title: Invasive rhinosino-orbital aspergillosis with precipitous visual loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinicopathological and radiologic features in five cases of primary and secondary orbital aspergillosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ophthalmology department of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients over 65 years of age with invasive rhinosino-orbital aspergillosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presenting features were abrupt onset of proptosis, ophthalmoplegia and blepharoptosis with precipitous visual loss. All had debilitating periorbital pain or headache, but none had orbital inflammatory signs or appeared "toxic." Predisposing causes included alcoholism, low-dose prednisone therapy and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. One patient, suspected of having mucormycosis based on tissue biopsy and results of potassium hydroxide preparations, harboured Aspergillus fumigatus, which grew on culture. Secondary bacterial infections developed in three patients. Three patients died from their disease despite aggressive surgical treatment, including exenteration and sinus extirpation. The one patient with primary orbital aspergillosis survived after exenteration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sinonasal aspergillosis with orbital extension and primary orbital aspergillosis have a precipitous clinical course that mimics that of mucormycosis and may be fatal despite early exenteration. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the sinuses, orbit and head provide complementary diagnostic signs. While results of potassium hydroxide preparations and tissue biopsy guide treatment of fungal infection, definitive diagnosis requires fungal culture. Relatively good vision may be associated with massive orbital and secondary intracranial extension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2499, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mauriello
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yepez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mostafavi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barofsky
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kapila
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baredes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy