Isolation and characterization of the human tissue transglutaminase gene promoter.
Tissue transglutaminase belongs to a family of calcium-dependent enzymes, the transglutaminases that catalyze the covalent cross-linking of specific proteins by the formation of epsilon (gamma-glutamyl)lysine isopeptide bonds. The goal of this study has been the isolation and characterization of the human tissue transglutaminase gene promoter. Genomic DNA clones, spanning the 5' region of the gene, were isolated and the structure of the 5'-end of the human tissue transglutaminase gene was determined. 1.74 kilobases of flanking DNA were sequenced and were found to contain a TATA box element (TATAA), a CAAT box element (GGACAAT), a series of potential transcription factor-binding sites (AP1, SP1, interleukin-6 response element), and a glucocorticoid response elements. Transient transfection experiments showed that this DNA fragment included a functional promoter, which is constitutively active in multiple cell types.
Lu
S
S
Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77225, USA.
Saydak
M
M
Gentile
V
V
Stein
J P
JP
Davies
P J
PJ
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D004247:DNA; D011503:Transglutaminases