title: Transfusion-transmitted retrovirus infection.
abstract: This article reviews the history, classification, and disease associations of the known human retroviruses and outlines their profound effects on the practice of transfusion medicine. The immunodeficiency viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2, produce a cytolytic effect on infected lymphocytes, and are the causative agents of AIDS. In contrast are the oncoviruses, including HTLV-I and HTLV-II, which are typically lymphoproliferative and able to induce cellular transformation. Human foamy viruses, more recently recognized as a potential human neuropathogen, resemble the other retroviruses with their complex genome organization and structure.
authors.affiliation: American Red Cross, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis; D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000592:standards; D003219:Confidentiality; D015480:Deltaretrovirus Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006800:Deltaretrovirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015367:Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014766:Viremia / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D015480:Deltaretrovirus Antibodies