title: Distribution of colloidal gold tracer within rat parasternal lymph nodes after intrapleural injection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tracer studies are an important tool to obtain information about the processes involved in the immunological response. Colloidal gold is widely used as a tracer, but its small size of label can cause some difficulty during low-resolution analysis. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a new method to follow the route of tracer movement within lymph nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied conventional X-ray analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFA) subtractional microscopy using synchrotron radiation (SR) beams, light microscopy, and ultrastructural analysis to study the distribution and quantity of colloidal gold coupled with albumin within rat parasternal lymph node 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h after intrapleural injection of the tracer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all the time points XFA-SR revealed that tracer formed a circle with a maximum concentration in the node periphery. XFA-SR measured colloidal gold concentration in the nodes reached its maximum (0.5-0.75 weight %) in 6-8 h. Subtractional microscopy revealed superficially located groups of cells filled with colloidal gold tracer. Light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis confirmed that the tracer was concentrated in the reticular cells, situated in the sinuses of the node. Sinusoidal reticular cells concentrated tracer at much higher rates than sinusoidal macrophages. Four hours after injection, gold appeared in the lysosomes of the follicular reticular cells. At the same time point, evidence of antigen presentation was obtained. Antigen presentation proved to be an extremely rara event since only one ultrastructural incident was found in 150 analysed grids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SR is a valuable tool for the analysis of gold tracer passage within the living organism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Paediatrics, Irkutsk, Timiryazeva, Russia.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Glazyrin
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kolesnikov
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Dragun
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Zelentsov
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Zolotarev
authors.lastname: Zorin YuA
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Kulipanov
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Gorchakov
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Dolbnya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003102:Colloids; D006046:Gold; D007267:Injections; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D010994:Pleura; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D017356:Synchrotrons
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D012709:Serum Albumin; D006046:Gold