title: Abnormal prothrombin: evaluation as a tumour marker and localization in tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: In this study, the diagnostic significance of PIVKA-II concentrations in various liver diseases was evaluated, and the use of PIVKA-II as a tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was discussed. Also, the location of abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-II) production in HCC by indirect immunoperoxidase staining was examined. There was a good correlation between plasma and serum PIVKA-II concentrations, indicating that serum samples are adequate for PIVKA-II measurements. Fifty-four of 97 (55.7%) patients with HCC, one of 10 (10%) patients with metastatic liver cancer and two of 47 (4.3%) patients with liver cirrhosis had positive serum PIVKA-II concentrations. Positive serum PIVKA-II concentrations were found more frequently in patients with HCC than in any other liver disease (P < 0.01). Of the 97 patients with HCC, 54 (55.7%) were PIVKA-II positive, 76.3% had serum concentrations of either PIVKA-II or alpha-fetoprotein, indicating the usefulness of both tumour markers in the diagnosis of HCC. Using frozen sections of tissue specimens obtained at autopsy or during surgery, the localization of PIVKA-II was examined by indirect immunoperoxidase staining with specific anti-PIVKA-II antibodies. Tissues from 12 of 22 patients with HCC had positive PIVKA-II indirect immunoperoxidase staining only in the cancer cells. Cells with greater atypia tended to have stronger cytoplasmic staining. No specific staining was observed in non-cancerous cells. These findings suggest that PIVKA-II is synthesized specifically in hepatic cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Research, Kure National Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakaba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kurimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis*; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011498:Protein Precursors; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D011516:Prothrombin