title: Metastatic tumors to the iris in 40 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metastatic cancer to the iris is rare, and the best approaches to clinical recognition and treatment of this neoplasm are not widely known. We reviewed a series of patients with metastatic cancer to the iris and elucidated the clinical variations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment of this neoplasm.
  
  
  METHODS
  The files of the Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service were surveyed, and cases of metastatic cancer to the iris were extracted for further analysis. General data, systemic data, tumor characteristics, diagnostic methods used, treatment, and prognosis were tabulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 512 patients with uveal metastasis, the iris was involved in 40 (7.8%). The metastasis originated from breast carcinoma in 16 cases, lung carcinoma in 11, carcinoid tumor in three, melanoma in three, colonic carcinoma in two, and esophageal, laryngeal, prostate, and kidney carcinoma in one case each. In one case the primary tumor was never identified. There was no history of primary cancer in 13 (32%) of 40 patients. All iris metastases were unilateral, and secondary glaucoma was present in 15 (38%). Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the iris lesion helped to establish the diagnosis in 11 cases. Treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, achieved local tumor control in all patients. The overall mean survival was 20 months and the median survival was 13 months after diagnosis of the iris metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iris metastasis can show a spectrum of clinical variations, but its features are generally distinctive enough to differentiate it from other intraocular neoplasms and inflammations. Treatment consists of chemotherapy, which was sometimes combined with ocular irradiation. The visual prognosis was good but the systemic prognosis was generally poor.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiratli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Potter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015811:Iris Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis