title: The association of smoking and drinking habits with serum pepsinogens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of smoking on serum pepsinogen I has been assessed. However, still to be assessed are the influences of smoking on pepsinogen II and drinking on serum pepsinogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 13,381 employees by questionnaire and serum tests. Multiple regression analyses were done with logarithms of serum pepsinogen I (LPI), pepsinogen II (LPII) or pepsinogen I/II ratio (LI/II) as a criterion variable and as categorized explanatory variables, sex, age, subjective symptoms in the stomach, past history of peptic ulcer, current smoking dose, past smoking amount, drinking habit and current drinking dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current smoking dose showed dose-dependent positive associations with LPI and LI/II: Past smoking amount yielded weakly dose-dependent negative associations with LPI and LI/II: Current drinking dose showed dose-dependent negative associations with LPI and LPII.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current smoking elevates pepsinogen I and the I/II ratio, and it may be necessary to consider the effect of smoking when pepsinogens are used as markers for gastric cancer. Drinking reduced pepsinogen I and II, but the effect was not so large.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tenjin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizukoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D010435:Pepsinogens / Q000097:blood*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010435:Pepsinogens