title: Pharmacoeconomic benefit of antibiotic step-down therapy: converting patients from intravenous ceftriaxone to oral cefpodoxime proxetil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the economic benefit associated with the early conversion of therapy from intravenous ceftiaxone to the comparable oral third-generation cephalosporin, cefpodoxime proxetil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open-label, unblind, nonrandomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 360-bed Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients who began receiving intravenous ceftriaxone for either a community-acquired pneumonia or a complicated urinary tract infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  twenty patients were selected, based on clinical assessment, to be converted from intravenous ceftriaxone to oral cefpodoxime proxetil. Twenty other comparable patients who would have been appropriate for step-down therapy, did not receive pharmacy intervention and were used as a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both groups were assessed and compared for length of ceftiaxone therapy, length of oral follow-up therapy (if any), length of hospitalization, results of culture and sensitivity testing, treatment success and readmissions, and cost of respective therapeutic regimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cefpodoxime study group, the average time receiving intravenous and oral antibiotics was 9.1 days at a total cost of $3040.26 for the 20 patients. In the control group, the average time receiving intravenous and oral antibiotics was 11.9 days at a total cost of $3961.26. A savings of $46.05 per patient was achieved. Patients receiving step-down therapy averaged 1 fewer day of hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacist intervention and cefpodoxime step-down therapy were associated with decreased overall antibiotic costs in our intravenous-to-oral program.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Service, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO 80220, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hendrickson
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: North
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D015296:Ceftizoxime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003120:Colorado; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D006745:Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D000097627:Cefpodoxime Proxetil
chemical_list: D015296:Ceftizoxime; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D011355:Prodrugs; D000097627:Cefpodoxime Proxetil