title: A simple classification of lymph node level in gastric carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because insufficient lymph node examination can cause erroneous listing of earlier-nodal-stage gastric carcinoma (stage migration phenomenon), surgical results must be evaluated based on a highly accurate examination of the dissected lymph nodes. To establish a simple and useful classification of lymph node level, we analyzed the frequency and distribution of lymph node metastasis by using curatively treated node-positive gastric carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various clinicopathologic data were analyzed with reference to the degree of lymph node metastasis by using 240 patients with curatively resected node-positive gastric carcinoma. The cases were divided into the following three groups: 142 with positive level I (perigastric) nodes, 71 with positive level II (intermediate) nodes, and 27 with positive level III (distant) nodes, irrespective of the location of tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of lymph node metastasis clearly correlated with the survival of patients, with the 5-year survival rates for level I, II, and III cases being 67%, 35%, and 26%, respectively (P < 0.01). The degree of lymph node metastasis was determined by the number of positive nodes (P < 0.01), the depth of invasion (P < 0.01), the size of tumors (P < 0.01), and the location of tumors (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This simple classification of lymph node level (level I, II, and III) is useful for the evaluation and prediction of surgical results in gastric carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D002445:Celiac Artery / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000473:pathology; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011708:Pylorus / Q000473:pathology; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate