title: Modulation of the human nociceptive reflex by cyclic movements.
abstract: During static conditions the nociceptive reflex is known to vary as a function of, for example, the stimulus position, stimulus intensity, and muscle contraction. The aim of the present human study was to investigate whether the reflex and the corresponding perception of pain are modulated by cyclic movements of the limb involved. Reflexes, evoked by nociceptive electric stimulation of the sural nerve, were recorded from the biceps femoris and the rectus femoris muscles in eight volunteers. Four different experiments were performed to compare the nociceptive reflex and pain score elicited during active isometric/dynamic flexion/extension of the knee joint. The amplitudes of the reflexes were largest for the dynamic conditions. The reflexes, evoked during dynamic extension and isometric contraction of the rectus femoris muscle, had the shortest latencies but the recordings from the biceps femoris muscle were larger than from the rectus femoris muscle. Knee joint angle recordings showed that the largest angle variations occurred for the dynamic conditions and were only marginally disturbed for the isometric conditions. A given stimulus intensity evoked the highest pain intensity during isometric contractions. This indicates that there would seem to be no causal relationship between the size of the nociceptive reflex and the pain intensity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Aalborg University, Denmark.
authors.forename: O K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brennum
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arendt-Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*