title: Origins and affinities of modern humans: a comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data.
abstract: To test hypotheses about the origin of modern humans, we analyzed mtDNA sequences, 30 nuclear restriction-site polymorphisms (RSPs), and 30 tetranucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms in 243 Africans, Asians, and Europeans. An evolutionary tree based on mtDNA displays deep African branches, indicating greater genetic diversity for African populations. This finding, which is consistent with previous mtDNA analyses, has been interpreted as evidence for an African origin of modern humans. Both sets of nuclear polymorphisms, as well as a third set of trinucleotide polymorphisms, are highly consistent with one another but fail to show deep branches for African populations. These results, which represent the first direct comparison of mtDNA and nuclear genetic data in major continental populations, undermine the genetic evidence for an African origin of modern humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Jorde
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bamshad
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zenger
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fraley
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Krakowiak
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soodyall
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D001208:Asia; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial