title: Human bioassays to assess environmental genotoxicity: development of a DNA break bioassay in HepG2 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing interest in environmental health issues has created a demand for improved methods for the assessment of pollutant effects on humans. Our laboratory has developed an in vitro assay for the quantification of genotoxicity, monitored as DNA single strand breaks (SSB), in the HepG2 human hepatoma cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  This assay procedure, which is based upon alkaline unwinding and hydroxylapatite DNA chromatography, is both rapid and simple to perform.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HepG2 cells responded to the standard mutagen, 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, demonstrating SSB formation at concentrations above 0.1 mumol/L. Phenanthrene-9,10-quinone, a component of diesel exhaust, mediated SSB formation at concentrations above 250 nmol/L. Finally, an extract of contaminated sediment from the Great Lakes Basin mediated SSB formation in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results illustrate the utility of this human genotoxicity assay for future use in screening of environmental pollutants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hasspieler
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alipour
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adeli
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D001681:Biological Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000633:toxicity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; C005399:9,10-phenanthrenequinone; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide