title: Vascularization of the mouse embryo: a study of flk-1, tek, tie, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression during development.
abstract: We report the detailed developmental expression profiles of three endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) flk-1, tek, tie, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the flk-1 ligand. We also examined the expression of the other VEGF receptor, flt-1, during placental development. flk-1, tek, and tie transcripts were detected sequentially at one-half day intervals starting at E7.0, suggesting that each of these RTKs play a unique role during vascularization of the mouse embryo. All three RTKs were expressed in the extraembryonic and embryonic mesoderm in regions that eventually give rise to the vasculature. Except for the expression of tek and flk-1 in the mesoderm of the amnion, the expression of these RTKs from E8.5 onwards was virtually indistinguishable. An abundant amount of flt-1 transcripts was found in the spongiotrophoblast cells of the developing placenta from E8.0 onwards. This cellular compartment is located between the maternal and labyrinthine layers of the placenta, which both express VEGF. VEGF transcripts were detected as early as E7.0 in the endoderm juxtaposed to the flk-1 positive mesoderm, and later in development VEGF expression displayed an expression profile both contiguous with that of flk-1, and also in tissues found some distance from the flk-1-expressing endothelium. These results suggest a possible dual role for VEGF which includes a chemotactic and/or a cellular maintenance role for VEGF during vascularization of the mouse embryo.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gradwohl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alitalo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Breitman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000235:genetics; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005865:Gestational Age; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D042764:Receptors, TIE; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D042764:Receptors, TIE; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor