title: Temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis and lavage for the treatment of closed lock: a follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis and lavage, first described in the North American literature in 1991, is a simplified method used for the treatment of severe, limited mouth opening. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of this technique as a treatment for closed lock of the TMJ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six patients with persistent closed lock of the TMJ of acute onset were treated by TMJ arthrocentesis and lavage with manipulation in an out-patient setting. Clinical data was collected in the form of visual analogue scales for pain and chewing ability, and measurements of maximum mandibular opening before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On follow-up ranging from 6 to 30 months, jaw opening and mandibular function had significantly improved (p < 0.001), and pain had substantially decreased in all but one patient as a result of this procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMJ arthrocentesis and lavage is recommended as a simple alternative to more invasive TMJ procedures as an effective technique for the treatment of acute persistent closed lock of the TMJ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dimitroulis
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Dolwick
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011677:Punctures / Q000379:methods; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013396:Suction; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome