title: [Immunohistochemical studies of the neuroanatomy of the human turbinates: innervation pattern of seromucous glands].
abstract: Seromucous glands are among the main components of human nasal mucosa. To control the different physiological functions of these glands, a dense nerval network is necessary. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the general innervation of the seromucous glands in nasal mucosa. Tissue samples of inferior human turbinates were fixed and embedded in paraffin wax or frozen. Serial sections were performed and incubated with antibodies either to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) or S-100 protein. The ABC method was employed to demonstrate the immunacomplexes. The sections were counterstained with haemotoxylin. Either NSE and S-100 protein-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found around the acini, ducts and in the connective tissue of the glands. Furthermore, a dense network of fine nerve fibres was detected in the submucosal region. The localisation of neurons in nasal glands confirms the direct nerval control of the diverse glandular functions. Additionally, the sensitive subepithelial network of fine nerve fibres might be involved in the regulation of glandular secretion.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkranke der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knipping
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riederer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000294:innervation*; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009832:Olfactory Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D014420:Turbinates / Q000294:innervation*
chemical_list: D009418:S100 Proteins; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase