title: A cell cycle checkpoint monitors cell morphogenesis in budding yeast.
abstract: Checkpoint controls are regulatory pathways that inhibit cell cycle progression in cells that have not faithfully completed a prior step in the cell cycle. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA replication and spindle assembly are monitored by checkpoint controls that prevent nuclear division in cells that have failed to complete these processes. During the normal cell cycle, bud formation is temporally coincident with DNA replication and spindle assembly, and the nucleus divides along the mother-bud axis in mitosis. In this report, we show that inhibition of bud formation also causes a dramatic delay in nuclear division. This allows cells to recover from a transient disruption of cell polarity without becoming binucleate. The delay occurs after DNA replication and spindle assembly, and results from delayed activation of the master cell cycle regulatory kinase, Cdc28. Cdc28 activation is inhibited by phosphorylation of Cdc28 on tyrosine 19, and by delayed accumulation of the B-type cyclins Clb1 and Clb2. These results suggest the existence of a novel checkpoint that monitors cell morphogenesis in budding yeast.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D017489:CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D016200:Maturation-Promoting Factor / Q000032:analysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009154:Mutation; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D020666:ras-GRF1
chemical_list: C073594:CDC24 protein, S cerevisiae; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D020666:ras-GRF1; D014443:Tyrosine; D017489:CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae; D016200:Maturation-Promoting Factor; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases