title: Neurotoxicity of advanced glycation endproducts during focal stroke and neuroprotective effects of aminoguanidine.
abstract: Cerebral infarction (stroke) is a potentially disastrous complication of diabetes mellitus, principally because the extent of cortical loss is greater in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients. The etiology of this enhanced neurotoxicity is poorly understood. We hypothesized that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which have previously been implicated in the development of other diabetic complications, might contribute to neurotoxicity and brain damage during ischemic stroke. Using a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia, we show that systemically administered AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) significantly increased cerebral infarct size. The neurotoxic effects of AGE-BSA administration were dose- and time-related and associated with a paradoxical increase in cerebral blood flow. Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of AGE cross-linking, attenuated infarct volume in AGE-treated animals. We conclude that AGEs may contribute to the increased severity of stroke associated with diabetes and other conditions characterized by AGE accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meistrell
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cockroft
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Risucci
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broome
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vlassara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000633:toxicity*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006146:Guanidines; D009498:Neurotoxins; C081628:advanced glycation end products-bovine serum albumin; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C004479:pimagedine