title: Potential of cognitive plasticity as a diagnostic instrument: a cross-validation and extension.
abstract: Examination of the range and limits of cognitive developmental reserve capacity (plasticity) by means of cognitive training has been proffered as a promising diagnostic strategy for the early identification of Alzheimer's disease. Previous findings of differential gains after cognitive training for healthy older persons and older persons at risk for dementia were supported, rendering cognitive plasticity a criterion by which the overlap in performance distributions between healthy older persons and older persons at risk can be reduced. Stepwise hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that posttraining scores, which represented developmental reserve capacity, explained significantly more variance in mental health status than pretest or baseline performance. Older persons at risk profited significantly less from training in 2 components of fluid intelligence, figural relations, and inductive reasoning. The authors discuss the possibilities of turning this testing-the-limits procedure into an instrument for screening purposes in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Baltes
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kühl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gutzmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sowarka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001288:Attention; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011340:Problem Solving