title: Transformational obstacles in special education.
abstract: Practitioners in the field of special education who embrace an alternative paradigm for understanding and educating students with learning problems often face the challenge of "job role dissonance" in the daily execution of their responsibilities. Such dissonance arises when their attempt to shift paradigms or simply restructure current practice is impeded by institutional obstacles. From an experiential perspective, the authors examine these obstacles and how they have affected the reframing of the field of learning disabilities. Specifically, they identify legal mandates, the systemic nature of schools, parents' belief systems, and time limitations of staff as impediments to a more healthy and viable service delivery to children. Finally, dissonance is proffered as a normal component of a true restructuring movement.
authors.affiliation: California State University, Department of Advanced Studies, Educational Counseling, San Bernardino 92407, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wiest
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kreil
mesh_terms: D004519:Education, Special / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities; D013334:Students