title: Studies on the comparative toxicity of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-homocysteine and 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene in the Fischer 344 rat.
abstract: The renal tubular toxicity of various halogenated xenobiotics has been attributed to their enzymatic bioactivation to reactive intermediates by S-conjugation. A combination of high resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy of urine, renal histopathology and more routinely used clinical chemistry methods has been used to explore the acute toxic and biochemical effects of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-homocysteine (DCVHC) and 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (TCTFP) up to 48 h following their administration to male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. In the absence of gross renal pathology, 1H NMR urinalysis revealed increased excretion of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates citrate and succinate following DCVC administration. In contrast, both DCVHC and TCTFP produced functional defects in the S2 and S3 segments of the proximal tubule that were confirmed histologically. In these cases, 1H NMR urinalysis revealed increased excretion of glucose, L-lactate, acetate and 3-D-hydroxybutyrate (HB) as well as selective amino aciduria (alanine, valine, glutamate and glutamine). The significance of the proximal nephropathies induced by DCVHC and TCTFP is discussed in relation to biochemical observations on other xenobiotics that are toxic by similar mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Beddell
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lindon
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D006710:Homocysteine; C051126:S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)homocysteine; C060270:1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene; D003545:Cysteine