title: Computer-based screening of patients with HIV/AIDS for clinical-trial eligibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the potential effect of a computer-based system on accrual to clinical trials, we have developed methodology to identify retrospectively and prospectively patients who are eligible or potentially eligible for protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart abstraction with computer screening of data for potential protocol eligibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A county-operated clinic serving human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients with or without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomly selected group of 60 patients who were HIV-infected, 30 of whom had an AIDS-defining diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a computer-based eligibility screening system, for each clinic visit and hospitalization, patients were categorized as eligible, potentially eligible, or ineligible for each of the 17 protocols active during the 7-month study period. Reasons for ineligibility were categorized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the patients was enrolled on a clinical trial during the 7-month period. Thirteen patients were identified as eligible for protocol; three patients were eligible for two different protocols; and one patient was eligible for the same protocol during two different time intervals. Fifty-four patients were identified as potentially eligible for a total of 165 accrual opportunities, but important information, such as the result of a required laboratory test, was missing, so that eligibility could not be determined unequivocally. Ineligibility for protocol was determined in 414 (35%) potential opportunities based only on conditions that were amenable to modification, such as the use of concurrent medications; 194 (17%) failed only laboratory tests or subjective determinations not routinely performed; and 346 (29%) failed only routine laboratory tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are substantial numbers of eligible and potentially eligible patients who are not enrolled or evaluated for enrollment in prospective clinical trials. Computer-based eligibility screening when coupled with a computer-based medical record offers the potential to identify patients eligible or potentially eligible for clinical trial, to assist in the selection of protocol eligibility criteria, and to make accrual estimates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Musen
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Shortliffe
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies