title: The quinoline U-78036 is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
abstract: The quinoline U-78036 represents a new class of non-nucleoside human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The agent possesses excellent antiviral activity at nontoxic doses in HIV-1-infected lymphocytes grown in tissue culture. Enzymatic kinetic studies of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT)-catalyzed RNA-directed DNA polymerase function were carried out in order to determine whether the inhibitor interacts with the template-primer or deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) binding sites of the polymerase. The data were analyzed using steady-state or Briggs-Haldane kinetics assuming that the template-primer binds to the enzyme first followed by the dNTP and that the polymerase functions processively. The calculated rate constants are in agreement with this model. The results show that the inhibitor acts as a mixed to noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to both the template-primer and the dNTP binding sites of the enzyme. Hence, U-78036 inhibits the RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity of RT by interacting with a site distinct from the template-primer and dNTP binding sites. Moreover, the potency of U-78036 is dependent on the base composition of the template-primer. The equilibrium constants for various enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complexes were at least seven times lower for the poly(rC).(dG)10-catalyzed system than the one catalyzed by poly(rA).(dT)10. In addition, the inhibitor does not impair the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and the RNase H function of HIV-1 RT nor does it inhibit the RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity of the HIV-2, avian myoblastoma virus, and murine leukemia virus RT enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001.
authors.forename: I W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Althaus
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Deibel
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kezdy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Busso
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: So
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D007700:Kinetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000201:enzymology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013698:Templates, Genetic
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011804:Quinolines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C082088:1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,2-dihydro-2-quinolinecarbonitrile; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D016914:Ribonuclease H