title: Exhaled nitric oxide in isolated pig lungs.
abstract: Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulator of vascular resistance. Low concentrations of NO have been recorded in the exhaled breath of spontaneously breathing animals and humans. To determine whether NO synthesis in the lung contributes to the NO measured in the breath, we measured the concentration of NO in the exhaled air of isolated perfused and ventilated porcine lungs by using a chemiluminescence method. With NO-free normoxic ventilation (21% O2-5% CO2-74% N2) of eight porcine lungs perfused with a Krebs-dextran and albumin perfusate, baseline exhaled NO was 5.8 +/- 1.8 parts per billion (ppb) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was 8.9 +/- 1.8 mmHg.l-1.min. Hypoxic ventilation (5% O2-5% CO2-90% N2) caused a fall in NO to 3.6 +/- 1.8 ppb and a rise in PVR to 13.6 +/- 3.6 mmHg.l-1.min. Vasoconstriction with the thromboxane analogue U-46619 (10(-9) M) raised PVR to 31.7 +/- 6.8 mmHg.l-1.min but did not decrease NO levels from baseline. Subsequent addition of acetylcholine (10(-6)M) lowered PVR to 22.1 +/- 4.5 mmHg.l-1.min and increased exhaled NO to 7.0 +/- 2.0 ppb. Addition of a NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10(-5) M), to four lungs caused a rise in PVR to 43.0 +/- 7.0 mmHg.l-1.min and a decrease in NO to 1.5 +/- 1.0 ppb. Addition of autologous blood to the perfusate of four lungs caused no change in PVR from baseline but decreased exhaled NO to 2.7 +/- 0.5 ppb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Physiology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cremona
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higenbottam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bower
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011450:Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D011450:Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D001120:Arginine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin