title: SPECT imaging of dopamine and serotonin transporters with [123I]beta-CIT: pharmacological characterization of brain uptake in nonhuman primates.
abstract: Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies of regional kinetic uptake and pharmacological specificity of [123I]methyl 3 beta-(4-iodophenyl) tropane-2 beta-carboxylate ([123I]beta-CIT) were performed in nonhuman primates (n = 41). In control experiments, activity was concentrated in striatum and in hypothalamic/midbrain regions. Striatal uptake increased for 140-180 min and displayed stable levels thereafter. Striatal to cerebellar activity ratios were 7.3 +/- 0.9 (mean +/- SEM) at 300 min. About 75% of striatal uptake was displaceable by injection of nonradioactive beta-CIT. Hypothalamic/midbrain activity reached maximal levels at approximately 45 min. A slow washout phase followed this peak activity. Activities in frontal, occipital, and cerebellar regions were characterized by an early peak (20-30 min), followed by rapid washout. Displacement studies demonstrated that striatal uptake was associated with dopamine (DA) transporters, as it was displaced by GBR 12909, a selective DA uptake inhibitor, but not by citalopram, a selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor. The inverse was true in the hypothalamic/midbrain area, suggesting that the uptake in this area was associated primarily with 5-HT transporters. Maprotiline, a selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitor, did not affect [123I]beta-CIT uptake. In vivo site occupancy ED50 values of cocaine, 2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (CFT), and beta-CIT were measured in the striatum with a stepwise displacement paradigm. In vivo ED50 values correlated strongly with in vitro IC50 values for binding to DA transporters. Infusion of high dose of L-DOPA (250 mumol/kg) failed to displace striatal [123I]beta-CIT binding, suggesting that the binding would not be affected by L-DOPA administration in Parkinsonian patients. However, studies performed with injection of d-amphetamine indirectly suggested that high synaptic levels of DA may compete with [123I]beta-CIT binding. These studies suggest that [123I]beta-CIT will be a useful SPECT tracer of DA and 5-HT transporters in living human brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laruelle
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Malison
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zea-Ponce
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zoghbi
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: al-Tikriti
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Sybirska
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Neumeyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D015283:Citalopram / Q000494:pharmacology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007980:Levodopa / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008376:Maprotiline / Q000494:pharmacology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010215:Papio; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015283:Citalopram; D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D007189:Indans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007980:Levodopa; D008024:Ligands; D008376:Maprotiline; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; C043425:vanoxerine; C045117:Lu 19005