title: Endotoxin-induced suppression of the somatotropic axis is mediated by interleukin-1 beta and corticotropin-releasing factor in the juvenile rat.
abstract: This study extends the neuroendocrine role of central interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) during the stress of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge to include inhibition of the somatotropic [GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-somatostatin (SRIF)-GH] axis in juvenile male rats and clarifies the role of CRF in the mediation of LPS/IL-1-induced changes in GHRH and SRIF neurosecretion. The results of the in vivo component of this study demonstrated that LPS treatment (2.5 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days) caused a significant attenuation of body weight gain for 2 days (2.4 +/- 1.7% vs. 10.3 +/- 1.8% BW/day in saline controls; P < 0.05) and failure of catch-up growth thereafter even though a small transient suppression of food intake returned to normal by the second of 4 days of treatment. Associated with the first day of growth attenuation was an acute suppression of all plasma GH parameters, including GH mass (area under the curve, 1.972 +/- 0.1837 vs. 6.402 +/- 1.7 micrograms/ml.6 h for saline controls; P < 0.05), in animals receiving an acute bolus of LPS, which was blocked by prior microinjection of IL receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) into the third ventricle. In contrast, GH parameters associated with the second day of LPS-suppressed body weight gain were increased (GH mass, 9.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml.4 h in saline controls; P < 0.05). These increases were reversed after another 2 days of LPS treatment. In a series of in vitro experiments using medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) explants incubated with LPS [100 ng/ml alone or with 10(-7) M IRAP or 10(-6) M CRF antagonist (CRF-ANT)], GHRH release from MBH incubated with LPS was significantly greater than that in controls (231 +/- 79% vs. 71 +/- 34% of baseline release; P < 0.05), and this stimulation was antagonized by both IRAP and CRF-ANT. SRIF release was significantly increased by incubation with LPS (163 +/- 28% vs. 97 +/- 20% of the baseline for controls; P < 0.05) and blocked (to 88 +/- 14% of the baseline) by IRAP, but not by CRF-ANT. Finally, when MBH explants were incubated with IL-1 beta (10(-9) M), there was a significant inhibition of in vitro GHRH release (37.9 +/- 6.7% vs. 74.9 +/- 16.6% for controls), which was reversed by IRAP and CRF-ANT, and a significant stimulation of SRIF release (168.7 +/- 37.5% vs. 98.0 +/- 11.6% for controls), which was reversed by IRAP, but not CRF-ANT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20007, USA.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Peisen
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: McDonnell
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mulroney
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lumpkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D013004:Somatostatin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone