title: [Ultrasound-guided extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy of bile duct calculi].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with underwater spark discharge and stone localisation via x-ray has become established in the treatment of difficult bile duct stones. First results with the piezoelectric lithotripter (EPL) in our department have also been promising.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1989 and 1993 we were able to treat 79 patients (mean age 76 years) with problematic bile duct stones with the EPL. Twenty-seven patients had solitary stones, 52 patients presented with multiple stones. Seventy-one patients received a nasobiliary tube to decompress the biliary system. For extracorporeal lithotripsy, we used a piezoelectric lithotripter (Piezolith 2300, R. Wolf, Knittlingen, Germany).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visualisation of the stones by ultrasound and ensuing treatment were possible in 71 out of 79 patients (90%), and complete stone removal was achieved in 62 patients (78.5%) after 7,595 shock-waves were applied per patient on average. In 55 patients, endoscopic extraction of fragments was performed to avoid fragment complications. Nearly all patients in whom extracorporeal lithotripsy failed were cleared of their stones by additional use of intracorporeal electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Three patients received palliatively an endoprosthesis and two patients were referred to surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPL with sonographic stone localisation and mild sedo-analgesia is a valuable adjunct in the treatment of difficult biliary tract calculi. It is a worthwhile alternative especially for elderly patients who would be at high risk on general anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Med. Klinik C, Stadt Ludwigshafen.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Adamek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jakobs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buttmann
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Gauer
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Krömer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wessbecher
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Riemann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
vernacular_title: Ultraschallgesteuerte extrakorporale piezoelektrische Lithotripsie (EPL) von Gallenwegskonkrementen.