title: Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of ultrasonic debridement comparing sodium hypochlorite and Bardac-22.
abstract: This study compared in vitro the debridement ability of a 3% sodium hypochlorite with a new quaternary ammonium derivative, a 0.5% Bardac-22 solution, in the apical third of freshly extracted teeth with straight root canals. Root canals were instrumented sequentially from size 10 to size 35 using alternatively hand and ultrasonic files. When the hand file was loose in the canal, the ultrasonic instrument of the same size was operated at working length for 30 s, delivering 15 ml of the selected solution. Both solutions were able to flush out pulpal debris from the canal space. At the apical end of the preparation, sodium hypochlorite left a thicker smear layer than Bardac-22 did. The quaternary ammonium derivative easily dissolved the inorganic portion of the smear layer, but did not dissolve proteins as well as sodium hypochlorite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty of Nancy, France.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Panighi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacquot
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy
chemical_list: D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C027118:didecyldimethylammonium