient infected with Paragonimus westermani.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although eosinophilia is one of the typical clinical features of some helminth infections, the degree of eosinophilia in helminthiasis is usually 10% to 30% with a total white blood cell count of 10,000 to 20,000/mm3. Here we report a case of extraordinarily high eosinophilia (91%; absolute eosinophil count, 84,000/mm3) caused by Paragonimus westermani infection. To determine the mechanisms of eosinophilia, the levels of several eosinophilopoietic cytokines in the patient's sera were measured during the course of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of three cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-5 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kits or our own assay system for IL-5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the kinetic changes of IL-5 correlated well with eosinophilia, the serum IL-3 level remained below the detection level throughout the period examined. Although the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor level was twofold to threefold higher than the normal level, its kinetics did not parallel the degree of eosinophilia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that Paragonimus westermani infection can induce an extraordinarily high level of eosinophilia with an associated increase in IL-5 production. Immunoserologic diagnosis for parasitic diseases should be included in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Minamata City General Hospital and Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taniyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Migita
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000097:blood*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000097:blood; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood*; D008174:Lung Diseases, Parasitic / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010237:Paragonimiasis / Q000097:blood*; D010238:Paragonimus
chemical_list: D007377:Interleukin-3; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor