title: Polymerization efficiency of chemically cured and visible light-cured orthodontic adhesives: degree of cure.
abstract: The use of light-cured orthodontic adhesives in combination with the new generation of ceramic brackets has become popular from an esthetic standpoint. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the degree of cure (DC) of selected light-cured and chemically cured adhesives bonded to ceramic and stainless steel brackets. The optical properties of eight types of brackets (single-crystal alumina, polycrystalline alumina, polycrystalline allumina with polycarbonate base, and stainless steel) were evaluated by diffuse visible light transmittance spectroscopic analysis. The degree of cure (DC) of a visible light-cured orthodontic adhesive bonded to these brackets under direct (20 seconds through the bracket) and indirect (2 x 10 seconds from the incisal and cervical edges of the bracket) irradiation was measured by micro-MIR FTIR spectroscopy. Brackets bonded to a chemically cured, two-paste orthodontic adhesive were used as a control group. According to the results the single-crystal alumina brackets showed the highest diffuse transmittance values at 468 nm followed by polycrystalline alumina and polycarbonate-base alumina types. Direct irradiation resulted in low DC values that were strongly correlated to the diffuse transmittance measurements at 468 nm (r = 0.73, p < 0.05). Indirect irradiation manifested significantly higher DC values than direct irradiation in the stainless steel bracket group, which yielded values comparable to those found in some indirectly irradiated polycrystalline bracket groups.
authors.affiliation: Section of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eliades
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eliades
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Brantley
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D003460:Crystallization; D001840:Dental Bonding; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000269:Adhesives; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D011108:Polymers; D013193:Stainless Steel; C065742:Transbond; C005506:polycarbonate; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D000537:Aluminum Oxide