title: Relations between heart failure, ejection fraction, arrhythmia suppression and mortality: analysis of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the relations between heart failure, ejection fraction, arrhythmia suppression and mortality.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Both left ventricular ejection fraction and functional class of heart failure are strongly associated with mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Both are also related to the presence of ventricular arrhythmias and have been identified as factors related to the ability to suppress ventricular arrhythmias. Little has been reported about the relations between these two factors and arrhythmia suppression or mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data from the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial were used to define several categories of heart failure and to relate both the resulting categories and ejection fraction to arrhythmia suppression and mortality using logistic and survival regression analytic methodologies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of the prospective baseline definition of heart failure used, the data consistently showed that heart failure was a more powerful predictor of subsequent congestive heart failure events and arrhythmia suppression and was equally powerful in predicting death. However, each variable provided incremental information when included in the prediction model. Heart failure and ejection fraction appeared to be independent predictors of death. Interactions were observed: A low ejection fraction was more predictive of failure of arrhythmia suppression in patients with than without evidence of heart failure before or at baseline; a low ejection fraction was more predictive of subsequent congestive heart failure events in patients without than with evidence of heart failure before or at baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although heart failure as a prognostic feature appears to be somewhat superior to ejection fraction, both are powerful predictors of arrhythmia suppression and cardiac events in patients with ventricular arrhythmia after myocardial infarction. Each provides incremental prediction.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Center, University of Washington, Seattle 98105, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hallstrom
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huther
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DeMaria
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D016700:Encainide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005424:Flecainide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016293:Moricizine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D016293:Moricizine; D005424:Flecainide; D016700:Encainide