Transactivation of cellular genes by human retroviruses.
We have focused this chapter on interactions with two of the best characterized transregulatory genes, tax for HTLV-I/II and Tat for HIV-1. Both genes illustrate the complex interplay between retroviral regulatory genes and cellular gene regulation. In both instances a viral gene of relatively straightforward function in the viral context appears to cause extensive dysregulation of cellular genes, either directly or as a consequence of altered cellular differentiation. Understanding this viral/cellular gene cross-talk may elucidate mechanisms leading to malignant transformation autoimmune disease and to neurologic and paraneoplastic complications such as hypercalcemia for HTLV-I/II, as well as the pathogenesis of immune dysfunction and opportunistic malignancy in HIV-I/II-infected individuals. An understanding of functional mechanisms of these transregulatory viral genes will undoubtedly afford better explanations for the myriad manifestations of retroviral infection.
Rosenblatt
J D
JD
UCLA Department of Medicine, USA.
Miles
S
S
Gasson
J C
JC
Prager
D
D
D000818:Animals; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000378:metabolism; D015756:Genes, tat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D015367:Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
D016356:Gene Products, tax