title: RS46(DXS548) genotyping of reproductive cells: approaching preimplantation testing of the fragile-X syndrome.
abstract: In order to approach preimplantation testing for the fragile-X syndrome, we used genotyping of the polymorphic RS46(DXS548) locus closely linked to the FMR-1 gene, in single reproductive cells of females. The RS46(DXS548) amplification was adjusted to the single cell level by a two-round polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure. Unfertilized oocytes and extruded polar bodies were subjected to PCR. RS46(DXS548) genotyping at the single cell level was successful in 95% of the samples. In two-third of the metaphase II oocytes and first polar bodies obtained from women who were heterozygous at the RS46(DXS548) locus, both maternal RS46(DXS548) alleles were observed because of crossing over during the first meiotic division. This makes gamete selection by first polar body analysis inefficient. From the allele frequencies found in 56 unrelated individuals, a heterozygote frequency of 51% was estimated, whereas the observed heterozygote frequency was 56%. The whole PCR procedure can be performed within 16 h after blastomere biopsy. Consequently, the selection and transfer of the diagnosed embryos can be carried out within an acceptable time. Therefore, preimplantation testing for the fragile-X syndrome with the RS46(DXS548) AC-repeat may be an alternative choice for prenatal testing for those carrier females who are heterozygous (informative) at the RS46(DXS548) locus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dreesen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Geraedts
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dumoulin
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pieters
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001755:Blastocyst; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009865:Oocytes; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C497683:FMR1 protein, human