title: Ki-S1, a novel proliferative marker: flow cytometric assessment of staining in human breast carcinoma cells.
abstract: There is considerable interest in immunohistochemical markers of proliferation which are suitable for use on routinely fixed clinical material. The novel proliferation-associated antibody Ki-S1 shows promise in this respect. In this study we have: (i) defined the pattern of Ki-S1 labelling relative to the cell cycle phase; (ii) investigated the labelling pattern with Ki-S1 on a human breast cell line (ZR75) under varying proliferative conditions induced by serum deprivation and refeeding; (iii) examined in a flow cytometric study Ki-S1 staining in archival, clinical breast carcinoma samples. In exponentially growing cells Ki-S1 showed a marked cell cycle phase-specific variation in staining intensity which increased linearly through the S-phase, was high in G2 and reached its peak in mitosis. Ki-S1 staining intensity mirrored the changes in proliferative activity of ZR75 cells during serum deprivation and refeeding. In a small series of human breast carcinoma, Ki-S1 staining intensity correlated with S-phase fraction (SPF) derived from DNA profiles. The antigen labelled by Ki-S1 is extremely robust, resisting degradation by fixation and by an aggressive enzymic tissue disaggregation method. Ki-S1 warrants further investigation as a proliferation-related marker, particularly for routine clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, UMDS, St Thomas' Hospital, London.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Camplejohn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gillett
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raikundalia
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kreipe
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Parwaresch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008677:Metaphase / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D016196:S Phase / Q000502:physiology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II