title: Congenital absence of incus--a rare abnormality.
abstract: A case is described of a nine-year-old girl with a bilateral and symmetrical congenital absence of incus. This very rare abnormality has been described only once previously in the literature. Although the pathology may be rare, treatment is straightforward and prognosis good. A discussion of middle ear embryology and a review of the literature is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007188:Incus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery