title: Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovium.
abstract: RA synovial tissue (ST) was studied to determine if and where apoptosis occurs in situ. Genomic DNA was extracted from 5 RA and 1 osteoarthritis ST samples. Agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated DNA ladders characteristic for apoptosis from each tissue. In situ and labeling (ISEL) was used to identify DNA strand breaks consistent with apoptosis in frozen sections. 12 RA and 4 osteoarthritis ST were studied by ISEL and all were positive, but only 2 of 4 normal tissues were positive. The primary location of apopotic cells was the synovial lining. Some sublining cells were also positive, but lymphoid aggregate staining was conspicuously absent. Immunohistochemistry and ISEL were combined and showed that the lining cells with DNA strand breaks were mainly macrophages, although some fibroblastlike cells were also labeled. Sublining cells with fragmented DNA included macrophages and fibroblasts, but T cells in lymphoid aggregates, which expressed large amounts of bcl-2, were spared. DNA strand breaks in cultured fibroblastlike synoviocytes was assessed using ISEL. Apoptosis could be induced by actinomycin D, anti-fas antibody, IL-1, and TNF-alpha but not by IFN-gamma. Fas expression was also detected on fibroblast-like synoviocytes using flow cytometry. Therefore, DNA strand breaks occur in synovium of patients with arthritis. Cytokines regulate this process, and the cytokine profile in RA (high IL-1/TNF; low IFN-gamma) along with local oxidant injury might favor induction of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Firestein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Zvaifler
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000473:pathology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003609:Dactinomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D004247:DNA