title: Increased intracerebral cerebrospinal fluid spaces predict unemployment and negative symptoms in psychotic illness. A prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that the dimensions of cerebral ventricles are a risk factor for poor outcome in psychotic illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 140 patients with functional psychoses of recent onset who had undergone CT scanning, were followed up for an average of 46 months and assessed on six dimensions of course and outcome of illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left and right sylvian fissure volumes and, to a lesser extent, third ventricular volume predicted negative symptoms and unemployment over the course of follow-up, the latter association being mediated by poor cognitive functioning. There was significant linear trend in risk over the distribution of sylvian fissure volumes in the cohort, and associations were especially evident in schizophrenic patients. No associations were found with global severity of illness, duration of hospital stay, homelessness, or affective symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the notion that dimensions of the cerebral ventricles are a continuous risk factor for some measures of outcome in the functional psychoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Fahy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000523:psychology; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology*