Maternal smoking and tooth formation in the foetus. II. Tooth crown size in the permanent dentition.
Altogether 2159 pregnancies among black and white Americans in the Collaborative Perinatal Study and dental casts from their children at the age of 6-12 years were studied to determine the effect of maternal smoking on permanent tooth crown dimensions. A trend of reduction, similar to that observed in the deciduous second molars, was found in the permanent first molars and also in the mesio-distal dimension of permanent incisors in relation to sex and race of the children and smoking habits of the mother. In terms of peak in their mitotic growth, the results can be interpreted to indicate a sensitive period of intra uterine development from the 24th to 28th gestational weeks. Comparisons of postnatal body size and differential correlation patterns in affected tooth dimensions with early postnatal body and head size between smokers and non-smokers, suggests that maternal smoking during pregnancy may have an effect on basic growth of the head and body and/or the developmental process that impacts tooth development at some specific sensitive period also during the postnatal formation of these tooth crowns.
Heikkinen
T
T
Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Finland.
Alvesalo
L
L
Osborne
R H
RH
Tienari
J
J
D001724:Birth Weight; D044383:Black People; D001824:Body Constitution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009805:Odontogenesis; D009811:Odontometry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D044465:White People