title: Total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in surgical neonates may be reversed by intravenous cholecystokinin: a preliminary report.
abstract: Neonatal infants who require total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after major operations are susceptible to total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (TPNAC). A therapeutic dilemma ensues if cholestasis does not resolve after the institution of full enteral nutrition. The authors report the reversal of TPN-associated cholestasis by intravenous cholecystokinin in eight infants who had undergone major surgery during the neonatal period. The indications for surgery were necrotizing enterocolitis in three patients, midgut volvulus in one, gastroschisis in one, diaphragmatic hernia in one, necrosis of the stomach in one, and cardiac anomaly in one. Four of the infants were premature. Median duration of TPN was 25 days (range, 20 to 150 days). Seven patients were weaned from TPN before treatment with cholecystokinin was instituted Mean duration of pretreatment full enteral nutrition in these seven patients was 35 days (range, 20 to 55 days). One girl with short gut syndrome tolerated only 10% of her caloric needs via the enteral route. All patients had alcoholic stools, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, no excretion of Technetium-labeled HIDA to the biliary tree or duodenum (six patients), and significantly elevated liver enzyme values. In three patients, echography showed biliary sludge or stones in the gall bladder. Porcine cholecystokinin (2 IDU/kg) was administered intravenously for 3 to 5 days. If the stool color did not normalize, cholecystokinin injections were repeated using a larger dose (4 IDU/kg). In seven patients, including the girl with short gut syndrome, the clinical jaundice and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia completely resolved within 1 to six weeks. No biliary sludge or stones were seen in the posttreatment echography in any of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rintala
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pohjavuori
mesh_terms: D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002766:Cholecystokinin