title: Intraoperative blood transfusion is a major risk factor for coronary artery bypass grafting in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women have been found to have greater mortality from coronary artery bypass grafting than men. Uncertainty exists regarding the causes of the differences in outcomes between men and women after coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a database of 2,569 patients having coronary bypass grafting we have determined factors that contribute to poorer outcomes in women compared with men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were found to have greater mortality, postoperative bleeding, and postoperative pulmonary failure than men (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between men and women in postoperative renal failure, postoperative infection, postoperative stroke, or intraaortic balloon pump (p = not significant). Patient factors other than sex accounted for all the significant predictors (stepwise logistic regression) of mortality, postoperative bleeding, postoperative renal failure, postoperative pulmonary failure, postoperative stroke, need for intraaortic balloon pump, and postoperative infection (p < 0.05). Poorer outcomes in women are associated with greater need for transfusion during operation. Diabetes is predictive of renal failure and stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality and morbidity is less in men despite their higher preoperative creatinine level, greater incidence of reoperation, lower ejection fraction, and more common atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Utley
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Wilde
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Leyland
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome