title: A novel and rapid whole-blood assay for D-dimer in patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical utility of using a novel whole blood assay for D-dimer (SimpliRED), alone or in combination with impedance plethysmography (IPG), was investigated in a two-center, prospective cohort study of 214 consecutive patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients underwent the SimpliRED D-dimer assay, contrast venography, and IPG. According to the results of venography, 43 patients had proximal DVT (popliteal and/or more proximal veins), 10 had isolated calf DVT, and 161 had DVT ruled out. The D-dimer had a sensitivity of 93% for proximal DVT and of 70% for calf DVT, an overall specificity of 77%, and a negative predictive value of 98% for proximal DVT. The sensitivity and specificity of IPG for proximal DVT were 67% and 96%, respectively. When analyzed in combination with the IPG results, it was determined that (1) the combination of a negative D-dimer and a normal IPG had a negative predictive value of 97% for all DVT and of 99% for proximal DVT and occurred in 58% of patients (likelihood ratio, 0.1) and (2) the combination of a positive D-dimer and an abnormal IPG had a positive predictive value of 93% for any DVT and of 90% for proximal DVT and occurred in 14% of patients (likelihood ratio, 42.6). When the D-dimer and IPG results were discordant, it was not possible to exclude or diagnose DVT reliably; discordant results occurred in 28% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SimpliRED D-dimer assay, which can be performed and interpreted at the bedside within 5 minutes, has great potential in patients with clinically suspected DVT, especially for ruling out DVT, and is complementary to IPG. The assay should be evaluated in large clinical management studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brill-Edwards
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panju
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Douketis
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Massicotte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirsh
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Weitz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kearon
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D