title: Protective effect of cyclosporin A on white matter changes in the rat brain after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activation of glial cells and rarefaction of the white matter have been reported in rat brain after bilateral permanent occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Using this model, we investigated the effects of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A on the activation of glial cells and the white matter rarefaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both common carotid arteries were ligated bilaterally in 40 male Wistar rats. Twenty-two of these rats received an intraperitoneal injection of cyclosporin A, and the remaining 18 received a vehicle-solution injection. Microglia/macrophages were investigated with immunohistochemistry for the major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens as well as for leukocyte common antigen. Astroglia were examined with glial fibrillary acidic protein as a marker. Activation of glial cells and white matter rarefaction were then investigated from 7 to 30 days after the ligation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vehicle-treated animals, there was a persistent and extensive activation of both microglia/macrophages and astroglia in the white matter, including the optic nerve, optic tract, corpus callosum, internal capsule, and traversing fiber bundles of the caudoputamen. In cyclosporin A-treated rats, the number of activated microglia/macrophages was significantly reduced (P < .01) to approximately one fifth of that in vehicle-treated animals. Similarly, rarefaction of the white matter was much less intense in cyclosporin A-treated rats (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclosporin A suppressed both glial activation and white matter changes after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. These results suggest that immunologic reaction may play a role in the pathogenesis of the white matter changes and that the present model may be useful in investigating the pathophysiology of white matter changes induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomimoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akiguchi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D016572:Cyclosporine