title: Intraoperative digital subtraction angiography: a review of 112 consecutive examinations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of intraoperative angiography on neurosurgery and angiographic technical success, safety, and accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angiographic studies, surgical reports, and hospital records were reviewed retrospectively for 112 consecutive procedures in which intraoperative angiography was performed during neurosurgery. The results of conventional postoperative angiograms in 28 of the 112 procedures were also reviewed. A portable digital subtraction angiography unit was used for all patients. Decisions in the operating room were based on review of stored videotaped images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen studies were obtained in 14 patients after arteriovenous malformation resection. Unsuspected residual nidus was identified and resected in 3 patients. The intraoperative angiogram also altered therapy for 2 patients undergoing staged resections of arteriovenous malformations. Sixty-six studies were performed after aneurysm clipping, with clinically significant changes in surgical therapy made in 5 patients. Of 28 examinations after carotid endarterectomy, 3 led to revision. Two complications of angiography occurred. One led to a permanent neurologic deficit, yielding a complication rate of 1.5% for stroke. Two examinations could not be completed because of technical factors. Two false-negative examinations were identified on postoperative studies. One patient with a normal intraoperative study after carotid endarterectomy thrombosed the repaired internal carotid artery after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative angiography altered surgery in 13 of 112 procedures on 104 patients. This study supports the use of intraoperative angiography in arteriovenous malformation resection and in complex aneurysm surgery, but not for routine carotid endarterectomy.
authors.affiliation: Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Derdeyn
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Grubb
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Dacey
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000009:adverse effects; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies