title: Elderly men and women are less responsive to startling noises: N1, P3 and blink evidence.
abstract: Previously we observed that the P3 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) elicited by startling noises, and to a lesser extent P3 to target tones, is reduced in the elderly (Ford & Pfefferbaum, 1991). In the current experiment, we tried to eliminate possible effects of age-related hearing deficits on the responses to noises by filtering them to include only frequencies heard best by the elderly (0-1000 Hz) and by setting noise intensity relative to each subject's threshold (sensation level, SL). Twelve younger (mean 22 years) and 12 older (mean 69 years) men and women listened to three sequences of tones (80%, 500 Hz, 70 dB SPL) and noises (20%). One type of noise occurred in each sequence (wide band noise set to 107 dB SPL, narrow band noise set to 107 dB SPL, or narrow band noise set to approximately 65 dB SL). The order of the three sequences was counterbalanced across age and sex. Younger subjects blinked to the noise 4-5 times more often than older subjects and had N1 and P3 amplitudes that were 2-3 times larger, regardless of the noise type. N1 amplitude to the background frequent tones and non-startle blinks did not differ between groups. Thus, even when noises were narrow band and set relative to each subject's threshold, older subjects were less responsive to startling auditory stimuli than were younger.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Isaacks
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*