title: Stability of penicillin G, ampicillin, amikacin and oxytetracycline and their interactions with food in in vitro simulated equine gastrointestinal contents.
abstract: Penicillin G was extensively (84.7 per cent) and amikacin moderately (14.4 per cent) degraded when incubated for one hour in a chloride buffer at pH 1.9 designed to mimic the equine gastric pH. Ampicillin and oxytetracycline were stable at pH 1.9. Penicillin and ampicillin were moderately stable (more than 90 per cent) when incubated in equine caecal liquor for three hours but were degraded by about 65 per cent after 24 hours. More than 80 per cent of the initial concentrations of amikacin and oxytetracycline were recovered after 24 hours' incubation in equine caecal liquor. The concentrations of short chain fatty acids in equine caecal liquor were not affected by incubation with penicillin G, ampicillin, amikacin or oxytetracycline. More than 84 per cent of penicillin G and amikacin became bound to hay in buffers at pH 1.9 and pH 7.0. Ampicillin did not become bound to hay at pH 1.9, but more than 60 per cent became bound at pH 7.0.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School.
authors.forename: Q A
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: McKellar
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Horspool
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000378:metabolism; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism*; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000378:metabolism; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000667:Ampicillin; D000583:Amikacin; D010400:Penicillin G; D010118:Oxytetracycline