title: Detection of subtle aluminum-related renal osteodystrophy.
abstract: We compared the sensitivity of aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATA) or acid solochrome azurine (ASA) for detecting bone aluminum histochemically in 87 biopsy specimens obtained between 1983 and 1987 from 84 patients receiving dialysis therapy. Two consecutive biopsy sections were stained, one with ATA and the other with ASA, and then interpreted independently by two experienced observers. Three groups were established: group 1 (N = 61) had positive results of both ATA and ASA staining, group 2 (N = 25) had negative ATA but positive ASA sections, and group 3 (N = 1) had negative results of both ATA and ASA. No significant differences existed between groups 1 and 2 for age of the patients or serum calcium or immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels. Patients in group 1 had significantly higher bone aluminium content (110 versus 61 micrograms/g dry ash weight), higher serum aluminum levels (151 versus 26 ng/ml), and longer duration of dialysis (85 versus 30 months) than did patients in group 2. Bone biopsy diagnoses (group 1 versus group 2) included low-turnover bone disease, 8 versus 7; osteomalacia, 26 versus 0; mixed uremic bone disease, 10 versus 1; hyperparathyroidism, 12 versus 14; and mild uremic bone disease, 5 versus 4. On the basis of ATA staining, 7 of 15 patients with low-turnover and 1 of 11 patients with mixed uremic bone disease may have been incorrectly diagnosed as having non-aluminum-related bone disorders. The levels of bone and serum aluminum were lower in group 2 than in group 1 but still much higher than normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Bone Histomorphometry Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Romanski
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kluge
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001312:Aurintricarboxylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D012080:Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; C020264:chromazurol B; D001312:Aurintricarboxylic Acid; D000535:Aluminum