title: [Internal medicine complications of ventriculoatrial shunt].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ventriculo-atrial shunts (VASs) and ventriculo-peritoneal shunts (VPSs) are the symptomatic treatment of choice for hydrocephalus. Bacterial contamination of the atrial part of VASs (usually with Staphylococcus epidermidis) can result in further organ complications, in most instances immune complex mediated glomerulonephritis ("shunt-nephritis") or direct microbial heart valve destruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study, we analyzed clinical and laboratory data of 11 patients with VAS associated complications as well as the course of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following complications were observed: glomerulonephritis (n = 9), glomerulonephritis and aortic valve destruction (n = 1), pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension and tricuspid valve insufficiency (n = 1). Out of the 11 patients, 8 suffered from unexplained fever. All 11 patients had elevated circulating immune complexes. In 3 of 4 patients initially requiring dialysis, renal function improved which allowed to stop hemodialysis. Renal function also improved in 3 of 5 patients who presented with elevated serum creatinine. Unfortunately, the patient with multiple pulmonary embolisms and tricuspid valve insufficiency died of progressive pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis for impaired renal function is good only if the VAS infection is diagnosed early and an immediate surgical and antibiotic treatment leads to an eradication of the underlying chronic infection.
authors.affiliation: Nephrologische Abteilung, Klinikum Grosshadern der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Samtleben
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bauriedel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Götz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klare
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Henselmann
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Banthien
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gurland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies