title: Direct tumorigenic conversion of human gallbladder carcinoma cells by v-src but not by activated c-H-ras oncogene.
abstract: The roles of activated ras and src oncogene products in the acquisition of fully neoplastic phenotype by human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cells were investigated by co-transfecting non-tumorigenic HAG-I human gallbladder carcinoma cells with the pSV2neo plasmid and a plasmid carrying either activated c-H-ras or v-src oncogene. G418-resistant clones were isolated and assessed for the acquisition of anchorage-independent growth potential. Neither the 10 established clones transfected with pSV2neo alone nor the 17 clones transfected with activated c-H-ras, including 4 clones expressing the mutated p21H-ras protein, could form colonies in soft agar. By contrast, out of 10 clones transfected with v-src, 2 formed colonies in soft agar and produced tumors in athymic nude mice, the resulting progressive neoplasms being poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. These tumorigenic clones were shown to have v-src DNA and mRNA levels with p60v-src protein, but there were no significant chromosomal alterations following tumorigenic conversion. Moreover, herbimycin A, a selective src-kinase inhibitor, markedly reduced clonogenic growth of these cells in soft agar rather than monolayer growth, suggesting that anchorage-independent growth of the v-src-transformed HAG-I cells might be driven directly by p60v-src kinase activity. Taken together, our data suggest that the fully neoplastic conversion of HAG-I cells depends on src-related tyrosine-kinase activity, but not solely on the function mediated by activated ras, thus providing evidence of an src-related signaling pathway for the acquisition of tumorigenic potential by human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cells.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatsumoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Esaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niho
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D011905:Genes, ras; D016391:Genes, src; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007621:Karyotyping; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010641:Phenotype; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D011809:Quinones; D017828:Rifabutin; C020754:herbimycin; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases