title: A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus.
abstract: Three nucleotide data sets, two mitochondrial (COI and ND1) and one nuclear (ribosomal ITS1), have been investigated in order to resolve relationships among species and strains of the genus Echinococcus. The data have some unusual properties in that mitochondrial heteroplasmy was detected in one strain of E. granulosus, and more than one class of ITS1 sequence variant can occur in a single isolate. The data failed to support the hypothesis that E. granulosus, as it is currently viewed, is a single valid species. Rather, the strains of E. granulosus seem to comprise at least three evolutionarily diverse groups, the sheep strain group, bovine strain group and horse strain group. Molecular distances between them are comparable to, or greater than, molecular evolutionary distances observed between recognized species. The affinities of the cervid strain of E. granulosus are unclear because of ambiguous data, but this strain does not appear to be ancestral to others. E. multilocularis may not be distinct from E. granulosus. However, the remaining two species. E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus appear distinct and rather distant from the first two. Based on the results presented here, taxonomic revision of the genus is clearly warranted.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Bancroft Centre, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bowles
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McManus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000032:analysis; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D004446:Echinococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D017238:Genes, Helminth / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV