title: Cloning a balanced translocation associated with DiGeorge syndrome and identification of a disrupted candidate gene.
abstract: DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), a developmental defect, is characterized by cardiac defects and aplasia or hypoplasia of the thymus and parathyroid glands. DGS has been associated with visible chromosomal abnormalities and microdeletions of 22q11, but only one balanced translocation--ADU/VDU t(2;22)(q14;q11.21). We now report the cloning of this translocation, the identification of a gene disrupted by the rearrangement and the analysis of other transcripts in its vicinity. Transcripts were identified by direct screening of cDNA libraries, exon amplification, cDNA selection and genomic sequence analysis using GRAIL. Disruption of a gene in 22q11.2 by the breakpoint and haploinsufficiency of this locus in deleted DGS patients make it a strong candidate for the major features associated with this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Budarf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sellinger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Emanuel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011944:Receptors, Androgen