title: Brachial plexus palsy involving the posterior shoulder at spontaneous vaginal delivery.
abstract: Brachial plexus injuries sustained at birth have most often been attributed to the maneuvers performed when attempting to relieve a shoulder dystocia or to deliver a breech vaginally. In the case now reported, the brachial plexus injury involved the posterior shoulder. As the delivery was spontaneous and without forceps or manual rotation, with delivery effected using only the McRobert's maneuver, it is hypothesized that maternal expulsive forces in conjunction with lodging of the posterior shoulder on the sacral promontory resulted in the injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas 78236-5300, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hankins
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008297:Male; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy