title: Relative efficacy of glucarate on the initiation and promotion phases of rat mammary carcinogenesis.
abstract: The independent effects of the potential cancer chemopreventive agent calcium glucarate (CGT) when fed (128 mmol/kg diet) during the initiation (I), promotion (P) or (I+P) phases of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis, was compared to that of the known chemopreventive agent N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) fed (2.0 mmol/kg diet) during these same phases. CGT and especially 4-HPR both significantly increased tumor latency when fed during the P-phase. When fed during I, P or I+P phases mammary tumor incidence was reduced compared to the controls 33%, 42% and 67% by 4-HPR and 18%, 42% and 50% by CGT. Similarly, tumor multiplicity was significantly reduced by either agent. For example, as compared to the corresponding control, when fed during the I, P or I+P phases 4-HPR reduced tumor multiplicity 63, 34 and 63%, while CGT reduced tumor multiplicity 28, 42 and 63% respectively. CGT, like 4-HPR, acts on both the I and P phases with the effect being maximal when fed during P and I+P phases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abou-Issa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moeschberger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: el-Masry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tejwani
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Curley
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division; D005260:Female; D017313:Fenretinide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005937:Glucaric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D017313:Fenretinide; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D005937:Glucaric Acid