title: A phase II trial of interferon alpha-2A, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin has moderate antitumor activity in the treatment of metastatic epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. The authors have recently shown activity for the combination of 5-FU and interferon-alpha 2a (IFN-alpha) in both esophageal epidermoid and adenocarcinoma. A Phase II trial, therefore, was undertaken to evaluate the antitumor activity of the three-drug combination of IFN-alpha, 5-FU, and cisplatin in unresectable or metastatic esophageal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients with locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the esophagus were treated. No prior chemotherapy was allowed. Twelve patients had epidermoid carcinoma (44%) and 15 patients had adenocarcinoma (56%). Patients received IFN-alpha at a dose of 3 x 10(6) units/day given daily by subcutaneous injection on days 1 to 28, 5-FU at a dose of 750 mg/m2/day for 5 days by continuous intravenous infusion on days 1 to 5, and cisplatin at a dose of 100 mg/m2 on day 1. Treatment was recycled every 28 days, and after the first three cycles, cisplatin was administered only on alternate cycles. Twenty-seven patients completed a median of 4 cycles (range, 1-13 cycles), and 26 patients were evaluable for response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major responses were observed in 13 patients (50%, 95% confidence intervals, 31-69%), including two complete responses (8%). The response proportion in epidermoid carcinoma (8 of 11 patients, 73%) was higher than the response proportion in adenocarcinoma (5 of 15 patients, 33%). The median duration of response was 29 weeks (range, 11-74 weeks), similar in epidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Toxicity was moderately severe but manageable with dose attenuations. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity was observed in 41% of patients and grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicity was observed in 26% of patients. IFN-alpha was reduced to either a 3- or 5-day a week schedule because of fatigue and/or myelosuppression in 12 patients (44%). There were two treatment-related deaths (7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this Phase II trial, the combination of IFN-alpha, 5-FU, and cisplatin had substantial antitumor activity in esophageal carcinoma with apparently greater antitumor activity in epidermoid carcinoma than adenocarcinoma. A larger confirmatory trial comparing this treatment to conventional 5-FU and cisplatin is warranted for epidermoid carcinoma. In future chemotherapy trials, the response assessment for epidermoid and adenocarcinoma should continue to be stratified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ilson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sirott
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saltz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heelan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keresztes
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kelsen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil