title: Phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone forms nitric oxide as a result of its FE(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis or hydroxyl radical adduct formation.
abstract: Phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) is commonly employed in spin-trapping studies. We report here evidence that PBN in aqueous solutions is decomposed by two pathways leading to the generation of nitric oxide (.NO). The first pathway is by hydrolysis of PBN, which is strongly catalyzed by ferric iron. The second pathway is via PBN-hydroxyl radical adduct formation. .NO was trapped in the presence of cysteine and ferrous iron to form a [(cys)2Fe(NO)2]-3 complex, which was measured by use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. A concomitant metabolite, benzaldehyde, was detected from both reaction mixtures. We propose that PBN is hydrolyzed by Fe3+ or attacked by hydroxyl radical, leading eventually to a common transient species, tert-butyl hydronitroxide [t-BuN(O.)H], which is further oxidized to a .NO source, t-BuNO. Our data imply that PBN may decompose to .NO when used in biological models with oxidative stress conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Environmental Health, Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chamulitrat
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Tomer
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D006868:Hydrolysis; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D007501:Iron; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D013113:Spin Labels; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C029217:phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron