title: Clinical effectiveness and quality of life with ranitidine vs placebo in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients: a clinical experience network (CEN) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), often characterized as heartburn, is a highly common presenting complaint to family physicians. This study is the first large, prospective, nationwide family practice outpatient evaluation of the effectiveness of the histamine (H2)-receptor antagonist ranitidine as medical therapy for this disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, 6-week study was designed to evaluate the effect of ranitidine on clinical outcomes and quality of life in patients with GERD. Eligible patients included those who were at least 18 years old and had at least a 3-month history of heartburn or heartburn therapy and a minimum of 4 days with at least one heart-burn episode in the week preceding the baseline visit. Quality-of-life effects were measured using a general health status instrument and a previously validated heartburn-specific questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ranitidine treatment conferred clinically and statistically significant reductions in mean heartburn pain scores within the first 24 hours (P < or = .001) and mean number of heartburn episodes within the first 48 hours (P < or = .001). These reductions were maintained throughout the 6-week trial, during both daytime and nighttime. Compared with patients receiving placebo, patients treated with ranitidine also used significantly fewer doses of antacids (P < or = .003). Further, both ranitidine-treated patients' and their physicians' global assessments of decreases in heartburn severity, as well as clinical improvement on ranitidine, proved superior to those of controls (P < or = .001). The rate of adverse events associated with ranitidine and placebo was low and similar. Ranitidine-treated patients had more favorable scores on the general health status dimensions of physical functioning, bodily pain, and vitality (P < .05), and more favorable scores on all dimensions of the heartburn-specific questionnaire (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twice-daily treatment with ranitidine 150 mg is a valuable therapy for GERD in a typical family practice setting. It reduces the frequency and severity of symptoms within the first 24 to 48 hours of treatment and diminishes the use of nonprescription antacids while improving the quality of life as measured by both a general health status instrument and a disease-specific instrument.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Stelmach
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kirchdoerfer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott-Lennox
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Holverson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sabesin
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Nicholas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000863:Antacids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006356:Heartburn / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D011899:Ranitidine