title: The role of tobacco in penile carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the role of tobacco in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The use of tobacco in the form of cigarettes, chewing tobacco and snuff was studied in a total of 503 patients and age-matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By multivariate analysis, a significant association was found between smoking (P = 0.002) or chewing tobacco (P < 0.001) and the use of snuff (P = 0.004) in patients with penile carcinoma as compared with controls. A dose-response relationship was observed for both smoking and chewing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of tobacco is a significant risk factor for penile carcinoma, and the use of more than one form of tobacco increases this risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genito-urinary Surgery, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Madras, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harish
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravi
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D010688:Phimosis / Q000150:complications; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*