title: Nitrogen movements in the upper jejunum lumen in humans fed low amounts of casein or beta-lactoglobulin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the progression of milk proteins in the upper part of the digestive tract, gastro-jejunal nitrogen movements were studied in 6 healthy human volunteers after beta-lactoglobulin and casein ingestion. 400 mL of water (control), purified beta-lactoglobulin (20 g/L) or casein (20 g/L), each adjusted to 25 microCi with 14C-polyethylene glycol, were given per os. Samples were collected in the stomach and 20 cm below the Treitz ligament every 20 min for 2 hours and measured for volume, osmolarity, ions and nitrogen content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The jejunal flow rate peaked in the 0-20 min period following water and beta-lactoglobulin ingestion, and in the 20-40 min period after casein ingestion. The gastric half-emptying time (T1/2 min) of the liquid phase was significantly different (P < 0.05) for water (12.1 +/- 0.8), beta-lactoglobulin (14.5 +/- 3.3) and casein (26.5 +/- 9.3). Before ingestion of the test meals, the basal rate of nitrogen was 9.14 +/- 4.09 mmol/h in the jejunum. The total nitrogen content in the jejunum peaked significantly in the 0-20 min period after beta-lactoglobulin ingestion and the 20-40 min period after casein ingestion. The apparent gastro-jejunal protein absorption values were 63% for casein and 66% for beta-lactoglobulin in the 120 min period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that beta-lactoglobulin and casein behave differently in the upper part of the digestive tract due to different gastric emptying rates.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Nutrition Humaine et de Physiologie Intestinale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahé
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benamouzig
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaudichon
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Huneau
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Cruz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rautureau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tomé
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D014867:Water; D009584:Nitrogen