title: Long-term results of combined anterior and posterior convex epiphysiodesis for congenital scoliosis due to hemivertebrae.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective review of patient records with recent clinical and radiologic assessment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term result of anterior and posterior convex ephiphysiodesis in the management of congenital scoliosis resulting from fully segmented nonincarcerated hemivertebra.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Thirty patients (16 male/14 female patients) were reviewed. Follow-up was a minimum of 3 years (average, 8 years 10 months; range, 3-22.5 years). Nineteen patients were skeletally mature, and the mean age of the remaining 11 was 11.75 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical evaluation and sequential measurements of Cobb angle was made independently by two observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with preoperative values, the rate of change in Cobb angle was reversed in 23 patients, arrested or slowed in five patients, and unchanged or progressed in two patients. The annual rate of change in Cobb angle was +1.9 degrees before surgery and -1.2 degrees after surgery, a difference of 3.1 degrees. This is highly statistically significant (P < 0.001). Total correction in Cobb angle correlates with age at time of surgery (P < 0.03). The rate of correction in Cobb angle after surgery correlates with the total correction achieved (P < 0.001) and with age at time of surgery (P < 0.05). The greater correction is achieved when surgery is performed at a young age. The preoperative rate of increase in Cobb angle does not correlate with correction (P < 0.76). The site of the hemivertebrae influenced final outcome with best results in the lumbar spine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined anterior and posterior convex epiphysiodesis is a reliable method for the correction of deformity resulting from hemivertebrae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spinal Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Northfield, Birmingham, Great Britain.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sayampanathan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piggott
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed