title: Long-term oral or intravenous aluminum administration in rabbits. I. Renal and hepatic changes.
abstract: Long-term aluminum (Al) administration was studied in rabbits using intravenous (I.V.) injections of aluminum maltol or oral aluminum citrate in drinking water along with calcium. In the intravenous study, renal and liver tissue Al levels increased and were associated with proximal renal tubular pathology and with hepatic periportal Al-positive multinucleated cells. After oral Al, renal Al levels were increased in the Al-hard water group, while hepatic Al levels were not significantly increased over controls. However, cirrhosis was found in five orally-loaded animals which received Al and/or low dietary calcium or soft water. Collectively, these findings suggest that renal accumulation of Al is causally related to nephrotoxicity; that the lack of renal changes after oral loading is due to low absorption from normal adult gastrointestinal tract and normal functioning of mature kidneys; and that the elevated liver Al levels, achieved after I.V. administration, are related to the presence of hepatic Al-containing giant cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sturgill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savory
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Herman
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000535:Aluminum / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019343:Citric Acid; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009336:Necrosis; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011753:Pyrones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011753:Pyrones; C067527:aluminum maltolate; D019343:Citric Acid; D000535:Aluminum; D002118:Calcium