title: Optimal placement of CVP catheter in paediatric cardiac patients.
abstract: For correct monitoring of central venous pressure (CVP) the tip of the CVP catheter should be placed in the superior vena cava (SVC). Since there is no useful guide for the optimal depth of insertion of CVP catheter in children undergoing cardiovascular surgery, we examined the relationship between the depth of the CVP catheter and easily measured body-size variables, such as age, weight and height, and then created a guide for the optimal placement of the paediatric population. The CVP catheterization was performed through the right internal jugular vein by the high approach. The position of the catheter tip was determined by the wave form of the CVP tracing and the depth of insertion was assessed by the external marking on the catheter at the cannulation site. The position of the catheter tip, determined by postoperative AP chest x-ray, was identified by the level of thoracic vertebra (T) corresponding to the position of the catheter tip. We analyzed the relationship between the depth of the catheter and patient's age, weight and height by linear regression analysis. The position of tip was normally distributed from T1 to T7 and the tips were centralized at levels of T3, T4 and T5 which anatomically correspond to SVC. The r values between the catheter depth and the three factors at each level were comparable, although the correlation between the depth of catheter and height was best. A simple guide for placement of the catheter tip at T3, T4 and T5 levels as a function of patient's height was created.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuro
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D002496:Central Venous Pressure; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative