title: Dual infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of distinct envelope subtypes in humans.
abstract: Multiple genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been identified among internationally collected isolates. The HIV-1 epidemic in Thailand is largely due to B and E subtypes of virus. Dual infection with distinct HIV-1 subtypes would suggest that antiviral immunity evoked by one subtype can be incompletely protective against a second. Polymerase chain reaction typing and serologic typing were used to screen a panel of specimens from HIV-1-infected subjects in Thailand. Two persons simultaneously harbored HIV-1 of env subtypes B and E, and this was confirmed by colony hybridization with subtype-specific probes and nucleotide sequence analysis of a 630-bp fragment of gp120 from multiple molecular clones. In addition, both subtypes were identified in cocultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 1 individual. These data provide the first evidence of dual HIV-1 infection in humans and reinforce the need for polyvalent vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Artenstein
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: VanCott
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mascola
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hegerich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaywee
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanders-Buell
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Dayhoff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thitivichianlert
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments