title: Lumbar discectomy: use of an epidural morphine sponge for postoperative pain control.
abstract: A technique for extended ambulatory epidural pain control after lumbar discectomy is described; preliminary results with 45 patients are reported; and alternative methods of narcotic analgesia are reviewed. In this technique, an absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam, Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI) is contoured to the laminotomy defect, placed in methylprednisolone acetate (40-80 mg), and then injected with 2 to 4 mg of preservative-free morphine (a small needle was used to fill the sponge). The sponge is placed over the defect before closure. A review of office and hospital records was conducted. The series consisted of 33 men and 12 women (mean age, 39 yr; range, 24-57 yr); records showed narcotic use in 34 patients (parenteral in 3) and work-related injuries in 14 patients. Thirty-three patients were ambulatory postoperatively on the day of surgery; all were ambulatory by postoperative day (POD) 1. On the day of surgery, 18 patients did not require any postoperative analgesics; on POD 1, 22 patients did not require analgesics. Six patients received parenteral narcotics; four received one dose only, and two had two or more doses. Thirty-one patients were discharged from the hospital on POD 1, and 10 were discharged POD 2. The other patients were discharged from the hospital on POD 3 (three patients) or POD 4 (one patient). When they were discharged, all patients received a limited supply of acetaminophen with codeine for pain control at home. After discharge, phone follow-up (at 1 week) and office follow-ups (at 3-5 weeks) revealed only one patient with more than mild discomfort. Three patients required one-time bladder catheterization, and one patient had presumed discitis 1 month postoperatively. In a control group who had undergone surgery 3 months previously, the average day of discharge had been POD 3.07; no control patient had been discharged on POD 1, and only 20% had been discharged on POD 2. This method provides effective, safe, and extended analgesia after lumbar discectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Budny
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004434:Early Ambulation; D005260:Female; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015503:Surgical Sponges
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine