title: A comparison of functional MR activation patterns during silent and audible language tasks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare word generation tasks performed silently and aloud as paradigms for functional MR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Images were obtained at 1.5 T, with echoplanar acquisition in nine subjects performing word generation aloud or silently. Functional images created from the echoplanar images by means of cross-correlation techniques were superimposed on anatomic reference images. The location of activation from the two tasks was tabulated; the number of activated pixels in each region from the two tasks was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both silent and aloud word generation produced activation in the inferior frontal lobes, sensorimotor cortex regions, supplementary motor areas, and anterior cingulate gyri, predominantly in the dominant hemisphere. Significantly more activated pixels and fewer artifacts were detected with silent word generation than with word generation aloud.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Word generation silently or aloud produce activation in the brain. Greater activation can be detected in the left frontal lobe with silent word generation, although the subject's performance of the task cannot be monitored independently during silent word generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
authors.forename: F Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Yetkin
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hammeke
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: McAuliffe
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Haughton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*