title: Disorders of ocular motility following head trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the types and frequency of symptomatic ocular motility disturbances following head trauma and their association with severity of trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of patients with (1) diplopia unless visual loss is present, (2) heterotropia for far or near targets, and (3) prior head injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Office and in-hospital consulting practice of a university neuro-ophthalmologist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with posttraumatic ophthalmoplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paralytic and nonparalytic heterotropias were quantitated in prism diopters or percentage limitation of ductions. Convergence insufficiency was assessed by determining the near point of convergence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients had nuclear or infranuclear findings, ie, trochlear palsies (n = 20), oculomotor palsies (n = 17), abducens palsies (n = 7), combined palsies (n = 5), and restrictive ophthalmopathy (n = 2). Nine patients had supranuclear dysfunction, including seven patients with convergence insufficiency. Bilateral ocular motor palsies and combined palsies were significantly (by means of chi 2 test) associated with head trauma of severity sufficient to cause corticospinal tract dysfunction. Individual or combined ocular motor palsies were not significantly (by means of chi 2 test) associated with intracranial hemorrhage and/or skull fracture or loss of consciousness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trochlear palsy was the most common nuclear or infranuclear basis for traumatic diplopia, and convergence insufficiency was the most common supranuclear cause of double vision. Head trauma distinguished by upper motor-neuron signs was correlated with specific subsets of disordered ocular motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, USA.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lepore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies