title: Investigating uterine disease in the bitch: uterine cannulation for cytology, microbiology and hysteroscopy.
abstract: A technique for transcervical cannulation of the uterus of the bitch for the collection of samples for cytology and microbiology was developed. This technique involved passing a cannula into the uterus with the aid of an endoscope. The uterus was cannulated successfully in mature bitches (over 10 kg) 110 times in 144 attempts. Success of cannulation was influenced by the experience of the operator and ease of cannulation by the stage of the reproductive cycle, the size of the bitch and the type of cannula. Complications associated with the procedure were endometritis, vaginitis and vaginal tears. Uterine cannulation was generally possible in all bitches studied at all stages of the reproductive cycle. Techniques for the collection of samples from the uterus for cytology and microbiology and for the processing of samples for uterine cytology are outlined. Hysteroscopy was performed on seven occasions in post partum bitches and was found to be possible at least until day 17 after whelping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D004971:Estrus; D005260:Female; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D014599:Uterus / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*