[Short-term survival after heart transplantation: the relationships between preoperative hemodynamics, organ function and postoperative clinical events].
OBJECTIVE
Pulmonary hypertension is known to affect prognosis of cardiac allograft recipients. Aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms relating preoperative hemodynamics to early post-transplant mortality.


METHODS
Hemodynamic and pre- and postoperative clinical data of 122 heart transplant recipients were reviewed with respect to early mortality (within 1 month or in-hospital). The relationships between hemodynamics and mortality were studied by means of univariate and multivariate analysis of absolute data and at different cut-off values of hemodynamic parameters.


RESULTS
The following hemodynamic parameters were significantly different between survivors (n = 107) and non-survivors (n = 15): right atrial pressure (7.7 +/- 4.7 vs. 12.1 +/- 8.6 mm Hg, p < 0.004), pulmonary vascular resistance (2.57 +/- 1.44 vs. 3.72 +/- 1.88 Wood units, p < 0.007), pulmonary vascular resistance index (4.43 +/- 2.53 vs. 6.53 +/- 3.28 Wood units x m2, p < 0.005), and transpulmonary gradient (8.8 +/- 4.8 vs. 12.3 +/- 6.4 mm Hg, p < 0.02). Right atrial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index showed an independent value at stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis (p < 0.008 and < 0.03 respectively). When mortality was tested using cut-off values, it was significantly higher with right atrial pressure > or = 12 (7/28 vs 8/94, p < 0.05), pulmonary vascular resistance index > or = 8 (6/13 vs 9/109, p < 0.0005), and transpulmonary gradient > or = 15 (5/13 vs 10/109, p < 0.01). High right atrial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance index, and transpulmonary gradient were associated with higher preoperative bilirubin (p < 0.03), which was significantly superior in non-survivors (1.44 +/- 1.53 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.61 mg/dl, p < 0.02). Postoperatively, severe right ventricular failure, severe renal failure and infections within 1 month were all strongly associated with an increased mortality (p < 0.00003); they were more common in patients with high preoperative right filling pressure (9% vs. 43%, p < 0.00002) and/or high pulmonary vascular resistance index (14% vs. 38%, p < 0.03), in those with high right atrial pressure (9% vs. 35%, p < 0.0009), and in those with high pulmonary vascular resistance index (17% vs. 58%, p < 0.002) respectively. Mortality after acute rejection within 1 month was significantly higher in patients with high preoperative right atrial pressure (8% vs. 57%, p < 0.006).


CONCLUSIONS
Besides pulmonary hypertension, elevated preoperative right filling pressure appears to indicate an increased risk of early death after transplantation; pre- and postoperative end-organ dysfunction and post-transplant complications are more common or more threatening in this setting.
Frigerio
M
M
Dipartimento di Cardiologia, Ospedale Niguarda-Ca' Granda, Milano.
Gronda
E
E
Danzi
G B
GB
Mangiavacchi
M
M
Oliva
F
F
Quaini
E
E
Trotta
E
E
De Vita
C
C
Pellegrini
A
A
D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002423:Cause of Death; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000401:mortality* / Q000502:physiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D013997:Time Factors
Sopravvivenza a breve termine dopo trapianto cardiaco: relazioni tra emodinamica preoperatoria, funzione d'organo, ed eventi clinici postoperatori.