title: Plasminogen activator system in human coronary atherosclerosis.
abstract: Altered coronary artery expression of plasminogen activator (PA) system components may predispose to thrombosis and modulate the vascular response to injury. By immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of PAs (tPA and uPA), their major physiological inhibitor (PAI-1), and a receptor for uPA (uPAR) in human coronary arteries with either pure fibrointimal proliferation (n = 15) or developed atherosclerotic plaques (n = 10). Overall, the degree of staining showed the following rank order: PAI-1 > tPA > uPAR > uPA. A similar pattern was seen in two normal coronary arteries. There were no significant differences in the extent of staining in any vascular compartment between atherosclerotic arteries and those with only fibrointimal proliferation. However, the ratio of intimal to medial expression of tPA (P = .001) and uPAR (P = .004) was significantly increased in atherosclerotic arteries, with a similar trend for uPA (P = .069) but not for PAI-1 (P = .73). Four of 10 atherosclerotic arteries had higher uPAR expression in the intima than in the media, whereas none of the 15 arteries with only fibrointimal proliferation had this pattern (P < .01). Dual labeling studies demonstrated colocalization of all four PA system components in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, with a predominance of PAI-1. Thus, coronary arteries with a wide range of vascular pathology express an abundance of antifibrinolytic potential with enhanced local expression of profibrinolytic proteins, mainly within atherosclerotic plaques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6060, USA.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Raghunath
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Barnathan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002455:Cell Division; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator