title: Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in healthy horses and horses with acute synovitis.
abstract: The pharmacokinetic properties of a single intravenous dose of ketoprofen (2.2 mg/kg) in plasma and synovial fluid were compared in four healthy animals and four horses with experimentally induced acute synovitis. Synovitis was induced by the injection of a 1% solution of sterile carrageenan into the left intercarpal joint. Ketoprofen was administered at the same time as carrageenan infection. The plasma disposition followed a biexponential equation or a two-compartment model in most horses. The plasma harmonic mean half-life in healthy horses (0.88 h) was longer than in horses with synovitis (0.55 h). Synovial fluid concentrations of ketoprofen in healthy horses approximated those in plasma by 3 h post-dose. In horses with synovitis, synovial fluid concentrations approximated plasma concentrations by 1 h. Synovial fluid concentrations of ketoprofen in horses with synovitis were 6.5 times higher than those in healthy horses at 1 h. The area under the synovial fluid concentration curve for horses with synovitis was greater than in healthy horses. These data suggest that the inflamed joint serves as a site of sequestration for ketoprofen. Furthermore, these results indicate that plasma pharmacokinetics may be altered by inflammation in a peripheral compartments such as the joint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kamerling
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002351:Carrageenan; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D013585:Synovitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D002351:Carrageenan; D007660:Ketoprofen