title: Calcification of breast implant capsules: incidence, diagnosis, and contributing factors.
abstract: From January 1990 to August 1994, more than 6000 patients with silicone-gel breast implants were clinically assessed regarding their implant status. Of these, 82 patients requested removal of their implants (150 implants). Of the 150 implants that were removed, 24 (16%) demonstrated calcified capsules. All 12 patients with calcification demonstrated this finding bilaterally. All calcified capsules demonstrated discrete calcified plaques on their inner surface. All 12 patients presented with Baker class IV contractures, with pain as their chief complaint. One patient demonstrated calcification on a routine chest radiograph. One patient demonstrated a stippled appearance on xeromammogram. Capsular calcification was related to the duration of implantation. All 6 implants that had been in place for 23 to 26 years were associated with calcification. These implants were all of the thick-walled Dacron-backed type. All thick-walled Dacron-backed implants that were removed in this study were associated with calcification. Of the 69 implants that had been inserted for 11 to 20 years, 18 (26.1%) were associated with calcification. Fifteen of these 16 implants were ruptured. None of the implants that had been in place for 10 years or less demonstrated calcification.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Wellesley Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002114:Calcinosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012828:Silicones
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones