title: Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored or integral membrane forms of CD14 mediate identical cellular responses to endotoxin.
abstract: Endotoxin stimulates leukocytes to release cytokines that initiate septic shock in humans and animals. CD14, a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane glycoprotein, is an endotoxin receptor on leukocytes, and endotoxin binding to CD14 induces cytokine production. Here we show that glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored or integral membrane CD14 mediates identical cellular responses to endotoxin, including NF-kappa B activation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. We also show that an anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody that does not block endotoxin binding to CD14 nonetheless inhibits cell activation by endotoxin. These findings suggest that binding of endotoxin to cell-surface CD14 is followed by subsequent interactions of the endotoxin-CD14 complex with additional membrane component(s) that enable transmembrane signaling. This function of CD14 may be prototypic for other members of the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored family of proteins that do not play a primary role in signal transduction but rather are the principal ligand-binding units of membrane-bound receptor complexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kravchenko
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Kirkland
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mackman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moriarty
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leturcq
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ulevitch
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010957:Plasmids; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides