title: Factors associated with preterm birth in Cardiff, Wales. II. Indicated and spontaneous preterm birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to examine and contrast associations of risk factors with spontaneous preterm birth and indicated preterm birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Separate multiple logistic regression analyses were performed of indicated and spontaneous preterm births in a large database of births in Cardiff, Wales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spontaneous preterm births were associated with young maternal age, low maternal weight, low or high parity, previous abortion, smoking, and early pregnancy bleeding. Indicated preterm births were associated with older age, low weight, previous stillbirth, bacteriuria, and early pregnancy bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spontaneous and indicated preterm births have different overall profiles of association with pregnancy risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1066, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Meis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Michielutte
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Johns
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001437:Bacteriuria; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins