title: Effects of consumption of brussels sprouts on plasma and urinary glutathione S-transferase class-alpha and -pi in humans.
abstract: The effects of consumption of glucosinolate-containing Brussels sprouts on plasma and urinary glutathione S-transferase (GST) class-alpha and -pi were investigated. Five male and five female non-smoking volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups in a crossover design. Five persons started on a glucosinolate-free diet (control period), while the other five consumed 300 g of cooked Brussels sprouts per day, at the expense of 300 g of glucosinolate-free vegetables (sprouts period). Dietary regimes were reversed after 1 week. GST levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. At the end of the sprouts period, a significant increase (1.5-fold) in plasma class-alpha GST levels was observed in males but not in females (control versus sprouts, paired t-test; P-values 0.031 and 0.317 respectively), while plasma GST class-pi levels as well as secretion of urinary GST class-alpha and -pi levels remained unchanged. We conclude that (i) increased plasma GST class-alpha levels in males originate probably solely from the liver and not from stomach, intestine or kidney; (ii) males are more susceptible for induction of hepatic GSTs than females; and (iii) urinary GST concentration seems less useful as a biomarker for hepatic GST induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Nijhoff
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Poppel
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001937:Brassica; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005260:Female; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005961:Glucosinolates; D007527:Isoenzymes; D005982:Glutathione Transferase