title: Continuous in situ cold perfusion with histidine tryptophan ketoglutarate solution in nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In transplantation medicine the superiority of Bretschneider's histidine tryptophan ketoglutarate solution has been demonstrated in various animal investigations and in donor organs under clinical conditions. Because of the wide use of ultrasound scans and computerized tomography there has been a sharp increase in the number of small renal tumors detected. Therefore, efficient protection methods designed to conserve kidney tissues are attracting growing attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on 11 patients with space-occupying lesions involving a solitary kidney. All tumor resections were performed under continuous in situ perfusion with Bretschneider's solution. Even when dealing with extensive tumors involving the hilum, complete resection and reconstruction of the kidney in situ proved feasible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean cold ischemia time was 62.1 minutes (range 18 to 88) and mean Bretschneider's perfusion volume was 2,875 cc. The kidneys resumed excretion within an average of 16.8 minutes (range 0 to 60) and no patient required dialysis. Apart from temporary elevation of serum creatinine levels, postoperative renal function was unimpaired. There were no changes in serum electrolyte levels and no disorders of cardiac conduction. One kidney was lost postoperatively due to renal artery embolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous in situ perfusion with Bretschneider's solution is a new and interesting method for patients undergoing partial nephrectomy. Particularly for locally extended tumors, this procedure is highly efficient for intrarenal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gschwend
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Petriconi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kleinschmidt
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hautmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005947:Glucose; D006801:Humans; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008353:Mannitol; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D011343:Procaine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C039984:Bretschneider cardioplegic solution; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D008353:Mannitol; D011343:Procaine; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D005947:Glucose