title: Testicular seminoma: a failure analysis and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective analysis of 74 patients with pure seminoma, treated at the University of Florida between 1964 and 1989, was undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients received megavoltage irradiation, with chemotherapy reserved for salvage. At 10 years, the probability of relapse-free survival was 91% for Stage I, 93% for Stage IIA, 83% for Stage IIB, and 75% for Stage III patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were seven recurrences, none of which occurred in irradiated areas. Only two of seven patients (29%) with recurrence were salvaged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A literature review revealed an increasing rate of mediastinal or supraclavicular recurrence, correlating with the size of the subdiaphragmatic disease, in Stage II patients who did not receive elective mediastinal irradiation. Recommendations are made regarding the role of elective mediastinal irradiation for Stage II disease. We conclude that patients with Stage I or II seminoma can have high cure rates when treated with radiotherapy alone. Patients with Stage III seminoma should be treated initially with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Speer
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sombeck
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Million
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018239:Seminoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017211:Treatment Failure