title: Stability of standardized patients' performance in a study of clinical decision making.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standardized patients (SPs) have been used extensively in teaching, but their reliability for use in research has been infrequently addressed. This study analyzes the reliability of performance of 13 SPs during 228 doctor-patient encounters in a year-long study related to the diagnosis of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient scenarios were based on real patient cases. Four of the five cases had major depressive disorder. Two to three SPs were coached to enact each of the five case scenarios. Medical encounters were videotaped. Interview content was extracted onto a standardized checklist. Interaction between physician and patient was measured by the Interactional System for Interview Evaluation. Tests of SP performance reliability included the: 1) consistency of symptoms volunteered, 2) stability of affect and behavior, and 3) association of SP performance to detection of depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of SP performances was 20.8 (SD = 5.8), with a range of 6 to 28. Problems with reliability emerged in one of the five patient cases. Results otherwise revealed high intra-performance and inter-performance reliabilities. Detection of depression was consistent across SPs and with the rates reported in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that performances, within and among SPs, remained consistent, even when intervals between performances were as long as 3 months.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Badger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: deGruy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Plant
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leeper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ficken
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Templeton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nutt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D016544:Patient Simulation; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014741:Video Recording