title: Clinical correlates of early-onset and late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors' goal was to determine if generalized anxiety diagnosed while a patient was hospitalized for stroke (early onset) had the same clinical correlates as anxiety beginning 3 months or more after the stroke (late onset).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with acute stroke (N = 142) were examined while they were in the hospital and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months later for the presence of anxiety symptoms. Patients underwent a structured psychiatric interview as well as assessment of cognitive, physical, and social function at each visit. Patients with early-onset and late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety were identified and compared to patients without poststroke generalized anxiety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of early-onset poststroke generalized anxiety was 27% and that of late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety was 23%. Three-quarters of the anxious patients had comorbid major or minor depression. Patients who developed early-onset or late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety were no more socially, cognitively, or physically impaired than patients who did not develop anxiety. Early-onset but not late-onset anxiety was associated with a previous history of psychiatric disorder. The median duration of late-onset anxiety was 3.0 months, and that of early-onset anxiety was 1.5 months. The presence of anxiety was significantly associated with depression; onset of depression and onset of anxiety occurred at approximately the same time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that although early-onset and late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety are phenomenologically similar, they may be the result of different pathophysiological mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242-1057, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales