title: Efferent connections of the hypothalamic "grooming area" in the rat.
abstract: The efferent connections of the hypothalamic area, where grooming can be elicited by local electrical stimulation or injection of various substances, were studied using iontophoretic injections of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. This hypothalamic "grooming area" consists of parts of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and of the dorsal hypothalamic area. The specificity of these efferents for the hypothalamic "grooming area" was investigated by comparison with efferents of hypothalamic sites adjacent to this area. In addition, the distribution of oxytocinergic fibres was studied, since oxytocinergic neurons are present in the hypothalamic "grooming area" and oxytocin is possibly involved in grooming behaviour. The efferents of the hypothalamic "grooming area" as well as of hypothalamic sites surrounding this area and the oxytocinergic fibres studied do not form well determined bundles, but rather spread out throughout the hypothalamus. Clusters of fibres could be traced rostrally and caudally, forming diffuse fibre "streams". Three rostral, two thalamic and three caudal fibre "streams" have been distinguished along which efferent fibres innervate different brain areas. The many varicosities on labelled fibres "en passant" suggest that hypothalamic fibres are able to influence many parts of the brain along their way. The anterior periventricular area, the median preoptic nucleus, the ventral tegmental area and nucleus of the solitary tract were found to be more or less specifically innervated by hypothalamic "grooming area" fibres and oxytocinergic fibres. Other brain areas, like the septum, the medial amygdaloid nucleus, the central gray and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus were found to receive efferent projections from the hypothalamic "grooming area" and hypothalamic loci outside this area, as well as from the oxytocinergic system. Within the septum and the mesencephalic central gray, differences in the spatial organization of terminating fibres from the hypothalamic "grooming area" and hypothalamic "non-grooming" sites have been found. Fibres from the grooming area clustered in the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus, while fibres from surrounding hypothalamic loci innervated other parts of that brain area. In the central gray, fibres from the hypothalamic "grooming area" clustered in rostrodorsal and caudoventral parts. A number of brain areas, that are innervated by hypothalamic "grooming area" fibres and oxytocinergic fibres, like central gray, ventral tegmental area and the noradrenergic A5 area, have been reported previously to be involved in grooming behaviour. It is concluded from the present findings, that the hypothalamic "grooming area" has preferential connections with a number of brain sites, not shared with hypothalamic projections from outside the "grooming area".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Roeling
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Veening
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Vermelis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuys
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006120:Grooming / Q000502:physiology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000032:analysis; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; C100156:leukoagglutinins, plants; D010121:Oxytocin