title: Prognostic value of lymph node metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for large-sized operable carcinoma of the breast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery or radiation therapy, or both, has become the treatment of choice for patients with large-sized resectable carcinoma of the breast in whom mastectomy is the conventional option. Since tumor regression before surgery is considered a favorable prognostic factor, there is still controversy regarding the need to perform an axillary dissection after a good response to systemic induction treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 1990 and December 1993, we conducted a prospective study of 56 consecutive patients receiving high-dose anthracycline-based preoperative chemotherapy for large but potentially resectable carcinoma of the breast. Patients who had a good clinical response to induction systemic treatment received the same chemotherapy in the adjuvant phase, while those whose response was less than optimal received alternative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. A multivariate analysis was made to evaluate the relative influence on disease-free survival rates of 11 clinicopathologic and treatment-related variables, including clinical response to primary chemotherapy, primary pathological (p-T) staging, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median follow-up period of 36 months, only the number of metastatic lymph nodes was found to be an independent predictor of relapse. Clinical response to systemic induction treatment and p-T staging did not correlate with prognosis. In the group of patients with axillary lymph node involvement, those who did not respond to preoperative chemotherapy showed a lower relapse rate compared with those who achieved an objective response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that axillary lymphadenectomy should be considered an important component of the combined modality therapy for patients with large-sized resectable carcinoma of the breast in order to identify subgroups of patients that may benefit from alternative treatments in the adjuvant setting.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgical Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Botti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vici
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Scinto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cognetti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin