title: Radiation sensitivity of Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), being a small cell carcinoma, would be expected to be sensitive to radiation. Clinical analysis of patients at our center, especially those with macroscopic disease, would suggest the response is quite variable. We have recently established a number of MCC cell lines from patients prior to radiotherapy, and for the first time are in a position to determine their sensitivity under controlled conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Some of the MCC lines grew as suspension cultures and could not be single cell cloned; therefore, it was not possible to use clonogenic survival for all cell lines. A tetrazolium based (MTT) assay was used for these lines, to estimate cell growth after gamma irradiation. Control experiments were conducted on lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) and the adherent MCC line, MCC13, to demonstrate that the two assays were comparable under the conditions used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have examined cell lines from MCC, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), malignant melanomas, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) transformed lymphocytes (LCL), and skin fibroblasts for their sensitivity to gamma irradiation using both clonogenic cell survival and MTT assays. The results show that the tumor cell lines have a range of sensitivities, with melanoma being more resistant (surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) 0.57 and 0.56) than the small cell carcinoma lines, MCC (SF2 range 0.21-0.45, mean SF2 0.30, n = 8) and SCLC (SF2 0.31). Fibroblasts were the most sensitive (SF2 0.13-0.20, mean 0.16, n = 5). The MTT assay, when compared to clonogenic assay for the MCC13 adherent line and the LCL, gave comparable results under the conditions used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both assays gave a range of SF2 values for the MCC cell lines, suggesting that these cancers would give a heterogeneous response in vivo. The results with the two derivative clones of MCC14 (SF2 for MCC14/1 0.38, MCC14/2 0.45) would further suggest that some of them may develop resistance during clonogenic evolution.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Radium Institute Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Bancroft Centre, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kearsley
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Birrell
mesh_terms: D015266:Carcinoma, Merkel Cell; D002455:Cell Division / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma; D012878:Skin Neoplasms; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay