title: Anticonvulsant properties of calcium channel blockers in mice: N-methyl-D-,L-aspartate- and Bay K 8644-induced convulsions are potently blocked by the dihydropyridines.
abstract: Ten calcium channel blockers were evaluated in mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration for prevention of seizures induced by various convulsants. The dihydropyridines (class II calcium antagonists, i.e., nisoldipine, nitrendipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, and nimodipine) selectively prevented seizures elicited by administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMDLA) and the dihydropyridine calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644. With regard to prevention of NMDLA-induced seizures and the subsequent mortality, these compounds were similar in potency to the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK801. Unlike MK801 (IC50 = 0.014 microM), the dihydropyridines did not inhibit in vitro binding of MK801 to synaptic membrane fractions prepared from rat cerebrohippocampal tissue. The dihydropyridines did not influence seizures elicited by maximal electroshock (MES). Flunarizine (diphenyl-alkylamine, class IV) was selectively active in the MES test, considerably less potent against NMDLA-induced convulsions/mortality, exhibited weak noncompetitive NMDA antagonism in vitro (IC50 = 28 microM), and was inactive in the PTZ and BAY K 8644 testing paradigms. Diltiazem, a class III benzothiazepine, possessed relatively weak broad spectra of activity against MES, PTZ, NMDLA, and BAY K 8644 test situations. It was inactive in vitro as a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist. The class I compound verapamil (phenylalkylamine) displayed only moderate inhibition of NMDLA-evoked seizures/mortality. Prenylamine (class V) was moderately active against convulsions produced by MES and NMDLA while retaining a degree (IC50 = 16 microM) of noncompetitive NMDA antagonism. Lidoflazine (class VI) was inactive in all tests. The Ca2+ channel blockers and MK801 were inconsistent in their ability to prevent bicuculline (BIC)-elicited convulsions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: CNS Biology, Fisons Pharmaceuticals, Divisional R&D, Rochester, New York.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stagnitto
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Garske
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004597:Electroshock; D005444:Flunarizine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D005444:Flunarizine; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole