title: Detection of cytokine producing cells in the synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a new immunohistochemical method to study the localisation and phenotype of individual cytokine producing cells in synovial biopsy specimens in rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cryopreserved sections of synovial tissue from nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis were incubated with carefully selected cytokine specific antibodies detecting 19 different cytokines, after fixation of the specimens with paraformaldehyde and using saponin to permeabilise the cell membranes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunohistochemical method yielded reproducible and distinct staining patterns, in which the cytokines accumulated mainly in the Golgi apparatus of producer cells, indicating that the method preferentially detected local synthesis rather than cytokine uptake. The cytokine production patterns varied considerably between biopsy specimens from different patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present modified immunohistochemical method may provide a simple and rapid way to determine the local production of a wide array of cytokines in the synovium. The data obtained with this method also indicated that more T cell derived cytokines than previously recognised were present in active synovitis, as located and sampled by arthroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ulfgren
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klareskog
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000032:analysis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018793:Interleukin-13; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma