title: Interleukin-6 production by rat granulosa cells in vitro: effects of cytokines, follicle-stimulating hormone, and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.
abstract: In the present study we examined the influence of FSH as well as a number of well-established cytokines on interleukin (IL)-6 by rat granulosa cells in culture. Increasing concentrations of FSH, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were incubated for 48 h with undifferentiated granulosa cells obtained from diethylstilbestrol-primed immature rats. The results demonstrate that FSH, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and LPS, but not TNF alpha, caused significant concentration-dependent increases in IL-6 release. We also examined the effects of dibutyryl-cAMP, forskolin, and 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX) on IL-6 release by granulosa cells. Each of these agents caused a significant concentration-dependent increase in IL-6 production by granulosa cells in either the absence or presence of FSH. Taken together, these results show that the granulosa cell is not only a likely source of IL-6 but that the release of IL-6 can be regulated. Moreover, evidence suggests that cAMP may serve as a second messenger for the stimulated secretion of IL-6 by undifferentiated granulosa cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Gorospe
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Spangelo
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005576:Colforsin; D011374:Progesterone; D003994:Bucladesine; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine