title: [Clinical significance of ultrasonographic screening for Down syndrome in the second trimester].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical significance of ultrasonographic screening for the detection of Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy of Japanese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  BPD (biparietal diameter), FL (femur length), BPD/FL ratio and M/E FL (measured/expected femur length) ratio were measured in 734 normal second-trimester fetuses and 13 consecutive Down syndrome fetuses undergoing genetic amniocentesis mainly for advanced maternal age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two fetuses with Down syndrome had small BPD, three fetuses had a short femur length, four fetuses had a high BPD/FL ratio and four fetuses had a low M/E FL ratio. A cutoff value of 1.5SD below the mean value for the normal populations for BPD and FL, that of above 1.5SD for BPD/FL ratio, and that of 0.91 or less for M/E FL ratio yielded a sensitivity of 15.4, 23.1, 30.8 and 30.8% and false positive rates of 2.7, 6.0, 5.7 and 11.4%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ultrasonographic measurements of femur length for the screening of Down syndrome in the Japanese population revealed the low discriminative ability reported in recent studies conducted in Western countries. Further investigation would be necessary to apply it as the routine screening method for Down syndrome in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo Medical College.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bessho
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal