title: Epidermal growth factor-stimulated parathyroid hormone-related protein expression involves increased gene transcription and mRNA stability.
abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) produced rapid and striking effects on parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) gene expression in the immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Steady-state levels of PTHrP mRNA and secreted PTHrP were increased 10-fold by maximally effective concentrations of EGF. EGF increased both PTHrP gene transcription and PTHrP mRNA stability. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated a 4-fold increase in transcriptional rate in EGF-stimulated cells while transient transfection analysis indicated that the action of EGF on transcription involved both the GC-rich promoter, P2, and the downstream TATA promoter, P3, but apparently not the upstream TATA promoter, P1. In experiments where EGF treatment produced more stable PTHrP transcripts, the half-life of c-fos mRNA was unaltered, suggesting a relatively specific effect of EGF. Moreover, only those species of PTHrP mRNA containing two of the alternative 3' exons (exons VII and VIII) were stable, those containing exon IX were not. Reverse-transcription PCR demonstrated that EGF produced differential increases in the abundance of PTHrP mRNA species initiated by the three PTHrP promoters. The major effect was seen on the abundance of transcripts initiated by P1 and P2, with less marked regulation of P3-initiated transcripts. Thus EGF regulation of PTHrP gene expression in HaCaT cells is multifactorial and the combination of its actions at the 5' and 3' ends of the gene favours the accumulation of subpopulations of PTHrP mRNA containing exons I, VII and VIII.
authors.affiliation: St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Southby
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: O'Keeffe
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gillespie
mesh_terms: D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005796:Genes; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C470121:PTHLH protein, human; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor