title: Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha mRNA expression in an immortalized microglial cell line and cortical astrocyte cultures.
abstract: Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1) is a recently characterized inflammatory and chemokinetic cytokine. Proinflammatory stimuli have been shown to induce expression of MIP-1 by macrophages. We hypothesized that microglia and astrocytes express MIP-1 alpha because of their many immunologic similarities to macrophages. MIP-1 alpha mRNA was examined with quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction in an immortalized mouse microglial cell line (BV-2) and in mouse cortical astrocyte cultures. We found that in both the BV-2 microglial cell line and in astrocyte cultures, MIP-1 alpha mRNA was strongly induced by lipopolysaccharide and the phorbol ester PMA. MIP-1 alpha mRNA was reduced by dBcAMP, interferon-gamma, and PGE1. Dexamethasone decreased MIP-1 alpha mRNA levels in astrocyte cultures, but not in BV-2 microglial cells. Interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and MIP-1 alpha had no effect on MIP-1 alpha mRNA expression. These findings demonstrate that MIP-1 alpha mRNA is expressed by cultured glial cells and is regulated by proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli. MIP-1 alpha may be expressed by microglia and astrocytes in vivo, and may help modulate cerebral inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: X C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bocchini
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Eng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D015846:Monokines / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D015846:Monokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger