title: The distribution of peripheral vascular disease in a Dutch Caucasian population: comparison of type II diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the distribution of peripheral vascular disease and the relationship to diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective population based study of Dutch caucasian inhabitants.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a total of 10,500 subjects aged between 50 and 75 years, 2484 Caucasian inhabitants were screened with respect to their glucose tolerance. Subjects using oral antidiabetic agents or insulin were classified directly as having diabetes mellitus. The other participants were screened using two oral glucose tolerance tests and classified using WHO criteria. A group of 173 people with diabetes and a representative age/sex stratified sample of 288 non-diabetic subjects were seen in the vascular laboratory. Carotid artery disease was investigated with Duplex scanning, arm and leg artery obstructions with real time frequency analysis of continuous wave Doppler signals and indirect blood pressure measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing diabetic with non-diabetic subjects, we found significantly more obstructions of the carotid arteries (8.7 vs 2.8%), arm arteries (2.3 vs 0%), as well as leg arteries (31.8 vs. 18.4%). The same holds if only the crural artery obstructions were compared (23.7 vs 16.0%). Two of the four diabetic subjects with arm artery obstructions had retrograde vertebral flow, three of them had carotid artery obstructions as well, and three also had leg artery obstructions. More than half of the subjects with a carotid artery obstruction, also had leg artery obstructions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral vascular disease is common in diabetes, but most are asymptomatic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Free University, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mackaay
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Beks
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Dur
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scholma
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rauwerda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D044465:White People