title: Effect of perinatal hypothyroidism on the developmental regulation of rat pituitary growth hormone and thyrotropin genes.
abstract: We studied the effects of thyroid hormone (T3) on GH, TSH, and T3 receptor (TR) gene expression as well as deiodinase activities during rat pituitary development. By reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, GH and TSH beta transcripts were detectable on fetal day 15. Although with certain differences, the expression of both GH and TSH beta genes was under T3 control during fetal and neonatal life. Differences in plasma, but not pituitary, TSH concentrations were observed between control and hypothyroid animals throughout the period studied. Both TR alpha and TR beta genes were expressed in the fetal pituitary. TR alpha 1, TR beta 2, and c-erbA alpha 2 transcripts displayed a developmental profile different from that of TR beta 1. Thyroid hormone repressed TR alpha 1, TR beta 2, and c-erbA alpha 2 and stimulated TR beta 1. Type I and type II deiodinase activities (5'DI and 5'DII, respectively) had different ontogenic patterns; 5'D-II was the predominant activity in fetuses, with levels similar to those in adults, whereas the level of 5'D-I was low and increased with age. T3 stimulated 5'D-I and decreases 5'D-II. These results demonstrate that in somatotroph and thyrotroph cells, the mechanisms responsible for T3 action are mature and active very early in development and suggest an involvement of this hormone in the establishment and/or maintenance of the somatotroph and thyrotroph phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-García
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jolín
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Castillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000378:metabolism*; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000235:genetics*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase