title: [A standardized large animal model of multiple organ failure after severe trauma].
abstract: In the past various attempts have been made to develop a standardized animal model of multiple organ failure (MOF). Until now there has been no large animal model, that imitates the clinical situation of multiple trauma patients up to MOF. In a manner similar to the pathophysiological sequence in multiple trauma patients, the combination of damaging mechanisms in the early phase (hemorrhagic shock, operating trauma, application of endotoxin (ET; 0.75 microgram/kg body weight) and zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP; 20 ml) every 12 h on days 1-5) leads to sequential irreversible damage to several organs in the late phase (> day 6) in sheep (n = 10). In this animal model representative organ parameters showed a similar course to that in MOF after multiple trauma in humans. The cardiac index increased significantly in the late phase (day 1: 6.47 +/- 0.41 ml/min x m2; day 10: 10.36 +/- 0.79 ml/min x m2), arterial oxygen pressure declined significantly (day 1: 103.1 +/- 1.6 mmHg; day 10: 89.8 +/- 4.2 mmHg). Liver function was impaired, bilirubin levels showed a significant increase (day 1: 2.94 +/- 0.34 mumol/l; day 10: 7.19 +/- 0.91 mumol/l). Creatinine clearance was low on day 1 (54.3 +/- 7.4 ml/min), increased up to day 5 and deteriorated again significantly in the late phase over the entire period (day 2: 104.3 +/- 26.8 ml/min; day 10: 53.1 +/- 17.6 ml/min).
authors.affiliation: Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grotz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Regel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dwenger
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hainer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaske
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tscherne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012756:Sheep; D012774:Shock, Traumatic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology