title: Implementation and evaluation of an automated dispensing system.
abstract: An institution's experience in replacing a traditional unit dose cassette-exchange system with an automated dispensing system is described. A 24-hour unit dose cassette-exchange system was replaced with an automated dispensing system (Pyxis's Medstation Rx) on a 36-bed cardiovascular surgery unit and an 8-bed cardiovascular intensive care unit. Significantly fewer missing doses were reported after Medstation Rx was implemented. No conclusions could be made about the impact of the system on the reporting of medication errors. The time savings for pharmacy associated with the filling, checking, and delivery of new medication orders equated to about 0.5 full-time equivalent (FTE). Medstation Rx also saved substantial nursing time for acquisition of controlled substances and for controlled-substance inventory taking at shift changes. A financial analysis showed that Medstation Rx could save the institution about $1 million over five years if all personnel time savings could be translated into FTE reductions. The automated system was given high marks by the nurses in a survey; 80% wanted to keep the system on their unit. Pilot implementation of an automated dispensing system improved the efficiency of drug distribution over that of the traditional unit dose cassette-exchange system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Services, UCSF, USA.
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Brodowy
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001331:Automation; D016303:Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems; D006746:Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012495:San Francisco; D016526:Workload