title: Comparison of "look-alike" implant prosthetic retaining screws.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The maximum preload torque of implant prosthetic retaining screws from four manufacturers and of two alloy types was measured to determine one index of interchangeability of intersystem components.
  
  
  METHODS
  Implant prosthetic retaining screws from four manufacturers (3i Implant Innovations Inc, West Palm Beach, FL; Impla-Med Inc, Sunrise, FL; Nobelpharma USA Inc, Chicago, IL; and Implant Support Systems Inc, Irvine, CA) and of two metal types (gold and titanium) were investigated using an in vitro simulation model. Five screws of each type were tightened down against a gold cylinder using a Tohnichi BTG-6 torque gauge (Tohnichi American Corporation, Northbrook, IL) until fracture occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3i Implant Innovations gold and the Nobelpharma gold were not significantly different. The 3i Implant Innovations titanium and the Impla-Med gold were able to withstand less preload torque than the 3i Implant Innovations gold and the Nobelpharma gold. The Implant Support Systems titanium was able to withstand significantly more preload torque than all of the other screws.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interchanging implant prosthetic retaining screws could introduce new and unknown variables that may affect the long-term survival of implant fixtures and/or the implant prostheses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jaarda
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Razzoog
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gratton
mesh_terms: D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000592:standards*; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards*; D006047:Gold Alloys; D006801:Humans; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012015:Reference Standards; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D006047:Gold Alloys; D014025:Titanium