title: What is the safe protein-energy ratio for infant formulas?
abstract: Infants eat primarily to satisfy energy needs and the safe amount of protein in infant formulas (ie, the amount adequate for nearly all infants) is therefore expressed as the protein-energy ratio. We studied male infants aged 8-112 d fed milk-based formulas. One group (experimental group) was fed formulas that provided protein-energy ratios of 3.73 g/MJ (1.56 g/100 kcal) from 8 to 27 d of age, gradually decreasing to 2.99 g/MJ (1.25 g/100 kcal) from 84 to 111 d of age. Growth rates and serum albumin and urea nitrogen of these infants were compared with those of a concurrently studied control group and a previously studied large reference group. Gains in weight and concentrations of serum albumin of the three groups were not significantly different. Gains in length were significantly less for the experimental group than for the reference group. Serum urea nitrogen was significantly less in the experimental group than in the control group or reference group. We conclude that the protein-energy ratios of the experimental formula diet were below the safe level. Because the decrease in growth rate of the experimental group was rather small (demonstrable only in comparison with the large reference group), and because serum albumin of the experimental group increased with age as in normally nourished infants, we suspect that the safe protein-energy ratio of infant formulas lies closer to the ratios fed to the experimental group than to the ratio [approximately 5.0 g/MJ (2.1 g/100 kcal)] in currently marketed milk-based formulas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1083, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fomon
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frantz
mesh_terms: D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin