title: Change in alcohol, tobacco and coffee consumption in pregnant women: evolution between 1988 and 1992 in an area of high consumption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analyse the evolution of alcohol, tobacco and coffee consumption during pregnancy in a population characterized by a high level of consumption and a low socioeconomic situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from two studies done with the same protocol and questionnaire in the Roubaix Public Maternity Hospital in 1988 (176 women) and 1992 (235 women); the two periods were compared using univariate tests and multiple logistic regression to control for social factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1988 and 1992, there was a clear decrease in alcohol consumption, a slight decrease in coffee consumption and an increase in tobacco use. These changes affected usual consumption as well as consumption during pregnancy. The increase in tobacco use was no longer significant after controlling for social factors. However, the decrease in alcohol consumption affected all women regardless of sociodemographic characteristics, and remained significant after controlling for these characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several factors support the hypothesis that the decrease in the reported alcohol consumption is real, for consumptions in the low to moderate range. However, it is difficult to identify the role of the several factors involved in this evolution: behaviour of the general population, attitude among pregnant women, information and sensitization of prenatal care providers. Besides, one negative aspect needs to be considered: the stability of the incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome, probably reflecting the stability of the proportion of very heavy consumers.
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unité 149, Recherches Epidémiologiques sur la Santé des Femmes et des Enfants, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminski
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lelong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chwalow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Subtil
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012923:Social Class
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee