title: Effects of offering advance directives on quality adjusted life expectancy and psychological well-being among ill adults.
abstract: Two hundred and four patients from various clinical services at the San Diego Veterans' Administration Medical Center and the University of California, San Diego Medical Center were randomly assigned to either experimental (offered the opportunity to execute an Advance Directive regarding the level of care they wanted to receive if incapacitated) or control (no Advance Directive offered) conditions. Patients were given a baseline interview and re-interviewed at specific intervals (3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after baseline, and every 6 months thereafter). Outcome measures included the Qualitty of Well-being Scale, a measure of health status, and the General Well-being Index, a measure of psychological well-being. All differences between the health status and psychological well-being of experimental and control groups 3.5 years after the randomization were non-significant. Methodological implications of including mortality as part of the outcomes are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0622, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016223:Advance Directives / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002140:California; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000523:psychology*