Regulation of the L-arginine-dependent and tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent biosynthesis of nitric oxide in murine macrophages.
Nitric oxide is a recently discovered biomolecule with a broad range of actions. The present study investigated the regulation of nitric oxide synthase activity by dexamethasone and the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin in murine macrophages. The influence of the tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis inhibitors 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine, an inhibitor of GTP cyclohydrolase I, and phenprocoumon, an inhibitor of sepiapterin reductase, on the synthesis of nitric oxide was investigated. Dexamethasone decreased the nitric oxide production due to direct inhibition of the induction of nitric oxide synthase and of GTP cyclohydrolase. Substitution of tetrahydrobiopterin via sepiapterin could not overcome the dexamethasone-mediated inhibition. 2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine abolished nitric oxide synthesis and synergized with dexamethasone, completely eliminating nitric oxide production. Phenprocoumon inhibited production of nitric oxide via interference with later steps of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. An exogenous supply of tetrahydrobiopterin through sepiapterin led to a further increase of nitric oxide production, even in fully activated macrophages. The amount of nitric oxide produced by murine macrophages is therefore limited by the amount of tetrahydrobiopterin present in the cells. Inhibitors of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis could provide a novel approach for therapy of pathological conditions mediated by nitric oxide, such as septic shock.
Schoedon
G
G
Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
Schneemann
M
M
Hofer
S
S
Guerrero
L
L
Blau
N
N
Schaffner
A
A
D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006136:GTP Cyclohydrolase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007042:Hypoxanthines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010644:Phenprocoumon / Q000494:pharmacology
D007042:Hypoxanthines; D001708:Biopterins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D001120:Arginine; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C022630:sepiapterin reductase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D006136:GTP Cyclohydrolase; C017202:2,4-diaminohypoxanthine; C003402:sapropterin; D010644:Phenprocoumon