title: Functional maturation of human naive T helper cells in the absence of accessory cells. Generation of IL-4-producing T helper cells does not require exogenous IL-4.
abstract: In the human model, requirements for the primary onset of IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in maturing T helper lymphocytes were compared. Stimulation of freshly isolated CD4+CD45RA+ naive Th cells with immobilized CD3 mAb in the presence of exogenous IL-2 resulted in the proliferative response of this subset, which was equal to or higher than CD4+CD45R0+ memory Th cells. Throughout the first 6 days after this mode of stimulation, naive Th cells did not secrete IL-4 and produced only small amounts of IFN-gamma, whereas high amounts of both lymphokines were secreted by stimulated autologous memory Th cells. Under these conditions, naive Th cells acquired the CD45RA-CD45R0+ memory phenotype. After restimulation, such in vitro-generated CD45R0+ cells produced high amounts of IFN-gamma but, despite the full phenotype conversion, they produced only trace amounts of IL-4. In contrast, when the primary stimulation and the expansion of cells proceeded in the presence of IL-1 beta or CD28 mAb, both IFN-gamma and IL-4 were produced after restimulation, in similar amounts compared with those produced by memory Th cells. The effect of IL-1 beta and CD28 signaling could not be obtained by the administration of exogenous IL-4 nor could the onset of IL-4 production be prevented by the presence of a neutralizing anti-IL-4 Ab in primary cultures. These data show that the development of human IL-4-producing Th cells can proceed in the absence of any pre-existing source of IL-4 and can be driven solely by the APC-related signals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaliński
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hilkens
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wierenga
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: van der Pouw-Kraan
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: van Lier
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kapsenberg
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Snijdewint
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens