title: Screening surgeons for HIV infection. A cost-effectiveness analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE. To determine the cost-effectiveness of a policy to screen surgeons for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to prevent transmission of HIV to patients having invasive procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost-effectiveness analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A one-time national screening program would identify approximately 137 surgeons with HIV infection (range, 28 to 423 surgeons) and would prevent approximately 4.3 infections (range, 1.9 to 21.3 infections) in patients treated by infected surgeons and 0.9 infections (range, 0 to 12.9 infections) in sexual partners of infected surgeons at a direct cost of $8.1 million and an induced cost of approximately $44 million. It would result in expenditures of $458,000 per year of life saved (range, $147,000 to $687,000 per year of life saved), whereas an annual screening program would result in expenditures of approximately $1.1 million per year of life saved (range, $338,000 to $1,886,000 per year of life saved). If the prevalence of HIV infection in surgeons is estimated to be three times our base-case estimate (an increase from 0.1% to 0.3%), annual screening would result in expenditures of approximately $741,000 per year of life saved. If the probability of seroconversion after a patient is exposed to a contaminated instrument is increased to 5.0% from our base-case estimate of 0.29%, an annual screening program would still cost more than $228,000 per year of life saved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening surgeons for HIV to prevent transmission of HIV to patients having invasive procedures requires expenditures per year of life saved that are considerably in excess of those of most accepted health interventions. Surveillance studies of patients treated by surgeons infected with HIV should be continued to confirm that transmission of HIV to patients having invasive procedures is rare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Nease
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D013502:General Surgery; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000191:economics / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D017757:Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics*; D010820:Physicians; D011336:Probability; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity