Regulation of autoimmune response.
Recent work on such apparently disparate fields as T-cell receptor peptide-induced regulation, superantigens, antigen-induced tolerance, models of peripheral tolerance, apoptosis, and T-cell receptor antagonists demonstrates a similarity in immune response from a regulatory perspective. In many systems, a 'tolerance' pathway is observed, characterized broadly as an initial disturbance in the immune system, with a resulting predominance of effector cells, followed by a homeostatic response (often requiring CD8+ cells) which leads the effector population into T-cell receptor downregulation, T-cell inactivation, anergy and, often, eventual apoptotic death. In the regulated immune response, mixed populations of anergized and apoptosing T cells can be found. In some cases, anergy appears to lead to death while, in other instances, cells revert to a functional state. This review focuses on recent papers examining each of these topics in an attempt to obtain a preliminary integrated picture of immune regulation in autoimmune diseases.
Ridgway
W M
WM
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305.
Weiner
H L
HL
Fathman
C G
CG
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D016207:Cytokines; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology
D001324:Autoantigens; D016207:Cytokines; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D018089:Superantigens