title: Cutaneous cylindroma with malignant transformation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant cutaneous cylindroma is a rare tumor. It has been described in 26 cases, both in the solitary form and in the autosomal dominant inherited multiple tumor form. The authors present two new cases that occurred in one family with a history of multiple cylindromas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and histopathologic data of both tumors were compared with those of 26 other cases in the literature. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The malignant tumors were distinguished from the benign lesions by rapid growth, long-standing ulceration, or bleeding. Histopathologic examination showed a well-differentiated carcinoma in one patient and a poorly differentiated tumor in the other. In the latter, lymph node metastasis developed, and the patient died 2.5 years later. Histopathologic criteria of malignancy included cell pleomorphism, frequent mitoses and loss of jigsaw pattern, peripheral palisading, hyaline sheaths, and dual cell population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations are in accord with those in the literature. Malignant cutaneous cylindroma developed more often in the multiple tumor form than in the single tumor form. Malignant cylindroma is an aggressive carcinoma with a tendency to local destructive growth and metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gerretsen
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: van der Putte
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deenstra
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: van Vloten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006818:Hyalin / Q000737:chemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D018396:Mucin-1; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018396:Mucin-1; D009418:S100 Proteins; D007633:Keratins