title: Effects of subject- versus experimenter-selected reinforcers on the behavior of individuals with profound developmental disabilities.
abstract: Results from a number of studies have shown that individuals with profound developmental disabilities often show differential approach behavior to stimuli presented in a variety of formats, and that such behavior is a reasonably good predictor of reinforcement effects when these "preferred" stimuli are used subsequently in a contingent arrangement. Recent data suggest that reinforcement effects may be enhanced further by allowing individuals to select, just prior to training sessions, which (of several) preferred stimuli would be used as reinforcers, but whether this method is superior to one based on selection by a teacher or therapist has not been adequately addressed. We compared the effects of these two methods of reinforcer selection on rates of responding on a free-operant task, using stimuli previously identified as potential reinforcers. Results obtained with 4 subjects indicated little or no difference in reinforcement effects when stimuli were selected by subjects rather than experimenters. Implications of these results with respect to choice and its relation to reinforcement are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Shore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D014040:Token Economy