title: Initial and steady-state pharmacokinetics of a vaginally administered formulation of progesterone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pharmacokinetics of a 100 mg vaginal progesterone suppository was evaluated on days 1 and 7 and a 200 mg suppository on day 14. All the volunteers were given oral 17 beta-estradiol during the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten postmenopausal women volunteered for this study. Progesterone was given as a vaginal suppository. Peripheral venous samples were obtained at appropriate intervals and analyzed for 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone levels. Area under the curve for progesterone was assessed by the trapezoidal method. Statistical analysis was performed by a one-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum 17 beta-estradiol levels ranged from 22 to 182 pg/ml. Maximal serum progesterone levels ranged from 5.7 to 20.9 ng/ml, with the mean maximal levels 13.97, 16.09, and 12.68 ng/ml (not significantly different) and a mean area under the curve of 168.13, 207.64 and 227.71 ng/ml per hour on days 1, 7, and 14 (not statistically different).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that vaginal absorption of progesterone is efficient. The lack of difference in the area under the curve for both doses suggests that the vaginal mucosa or the total surface area of the vagina may limit the absorption of progesterone from the vagina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Fahy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viniegra-Sibal
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Snipes
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Foldesy
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013488:Suppositories
chemical_list: D013488:Suppositories; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol