title: Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by long-term insulin infusion in severely burned patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if long-term (7 days) infusion of insulin can ameliorate altered protein kinetics in skeletal muscle of severely burned patients and to investigate the hypothesis that changes in protein kinetics during insulin infusion are associated with an increased rate of transmembrane amino acid transport from plasma into the intracellular free amino acid pool.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In critically ill patients, vigorous nutritional support alone may often fail to entirely curtail muscle catabolism; insulin stimulates muscle protein synthesis in normal volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with severe burns were studied once during enteral feeding alone (control period), and once after 7 days of high-dose insulin. The order of treatment with insulin was randomized. Data were derived from a model based on a primed-continuous infusion of L-[15N]phenylalanine, sampling of blood from the femoral artery and vein, and biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Net leg muscle protein balance was significantly (p < 0.05) negative during the control period. Exogenous insulin eliminated this negative balance by stimulating protein synthesis approximately 350% (p < 0.01). This was made possible in part by a sixfold increase in the inward transport of amino acids from blood (p < 0.01). There was also a significant increase in leg muscle protein breakdown. The new rates of synthesis, breakdown, and inward transport during insulin were in balance, such that there was no difference in the intracellular phenylalanine concentration from the control period. The fractional synthetic rate of protein in the wound was also stimulated by insulin by approximately 50%, but the response was variable and did not reach significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exogenous insulin may be useful in promoting muscle protein synthesis in severely catabolic patients.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aarsland
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Chinkes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pierre
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002056:Burns / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007328:Insulin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010649:Phenylalanine