title: Safety, effectiveness and ease of use of a non-reusable syringe in a developing country immunization programme.
abstract: Unsterile needles and syringes may transmit blood-borne infectious agents such as HIV and hepatitis B virus. The emergence of these diseases as major public health concerns and the risk of nosocomial transmission has heightened interest in the development of single-use injection devices. WHO and UNICEF embarked on a programme to develop and introduce these devices in 1987. We report on a field trial in Karachi, Pakistan, of the SoloShot (SS) plastic disposable syringe, which has a metal clip in the syringe barrel to prevent second-time withdrawal of the plunger. A conventional disposable syringe (CS) was used as a comparison. We observed 48 vaccinators giving 2400 injections with the SS and 1440 with the CS; 98.7% of SS performed as designed. The average volume required per delivered dose was comparable for the two syringes and was delivered more quickly with SS. Training and experience had a small but statistically significant effect on several aspects of SS use. Vaccinators who indicated a syringe preference preferred SS on 7 out of 9 indicators. SS is safe and effective in preventing reuse and is easier and quicker to use than the CS. Vaccinators require little, if any, special training. It could directly replace disposable syringes in expanded programmes on immunization (EPI) in countries where use of unsterile disposable devices occurs or when sterilization is not practical.
authors.affiliation: Resources for Child Health (REACH) (John Snow, Inc.), Arlington, VA 22209, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steinglass
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabowsky
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Laghari
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qavi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013594:Syringes