title: Type VII collagen gene expression in human umbilical tissue and cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type VII collagen is a minor collagen found in anchoring fibrils. It is expressed predominantly by keratinocytes. In this study, we report the localization and spatial distribution of type VII collagen gene expression in the human umbilical cord, a fetal-derived tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human umbilical cords were examined in indirect immunofluorescence studies, employing a mouse monoclonal anti-human type VII collagen antibody. Endothelial cells were cultured from the vein and grown on chamber slides for the detection of type VII collagen epitopes. In addition, cultured human umbilical vein cells were analyzed by Northern transfer analysis and by polymerase chain reaction for the expression of the corresponding gene. Fibroblast-like cells were isolated from the Wharton's jelly and were analyzed similarly for type VII collagen expression as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate that type VII collagen is expressed by human umbilical tissue and cells. Indirect immunofluorescence studies demonstrate the presence of type VII collagen epitopes in the epithelium surrounding a connective tissue region known as Wharton's jelly. In addition, there was low but detectable immunofluorescence signal associated with endothelial cells of blood vessels within the umbilical cord. In vitro, the fibroblast-like cells cultured from the Wharton's jelly showed prominent type VII collagen signal. This result was supported by the finding of high level of type VII collagen mRNA in these cells. The human endothelial cells from the vein demonstrated weak but detectable staining for type VII collagen, and the corresponding gene expression was shown by polymerase chain reaction analysis of the mRNA of the endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that umbilical tissue and cells, specifically those from the Wharton's jelly, are relatively enriched in type VII collagen. There is differential spatial localization of this collagen in the fetal tissue. The novel finding is that cells, other than epithelial cells such as keratinocytes, are able to express the type VII collagen gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ryynänen
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffren
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Woodley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sollberg
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011061:Poly A / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011061:Poly A; D012313:RNA; D003094:Collagen