title: Treatment with bivalirudin (Hirulog) as compared with heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable or postinfarction angina. Hirulog Angioplasty Study Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heparin is often administered during and after coronary angioplasty to prevent closure of the dilated vessel. However, ischemic or hemorrhagic complications occur in 5 to 10 percent of treated patients. We studied whether these complications could be prevented when the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin (Hirulog) was used in place of heparin.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a double-blind, randomized trial in 4098 patients undergoing angioplasty for unstable or postinfarction angina. Patients were assigned to receive either heparin or bivalirudin immediately before angioplasty. The primary end point were death in the hospital, myocardial infarction, abrupt vessel closure, or rapid clinical deterioration of cardiac origin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the total study group, bivalirudin did not significantly reduce the incidence of the primary end point (11.4 percent, vs. 12.2 percent for heparin) but did result in a lower incidence of bleeding (3.8 percent vs. 9.8 percent, P < 0.001). In the prospectively stratified subgroup of 704 patients with postinfarction angina, bivalirudin therapy resulted in a lower incidence of the primary end point (9.1 percent vs. 14.2 percent, P = 0.04) and a lower incidence of bleeding (3.0 percent vs. 11.1 percent, P < 0.001), but in a similar cumulative rate of death, myocardial infarction, and repeated revascularization in the six months after angioplasty (20.5 percent vs. 25.1 percent, P = 0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bivalirudin was at least as effective as high-dose heparin in preventing ischemic complications in patients who underwent angioplasty for unstable angina, and it carried a lower risk of bleeding. Bivalirudin, as compared with heparin, reduced the risk of immediate ischemic complications in patients with postinfarction angina, but this difference was no longer apparent after six months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bittl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strony
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brinker
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Meckel
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Chaitman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maraganore
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adelman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000628:therapy*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D006629:Hirudins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D006493:Heparin; C074619:bivalirudin