title: Thrombin is a regulator of astrocytic endothelin-1.
abstract: Endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor of cerebral vessels, is produced by rat primary astrocytes and is subject to autostimulatory regulation in these cells. In this study we examined the effect of thrombin on astrocytic endothelins and report that endothelin-1 is released into the culture fluid in response to thrombin treatment. However, increased production of endothelin-1 is not accompanied by a concomitant increase in steady-state levels of endothelin-1 mRNA as assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, even though thrombin stimulation leads to increased inositolphospholipid turnover and activation of the nuclear factor AP1. Thus, astrocytic production of endothelin-1 may be mainly post-transcriptionally regulated in response to thrombin stimulation. In addition, two endothelin receptor genes (ET(A) and ETB) were found to be transcribed simultaneously in primary astrocyte cultures, and both thrombin and endothelin-1 stimulation result in a distinct temporary decrease in ET(A) mRNA. These studies suggest a role for thrombin in the regulation of brain perfusion through astrocytic endothelin-1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ehrenreich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Clouse
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pluta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Coligan
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Burd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D016232:Endothelins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D013917:Thrombin