title: Transforming growth factor-beta inhibits E-selectin expression on human endothelial cells.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a pleiotropic cytokine that is elaborated in the active form upon co-culture of endothelial cells and pericytes or smooth muscle cells, has been shown to decrease the adhesiveness of endothelial cells for neutrophils, lymphocytes, and tumor cells. The mechanism whereby TGF-beta inhibits the adhesiveness of human endothelial cells was investigated. TGF-beta inhibited the basal E-selectin (formerly ELAM-1) expression by 55 +/- 7% and TNF-stimulated expression by 57 +/- 4%. Similar decreases of IL-1-stimulated expression were also seen. Peak inhibition was seen at TGF-beta doses between 0.2 and 2 ng/ml. Both TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2 were functional. The effectiveness of TGF-beta in inhibiting E-selectin expression was dependent on cell density and incubation time. TGF-beta also inhibited E-selectin mRNA levels in endothelial cells. TGF-beta had no effect on the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, but was additive with IL-4 in inhibiting the expression of E-selectin. The expression of E-selectin has been shown to mediate several aspects of the inflammatory response involving neutrophils and memory T lymphocytes. Perivascular TGF-beta appears to act as an inhibitor of the expression of the endothelium-specific selectin, E-selectin, and therefore of inflammatory responses involving neutrophils and (a subset of) lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Hanson Centre for Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khew-Goodall
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vadas
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019040:E-Selectin; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D015847:Interleukin-4