title: Warm heart surgery eliminates diaphragmatic paralysis.
abstract: Since January 1992, we adopted a new method of myocardial protection: warm blood cardioplegia with continuous ante-retrograde combined delivery during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, (CPB) instead of cold blood intermittent cardioplegia plus topical ice slush in hypothermic CPB. We have compared postoperative chest X-rays of 50 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass with normothermic CPB to postoperative chest X-rays, of 50 patients operated upon with hypothermia. In the cold group transitory diaphragmatic paralysis, as well as pleural effusions and thoracentesis related to the hypothermia, and topical cooling, were statistically increased over that of warm group. The data suggest that topical cooling with slush ice is responsible for phrenic nerve injury and that warm heart surgery has no associated incidence of diaphragmatic injury.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Chirurgia Toracica e Cardiovascolare, Università Degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccherini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lisi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzesi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toscano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012133:Respiratory Paralysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013696:Temperature