title: Do spermatozoa secrete motility enhancing factor?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether medium conditioned with human spermatozoa was capable of enhancing sperm motility and penetration ability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired aliquots of washed spermatozoa were allowed to incubate for nine different incubation periods, ranging from 15 to 240 minutes in 37 degrees C in humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. After this, they were centrifuged at 600 x g for 6 minutes. The conditioned medium was removed from one tube of each pair and replaced with fresh medium. In the other tube of the same pair the sperm pellet was resuspended in the same medium. In a second set of experiments, conditioned medium was removed from tubes containing samples of spermatozoa after different predefined incubation periods. This was used to replace medium that had been removed from sperm cells that had been incubated for 120 minutes. Motility and penetration of zona-free hamster eggs were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Removal of the incubation medium at times between 15 to 240 minutes resulted in sperm that showed a gradual decrease in motility and penetration ability followed by a gradual increase in motility and penetration ability, i.e., an inverted bell-shaped effect. The addition of conditioned medium obtained after different periods of incubation to spermatozoa where medium was removed after 120 minutes of incubation resulted in an increase in sperm motility and penetration ability. The longer the medium was conditioned with spermatozoa the more prominent the effect on sperm motility and penetration ability, with maximal effect observed with medium conditioned for 120 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medium conditioned with human spermatozoa enhances sperm motility and penetration ability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hospital-Mt Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimonovitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ron
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Manor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Har-Nir
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hochner-Celnikier
mesh_terms: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned