title: Gene-specific signal transduction between microtubules and tubulin genes in Tetrahymena thermophila.
abstract: Mammalian cells regulate tubulin mRNA abundance by a posttranscriptional mechanism dependent on the concentration of tubulin monomer. Treatment of mammalian cells with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs and microtubule-polymerizing drugs causes decreases and increases in tubulin mRNA, respectively (D. W. Cleveland, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1:10-14, 1989). In striking contrast to the case with mammalian cells, perturbation of microtubules in Tetrahymena thermophila by microtubule-depolymerizing or -polymerizing drugs increases the level of the single alpha-tubulin gene message by increasing transcription (L. A. Stargell, D. P. Heruth, J. Gaertig, and M. A. Gorovsky, Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:1443-1450, 1992). In this report we show that antimicrotubule drugs preferentially induce the expression of one of two beta-tubulin genes (BTU1) in T. thermophila. In contrast, deciliation induces expression of both beta-tubulin genes. Tubulin gene expression was examined in a mutant strain created by transformation with an in vitro-mutagenized beta-tubulin gene that conferred resistance to microtubule-depolymerizing drugs and sensitivity to the polymerizing drug taxol and in a strain containing a nitrosoguanidine-induced mutation in the single alpha-tubulin gene that conferred the same pattern of drug sensitivities. In both cases the levels of tubulin mRNA expression from the drug-inducible BTU1 gene in the mutant cells paralleled the altered growth sensitivities to microtubule drugs. These studies demonstrate that T. thermophila has distinct, gene-specific mechanisms for modulating tubulin gene expression depending on whether ciliary or cytoplasmic microtubules are involved. They also show that the cytoplasmic microtubule cytoskeleton itself participates in a signal transduction pathway that regulates specific tubulin gene transcription in T. thermophila.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaertig
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Stargell
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gorovsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017125:Genes, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013424:Sulfanilamides; D016808:Tetrahymena thermophila / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013424:Sulfanilamides; D014404:Tubulin; C012465:oryzalin; D017239:Paclitaxel