title: Protein kinase C regulates calmodulin expression in NRK cells activated to proliferate from quiescence.
abstract: We have investigated the levels of calmodulin protein and calmodulin mRNA species during proliferative activation of NRK cells. Cells activated to proliferate from quiescence started to replicate DNA at 15 h, reaching a maximum at 20 h after serum addition. The maximum of mitosis was observed at 24 h. Quiescent cells showed a calmodulin concentration of 1.5 ng/micrograms of protein. At 10 h after serum addition the amount of calmodulin started to increase, reaching values of 3.0 ng/micrograms of protein at 24 h. NRK cells expressed predominantly 3 species of calmodulin transcripts: the 1.7 kb from CaM I, the 1.4 kb from CaM II and the 2.3 kb from CaM III. The amount of all the 3 transcripts was low in quiescent cells and 10 h after activation the levels were already high, reaching a maximum around 20 h. At the latter time the amount of the 3 calmodulin mRNAs was 5-10-fold higher than in serum starved cells. Run-on experiments showed that at 20 h after activation the transcription rates of the 3 calmodulin genes were higher than in quiescent cells. The addition of protein kinase C inhibitors to the cultures blocked the increase of the calmodulin transcripts while inhibitors of protein kinase A did not have any effect. Moreover, the addition of submitogenic doses of phorbol 12-tetradecanoate induced the increase of all 3 calmodulin transcripts. These results indicate that protein kinase C regulates calmodulin expression when NRK cells are activated to proliferate.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Girona
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bachs
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agell
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D003260:Contact Inhibition; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D002147:Calmodulin; D003470:Culture Media; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D007546:Isoquinolines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013449:Sulfonamides; D015759:Ionomycin; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019311:Staurosporine; C059539:midostaurin; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate