title: Interleukin-12 treatment during immunization elicits a T helper cell type 1-like immune response in mice challenged with respiratory syncytial virus and improves vaccine immunogenicity.
abstract: Adjuvant effects of exogenous interleukin (IL)-12 on induction of immune responses against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mice were evaluated. Giving recombinant IL-12 at the time of immunization with a formalin-inactivated alum-precipitated RSV preparation resulted in significant reduction of virus replication in lungs 4 days after RSV challenge. Intraperitoneal or intramuscular IL-12 was effective when given at the time of immunization but not at the time of challenge. IL-12 treatment resulted in increased interferon-gamma mRNA in lungs, increased IgG2a RSV-specific antibody isotype utilization, and increased endogenous IL-12 p40 mRNA expression. IL-12 treatment did not significantly affect clinical outcome or cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. These data demonstrate that IL-12 has potent adjuvant effects that may be due to induction of T helper cell type 1-like immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2605, USA.
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma