title: Effect of diet energy concentration and of age of Holstein-Friesian bull calves on growth rate, urea space and fat deposition, and ruminal volume.
abstract: Holstein-Friesian bull calves were fed diets of three metabolizable energy concentrations: 11.7, 10.9, and 10.0 MJ/kg of DM, and the same content of CP, 145 g/kg. Two trials were carried out. Initial weights were 195 and 180 kg and final weights were 490 and 600 kg for Trials 1 and 2, respectively. The live weight gains (kg/d) were .93, 1.06, and 1.16 in Trial 1 and .98, 1.11, and 1.16 in Trial 2 on the low-, medium-, and high-energy diet, respectively. In Trial 2, measurements were made of ruminal fluid volume and urea space, which expresses the protein mass in the body. Ruminal fluid volume of young calves was high, exceeding 250 mL/kg live weight. Proportional to live weight, it tends to decrease from the age of 213 d to slaughter. It was higher on the lower-energy diet (P < .01). Rate of fat deposition between 250 and 600 kg body weight did not increase even on the diet with 11.7 MJ/kg, although these calves were fatter (P < .05) at slaughter than those on the low-energy diets. The ratios of depot fats (g of fat/kg of hot carcass) in both trials were close for each energy level, in spite of a 100-kg difference in live weight at slaughter. It was 24.0, 29.8, and 40.7 for calves fed low-, medium-, and high-energy diets, respectively, in Trial 1 and 27.7, 37.1, and 40.4, respectively, in Trial 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brosh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aharoni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Holzer
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000592:standards; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D012417:Rumen / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014508:Urea