title: Concomitant cortical expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNAs follows early response gene expression in transient focal ischemia.
abstract: The expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) mRNAs was significantly increased in the rat ischemic cortex following temporary occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (TMCAO) with reperfusion. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNAs occurred as early as 1 h after reperfusion, exhibiting a 4.6-fold increase (p < 0.05, n = 4) and 6.8-fold increase (p < 0.05, n = 4) in the ischemic cortex over control, respectively. TNF-alpha mRNA reached its peak at 3 h (8.0-fold, p < 0.05), whereas IL-1 beta mRNA reached its peak at 6 h (29.5-fold, p < 0.05). Both cytokine mRNA levels remained elevated for up to 2 d after reperfusion. In contrast to the time course of these cytokine mRNAs, c-fos and zif268 mRNAs, two early response genes, displayed a greater and earlier time-response profile. The early induction of c-fos and zif268 mRNAs in temporary brain ischemia with reperfusion suggests their roles in transcriptional regulation. The later concomitant expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta suggests that these cytokines play an important role in the inflammatory response associated with focal ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: G Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha