title: Mismatch repair gene defects in sporadic colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability.
abstract: Microsatellite instability has been observed in both sporadic and hereditary forms of colorectal cancer. In the hereditary form, this instability is generally due to germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. However, only one in ten patients with sporadic tumours exhibiting microsatellite instability had a detectable germline mutation. Moreover, only three of seven sporadic tumour cell lines with microsatellite instability had mutations in a MMR gene, and these mutations could occur somatically. These results demonstrate that tumours can acquire somatic mutations that presumably do not directly affect cell growth but result only in genetic instability. They also suggest that many sporadic tumours with microsatellite instability have alterations in genes other than the four now known to participate in MMR.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Willson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papadopolous
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peltomäki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Chapelle
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004276:DNA, Satellite / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004276:DNA, Satellite