title: Nondestructive measurement of retinal glucose transport and consumption in vivo using NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: The cellular events underlying various retinopathies are poorly understood but likely involve perturbation of retinal glucose metabolism. Current methods for assessing this metabolism are destructive, thus limiting longitudinal studies. We hypothesize that following an intravitreous injection, the clearance rate of a glucose analogue will be a nondestructive index of retinal glucose transport and metabolism in vivo. First, radiolabeled glucose analogues were injected into the vitreous. After 40 min, the dominant clearance path was posterior via the retina and was consistent with a facilitated transport mechanism. Next, either [6,6-2H2]glucose or 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose was injected into the vitreous of rabbit eyes, and the clearance rate of each analogue was determined over 40 min using, respectively, 2H or 19F NMR. These rates were interpreted as a function of the retinal glucose transport and consumption. From the NMR data, the rate of retinal glucose consumption was approximately 16 times slower than the transport of glucose. These data demonstrate that NMR measurements of glucose analogue clearance rate from the vitreous can provide a nondestructive index of retinal glucose transport and consumption in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8592, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Corbett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D003903:Deuterium; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D014316:Tritium; C007253:3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D003903:Deuterium; D005947:Glucose