title: Retinoic acid receptor gamma mediates topical retinoid efficacy and irritation in animal models.
abstract: Among retinoic acid receptors (RARs) alpha, beta, and gamma, the messenger RNA level of RAR-gamma is the most readily detectable by Northern blotting in human and mouse skin. This observation suggests that RAR-gamma may play a critical role in the modulation of the therapeutic benefits and side effects of retinoids in skin. To test this hypothesis, 11 RAR-gamma selective retinoids were synthesized based on three related structures. Each compound was found to prefer RAR-gamma when assessed by retinoid-induced transcriptional activity (RAR-gamma > RAR-beta > RAR-alpha). The apparent Kd for binding to recombinant receptor protein was found to follow a similar trend. To correlate this receptor selectivity with in vivo activity, the compounds were tested topically in the Rhino mouse utriculi reduction and rabbit irritation models, two assays widely used to screen retinoids for efficacy and side effects, respectively. The results indicated that for these compounds, both efficacy in the utriculi reduction assay and irritation potential in rabbits correlated positively with the RAR-gamma transactivation activity, with r2 of 0.9 and 0.8, respectively. These data suggest that RAR-gamma is an important regulator of retinoic acid efficacy in skin and further, that the irritation associated with the use of retinoids is most likely a receptor-mediated process.
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York 14213, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Whiting
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roalsvig
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Currier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honeyman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kwasniewski
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sterzycki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D011817:Rabbits; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
chemical_list: D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012176:Retinoids; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma