title: Growth control and morphogenesis in the development and pathology of arteries.
abstract: We briefly review and compare the current knowledge of growth mechanisms for the mitogenic response of endothelial cells and smooth-muscle cells to injury. For the endothelium, this focuses on the evidence that growth control involves two components: an endogenous inhibition mechanism, which can be overcome either by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or by other agents that disrupt cell-cell junctions, and a separate mechanism, which requires FGF to allow cells to respond to a mitogenic effect. The smooth-muscle cell story is more complex; however, there is evidence here as well of an endogenous inhibitory mechanism, which may be overcome by a wide variety of agents. Platelet-derived growth factor, long seen as a major mitogen, does not itself now appear to be a major mitogen in vivo. In contrast, FGF also seems to play a major role in initiating smooth-muscle replication. Other molecules, including angiotensin II, bradykinin, thrombin, and catecholamines, are beginning to appear to play major roles in control of smooth-muscle replication in vivo as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liaw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D002450:Cell Communication; D002455:Cell Division; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008934:Mitogens; D009024:Morphogenesis; D024510:Muscle Development; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D008934:Mitogens; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors