title: Transplantation of reproductive organs.
abstract: A historical review of the literature concerning replantation and transplantation of reproductive organs has included studies from this laboratory, using rats, over the past 25 years. From the basic observation of ischemic and traumatic injury due to the transplantation, syngeneic testicle transplants, resulting in a partner's impregnation and histological restoration of the testicles, led to human testicular transplantation. As to the ovarian transplants, granulosa-theca cell tumors may transform into malignancies if followed for a prolonged period as intrasplenic ovaries, and high doses (15 to 20 mg/kg b.w.) of azathioprine can produce such malignant tumors in a shorter period. By caval-portal shunt, ovarian hormones enter directly into the portal blood stream and no typical granulosa-theca cell tumors were produced, owing to the fact that the liver cannot degrade all the hormones secreted by both ovaries. While en-bloc vagino-utero-ovarian transplantation in the rat is possible, no impregnation has been yet achieved. Finally, it is hypothesized that those who have acquired microsurgical techniques and have a full understanding of the anatomy of the reproductive system will not only be able to perform replantation of the penis, but also will be capable of allogeneic transplantation of genital organs, whether ethically approved or not, and sooner than one may think. In such cases a penile part may be obtained at a sex-change surgery or from a cadaveric donor, similar to other vital organ transplantation practices.
authors.affiliation: San Diego Microsurgical Institute, Mercy Hospital Medical Center, CA 92103, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Silva
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gittes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006106:Granulosa Cell Tumor / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D010053:Ovary / Q000637:transplantation*; D011167:Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012092:Replantation; D013737:Testis / Q000637:transplantation*; D013798:Thecoma / Q000209:etiology; D014599:Uterus / Q000637:transplantation; D000093667:Penile Transplantation
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens