title: Novel methods for endoscopic training.
abstract: The development of past, present, and future endoscopic training methods is described. A historical perspective of endoscopy training guidelines and devices is used to demonstrate support for the use of novel endoscopic training techniques. Computer simulation of endoscopy, interactive learning, and virtual reality applications in endoscopy and surgery are reviewed. The goals of endoscopic simulation and challenges facing investigators in this field are discussed, with an emphasis on current and future research.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gessner
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Jowell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baillie
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States