title: Hirulog in the treatment of unstable angina. Results of the Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) 7 trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Direct thrombin inhibitors are a new class of drugs that may offer a more effective and potentially simpler alternative to heparin. Hirulog is a synthetic peptide based on the leech-derived compound hirudin and, like hirudin, is a highly specific, direct inhibitor of free and clot-bound thrombin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TIMI 7 was a randomized, double-blind study of Hirulog, given with 325 mg/d aspirin to 410 patients with unstable angina. Patients received a constant infusion of Hirulog for 72 hours at one of four doses: 0.02 (n = 160), 0.25 (n = 81), 0.5 (n = 88), and 1.0 (n = 81) mg.kg-1.h-1. The primary efficacy end point was "unsatisfactory outcome," defined as death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), rapid clinical deterioration, or recurrent ischemic pain at rest with ECG changes by 72 hours. Unsatisfactory outcome was not different among the four dose groups: 8.1%, 6.2%, 11.4%, and 6.2% (P = NS). However, the secondary end point of death or nonfatal MI through hospital discharge occurred in 10.0% of patients treated with 0.02 mg.kg-1.h-1 compared with 3.2% of patients treated with the three higher doses of Hirulog (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg.kg-1.h-1, P = .008). Only 2 of 410 patients (0.5%) experienced a major hemorrhage attributed to Hirulog.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The direct thrombin inhibitor Hirulog is a promising new antithrombotic agent that deserves further study. The results of TIMI 7 lend support to the use of an antithrombin agent with aspirin in patients with unstable angina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cannon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D006629:Hirudins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013917:Thrombin; D001241:Aspirin; C074619:bivalirudin