title: Severe hyponatremia and hyperkalemia induced by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
abstract: An antimicrobial agent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Tmp-Smx) does not usually cause electrolyte disturbances at regular doses, and few cases of Tmp-Smx-induced electrolyte imbalance have been reported in the English-language literature to date. Recently, however, we treated two patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who developed severe hyponatremia and hyperkalemia on administration of high-dose Tmp-Smx. These electrolyte disturbances were attributable to the direct effect of Tmp-Smx on the renal distal tubules, were reversible, and corrected by infusion of a sodium-enriched and potassium-free liquid. Therefore, it is suggested that even after electrolyte disturbances have occurred, high-dose Tmp-Smx therapy may be continued for severe infectious diseases under appropriate electrolyte correction.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination