title: Gender differences in fire fighter job stressors and symptoms of stress.
abstract: This study described gender differences in fire fighter appraisal of job stressors and symptoms of stress. A sample of 670 male and 41 female fire fighters responded to an anonymous mail survey consisting of three standardized and investigator-developed questionnaires. Male and female fire fighter respondents were more similar than different on both job stressor and symptoms of stress measures. Five job stressors were ranked the most "bothersome" by both males and females during the last 10 shifts worked. These were: sleep disturbance, wage/benefit concerns, job skill concerns, substandard equipment, and safety concerns. Of these five job stress factors, only one gender difference was noted. Female fire fighters reported significantly higher scores than males on job skill concerns. Job discrimination reported by female respondents was significantly higher than for males (t = 3.51, p < .0001) even though it was not ranked among the five most stressful factors. Partial correlations computed between job stressors and symptoms of stress, while controlling for the number of years as a fire fighter, were of moderately high magnitude for both genders and similar to simple correlations computed. These results suggest that the number of years of service did not account for gender differences reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosocial Nursing SC-76, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Beaton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pike
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005390:Fires / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires