title: Endocarditis-associated paravalvular abscesses. Do clinical parameters predict the presence of abscess?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether standard clinical and transthoracic echocardiographic criteria considered to be suggestive of the presence of endocarditis-associated paravalvular abscess are predictive of which patients would benefit from reliable but invasive transesophageal echocardiographic investigations for abscess.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 630-bed university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients with 51 episodes of definite endocarditis and 24 paravalvular abscesses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparison of abscess and nonabscess populations revealed that clinical parameters (patient demographics, valvular involvement, presence of a prosthesis, infection with a virulent organism, pericarditis, persistent fever, persistent bacteremia, congestive heart failure, history of intravenous drug use, embolization) and transthoracic echocardiographic parameters were insensitive predictors of the presence of abscess. The only statistically significant correlate was the presence of previously undetected atrioventricular or bundle branch block. Paravalvular abscesses were common in our population and were associated with increased mortality. Improved survival correlated with the absence of mitral valve involvement and the absence of moderate-to-severe congestive heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the accuracy and safety of transesophageal echocardiography and the unreliability of clinical and transthoracic echocardiographic criteria, we recommend that transesophageal echocardiography be considered in all endocarditis patients with previously unrecognized conduction disturbances, aortic or prosthetic valve involvement, or both, or indications for valve replacement, or all of the foregoing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Karalis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilaro
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Covalesky
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mintz
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate