title: Back pain and parenthood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that reports of back pain in a working population are associated with parenthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire survey of back pain in municipal fire fighters and police officers in a municipality in Ontario, Canada. The questionnaire was distributed to current employees of fire and police departments. The survey was completed by 129 fire fighters (68% of the active force) and 346 police officers (74% of the force).
  
  
  RESULTS
  36% of the respondents complained of a back problem. The prevalence increased from 13% among men aged 19 to 28 to 47% among men aged 49 to 59. The complaint was more common among firefighters (42%) than among police officers (33%). In a logistic regression analysis, back problems were significantly associated with the duration of employment, cigarette smoking, and the number of children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Back pain is a multifactorial problem with significant impact on the working population. This survey has found that parenthood, a risk factor not previously described among men, is associated with self reported back pain. The mechanism presumably involves lifting of children or recreational factors. Fatherhood seems to be a confounder that should be controlled for in studies of occupational causes of back pain.
authors.affiliation: Health and Safety Studies Unit, Ontario Ministry of Labour, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D016487:Parenting; D012307:Risk Factors