title: In vitro activation of the 20S proteasome.
abstract: The effect of chemical compounds like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), fatty acid esters of glycerol, carnitine and coenzyme A, phospholipids, histones, polylysines as well as homobifunctional chemical cross-linkers on the various proteolytic activities of mammalian proteasomes have been tested. Most of the reagents enhance these activities, and some, e.g. fatty acid CoA esters, histones and the chemical cross-linkers, exert dual effects, i.e. activation and inhibition at the same time, depending on the activity measured. With optimally activating concentrations of SDS, no structural changes in proteasomes can be detected by electron microscopy. Formation of micelles at supra-optimal detergent concentrations may be a reason for irreversible denaturation of the proteasome.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Forschungsinstitut, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahlmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobek
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ehlers
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuehn
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006657:Histones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology; D011107:Polylysine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D051381:Rats; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006657:Histones; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010743:Phospholipids; D011107:Polylysine; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex