title: N,S-bis-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylglutathione: a new, very potent inhibitor of mammalian glyoxalase II.
abstract: A very potent competitive inhibitor of mammalian glyoxalase II activity, N,S-bis-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylglutathione (DiFMOC-G) has been synthesized and characterized. The Ki value for inhibition of glyoxalase II purified from calf liver is 0.08 microM. The Ki values for glyoxalase I inhibitions range from 285 to 500 fold higher than the values obtained for glyoxalase II inhibitions, depending on the source of the enzyme. Among other enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism, such as glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase, only glutathione S-transferase is inhibited to a small extent by DiFMOC-G. Diesters of DiFMOC-G were prepared in order to improve transport of DiFMOC-G into mammalian tumor cells (rat adrenal pheochromocytoma, PC-12) in culture. Among the diesters synthesized, diisopropyl DiFMOC-G was found to be the most inhibitory to cell viability, with a [I]0.5 value of 3 microM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, University of North Texas, Denton 76203, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chyan
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Principato
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giovannini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosi
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Norton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001692:Biological Transport; D002417:Cattle; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000099301:Hydroxyacylglutathione Hydrolase
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005449:Fluorenes; D005978:Glutathione; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; D000099301:Hydroxyacylglutathione Hydrolase; C094901:N,S-bis-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylglutathione