title: Distal rectoanal excitatory reflex: a reliable index of pudendal neuropathy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Denervation of the extrinsic anal sphincter and pudendal neuropathy are confirmed by electrophysiologic or electromyographic testing, techniques that may not be available universally and require special equipment and training. A simple manometric test that is easy to perform and complements existing studies was performed to confirm pudendal neuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with excessive defecatory straining and 30 patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence were studied by electrophysiology and balloon reflex manometry. Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) and rectoanal excitatory reflex were evaluated for abnormalities. Results were compared with 20 controls who had no anorectal complaints and who had similar testing performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In controls, PNTML was normal in all but one person. Rectoanal excitatory reflex could be elicited in all controls with either 20 or 40 ml of air. Four different types of balloon reflex responses were observed in patient groups: diminutive excitation, delayed excitation, excitation at high volume of distention only, and absent excitation. Ten patients with fecal incontinence had normal PNTML but abnormal distal excitatory reflex, 5 patients had abnormal PNTML but normal distal excitatory reflex, and 15 patients had both PNTML and excitatory reflex that were abnormal. In patients with excessive defecatory straining, results of both tests were abnormal in six patients, and eight patients had abnormal excitatory reflex but normal PNTML.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pudendal neuropathy may result in abnormalities of excitatory reflex morphology or other characteristics. Abnormal distal excitatory reflex may complement electrophysiologic findings or may serve as a suitable alternative to confirm pudendal neuropathy in centers where facilities for formal testing are not available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts 01805, USA.
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Sangwan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Coller
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schoetz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D003248:Constipation / Q000503:physiopathology; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D012007:Rectum / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012018:Reflex