title: The site of antiviral action of 3-nitrosobenzamide on the infectivity process of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes.
abstract: The C-nitroso compound 3-nitrosobenzamide, which has been shown to remove zinc from the retroviral-type zinc finger of p7NC nucleocapsid proteins, inhibits acute infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cultured human lymphocytes. The attachment of the virus to lymphocytes and the activities of critical viral enzymes, such as reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase, are not affected by 3-nitrosobenzamide. However, the process of reverse transcription to form proviral DNA is effectively abolished by the drug, identifying the mode of action of 3-nitrosobenzamide as interrupting the role of p7NC in accurate proviral DNA synthesis during the infectious phase of the virus life cycle.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702.
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McDougal
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Orloff
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Villinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oroszlan
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fesen
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004254:DNA Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000737:chemistry*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000378:metabolism; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D019426:Integrases; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014779:Virus Replication; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry; D016335:Zinc Fingers; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015683:Gene Products, gag; C071884:NCP7 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D014764:Viral Proteins; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C076039:3-nitrosobenzamide; D004254:DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; D019426:Integrases; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D016333:HIV Protease; D015032:Zinc