title: cAMP-independent effects of cholera toxin on B cell activation. III. Cholera toxin A subunit-mediated ADP-ribosylation acts synergistically with ionomycin or IL-4 to induce B cell proliferation.
abstract: To investigate whether ADP-ribosylation of proteins by cholera toxin could influence B cell activation, B cells were incubated with the A subunit of cholera toxin. Ionomycin acted synergistically to induce B cell proliferation with the A subunit of cholera toxin but not with cAMP-enhancing agents or with the B subunit of cholera toxin, suggesting that the synergistic effect of the A subunit was mediated via ADP-ribosylation and not via cAMP elevations or ganglioside GM1 binding. Indeed, inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation blocked the synergistic effect. Unlike anti-Ig, B cell proliferation stimulated by LPS or by the combination of the A subunit and ionomycin was observed in protein kinase C (PKC)-depleted B cells. However, neither the A subunit nor ionomycin enhanced B cell proliferation stimulated by low dose LPS, suggesting that the A subunit plus ionomycin stimulated an activation pathway distinct from the LPS-stimulated pathway. Additionally, unlike LPS, the A subunit plus ionomycin did not stimulate B cells in vitro to secrete Ig. IL-4 acted synergistically with the A subunit to induce B cell proliferation to the same extent as it did with anti-Ig; unlike the anti-Ig plus IL-4 synergy, however, the A subunit plus IL-4-mediated synergy persisted in PKC-depleted B cells. Taken together, our data suggest that cholera toxin A subunit-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation modifies a non-Gs protein involved in the activation of B cells, either through a novel pathway or at a point distal to the activation of PKC along the anti-Ig-stimulated pathway.
authors.affiliation: Section on Rheumatology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurosky
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pecanha
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mond
mesh_terms: D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015847:Interleukin-4; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D000001:Calcimycin; D015759:Ionomycin; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D000242:Cyclic AMP