title: The bizarreness effect: it's not surprising, it's complex.
abstract: Higher recall of bizarre images relative to common images (the bizarreness effect) is consistently found when bizarreness is varied as a within-subject (mixed-list) variable. In Experiment 1, mixed lists, rather than the smaller number of bizarre sentences typically used in such lists, determined the occurrence of the bizarreness effect. Contrary to predictions from expectation-violation theory, Experiments 2 and 3 showed that manipulations designed to augment or attenuate surprise reactions to bizarre sentences had little impact on the bizarreness effect. Experiments 4 and 5 indicated that mixing affected the degree to which participants differentially encoded order information for bizarre and common items. A new account of the bizarreness effect is presented that combines considerations of distinctiveness with the differential use of order information across bizarre and common items.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Einstein
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: DeLosh
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brady
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D012660:Semantics; D014706:Verbal Learning