title: Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and transvaginal intratubal insemination as an alternative to gamete intrafallopian transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) followed by intratubal insemination in the treatment of infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 179 intratubal insemination trials in 78 women over a 48-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproductive endocrinology practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight women, 26 to 44 years old (34 +/- 4.3 years; mean +/- SD), classified into subgroups according to diagnosis and age (< 40 or > or = 40 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent COH and intratubal insemination.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rates of pregnancy, delivery, spontaneous abortion, ectopic and multiple gestation, and complications were studied and analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there were 36 pregnancies (20.1% of 179 trials), 29 deliveries (16.2%), 5 of 36 first trimester abortions (13.9%), 2 of 36 ectopic pregnancies (5.6%), and 4 twin gestations. There were no serious complications. In 43 women < 40 years without male factor the first trial resulted in 15 pregnancies (34.9%); in 27 women < 40 years with male factor the first trial resulted in 4 pregnancies (14.8%). Male factor reduced significantly the probability of conception. In 19 women < 40 years of age with either ovarian dysfunction or infertility of unknown cause, the first trial resulted in 9 pregnancies (47.4%), which was significantly better than the 10 pregnancies achieved in the first trial in the remaining 51 women < 40 years of age. Peak serum E2 levels and number of mature follicles had a significant effect on pregnancy rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intratubal insemination yielded pregnancy rates comparable to those published for GIFT at reduced cost and with fewer complications.
authors.affiliation: Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Toaff
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lev-Toaff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005187:Fallopian Tubes; D005260:Female; D015181:Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007267:Injections; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000503:physiopathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012099:Reproductive Techniques; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D004958:Estradiol