title: Generation of cytotoxic effector cells against human melanoma.
abstract: Metastatic or tumor-draining lymph nodes from six of nine melanoma patients undergoing lymph node dissection for metastatic melanoma generated cytotoxic T cells against autologous melanoma when these lymph node cells were treated by in vitro sensitization and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2). During the initial lymphocyte culture (2-6 weeks), cross-reactivity with autologous tumor cells, K562 and Daudi cells was usually noted. Cold-target inhibition assay with K562 and Daudi showed K562/Daudi-associated antigens on melanoma cells. During the later phase of lymphocyte culture with repeated in vitro sensitization (over 6-10 weeks), cytotoxicity was noted against autologous and allogeneic melanoma cells but not against K562. Daudi cells or autologous fibroblasts. Repeated in vitro sensitization resulted in the selection of specific cytotoxic lymphocytes against melanoma. Cold-target inhibition assay with autologous and allogeneic melanoma cells revealed shared and individual antigens. Using blocking monoclonal antibodies, MHC-restricted killing was noted in the autologous system. Further, both the autologous and allogeneic systems could be mediated through adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and LFA-3 on melanoma cells and LFA-1 on T cells. This study suggests that a constellation of cytotoxic effector cells and melanoma-associated antigens may be pivotal in tumor killing. Thus, future adoptive immunotherapy should modulate and enhance this complex interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Granberry
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spier
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000032:analysis; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins