Mutations in RAD27 define a potential link between G1 cyclins and DNA replication.
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has three G1 cyclin (CLN) genes with overlapping functions. To analyze the functions of the various CLN genes, we examined mutations that result in lethality in conjunction with loss of cln1 and cln2. We have isolated alleles of RAD27/ERC11/YKL510, the yeast homolog of the gene encoding flap endonuclease 1, FEN-1.cln1 cln2 rad27/erc11 cells arrest in S phase; this cell cycle arrest is suppressed by the expression of CLN1 or CLN2 but not by that of CLN3 or the hyperactive CLN3-2. rad27/erc11 mutants are also defective in DNA damage repair, as determined by their increased sensitivity to a DNA-damaging agent, increased mitotic recombination rates, and increased spontaneous mutation rates. Unlike the block in cell cycle progression, these phenotypes are not suppressed by CLN1 or CLN2. CLN1 and CLN2 may activate an RAD27/ERC11-independent pathway specific for DNA synthesis that CLN3 is incapable of activating. Alternatively, CLN1 and CLN2 may be capable of overriding a checkpoint response which otherwise causes cln1 cln2 rad27/erc11 cells to arrest. These results imply that CLN1 and CLN2 have a role in the regulation of DNA replication. Consistent with this, GAL-CLN1 expression in checkpoint-deficient, mec1-1 mutant cells results in both cell death and increased chromosome loss among survivors, suggesting that CLN1 overexpression either activates defective DNA replication or leads to insensitivity to DNA damage.
Vallen
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Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021-6399, USA.
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D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004261:DNA Replication; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics; D045585:Flap Endonucleases; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007399:Interphase / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D016196:S Phase / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
C082719:CLN1 protein, S cerevisiae; C082721:CLN2 protein, S cerevisiae; C079895:CLN3 protein, S cerevisiae; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C073998:RAD2 protein, S cerevisiae; D011494:Protein Kinases; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; D045585:Flap Endonucleases; C468323:RAD27 protein, S cerevisiae