title: Prevention of diabetic vascular dysfunction by guanidines. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase versus advanced glycation end-product formation.
abstract: This study was undertaken to compare the ability of two guanidine compounds (aminoguanidine and methylguanidine), with different in vitro effects on NO synthase activity and AGE formation, to inhibit diabetic vascular dysfunction developing early after the onset of diabetes. In rats with STZ-induced diabetes of 5-wk duration, regional vascular [125I]albumin permeation was increased about two- to threefold in ocular tissues, sciatic nerve, and aorta; in general, both guanidine compounds normalized albumin permeation in diabetic rats without affecting it in controls. Methylguanidine was only approximately 7% as effective as aminoguanidine as an inhibitor of AGE formation from L-lysine and G6P; both compounds were poor inhibitors of AR. Methylguanidine was approximately 1-5% as potent as aminoguanidine and L-NMMA as an inhibitor of the cytokine- and endotoxin-inducible isoform of NO synthase. In contrast, the potency of methylguanidine as an inhibitor of the constitutive isoform of NO synthase was comparable to that of aminoguanidine, and both guanidine compounds were much less effective than L-NMMA. These observations suggest a role for a relative or absolute increase in NO production in the pathogenesis of early diabetic vascular dysfunction and raise the possibility that inhibition of diabetic vascular functional changes by aminoguanidine may reflect inhibition of NO synthase activity rather than, or in addition to, prevention of AGE formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tilton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Petrash
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Misko
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McDaniel
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002956:Citrulline / Q000032:analysis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D048289:Imidazolidines; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008760:Methylguanidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010793:Phthalazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014602:Uvea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006146:Guanidines; D007093:Imidazoles; D048289:Imidazolidines; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010793:Phthalazines; D013844:Thiazoles; C040550:tolrestat; C067172:zopolrestat; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D002956:Citrulline; D007294:Inositol; D013012:Sorbitol; D008760:Methylguanidine; D001120:Arginine; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C026411:sorbinil; C004479:pimagedine