title: Effects of one-year cadmium exposure on livers and kidneys and their relation to glutathione levels.
abstract: To study the effects of a long-term cadmium exposure on livers and kidneys, rats were administered cadmium chloride (0.228 mg Cd/kg, 3 days/week ip), for one year. Significant accumulation of cadmium was observed in livers (183 +/- 40 micrograms/g liver) and kidneys (92 +/- 17 micrograms/g kidney). Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were significantly elevated in the cadmium-treated rats, while liver function tests were minimally affected. Histological observations showed interstitial fibrosis with minimal cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in livers, and apparent degeneration of proximal tubules and infiltration of inflammatory cells in parenchyma of kidneys. Lipid peroxidation in livers and kidneys, as assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, revealed no differences between the cadmium-treated rats and the controls. Glutathione contents were significantly increased in the cadmium treated rats both in livers (p < 0.001), and in kidneys (p < 0.001) compared with the controls. Increased glutathione levels in livers may contribute, in part, to the prevention of serious hepatotoxicity during chronic cadmium exposure, while nephrotoxicity due to cadmium may not be prevented by glutathione.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marumo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D005978:Glutathione