title: The prevalence of chronic cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash.
abstract: METHODS
  A survey of the prevalence of cervical zygapophysial joint pain was conducted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of cervical zygapophysial joint pain in patients with chronic neck pain after whiplash.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In a significant proportion of patients with whiplash, chronic, refractory neck pain develops. Provisional data suggest many of these patients have zygapophysial joint pain, but the diagnosis has been established by single, uncontrolled diagnostic blocks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive, referred patients with chronic neck pain after whiplash injury were studied using double-blind, controlled, diagnostic blocks of the cervical zygapophysial joints. On separate occasions, the joint was blocked with either lignocaine or bupivacaine in random order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A positive diagnosis was made only if both blocks relieved the patient's pain and bupivacaine provided longer relief. Painful joints were identified in 54% of the patients (95% confidence interval, 40% to 68%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population, cervical zygapophysial joint pain was the most common source of chronic neck pain after whiplash.
authors.affiliation: Cervical Spine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barnsley
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bogduk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology