title: Correlates of stress reactivity in patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors examined individual differences in stress reactivity as well as whether features of the illness itself or psychological characteristics differentiate between patients with bipolar disorder who are highly stress reactive and those who are not.
  
  
  METHODS
  They assessed stressors and bipolar episodes in 58 patients with bipolar disorder followed for at least 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Not only did stress level predict relapse, so did personality variables such as introversion and obsessionality and their interaction with stress. Number of previous episodes of bipolar illness, however, did not affect stress response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are not consistent with the view that episodes of bipolar disorder become increasingly independent of stressors after initial episodes. However, psychological traits may affect reactivity to stressors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, UCLA 90024-1563, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swendsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hammen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gitlin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007439:Introversion, Psychological; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009770:Obsessive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011336:Probability; D012008:Recurrence