title: A controlled seroprevalence survey of primate handlers for evidence of asymptomatic herpes B virus infection.
abstract: Herpes B virus (BV) is a common cause of recurring mucocutaneous infections in monkeys of the genus Macaca. Like its human counterpart, herpes simplex virus (HSV), BV establishes lifelong latency and can be reactivated from infected monkeys symptomatically or asymptomatically. Incidental infection of humans handling BV-shedding monkeys can result in fatal meningoencephalitis. To determine whether humans exposed to infected monkeys can acquire asymptomatic BV infections, 480 subjects were evaluated in a controlled seroprevalence study. Sera from 321 primate handlers, including many with repeated injuries inflicted by Macaca monkeys, and 159 people never exposed to monkeys were tested in blinded fashion by both competition ELISA and Western blot to determine the prevalence of BV and HSV seropositivity. Although 293 persons proved positive for HSV antibodies, no primate handlers or control subjects showed BV-specific antibody responses. There is no serologic evidence that BV causes asymptomatic infections in humans.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Freifeld
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hilliard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Southers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Savarese
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Straus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D017750:Animal Technicians; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D006568:Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine / Q000276:immunology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D011323:Primates; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral