title: Testicular dysfunction in systemic disease.
abstract: The testis is the most accessible endocrine organ to clinical examination and is highly responsive to environmental factors, including systemic illness. The clinical management of any disorder warrants consideration of the effects of illness and its treatment of male reproductive function. Testicular physiology and clinical evaluation are reviewed, as are the mechanisms of reproductive disruption by systemic disease. Specific diseases and disorders, including renal, liver, respiratory, neurologic, and gastrointestinal diseases, and their effects on the testes are discussed also.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Handelsman
mesh_terms: D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013737:Testis / Q000503:physiopathology*