title: Elemental mercury vapour toxicity: treatment and levels in plasma and urine.
abstract: 1. We report two cases of acute mercury vapour intoxication in humans. The mercury vapour was released from smelting alloys (gold-mercury amalgam). The alloy was apparently contaminated with an unknown amount of mercury. 2. Within half an hour of the incident, the victims began having moderate headache, nausea, lumbar pain and shortness of breath at rest. The patients were treated with BAL (2,3 dimercaptopropanol), followed by DMSA (2,3 dimercaptosuccinic acid). 3. Serial measurements of mercury metal in plasma and in urine were made for ten days. 4. The results suggest that in spite of the treatment, relatively high concentrations of mercury remain in the plasma for a very long time, and this could be explained by the progressive release of mercury from red blood cells and tissues after oxidation. However, BAL and DMSA did not seem to be the most efficient antidotes. They reduce the plasma inorganic mercury uptake at concentrations of < 50 micrograms I-1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biochimie-Toxicologie, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Houeto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandouk
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Baud
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Levillain
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000497:Alloys; D004112:Dimercaprol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D008630:Mercury Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008669:Metallurgy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D004113:Succimer / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D004112:Dimercaprol; D004113:Succimer; D008628:Mercury