title: Anticariogenicity of calcium phosphate complexes of tryptic casein phosphopeptides in the rat.
abstract: Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) stabilize calcium phosphate through the formation of casein-phosphopeptide amorphous calcium-phosphate complexes (CPP-CP). The ability of CPP-CP to reduce caries activity was investigated by use of specific-pathogen-free rats inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus. The animals consumed a defined cariogenic diet free of dairy products. Solutions (100 microL) of the CPP-CP (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0% w/v) were applied to the animals' molar teeth twice daily. Other groups of animals received solutions containing 500 ppm F, the non-phosphorylated peptides of a casein tryptic digest (0.5% w/v), or the calcium-phosphate complex of a synthetic octapeptide, Ac-Glu-Ser(P)-Ile-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Glu-Glu-NHMe, corresponding to the common sequence in the CPP. The CPP-CP significantly reduced caries activity in a dose-response fashion, with 1.0% CPP-CP producing 55% and 46% reductions in smooth surface and fissure caries activity, respectively, being similar to that of 500 ppm F. The anticariogenic effects of CPP-CP and fluoride were additive, since animals receiving 0.5% CPP-CP plus 500 ppm F had significantly lower caries activity than those animals receiving either CPP-CP or fluoride alone. The tryptic digest of casein with the phosphopeptides selectively removed showed no anticariogenic activity. The synthetic octapeptide-calcium phosphate complex significantly reduced caries activity, confirming that this calcium-phosphate-stabilizing portion of the casein phospho-peptides is associated with anticariogenicity. The CPP-CP did not significantly affect the level of S. sobrinus in fissure plaque.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Perich
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000378:metabolism; D004037:Diet, Cariogenic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010748:Phosphopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D010748:Phosphopeptides; C519480:amorphous calcium phosphate; D005459:Fluorides