title: Heterogeneity of cytokine and growth factor gene expression in human melanoma cells with different metastatic potentials.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the mRNA expression level of multiple cytokine and growth factor genes in human malignant melanoma. Melanoma cells were isolated from several surgical specimens, adapted to growth in culture, characterized for their ability to produce experimental metastases in nude mice, and assessed for cytokine and growth factor steady-state gene expression. Highly metastatic in vivo- and in vitro-derived variants isolated from a single melanoma, A375, were also analyzed. Northern blot analyses revealed that all melanomas analyzed constitutively expressed steady-state mRNA transcripts for the growth and angiogenic factors, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), which correlated with metastatic propensity. Only one highly metastatic melanoma, TXM-1, originally isolated from a lymph node metastasis, expressed mRNA transcripts specific for monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Similarly, of the nine melanomas examined, only TXM-1 expressed interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6, important immunomodulatory cytokines. These data demonstrate the differential and heterogeneous expression of cytokine and growth factor genes in human malignant melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radinsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D013006:Growth Hormone