title: Child physical abuse and aggression: preliminary findings on the role of internalizing problems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the prediction that the interaction of physical abuse and internalizing problems will heighten levels of aggressive behavior in a group of disruptive children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two clinic-referred disruptive children (aged 7 through 15 years) were assessed in terms of history of physical abuse, internalizing behavior problems (rated by parents), and aggressive behavior (rated by parents, teachers, and clinic staff).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physically abused children with co-occurring high levels of internalizing problems (based on a median split) exhibited significantly higher levels of aggression as rated by parents (p < .000) and teachers (p < .020) and a trend toward heightened aggression as rated by staff (p < .08). The patterns were similar across the three independent informants and remained regardless of age, gender, or race.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical abuse was related to heightened levels of aggression only in those children who also had emotional difficulties. Results lend some support to a transactional model of the development of aggression, suggesting that problems arise out of interactions between child factors (such as internalizing problems) and adverse family experiences (such as physical abuse).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney 99004-2431, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Scerbo
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kolko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011582:Psychological Theory