title: Left ventricular malposition of a transvenous cardioverter defibrillator lead: a case report.
abstract: A case of left ventricular endocardial malposition of a transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead through a patent foramen ovale is presented. Diagnostic modalities include lateral chest radiography, echocardiography, and electrocardiographic analysis during lead placement. The operative therapy consists of open lead replacement. Measures to avoid lead misplacement are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Wuppertal City Hospital, Barmen Division, Germany.
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Splittgerber
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ulbricht
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Reifschneider
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gülker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minale
mesh_terms: D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004452:Echocardiography; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic