title: Relationship between surface area for adhesion and tensile bond strength--evaluation of a micro-tensile bond test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the bonded surface area of dentin and the tensile strength of adhesive materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  The enamel was removed from the occlusal surface of extracted human third molars, and the entire flat surface was covered with resin composite bonded to the dentin to form a flat resin composite crown. Twenty-four hours later, the bonded specimens were sectioned parallel to the long axis of the tooth into 10-20 thin sections whose upper part was composed of resin composite with the lower half being dentin. These small sections were trimmed using a high speed diamond bur into an hourglass shape with the narrowest portion at the bonded interface. Surface area was varied by altering the specimen thickness and width. Tensile bond strength was measured using custom-made grips in a universal testing machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tensile bond strength was inversely related to bonded surface area. At surface areas below 0.4 mm2, the tensile bond strengths were about 55 MPa for Clearfil Liner Bond 2 (Kuraray Co., Ltd.), 38 MPa for Scotchbond MP (3M Dental Products), and 20 MPa for Vitremer (3M Dental Products). At these small surface areas all of the bond failures were adhesive in nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new method permits measurement of high bond strengths without cohesive failure of dentin. It also permits multiple measurements to be made within a single tooth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shono
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takatsu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ciucchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pashley
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D008689:Methacrylates; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009811:Odontometry; D019279:Resin Cements; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: C084544:Clearfil Linerbond System; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C084550:Vitremer