title: Non-T1-weighted 31P chemical shift imaging of the human liver.
abstract: A 31P chemical shift imaging (CSI) protocol was developed for human liver studies. It is shown that at the commonly used repetition time (TR) of 1 s T1-weighting reduces the integrated intensities of liver phosphate metabolite signals by 18 +/- 15% (inorganic phosphate, Pi) to 46 +/- 10% (phosphodiester, PDE), that is for an RF pulse angle of 60 degrees (weighted average) in liver. The loss in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) at TR = 20 s, sufficient to eliminate spectral distortions caused by saturation, compared with TR = 1 s (47-65%) can be overcome by using one-dimensional (1D)-phase encoding with a small number of phase-encode steps. The liver spectra obtained by 1D-CSI with 4-step phase-encoding (spatial resolution 10 cm) have the highest S/N and, after multiplication of the PDE signal by a factor of 1.4, closely reflect the liver metabolite levels. It is concluded that clinical 31P MR studies of liver function can be performed without T1-weighting and that the current practice to compromise the MRS quantification of lever metabolites with uncertainties caused by (differential changes in) T1-weighting is not warranted.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Dept of Radiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sijens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Dijk
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Dagnelie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oudkerk
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods