title: Validation of 4-[fluorine-18]fluoro-3-iodobenzylguanidine as a positron-emitting analog of MIBG.
abstract: This study evaluates the potential utility of 4-[18F]fluoro-3-iodobenzylguanidine ([18F]FIBG) as an MIBG analog.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro assays of tracer binding were carried out using the SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cell line in a paired-label format to compare [18F]FIBG directly with no-carrier-added [125I]MIBG. To ascertain whether [18F]FIBG, like MIBG, is taken up by the uptake-1 mechanism, the effects of desipramine, norepinephrine, and carrier MIBG and FIBG on cell binding were determined. Preincubation with ouabain and incubation at 4 degrees C was used to evaluate the energy-dependence of [18F]FIBG uptake by SK-N-SH cells. The tissue distribution of [18F]FIBG in mice was compared with no-carrier-added [125I]MIBG in a paired-label study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In paired-label binding studies, the percent binding of [18F]FIBG to neuroblastoma cells remained constant over a three-log activity range and the level was somewhat higher than that of no-carrier-added [125I]MIBG. Binding was blocked by desipramine, norepinephrine, carrier MIBG and FIBG, ouabain and by incubating at 4 degrees C, suggesting that [18F]FIBG is taken up by the uptake-1 mechanism. Radiation dosimetry calculations suggest that higher doses of [18F]FIBG, unlike [124I]MIBG, could be administered to patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These in vitro and in vivo evaluations show that [18F]FIBG is an excellent analog of MIBG, suggesting that [18F]FIBG should be further evaluated for use in PET imaging of neuroendocrine tumors and cardiac abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaidyanathan
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Affleck
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zalutsky
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007462:Iodobenzenes; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007462:Iodobenzenes; C090053:(4-fluoro-3-iodobenzyl)guanidine; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine