title: Effect of hyperthermia on the cytotoxicity of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) in cultured SW1573 cells.
abstract: Difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdCyd, gemcitabine) was tested for cytotoxicity in cultured human lung-cancer cells SW1573 in combination with 1 hr hyperthermia at 43 degrees C. The results show that the timing is extremely important. Simultaneous application led to decreased cytotoxicity, whereas an interval of 20 or 24 hr between exposure to dFdCyd and hyperthermia led to enhanced cell killing. The decrease in cytotoxicity after simultaneous hyperthermia and dFdCyd probably results from inhibition of activation of dFdCyd to the triphosphate metabolite. The enhanced cytotoxicity in sequential application of dFdCyd and hyperthermia is not caused by accumulation of cells in a sensitive cell-cycle phase. Our results show that the G1 phase becomes relatively abundant 20 hr after exposure to 0.1 microM dFdCyd, approximately 48% versus 31% in control cultures. Presumably, inhibition by hyperthermia of repair of DNA damage plays a role. Our results confirm earlier data with regard to reutilization of activated dFdCyd at high cell density. dFdCyd was clearly more toxic to SW1573 cells at 4 x 10(5) cells per dish than at 400 cells per dish. This reutilization of activated drug is evidently not a restricted property of a particular cell line and may add to the value of the drug in cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haveman
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rietbroek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geerdink
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Rijn
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects*; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine