title: Effect of orotic acid on TGF-beta 1-induced growth inhibition of L1210 leukemic cells.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) exerted growth-inhibitory effect on L1210 leukemic cell line, manifested by the decrease in viable and increase in dead cells. The cell death evoked by TGF-beta 1 was both necrotic and apoptotic, quantified by the trypan blue exclusion method and apoptotic index, respectively. The induction of programmed cell death by TGF-beta 1 was confirmed by gel electrophoresis of DNA, where the characteristic 'DNA ladder' resulting from the internucleosomal DNA cleavage was visualized. The enhancement of cell mortality by TGF-beta 1 was associated with the inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) expression (measured by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method) and impaired activity of this key enzyme in polyamine synthesis. Orotic acid (OA)--a known tumor promoter--stimulated proliferation of L1210 leukemic cells and diminished the necrotic effect of TGF-beta 1, but it did not change the extent of apoptosis evoked by TGF-beta 1. OA increased the expression of ODC and diminished depressional influence of TGF-beta 1 on transcription and activity of ODC in leukemic cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OA is a bioactive compound stimulating the growth of leukemic cells and diminishing the growth-inhibitory effect of TGF-beta 1. ODC gene is probably one of the targets for both OA and TGF-beta 1 influences in L1210 leukemic cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw Agricultural University, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grzelkowska
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motyl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malicka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trzeciak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filipecki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D007939:Leukemia L1210 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D009963:Orotic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D009963:Orotic Acid