title: Failure of FK-506, a new immunosuppressant, to prevent cerebral vasospasm in a canine two-hemorrhage model.
abstract: In order to clarify the possible role of immunological reaction in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm, the authors examined the prophylactic effect of the immunosuppressant agents FK-506 and cyclosporin A on chronic vasospasm in a canine two-hemorrhage model. While a mean constriction of the basilar artery to 81.0% +/- 4.0% (+/- standard error of the mean) occurred on Day 2 and to 63.8% +/- 3.5% on Day 7 in the untreated group, constriction to 77.9% +/- 3.4% on Day 2 and 62.8% +/- 3.0% on Day 7 was demonstrated in the FK-506-treated group (difference not significant). This tendency was also noted in the cyclosporin A-treated group, with basilar artery constriction to 81.8% +/- 3.7% and 56.3% +/- 2.7%, respectively (difference not significant). The histological changes of the basilar artery, including corrugation of the elastic lamina, detachment of endothelial cells, and vacuolar formation in the smooth-muscle layer were not different in the two treated groups and the one control group. Since these immunosuppressant agents are known to inhibit the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2), the level of IL-2 was examined in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebral vasospasm. While interleukin-1 gradually increased in level as time passed, the level of IL-2 was consistently low during the course of the study, indicating less participation of IL-2 in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. This clinical observation matched the experimental results. The authors conclude that cell-mediated immunoreaction, initiated mainly by IL-2, plays little role in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nirei
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004285:Dogs; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus