title: Effectiveness of brachytherapy in treating carcinoma of the vulva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radical radiotherapeutic management of vulvar cancer often incorporates brachytherapy as a portion of the treatment regimen. However, few studies using this modality alone to manage vulvar cancer have been published.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty four patients were treated with iridium-192 (192Ir) brachytherapy for vulvar cancer between 1975 and 1993 at Centre Alexis Vautrin. Twenty-one patients were treated at first presentation when surgery was contraindicated or declined. Of these patients, 12 had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Classification Stage III or IV disease, 8 were Stage II, 1 was Stage I, and 1 was Stage 0. Thirteen patients were treated for recurrent disease. Paris system rules for implantation and dose prescription were followed. The median reference dose was 60 Gy (range 53 to 88 Gy). At the time of analysis, 10 of 34 patients were alive. Median follow-up in these 10 patients was 31 months (range: 21 months to 107 months). Fourteen of the 24 deaths were from causes other than vulvar cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kaplan-Meier actuarial 5-year local control was 47% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23 to 73%) and 5-year actuarial loco-regional control was 45% (95% CI = 21 to 70%). Kaplan-Meier actuarial 5-year disease-specific survival was 56% (95% CI = 33 to 76%) and actuarial 5-year survival was 29% (95% CI = 15 to 49%). Median time to death was 14 months. Subset analysis revealed a higher actuarial 5-year local control in patients treated at first presentation than those treated for recurrence (80 vs. 19%, log rank, p = 0.04). Similarly, actuarial 5-year loco-regional control was higher in patients treated at first presentation (80 vs. 16%, log rank, p = 0.01). The two groups did not differ significantly in disease-specific or overall survival. The actuarial 5-year disease specific survival of 56% is somewhat less than the expected 5-year disease-specific survival after surgery in a group having a similar proportion of early stage, advanced stage, and recurrent vulvar cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brachytherapy is an effective treatment for patients with carcinoma of the vulva who decline surgery or in whom surgery is contraindicated.
authors.affiliation: Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pohar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoffstetter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peiffert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luporsi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pernot
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes