title: 5' control regions of the apolipoprotein(a) gene and members of the related plasminogen gene family.
abstract: Elevated blood levels of apolipoprotein(a), the component of lipoprotein(a) that distinguishes it from low density lipoprotein, are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. The apolipoprotein(a) gene is highly similar to the plasminogen gene and to at least four other genes or pseudogenes. The 5' untranslated and flanking sequences of these six genes contain extensive regions of near identity and share sequence elements involved in the initiation of transcription and translation. About 1000 base pairs of flanking DNA of each gene are sufficient to promote transcription in cultured hepatocytes. The apolipoprotein(a) gene promoter contains functional interleukin 6-responsive elements, consistent with the reported acute-phase response of apolipoprotein(a). Flanking genomic fragments of the apoliprotein(a) gene from two individuals with vastly different plasma apolipoprotein(a) concentrations have sequence differences that are reflected in differences in the rate of in vitro transcription.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5246.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Zysow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lawn
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D053241:Apoprotein(a); D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015698:Genomic Library; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000235:genetics*; D011061:Poly A / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011061:Poly A; D012313:RNA; D010958:Plasminogen; D004247:DNA; D008156:Luciferases; D053241:Apoprotein(a)