title: Removal of infected dual chambered transvenous pacemaker and implantation of a new epicardial dual chambered device with cardiopulmonary bypass: experience with seven cases.
abstract: Seven patients with infected transvenous dual chambered pacemakers have undergone removal of the device using cardiopulmonary bypass. There were four women and three men with a mean age of 58 years. Six patients had localized infection in the generator pocket (mean of 4.6 previous unsuccessful operations for surgical sterilization). Four infections were due to Staphylococcus epidermidis, two to Staphylococcus aureus, and one patient presented septicemia caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The atrial and ventricular transvenous electrodes were removed under direct vision using cardiopulmonary bypass. A new dual chambered epicardial pacemaker was implanted. The procedure was well-tolerated, and all patients are infection free with working pacemakers after a mean follow-up of 25.4 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Vascular Surgery, Hospital NS del Pino, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Manzano
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bolaños
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Manzano
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis; D013997:Time Factors