title: Tobacco withdrawal and nicotine replacement influence objective measures of sleep.
abstract: Research has not adequately characterized the impact of tobacco withdrawal on objectively assessed sleep parameters despite the recent inclusion of insomnia as a nicotine withdrawal sign in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Moreover, whether 24-hr nicotine replacement aids or interferes with sleep during withdrawal is unknown. In a double-masked, randomized clinical trial, 34 cigarette smokers who were motivated to quit received either active nicotine patches or placebo patches while quitting. Sleep was polysomnographically monitored for 2 precessation nights and 3 postcessation nights. The study demonstrates that among dependent smokers (a) tobacco withdrawal increases objectively assessed sleep disturbance (sleep fragmentation) and (b) nicotine replacement results in postcessation improvements in important polysomnographic measures of sleep quality (sleep fragmentation, Stage 3 and Stage 4 sleep).
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wetter
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014851:Wakefulness