title: TGF-beta is important in determining the in vivo patterns of susceptibility or resistance in mice infected with Candida albicans.
abstract: Resistance and susceptibility of mice to systemic infection with the fungus Candida albicans are associated with the preferential expansion of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. In this study, endogenous production of TGF-beta was found to be increased soon after infection of healer mice with a live vaccine strain of the fungus, but down-regulated in nonhealer mice with virulent yeast challenge. Although not affecting the outcome of primary challenge, serologic ablation of TGF-beta in the former animals abrogated development of acquired resistance and resulted in impaired production of IL-12/IFN-gamma and higher expression of IL-4/IL-10 at the time of reinfection with virulent yeast. A CD4+ population expressing the memory phenotype, CD44highMEL-14low, which appeared to be expanded by yeast infection of nonhealer mice, was similarly increased in the healer mice by anti-TGF-beta treatment. In vitro rTGF-beta impaired the candidacidal function of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages. Yet in nonhealer mice infected with virulent C. albicans, administration of rTGF-beta delayed progression of the disease, which was concomitant with the detection of lower levels of IL-4. In addition to previous evidence for an obligatory role of IFN-gamma and IL-12 in Candida-driven Th1 cell differentiation in vivo, the present data establish TGF-beta as a third cytokine, the presence of which may be required for optimal Th1 development leading to long-lived anticandidal resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spaccapelo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tonnetti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cenci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mencacci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Sero
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tognellini
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puccetti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bistoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D009569:Nitric Oxide