title: Comparative cognitive effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate in healthy adults.
abstract: The relative effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on cognition are controversial. We compared the cognitive effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate in 59 healthy adults using a randomized, double-blind, incomplete-block, crossover design. Cognitive assessments were conducted at baseline, after 1 month on each drug (two AEDs per subject), and at two repeat baselines 11 weeks after each AED treatment. The neuropsychological battery included 12 tests, yielding 22 variables: Choice Reaction Time, P3 Event-Related Potential, Finger Tapping, Lafayette Grooved Pegboard, Selective Reminding Test, Paragraph Memory, Complex Figures, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Stroop Test, Visual Serial Addition Test, Hopkins Symptom Checklist, and Profile of Mood States. More than one-half of the variables exhibited AED effects when compared with nondrug baselines, and all three AEDs produced some untoward effects. Differential AED effects on cognition were present for approximately one-third of the variables. Phenobarbital produced the worst performance; there was no clinically significant difference between phenytoin and valproate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-3280, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Meador
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Loring
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Oberzan
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012016:Reference Values; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; D010634:Phenobarbital