Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans.
A patient with selective bilateral damage to the amygdala did not acquire conditioned autonomic responses to visual or auditory stimuli but did acquire the declarative facts about which visual or auditory stimuli were paired with the unconditioned stimulus. By contrast, a patient with selective bilateral damage to the hippocampus failed to acquire the facts but did acquire the conditioning. Finally, a patient with bilateral damage to both amygdala and hippocampal formation acquired neither the conditioning nor the facts. These findings demonstrate a double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the human amygdala and hippocampus.
Bechara
A
A
Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Tranel
D
D
Damasio
H
H
Adolphs
R
R
Rockland
C
C
Damasio
A R
AR
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation