title: Differential expression of two vesicular monoamine transporters.
abstract: Specific transport proteins package classical neurotransmitters into vesicles so that their release can be regulated by neural activity. Previous studies have suggested that a single activity mediates the vesicular transport of monoamines in the adrenal gland, brain, and other tissues such as mast cells and platelets. However, molecular cloning has recently identified two vesicular transporters for monoamines. Although the predicted proteins are closely related in sequence, they show a range of differences in their physiologic and pharmacologic properties. To clarify further the biological significance of the observed functional differences, we have generated anti-peptide antibodies to the C-termini of the two transporters and used them to determine the distribution and localization of the proteins in the rat. We have detected expression of vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) in adrenal chromaffin cells but not in neural cells. Interestingly, some adrenal chromaffin cells also express VMAT2 but the amount of VMAT2 relative to VMAT1 appears much lower than in the bovine adrenal gland. In contrast, sympathetic ganglion cells express only VMAT2, as do enteric neurons and enterochromaffin-like cells of the stomach. Thus, although adrenal chromaffin cells, sympathetic and enteric neurons derive from the neural crest, they express different vesicular amine transporters. In the CNS, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, 5-HT, and histamine cell groups all express VMAT2. These findings are consistent with the functional characteristics of VMAT1 and VMAT2 and help to explain several classic pharmacological observations. VMAT2-immunoreactivity is generally stronger in cell bodies, proximal dendrites and axonal processes, indicating the potential for monoamine storage at each of these sites. Surprisingly, dopaminergic interneurons in the olfactory bulb show no detectable immunoreactivity for either VMAT1 or VMAT2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine 90024, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sternini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Giorgio
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brecha
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004064:Digestive System / Q000294:innervation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009420:Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D050492:Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; C493451:Slc18a1 protein, rat; C493454:Slc18a2 protein, rat; D050492:Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins