title: Nitric oxide synthase is not a constituent of the antimicrobial armature of human mononuclear phagocytes.
abstract: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has received immense interest as an antimicrobial and antitumoral effector system of mononuclear phagocytes from rodents. Because there is increasing doubt that an analogous system exists in human macrophages, NOS was reexamined in these cells. Under tightly controlled conditions, with murine macrophages as positive controls, human macrophages failed to secrete nitric oxide (< 0.1 mumol/10(6) cells/24 h), even after activation with endotoxin, interferon-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, bacteria, or proliferating lymphocytes. The discrepancy between murine and human macrophages depended on neither the anatomic source (blood, peritoneum), the agent used for activation, nor the duration of activation. NOS activity was paralleled by metabolization of L-arginine to L-citrulline. Exogenous tetrahydrobiopterin, an essential cofactor of NOS not synthesized by human macrophages, did not support NOS activity in human macrophages. Also, no NOS activity was found in cellular subfractions of human macrophages. It appears that in humans, the inducible high-output NOS is not conserved as an antimicrobial system of macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Zurich Medical School, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneemann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schoedon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blau
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaffner
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D001708:Biopterins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C003402:sapropterin