title: Corn oil and beef tallow elicit different postprandial responses in triglycerides and cholesterol, but similar changes in constituents of high-density lipoprotein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was designed to compare, in a homogeneous, normolipidemic population, the postprandial responses of plasma lipids, in particular, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) constituents, after administration of a polyunsaturated fat and a more saturated fat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emulsions of 100 g corn oil (CO) and 100 g beef tallow (BT) were given in a crossover protocol to 12 male subjects (21-24 years). Plasma cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and HDL lipid and protein constituents were measured at 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A postprandial increase in TG at 2 hours after CO ingestion (96%) was twice that with BT (48%); TG returned to near fasting levels at 10 hours after ingestion of either fat. Areas under the TG response curves for CO and BT were 6.29 +/- 1.67 and 1.75 +/- 0.60 mmol x hour/L (mean +/- SE), respectively. TC and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were unchanged at 10 hours after CO ingestion, but they were increased 8.1% and 9.3%, respectively, with BT. Both fats increased HDL TG at 2-4 hours, and both similarly increased HDL free cholesterol, cholesterol ester, phospholipid, apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, and lipoprotein (A-I) levels at 7-10 hours. Changes in HDL were predominantly in HDL3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in LDL-C with BT at 10 hours suggests that levels may be abnormally elevated in "fasting" samples, dependent on the amount and type of fat in a prior meal. The increase in LDL-C is consistent with short-term regulation of hepatic LDL-receptor activity and/or LDL synthesis. Similar increases in HDL constituents at 7-10 hours after CO or BT, despite the difference in TG responses, suggests differences in the metabolism of chylomicrons and/or HDL due to the type of fat ingested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Muesing
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000378:metabolism; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004655:Emulsions; D005223:Fats; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004655:Emulsions; D005223:Fats; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D003314:Corn Oil; D002784:Cholesterol; C013698:tallow