title: Elective intubation for neurologic deterioration after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide data to guide physicians and family when deciding whether a patient should be electively intubated after ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chart review and patient interview. Clinical course, neurologic outcome, and financial and psychosocial effect of the decision to intubate were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurology/Neurosurgery critical care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of our last 250 acute carotid territory ischemic stroke cases, we found 20 patients (8%) who were electively intubated, after CT and neurologic assessment, for neurologic deterioration.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients received standard medical therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intubation occurred 3 hours to 7 days (mean, 41 hours) after the onset of symptoms; six of 20 patients required intubation within the first 6 hours. Once clinical deterioration began, 10 of 20 patients required intubation within 1 hour. Six of 20 patients were discharged alive; two subsequently died, one is mostly dependent, two became mostly independent (one of these had a hemicraniectomy and is still improving, and the other died of an intercurrent illness 4 years after her stroke), and one is totally independent. The four "good" outcome survivors were distinguished by higher Glasgow Coma Scale scores (9.2 versus 5.9), and extubation was usually possible within 72 hours. For nonsurvivors, mean hospitalization after intubation was 6.4 days. In survivors, the monthly uninsured cost was $0 to $2,000, and caregivers experienced moderate stress. The same decision would be repeated by 76% of caregivers; 53% of caregivers would want intubation for themselves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Satisfactory outcome is possible in the 8% of ischemic stroke patients requiring elective intubation. Possible predictors of good outcome include less severe depression of consciousness at the time of intubation, extubation within 3 days, and hemicraniectomy. In retrospect, most families would repeat the decision to intubate. Further study in more patients of the cost/benefit of cerebral resuscitation after stroke is greatly needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grotta
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pasteur
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khwaja
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramirez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis