title: Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in amniotic fluid, maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, and intrauterine growth retardation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine if circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1, a marker of chronic inflammation, is present in amniotic fluid in midtrimester, is increased in patients with elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and is associated with intrauterine growth retardation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amniotic fluid circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunoassay in 273 samples obtained by midtrimester amniocentesis in gestations involving a single, structurally normal fetus. The control group consisted of 108 patients with normal maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and 165 patients with elevated levels. Intrauterine growth retardation was diagnosed if birth weight was < 10th percentile for the clinically estimated gestational age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was detectable in amniotic fluid in 105 of 273 samples (38%). In the control group it was detectable in amniotic fluid in seven of 108 (6%). In patients with elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein 97 of 164 (59%) had detectable levels (p < 0.001). Of the 273 cases 38 (14%) had intrauterine growth retardation. Of these 23 (59%) had detectable circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels (p < 0.001). Of the seven cases of intrauterine growth retardation with normal maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, one (14%) had detectable circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Of the 31 cases of intrauterine growth retardation with elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein 22 (71%) had detectable circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1. When circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was detectable in amniotic fluid, increasing levels was significantly related to decreasing gestational age at delivery (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midtrimester amniotic fluid from normal pregnancies does not generally contain detectable circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Detectable amniotic fluid levels are significantly related to a birth weight < 10th percentile at delivery and to elevated midtrimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Increasing circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels are related to shortened length of gestation. This test may contribute to risk assessment for intrauterine growth retardation and prematurity. Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is a known marker of inflammatory processes; its further study may also improve understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of certain cases of intrauterine growth retardation and prematurity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Danbury Hospital, CT 06810.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Salafia
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: DeVore
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mainolfi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pezzullo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rothlein
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001724:Birth Weight; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1