title: Activating and inhibitory heparin sequences for FGF-2 (basic FGF). Distinct requirements for FGF-1, FGF-2, and FGF-4.
abstract: Chlorate-treated Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, with impaired synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, were used as target cells in assessing the ability of exogenous heparin-derived saccharides to promote the mitogenic activity of basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Full-size native heparin (carrying iduronosyl 2-O-sulfate and glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfate groups), as well as a dodecasaccharide fraction isolated after limited deaminative cleavage of heparin, were efficient promoters, whereas the corresponding decasaccharides, or smaller oligosaccharides, were inactive. Neither selectively 2-O-desulfated nor preferentially 6-O-desulfated heparin were active. However, the latter derivative competed with native heparin for binding to FGF-2 and thus blocked the ability of native heparin to promote the mitogenic activity of FGF-2. The 6-O-desulfated heparin also prevented the ability of FGF-2 to suppress myogenic differentiation in MM14 mouse myoblasts. The binding region for FGF-2 has been identified as a pentasaccharide sequence containing a single essential O-sulfate group, at C2 of iduronic acid (1). It is proposed that the dodecasaccharide sequence required to promote receptor signaling by FGF-2 encompasses this pentasaccharide region, which binds the growth factor, and a site interacting with the receptor that contains essential 2-O- and 6-O-sulfate groups. Similar studies involving the related growth factors, FGF-1 and FGF-4, revealed differential effects of saccharides. The mitogenic effect induced by FGF-1 thus was not blocked by either the 2-O- or the 6-O-desulfated heparins. However, both of these derivatives, at high concentrations, promote mitogenic activity of FGF-4. It is concluded that specific saccharide sequences within heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains favor the signaling by distinct members of the FGF family.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guimond
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccarana
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Olwin
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rapraeger
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051519:Fibroblast Growth Factor 4; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C496445:FGF4 protein, human; C496446:Fgf4 protein, mouse; D051519:Fibroblast Growth Factor 4; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006493:Heparin