title: Synergistic potentiating effects of choline phosphate and ethanolamine on insulin-induced DNA synthesis in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.
abstract: In NIH 3T3 fibroblasts insulin is a much less potent mitogen than platelet-derived growth factor or fibroblast growth factor. Here we demonstrate that addition of choline phosphate (1 mM) or ethanolamine (1 mM) to these fibroblasts for a prolonged (16 h) period specifically and greatly enhanced, particularly when added in combination, the stimulatory effects of both insulin and insulin-like growth factor I on DNA synthesis. The results suggest that increased production of choline phosphate and ethanolamine, often observed in tumors and carcinogen-treated cells, may promote the mitogenic activity of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I.
authors.affiliation: Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin 55912, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomono
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Crilly
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kiss
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D019856:Ethanolamine; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004983:Ethanolamines; D007328:Insulin; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D019856:Ethanolamine; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I