title: The abnormal mammogram in women with clinically normal breasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of unnecessary referrals to breast surgeons as a result of abnormal mammograms in women with clinically normal breasts and to determine measures to make the management of such women more efficient.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A breast clinic in a university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  From among 6477 women referred for surgical breast assessment, 475 with asymptomatic, clinically normal breasts were referred solely on the basis of an abnormal mammogram.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mammography and breast biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Need for surgical assessment as a result of mammographic findings, number of biopsies and the diagnosis of cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically a breast abnormality was evident in 63 (13%) women and a malignant lesion in 14 of them (2.9% of the total). Of the 412 women who were confirmed as having clinically normal breasts, only 139 (33.7%) had mammograms originally reported as suspicious for cancer. After the mammograms were reviewed, 79% of women with such a suspicious mammogram underwent mammographic localization and biopsy: a malignant lesion was confirmed in 36.4% of these. Of the 475 women referred for assessment, only 202 (42.5%) had a significant clinical or mammographic abnormality. Of the 412 women with clinically normal breasts only 110 (26.7%) required a biopsy and only 40 (9.7%) had cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most women referred because of an abnormal mammogram have no significant problem or have one that can be resolved without surgical referral. Screening efficiency can be improved, patient anxiety controlled and cost controlled by a number of recommended measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Sterns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results