title: Over-the-counter sleep aids: widely used but rarely studied.
abstract: Over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aids are used in greater proportions than benzodiazepines for the treatment of sleep problems, yet limited research has focused on these nonprescription drugs. This article reports the results of two studies that examined the use of OTC sleep aids and alcohol for sleep problems by university students. Of those subjects in both studies who reported sleep problems 1 day per month or more, 6.4% of men and 11.4% of women reported using OTC sleep aids, however, a significantly greater percentage of men reported using alcohol to induce sleep (23.4% vs. 10.9%, p < .008). Future studies on OTC sleep aids are recommended to address a broader range of issues such as potential side effects and at-risk populations, tolerance effects, and individual differences in responsiveness and sensitivity to these drugs.
authors.affiliation: Program in Bio-behavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802-6508.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pillitteri
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Person
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Spear
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs