title: Antimalarial drug induced decrease in creatinine clearance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the antimalarial drug induced increase of creatinine to determine the factors contributing to this effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 118) who have used or still use antimalarials (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine). Serum creatinines prior to antimalarials and serum creatinines during antimalarials were recorded and the creatinine clearance was estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean creatinine clearance decreased from 99 ml/min to 92 ml/min (p < 0.001) after the start of antimalarial drugs. Fifty-five percent of the patients with chloroquine compared to 15% of the patients with hydroxychloroquine (chi 2 = 17.8; p < 0.001) had more than 10% decrease of the creatinine clearance. Age (beta = 0.004; p = 0.0002) and the kind of antimalarial (beta = 0.095; p = 0.0002) were strong independent predictors of the decrease of the creatinine clearance in the multiple regression analysis. For patients using chloroquine the mean age adjusted decrease of creatinine clearance was 11.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antimalarials cause a significant reduction of the creatinine clearance. The use of chloroquine and older age were associated with decreased creatinine clearance. Whether antimalarials affect glomerular filtration or tubular excretion of creatinine remains to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Landewé
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Vergouwen
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Goeei The
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Van Rijthoven
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Breedveld
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dijkmans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D006046:Gold; D002738:Chloroquine; D003404:Creatinine; D010396:Penicillamine