Does desmopressin improve hemostasis and reduce blood loss from aortic surgery? A randomized, double-blind study.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) on blood loss, transfusion requirements, and thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing elective aortic operations.


METHODS
A randomized, double-blind trial was carried out during a 3-year period with patients receiving 20 micrograms DDAVP or identical-appearing placebo at the time of aortic cross-clamp placement. In addition to major bleeding and thromboembolic end points, bleeding times and platelet counts were monitored serially.


RESULTS
Forty-three patients were randomized to receive DDAVP, and 48 were assigned to a placebo. An equivalent proportion of patients with aneurysm and patients with occlusive disease was in each group. In spite of mild prolongation in the postoperative bleeding times and moderate thrombocytopenia, DDAVP had no beneficial effect on blood loss or transfusion requirements. Total blood transfusion amount (mean +/- standard deviation) for patients receiving DDAVP was 3.1 +/- 3.0 U compared with 2.7 +/- 3.0 U for those receiving placebo. For all patients the period associated with the greatest blood loss was the time between heparin administration with cross-clamp application and reversal of heparin with protamine sulfate. The incidence of major thromboembolic complications was similar in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Thrombocytopenia and mild platelet dysfunction are common after aortic operation, but DDAVP does not improve hemostasis or lessen transfusion requirements. This study does not rule out a beneficial effect of DDAVP in patients who are undergoing more complex aortic operations or who have major hemostatic aberrations.
Clagett
G P
GP
Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9031, USA.
Valentine
R J
RJ
Myers
S I
SI
Chervu
A
A
Heller
J
J
D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000601:surgery*; D001760:Bleeding Time; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology
D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin