title: Endoscopic ultrasound for staging esophageal cancer, with or without dilation, is clinically important and safe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To fully evaluate patients with esophageal cancer by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), the transducer must pass through the entire tumor to the cardia to scan the celiac axis. Dilation may be necessary. Published information suggests that dilation with EUS carries a sizeable risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to assess the complication rate associated with dilation prior to EUS in patients with esophageal cancer and the clinical significance of dilation for complete EUS staging, we reviewed the records of all patients who had undergone EUS for esophageal cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three patients underwent EUS staging of esophageal cancer. Thirty-nine (62%) had lesions through which the EUS scope was passable (Group I). Ten (16%) patients (Group II) had lesions through which an EUS scope (diameter 13 mm) was unable to pass even after dilation. Fourteen patients (22%) had lesions that were dilated to allow passage of the EUS scope (Group III). All patients in Groups II and III had confirmation of EUS staging by CT and/or surgery. In Group II, five patients had tumors defined as T4 (50%) and five as T3 (50%). In Group III, nine (64%) had T4 tumors, four (29%) had T3, and one (7.7%) had T2. No complications were encountered in any group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS, either alone or after dilation, is a safe procedure and the complete EUS examination with celiac node visualization adds prognostically significant information.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007-2197, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Kallimanis
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: al-Kawas
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Tio
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bertagnolli
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Fleischer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004106:Dilatation; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012449:Safety; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods