title: Intestinal ammonium transport by ammonium and hydrogen exchange.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ionized ammonia (NH3) transport in the intestine has not been previously established as a mechanism of acidosis in urinary intestinal diversion or hepatic failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this study was to establish that ionized transport of ammonium (NH4) occurs in the intestine and to characterize the mechanism of its transport using the methodology of brush border membrane vesicles and acridine orange fluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An NH4/H exchange was demonstrated and found to be the dominant mechanism causing a pH change when NH4 is transported across the lumenal membrane. Ionized NH4 transport was demonstrated to occur against an NH3 concentration gradient. The Km was 1.02 mmol and the Vmax was 247 U/sec. The Hill coefficient was 0.97, indicating a single port. Ammonium hydrogen exchange could be inhibited by amiloride but not by bumetanide. Sodium, potassium or chloride, or both, did not effect the NH4/H exchanger.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study establishes that ionized NH4 transport occurs across the small intestine brush border in exchange for a hydrogen ion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: McDougal
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirley
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D008871:Microvilli / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D002034:Bumetanide; D000584:Amiloride; D006859:Hydrogen; D012964:Sodium; D000165:Acridine Orange; D011188:Potassium