title: Use and toxicity of the colony-stimulating factors.
abstract: The colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have emerged as effective drugs in a variety of clinical situations. These drugs stimulate the production and activity of haematopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo. Two members of this group, granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), have been approved in the US and Europe for use following cytotoxic chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Other uses of the CSFs include myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anaemia, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cyclic and congenital neutropenias. Although CSFs have generally been well tolerated in clinical use there are a number of theoretical concerns, including disease acceleration, biased stem cell commitment and bone marrow exhaustion. New CSFs are currently under development. Combinations of growth factors in the future may maximise effectiveness while minimising toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Hematology), Stanford University Hospital, California.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schriber
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Negrin
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019089:Stem Cell Factor
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors; D007377:Interleukin-3; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor