Insulin-like growth factors.
The insulin-like growth factors I and II are single chain polypeptides homologous to proinsulin. IGF I and IGF II contribute to cell regulation and stimulate protein synthesis via signaling through type 1 receptors which are homologous to insulin receptors and activate phosphorylation cascades. IGFs enhance the proliferation of chondocytes and the proliferation of their collagen and proteoglycan matrix; IGFs stimulate longitudinal (endochondral) bone growth. Throughout life, IGFs are constitutively expressed ubiquitous factors which help to maintain the survival of differentiated cells, Increased expression is found during growth and tissue repair, Six specific binding proteins, IGFBP 1-6, allow additional tissue compartment specific control of IGF activity; IGFBP production favours storage and IGFBP cleavage leads to activation.
Schmid
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Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000188:drug therapy; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D003094:Collagen; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1