title: Carpal instability non-dissociative.
abstract: A retrospective study of 45 patients with symptoms of wrist pain and weakness with clinical evidence of instability is presented. These patients had normal intrinsic interosseous ligaments demonstrated arthrographically or surgically. They were followed for a minimum of 18 months and an average of 5.8 years. All patients demonstrated instability of the proximal carpal row which is referred to as carpal instability non-dissociative (CIND). Seven patients were treated non-operatively and 38 were treated operatively. Surgical management consisted of soft tissue reconstruction directed at the area of instability in 34 cases, joint levelling osteotomy in six, three of whom also had soft tissue reconstructions, and mid-carpal fusion in one. The overall good and excellent results were a disappointing 56% and there was no significant difference between the non-surgical and surgical groups. The best results were found in the ulna-minus CIND patients who underwent a joint levelling osteotomy, with 83% good and excellent results. CIND is associated with extrinsic ligamentous laxity; however, significant difficulty exists in locating the precise areas of maximum pathology. This accounts for the unpredictable results of treatment. As our understanding of the pathomechanics of CIND improves, the treatment will become more specific and the results should improve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dobyns
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Linscheid
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Macksoud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siegert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010027:Osteotomy; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery