title: Pulmonary penetration of ceftazidime.
abstract: For an antibiotic to be effective in lower respiratory tract infections, it should be available in adequate concentrations in respiratory tissues and fluids. Cephalosporins usually achieve modest concentrations in the respiratory tract. In this study we have determined the pulmonary penetration of intramuscularly administered ceftazidime (a single dose of 1 g). Levels of ceftazidime in bronchial secretions (BS), bronchial mucosa (BM), epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and serum (S) were measured by microbiological assay in 25 patients suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis who were divided into 5 groups of 5 subjects according to sampling time (1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours after the administration of the antibiotic). The peak S level was high (39.89 +/- 10.42 micrograms/ml at 1 hour) and mean S concentrations decreased slowly and were still detectable at 12 hours (1.07 +/- 0.45 microgram/ml). In all other samples, mean concentrations were in excess of the ceftazidime minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for many relevant respiratory pathogens (Haemophilus influenzae 0.15 microgram/ml; Moraxella catarrhalis 0.06 micrograms/ml; Streptococcus pneumoniae 0.15 micrograms/ml; Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.4 microgram/ml). Concentrations in BM (7.05 +/- 2.38, 8.14 +/- 2.23, 6.40 +/- 1.63, 4.06 +/- 0.99 and 0.45 +/- 0.27 microgram/g) were higher than that in BS (6.87 +/- 1.96, 6.54 +/- 1.84, 3.52 +/- 1.23, 1.56 +/- 0.92 and 0.23 +/- 0.19 microgram/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical School, Second Neapolitan University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cazzola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabriella Matera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polverino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santangelo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Franchis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002442:Ceftazidime