title: Cognitive function during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans: short-term cerebral adaptation does not occur.
abstract: It has been suggested that cerebral adaptation may occur in response to short-term hypoglycemia. This was examined in the present study by measuring serial changes in cognitive function and symptoms after 60 min of continuous hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia was induced with a hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp on two separate occasions in 24 non-diabetic human subjects. Cognitive function was assessed using the following cognitive test battery: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP), Trail-Making B (TMB), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Four Choice Reaction Time (CRT). In condition A the blood glucose was maintained at 4.5 mmol/l throughout. On two separate occasions (condition B and condition C) the blood glucose was stabilised at 4.5 mmol/l for 30 min, lowered to 2.5 mmol/l for 60 min and restored to 4.5 mmol/l for 30 min. In each condition the cognitive test battery was performed immediately after stabilisation of blood glucose at 4.5 mmol/l and the subsequent battery was repeated at different time intervals: condition A--after a further 40 min of euglycemia; condition B--after 5 min of hypoglycemia; condition C--after 40 min of hypoglycemia. Acute hypoglycemia induced a significant deterioration in cognitive function which was manifest in all tests except TMB (P < 0.05), but performance ability did not differ between conditions B and C. Symptom scores, assessed by a scaled questionnaire, increased significantly during hypoglycemia (P < 0.001) but no differences were detected between the scores at 30 min and 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Deary
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Frier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin