title: Elevated 12-lipoxygenase mRNA expression correlates with advanced stage and poor differentiation of human prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in males in the United States. The mortality is due mainly to distant metastasis. Therefore, predicting the prognosis of prostate cancer patients is an important clinical problem. Previously, we demonstrated that a 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) metabolite of arachidonic acid, 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, enhances the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells and that a 12-LOX-selective inhibitor [N-benzyl-N-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanamide] reduces experimental metastasis in animal model systems. In this study, we investigated the potential of 12-LOX as a predictor for the aggressiveness of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mRNA expression level of 12-LOX in 122 matching prostate normal and cancerous tissues were measured by quantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. Possible association between 12-LOX expression and histologic grade, pathologic and clinical stage, margin positivity, age, and race was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  12-LOX mRNA levels were elevated in cancer cells and the expression associated with poor differentiation and invasiveness of prostate cancer. Overall, 46 (38%) of 122 evaluable patients showed elevated levels of 12-LOX mRNA in prostate cancer tissues compared with the matching normal tissues. A statistically significantly greater number of cases were found to have an elevated level of 12-LOX among T3, high grade, and surgical margin-positive than T2, intermediate, and low grade, and surgical margin-negative prostatic adenocarcinomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that elevation of 12-LOX mRNA expression occurs more frequently in advanced stage, high-grade prostate cancer and that 12-LOX may serve as an indicator for progression and prognosis of prostate cancer. This enzyme also may be a novel target for the development of anti-invasive and antimetastatic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Harper Hospital, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Grignon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chbihi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zacharek
authors.forename: Y Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sakr
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Crissman
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011467:Prostate / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase