title: Neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke and traumatic brain injury: the role of psychostimulants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary purpose of this article is to review certain neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the role of the psychostimulants methylphenidate (MPD) and dextroamphetamine (DAMP) in their treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A general review of the topic is presented. Controlled and uncontrolled studies involving the use of the psychostimulants are discussed. These consist of 11 studies listed with Medline 2000 that deal specifically with stroke or head injury, with the oldest study reviewed dating back to 1984. Studies concerning the use of psychostimulants in the medically or neurologically ill are reviewed to the extent that they are pertinent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The current literature consists primarily of uncontrolled case studies. However, these are reviewed and found to suggest a role for the use of the psychostimulants, which is discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, these drugs appear to be a reasonable treatment choice for certain types of mood, behavior, and cognitive symptoms following brain injury. However, it is noted that larger scale controlled studies are needed to adequately assess the clinical usefulness of these drugs.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21287-5371, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants