title: Heterogeneity in localization of isoforms of TGF-beta in human retina, vitreous, and choroid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to investigate further the immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 to photoreceptors, which we had previously observed, to elucidate the cell types of origin for TGF-beta 1, and to determine sites of localization for TGF-beta 2 and beta 3 in the posterior segment of the human eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry was used to localize TGF-beta antibodies in sections from cryopreserved human posterior segments from six adult donors. Two recently described polyclonal antibodies to TGF-beta 1 (anti-CC[1-30] and anti-LC[1-30]) and antibodies against TGF-beta 2 and beta 3 were employed in this study. Other studies suggest that anti-LC(1-30) antibody recognizes pre-pro-TGF-beta 1 and therefore sites of production, while anti-CC(1-30) recognizes secreted forms of TGF-beta 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regional labeling of choriocapillaris was observed in all eyes using anti-LC(1-30) (anti-pre-pro-beta 1). Anti-CC(1-30) (anti-secr-beta 1) was localized predominantly in photoreceptor inner and outer segments in all eyes. Outer segment localization appeared identical to anti-opsin localization, indicating that this form of TGF-beta 1 is most likely intracellular. TGF-beta 2 was observed predominantly in the connective tissue of long ciliary arteries in choroid and in photoreceptor outer segments in all eyes. TGF-beta 3 was observed in isolated individual cells in choroid and retina. Vitreous hyalocytes were the only cell type examined that were immunoreactive for all four forms of TGF-beta studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The heterogeneity in localization of TGF-beta s in the human posterior eye suggests that TGF-beta s are produced, used, and degraded locally. TGF-beta 1 produced by the choriocapillaris may be stored or used by photoreceptors.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-9115.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lutty
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Merges
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Threlkeld
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: McLeod
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry; D000939:Epitopes / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000737:chemistry*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta