title: Usefulness of the pain-induced functional impairment model to relate plasma levels of analgesics to their efficacy in rats.
abstract: In this work we show that the pain-induced functional impairment model (PIFIR) can be used with cannulated rats as a useful procedure for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling. This model evaluates analgesia by measuring motor impairment of the right limb after intra-articular administration of uric acid. Time of contact with a rotating cylinder is referred to the control limb. We studied the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of naproxen after six peroral doses to Wistar rats, and we examined the adjuvant action of caffeine with naproxen. Surgery and blood sampling did not produce any difference on functional impairment either in rats without uric acid or in the dysfunction produced by uric acid. The relation between naproxen plasma concentration and the analgesic effect was obtained with few rats. Caffeine alone did not produce any significant modification in functional impairment but the co-administration significantly increased the effect of naproxen. Plasma levels of naproxen did not change when caffeine was co-administered. The PIFIR model with blood sampling is a suitable method for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship studies and is specially useful to characterize drug-drug interactions.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoyo-Vadillo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Urizar
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: López-Munoz
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009288:Naproxen / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014527:Uric Acid
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D014527:Uric Acid; D002110:Caffeine; D009288:Naproxen