title: Determination of urinary trans,trans-muconic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A sensitive and specific method for the determination of trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in urine is described. After clean-up on an anion-exchange cartridge, t,t-MA was derivatized with BF3-methanol to the dimethyl ester and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with 2-bromohexanoic acid as an internal standard. The limit of detection was 0.01 mg/l, the coefficient of variation for duplicate analysis in a series of urine samples (n = 50) was 2.6% and the recovery rate ranged from 93.3 to 106.3%. The between-day and within-day precision for the analysis were 7.4 and 14.6%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of t,t-MA in urine samples from smokers and non-smokers. The mean concentration of t,t-MA in urine of 10 smokers was 0.09 +/- 0.04 mg/g creatinine and was significantly (p = 0.012) higher than that found in urine of 10 non-smokers (0.05 +/- 0.02 mg/g creatinine). In contrast to the results obtained with the commonly used high-performance liquid chromatographic ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) methods, no interference between t,t-MA and other urinary compounds was found. This GC-MS method is both specific and sensitive for biomonitoring of low environmental benzene exposure.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruppert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Tricker
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rauscher
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adlkofer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012907:Smoking / Q000652:urine; D013011:Sorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C005939:muconic acid; D013011:Sorbic Acid