title: Biosynthesis of fluorinated secondary metabolites by Streptomyces cattleya.
abstract: The biosynthesis of organofluorine compounds by Streptomyces cattleya NRRL 8057 was examined using 19F NMR spectroscopy. The organism produced 1.2 mM fluoroacetate and 0.5 mM 4-fluorothreonine as secondary metabolites when cultured for 28 d on a chemically defined medium containing 2 mM fluoride. Cell suspensions from batch cultures harvested at the growth maximum of 4 d were not capable of fluoride uptake or fluorometabolite biosynthesis, but by 6 d had developed an efficient fluoride-uptake system and biosynthesized the two fluorometabolites in almost equal proportions. As the harvest age increased, the proportion of fluoroacetate to 4-fluorothreonine formed by cell suspensions rose progressively so that 16-d-old cells showed a ratio of 76:26 for the two compounds. Fluoride uptake and fluorometabolite production by cell suspensions were highly dependent on pH, with both processes showing a maximum rate at pH 6.0 but declining rapidly at higher pH values. This decrease was particularly marked in the case of fluoroacetate biosynthesis which was barely detectable at pH 7.5. Fluoroacetate and 4-fluorothreonine showed only low levels of interconversion by cell suspensions, suggesting that the carbon skeleton of neither was derived by metabolism of the other. The limited interconversion observed is explicable in terms of a small degree of biological defluorination occurring with each compound, followed by reincorporation of the resulting fluoride ion into the organic form by the active fluorinating system, a phenomenon also noted on incubation of cell suspensions with a number of other fluorinated biochemical intermediates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biochemistry Section, Department of Food Science, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biochemistry Section, Department of Food Science, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK.
authors.forename: Roy D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
authors.forename: Lakkaraju
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dasaradhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
authors.forename: Muhammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biochemistry Section, Department of Food Science, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Harper
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005463:Fluoroacetates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000378:metabolism; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013912:Threonine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005463:Fluoroacetates; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C048271:4-fluorothreonine; D013912:Threonine; D012969:Sodium Fluoride