title: Cytotoxic chemotherapy for advanced hormone-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate after hormonal manipulation has been noted to be a relatively chemotherapeutic nonresponsive tumor. Earlier reviews have reported objective responses, that is, complete and partial remissions in 6.5% of 3184 patients, and the current review examines the efficacy of new agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current review consists of 26 new drug trials culled from papers and abstracts published between 1987-1991.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of these 26 drug trials found a similar trend, 8.7% (95% confidence interval, 6.4-9.0%), indicating that hormone-resistant adenocarcinoma of the prostate still fails to respond to most cytotoxic agents. The most interesting of the new therapeutic agents is the combination of vinblastine plus estramustine. Only six agents had an objective response rate greater than 10%, such as vinblastine by continuous infusion, trimetrexate, mitoguazone, and estramustine. The recent introduction of radioactive-labeled monoclonal antibodies is intriguing and these will undoubtably be used as carriers for radiotherapeutic and cytotoxic compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although multidrug resistance may explain the marginal efficacy of cytotoxic drugs, methods to overcome such resistance and, more importantly, new classes of agents must be developed. In addition, reliable disease markers must be found for osseous and visceral metastases to avoid the prevailing confusion in evaluating more precisely the destruction of prostate cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY 10032-3789.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagoda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrylak
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003374:Coumarins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007364:Intercalating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011073:Polyamines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012074:Remission Induction; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003374:Coumarins; D007364:Intercalating Agents; D011073:Polyamines; D013004:Somatostatin; D004317:Doxorubicin; C030123:coumarin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate