title: The ability of specific antivenom and low temperature to inhibit the myotoxicity and neuromuscular block induced by Micrurus nigrocinctus venom.
abstract: In the isolated mouse diaphragm preparation, Micrurus nigrocinctus venom produced a dose-dependent contracture and blockade of the contractile response to direct and indirect electrical stimulation of the muscle. This effect could not be completely reversed by repeated washing of the preparation nor by the addition of neostigmine or 3, 4-diaminopyridine. The observation that the direct blockade had to be preceded by indirect blockade together with the capacity for venom to prevent the ACh- but not the KCl-induced contractures in biventer cervicis and chronically denervated preparations strongly suggests a curarimimetic action for the venom. The temperature at which the experiment was performed greatly influenced the neuromuscular blocking and myotoxic actions of the venom and suggests that the venom component responsible for these effects is thermolabile. Both the neuromuscular blocking action and the myotoxicity of the venom could be prevented by a specific M. nigrocinctus antivenom regardless of whether this was added together with or after the venom. The muscle morphological changes induced by the venom were accompanied by a corresponding increase in the release of creatine kinase (CK) into the incubation medium. This release was, however, submaximal (35%) when compared to that induced by the detergent Triton X-100. In contrast to what has been demonstrated for other Micrurus venoms (M. frontalis, M. corallinus, M. lemniscatus and M. spixii), our results show that the myotoxic effect induced by M. nigrocinctus venom is important for the development of blockade of the muscle contractile response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Brazil.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Goularte
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cruz-Höfling
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cogo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodrigues-Simioni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000032:analysis; D017679:Cryotherapy; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D004546:Elapid Venoms; C053972:micrurus venom; D003402:Creatine Kinase