title: The Emotional Eating Scale: the development of a measure to assess coping with negative affect by eating.
abstract: The development of the Emotional Eating Scale (EES) is described. The factor solution replicated the scale's construction, revealing Anger/Frustration, Anxiety, and Depression subscales. All three subscales correlated highly with measures of binge eating, providing evidence of construct validity. None of the EES subscales correlated significantly with general measures of psychopathology. With few exceptions, changes in EES subscales correlated with treatment-related changes in binge eating. In support of the measure's discriminant efficiency, when compared with obese binge eaters, subscale scores of a sample of anxiety-disordered patients were significantly lower. Lack of correlation between a measure of cognitive restraint and EES subscales suggests that emotional eating may precipitate binge episodes among the obese independent of the level of restraint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5542, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arnow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kenardy
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Agras
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000523:psychology*; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000523:psychology; D004435:Eating; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015431:Weight Loss