Identification of the immunophilins capable of mediating inhibition of signal transduction by cyclosporin A and FK506: roles of calcineurin binding and cellular location.
The immunosuppressants cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 appear to block T-cell function by inhibiting the calcium-regulated phosphatase calcineurin. While multiple distinct intracellular receptors for these drugs (cyclophilins and FKBPs, collectively immunophilins) have been characterized, the functionally active ones have not been discerned. We found that overexpression of cyclophilin A or B or FKBP12 increased T-cell sensitivity to CsA or FK506, respectively, demonstrating that they are able to mediate the inhibitory effects of their respective immunosuppressants in vivo. In contrast, cyclophilin C, FKBP13, and FKBP25 had no effect. Direct comparison of the Ki of each drug-immunophilin complex for calcineurin in vitro revealed that although calcineurin binding was clearly necessary, it was not sufficient to explain the in vivo activity of the immunophilin. Subcellular localization was shown also to play a role, since gene deletions of cyclophilins B and C which changed their intracellular locations altered their activities significantly. Cyclophilin B has been shown previously to be located within calcium-containing intracellular vesicles; its ability to mediate CsA inhibition implies that certain components of the signal transduction machinery are also spatially restricted within the cell.
Bram
R J
RJ
Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Institute, Stanford University, California 94305.
Hung
D T
DT
Martin
P K
PK
Schreiber
S L
SL
Crabtree
G R
GR
D000591:Amino Acid Isomerases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001483:Base Sequence; D019703:Calcineurin; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016572:Cyclosporine; D019703:Calcineurin; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D000591:Amino Acid Isomerases; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D016559:Tacrolimus