title: Inorganic cadmium increases the frequency of chemically induced chromosome aberrations in cultured mammalian cells.
abstract: The co-clastogenic effect of cadmium ion (Cd2+) was studied in Chinese hamster CHO K1 cells and excision repair-deficient human XP20SSV cells. Cd2+ at < or = 28.0 microM did not show any clastogenic effects under the experimental conditions used. Cd2+ post-treatment at < or = 3.50 microM, however, increased the number of both breakage- and exchange-type chromatid aberrations induced by mitomycin C (MMC) and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) in CHO K1 cells. Enhancement of chromosome aberrations induced by MMC was observed when CHO K1 cells were treated with Cd2+ during the G1 phase. Cd2+ was also co-clastogenic with MMC in XP20SSV cells. Its co-clastogenic effect, however, was not observed in 4NQO-treated XP20SSV cells. These results suggest that Cd2+ inhibits DNA pre-replicational repair, perhaps DNA excision repair, thereby causing co-clastogenic effects.
authors.affiliation: Biological Laboratory, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D006224:Cricetinae; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016193:G1 Phase; D006801:Humans; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D002104:Cadmium; D016685:Mitomycin; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide