title: Swim training alters sympathoadrenal and endocrine responses to hemorrhage in borderline hypertensive rats.
abstract: Swim training alters cardiovascular, sympathoadrenal, and endocrine responses to hemorrhage in borderline hypertensive rats (BHR). The effects of 10, 20, and 30% blood volume hemorrhages on cardiovascular, sympathoadrenal, and endocrine function in swim-trained (T; 2 h/day, 5 day/wk for 10-12 wk) and age-matched, untrained, sedentary, control (UT) borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) were assessed. Heart rate (HR) in UT BHR was significantly greater during the baseline (rest) period than T BHR. HR increased slightly from baseline in both groups after 10% hemorrhage but was significantly decreased in both groups after 20 and 30% hemorrhages. The decrease was eliminated by atropine (1 mg/kg iv). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures decreased significantly after 20 and 30% hemorrhages in both T and UT BHR but were not different between the groups at these times. Plasma norepinephrine levels were significantly increased above baseline after 20 and 30% hemorrhages in UT BHR and were significantly greater in UT BHR than T BHR after 30% hemorrhage. Plasma glucose levels increased significantly after 30% hemorrhage in both groups but were significantly greater in UT BHR than T BHR. Both plasma norepinephrine and plasma epinephrine levels showed strong positive correlations with plasma glucose. After 20 and 30% hemorrhages, plasma insulin levels were unchanged in T BHR but were significantly decreased in UT BHR. Plasma insulin levels were significantly less in UT than T BHR after 30% hemorrhage. These results suggest that swim training alters the effect that hemorrhage exerts on endocrine and sympathoadrenal function in BHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wiley
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D013550:Swimming; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D007328:Insulin; D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid