title: Analgesic effect in humans of subanaesthetic isoflurane concentrations evaluated by experimentally induced pain.
abstract: The analgesic effect of subanaesthetic concentrations of ether, trichloroethylene, methoxyflurane and halothane has been investigated previously using either clinical assessment or pain threshold measurements, but with conflicting results. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of isoflurane using experimental pain models. We studied 12 healthy volunteers at three randomly chosen subanaesthetic isoflurane concentrations: low (0.10-0.14 vol%), middle (0.16-0.20 vol%) and high (0.22-0.26 vol%). We used thermal pain detection and pain tolerance thresholds to argon laser stimulation, pressure pain detection and pain tolerance thresholds, immersion of the hand in ice water, and the nociceptive reflex to single and repeated (temporal summation) electrical stimulations, as experimental models to assess analgesia. There were no significant changes in the response to heat, cold or mechanical pressure at any of the subanaesthetic concentrations of isoflurane used. The nociceptive reflex thresholds to single stimulations, but not the thresholds for repeated stimulations, were significantly increased in all three isoflurane groups compared with baseline values. The difference between the different isoflurane concentrations was not statistically significant. In experimental pain models, subanaesthetic isoflurane concentrations have little or no analgesic potency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petersen-Felix
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arendt-Nielsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bjerring
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zbinden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D011312:Pressure; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane