title: In vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in rural areas of Côte d'Ivoire.
abstract: In vivo testing of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine was carried out in four rural sites of differing socio-geographical environment in Côte d'Ivoire. Of a total of 1282 patients of all ages with fever or previous history of fever, 649 were slide positive, with 435 patients with a pure P. falciparum infection; 191 fulfilled all the criteria for inclusion in this study, and 113 completed it. Treatment failure rates ranged from 9.7% (Djébonoua) to 38.1% (Tiéviéssou), and were most often associated with higher degrees of resistance (RII = 54.2%; RIII = 37.5%). Blood chloroquine levels measured by ELISA test suggest that many people take chloroquine routinely; furthermore 37.5% of resistance cases occurred in subjects who had high blood chloroquine concentrations on day 0. Twenty-three out of 24 cases of resistance were found in children under 7 years of age. Nearly all children with persisting parasitaemia were afebrile on day 7, even those (7/8) with RIII resistance. Children aged < 7 years represent the the best sentinel group for monitoring P. falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine in Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Wageningen Agricultural University (WAU), The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Docters van Leeuwen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zwart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Agricola
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nahounou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dossou
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Eggelte
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire / Q000453:epidemiology; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D002738:Chloroquine