title: Ca2+ regulation of the contractile apparatus in canine gastric smooth muscle.
abstract: 1. The relationships between cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt; expressed as a fluorescence ratio at 400 nm and 500 nm using Indo-1) and contractile force was examined in strips of circular smooth muscles of canine gastric antrum. Rhythmic increases in [Ca2+]cyt were observed and contractions were biphasic. 2. In most muscles (70%), the amplitude of the second phase of the Ca2+ transient was less than or equal to the first phase of the Ca2+ transient, but the second phase of the contraction was much smaller than the first phase, suggesting a decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity during the second contractile phase. In 30% of muscles, the amplitude of the second phase of the Ca2+ transient was 2- to 3-fold greater than the first phase. In these muscles, the second phase of contraction was 10-fold greater than the first phase of contraction. Thus, a non-linear relationship between [Ca2+]cyt and force greatly amplifies force development when [Ca2+]cyt exceeds a threshold level. 3. Acetylcholine (ACh, 0.3-1 microM) increased the amplitudes of Ca2+ transients and basal [Ca2+]cyt between phasic contractions. The increase in basal [Ca2+]cyt did not cause tone to develop. ACh increased the amplitude of Ca2+ transients 2- to 3-fold and this was associated with a 15 to 20-fold increase in the force of phasic contractions. Pentagastrin (0.5 nM) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK, 40 nM) had similar effects on Ca2+ transients and phasic contractions. 4. Bay K 8644 (0.1 microM) and TEA (5 mM) also increased the amplitudes of Ca2+ transients by 2- to 3-fold and phasic contractions by 15- to 30-fold. There was no significant difference observed between the [Ca2+]cyt-force relationships in the presence of agonists (i.e. ACh, pentagastrin and CCK) or when [Ca2+]cyt was increased by Bay K 8644 or TEA. These data suggest that agonist-dependent increases in Ca2+ sensitivity may not significantly regulate the [Ca2+]cyt-force relationship in antral muscles. 5. D600 (5 microM), added during stimulation with ACh (0.3 M), decreased [Ca2+]cyt and force without affecting the [Ca2+]cyt-force relationship. 6. Mechanisms exist for agonist-mediated enhancement of the Ca(2+)-force relationship. In alpha-toxin-permeabilized antrum, ACh (10 microM) with GTP (100 microM) or GTP gamma S (100 microM) increased the Ca(2+)-induced contraction at clamped levels of Ca2+. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu, 10 microM) also increased the contractile force at a given level of Ca2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno 89557-0046.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Gerthoffer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karaki
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Publicover
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000502:physiology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D007211:Indoles; D007477:Ions; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010418:Pentagastrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012844:Sincalide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007211:Indoles; D007477:Ions; C059587:Indo-1 pentaacetoxymethyl ester; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D010418:Pentagastrin; D012844:Sincalide; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium