title: Measuring passive cervical motion: a study of reliability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the inter- and intraexaminer reliability of assessing passive cervical range of motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blind, repeated measures of passive cervical range of motion by two different examiners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory outpatient facility in an independent NHS funded chiropractic research institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen asymptomatic volunteers, 7 men and 7 women, aged 23-45 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement of passive cervical range of motion using a strap-on head goniometer by two blinded examiners. Each subject was measured three times with 20-min intervals between each measurement, using a mean-of-five-measurements protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Passive cervical range of motion in 6 separate directions of movement from "neutral zero"--right and left lateral flexion, right and left rotation and flexion and extension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inter- and intraexaminer reliability was evaluated using a paired t test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (supplemented by a scatterplot). Intraexaminer reliability was found to be acceptable (Pearson's r = 0.61-0.86), whereas interexaminer reliability was less than acceptable (Pearson's r = 0.29-0.66).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Passive cervical range of motion could be measured reliably on different occasions by the same examiner but not by different examiners. It is unclear whether low interexaminer reliability in the present study was because of inherent methodological problems or because of insufficient training of examiners before the study.
authors.affiliation: Nordic Institute of Chiropractic, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method