title: Thyroid and thymic endocrine function and survival in severely traumatized patients with or without head injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional links among the brain, endocrine and immune system have been described previously. An impairment of both immunological defence mechanisms and thyroid hormone turnover was present in trauma conditions. An investigation on the relevance of thymulin and thyroid hormones in multiple trauma patients with or without head injury has been performed. The role of these hormones as predictive factors for patients outcome was also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma thymulin levels and plasma thyroid hormone concentrations were tested in multiple trauma patients 24 h after admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and again after 5 and 10 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Immunology Ctr. INRCA, IInd ICU, S. Matteo Hospital Pavia and ICU "Umberto I" Hospital, Ancona.
  
  
  METHODS
  45 patients were evaluated including 14 multiple trauma patients without head injury and 31 multiple trauma patients with head injury at various level of coma, graded according to the Glascow Coma Score (GCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Routine protocol interventions were performed in all head injured patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thymulin and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were reduced, and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) increased in all traumatized patients, but multiple trauma patients with head injury and GCS < or = 5 had the lowest levels of thymulin and T3 and the highest levels of rT3. No difference in plasma thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH) levels was observed among injured patients. The analysis of predictive factors for the outcome has assigned to thymulin the highest score (29.6%) compared with the score for T3 (19.3%) and rT3 (26.3%). The total relative risk (delta %) calculated on the basis of T3 or rT3 rises significantly when thymulin relative risk is added.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thymulin is markedly reduced in multiple trauma patients with head injury and it represents a predictive factor for the outcome better than the one deriving from the single measurements restricted to thyroid hormones.
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Department, Italian National Research Centers on Aging (INRCA), Ancona.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mocchegiani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Imberti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Testasecca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zandri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santarelli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fabris
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003128:Coma / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D013935:Thymic Factor, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D013935:Thymic Factor, Circulating