title: Immunohistochemical evidence for flupirtine acting as an antagonist on the N-methyl-D-aspartate and homocysteic acid-induced release of GABA in the rabbit retina.
abstract: When rabbit retinas are exposed in vitro to specific excitatory amino acid receptor agonists certain GABAergic amacrine cells are activated to cause a release of GABA. The GABA that is not released can be detected by immunohistochemistry. Exposure of tissues to kainate or NMDA each caused a characteristic change in the GABA immunoreactivity. CNQX antagonised the kainate effect specifically while MK-801 counteracted the influence of NMDA. The effect produced by kainate was mimicked by domoic acid while the influence of homocysteic acid was identical with NMDA. Flupirtine alone did not influence the nature of the GABA immunoreactivity and so did not act as a kainate or NMDA agonist. However, flupirtine counteracted the influence produced by NMDA and homocysteic acid but had no effect on the kainate and domoic acid responses. Thus in this system flupirtine acts as an NMDA antagonist.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pergande
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000187:drug effects; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D006710:Homocysteine; C007956:homocysteic acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; C012301:domoic acid; C034161:flupirtine; D007608:Kainic Acid