title: Two-year outcome following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for variceal bleeding: results in 90 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a new therapy for variceal bleeding. Immediate technical and short-term clinical results have been reported. This study was undertaken to evaluate mid-term outcome after TIPS in patients who successfully underwent the procedure for variceal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients were followed up prospectively by clinical examination and radiological shunt evaluation including Doppler sonography and transjugular portal venography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average follow-up in surviving patients was 2.2 years. The cumulative survival rate was 60% at 1 year and 51% at 2 years. The rate of cumulative rebleeding was 26% at 1 year and 32% at 2 years. A shunt abnormality was noted in all rebleeding patients. Rebleeding was successfully controlled in all but 1 of the patients who underwent shunt revision. Cumulative detection of stenosis or occlusion was 31% at 1 year and 47% at 2 years. Thirty-eight percent of shunt abnormalities were detected by routine surveillance. Percutaneous shunt revision was attempted in 22 patients and was successful in 21 (95%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although mid-term primary patency is limited in many patients by the development of a shunt stenosis or occlusion, shunt function can be maintained in most patients by careful surveillance and periodic percutaneous intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: LaBerge
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Somberg
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kerlan
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Ascher
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Simor
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011170:Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D015996:Survival Rate; D014654:Vascular Patency