title: Survival, developmental and morphogenic deficiencies of Parasarcophaga argyrostoma (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) induced by the biosynthesis inhibitor, chlorfluazuron (IKI-7899).
abstract: To evaluate the activity of benzoylphenyl urea chitin biosynthesis inhibitor chlorfluazuron (IKI-7899) against Parasarcophaga argyrostoma, seven doses were topically applied (once) onto early third (last) instar larvae, puparia, or newly formed pupa: 150, 100, 50, 10, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 microgram/insect. After topical treatment of last instar larvae, the highest mortality was caused by both higher doses and the lowest mortality was caused by the lowest dose. The lethal activity of IKI-7899 as pronouncedly decreased as the treatment was lately carried out (at the puparial time). IKI-7899 failed to cause cumulative mortality because no pupal or adult mortalities were observed, irrespective of the time of treatment. Treated larvae suffered the action of IKI-7899 because they had decreased weight gain. Except the lowest dose, the weight gain of larvae inversely correlated with the dose-levels. IKI-7899 prolonged not only the larval duration but also the pupal duration after topical treatment of last instar larvae with doses 50-0.25 micrograms/larva. With no exception, all doses topically applied onto puparia or newly formed pupae enhanced pupae to live longer. Topical application onto last instar larvae resulted in different degrees of reduction of pupation rate, but IKI-7899 could not affect the pupal morphogenesis after larval treatment except by its highest dose which led to 8.33% pupal deformities and 7.69% larval-pupal intermediates. The dose 100 micrograms/larva topically applied onto last instar larvae detained 7.69% of what known as "permanent larvae" which suffered the action of the compound along 16 days and eventually perished without any external feature of puparium formation. A metamorphic effect of IKI-7899 pronouncedly appeared in the adult stage. Three higher doses completely arrested the adult flies. Topical application of the compound onto prepupae did not greatly reduce the pupation rate especially at the doses 50, 10 and 1.0 micrograms/puparium. The dose 50 micrograms/puparium was only the dose halting the pupal moulting program because 7.14% of permanent prepupae remained about 12 days and then died. In respect to adult emergence, the highest dose led to zero rate and the lowest dose allowed to all pupae to emerge without malformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Al-Azhar, Egypt.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ghoneim
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004175:Diptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011679:Pupa; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; C057223:chlorfluazuron