title: Identification of a novel divergent calmodulin isoform from soybean which has differential ability to activate calmodulin-dependent enzymes.
abstract: Calmodulin plays pivotal roles in the transduction of various Ca(2+)-mediated signals and is one of the most highly conserved proteins in eukaryotic cells. In plants, multiple calmodulin isoforms with minor amino acid sequence differences were identified but their functional significances are unknown. To investigate the biological function of calmodulins in the regulation of calmodulin-dependent enzymes, we cloned cDNAs encoding calmodulins in soybean. Among the five cDNAs isolated from soybean, designated as SCaM-1 to -5, SCaM-4 and -5 encoded very divergent calmodulin isoforms which have 32 amino acid substitutions from the highly conserved calmodulin, SCaM-1 encoded by SCaM-1 and SCaM-3. SCaM-4 protein produced in Escherichia coli showed typical characteristics of calmodulin such as Ca(2+)-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift and the ability to activate phosphodiesterase. However, the extent of mobility shift and antigenicity of SCaM-4 were different from those of SCaM-1. Moreover, SCaM-4 did not activate NAD kinase at all in contrast to SCaM-1. Also there were differences in the expression pattern of SCaM-1 and SCaM-4. Expression levels of SCaM-4 were approximately 5-fold lower than those of SCaM-1 in apical and elongating regions of hypocotyls. In addition, SCaM-4 transcripts were barely detectable in root whereas SCaM-1 transcripts were as abundant as in apical and elongating regions of hypocotyls. In conclusion, the different biochemical properties together with differential expression of SCaM-4 suggest that this novel calmodulin may have different functions in plant cells.
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bahk
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017343:Genes, Plant; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C021844:NAD kinase; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases