title: Defining the key parameters for comparing reactions among acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To facilitate future vaccine reaction data collection and analysis, we sought to determine the minimum data set required to describe accurately and to compare common reactions after the administration of acellular (DTaP) or whole-cell (DTP) pertussis vaccine with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen DTaP and 2 DTP vaccines were studied in a multicenter trial involving 2342 infants who received a primary series of vaccinations at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Temperature, fussiness, redness, swelling and pain at the injection site, antipyretic use, drowsiness, loss of appetite, and vomiting were evaluated. Reactions were assessed at 3 hours and (if not immunized in the evening) 6 hours after immunization, at bedtime each evening for 7 evenings, and on the 14th evening after immunization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two reaction assessment approaches were compared: (1) analysis of all reactions, regardless of the degree of severity; and (2) a condensation of the data to five key reactions (fever > 100 degrees F, moderate or more fussiness, any local redness, any local swelling, and moderate or more local pain). We found that the onset of reactions was infrequent beyond the second evening, and that collection and analysis of reaction data beyond that time did not further discriminate among the vaccines. Information regarding antipyretic use, loss of appetite, drowsiness, or vomiting did not assist in differentiating among these vaccines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring the occurrence of fever greater than 100 degrees F, moderate or severe fussiness, injection site redness or swelling, and moderate or severe injection site pain occurring through the second evening after immunization will provide the minimum data set needed to discriminate among DTaP and DTP vaccines with respect to the common adverse reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pichichero
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christy
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Steinhoff
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rennels
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Englund
mesh_terms: D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine