title: [Neurophysiologic basis of dominating motivation].
abstract: The mechanism of biological motivations is the subject of this paper. The dominating role of hypothalamic centers as pacemakers producing the motivational states of the brain, such as hunger and fear is described. The ascending activating influences of the hypothalamic centers on the cortical levels in the hemispheres are discussed. The motivational excitations emerging from the hypothalamic centers are appeared to reach the genetic structures of the neurons of different brain structures, including cortical ones. The neurons influenced by the previous reinforcements are revealed to begin synthesizing protein molecules when activated by the motivation, thus creating adaptive behavior. Early genes are found to be activated by the motivation during orienting or searching behaviors in a new situation. The mechanism of pathological motivations, by using long-term irritation of the hypothalamic motivational centers and ethanol consumption in animals as examples are considered.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Sudakov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005508:Food Deprivation; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009042:Motivation; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*