title: Pioglitazone treatment for 7 days failed to correct the defect in glucose transport and glucose transporter translocation in obese Zucker rat (fa/fa) skeletal muscle plasma membranes.
abstract: Insulin resistance in the obese (fa/fa) Zucker rat is associated with decreased insulin stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle, due primarily to a failure of insulin to stimulate GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane from an intracellular pool (1). The thiazolidinedione analog Pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to improve glucose tolerance in this and other animal models of insulin resistance. The current study was designed to determine whether 7 days of Pioglitazone treatment (20 mg/kg/day by gavage) would improve glucose transport and/or glucose transporter translocation and intrinsic activity in plasma membranes prepared from hindlimb skeletal muscle of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats. Basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in these animals were unchanged by Pioglitazone, while basal plasma triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations (NEFA) were reduced by Pioglitazone treatment (501 +/- 88 vs 161 +/- 13 mg/dl, P < 0.0001) and (678 +/- 95 vs 467 +/- 75 microM, P < 0.05) respectively. Pioglitazone had no effect on basal or insulin stimulated glucose influx (Vmax or Km) into plasma membrane vesicles determined under equilibrium exchange conditions compared to controls. Plasma membrane glucose transporter number (R0) (measured by cytochalasin B binding) under basal or insulin stimulated conditions was unchange by Pioglitazone and R0 failed to increase following insulin stimulation in either group. Glucose transporter turnover number (Vmax/R0) increased 2-fold with insulin stimulation compared to basal in both control and Pioglitazone groups, similar to turnover numbers observed in normal rats. These data confirm that impaired glucose transporter translocation in muscle of the Zucker rat is a major factor contributing to its insulin resistance. We conclude that the improved glucose tolerance observed in fa/fa rats following Pioglitazone treatment is not due to an improvement in basal or insulin stimulated skeletal muscle plasma membrane glucose transport or glucose transporter translocation and that Pioglitazone treatment does not affect transporter intrinsic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05404.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hirshman
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Fagnant
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Horton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D005947:Glucose; D000077205:Pioglitazone