title: Structure, 5'-flanking sequence, and chromosome location of the human N-formyl peptide receptor gene. A single-copy gene comprised of two exons on chromosome 19q.13.3 that yields two distinct transcripts by alternative polyadenylation.
abstract: The N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptor (fMLF-R) is a cell-surface, G-protein-coupled glycoprotein that mediates the directed locomotion of neutrophils upon binding N-formylated peptides. The fMLF-R is encoded primarily by a 1.6-kb mRNA in differentiated HL-60 and U937 cells, although larger less abundant transcripts are present. To study the origin of different fMLF-R transcripts, the genetic linkage of chemotactic receptor genes, and the regulation of fMLF-R gene expression, we determined the copy number, chromosomal location, structural organization, and 5'-flanking sequence of the human fMLF-R gene. BamHI restriction fragments derived from a human fMLF-R genomic cosmid clone were isolated, subcloned, and sequenced. These data indicate that the fMLF-R structural gene is approximately 7.5 kb in length and is comprised of two exons separated by an approximately 5.0-kb intron. The first exon encodes 66 bp of the 5'-untranslated sequence, while exon 2 encodes the coding and 3'-untranslated sequences. The genomic organization of the fMLF-R gene is similar to that of the adrenergic beta-1 and beta-2 G-protein-coupled receptor genes in that the coding sequence is contained in a single exon. The different 3'-untranslated sequences observed in fMLF-R cDNA clones are contiguous in the genomic structure, thereby indicating that these clones are derived in part by alternative polyadenylation. Southern blot analysis using human X hamster somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization indicated that the h-fMLF-R gene is located on chromosome 19q13.3. Primer extension experiments using dbcAMP-differentiated U937 RNA indicated a single transcriptional initiation site. Sequence analysis 5' of the transcriptional initiation site indicated possible cis-acting motifs that may regulate fMLF-R gene expression. These included AP-1 and CK-2 consensus sequences that bind nuclear factors of the Fos/Jun family and NF-GMb, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Haviland
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Borel
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Fleischer
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Haviland
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wetsel
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003360:Cosmids; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011061:Poly A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D011061:Poly A; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D012313:RNA