title: MR of the brain in mitochondrial myopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the spectrum of MR findings in patients with mitochondrial myopathy and correlate them with central nervous system symptoms and signs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective evaluation of the MR findings of eight patients with mitochondrial myopathy (three with Kearns-Sayre syndrome and five with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia), six of whom had central nervous system symptoms or signs (ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss, or cognitive dysfunction).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All six patients with neurologic symptoms or signs had multiple abnormal MR findings, whereas patients without neurologic symptoms had either normal MR findings (one patient) or the solitary finding of cortical atrophy (one patient). Abnormal MR findings consisted of cerebral cortical atrophy (seven patients), cerebellar atrophy (six patients), and hyperintense signal abnormalities on T2-weighted images within the cerebral white matter (three patients), cerebellar white matter (one patient), basal ganglia (three patients), brain stem (one patient), and thalamus (one patient). In two patients, the cerebral white matter signal abnormalities were primarily peripheral and involved the arcuate fibers. All patients with ataxia had abnormal cerebellar findings on MR imaging, but there was poor correlation between other neurologic features and MR findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy are the most common MR findings in Kearns-Sayre syndrome and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. White matter and deep gray nuclei abnormalities, presumed to result from the diffuse spongiform encephalopathy reported in these patients, can also be seen. Patients with abnormal neurologic findings typically have multiple abnormalities on MR imaging, which frequently do not correlate with specific symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Provenzale
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Thulborn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007625:Kearns-Sayre Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017240:Mitochondrial Myopathies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017246:Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External / Q000175:diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies