title: Integral photodynamic treatment of refractory superficial bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cystectomy is indicated after unsuccessful transurethral resection and intravesical treatment of superficial bladder cancer. As an alternative, whole bladder photodynamic therapy was done.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 21 patients the bladder was irradiated with laser light at a wavelength of 630 nm. after intravenous injection of a synthetic porphyrin mixture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 21 patients 12 attained complete remission with a mean disease-free interval of 18.0 months (range 3 to 42), 3 with partial remission were rendered disease-free with transurethral resection or neodymium:YAG laser coagulation and 6 underwent cystectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with refractory superficial bladder cancer the bladder can be preserved by use of photodynamic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kriegmair
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waidelich
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lumper
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ehsan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*