title: Contesting the natural in Japan: moral dilemmas and technologies of dying.
abstract: The paper opens with a discussion about the recognition of "whole-brain death" as the end of life in North America in order to perform solid organ transplants. This situation is contrasted with Japan, where, despite no financial or technological restrictions, brain death is not recognized, and transplants from brain-dead bodies cannot be performed. The Japanese cultural debate over the past twenty-five years about the "brain-death problem" is presented, followed by an analysis of Japanese attitudes towards technological intervention into what is taken to be the "natural" domain, together with a discussion of current Japanese attitudes towards death. This debate is interpreted as one aspect of a search for moral order in contemporary Japan, revealing ambivalence about self and other, Japan and the West, and tradition and modernity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Studies of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lock
mesh_terms: D026683:Advisory Committees; D001293:Attitude to Death; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D032921:Consensus; D003469:Culture; D018594:Human Body; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science; D009014:Morals; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D012945:Social Values; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement; D035502:Trust