title: Identification of a signal for rapid export of proteins from the nucleus.
abstract: Active nuclear import of protein is controlled by nuclear localization signals (NLSs), but nuclear export is not understood well. Nuclear trafficking of the catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) is critical for regulation of gene expression. The heat-stable inhibitor (PKl) of cAPK contains a nuclear export signal (NES) that triggers rapid, active net extrusion of the C-PKl complex from the nucleus. This NES (residues 35-49), fused or conjugated to heterologous proteins, was sufficient for rapid nuclear export. Hydrophobic residues were critical. The NES is a slightly weaker signal than the SV40 NLS. A sequence containing only residues 37-46, LALKLAGLDI, is also sufficient for nuclear export. This is an example of a protein-based NES having no obvious association with RNA. A similar sequence, LQLPPLERLTL, from Rev, an RNA-binding protein of HIV-1, also is an NES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0654, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Meinkoth
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Tsien
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases