title: Childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma near large rural construction sites, with a comparison with Sellafield nuclear site.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether population mixing produced by large, non-nuclear construction projects in rural areas is associated with an increase in childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study of the incidence of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among children living near large construction projects in Britain since 1945, situated more than 20 km from a population centre, involving a workforce of more than 1000, and built over three or more calendar years. For periods before 1962 mortality was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Areas within 10 km of relevant sites, and the highland counties of Scotland with many hydroelectric schemes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged under 15.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 37% excess of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at 0-14 years of age was recorded during construction and the following calendar year. The excesses were greater at times when construction workers and operating staff overlapped (72%), particularly in areas of relatively high social class. For several sites the excesses were similar to or greater than that near the nuclear site of Sellafield (67%), which is distinctive in its large workforce with many construction workers. Seascale, near Sellafield, with a ninefold increase had an unusually high proportion of residents in social class I. The only study parish of comparable social class also showed a significant excess, with a confidence interval that included the Seascale excess.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support the infection hypothesis and reinforce the view that the excess of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma near Sellafield has a similar explanation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kinlen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Stiller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009688:Nuclear Reactors; D018812:Paternal Exposure; D011153:Population; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012423:Rural Health; D012923:Social Class; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology