title: Investigation of the personality structure in patients with vitiligo and a possible association with impaired catecholamine metabolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with vitiligo show an increased beta 2-adrenoceptor density in differentiating vitiliginous keratinocytes correlating with a defective extracellular calcium uptake. Thirty-one percent of the patients present increased norepinephrine levels in their urine and 98% in their plasma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to find out whether these patients may: (a) have a characteristic personality structure and/or (b) show an increased stress sensitivity towards physical/environmental/hormonal changes in association with a defective catecholamine metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The investigation included a randomized group of 117 patients with vitiligo (89 female, 28 male). Catecholamines were determined in plasma in a random sample of the total group (n = 30, M/F = 10/20). Norepinephrine levels in plasma were significantly higher compared to controls, whereas epinephrine was within the normal range. No specific personality pattern was found although divergencies from the normal healthy control were observed in 5 out of 12 personality dimensions. Moderate to intolerable disfigurement and psychological disturbance were stated by 75% of the patients. Evaluation of the educational status revealed that 26.5% of the patients graduated successfully from university compared to 8.4% in the normal population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest a possible link between catecholamine-based stress and a genetic susceptibility to the onset/progression of this depigmentation disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Salzer
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Schallreuter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D002118:Calcium; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine