Proteases and protease receptors in modulation of leukocyte effector functions.
Cellular immune responses depend on regulated pathways of intracellular signal transduction and leukocyte activation. Although these mechanisms are coordinated by a variety of leukocyte-restricted effector molecules, recent observations have uncovered a novel role of proteases in transducing outside-in signals of leukocyte activation. Through regulated, receptor-mediated recognitions, coagulation and fibrinolytic enzymes or effector cell granular proteases influence monocyte motility and chemotaxis, modulate pleiotropic cytokine responses, contribute to mononuclear cell proliferation, or induce target cell apoptosis. Overall, these mechanisms define a novel interface between general inflammatory reactions, invariably characterized by activation of blood protease cascades, and specialized aspects of cellular immune functions.
Altieri
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Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
D000818:Animals; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000077022:Survivin; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000077022:Survivin; D010450:Endopeptidases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D013917:Thrombin; D015951:Factor Xa; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator