title: Polarographic needle electrode measurements of oxygen in rat prostate carcinomas: accuracy and reproducibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The oxygenation status of tumors may be important for predicting tumor response to therapy. Previous studies with the anaplastic (R3327-AT) and well-differentiated (R3327-H) Dunning rat prostate tumors using indirect assays of tumor oxygenation indicated the relative hypoxic and radioresistant nature of the anaplastic tumor. We now report direct measurements of oxygen in these tumors made with the pO2 histograph to determine: (a) whether a significant difference in oxygenation status could be detected between them: (b) whether sequential measurements on the same tumor gave similar values; and (c) whether tumor oxygenation correlated with tumor volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  R3327-AT and R3327-H tumors were grown in Fischer X Copenhagen rat to volumes of 1.0-7.0 cm3. Electrode measurements (100-200) were made in tumors in anesthetized animals along two parallel tracks. Repeat measurements were made at 1-5 days along different parallel tracks. Oxygen partial pressures of muscle tissue were measured and served as a normal tissue control. Statistical analyses were applied to determine whether tumor oxygen levels were different between the two tumor histologies, whether sequential measurements in the same tumor were reproducible, and whether tumor oxygenation correlated with tumor volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average median pO2 of the well-differentiated (n = 15) and the anaplastic (n = 15) tumors was 6.0 mmHg (SE +/- 1.3) and 2.2 mmHg (SE +/- 0.3), respectively. The average median pO2 of normal rat muscle (n = 15) was 23.6 mmHg (SE +/- 2.0). These values represent highly significant differences in oxygen concentration between the two tumors and rat muscle. The differences in average mean pO2 values were also highly significant. Repeat measurements in the same tumors on different days gave average median values of 4.7 and 2.2 mmHg in the R3327-H (n = 15) and R3327-AT (n = 15) tumors, respectively. For these repeat measurements, median pO2 values decreased in 15 and increased in 15 tumors, and were not significantly different from the first measurements. The average differences observed in median pO2 were 37% (SE +/- 7) and 58% (SE +/- 10) for the R3327-H and R3327-AT tumors, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between pO2 levels and the tumor volumes investigated in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The median pO2 values of the anaplastic Dunning tumors were significantly lower than those of the well-differentiated tumors (p < 0.001). Oxygen levels in both tumors were significantly lower than those measured in normal rat muscle (p < 0.00005). Repeat measurements of median pO2 in the same tumors were not significantly different for either tumor model (p > 0.5). The changes observed in pO2 distributions within individual tumors from day to day may indicate true dynamics of its oxygenation status and/or the limits of electrode measurements, by sampling along only two insertion sites. The electrode measurements of pO2 in these tumor models are reproducible and confirm previously detected oxygenation differences between the anaplastic and well-differentiated tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111. USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biade
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lanciano
authors.forename: D Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fenning
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Babb
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hanks
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D011048:Polarography / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen