title: Intracoronary stent insertion after balloon angioplasty of chronic total occlusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective analysis was performed to assess the medium-term effectiveness of implanting intracoronary stents into chronic total occlusions that are successfully opened by balloon angioplasty.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The value of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions is limited by a very high restenosis rate of 50% to 68%. Intravascular stents have been shown to reduce restenosis in a subset of patients with subtotal stenoses. It has not been demonstrated that the placement of stents into successfully opened chronic total coronary artery occlusions leads to lower rates of restenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of patients with chronic total coronary occlusions successfully opened by balloon angioplasty received Palmaz-Schatz stents. Patients underwent clinical and angiographic follow-up at a mean of 6 months after stent insertion. Angiographic and clinical results were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine patients underwent stenting of 60 chronic total coronary occlusions, with a 98% rate of successful stent deployment. Complications occurred in 5% of cases, all with subacute thrombosis. Angiographic follow-up was obtained in 88% of patients at a mean of 6 months and demonstrated an angiographic restenosis rate of 20%, with only one reocclusion. Among several variables examined, only the presence of a procedure-related moderate to severe dissection was associated with higher follow-up percent diameter stenoses and clinical events. At a mean of 14 months after stent insertion, 77% of patients remained free of symptoms or clinical events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implantation of intracoronary stents into vessels with opened chronic total coronary occlusions is associated with favorable rates of angiographic restenosis and relief of symptoms. A randomized clinical trial comparing balloon angioplasty with stent-assisted balloon angioplasty in the treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance 90509, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maiello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borrione
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Finci
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Almagor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional