title: Thromboxane and neutrophil changes following intermittent claudication suggest ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been postulated that ischaemia-reperfusion occurs in intermittent claudication resulting in neutrophil activation and release of soluble mediators, increasing systemic vascular permeability and enhancing atherogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured neutrophil deformability, plasma thromboxane levels, and urinary microalbumin excretion in 30 male claudicants, and 10 age- and sex-matched controls, before and after exercise to maximum walking distance. Blood was taken from an antecubital vein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an increase in urinary microalbumin excretion after exercise in claudicants. Statistically significant increases in the median and 90th percentile transit times (markers of neutrophil deformability) for isolated neutrophils from blood drawn 5 min after exercise in the claudicants were observed with no change in control subjects. Plasma thromboxane concentrations in claudicants increased within 10 min post-exercise. Plasma concentrations in controls were significantly lower throughout the study period. In the claudicant group, a positive correlation between the percentage change in the median transit time for neutrophils, and the percentage change in plasma thromboxane at 60 min post-exercise was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results lend further support to the concept of ischaemia-reperfusion events in patients with intermittent claudication, leading to a systemic increase in vascular permeability as a result of endothelial injury or dysfunction (a crucial step in atherogenesis), associated with thromboxane production and neutrophil activation. We suggest that the above changes may contribute to the increased mortality seen in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, U.K.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Khaira
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bahra
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanghera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gosling
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Shearman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood*; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D013929:Thromboxane B2