title: A comparison of the effects of assist-control, SIMV, and SIMV with pressure support on ventilation, oxygen consumption, and ventilatory equivalent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the ventilatory efficiency of different modes of mechanical ventilation used to achieve full ventilatory support in normal subjects. Modes compared were assist-control, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), and SIMV with 10 cm H2O (0.98 kPA) of pressure support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized blocks repeated measures design. Subjects served as their own controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university affiliated pulmonary laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy volunteers, aged 31-54 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Minute volume, respiratory rate, average tidal volume, oxygen consumption, and ventilatory equivalent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline spontaneous ventilation data collection was followed by mechanical ventilation by mouthpiece in each of three modes in a random sequence. All modes used a machine set rate of 12 breaths per minute, VT of 10 cc/kg of ideal body weight, inspiratory time of 1 second, square wave flow pattern and a sensitivity of -1 cm H2O (-0.09806 kPa) to achieve full ventilatory support. Data were collected continuously for 5 minutes and the mean values were reported. Ventilatory equivalent for oxygen is a measure of the efficiency of the ventilatory pump at various work loads and was calculated by dividing VE (BTPS) by the VO2 (STPD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences by mode of mechanical ventilation in average tidal volume (p = 0.02), minute volume (p = 0.02), oxygen consumption (p = 0.04), and ventilatory equivalent (p = 0.01) using ANOVA. There was no significant difference (p = 0.66) by mode of ventilation in respiratory rate. Pairwise follow-up comparisons for these variables found that SIMV with pressure support produced a significantly greater average tidal volume, minute volume, oxygen consumption, and ventilatory equivalent than SIMV alone. SIMV with pressure support also produced a significantly greater minute volume and ventilatory equivalent than assist-control. There were no significant differences between assist-control and SIMV. All three modes produced a lower ventilatory equivalent and higher oxygen consumption than spontaneous breathing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SIMV with pressure support significantly increased minute volume and ventilatory equivalent when compared with assist-control or SIMV alone, and thus was the most efficient mode of full ventilatory support for our subjects. We found no difference in ventilatory efficiency between assist-control and SIMV. All three mechanical modes were less efficient for our subjects than spontaneous breathing. The inspiratory time of 1 second used in this study, although common in clinical practice, may be inadequate for some patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Care, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284-7784, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Shelledy
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomas-Goodfellow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007385:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013990:Tidal Volume