title: Resting metabolic rate in subjects with paraplegia: the effect of pressure sores.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the overall effect of paraplegia and pressure sores on resting metabolic rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unblinded, case-control study using a convenience sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital primary care setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen individuals with paraplegia and pressure sores (PS-Para), 24 with paraplegia in good health (NPS-Para), and 23 non-spinal cord injury (SCI) controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The planned outcome measures consisted of resting metabolic rate, percent of predicted resting metabolic rate, resting metabolic rate per kilogram body weight, and resting metabolic rate per meter squared body surface area. Post hoc analyses were used to identify the effect of completeness of lesion, smoking, and pressure sores on percent of predicted resting metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate per kilogram body weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percent of predicted resting metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate per kilogram body weight were significantly higher in the PS-Para group than in the NPS-Para or control groups (115% +/- 4% vs 100% +/- 2% or 107% +/- 2%, p < .05) and (25.9 +/- 1.2 vs 21.4 +/- 0.6 or 22.5 +/- 0.4 kcal/kg, p < .05, respectively). The resting metabolic rate per meter squared body surface area was significantly higher in the PS-Para group than in NPS-Para group (973 +/- 39 vs 874 +/- 20kcal/m2, p < .05). In the PS-Para group, current smokers had significantly higher resting metabolic rate per kilogram body weight than nonsmokers (27.3 +/- 1.7 vs 24.0 +/- 1.4kcal/kg, p < .01). Controlling for the effects of smoking in a multiple regression model, those in the PS-Para group had significantly (p < .001) greater percent of predicted resting metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate per kilogram body weight than those in the NPS-Para group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that individuals with SCI may have a decreased percent of predicted resting metabolic rate and those with pressure sores may have a hypermetabolic state. This hypermetabolic state is significantly higher than that resulting from smoking. Because ordinary prediction equations for energy expenditure may not be accurate when applied to subjects with paraplegia and pressure sores, quantification of energy needs by indirect calorimetry is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spungen
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Losada
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Bauman
mesh_terms: D001481:Basal Metabolism; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*