title: Bladder carcinoma producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: a case report.
abstract: A 67-year-old man with squamous cell bladder carcinoma showed remarkable leukocytosis (maximum 50,300 per microliter.) for 4 months while the neoplasm recurred and metastasis progressed. The patient died of systemic metastasis within 9 months after cystectomy. Enzyme immunoassay of the serum demonstrated remarkably high levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (4,928 pg./ml.). Immunohistochemical examination with anti-granulocyte colony-stimulating factor monoclonal antibody demonstrated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production in the metastatic cancer cells in the liver. The expression of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor gene in the tumor specimens was examined by standard Northern blot analysis. Specific granulocyte colony-stimulating factor transcript was identified in the total ribonucleic acid fraction extracted from a tumor specimen of the peritoneal metastatic lesion. These results indicated that the autonomous production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in this bladder carcinoma induced paraneoplastic leukocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaoki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D015870:Gene Expression; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor