title: Na+, K(+)-ATPase, glutathione, and hydroxyl free radicals in cadmium chloride-induced testicular toxicity in mice.
abstract: Cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced biochemical changes were characterized in male, CD-1 mouse testes. CdCl2 inhibited the testes microsomal Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory range was 30-50 microns and the concentration for half maximal inhibition (IC50 value) was 90 microns over 5 min preincubation. CdCl2 (2mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 2 days significantly inhibited testes Na+,K(+)-ATPase (near 90% inhibition). The content of testicular GSH and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH)/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) decreased in CdCl2-treated groups. Using salicylate as a trapping agent and high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCED), we measured the OH production in vivo. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) as indices of hydroxyl free radical formation significantly increased after 5 days CdCl2 exposure. Pretreatment with vitamin E (20 mg/kg, s.i.d., i.m., 7d) protected CdCl2-induced increase in OH. generation in testes. From this study, it was demonstrated that CdCl2 induced testicular toxicity could possibly be mediated by a significant increase in hydroxyl free radical formation and a reduction in GSH content and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity. Vitamin E seems to prevent the CdCl2 induced increase in hydroxyl free radical generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sangiah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D002712:Chlorides; D002104:Cadmium; D014810:Vitamin E; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D005978:Glutathione; D019256:Cadmium Chloride