Rapid and constant detection of HIV antibody response in saliva of HIV-infected patients; selective distribution of anti-HIV activity in the IgG isotype.
Anti-HIV antibodies can be specifically detected with a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% in the saliva of all HIV-infected patients. A saliva collection device facilitates the sampling procedure, and if a rapid test is used, the diagnosis of infection can be established in as little as 10 min. The analysis of a group of CDC stage IV AIDS patients showed a decrease in lactoferrin (produced by the oral mucosa) in comparison with HIV-negative controls, associated with an increase in albumin (filtering from plasma), indicating an alteration of the mucosal barrier. The salivary anti-HIV-gp160 activity was largely carried by the IgG isotype whereas the salivary antibacterial activity (anti-Streptococcus sobrinus; anti-LPS from Escherichia coli) remained located in the IgA isotype as usually observed with all infectious agents. Salivary IgG carried a specific anti-gp160 activity 25-fold higher than that of serum IgG. Thus, significant local synthesis of specific IgG by oral mucosa was revealed as a characteristic of HIV infection.
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Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.
Delfraissy
J F
JF
Grangeot-Keros
L
L
Rannou
M T
MT
Pillot
J
J
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000276:immunology*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000097:blood; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000276:immunology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000276:immunology
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012709:Serum Albumin; D007781:Lactoferrin