title: Venous ulcer healing: effect of socioeconomic factors in London.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine which social and clinical factors are associated with healing in patients with venous ulceration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were questioned about social factors at their first visit to a community ulcer clinic. They were treated by high compression bandage system and were interviewed again after 12 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community leg ulcer clinics held in health centres throughout Riverside Health Authority in London.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients referred to five community leg ulcer clinics with venous ulceration over a six month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  These were factors significantly associated with healing within 12 weeks of beginning treatment, measured by odds ratio (OR) given by logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 168 patients with venous ulceration, 87 (52%) healed after 12 weeks of treatment. Univariate analysis showed that low social class (OR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.17, 10.14), lack of central heating (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.18, 4.18), and being single (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.15, 6.69) were all significantly associated with delayed healing. After adjustment for the known risk factors of ulcer size, ulcer duration, and general mobility only lack of central heating was still significant (OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.11, 4.55). The remaining factors failing to achieve statistical significance because of their inter-relationship with the known risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical features of the ulcer seem to determine the progress of healing in patients with leg ulceration. Although there were associations between socio-economic factors and poor healing, adjustment for clinical risk factors generally led to lower non-significant associations. Only lack of central heating retained its association and may play a part in prolonging healing of venous ulceration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bosanquet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Oldroyd
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moffatt
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Greenhalgh
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: McCollum
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001458:Bandages; D005260:Female; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D007871:Leg Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing