title: Plasma extravasation in the rat trachea induced by cold air is mediated by tachykinin release from sensory nerves.
abstract: Cold air was delivered to anesthetized, artificially ventilated, pathogen-free F344 rats via a tracheal cannula. Inhalation of cold air increased Evans blue dye extravasation in the trachea in a time-dependent (1 to 10 min) manner. Plasma extravasation increased after 3 min exposure to cold air and reached a maximum after 10 min exposure. The neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, phosphoramidon (2.5 mg/kg, intravenously), increased by 84% the plasma extravasation induced by inhalation of cold air for 1 min. The plasma extravasation evoked by 5 min exposure to cold air was abolished by the NK1 tachykinin receptor antagonist, CP-99,994 (4 mg/kg, intravenously); was reduced 30% by the B2 bradykinin receptor antagonist, HOE140 (0.1 mumol/kg, intravenously); and was not affected by H1 (pyrilamine, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or H2 (cimetidine, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) histamine receptor antagonists or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mg/kg, intravenously). In rats infected with Sendai virus, plasma extravasation evoked by inhalation of cold air was greater than in pathogen-free rats. Pretreatment with CP-99,994 (4 mg/kg, intravenously) inhibited completely the plasma extravasation induced by cold air in virus-infected rats. These findings indicate that cold air increases plasma extravasation in the rat trachea by a neurogenic mechanism that involves the release of tachykinins from sensory nerves. Kinin release may also play a role in this neurogenic inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco 94143-0130.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamawaki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geppetti
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Ricciardolo
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Massion
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nadel
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005070:Evans Blue / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; D015287:Neurokinin B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000378:metabolism*; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014132:Trachea / Q000294:innervation*; D014136:Tracheitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005070:Evans Blue; D015287:Neurokinin B