title: Transcriptional regulation of human thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 gene expression: effect of human retinoid X receptor and identification of a transcriptional silencer region.
abstract: Effects of human retinoid X receptor alpha (hRXR alpha) and its ligand, 9-cis-retinoic acid, on T3-mediated auto-regulation of hTR beta 1 gene expression were examined using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter system, and a deletional analysis of the promoter. hRXR alpha enhanced T3-dependent CAT induction mediated through the proximal (p) TRE in a ligand (9-cis-retinoic acid) independent manner. In a gel mobility shift assay, hRXR alpha enhanced the binding of hTR beta 1 to the pTRE by the formation of hRXR alpha-hTR beta 1 heterodimers. On the other hand, hRXR alpha and 9-cis-retinoic acid did not show any effects on T3-dependent CAT induction mediated through the distal (d) TRE or the binding of hTR beta 1 to the dTRE. A four hundred-base pair (bp) fragment adjacent upstream of the dTRE showed a T3 independent suppressor effect on the function of the pTRE and dTRE. Thus, this region may be an important regulator of the T3 dependent up-regulation of the TR beta 1 gene expression which is observed only under specific conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: DeGroot
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashizume
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D014212:Tretinoin; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase