Necrosectomy and postoperative local lavage in necrotizing pancreatitis.
The severity of acute pancreatitis is correlated to the amount of necroses--pancreatic parenchymal necroses and fatty tissue necroses in the retroperitoneal spaces--the liberation of vasoactive and toxic substances and the bacterial contamination of necroses. The necrotizing pancreatits occurs in around 15 to 25% of all patients with acute pancreatitis; a local infection has been observed in around 40% of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Surgical treatment in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis is indicated, if they develop a surgically acute abdomen, a sepsis syndrome or a multisystem's organ failure syndrome despite ICU-treatment over at least 3 days. Bacterial contamination, proved by an ultrasound guided FNP of the necrosis is a strong indicator for surgical management. Careful necrosectomy and a continuous local lavage of the lesser sac and the necrotic cavities are most effective. Conservation of vital pancreatic tissue is a major goal of surgical treatment. The continuous local postoperative closed lavage results in a continuous evacuation of vasoactive and toxic substances, bacteria, local active enzymes and debrid tissue. Among patients with sterile pancreatic necroses only those with major necroses of more than 50% of the pancreas are candidates for surgical treatment. Hospital mortality after necrosectomy and local lavage figures in major leading series between 8 and 20%. Failure of surgical treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis is mostly due to continuing local and systemic sepsis.
Beger
H G
HG
University of Ulm, Department of General Surgery, Germany.
Rau
B
B
D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009336:Necrosis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013997:Time Factors