title: CPR and the single rescuer: at what age should you "call first" rather than "call fast"?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the age-related frequency of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in cardiac arrest supports the guideline that single rescuers should "call first" for all victims of sudden collapse older than 8 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of data on all nontraumatic cardiac arrests treated by emergency medical service (EMS) personnel in King County, Washington, between 1976 and 1992.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age, initial cardiac rhythm, witnessed versus unwitnessed status, whether patient was discharged alive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed 10,992 cardiac arrests. Initial rhythm was VF in 4,252 (40%) and non-VF in 6,740 (60%). VF frequencies were 3% (0 to 8 years old), 17% (8 to 30 years), and 42% (30 years or older).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients under age 30 were not in VF at the time of EMS evaluation. Our data suggest that a "call fast" strategy may be more effective when a single rescuer is present and the victim is between 8 and 30 years old.
authors.affiliation: Center for Evaluation of Emergency Medical Services, King County EMS Division of the Seattle-King County Department of Public Health.
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Appleton
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Graves
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D014861:Washington