title: Complement components C1q, C1r/C1s, and C1INH in rheumatoid arthritis. Correlation of in situ hybridization and northern blot results with function and protein concentration in synovium and primary cell cultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the synovial site and the cell types expressing C1q, C1r/C1s, and C1-esterase inhibitor (C1INH) and to characterize newly synthesized C1q in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue and primary cell cultures of synovium from RA patients were analyzed for C1q, C1r/C1s, and C1INH by Northern blotting, in situ hybridization, and pulse-chase experiments for C1q.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The de novo synthesis of C1q, C1r/C1s, and C1INH in synovium and primary cell cultures was proven by Northern blot and by antigenic and functional analysis. In in situ hybridization experiments, the synovial lining cell layer was identified as the site of C1q, C1r, and C1INH expression. In contrast, immunohistologic analysis showed that C1q, C1s, and C1INH proteins were present in a thin film covering the synovial lining cells. In situ hybridization performed on primary cell cultures provided evidence that only macrophages were able to express C1q, whereas fibroblasts and stellate cells synthesized C1r.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The synovium is important for the synthesis and secretion of C1q and C1r/C1s, as well as the control protein C1INH, which supports the idea of a locally occurring inflammatory process in RA patients.
authors.affiliation: Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Breitner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Störkel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reichel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loos
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003174:Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015922:Complement C1q / Q000378:metabolism*; D015923:Complement C1r / Q000378:metabolism*; D003173:Complement C1s / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003174:Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins; D015922:Complement C1q; D015923:Complement C1r; D003173:Complement C1s