title: Types of drunk-driving intervention: prevalence, success and gender.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Survey research suggests that there are few, if any, gender differences in the types and frequency of informal drunk-driving intervention. This contrasts sharply with laboratory studies of helping behavior which report that men are more likely to help than are women. The present study examined the frequency and success rate of several different types of informal drunk-driving intervention for women and men. The influence of the gender of the intervenor and the intoxicated individual and the intervenor's familiarity with the individual on the use and success of the different interventions were also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students (N = 388) at a major West Coast university completed a drinking and driving questionnaire. Of these subjects 303 (78%) reported having been in a DUI situation within the last year, and 68% at these students (n = 206) who reported having intervened at least once in the past year were used in the present study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were just as likely as men to intervene. There were few gender differences in the frequency and success rates of the different types of intervention examined. Familiarity with the intoxicated individual increased the frequency and success of intervention. However, intervention with strangers occurred under certain circumstances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that there are few gender differences in the use and success rate of different types of informal drunk-driving intervention. However, since the interventions examined in this study were determined a priori, gender differences may still be operative. There is some research evidence that suggests that men and women approach potential drunk drivers differently. Furthermore, the role of familiarity in drunk-driving intervention needs to be further examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University West, Phoenix 85069-7100, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rabow
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D001242:Assertiveness; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D012931:Social Environment; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*