Cytogenetic effects of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in rat peripheral lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo.
3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) is a potent direct-acting Salmonella mutagen found in wood pulp chlorination effluents and chlorinated drinking water. In cultured rat peripheral lymphocytes, MX induced significant dose-related increases in sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome aberrations at doses of 20-60 micrograms/ml and of 60-80 micrograms/ml, respectively. MX produced primarily chromatid-type as opposed to chromosome-type aberrations. The peripheral lymphocytes of male and female rats exposed to MX by gavage 5 days a week for 14-18 weeks showed significant dose-related increases in SCEs at both levels of exposure (30 and 45-75 mg/kg) in both sexes. The present results demonstrate for the first time that MX is genotoxic in vivo.
Jansson
K
K
Division of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland.
Mäki-Paakkanen
J
J
Vaittinen
S L
SL
Vartiainen
T
T
Komulainen
H
H
Tuomisto
J
J
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D005260:Female; D005663:Furans / Q000633:toxicity*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange
D005663:Furans; D009153:Mutagens; C054121:3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone