title: Mutagenicity of nitro- and amino-substituted carbazoles in Salmonella typhimurium. I. Monosubstituted derivatives of 9H-carbazole.
abstract: Mononitro, monoamino and monoacetamido carbazoles were assayed for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1538, TA1537, TA1977, TA98 and TA100, with and without the addition of S9 from phenobarbital-induced rat liver. The role of bacterial metabolism of the nitro group was also studied using the additional strains TA98NR and TA98/1,8DNP6. None of the compounds was active in TA1535, while only 2-nitrocarbazole and 3-nitrocarbazole presented a weak mutagenicity towards its pKM101 derivative, TA100. All four nitrocarbazole isomers were mutagenic for TA1538 and TA98, their activities decreasing in the order: 2-nitrocarbazole approximately 3-nitrocarbazole > 1-nitrocarbazole > 4-nitrocarbazole. Direct-acting mutagenicities for TA1537 were lower than for TA1538, but varied in the same order. Nitro reduction was an important step of metabolic activation of nitrocarbazoles, as indicated by the dramatic reduction of activity with TA98NR, as compared to TA98. Results obtained with TA98/1,8DNP6 showed that O-acetyltransferase was only partly required for the expression of mutagenic potency of these compounds. 2-Aminocarbazole was a weak direct-acting mutagen for TA1538 and TA98. Its activity was strongly increased in the presence of S9 mix, while 3-aminocarbazole became active in these conditions. The acetamido derivatives were consistently less mutagenic than their parent amines. These results show that nitrocarbazoles and aminocarbazoles behave as reactive frameshift mutagens, acting mainly through the formation of esterified hydroxylamines. The very low activity of 4-nitrocarbazole might be related to an orientation of the nitro group perpendicular to the aromatic ring.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Expérimentale, Centre F. Baclesse, Caen, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boissart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lechevrel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gauduchon
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Le Talaër
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lancelot
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Letois
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saturnino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rault
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robba
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000633:toxicity; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008110:Liver Extracts; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D002227:Carbazoles; D008110:Liver Extracts; D009153:Mutagens; D009574:Nitro Compounds