title: Developmental screening in young children with sickle cell disease. Results of a cooperative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study was to assess development in young children with sickle cell disease as part of the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) was administered to children younger than 6 years at 12 participating institutions of the CSSCD. Trained examiners administered tests to 344 children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tests were scored as normal in 90.4%, questionable in 6.4%, and abnormal in 1.5%; 1.7% of children were considered untestable. There was no relationship between DDST results and sickle cell genotype. Questionable and abnormal (Q/A) scores were more common in children ages 3-5 years than in younger children (12.6% versus 3.8%; P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the DDST is a screening test, it should be interpreted cautiously. However, the more numerous Q/A scores in our "older" group agree with the findings of recent reports of neuropsychological impairment in school-age children with sickle cell disease. Our data suggest that development is relatively normal before age 3 years; deficits seen in older children may reflect subsequent ischemic insults.
authors.affiliation: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espeland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fandal
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012805:Sickle Cell Trait / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D013789:Thalassemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology