title: Effects of Th1 and Th2 cytokines on cytokine production and ICAM-1 expression on synovial fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of the Th1 and Th2 lymphokines interleukins (IL)-4 and IL-13, interferon gamma (IFN gamma), and several monokines on the adhesion of mononuclear cells to synovial fibroblasts and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and cytokine production of synovial fibroblasts in patients with osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synovial fibroblasts were isolated from patients with osteoarthritis and stimulated with IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and IFN gamma. Subsequently, we determined the production of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN alpha and TNF alpha, and the expression of ICAM-1 lymphocyte function associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), BB7, and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on these cells. Furthermore, the adhesion of freshly isolated mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood was tested using a colourimetric cell-cell adhesion assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only production of IL-6 and the expression of ICAM-1 were observed. IL-1 beta and TNF alpha were the most potent stimulatory mediators of both cytokine production and ICAM-1 expression. IL-4 and IL-13 had differential effects as they upregulated cytokine production but downregulated IFN gamma induced ICAM-1 expression. In functional adhesion assays, TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha and, to a lesser extent, IFN gamma led to increased adhesion of mononuclear cells, whereas IL-4 and IL-13 had no effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that Th1 and Th2 lymphokines can modulate the function (cytokine production and expression of adhesion molecules) of synovial fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schlaak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwarting
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knolle
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Meyer zum Büschenfelde
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mayet
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000276:immunology*; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D015847:Interleukin-4