title: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay demonstrates that the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor alpha is expressed in human osteoblasts.
abstract: The 9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR) alpha, a co-regulator of the thyroid hormone and vitamin D receptors, has previously been shown to be expressed predominantly in metabolic organs such as the liver and the kidney. In this study we have used a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to examine the expression of retinoic acid (RA) nuclear receptors in primary human osteoblasts and in SaOS-2, a human osteosarcoma-derived cell line with osteoblastic characteristics. Our results demonstrate that human osteoblasts express RXR alpha, as well as the all-trans RA receptors (RAR) alpha, beta, and gamma. These data further establish bone as a major target for retinoids and suggest that RA can regulate vitamin D and thyroid hormone actions in osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kindmark
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Törmä
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ljunghall
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Melhus
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015870:Gene Expression; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA