title: Regional brain metabolic response to lorazepam in subjects at risk for alcoholism.
abstract: The mechanisms underlying the blunted response to alcohol administration observed in subjects at risk for alcoholism are poorly understood and may involve GABA-benzodiazepine receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate if subjects at risk for alcoholism had abnormalities in brain GABA-benzodiazepine receptor function. This study measured the effects of 30 micrograms/kg (i.v.) of lorazepam, on regional brain glucose metabolism using positron emission tomography and 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose in subjects with a positive family history for alcoholism (FP) (n = 12) and compared their response with that of subjects with a negative family history for alcoholism (FN) (n = 21). At baseline, FP subjects showed lower cerebellar metabolism than FN. Lorazepam decreased whole-brain glucose metabolism, and FP subjects showed a similar response to FN in cortical and subcortical regions, but FP showed a blunted response in cerebellum. Lorazepam-induced changes in cerebellar metabolism correlated with its motor effects. The decreased cerebellar baseline metabolism in FP as well as the blunted cerebellar response to lorazepam challenge may reflect disrupted activity of benzodiazepine-GABA receptors in cerebellum. These changes could account for the decreased sensitivity to the motor effects of alcohol and benzodiazepines in FP subjects.
authors.affiliation: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Volkow
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Begleiter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hitzemann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pascani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D018079:Receptors, GABA; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D008140:Lorazepam