title: [Nocardiosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Spain].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nocardia usually infects immunosuppressed patients, particularly with cellular immunity deficiency. Nevertheless, despite severe immunosuppression in patients infected with HIV, nocardiosis is rare among these patients. We report here two cases of nocardiosis in patients with HIV infection and review spanish literature up to 1993, with an analysis of the characteristics of this infection in our country.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two patients consumed drugs parenterally and Nocardia organism were recovered in blood cultures after 48 hours of inoculation in standard culture media. The source of the infection was cutaneous in one patient, over an area of venipuncture, and pulmonary in the other patient. Previously, eleven cases of nocardiosis had been reported in the spanish literature in patients infected with HIV. Eighty-four percent were males, and all of them consumed drugs parenterally and displayed a severe cellular immunodepression; the total CD4 lymphocyte count was lower than 100/mm3 in patients when this finding was available (6/13). At diagnosis only one patient received prophylaxis against other type of infection with antibiotics theoretically effective against Nocardia at diagnosis. The Nocardia species recovered more frequently was asteroides (77%) and the most common location was the skin (54%). Treatments more frequently employed were sulfametoxazole-trimethoprim (45%) and sulfadiazine (36%), with a good response except in those with cerebral involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nocardiosis in patients with HIV infection is rare in Spain. In contrast with other geographical areas skin involvement was the more common form of infection. Prophylaxis with sulfametoxazole-trimethoprim against other infections could be responsible for a lower than expected incidence among this type of patients.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Clínica del Complejo Hospitalario de Cáceres.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Yñiguez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Onieva
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Pascua
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacaicoa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martín
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D000328:Adult; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008911:Minocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009617:Nocardia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D009616:Nocardia asteroides / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013030:Spain; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D013411:Sulfadiazine; D008911:Minocycline
vernacular_title: Nocardiosis en enfermos con infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en España.