title: Does experience influence the forces exerted on maxillary incisors during laryngoscopy? A manikin study using the Macintosh laryngoscope.
abstract: The influence of the level of experience of the laryngoscopist on the duration of laryngoscopy, the forces exerted on the tongue and on the maxillary incisors during laryngoscopy, were investigated. Five groups (anaesthetists, residents in anaesthesia, nurse anaesthetists, surgeons and medical students), each consisting of 15 individuals, participated in the study. An intubation manikin was used with a laryngoscope modified so that the forces applied during laryngoscopy could be measured. The mean duration of laryngoscopy in these groups was 23.4 sec, 17.6 sec, 27.1 sec, 26.8 sec and 42.7 sec, respectively. The maximally applied forces on the tongue were 71.7 N, 60.5 N, 65.9 N, 74.2 N and 69.7 N, respectively. The maximally applied forces on the maxillary incisors were 49.9 N, 36.3 N, 41.1 N, 58.3 N and 53.9 N, respectively. These results indicate the level of experience has a significant influence on the duration of laryngoscopy but seems to have little influence on the forces applied to the tongue and the maxillary incisors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Rotterdam Dijkzigt, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bucx
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Geel
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wegener
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stijnen
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education; D004867:Equipment Design; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000502:physiology*; D007396:Internship and Residency; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008348:Manikins; D008437:Maxilla; D009719:Nurse Anesthetists; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013337:Students, Medical; D013997:Time Factors; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology