title: Surface-modified nanocrystalline ceramics for drug delivery applications.
abstract: Drug delivery systems comprised of various types of carriers have long been the object of pharmacological investigation. The search has been stimulated by the belief that carriers will lead to reduced drug toxicity, dosage requirements, enhanced cellular targeting and improved shelf-life. Among the carriers investigated are complex polymeric carbohydrates, synthetic proteins and liposomal structures. For the past four years, we have been experimenting with a radically new class of carriers comprised of surface-modified nanocrystalline ceramics. While the ceramics provide the structural stability of a largely immutable solid, the surface modification creates a glassy molecular stabilization film to which pharmacological agents may be bound non-covalently from an aqueous phase with minimal structural denaturation. As a consequence of maintained structural integrity and owing to concentration effects afforded by the surfaces of the nanocrystalline materials, drug activity following surface immobilization is preserved. We have used successfully surface-modified nanocrystalline ceramics to deliver viral antigens for the purpose of evoking an immune response, oxygenated haemoglobin for cell respiration and insulin for carbohydrate metabolism. The theoretical principles, technical details and experimental results are reviewed. Surface-modified nanocrystalline materials offer an exciting new approach to the well-recognized challenges of drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine 90024-1732.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kossovsky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gelman
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Sponsler
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hnatyszyn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajguru
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crowder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zemanovich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D003460:Crystallization; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D002241:Carbohydrates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007328:Insulin; D046911:Macromolecular Substances