title: Meal energy density as a determinant of postprandial gastrointestinal adaptation in man.
abstract: The relationships between the meal energy density and postprandial gastric emptying, intestinal propulsion and absorption, and pancreaticobiliary secretions were investigated. Nine different 300-ml liquid test meals with energy densities ranging from 2.5 to 7.2 MJ l-1 were studied by means of a multiple-indicator dilution technique. The higher the energy density of the meal, the slower the gastric emptying of the test meal marker (P < 0.01). Despite slowing of gastric emptying of the meal marker the higher the energy density of the meal, the more energy was emptied to the duodenum during the 1st h after meal intake (P < 0.01). The small-intestinal transit time for the mid-portion of the meal correlated positively with energy density of the test meal (P < 0.05). Despite the prolonged time for transit through the jejunal test segment after meals with high energy density, the fractional absorption of energy varied only 50-70%, with no correlation to the energy density of the meal. As a consequence, more energy passed unabsorbed from the test segment to lower parts of the intestine after meals with high energy density (P < 0.05). We conclude that the energy density of a liquid meal is a strong determinant for the subsequent gastrointestinal adaptation. This relates not only to gastric emptying but also to intestinal transit and absorption of nutrients. The early onset of regulation suggests a role for the gastrointestinal tract in modulating the availability of systemic energy, which might be of importance for short-term regulation of food intake.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wisén
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000681:Amylases; D001663:Bilirubin