title: A comparison of the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 on pyrophosphate elaboration from various articular tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) on inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) elaboration from articular tissues to better understand the pathophysiology of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition in the joint.
  
  
  METHODS
  PPi was measured in the media of adult porcine articular tissue in organ culture and monolayer cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF beta 1 strongly stimulated PPi elaboration by porcine fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage. It modestly increased PPi elaboration by ligament, and had no effect on PPi elaborated by synovium. Of all cell types tested in cell culture, only chondrocytes responded to TGF beta 1 by significantly increasing PPi elaboration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF beta 1 stimulates PPi elaboration from hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and ligament, indicating that there is in situ CPPD crystal formation in these tissues. The ability of tissues to respond to TGF beta 1 by increasing PPi elaboration correlates with the prevalence of CPPD crystal deposition found clinically. The unique response of chondrocyte monolayers to TGF beta 1 reinforces the key role of the chondrocyte in PPi elaboration in the joint. These findings support an etiologic role for responsiveness to TGF beta 1 in CPPD disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: McCarty
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002131:Calcium Pyrophosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002805:Chondrocalcinosis / Q000378:metabolism; D006818:Hyalin / Q000378:metabolism; D008022:Ligaments / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D013710:Tendons / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D002131:Calcium Pyrophosphate