title: Similarity of folate receptor expression in UMSCC 38 cells to squamous cell carcinoma differentiation markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The folate receptor is a 38 to 39 kd glycoprotein attached to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. It serves as the initiation point for receptor-coupled transport of folate in a process known as potocytosis. The receptor is overproduced by a number of malignant cell lines in vitro and in a large percentage of ovarian and uterine malignancies. Immunohistochemistry has shown the receptor to be expressed primarily in normal differentiated tissues such as choroid plexus, placenta, thyroid, and kidney. The receptor gene(s) has been mapped to the human chromosomal locus 11q13.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In order to better understand regulation of the synthesis of the receptor, we studied the expression and accumulation of the folate receptor in UMSCC 38 cells, a human malignant squamous cell carcinoma line with a karyotype that is amplified at the folate receptor gene locus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Western blot analysis of octylglucoside-solubilized cell membranes was used to analyze expression of several proteins by UMSCC 38 cells grown in culture under varied conditions. Bands on autoradiographs, representing electrophoresed proteins detected by indirect antibody labeling and an enhanced chemiluminescence reaction, were quantitated by densitometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of the folate receptor was found to increase approximately fourfold as UMSCC 38 cells were grown to higher cell densities over increasing lengths of time, ranging from 3 to 9 days, in culture. The expression of K1 keratin protein, a known marker of differentiation in squamous cell carcinomas, was elevated to a similar degree (3.2-fold) between day 5 and day 9 in cultures of these cells. Expression of folate-receptor protein in UMSCC 38 cells was also found to be reduced approximately 10-fold when cells were exposed to 1 microM retinoic acid for 48 hours and increased approximately eightfold after a 5-day exposure to 3 microM hydrocortisone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present evidence that synthesis of the folate receptor in UMSCC 38 cells is affected by the same pathway that changes the expression of some markers of differentiation in squamous cell carcinomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fact that folate receptor expression in these malignant cells can be manipulated using retinoids and steroids suggests that these hormones could modulate the efficiency of folate and antifolate uptake via the folate receptor and may enhance the usefulness of the receptor as a target for immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kreisler
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kamen
mesh_terms: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014212:Tretinoin; D005492:Folic Acid; D006854:Hydrocortisone