title: Contribution of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to pulmonary cytokine expression and lung injury after hemorrhage and resuscitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in producing acute inflammatory lung injury after hemorrhage and resuscitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male BALB/c mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment with rat antimouse monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies or control rat immunoglobulin G 1 hr after 30% blood volume hemorrhage and resuscitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Therapy with monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies prevented the posthemorrhage increases in pulmonary TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma protein levels that normally occur after blood loss. Administration of monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies also diminished the increases in interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 mRNA, but not the increases in TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma mRNA, which are found in the lungs following hemorrhage. In addition, therapy with monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies was associated with significant improvement in the histologic parameters of posthemorrhage lung injury, particularly intra-alveolar hemorrhage and pulmonary vascular congestion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that TNF-alpha has an important role in the development of acute inflammatory lung injury after blood loss. Blockade of TNF-alpha with monoclonal antibodies significantly reduces hemorrhage-induced lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jesmok
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tuder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allbee
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D012151:Resuscitation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma