title: Transforming growth factor beta 1 induction is associated with transforming growth factors beta 2 and beta 3 down-modulation in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced skin hyperplasia.
abstract: Acute treatment of mouse skin with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces marked epidermal hyperplasia, which is well evident by 24 h and maximal by 48-72 h. These effects are associated with the early induction of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 expression in the epidermis. We show here that, in contrast to TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3, skin expression is significantly down-modulated in response to TPA. TGF-beta 3 RNA levels decreased by 6 h of treatment but returned to normal or even higher levels at later times. The TGF-beta 3 protein could be detected immunohistochemically in both dermis and epidermis in control skins and at early times of TPA treatment. However, at later times, TGF-beta 3 was found only in dermal cells and not in the epidermis. TGF-beta 2 RNA expression was found to be significantly down-modulated by 24 h of TPA treatment and remained low even at later times. Thus, differential control of the 3 TGF-beta isoforms appears to be a likely determinant of normal skin homeostasis and could be at least partially responsible for TPA-induced skin hyperplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Escherick
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: DiCunto
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Missero
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Dotto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D012313:RNA; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate