title: Endothelium-derived contracting and relaxing factors contribute to hypoxic responses of pulmonary arteries.
abstract: The response of porcine pulmonary arteries to hypoxia depended on their location in the vasculature and the degree and duration of the hypoxic challenge. In rings of pulmonary artery suspended for isometric tension recording (37 degrees C, 16% O2 and 5% CO2), moderate hypoxia (10% and 4% O2) caused endothelium-dependent relaxation in distal arteries but transient endothelium-dependent contraction in proximal arteries. In both proximal and distal arteries, the initial response to anoxia (0% O2) was a transient endothelium-dependent contraction. This was followed by a slowly developing, sustained endothelium-dependent contraction in proximal arteries, or by an endothelium-independent relaxation in distal arteries. The endothelium-dependent relaxation to moderate hypoxia in distal arteries was inhibited only by combined inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)-nitric oxide (NO) synthase [N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] and cyclooxygenase (indomethacin), suggesting mediation by EDRF-NO and prostacyclin. Transient endothelium-dependent contractions to moderate hypoxia (proximal arteries) or anoxia (all arteries) were abolished by L-NAME, but the late endothelium-dependent anoxic contraction observed in proximal arteries was not reduced by L-NAME and/or indomethacin. Therefore, hypoxia/anoxia may initiate contraction of pulmonary arteries by decreasing the activity of EDRF-NO, but the contractions appear to be maintained by an increased activity of an endothelium-derived contracting factor.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kovitz
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Aleskowitch
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Flavahan
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016232:Endothelins / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D016232:Endothelins; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D000109:Acetylcholine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin