title: Combined modality treatment of symptomatic pancreatic ductal lithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of the removal of pancreatic duct stones by a combined modality approach in patients with pancreatic ductal lithiasis and recurrent abdominal pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review with a mean follow-up of 19 months (range, 1 to 56 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care, private community hospital with a university affiliation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of patients who presented to the hospital or who were referred with recurrent abdominal pain and who were demonstrated to have pancreatic ductal lithiasis between 1989 and 1994 were reviewed. Patients were assessed by their clinical response to pancreatic duct stone extraction by a variety of therapeutic interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients were included in the study. One patient was excluded from analysis because of a concurrent choledochocele. Two patients required operative decompression and stone extraction for endoscopically inaccessible stones. Six patients were treated with endoscopic management alone, and six were treated with a combination of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and endoscopic stone retrieval. Twelve patients had complete clearance of the pancreatic duct. One patient had a stone that was not removed, but adequate pancreatic ductal decompression was achieved. The remaining patient had incomplete clearance of pancreatic stone fragments following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy but had adequate ductal drainage. No patient has required further therapy or hospitalization for abdominal pain. No complications occurred as a result of any intervention in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multidisciplinary combined modality approach is a safe and effective method for extracting pancreatic duct stones in symptomatic patients. Stone extraction and reestablishment of adequate ductal drainage appear to relieve symptoms in some patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Maine Medical Center, Portland, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Erkkinen
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Broaddus
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Howell
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002137:Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies