title: Increased ubiquitin expression suppresses the cell cycle defect associated with the yeast ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, CDC34 (UBC3). Evidence for a noncovalent interaction between CDC34 and ubiquitin.
abstract: The yeast ubiquitin (Ub) conjugating enzyme CDC34 plays a crucial role in the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 to S phase. In an effort to identify proteins that interact with CDC34 we undertook a genetic screen to isolate genes whose increased expression suppressed the cell cycle defect associated with the cdc34-2 temperature-sensitive allele. From this screen, the poly-Ub gene UBI4 was identified as a moderately strong suppressor. The fact that the overexpression of a gene encoding a single Ub protein could also suppress the cdc34-2 allele indicated that suppression was related to the increased abundance of Ub. Ub overexpression was found to suppress two other structurally unrelated cdc34 mutations, in addition to the cdc34-2 allele. In all three cases, suppression depended on the expression of Ub with an intact carboxyl terminus. Only the cdc34-2 allele, however, could be suppressed by Ub with an amino acid substitution at lysine 48 which is known to be involved in multi-Ub chain assembly. Genetic results showing allele specific suppression of cdc34 mutations by various Ub derivatives suggested a specific noncovalent interaction between Ub and CDC34. Consistent with this prediction, we have shown by chemical cross-linking the existence of a specific noncovalent Ub binding site on CDC34. Together, these genetic and biochemical experiments indicate that Ub suppression of these cdc34 mutations results from the combined contributions of Ub-CDC34 thiol ester formation and a noncovalent interaction between Ub and CDC34 and therefore suggest that the correct positioning of Ub on a surface of the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme is a requirement of enzyme function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ptak
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Arnason
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ellison
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D002453:Cell Cycle; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008025:Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008025:Ligases