title: The crystal structure of murine leukemia inhibitory factor.
abstract: We have determined the structure of murine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) by X-ray crystallography at 2.0 A resolution. The current crystal structure comprises native LIF residues 9 to 180 with 40 ordered water molecules. For this model the R value (with a bulk solvent correction) is 18.6% on all data from 20.0 A to 2.0 A with stereochemistry typified by root mean square deviations from ideal bond lengths of 0.015 A. The mainchain fold conforms to the four alpha-helix bundle topology previously observed for several members of the hematopoietic cytokine family. Of these, LIF shows closest structural homology to granulocyte colony stimulating factor and growth hormone. Sequence alignments for the functionally related molecules oncostatin M and ciliary neurotrophic factor, when mapped to the LIF structure, indicate regions of conserved structural and surface character. Analysis of published mutagenesis data implicate two regions of receptor interaction which are located in the fourth helix and the preceding loop. A model for receptor binding based on the structure of the growth hormone ligand/receptor complex requires additional, novel features to account for these data.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Staunton
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D053680:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000378:metabolism; D053606:Receptors, OSM-LIF; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; C494199:IL6ST protein, human; C494200:Il6st protein, mouse; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; C507840:LIFR protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D053680:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; C507841:Lifr protein, mouse; D008222:Lymphokines; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D053606:Receptors, OSM-LIF; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130