title: Male breast cancer--a report of 4 cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: Male breast cancer represents only about 1% of all breast cancers. Of 451 patients with breast cancer, we have experienced four cases of male breast cancer. Characteristics of these male patients with breast cancer were an older age at diagnosis (mean: 68.5 years old), prolonged duration of symptom (ranged from 1 month to 6 years with a mean of 25.5 months), centrally located tumor, advanced staging and infiltrating ductal carcinoma in histologic type. Some reported risk factors for the development of male breast cancer, such as radiation exposure, hormonal factors and gallstone disease were present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery 1, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Z L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakafusa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chijiiwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors