title: False elevations of alpha-fetoprotein associated with liver dysfunction in germ cell tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Determination of serum concentration human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is crucial in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with germ cell tumors. Elevation of these markers almost indicates progression or recurrence of the germ cell tumor. However, an increase in these tumor markers can be produced by several benign causes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors report nine cases of gonadal germ cell tumors that had increased serum levels of AFP without tumoral progression, recurrence, or residual tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AFP elevations were attributed to liver damage secondary to drugs (chemotherapy, anesthetics, or antiepileptics), virus, or alcoholism. No clinical evidence (or in some cases surgical evidence) of malignant tumor activity was found in any of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevation of serum levels of AFP in patients with germ cell tumors can be produced by liver dysfunction. These elevations must be interpreted with caution to avoid unnecessary treatments.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Oncologia Médica, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Germà
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llanos
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tabernero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mora
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D018240:Endodermal Sinus Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D018239:Seminoma / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D000431:Ethanol