title: Regulation of adenylyl cyclase type VI activity during desensitization of the A2a adenosine receptor-mediated cyclic AMP response: role for protein phosphatase 2A.
abstract: We reported earlier that inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity is a mechanism involved in desensitization of the A2a adenosine receptor-mediated cAMP response (A2a desensitization) in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism that modulates adenylyl cyclase activity during A2a desensitization. Reversible inhibition of forskolin-evoked adenylyl cyclase activity in desensitized cells occurred after incubation with an A2a-selective adenosine agonist (CGS21680). However, when okadaic acid (a relatively protein phosphatase 2A-specific phosphatase inhibitor) was added after agonist removal, adenylyl cyclase activity did not recover. Okadaic acid caused significant dose-dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity in intact PC-12 cells. Prolonged exposure of okadaic acid-treated PC-12 cells to adenosine agonists did not evoke further inhibition, suggesting that the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity during A2a desensitization may operate through a pathway that overlaps with the increased phosphorylation caused by okadaic acid. Inclusion of calcium in the adenylyl cyclase assay significantly inhibited cyclase activity. indicating that PC-12 cells contain Ca(2+)-inhibitable type VI adenylyl cyclase (AC6). This was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction-based detection of AC6 cDNA. Furthermore, incubation of PC-12 cell membrane fractions with purified protein phosphatase 2A or coexpression of protein phosphatase 2A with AC6 in COS-1 cells significantly increased AC6 activity. To reduce the possible influence of Gs alpha protein, we substituted guanosine-5'-O-(2-thio)diphosphate and MnCl2 for GTP and MgCl2, respectively, in some cyclase assays and found that the suppression of AC6 during A2a desensitization and okadaic acid treatment remained largely unchanged. Taken together, these data suggest that phosphorylation of AC6 might account for the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity during A2a desensitization in PC-12 cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chern
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D051381:Rats; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D017931:DNA Primers; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic; D010627:Phenethylamines; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D004247:DNA; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D000241:Adenosine