title: Transforming growth factor-alpha in human implantation trophoblast: immunohistochemical evidence for autocrine/paracrine function.
abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGF-R) have been demonstrated in human implantation sites. Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), a protein with extensive sequence homology to EGF and with equal affinity for the EGF-R, was localized immunohistochemically in early intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies. Within the same experiments, TGF-alpha immunostaining was more intense in ectopic than intrauterine pregnancies. In both groups, TGF-alpha immunostaining was moderate to intense in the syncytiotrophoblast (ST), light to moderate in the cytotrophoblast (CT), and moderate to intense in intermediate trophoblast (IT). In ST, TGF-alpha immunostaining localized to the cytoplasm and plasma membranes, including microvilli. No nuclear associated TGF-alpha was noted in ST. In CT, differential TGF-alpha immunostaining was noted between the villous and nonvillous CT. Villous CT demonstrated light to absent cytoplasmic TGF-alpha immunostaining with intense nuclear staining. In contrast, nonvillous CT revealed moderate to intense cytoplasmic staining without demonstrable nuclear staining. These results demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive TGF-alpha in all forms of trophoblast. The known presence of the EGF-R suggests an autocrine/paracrine role for TGF-alpha during human implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Navot
mesh_terms: D010064:Embryo Implantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha