title: In vitro study on the effects of fecal composition on fecapentaene kinetics in the large bowel.
abstract: Dietary factors have been shown to affect excretion of fecapentaenes, potent mutagens present in human feces. Apart from effects of the diet on the bacterial synthesis of fecapentaenes in the bowel, fecapentaene excretion is likely to be indirectly influenced by the composition of the bowel contents, in particular fecapentaene-binding or -solubilizing factors. In the present study, interactions between dietary fiber and fecapentaene-12 (FP-12), as well as the effects of bile acids and calcium on the solubility of FP-12 in aqueous solutions, have been investigated in vitro. The results demonstrated that FP-12 may strongly adsorb to fiber, as indicated by reduced concentrations in the aqueous PBS phase when increasing amounts of fiber are added. This fecapentaene-binding capacity of fiber may explain the positive correlations that have previously been found between excreted fecapentaene concentrations and fiber consumption in human population studies. Further, it was found that at concentrations physiologically occurring in feces, both cholic and deoxycholic acid as well as mixtures of bile acids may increase the aqueous solubility of FP-12. This solubilizing effect of bile acids can be reduced by adding calcium at physiological concentrations of 2.5 mg/ml. It is hypothesized that high dietary fiber intake may increase fecapentaene excretion as a result of this fecapentaene fiber adsorption, which in turn may result in diminished exposure of the human bowel epithelium to these putative initiators of colorectal cancer. In contrast, high concentrations of fecal bile acids may act as fecapentaene-solubilizing factors which increase fecapentaene bioavailability, thereby possibly resulting in increased risk for colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: de Kok
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: van Iersel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: ten Hoor
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kleinjans
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D019826:Cholic Acid; D002793:Cholic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D002523:Edible Grain; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011090:Polyenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012995:Solubility; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002793:Cholic Acids; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D009153:Mutagens; D011090:Polyenes; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; C037357:1-(1-glycero)dodeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaene; D019826:Cholic Acid; D002118:Calcium