title: Nitric oxide synthase distribution in the enteric nervous system of Hirschsprung's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hirschsprung's disease is characterized histologically by aganglionosis and functionally by impaired relaxation of the gut. Nitric oxide has recently been described pharmacologically as a major inhibitory mediator in the gut musculature in laboratory animals. The present study hypothesized that NO could be involved in motility disorders of the human gut. The aim was to study the neuronal enzyme synthetizing NO in the ganglionic and aganglionic human gut.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase histochemistry and immunohistochemistry with a specific polyclonal antiserum were used to examine NO synthase distribution in the enteric nervous system in six patients with Hirschsprung's disease and five control patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NO synthase was selectively absent in the plexus area and in the musculature of the aganglionic segments, whereas moderate staining was observed in the hypertrophied nerve bundles in the submucosa. In contrast, in the ganglionic segment NO synthase was abundantly present, in a pattern similar to that of the normal colon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest the involvement of NO in the physiopathology of Hirschsprung's disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropathology, University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vanderwinden
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: De Laet
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Schiffmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mailleux
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vanderhaeghen
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003106:Colon / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology; D005724:Ganglia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D007422:Intestines / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D009420:Nervous System / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase