title: What is the most appropriate variable for estimation of mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography?
abstract: Although left ventricular (LV) inflow and pulmonary venous (PV) flow variables estimated by transesophageal Doppler echocardiography (TEE) reflect pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), they are also affected by changes in cardiac function. The purpose of the present study was to detect the most appropriate variable for the estimation of PCWP by TEE in patients (pts) with ischemic heart disease. Several variables of LV inflow and left upper PV flow were compared with PCWP in 36 pts (six with angina pectoris and 30 with old myocardial infarction). Early diastolic flow (E) and atrial contraction flow (A) were used as LV inflow, while systolic forward flow (X), diastolic forward flow (Y) and atrial contractile reversal flow (z) were used as PV flow. The peak velocity of each flow wave (Ep, Ap, Xp, Yp, and Zp) and the time-velocity integral (Ei, Ai, Xi, Yi, and Zi) were measured. The ratio of Ep to Ap (Ep/Ap), Ei to Ai (Ei/Ai), Xp to Yp (Xp/Yp), Xi to Yi (Xi/Yi), Zp to Ap (Zp/Ap), Zi to Ai (Zi/Ai) and the systolic fraction of PV forward flow were calculated. Among these variables, the Zi/Ai ratio was most strongly correlated with PCWP (R = 0.80). The Zi/Ai ratio may not be influenced by atrial function because the augmentation of atrial pump function increases Zi as well as Ai, and this may be one reason why the ratio correlated well with PCWP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Zi/Ai ratio is a new useful variable for estimating PCWP by TEE.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Habu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology