title: Safe biotechnology. Part 6. Safety assessment, in respect of human health, of microorganisms used in biotechnology.
abstract: The assessment of microorganisms in respect to human health is an important step for the introduction of new natural and genetically modified production strains to biotechnology. This report outlines the potential hazards posed by industrial microorganisms, important considerations related to pathogenicity, such as routes and portals of entry into the human body, mechanisms of spread of biological material and a definition of pathogenicity. Furthermore the most important steps in the assessment of pathogenicity of unknown strains are described. A short overview on characterization and in vitro and in vivo tests is presented. The hazard related to allergens and toxic metabolites is reviewed and the choice of methods and the handling of strains with unknown potential are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Applied Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lelieveld
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bachmayer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunius
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bürki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chmiel
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crooy
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Doblhoff-Dier
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Economidis
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens