Social phobia: an analysis of possible developmental factors.
Sixty-eight individuals with specific or generalized social phobia and 25 normal controls were assessed for presence of a family history of anxiety, childhood shyness, traumatic conditioning experiences, neuroticism, and extraversion. Subtype differences emerged, including significantly greater neuroticism and a more frequent history of shyness in the generalized subtype. Those with the generalized subtype also had significantly lower extraversion scores, and those with the specific subtype had a significantly higher frequency of traumatic conditioning episodes. Together, traumatic conditioning and childhood shyness predicted the presence of social phobia, although other unidentified factors also appeared to be relevant. The results are discussed in terms of potentially different modes of onset for the subtypes of social phobia and the role of neuroticism and introversion in the development of the disorder.
Stemberger
R T
RT
Department of Psychology, Loyola College, Maryland, USA.
Turner
S M
SM
Beidel
D C
DC
Calhoun
K S
KS
D000328:Adult; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies