title: Foscarnet and ganciclovir pharmacokinetics during concomitant or alternating maintenance therapy for AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of foscarnet and ganciclovir as a combination treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis is increasing because of limitations associated with single agent therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacokinetics of foscarnet and ganciclovir were determined in 13 patients receiving either concomitant therapy (regimen A) or daily alternating therapy (regimen B) for maintenance of cytomegalovirus disease. For regimen A, 60 mg/kg intravenous foscarnet and 3.75 mg/kg ganciclovir were sequentially administered daily; for regimen B, 120 mg/kg foscarnet and 6 mg/kg ganciclovir were administered on alternating days. For both regimens, serial blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis was performed for each drug alone (day 1 or 2) and after 2 weeks of combination therapy. Plasma samples for foscarnet and ganciclovir analysis were performed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with noncompartmental methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For regimen A, the plasma clearance (CL) of foscarnet did not change in the presence of ganciclovir, averaging 0.12 +/- 0.08 and 0.11 +/- 0.02 L/hr/kg on study days 2 and 14, respectively (p = 0.34). The volume of distribution (VSS) and mean residence time (MRT) also did not change significantly. CL and MRT of foscarnet did not change for regimen B, although a slight increase in VSS was observed before (0.38 +/- 0.05 L/kg) and after (0.46 +/- 0.07 L/kg) alternating therapy (p = 0.03). Ganciclovir CL did not change for either regimen, with mean values of 0.21 +/- 0.10 and 0.25 +/- 0.10 L/hr/kg (regimen A, p = 0.17) and 0.32 +/- 0.10 and 0.34 +/- 0.11 L/hr/kg (regimen B, p = 0.24). MRT and VSS were also not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These plasma data suggest that further dosage adjustments are unnecessary for or alternating maintenance therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0622, USA.
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Aweeka
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gambertoglio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Polsky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jayewardene
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lizak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emrick
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000328:Adult; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017245:Foscarnet / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D017245:Foscarnet; D015774:Ganciclovir