title: Fulminant disseminated toxoplasmosis in an HIV patient.
abstract: Disseminated toxoplasmosis in AIDS is a rare condition. We present an unusual case of a fulminant form of disseminated toxoplasmosis in a young male homosexual. He was a 30-year-old HIV-positive (diagnosed 4 months earlier), admitted with a 5-day history of diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and cough. He had been generally healthy except for an 8-week history of weight loss and malaise. On admission, except for a temperature of 37.6 degrees C, the physical examination was normal. He was treated symptomatically. Four days after admission he suddenly became short of breath. Despite intensive management, he continued to deteriorate and expired 6 h later. Postmortem examination revealed disseminated toxoplasmosis involving the heart, lungs, brain, stomach, small intestine, and colon. This is an unusual presentation of disseminated toxoplasmosis because of its rapid course with no prior indication of infection. To our knowledge, such an atypical and rapid downhill course of toxoplasmosis (with minimal clinical and laboratory features) has not been reported previously. Increased awareness of this infection in all HIV patients and its possibly rapid course is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine Education, Hurley Medical Center/Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: al-Kassab
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Habte-Gabr
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Azher
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications; D006321:Heart / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000473:pathology