title: Solitary pulmonary nodules: determining the likelihood of malignancy with neural network analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test a neural network in differentiation of benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neural networks were trained and tested on the characteristics of 318 nodules. Predictive accuracy of the network was judged for calibration and discrimination. Network results were compared with those with a simpler Bayesian method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Brier score was 0.142 (calibration, 0.003; discrimination, 0.139) for the neural network and 0.133 for the Bayesian analysis (calibration, 0.012; discrimination, 0.121). Analysis of the calibration curve revealed no significant difference (P < .05) between the slope (b = 1.09) and the line of identity (b = 1) for the neural network or the Bayesian analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.871 for the neural network and 0.894 for the Bayesian analysis (P < .05). There were 23 and 21 false-positive predictions and 18 and six false-negative predictions for the neural network and Bayesian analysis, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Bayesian method was better than the neural network in prediction of probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-1045, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gurney
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Swensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001706:Biopsy; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D011336:Probability; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology