Lipoprotein-cholesterol responses in healthy infants fed defined diets from ages 1 to 12 months: comparison of diets predominant in oleic acid versus linoleic acid, with parallel observations in infants fed a human milk-based diet.
A prospective study in healthy infants predefining both diet fatty acid and cholesterol, from birth to age 1 year, compared response of cholesterol fractions in three groups: random assignment to 1) monounsaturated-(Hi-Mono) (n = 20), or 2) polyunsaturated-(Hi-Poly) (n = 22) fatty acid-enriched diets, or 3) non-randomized selection to breast feeding (Human Milk) (n = 25). In each group, designated weaning foods and supplements maintained fatty acid and cholesterol intake similar to that of each group's defined formulas, with long-term compliance confirmed by plasma phospholipid fatty acid concentrations. By 12 months, total cholesterol was significantly lower in the Hi-Poly group compared to either of the other groups (P < 0.05). Low density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower by 12 months in the Hi-Poly group, compared to the Hi-Mono groups. However, at the earlier 4-month interval, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in both Hi-Mono and Hi-Poly groups were not different from each other, although each was significantly lower than the parallel Human Milk-group (P < 0.05). The Hi-Mono group increased gradually in total and LDL-cholesterol such that, after 12 months' feedings, all lipid fractions of this Hi-Mono group were no different from those of the Human Milk group. In independent group comparisons, there were no significant differences in HDL-cholesterol concentrations after 4 and 9 months on these diets. Independent of diet, HDL-cholesterol showed a falling trend as an overall time-effect across all groups (P < 0.001). These data suggest that prolonged feeding of a diet enriched in polyunsaturated acids in early infancy has a significant cholesterol-lowering effect compared to monounsaturates. These differences in total, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol plasma concentrations between polyunsaturates and monounsaturates were not significantly evident until feedings had continued for a year.
Mize
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Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75235-9063, USA.
Uauy
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Kramer
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Benser
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Allen
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Grundy
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SM
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019301:Oleic Acid; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D009829:Oleic Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D019301:Oleic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid