title: Disturbed energy balance in skeletal muscle of patients with untreated primary hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been shown that the distribution of Na+ and Ca2+ in various cells is abnormal in patients with untreated primary hypertension, indicating an altered membrane permeability in these cells. This would activate certain ion pumps and thereby enhance ATP turnover. We investigated possible alterations in energy economy of skeletal muscle tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skeletal muscle energetics were studied in vitro and in vivo in patients with untreated primary hypertension. Phosphocreatine (PCr), energy charge (EC) and total adenylate values were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed at the outpatient clinic of a general hospital and at a university clinical chemistry department and at a specialized bioenergetic laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether, 17 patients with untreated primary hypertension were examined together with matched, healthy and normotensive controls with normal body-mass index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from 10 patients and 10 controls for analysis of high energy phosphate compounds. Another seven patients were enrolled for in vivo NMR spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a decrease of 30% (P < 0.01) of PCr content in the patients, whilst EC and total adenylates were unchanged. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed an abnormal decrease of PCr during exercise followed by a markedly slower regeneration of PCr during post-exercise recovery parallelled by a slower recovery of pH. This phenomenon was mirrored by a more pronounced decrease of ATP/Pi in patients during exercise and a slower recovery of ATP/Pi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data are compatible with an increased ATP turnover in skeletal muscle cells of patients with untreated primary hypertension although ATP was favoured and kept at a normal resting level at the expense of the PCr store.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, University of Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ronquist
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soussi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frithz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scherstén
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waldenström
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate