title: A critical appraisal of the methods of measuring leak-point pressures in women with stress incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether leak-point pressures can be measured using an intravaginal catheter, and to assess whether leak-point pressures are affected by the provocation method, bladder volume, and the presence of a transurethral-intravesicle catheter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty women with genuine stress incontinence had leak-point pressure studies performed, using both cough and Valsalva maneuvers at specific bladder volumes. Intravaginal pressure measurements were compared with intravesicle pressure measurements. The effect of an 8-Fr transurethral-intravesicle catheter on leak-point pressures was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leak-point pressures were demonstrated in all 30 patients by cough and/or Valsalva maneuver. There was no significant difference between intravesicle and intravaginal pressure measurements. Subjects who demonstrated leak-point pressures by both cough and Valsalva maneuver had significantly higher cough leak-point pressures at all bladder capacities. Seventeen women with measurable Valsalva leak-point pressures at 150 mL bladder capacity had significantly lower pressures at 300 mL, and 15 women had significantly lower leak-point pressures at 400 mL or more. Valsalva maneuver and cough leak-point pressures decreased significantly when the 8-Fr transurethral-intravesicle catheter was removed and the pressures were measured using only an intravaginal catheter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder volume, provocation method, and the presence of a transurethral-intravesicle catheter affect leak-point pressure measurements. Further standardization of leak-point pressure measurement technique is necessary before determining the clinical applicability of these tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Good Samaritan Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Miklos
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Sze
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Karram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015982:Bias; D003371:Cough / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014621:Vagina / Q000503:physiopathology; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver / Q000502:physiology