title: Experimental models of tracheobronchial stenoses: a useful tool for evaluating airway stents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stent implantation is a conservative alternative to open operation for treating benign tracheobronchial strictures. Most of the presently available stents were primarily designed for endovascular use. Their respiratory use entails a risk of iatrogenic complications. From a scientific and from an ethical point of view these risks justify preclinical evaluation of new respiratory stents in experimental models of central airway stenoses. Therefore, an attempt was made to develop such models in piglets and adult minipigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tracheal stenoses were obtained by creating first a segmental tracheomalacia through extramucosal resection of cartilaginous arches. The fibrous component of the stenoses was then obtained through bronchoscopic application of a caustic agent causing progressive deep mucosal and submucosal injury. Stenoses of the main bronchi were created by topical application of the caustic agent only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These models demonstrated the typical features of benign fibromalacic tracheobronchial stenoses with constant recurrence after mechanical dilation. Preliminary experiments showed that short-term problems of tolerance of stent prototypes are easily demonstrable in these models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experimental models, which simulate quite realistically human diseases, offer the opportunity to perfect new tracheobronchial stents specifically designed for respiratory use and to evaluate their long-term tolerance before their use in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Marquette
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mensier
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Copin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desmidt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petyt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002356:Cartilage / Q000601:surgery; D002424:Caustics / Q000009:adverse effects; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000139:chemically induced; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004106:Dilatation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005355:Fibrosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008422:Materials Testing; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries; D009336:Necrosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D002424:Caustics; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide