title: Intraoperative photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to surgery for recurrent rectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Locally recurrent rectal cancer is a difficult management problem for the surgical oncologist. Current therapies including radical surgery, radiation and chemotherapy have had little success in producing curative results for these patients. This study incorporated intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to radical surgery for the treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients were enrolled in a prospective feasibility study and injected with Photofrin (Quadra Logic Technologies, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) before surgery. Eight patients were found to be candidates and received PDT after surgical exploration and resection. Seven patients had rectal adenocarcinoma and one had squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the indication for PDT, three patient groups were evaluated: group A, resection of all gross disease with negative pathologic margins in four patients; group B, resection of gross disease with positive pathologic margins in two; and group C, residual bulky tumor in two patients. There was one perioperative death (12.5%), not related to PDT, and one major morbidity due to PDT (12.5%). Local recurrence occurred in six patients (two in group A, two in group B, two in group C). Mean overall survival was 15.4 months for group A, 6.5 months for group B, and 24.5 months for group C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that intraoperative PDT may be administered safely in patients undergoing resection of recurrent rectal cancer. However, its use in the present state of technology appears to be inadequate for control of disease, particularly if bulky tumor or residual microscopic disease is left behind.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Harlow
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Bigas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mang
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Petrelli
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D017324:Hematoporphyrin Derivative / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017324:Hematoporphyrin Derivative