title: Effects of long-term protein excess or deficiency on whole-body protein turnover in sheep nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients.
abstract: The effect of long-term dietary protein excess and deficit on whole-body protein-N turnover (WBPNT) was examined in lambs nourished by intragastric infusions of nutrients. Ten sheep were given 500 mg N/kg metabolic weight (W0.75) per d from casein for 2 weeks and then either 50 (L), 500 (M) or 1500 (H) mg N/kgW0.75 per d for 6 weeks. Volatile fatty acids were infused at 500 kJ/kgW0.75 per d. Daily WBPNT was measured by continuous intravenous infusion of [1-13C]leucine 3 d before, and on days 2, 21 and 42 after the alteration in protein intake. Whole-body protein-N synthesis (WBPNS) was calculated as the difference between WBPNT and the protein-N losses as urinary NH3 and urea. Whole-body protein-N degradation (WBPND) was then estimated from WBPNS minus protein gain determined from N balance. Fractional rates of WBPNS and WBPND were calculated against fleece-free body N content. WBPNS rates at the L, M and H intakes were respectively 35.1, 41.5 and 63.7 g/d (P < 0.001) on average over the 6 weeks and WBPND rates were 39.5, 41.1 and 56.8 g/d (P < 0.001). The fractional rates of WBPNS were 5.01, 6.37 and 7.73% per d (P < 0.001) while those of WBPND were 5.64, 6.29 and 6.81% per d (P < 0.005) respectively. On days 2, 21 and 42, WBPNS rates at intake H were 54.0, 61.8 and 75.4 g/d (P = 0.03) respectively, and WBPND rates were 43.2, 56.4 and 70.9 g/d (P = 0.03); at intake L the amounts were 38.2, 34.2 and 32.8 g/d for WBPNS (P = 0.003) and for WBPND were 43.4, 38.0 and 36.9 g/d (P = 0.016) respectively. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in fractional rates of WBPNS and WBPND with time at either the L or H intake. We concluded that absolute protein turnover was affected both by dietary protein intake and body condition while the fractional rate of turnover was predominantly influenced by intake.
authors.affiliation: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lobley
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: X B
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Orskov
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen