title: The phototherapy light visor: more to it than meets the eye.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether phototherapy light visors provide an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder. Previous studies have demonstrated a moderate response rate but have failed to find any difference in efficacy between light intensities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly assigned to receive, over a 2-week treatment period, 30 minutes of morning phototherapy with a light visor that emitted either a dim (30-lux) red light or a bright (600-lux) white light. Raters were blind to treatment, and patients were unaware of the alternatives. Response was assessed by using the structured 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, with an eight-item addendum for atypical depressive symptoms. Fifty-seven patients were enrolled across two sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients assigned to the different visors had similar baseline depression scores and similar expectations of outcome. Hamilton depression scale scores declined by 34.6% for subjects given bright white light and by 40.9% for subjects given dim red light. Scores for atypical depressive symptoms fell by 44.1% for patients assigned the bright white light visors and by 49.0% for patients assigned the dim red light visors. Altogether, 39.3% of the patients who received red light and 41.4% of the patients who received bright white light showed a full clinical response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences in therapeutic response between patients who were treated with red or white light. The results of this study suggest that the phototherapy light visor may function as an elaborate placebo. Alternative explanations, however, are considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Teicher
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Glod
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Oren
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luetke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003116:Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010919:Placebos; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos