title: Safety and tolerability of the glutamate antagonist CGS 19755 (Selfotel) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Results of a phase IIa randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CGS 19755 is a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that limits neuronal damage in animal stroke models. The objectives of this multicenter (7 centers), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose phase IIa study were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of CGS 19755 and obtain pharmacokinetic and preliminary data on its efficacious dose range in patients treated within 12 hours of hemispheric ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  At each dose level, 6 patients were randomized to one or two intravenous bolus doses of CGS 19755, and 2 patients were randomized to placebo. An unblinded safety and monitoring committee-evaluated results at each dose before ascending to the next level. All patients at the first level (1 mg/kg) received two doses separated by 12 hours. The first 2 patients at 2 mg/kg received two doses, but adverse experiences occurred in both; subsequent patient groups received single doses of 2.0, 1.75, or 1.5 mg/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse experiences (agitation, hallucinations, confusion, paranoia, and delirium) occurred in all 6 patients treated with 2 mg/kg, and in 3 of 5 at 1.75 mg/kg. Similar but milder adverse experiences were noted in 4 of 7 patients at 1.5 mg/kg and 1 of 6 patients at 1.0 mg/kg. Adverse experiences began between 20 minutes and 22 hours (mean, 8 hours) after treatment and lasted 2 to 60 hours (mean, 24 hours). Mortality was 1 of 8 in patients receiving placebo and 3 of 24 in treated patients. In treated survivors, median and mean percent improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores from baseline to terminal visit (mean, 86 days) was comparable at all doses, and 95% of treated patients had Barthel Index scores of > or = 70 at the terminal visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that a single intravenous dose of 1.5 mg/kg CGS 19755 is safe and tolerable in patients with acute ischemic stroke. An efficacy trial is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grotta
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coull
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pettigrew
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: LaRue
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010875:Pipecolic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D010875:Pipecolic Acids; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C053672:selfotel