title: Pseudo-epileptic seizures: hypnosis as a diagnostic tool.
abstract: In this pilot study hypnosis was used in an attempt to provide evidence of a psychogenic component of pseudo-epileptic seizures. The criterion for psychogenesis was the reversal of the amnesia, which is often present in epileptic- and pseudo-epileptic seizures. The technique has been validated by a semi-blind referral of cases for analysis after the clinician had been able to make a firm diagnosis based on electro-encephalic corroboration of the nature of the seizure. In eight out of nine patients (of the original 13 patients, three patients dropped out and one patient was not evaluable), the experimental diagnosis corresponded with the clinical diagnosis. As pseudo-epileptic seizures can be characterized by their dissociative nature, a reasonable hypothesis is that patients with pseudo-epileptic seizures are more responsive to hypnosis than patients with epileptic seizures. Measurements of hypnotizability among seven patients with epileptic seizures and six patients with pseudo-epileptic seizures supported this supposition.
authors.affiliation: Instituut voor Epilepsiebestrijding, Heemstede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuyk
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Aldenkamp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meinardi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spinhoven
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Dyck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003291:Conversion Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008297:Male; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*