title: Increased fetal hemoglobin in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus contributes to the imprecision of glycohemoglobin measurements.
abstract: An increased prevalence of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has been described in pediatric insulin-dependent patients. The popular electroendosmotic method for glycohemoglobin includes HbF. In an adult population comprising 50 insulin-treated and 57 non-insulin-treated diabetic patients and 57 control subjects, we measured HbF by HPLC and measured glycohemoglobin by both HPLC and an electroendosmotic method. Of the insulin-treated patients, 46% had concentrations of HbF > or = 0.5%, compared with 25% of non-insulin-treated patients and 23% of controls (P < 0.02). In the insulin-treated patients, the two glycohemoglobin methods correlated best when the HPLC measurements included HbF (r = 0.92 vs r = 0.84). Fructosamine concentrations correlated best with glycohemoglobin concentrations determined by methods that accounted for HbF. The true between-batch CV of the electroendosmotic assay increased (from 4.33% to 8.33%) when variable interpatient HbF concentrations were included. Thus, HbF must be considered when interpreting glycohemoglobin measured by an electroendosmotic method and when comparing it with other measures of glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rumley
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Dominiczak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009995:Osmosis
chemical_list: D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006595:Hexosamines; D007328:Insulin