title: Initial experience with the Cosgrove-Edwards Annuloplasty System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mitral valve has a nonplanar shape and a sphincter action. Pathologic dilatation occurs along the posterior annulus. To preserve the physiologic function and correct annular dilatation, we developed an annuloplasty system that is universally flexible and produces a measured plication of the posterior annulus (Cosgrove-Edwards Annuloplasty System).
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of 150 consecutive mitral valve repairs using this system were analyzed. Mean age was 58 +/- 13 years; 59% were men. The cause of the valve disease was degenerative in 75% of the patients, rheumatic in 13%, ischemic in 8%, and infectious in 4%. Associated procedures were performed in 61 patients (41%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Echocardiographic mitral regurgitation decreased from 3.7 +/- 0.6 before repair to 0.2 +/- 0.4 after repair (p < 0.0001). There were no hospital deaths and no cases of hemodynamically significant systolic anterior motion or other annuloplasty-related complications. Follow-up was 100% complete at a mean of 3.1 +/- 3.6 months. There were three late deaths, three transient ischemic attacks, and one episode of endocarditis. Five patients (3.3%) have undergone reoperation for recurrent mitral insufficiency; no reoperations were related to the annuloplasty system. At a mean of 9 months, three-dimensional reconstruction of the mitral annulus from multiple echocardiographic images confirmed the nonplanar shape and sphincter mechanism of the annulus. Annular orifice area decreased 19% during the cardiac cycle from a mean of 10.3 cm2 in diastole to 8.6 cm2 in systole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This annuloplasty system is effective for repair of insufficiency secondary to all causes, preserves physiologic annulus function, and is associated with a low incidence of valve-related complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arcidi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003971:Diastole; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D004452:Echocardiography; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D018583:Pliability; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D013599:Systole