title: Transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding the human C-type lectin leukocyte receptor AIM/CD69 and functional characterization of its tumor necrosis factor-alpha-responsive elements.
abstract: The human activation antigen CD69 is a member of the C-type animal lectin superfamily that functions as a signal-transmitting receptor. Although the expression of CD69 can be induced in vitro on cells of most hematopoietic lineages with a wide variety of stimuli, in vivo it is mainly expressed by T-lymphocytes located in the inflammatory infiltrates of several human diseases. To elucidate the mechanisms that regulate the constitutive and inducible expression of CD69 by leukocytes, we isolated the promoter region of the CD69 gene and carried out its functional characterization. Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the CD69 gene revealed the presence of a potential TATA element 30 base pairs upstream of the major transcription initiation site and several putative binding sequences for inducible transcription factors (NF-kappa B, Egr-1, AP-1), which might mediate the inducible expression of this gene. Transient expression of CD69 promoter-based reporter gene constructs in K562 cells indicated that the proximal promoter region spanning positions -78 to +16 contained the cis-acting sequences necessary for basal and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-inducible transcription of the CD69 gene. Removal of the upstream sequences located between positions -78 and -38 resulted in decreased promoter strength and abolished the response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. We also found that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is capable of inducing the surface expression of the CD69 molecule as well as the promoter activity of fusion plasmids that contain 5'-flanking sequences of the CD69 gene, suggesting that this cytokine may regulate in vivo the expression of CD69.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biología Molecular, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Cabrera
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Blázquez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ursa
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Santis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Madrid
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015723:Gene Library; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016385:TATA Box; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099192:CD69 Antigens; C497325:EGR1 protein, human