Understanding and implementing hospital information systems.
One of a hospital's greatest resources is its information. The hospital's information system, whether computerized or manual, is the means by which data is collected, integrated, and retrieved. However, because optimal patient treatment, financial management, and hospital operation require that decisions be based on current, accurate, complete, and well-organized data, a computerized hospital information system (HIS), when correctly implemented, can be the most effective means of disseminating valuable information to decision makers. Although the systems currently in place in most hospitals are used primarily to manage finances, an integrated HIS is much more than a financial system; it can, in fact, coordinate all of a hospital's information needs. An integrated HIS develops over time, typically several years. Merely automating existing procedures may not provide many of the potential benefits of a new system and may even carry forward most of the drawbacks of the old system. Determining how information is currently processed in the hospital and putting together an effective team to carry out acquisition and implementation of an HIS must precede the purchase of computers, networks, and software applications. In Part 1 of this article, we describe hospitals' general information needs and provide an overview of the current state of HISs and what hospitals can expect to gain from implementing a new system; in Part 2, we describe the steps hospitals can take when putting the system in place. We caution readers that, although we will be discussing many benefits of successful HISs, little documented or quantified evidence exists to show that these benefits are being realized; most evidence is subjective and qualitative, and claims are not thoroughly substantiated. Few, if any, hospitals have achieved the completely integrated system model--or even come close. Nevertheless, this article provides the groundwork for hospitals to make a thoughtful beginning. In upcoming issues, we will be publishing further articles in our information systems series. Also see our extensive Guidance Article on Laboratory Information Systems in Health Devices 23(10-11), October-November 1994. ECRI will also be increasing the number of reports on information systems in its Healthcare Product Comparison System.
D002201:Capital Expenditures; D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D016494:Computer Security; D003201:Computers; D005377:Financial Management, Hospital; D006739:Hospital Administration; D006751:Hospital Information Systems; D017146:Models, Organizational; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010934:Planning Techniques; D012984:Software