title: Regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by CTP.
abstract: In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the major membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine is synthesized by the CDP-diacylglycerol and CDP-choline pathways. We examined the regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis by CTP. The cellular concentration of CTP was elevated (2.4-fold) by overexpressing CTP synthetase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of CTP. The overexpression of CTP synthetase resulted in a 2-fold increase in the utilization of the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine synthesis. The increase in CDP-choline pathway usage was not due to an increase in the expression of any of the enzymes in this pathway. CDP-choline, the product of the phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase reaction, was the limiting intermediate in the CDP-choline pathway. The apparent Km of CTP (1.4 mM) for phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase was 2-fold higher than the cellular concentration of CTP (0.7 mM) in control cells. This provided an explanation of why the overexpression of CTP synthetase caused an increase in the cellular concentration of CDP-choline. Phosphatidylserine synthase activity was reduced in cells overexpressing CTP synthetase. This was not due to a transcriptional repression mechanism. Instead, the decrease in phosphatidylserine synthase activity was due, at least in part, to a direct inhibition of activity by CTP. These results show that CTP plays a role in the regulation of the pathways by which phosphatidylcholine is synthesized. This regulation includes the supple of CTP for the phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase reaction in the CDP-choline pathway and the inhibition of the phosphatidylserine synthase reaction in the CDP-diacylglycerol pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Buxeda
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozier-Kalogeropoulos
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Adeline
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: McMaster
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Carman
mesh_terms: D010717:CDPdiacylglycerol-Serine O-Phosphatidyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003570:Cytidine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002798:Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008025:Ligases / Q000502:physiology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline; D003570:Cytidine Triphosphate; D002798:Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase; D010717:CDPdiacylglycerol-Serine O-Phosphatidyltransferase; D008025:Ligases; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; C019951:CTP synthetase