title: Adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the tolerance and effect of moderate-dose recombinant human interleukin-2 (rHu IL-2) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) or renal cell carcinoma (RCC) refractory to standard therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients (18 MM and eight RCC) were entered onto this pilot study. TIL were isolated from fresh biopsy material and activated with anti-CD3 antibody, OKT3, for 48 hours and expanded in 100 IU/mL r-methionyl Hu IL-2 alanine 125 (r-met Hu IL-2 [ala-125]). At least 10(10) TIL were reinfused intravenously in three divided injections on days 2, 4, and 6 of the protocol. A maximum dose of 30,000 U/kg of IL-2 per injection was administered every 8 hours from day 2 through day 11 for a total of 28 doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen melanoma patients completed the study. Of these, three (19%) showed a durable complete response (CR), nine (56%) had no response (NR), and four (25%) had progressive disease (PD). One nonresponder demonstrated complete tumor regression within 1 year of treatment. Of four assessable RCC patients, two experienced a minor response (MR) and two showed NR. All TIL cultures showed comparably high cytotoxic activity as determined by antibody-redirected lysis (ARL). More importantly, melanoma TIL from responders possessed significantly higher cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells than TIL from nonresponders (P < .05). Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-4 was similar for TIL from melanoma responders and nonresponders, or TIL from RCC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunotherapy with polyclonally activated TIL and moderate-dose IL-2 could be successfully used for the treatment of immunogenic tumors with less toxicity and lower costs as compared with high-dose IL-2 protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Goedegebuure
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Douville
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Schoof
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scavone
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Eberlein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016853:Muromonab-CD3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016853:Muromonab-CD3; D011994:Recombinant Proteins