Clinical pharmacologic aspects of cefixime in dogs.
The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefixime, a new third-generation orally administered caphalosporin, was determined for reference and clinical isolates from dogs. The MIC of the drug for all but 1 of the 18 Enterobacteriaceae isolates tested, 1 Pasteurella canis, 1 Rhodococcus equi, 1 Streptococcus canis, and 1 Streptococcus group G isolate, was less than 1.0 microgram/ml. The MIC for 9 Staphylococcus intermedius isolates ranged from 1.56 to 6.25 micrograms/ml and, for 8 Sta aureus isolates, the MIC values ranged from 1.56 to 12.5 micrograms/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces sp, and a single Bordetella bronchiseptica isolate were considered resistant to cefixime. Cefixime was administered orally in 2 phases at a standard dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight to clinically normal adult male and female dogs. In the first phase, the drug was given once as a capsule and once as a suspension. In the second phase, it was administered once per day for 6 consecutive days in capsule form. Serum drug concentration was determined by use of a microbiological assay, and the following kinetic values were estimated for each dog: area under the concentration-time curve, peak serum drug concentration (Cmax), time of Cmax, absorption half-life, and elimination half-life (t1/2el). The kinetic profile of the drug in serum after oral administration of a single dose of cefixime was similar, with mean Cmax values of 3.36 and 4.76 micrograms/ml after treatment with the capsule and suspension, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lavy
E
E
Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Ziv
G
G
Aroch
I
I
Glickman
A
A
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020682:Cefixime; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D013997:Time Factors
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020682:Cefixime; D002439:Cefotaxime