title: Long-term survival in small-cell lung cancer: posttreatment characteristics in patients surviving 5 to 18+ years--an analysis of 1,714 consecutive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) the characteristics of those who survive for > or = 5 years, to identify long-term prognostic factors, to analyze survival data of 5-year survivors, and to study 10-year survival in patients entered before 1981.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,714 unselected patients with SCLC were treated with combination chemotherapy in nine consecutive clinical trials from 1973 to 1991. All medical records were reviewed and follow-up data obtained to analyze and compare pretreatment and posttreatment characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients survived longer than 5 years. Late relapses occurred in 15.0% of 5-year survivors and secondary malignancies in 20.0%. Twenty-six patients are still alive and disease-free 5 to 18 years (median, 9.5 years) from initiation of treatment. Extensive-stage disease, performance status (PS) more than 2, liver and bone marrow metastases, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase levels were all negative prognostic factors. The 5-year survival rate was 3.5% (limited-stage disease, 4.8%; extensive-stage disease, 2.3%), and the 10-year survival rate was 1.8% (limited-stage disease, 2.5%; extensive-stage disease, 1.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term survival can be achieved for both stages of SCLC, but without any change in survival rates over the last decade. Long-term survivors continuously seem to have considerable mortality due to late relapses and secondary malignancies, especially tobacco-related cancers and other tobacco-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lassen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osterlind
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dombernowsky
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase