Chemical contaminants, pharmacokinetics, and the lactating mother.
We review the commonly occurring persistent pesticides and industrial chemicals in breast milk. These chemicals are dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane as dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene dieldrin, chlordane as oxychlordane, heptachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins. We present a worked example of the kinds of pharmacokinetic assumptions and calculations necessary for setting regulatory limits of contaminants in the food supply, calculating dose of chemical contaminants to the nursed infant, converting risks from lifetime exposure in laboratory animals to risks for short-term exposure in humans, and estimating the excess cancer risk to the nursed infant.
Rogan
W J
WJ
Office of Clinical Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
Ragan
N B
NB
D000818:Animals; D001822:Body Burden; D001942:Breast Feeding; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005506:Food Contamination; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
D015386:Hazardous Substances