title: C-myc oncogene expression in anal squamous neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pattern of c-myc oncogene expression in anal squamous neoplasia and to determine if this could be used as a marker of disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence and localisation of the c-myc gene product p62 in archival specimens of anal squamous epithelium, normal and neoplastic, was examined using immunohistochemical staining with the monoclonal antibody Myc1-6E10. Ten normal and epithelia, 10 anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) III, and 31 anal squamous cancers were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a noticeable difference between the staining characteristics of invasive tumours, normal anal epithelium, and AIN III. Intense, diffuse, mixed nuclear and cytoplasmic (n = 14) and exclusively nuclear (n = 8) staining in 22 of 31 (71%) of invasive anal tumours was observed. All positively staining tumours were well differentiated histologically, while the negatively staining nine of 31 (29%) were poorly differentiated (n = 7) and moderately well differentiated (n = 2). In six positively staining tumour sections adjacent areas of AIN III and non-dysplastic anal epithelium had staining characteristics similar to those of the invasive component. Staining in both normal anal epithelium (4/10) and AIN III specimens obtained from patients without a history of invasive disease (8/10) was less intense, focal in distribution, and exclusively nuclear. No difference in staining characteristics could be detected in these two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that c-myc oncogene expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of anal squamous neoplasia, and that immunohistochemical staining for c-myc protein may be helpful in identifying those AIN III lesions most likely to progress to invasive tumours.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ogunbiyi
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Scholefield
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Polacarz
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000737:chemistry; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D016259:Genes, myc / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000032:analysis; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc