title: [The force transmission of positioners in different degrees of incisor protrusion. An in-vitro study].
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the forces exerted on protruded upper incisors by tooth positioners. Methodologically an in vitro force measurement model was used. The tooth positioners were made of 7 readily available materials commonly used in orthodontics. The study found that the values of the forces, which ranged from 0.4 N to 14.0 N per tooth, are dependent on the material used and the degree of tooth protrusion. In addition, the study analyzed the changes in force over a 3-month period during which time the positioners were stored at 37 degrees +/- 1 degree C in an aqueous environment. This environment corresponds closely to that found in the mouth.
authors.affiliation: Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Universität zu Köln.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rost
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Schwarze
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hilgers
mesh_terms: D003725:Dental Articulators; D003764:Dental Materials; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007180:Incisor; D008437:Maxilla; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials
vernacular_title: Die Kraftabgabe von Positionern bei unterschiedlicher Schneidezahnprotrusion. Eine In-vitro-Untersuchung.