title: Dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense as the source of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) contained in bivalves from Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.
abstract: In April 1993, a phytoplankton dinoflagellate was isolated from Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, and unambiguously identified as Alexandrium tamarense on the basis of the morphological characteristics. The dinoflagellates, cultures in modified SW-2 medium at 15 degrees C for 15 days, showed a specific toxicity of 30.7 x 10-6 MU/cell. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the toxin was composed mainly of gonyautoxin-4 (GTX4) and protogonyautoxin-2 (PX2 or GTX8)(27.6 and 37.0 mole%, respectively). Total toxin concentration of this strain was 39.5 fmole/cell. Short-necked clams, mussels, and oysters contaminated by the dinoflagellate showed a more complicated composition, with GTX1 as the major component (61.8 mole% for short-necked clams, 60.5 mole% for mussels, 42.5 mole% for oysters), and PX2 was only present in trace amounts.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012758:Shellfish / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins