title: [Nonpalpable testis: current diagnostic and therapeutic trends].
abstract: Management of the nonpalpable testis often represent a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the pediatric surgeon. A variety of imaging studies may locate nonpalpable testis and include ultrasound, CT, MRI, gonadal vasography, and herniography, but none is completely reliable in locating a gonad or proving its absence. Laparoscopy has the advantage of great reliability in locating testes or proving their absence and can be coupled with surgical management; the laparoscopic findings determine the subsequent operative steps. Accurate knowledge of testis location facilitates development of an appropriate surgical strategy either laparoscopic or laparoscopic-assisted or open procedure. The Authors report their preliminary experience with laparoscopy in 30 patients (age range 2-5 years) with 34 nonpalpable testes: 18 testes were intraabdominal, 7 canalicular, 9 atrophic or absent. Out of the 18 intraabdominal testes 2 patients underwent orchiectomy (very small testes), 1 patient testis detorsion and 15 internal spermatic vessels clipping and cutting (first step of staging Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy). At the moment 8 patients, after a 8-10 months interval, underwent second staged vas-based orchidopexy with good results as judged by size and throphism of the relocated testes. An inguinal exploration has been made in 7 patients: 4 orchiectomy (hypo-atrophic testis), 3 standard orchidopexy. In 9 patients the testis were absent. In order to have a good-sized adolescent scrotal pouch, insertion of an infant-size testicular prosthesis is recommended for children with a vanishing or absent testis, if the parents agree.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Chirurgia Pediatrica, Ospedale Regionale di Vicenza, Italia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Musi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cimaglia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belloli
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012086:Reoperation; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery