title: The cytokines IL-4, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 regulate the development of subsets of memory effector helper T cells in vitro.
abstract: We analyzed the development of cytokine-producing effector T cells from resting CD4 memory cells. Previously we showed that such memory effectors are induced in vivo upon re-exposure to Ag. Here we demonstrate that effectors arise in vitro when memory CD4 cells are restimulated with Ag in the presence cytokines. Resting splenic CD4 cells from KLH-primed mice that were depleted of naive cells by adult thymectomy and were exclusively of memory phenotype initially secreted high titers of IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 and IFN-gamma in response to Ag. When memory CD4 cells were restimulated for 3 to 4 days in cultures containing rIL-2 and Ab to block endogenous IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion, Th0-like effectors that produced greatly increased levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma developed. rIL-4 together with rIL-2 and anti-IFN-gamma induced Th2-like cells that secreted primarily IL-4. In contrast, Th1-like effectors that produced IL-2 and IFN-gamma developed in the presence of rIL-2 and anti-IL-4. Addition of rIFN-gamma further enhanced priming for IFN-gamma secretion. rIL-12 also induced effectors that produced high levels of IFN-gamma, but little IL-2. Thus, cytokines direct the development of effector subsets from memory CD4 cells. Our results suggest that memory and naive CD4 cells undergo parallel development following Ag stimulation, initially secreting predominantly IL-2 and differentiating in response to IL-4, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 into polarized effector subsets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0063, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Swain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin