title: Colour and pulsed Doppler US and tumour marker CA 125 in differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian masses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colour and pulsed Doppler flow imaging have been proposed as methods that may be useful in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian masses. It was hypothesised that the detection of neovascularisation with abnormal, low-resistance blood flow peculiar to malignant tumours is possible, which is characterised with angle-independent Doppler indices Pl and Rl (pulsatility and resistance index, respectively). Tumour marker CA 125 SC (serum concentration) was found to be elevated in 80-85% of patients with serous epithelial ovarian cancer and in a lower percentage in other ovarian cancers, with levels over 35U/ml suggestive of malignancy. In our study we wanted to determine whether colour and pulsed Doppler US and CA 125 SC can be used to differentiate benign from malignant ovarian masses and whether, by combining the methods, the results can be even improved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovarian masses identified by sonography in 71 patients aged 35 years or more were confirmed at surgery (n = 61) or endoscopy (n = 4) or followed up to resolution with US (n = 6). Colour and pulsed Doppler US were used to identify intratumoral areas of vascularisation and to calculate the lowest Pl and Rl for each ovarian mass. CA 125 SC were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 16 of 18 ovarian malignancies and 28 of 53 benign masses, areas of intratumoral vascularisation were detected with colour Doppler US (p = 0.002). Pl and Rl values displayed considerable overlap between malignant and benign lesions and the differences were not significant. Mean CA 125 SC was higher in malignant than in benign masses (p = < 0.0001). For cut-off at 35U/ml, sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for ovarian cancer were 83%, 74%, 79% and 75% respectively. Either CA 125 SC > 35U/ml or intratumoral colour Doppler signal was detected in all 18 patients with ovarian cancer, but neither of them was detected in 25 patients all of whom had benign tumours. Thus, combining the two methods, SE, SP, PPV and NPV for ovarian cancer were: 100%, 47%, 32% and 100% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RI and PI values thus cannot be used to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian tumours. The determination of CA 125 serum level is useful in identifying ovarian cancer. CA 125 SC under 35U/ml, together with the lack of detectable colour flow in the tumour, can reliably exclude ovarian malignancy (NPV = 100%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antonić
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rakar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed
chemical_list: D018394:CA-125 Antigen