title: Resting cerebral glucose metabolism in first-episode and previously treated patients with schizophrenia relates to clinical features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional neuroimaging can elucidate brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. The frontal, temporolimbic, and diencephalic regions have been implicated. There is a lack of prospective samples of first-episode and previously treated patients followed up longitudinally.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients and controls (42 per group) were studied. Positron emission tomography with flurodeoxyglucose, cross-registered with magnetic resonance imaging, measured metabolism. Scales assessed clinical features, premorbid adjustment, and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between groups in whole-brain metabolism or regional ratios or in anterior-posterior gradients, but left midtemporal metabolism was relatively higher in patients. This was pronounced in the negative and Schneiderian and absent in the paranoid subtypes. Higher metabolism and lower relative left hemispheric values were associated with better premorbid adjustment and outcome. A higher subcortical-cortical gradient was noted in first-episode patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are no resting metabolic abnormalities in any brain region, but abnormal gradients are evident. These vary in subtypes, and laterality is associated with functioning. The results support the hypothesis of temporolimbic disturbance in schizophrenia that is all ready present at the onset of illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mozley
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Mozley
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Shtasel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gallacher
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alavi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reivich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005947:Glucose