title: Uroradiologic evaluation of children with urinary tract infection: are both ultrasonograpy and renal cortical scintigraphy necessary?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the findings of renal ultrasonography (RUS), 99mTc glucoheptonate renal scan (GHS), and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in children with urinary tract infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, masked, clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single center, multidisciplinary, inpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive cases (N = 50) of children aged 2 months to 15 years (8 boys, 42 girls) with pyelonephritis in whom uroradiologic investigation was indicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients underwent GHS, 48 had RUS, and 2 had intravenous pyelography. All but one of the patients had a VCUG. Fifteen children were found to have vesicoureteral reflux (6 unilaterally, 9 bilaterally). Of 96 kidneys evaluated by both GHS and RUS, 53 were abnormal by GHS versus 28 by RUS (p < 0.001). Findings of both GHS and US were normal in 36 kidneys and abnormal in 21 kidneys. In 32 kidneys only GHS showed abnormalities. In 7 kidneys only RUS showed abnormalities; 5 of them had mild to moderate pelvic dilation caused by reflux, which was confirmed in all 5 by VCUG. The VCUG demonstrated reflux in another four units with normal GHS and RUS findings. All combined, GHS and VCUG detected 62 of 64 abnormal renal units (96.9%). In the other two cases, RUS showed only focal hyperechogenicity of questionable importance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the event that one elects to use GHS for the uroradiologic evaluation of children with urinary tract infection, it can be supplemented by VCUG alone, and RUS can be saved for special cases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri at Kansas City 64108, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sreenarasimhaiah
authors.forename: U S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Alon
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013400:Sugar Acids; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014567:Urography
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D013400:Sugar Acids; C100014:technetium Tc 99m gluceptate