title: Inactivation of papillomavirus by low concentrations of povidone-iodine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A recent report by Hermonat et al showed that nonoxynol 9 is completely inactive against bovine papillomavirus, which is very closely related to human papillomavirus. Finding a vaginal microbicide active against human papillomavirus to reduce the risk of sexual transmission of human papillomavirus would be desirable.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether povidone-iodine is active in vitro against bovine papillomavirus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A bovine papillomavirus-1 stock prepared by extraction of a fibropapilloma was treated with various concentrations of povidone-iodine. The virus/povidone-iodine samples were incubated at 37 degrees C for 15 minutes and then placed on contact-inhibited cells of mouse fibroblast line C127 in 10-cm tissue culture dishes for the transformation assay. At 2 weeks post-infection, oncogenic foci induced by bovine papillomavirus appeared and were counted after the cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde and stained with methylene blue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 90% inactivation of papilloma virus was demonstrated with exposure to 0.1% povidone-iodine, and 99.9% inactivation was seen at 0.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentrations of povidone-iodine that were effective in this study are lower than concentrations in available over-the-counter preparations of povidone-iodine. Additional research is needed to verify whether papillomavirus is susceptible to other, more acceptable agents. Clinical trials may be warranted to determine whether povidone-iodine or other agents would reduce the rate of sexual transmission of the human papillomavirus strains associated with cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Division, Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sokal
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hermonat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011206:Povidone-Iodine