title: Human plasma enhances the infectivity of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocyte-derived macrophages.
abstract: Physiological microenvironments such as blood, seminal plasma, mucosal secretions, or lymphatic fluids may influence the biology of the virus-host cell and immune interactions for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Relative to media, physiological levels of human plasma were found to enhance the infectivity of HIV-1 primary isolates in both phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. Enhancement was observed only when plasma was present during the virus-cell incubation and resulted in a 3- to 30-fold increase in virus titers in all of the four primary isolates tested. Both infectivity and virion binding experiments demonstrated a slow, time-dependent process generally requiring between 1 and 10 h. Human plasma collected in anticoagulants CPDA-1 and heparin, but not EDTA, exhibited this effect at concentrations from 90 to 40%. Furthermore, heat-inactivated plasma resulted in a loss of enhancement in peripheral blood mononuclear cells but not in monocyte-derived macrophages. Physiological concentrations of human plasma appear to recruit additional infectivity, thus increasing the infectious potential of the virus inoculum.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Spouge
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Conley
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Merges
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Nara
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood / Q000821:virology; D002460:Cell Line; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000032:analysis; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000821:virology; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes; D013997:Time Factors; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016655:HIV Core Protein p24