title: [Usefulness of a protocol for carotid sinus massage in supine and erect postures in patients with syncope without other cardiovascular or neurological diseases].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid sinus massage is a first level test when investigating the cause of syncope. It is normally performed in the supine and erect positions. However, there is no standard complete protocol. So we have devised a new protocol to evaluate the utility of carotid sinus massage in different postures and the influence of patients age on the response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of subjects were selected: a group of 167 patients (mean age 50 ys +/- 18, 105 males, 62 females) with a history of syncope without cardiovascular and neurological disease and 20 asymptomatic control subjects (mean age 52 ys +/- 13, 11 males, 9 females). Carotid sinus massage was performed supine, just after passive tilt, after 5 minutes of tilt and just after passive return to supine. If a pause > 3" was detected, the protocol was repeated after atropine i.v. injection.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Borderline vasodepressor: blood pressure reduction > 30 but < 50 mm Hg without symptoms; vasodepressor: blood pressure reduction > 50 mm Hg or > 30 mm Hg with symptoms like dizziness, vertigo or syncope; cardioinhibitory: pause > 3"; mixed: cardioinhibitory with blood pressure reduction > 30 mm Hg after atropine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carotid sinus massage gave all informations in the supine position in 14 (12%) patients, after passive tilt in 67 (57%), after 5 minutes of tilt in 30 (26%), and after return to supine in 6 (5%). The responses were: 13 (8%) borderline vasodepressor, 32 (19%) vasodepressor, 2 (1%) cardioinhibitory, 70 (42%) mixed, 50 (30%) negative. Positive responses were more frequent in patients over 45 years (90% versus 43%). In the control group only 3 (15%) positive responses were elicited (2 borderline vasodepressor, and 1 vasodepressor, all in subjects over 45).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This protocol for carotid sinus massage evidenced positive responses in 70% of patients with syncope without cardiovascular and neurological disease; cardioinhibitory responses are rare (2%); positive responses are more frequent in patients over 45 years; the protocol specificity was 85%.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale Civile di Asti.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bocchiardo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alciati
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buscemi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cravetto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richiardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002346:Carotid Sinus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D013575:Syncope / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors
vernacular_title: Utilità di un protocollo di massaggio del seno carotideo in clino ed ortostatismo in pazienti con sincope senza altre patologie cardiovascolari o neurologiche.