title: Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in boar semen by PCR.
abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes a devastating disease in swine. The presence and transmission of PRRSV by boar semen has been demonstrated by using a swine bioassay. In this assay, 4- to 8-week-old pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with semen from PRRSV-infected boars. Seroconversion of these piglets indicated the presence of PRRSV in semen. Seroconversion in gilts has also been demonstrated following artificial insemination with semen from PRRSV-infected boars. These methods of detecting PRRSV in boar semen are time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable and sensitive PCR assay to directly detect PRRSV in boar semen. Primers from open reading frames 1b and 7 of the PRRSV genome were used in nested PCRs. Virus was detected at concentrations as low as 10 infectious virions per ml in PRRSV-spiked semen. Specificity was confirmed by using a nested PCR and a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe. The primers did not react with related arteriviruses or other swine viruses. The PCR assay showed good correlation with the swine bioassay, and both methods were superior to virus isolation. To consistently identify PRRSV in boar semen, the cell fraction was separated by centrifugation at 600 x g for 20 min, a lysis buffer without a reducing agent (2-mercaptoethanol) was used, and nondiluted and 1:20-diluted cell fractions were evaluated by PCR. PRRSV was not reliably detected in the seminal plasma fraction of boar semen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christopher-Hennings
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yaeger
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018018:Arterivirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001681:Biological Assay; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology*; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012367:RNA, Viral