title: Mechanism of regulation of malarial invasion by extraerythrocytic ligands.
abstract: Invasion of red cells by Plasmodium falciparum in vitro was inhibited by a range of extracellular ligands, none of which block the major receptors for merozoites. Most effective, in terms of dose response, were two monoclonal antibodies against the Wrb antigen on glycophorin A; wheat germ agglutinin which also binds to glycophorin, and an anti-band 3 monoclonal antibody, caused inhibition of invasion at higher levels of saturation, while concanavalin A, which binds to band 3, was without effect. All the ligands except concanavalin A, increased the rigidity of the host cell membrane. The anti-Wrb antibodies generated the highest dose response effect, but no correlation between invasion and shear elastic modulus of the membrane could be established. All ligands, with the exception of concanavalin A, caused a reduction in the translationally mobile fractions of band 3 and glycophorin, as revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Invasion diminished with loss of mobile band 3, engendered by bound wheat germ agglutinin or anti-band 3, falling precipitately when the mobile fraction fell below 40% of that in unperturbed membranes. Both anti-Wrb antibodies suppressed invasion completely at concentrations insufficient to affect significantly either membrane rigidity or intramembrane protein diffusion. A univalent anti-glycophorin A (Fab) fragment, the parent antibody of which was previously shown to inhibit invasion strongly, had only a modest effect on invasion and induced a correspondingly small change in the mobile fraction of band 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paulitschke
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bayley
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Anstee
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasvol
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Gratzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology*; D006021:Glycophorins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000097:blood; D008560:Membrane Fluidity; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D006021:Glycophorins