title: Autonomic and thermal sensory symptoms and dysfunction after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Symptoms interpreted as unilateral disturbances of autonomic function, such as coldness, dryness, sweating, and trophic changes, are well known but incompletely understood clinical problems after stroke. The present study provides data related to the incidence and mechanisms behind such symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temperature perception thresholds, skin temperatures, evaporation rates, and skin blood flow responses were measured bilaterally in 37 stroke patients aged 58 +/- 13 years (mean +/- SD) and in a control group of 15 patients aged 64 +/- 15 years with a single transient ischemic attack.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 37 stroke patients, 43% reported a sensation of coldness in the contralesional side of the body. Basal skin blood flow and temperature were relatively lower in the contralesional side. There was an excess of evaporation in the contralesional side after brain stem lesions and in the ipsilesional side after hemispheric lesions. Vasomotor reflex asymmetries occurred in 34% of the patients and were due to weak vasodilator or vasoconstrictor reflexes in the ipsilesional side. These abnormalities correlated significantly to sensations of unilateral coldness, hypalgesia, and thermohypesthesia in the contralesional side and anatomically to lesions in spinothalamo-cortical pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focal central nervous system lesions due to stroke may result in symptoms and measurable evidence of unilateral disturbance of skin sympathetic function. Vasomotor asymmetries are probably due to lesions of vasomotor pathways descending uncrossed. Subjective coldness may be due to disturbed central processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sahlgren Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naver
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blomstrand
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekholm
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wallin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000503:physiopathology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013696:Temperature