title: Lessons learned from a prospective meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the unique aspects of and the lessons learned in planning and conducting a pooled analysis of multiple trials evaluating interventions to reduce functional decline in hospitalized older persons. Specific examples from the Hospital Outcomes Project for the Elderly (HOPE) meta-analysis are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective meta-analysis (PMA) that compiled and pooled data from concurrently conducted clinical trials testing related but distinct interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Data Coordinating Center for the prospective meta-analysis coordinated the collection and analysis of common outcome data from five university-affiliated hospitals and one community hospital conducting the clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acutely ill hospitalized elderly participants at least 65 to 75 years old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatments being evaluated included exercise, physical therapy, a multidisciplinary geriatric care unit, a multidisciplinary in-hospital intervention with post-discharge care, a nursing-based geriatric care program, and a program to improve detection and evaluation of delirious patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prospective meta-analysis provides selected advantages over independently conducted clinical trials and retrospective meta-analyses. It does, however, pose special design and operational challenges that must be addressed well before initiation of the individual trials. Specific issues of concern include: maintaining scientific integrity of both the individual trials and the PMA; reaching consensus on PMA goals, what data to collect, how and when to collect them and how to maintain uniformly high quality data across all sites; defining the role of the Data Coordinating Center in a multicenter project that utilizes different trials and protocols; and establishing policies concerning analyses of the pooled data, publication of pooled analyses, and ownership of the pooled database.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1063, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Margitić
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sager
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Furberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003625:Data Collection; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005853:Geriatrics; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010067:Ownership; D010934:Planning Techniques; D011446:Prospective Studies