title: Effects of surface treatment on the free surface energy of dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of six treatments on the dispersive, acid, and base components of the free surface energy of dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occlusal dentin surfaces were polished with 4000 grit abrasive paper, washed and air dried. Characteristics of the surface energy were calculated by measuring contact angles of the four following liquids:alpha-bromonaphtalene, glycerol, ethylene glycol, and water. The dentin was then treated with aqueous solutions containing: (1) oxalic acid and glycine (OX/GLY),(2) oxalic acid, glycine, and HEMA (OX/GLY/HEMA), (3) phosphoric acid (PA), (4) maleic acid (MA),(5) EDTA, or (6) NaCIO. After treatment, washing and air drying, the energy characteristics of the samples were evaluated again.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three kinds of wetting behavior were observed: an increase (OX/GLY/HEMA), a stabilization (PA, NaCIO) or a decrease (OX/GLY, MA, EDTA) of the wettability of the dentin surface. The calculations demonstrated that dentin surfaces are basic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study of the evolution of the surface energy components gave information on adhesion mechanisms involving hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. The results may be helpful in the formulation of conditioners and primers.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche Biomatériaux, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris V, Montrouge, France.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Attal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asmussen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Degrange
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008298:Maleates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010070:Oxalates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013500:Surface Tension; D013816:Thermodynamics; D017155:Wettability / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008298:Maleates; D008689:Methacrylates; D010070:Oxalates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; C030272:maleic acid; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C030242:phosphoric acid; D005998:Glycine