title: Cloning and regulation of expression of the rat kidney urea transporter (rUT2).
abstract: In mammals, urea is the predominant end-product of nitrogen metabolism and plays a central role in the urinary-concentrating mechanism. Urea accumulation in the renal medulla is critical to the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine to an osmolality greater than systemic plasma. Regulation of urea excretion and accumulation in the renal medulla depends on the functional state of specialized phloretin-sensitive urea transporters. To study these transporters and their regulation of expression we isolated a cDNA which encodes the rat homologue (rUT2) of rabbit UT2 (You, G., C.P. Smith, Y. Kanai, W.-S. Lee, M. Stelzner, and M.A. Hediger, et al. Nature (Lond.). 1993. 365:844-847). Rat UT2 has 88% amino acid sequence identity to rabbit UT2 and 64% identity to the recently cloned human erythrocyte urea transporter, HUT11 (Olives, B., P. Neav, P. Bailly, M.A. Hediger, G. Rousselet, J.P. Cartron, and P. Ripoch J. Biol. Chem. 1994. 269:31649-31652). Analysis of rat kidney mRNA revealed two transcripts of size 2.9 and 4.0 kb which had spatially distinct distributions. Northern analysis and in situ hybridization showed that the 4.0-kb transcript was primarily responsive to changes in the protein content of the diet whereas the 2.9-kb transcript was responsive to changes in the hydration state of the animal. These studies reveal that the expression levels of the two rUT2 transcripts are modulated by different pathways to allow fluid and nitrogen balance to be regulated independently. Our data provide important insights into the regulation of the renal urea transporter UT2 and provide a basis on which to refine our understanding of the urinary concentrating mechanism and its regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martial
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Knepper
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hediger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004231:Diuresis; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008954:Models, Biological; D008961:Models, Structural; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D000096982:Urea Transporters
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014508:Urea; D000096982:Urea Transporters