title: Neither cholecystokinin nor galanin modulate intrathecal clonidine-induced depression of the nociceptive flexor reflex in the rat.
abstract: Previous studies have established that the antinociceptive effect of morphine was subjected to peptidergic modulation at spinal level. Intrathecal (i.t.) galanin (GAL) potentiated morphine-induced analgesia, whereas i.t. cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonized morphine's hypoalgesic effect. In the present study, we examined the possible interaction between GAL, CCK and clonidine, an alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist and potent spinal antinociceptive agent, in the spinal nociceptive flexor reflex. I.t. clonidine dose-dependently depressed the flexor reflex similarly to i.t. morphine. However, unlike morphine, the reflex depressive effect of i.t. clonidine was neither potentiated by i.t. GAL nor blocked by i.t. CCK. The present results suggested that the analgesia elicited by activation of spinal alpha 2 adrenoceptors is not subjected to the modulatory effect of CCK and GAL and therefore may be mediated through different mechanisms than opioids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wiesenfeld-Hallin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D019004:Galanin; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D009020:Morphine; D019004:Galanin; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D003000:Clonidine