title: Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: risk due to homozygous HLA haplotypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) may occur in transfusions of blood from HLA-homozygous persons to HLA-heterozygous persons who share a haplotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two mathematical models were developed to calculate the upper and lower limit of the associated risks in various populations using a combination of serology- and DNA sequence-based HLA haplotype frequencies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For nondirected transfusion, the range of the estimated risk in United States whites is 1 of 17,700 to 39,000 (1/6,900-48,500 in Germans; 1/1,600-7,900 in Japanese). The risk in directed donation between parents and children is increased at least 21-fold for US whites, 18-fold for Germans, and 11-fold for Japanese.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For nondirected transfusions, the estimates of TA-GVHD risk derived in this model are lower than estimates of previously published models, are in better agreement with the clinical experience, and explain in part the observed discrepancy between TA-GVHD incidence in the United States and that in Japan. Most notably for US whites, the relative increase in risk in directed transfusion is larger than previously thought.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Flegel
mesh_terms: D005787:Gene Frequency; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II