title: A randomised controlled trial of simple compared with complex antenatal fetal monitoring after 42 weeks of gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the impact on perinatal outcome of two different protocols for antenatal fetal monitoring after 42 weeks gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liverpool Maternity Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-five women with singleton, uncomplicated pregnancies after 42 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random allocation to fetal monitoring by either: 1. a modified biophysical profile comprising of computerised cardiotocography, amniotic fluid index, and assessment of fetal breathing, tone and gross body movements; or 2. standard cardiotocography and maximum pool depth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cord pH at delivery, number of abnormal monitoring tests, intrapartum management, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significantly more abnormal antenatal monitoring results in the modified biophysical profile group (47.2% vs 20.5%; odds ratio = 3.5, 99% CI = 1.3-9.1). There were no differences in cord blood gases, neonatal outcome, or in outcomes related to labour and delivery between the two groups, but a trend towards more obstetric interventions in the modified biophysical profile group was noted. Amniotic fluid volume after 42 weeks was more likely to be labelled as abnormal with amniotic fluid index than with maximum pool depth (44.4% vs 15.1%; odds ratio = 4.5, 99% CI = 1.6-12.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that after 42 weeks fetal monitoring with the modified biophysical profile does not improve pregnancy outcome as measured by umbilical cord pH, but is more likely to yield an abnormal result. The higher incidence of abnormal monitoring results in the modified biophysical profile group was likely to be caused by different methods of amniotic fluid assessment in the modified biophysical profile group (amniotic fluid index) and simple monitoring group (maximum pool depth). The use of amniotic fluid index as a test of fetal wellbeing in prolonged pregnancy may lead to more obstetric interventions with, as yet, unclear impact on the perinatal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alfirevic
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Walkinshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D015148:Cardiotocography; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007233:Infant, Postmature; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011446:Prospective Studies