title: Fatal and nonfatal hepatotoxicity associated with flutamide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and describe patients with hepatotoxicity possibly caused by flutamide, an antiandrogen drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series of reports, submitted to the Adverse Drug Event Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinics and physicians' offices in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients treated with flutamide for prostate cancer or benign prostatic hypertrophy (for Investigation of a New Drug or off-label use).
  
  
  METHODS
  Evidence of increased liver enzyme levels, hyperbilirubinemia, associated clinical symptoms, and diagnoses of cholestatic hepatitis. Autopsy reports were used when available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the time of marketing of flutamide in February 1989 through March 1991, the Food and Drug Administration received reports of 19 patients in the United States who developed serious hepatotoxicity while using flutamide. Fourteen patients had resolution of abnormal liver function test results after discontinuing or decreasing the dose of flutamide, but five patients died of progressive liver disease. Autopsy reports from three patients and abnormal pathologic results from three other patients (reported to the Food and Drug Administration or in the medical literature) showed hepatocellular necrosis and possibly cholestasis. Thorough work-ups excluded other possible causes than flutamide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flutamide appears to cause hepatotoxic effects in certain patients. Physicians should tell patients to immediately report to physicians nausea, vomiting, fatigue, jaundice, and other signs and symptoms of liver injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Wysowski
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Freiman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Tourtelot
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Horton
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D005485:Flutamide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D005485:Flutamide