title: Incidence of pseudoaneurysm after diagnostic and therapeutic angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate prospectively with color flow duplex (CFD) sonography the incidence of pseudoaneurysm or arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after transfemoral arterial catheterization with angiography, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), or local lysis (LL).
  
  
  METHODS
  CFD sonography was used to examine the puncture site in 565 consecutive patients who had undergone PTA, LL, or angiography (581 procedures).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of pseudoaneurysm in the first 300 procedures in which standard compression was used was 14.0% overall, 27.0% after LL with antegrade-puncture PTA, 18.5% after antegrade-puncture PTA, 9.3% after retrograde-puncture PTA, and 1.2% after angiography. To decrease the high incidence, in the next 281 procedures manual compression was continued for at least 5 minutes after local bleeding had stopped. This significantly reduced the incidence to 1.1% overall, 8.0% after LL in combination with PTA, 0.9% after antegrade PTA alone, 0.9% after retrograde PTA, and 0% after angiography (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of pseudoaneurysm after transfemoral arterial catheterization depends on the type of intervention. The main risk factor is too brief a period of manual compression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Angiology, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katzenschlager
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ugurluoglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hülsmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koppensteiner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Larch
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maca
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stümpflen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ehringer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000792:Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color