title: Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with slow-release sodium fluoride. Final report of a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether slow-release sodium fluoride inhibits spinal fractures and is safe to use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placebo-controlled randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Slow-release sodium fluoride, 25 mg twice daily, in four 14-month cycles (12 months receiving sodium fluoride followed by 2 months not receiving it) compared with placebo. Calcium citrate, 400 mg calcium twice daily, continuously in both groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 of 54 patients who received sodium fluoride and 51 of 56 patients who received placebo completed at least 1 year of the study. All patients had postmenopausal osteoporosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the placebo group, the fluoride group had a lower individual vertebral fracture rate (0.064 +/- 0.182 per patient-year compared with 0.205 +/- 0.297 per patient-year; P = 0.002), a higher unadjusted fracture-free rate (85.4% compared with 56.9%; P = 0.001), and a greater survival estimate (relative risk, 0.3 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.76]) for new fractures. The recurrent spinal fracture rate did not differ between the two groups. The fluoride group had a substantial increase in L2-L4 bone mass of 4% to 5% per year for 4 years, a mean increase in femoral neck bone density of 2.38% +/- 3.33% per year, and no change in radial shaft bone density. The frequency with which minor side effects and appendicular fractures occurred was similar in the two groups; no patients developed microfractures or gastric ulcers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Slow-release sodium fluoride and calcium citrate administered for 4 years inhibits new vertebral fractures (but not recurrent fractures), augments spinal and femoral neck bone mass, and is safe to use.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakhaee
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adams-Huet
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Piziak
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Poindexter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000863:Antacids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density; D002951:Citrates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019343:Citric Acid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D002951:Citrates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D019343:Citric Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride