title: Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 on interleukin-8 production by human neutrophils and monocytes.
abstract: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a major neutrophil chemoattractant and functional stimulant that is induced by IL-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We report that recombinant human (rh) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and rhIL-3 are also potent inducers of IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) accumulation and protein secretion by normal peripheral blood monocytes. Neutrophils produce IL-8 in response to GM-CSF but not to IL-3. In contrast, recombinant human granulocyte-CSF (rhG-CSF), at concentrations as high as 100 ng/mL, does not induce IL-8 in either cell type. rhGM-CSF also induces IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 protein in the promonocytic cell line, U-937, whereas rhG-CSF does not. IL-8 secretion by monocytes was stimulated within 2 hours after incubation with rhGM-CSF or rhIL-3. Stimulation of neutrophils with rhGM-CSF resulted in an increase in cell-associated IL-8 at 4 hours. At 24 hours, cell-associated IL-8 levels declined, whereas secreted IL-8 levels increased. In contrast, virtually all IL-8 induced in monocytes appeared as secreted protein. Neither rhGM-CSF nor rhIL-3 induced detectable secretion of IL-1, TNF alpha, or IL-6 protein by monocytes. rhGM-CSF, and to a lesser degree rhIL-3, potently stimulated IL-8 secretion in cultures of heparinized whole blood, whereas rhG-CSF had no significant effect on IL-8 secretion. Induction of IL-8 by GM-CSF may be physiologically important in enhancing the acute inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center, WA 98108.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lilly
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alderson
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007377:Interleukin-3; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor