title: Dynamic quantification, visualisation and animation of blood velocities and flows in infrarenal aortic aneurysms in vivo by three-dimensional MR phase velocity encoding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) phase velocity encoding techniques were developed for assessment of three-dimensional blood flow patterns and regional blood flows in infrarenal aortic aneurysms in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms were investigated before elective surgery with a 1.5 Tesla MR-scanner. Standard multislice spin-echo sequences were used for aneurysm imaging. A flow-adjusted gradients sequence (FLAG) provided three-dimensional vector plots depicting local blood flow velocities as functions of time and anatomical position. Computer-generated animated presentations of the vectors were developed to ease data analysis and interpretation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood flow patterns in infrarenal aortic aneurysms were much more complex than previously believed. Their main characteristics were simultaneous breakdown of the antegrade flow and creation of major retrograde flow components. Major pattern determinants included inlet geometry and lumen morphology, especially presence or absence of a thrombus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frictional forces generated within the lumen as a result of the breakdown of laminar flows are probably translated to the aneurysm wall and contribute to thrombus formation, aneurysm growth and risk of rupture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Skejby Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laustsen
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Paaske
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oyre
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged