title: A technique for the venous cannulation of the mammary gland in the lactating sow.
abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a technique to cannulate the mammary venous system of the lactating sow in conjunction with the carotid artery. A total of 16 sows were subjected to surgery between d 3 and 6 of lactation. The dams were separated from their litter during the full surgical procedure and the post-surgical recovery period. The carotid artery was cannulated according to a previously described method. The mammary vein cannulation immediately followed the carotid artery cannulation. A small venous branch (approximately 4 mm in diameter) located on the lateral side of the thoracic region was used to obtain access to the mammary vein. It was isolated 4 to 5 cm above the plica lateralis, between the first and second anterior gland. The venous branch was exposed and a cannula inserted slowly for a distance of 16 cm or until the tip of the cannula would reach the most cranial point of the mammary vein. The cannula was allowed to follow the normal path of blood flow, running in a caudal to cranial direction. After recovery from surgery (1 to 2 h), the dams were returned to their respective litters and treated with antibiotics for a minimum of 6 d. All sows nursed and weaned normal litters. Cannulas were flushed with heparinized saline (20 U/mL) every 8 h and both arterial and venous blood samples (10 mL) were collected simultaneously at 0700, 1500, and 2300. Arterial and venous cannulas remained patent for a minimum of 15 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Trottier
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Easter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000098:blood supply*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D014680:Veins / Q000502:physiology