title: Interleukin-1 alpha- and beta-, interleukin-6- and tumour necrosis factor-alpha-like immunoreactivities in chronic granulomatous skin conditions.
abstract: Paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue of chronic granulomatous skin conditions, such as cutaneous leishmaniasis, granuloma annulare, leprosy and hidroadenitis, was investigated for the presence of interleukin-1 alpha-, interleukin-1 beta-, interleukin-6- and tumour necrosis factor-alpha-like immunoreactivities among the cellular infiltrates. There was a weak to strong cytoplasmic labelling of plasma cells for interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha at the periphery of the granulomatous mass and around the skin appendages. The interleukin-6-like immunoreactivity seemed to be correlated with the coarseness of the chromatin material of the cells, being more intense with coarse chromatin. The cytoplasmic labelling for interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta in the plasma cells was less intense. Epitheloid, Langhans' giant cells and small round cells exhibited a weak to moderate cytoplasmic labelling for interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta, whereas the staining intensity for interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha was weak to strong. In addition, there was staining of the stroma in the centre of granuloma with antisera against interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. This area contained few cells, suggesting that the granuloma was in a resolution process. A contribution of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha to the granulomatous reaction, at least during the maintenance period, is suggested by the occurrence of these cytokines in the skin conditions studied. The findings are also consistent with a suggested role of B cells in the late stages of the granulomatous reaction. In addition, they are in line with the reported declining role of interleukin-1 in the maintenance of granuloma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nordlind
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schultzberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lidén
mesh_terms: D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D016460:Granuloma Annulare / Q000378:metabolism*; D016575:Hidradenitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000378:metabolism*; D007918:Leprosy / Q000378:metabolism*; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha