title: Intraplaque haemorrhage at carotid artery surgery--a predictor of cardiovascular mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain whether carotid intraplaque haemorrhage (IH) in patients undergoing carotid artery surgery is a predictor of increased cardiac mortality over a 5.5 year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid artery plaques were obtained at surgery from 47 consecutive patients (41 men, six women), median age 67 (range 48-81) years, with symptoms of carotid transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) or carotid territory minor stroke. As determined at preoperative angiography, the degree of stenosis was 50-99%. Specimens were classified histologically as manifesting severe atherosclerosis, fibrous plaque, IH, or residual IH debris.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical Angiology and Vascular Surgery Units, Malmö General Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlation between mortality and IH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up after 5.5 years, mortality was 28% (13/47) overall, 92% (12/13) in the IH subgroup [of stroke (n = 1) or myocardial infarction (n = 11)], but only 3% (1/34), of pancreatic cancer, in the non-IH subgroup (P = 0.0001). Mortality was also significantly higher in the severe atherosclerosis than in the fibrous plaque subgroup, 39% (12/31) vs. 6% (1/16) (P = 0.044), but not significantly increased in any other subgroup (fibrous plaque, residual IH, TIA, minor stroke, or acetylsalicylic acid or anticoagulant treatment). No correlation existed between IH or death and haemoglobin value or platelet count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence of recent IH seen at carotid artery surgery may be a marker of cardiovascular mortality. As IH was also found in a post-mortem control subgroup, the difference may be due to abnormality in blood components (e.g., coagulation factors) or impaired vessel-wall healing capacity (e.g. endothelial dysfunction).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mätzsch
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Sternby
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bergqvist
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stavenow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests