title: Periprocedural myocardial ischemia in patients with severe symptomatic coronary artery disease undergoing endoscopy: prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for periprocedural myocardial ischemia associated with gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with severe symptomatic coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective observational study, myocardial ischemia (ST segment change > 100 microV in any 2 leads or > 200 microV in any 1 lead, lasting > 60 seconds) was assessed using a continuous 12-lead digital electrocardiographic monitor before, during, and after gastrointestinal endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between June 1992 and May 1993, 1,084 esophagogastroduodenoscopies and 588 colonoscopies were performed during 1,438 consecutive endoscopies on patients admitted to a university hospital. Seventy (18%) of 252 patients with prior angiography had significant coronary artery disease. Fifty-two (74%) were successfully enrolled, and satisfactory electrocardiographic recordings were obtained from 49 (median age 65 years, interquartile range 58 to 74). Thirty-six were men, 12 had myocardial infarctions within the 6 weeks (median 12.5 days, interquartile range 8 to 18), and 25 had unstable angina. The coronary artery disease involved 1 vessel in 14 subjects, 2 vessels in 21, and 3 vessels in 14. Nineteen episodes of ischemia (4 pre-, 6 intra-, 9 postprocedure) were detected in 8 patients (16%; 95% confidence interval, 6% to 26%) during the recording period (median duration 322 min, interquartile range 227 to 429). One patient became symptomatic with a myocardial infarction. Multivariable logistic regression showed that women experienced more periprocedural ischemia compared to men (31% versus 11%; P = 0.058).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myocardial ischemia occurs during the periprocedural period in 16% of hospitalized patients with severe coronary artery disease undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy is safe in hemodynamically stable patients with recent myocardial infarction and/or unstable angina. Women appear to be at greater risk for periprocedural ischemia associated with endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Krucoff
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Brazer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors