title: Self-report of drinking using touch-tone telephone: extending the limits of reliable daily contact.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retrospective self-reports of alcohol consumption are ubiquitous in the alcohol research field. Time frames of these reports range from a week to a year or longer and are subject to several influences of bias that may have important clinical, epidemiological and methodological consequences. In order to specify drinking patterns more precisely, a study was conducted to monitor alcohol consumption on a daily basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (N = 51) responded for 112 days on an Interactive Voice Response system by entering their data daily using the touch-tone pad of their telephone. Each day, subjects answered 11 questions relating to drinking (including quantity) and to variables believed to affect consumption (e.g., stress level).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rate was 93.0%. Subjects reported consuming at least one drink on 51.2% of all 5,151 reporting days (mean number of drinks reported = 4.6). Following completion of the study, subjects were also asked to recall consumption retrospectively using a standard quantity-frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that: (1) data can be collected on a daily basis efficiently, and (2) traditional methods of data collection (e.g., quantity-frequency) result in a significant underreporting bias for heavier drinkers.
authors.affiliation: Vermont Alcohol Research Center, Colchester 05446, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Searles
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Perrine
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mundt
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Helzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015982:Bias; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012931:Social Environment; D013689:Telephone; D014707:Vermont / Q000453:epidemiology