title: Nephrotoxicity of xenobiotics.
abstract: Nephrotoxicity can be grouped by the xenobiotics place of action, by the clinical presentation or by the generic toxic effect. The latter can be dose related, indirect, idiosyncratic or allergic. Nephrotoxicity of lithium, demeclocycline, aminoglycosides, cyclosporine, mercuric ion, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, methoxyflurane, ethylene glycol, D-penicillamine and methicillin is reviewed in light of all these three viewpoints, but emphasis is on toxic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nayar
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects; D008628:Mercury / Q000009:adverse effects; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D015262:Xenobiotics; D016572:Cyclosporine; D008094:Lithium; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D008628:Mercury