title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-like immunoreactive neuronal elements in rat hypothalamus and median eminence with special reference to morphological background of its effect on anterior pituitary--light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry.
abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-like immunoreactive (PACAP-LI) neuronal elements in the rat hypothalamus including the median eminence (ME) were investigated by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. PACAP-LI neuronal perikarya with well-developed cell organelles and dense granules were distributed mainly in the magnocellualr portion of the paraventricular nucleus and throughout the entire supraoptic nucleus. In the ME, numerous PACAP-LI neuronal processes were found in the internal layer (IL), and immunoreactive terminals containing dense granules, vesicles and mitochondria were detected around portal capillaries which penetrated into the IL from the external layer. Thereafter, PACAP is released into the portal capillaries in the IL, transported to the anterior pituitary and plays a role in the stimulation of adenylate cyclase of anterior pituitary cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichitani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yanaihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ibata
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002196:Capillaries; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008473:Median Eminence / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000098:blood supply; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: C495403:Adcyap1 protein, rat; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases