title: The release of interleukin-8 during intravenous bolus treatment with interleukin-2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the role that interleukin-8 might play in the activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils during interleukin-2 therapy and the relationship of these phenomena to interleukin-2 induced toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study with measurements before and after the administration of interleukin-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical oncology department of a large teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and 10 with metastatic melanoma being treated in a phase 2 study of the sequential combination of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins-6 and 8 and markers of neutrophil activation (neutrophil elastase and lactoferrin) were measured in patients receiving 5 daily injections of interferon-gamma (100 micrograms/m2/day) followed by 5 days of interleukin-2 (18 x 10(6) IU/m2/day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumour necrosis factor-alpha rose from baseline levels of 32 (range, 12 to 56) to 343 (103 to 787) pg/ml 3 hours after interleukin-2 administration returning to baseline values 21 hours later. Interleukins-6 and -8 rose from baseline levels of 6 (5 to 10) and 75 (35 to 100) to 2151 (152 to 7259) and 1283 (490 to 2500) pg/ml, respectively, at 4 hours after interleukin-2 with both returning to baseline values by 24 hours. Peak levels of neutrophil elastase and lactoferrin, both markers of neutrophil activation, occurred 6 hours after interleukin-2 administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that following administration of interleukin-2 tumour necrosis factor-alpha is released followed sequentially by rises in interleukins-6 and -8. It is hypothesised that these events result in activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. These activated neutrophils may play an important role in initiating endothelial cell damage leading to the haemodynamic toxicity and the capillary leak syndrome which is typically seen following the administration of interleukin-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Baars
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wolbink
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hack
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Eerenberg-Belmer
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pinedo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wagstaff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007781:Lactoferrin; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase