title: Effect of nimodipine, diltiazem and BAY K 8644 on the behavioural and neurochemical changes associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in the rat. A comparison with clonidine.
abstract: 1. Nimodipine, diltiazem and BAY K 8644 decreased the incidence of wet dog shakes, teeth chattering, grooming and diarrhoea to a similar degree of clonidine. 2. Nimodipine, diltiazem and BAY K 8644 had no effect on changes in the serotonin metabolism induced by naloxone precipitated abstinence syndrome. 3. Clonidine decreased the ratio of serotonin turnover in the brain of morphine-dependent rats. 4. From these experiments it is concluded that nimodipine, diltiazem and BAY K 8644 exert their effects in preventing morphine withdrawal symptoms through a mechanism independent of the serotonergic system.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Colado
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alfaro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Del Val
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009021:Morphine Dependence / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D009270:Naloxone; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D009553:Nimodipine; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D004110:Diltiazem; D003000:Clonidine