title: Pre-irradiation chemotherapy in children with high-grade astrocytoma: tumor response to two cycles of the '8-drugs-in-1-day' regimen. A Childrens Cancer Group study, CCG-945.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to evaluate the radiographic response to two cycles of chemotherapy prior to irradiation in newly diagnosed children with high-grade astrocytomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty children less than 21 years of age with newly-diagnosed high-grade astrocytoma were treated with the 'eight-drugs-in-one-day' chemotherapy regimen as part of a phase III multi-institutional Childrens Cancer Group (CCG) trial. Computerized Tomographic (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) scans, obtained after two cycles of chemotherapy had been administered, were compared with post-operative scans to determine treatment response. Scans were evaluated by institutional radiologists, and were reviewed centrally by a single neuroradiologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 79 patients with evaluable post-operative residual tumor on CT or MRI scans, 26 (33%) were determined on institutional evaluation to have had an objective response. However, central review of scans documented responses on only 14/79 (18%). A significantly higher response rate on central review was observed for those children 36 months of age or less at study entry than for older children (33% v 11%; p < 0.001). However, a higher disease progression rate was also observed for those children 36 months of age or less than for older children (21% v 2.6%; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the largest yet reported in newly-diagnosed children with high-grade astrocytomas, the chemotherapy regimen has activity in younger children. The differences in response rates reported by institutional and central review highlight the difficulties inherent in assessing response to brain tumor therapy. However, the study does demonstrate the consistent ability of radiologists to identify disease progression within the institutional and central reviews.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Turski
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boyett
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Packer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011859:Radiography; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D008130:Lomustine; D011241:Prednisone