title: Effectiveness of physician-based interventions with problem drinkers: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the results of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of brief physician interventions with problem drinkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for articles published from 1966 and 1972 respectively, with the terms "problem/controlled/responsible/moderate/risk/drink"; "advice/drink"; "physician, nurse, general practitioner"; and "random." Forty-three articles were identified in the EMBASE search and 112 articles in the MEDLINE search.
  
  
  METHODS
  All trials examining the effectiveness of interventions by physicians in reducing alcohol consumption among problem drinkers attending a health-care facility were reviewed. Trials involving subjects attending an alcohol treatment clinic and those involving interventions delivered solely by nonphysicians were excluded. Eleven trials met the final selection criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each article, two of the authors independently assigned a score from 0 to 2 on a number of criteria for validity and generalizability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four trials with the highest validity scores showed that men in the intervention groups reduced their weekly alcohol consumption by five to seven standard drinks more than the men in the control groups. Results for women were inconsistent. No convincing evidence of declines in alcohol-related morbidity among men or women was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trials support the use of brief interventions by physicians for patients with drinking problems. Although further studies are needed to determine their effect on morbidity and mortality, the public health impact of such interventions is potentially enormous. Further research is needed to determine which patients are best suited for brief interventions, the optimal intensity of treatment and which components of brief interventions are most effective. Research is also needed to establish which strategies are effective in inducing physicians to use brief interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010819:Physician's Role; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome