title: Comparison of bacteria growth in single and pooled platelet concentrates after deliberate inoculation and storage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability to store pools of platelet concentrates (PCs) for extended periods would provide logistical flexibility. However, reports of severe adverse reactions due to the transfusion of contaminated PCs led to an examination of whether the total bacteria levels after storage of pools containing a deliberately inoculated platelet unit would be significantly different than the levels in paired unpooled concentrates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single PC was deliberately inoculated on Day 0 with one of three bacterial species (0.1-8.0 colony-forming units/mL). On Day 1, the deliberately inoculated PC was divided into three equal parts and either 1) pooled with 5 half-volume, ABO- and Rh-identical PCs; 2) similarly pooled and white cell reduced; or 3) kept as a control. Sterile connections were used during pooling; modified storage containers were used to ensure the correct surface-to-volume ratio of the single unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between Day 2 and Day 5 of storage, in 26 of 36 paired samples, nonfiltered pools containing Escherichia coli had greater total numbers of bacteria than did the paired single PCs. Day 2 pools had total bacteria levels approximately five times higher (colony-forming units/mL x container volume) than those in single units (p < 0.05). There was rapid growth of Staphylococcus aureus by Day 2 in pooled and unpooled PCs; by Day 3, total bacteria levels were approximately five times higher in pools than in single units (p < 0.05). Between Days 3 and 5 of storage, in 23 of 27 paired samples, nonfiltered pools containing S. aureus had greater total bacteria levels than the single PCs. By Day 5, 15 of 16 non-white-cell reduced pools had total levels of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria approximately five times those in the paired single PCs. Greater total bacteria levels in pooled units than in single units generally occurred when bacteria in pools reached the stationary phase of growth (when bacteria concentration became constant), and they were well correlated with the sixfold volume of pooled units. White cell reduction did not substantially affect the time required to attain stationary phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential during storage for greater total bacteria levels in pools than in single PCs is a consequence of the greater volume of the pool.
authors.affiliation: Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross Blood Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moroff
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000382:microbiology*; D001793:Blood Preservation; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007937:Leukapheresis; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors