title: Isolation and characterization of metastatic variants from human transitional cell carcinoma passaged by orthotopic implantation in athymic nude mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  These studies were designed to develop an orthotopic model for human bladder cancer and to isolate variant metastatic cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human bladder cancer cell line 253J was implanted into the muscular wall of the bladder of athymic nude mice. By in vivo recycling, we selected for 2 variant cell lines: 253J B-V, a bladder line isolated after 5 serial passages in the bladder, and 253J lung-IV, established from a lung tumor nodule that was recycled through the bladder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These 2 cell lines showed enhanced tumorigenicity, as measured by a decreased latent period, and rapid growth as compared with the parental cell line. Moreover, orthotopic implantation of these cell lines resulted in metastasis to the lungs. These in vivo-selected, metastatic cell lines exhibited unique karyotypic alterations, increased anchorage-independent growth, overexpression of basic fibroblast growth factor, altered expression of adhesion molecules and the ability to migrate through Matrigel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This reproducible model of human bladder cancer offers the opportunity to study cellular properties associated with tumor progression and metastasis and is suitable for the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies for invasive bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dinney
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fishbeck
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eve
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bucana
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Fidler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D002469:Cell Separation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*