title: Interim outcomes for a community-based program to prevent perinatal HIV transmission.
abstract: The AIDS Prevention for Pediatric Life Enrichment (APPLE) project is a community-based program to prevent perinatal HIV infection by preventing infection in women. One project component tested a primary prevention model developed from principles of cognitive social learning theory which used street outreach and community-targeted small media materials to increase the use of condoms. Formative research was used to explore community perceptions about HIV/AIDS and to design media materials. Program evaluation employed a two-community, time series, quasi-experimental design. Annual street surveys samples individuals in areas where they were likely to encounter outreach workers. Baseline surveys found substantial pre-programmatic behavior change. After two years considerable APPLE name recognition (40%), contact with media materials (63%), and contact with outreach workers (36%) were found and norms reflecting social acceptability of condoms were more positive among women in the intervention community. Condom use at last sexual encounter rose in both communities but was significantly higher in the intervention community. Condom use also was higher among women who reported exposure to either small media or small media plus street outreach. Other self-reported HIV-prevention behaviors did not show change in the initial period.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent and School Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Santelli
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Celentano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rozsenich
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Crump
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polacsek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Augustyn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rolf
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: McAlister
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burwell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D015142:Baltimore; D017280:Condoms; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014505:Urban Population