title: The head involution defective gene of Drosophila melanogaster functions in programmed cell death.
abstract: Deletions of chromosomal region, 75C1,2 block virtually all programmed cell death (PCD) in the Drosophila embryo. We have identified a gene previously in this interval, reaper (rpr), which encodes an important regulator of PCD. Here we report the isolation of a second gene in this region, head involution defective (hid), which plays a similar role in PCD. hid mutant embryos have decreased levels of cell death and contain extra cells in the head. We have cloned the hid gene and find that its expression is sufficient to induce PCD in cell death defective mutants. The hid gene appears to encode a novel 410-amino-acid protein, and its mRNA is expressed in regions of the embryo where cell death occurs. Ectopic expression of hid in the Drosophila retina results in eye ablation. This phenotype can be suppressed completely by expression of the anti-apoptotic p35 protein from baculovirus, indicating that p35 may act genetically downstream from hid.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Grether
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agapite
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steller
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D017344:Genes, Insect; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C108880:HID protein, Drosophila; D009479:Neuropeptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004247:DNA