title: Diabetic embryopathy: possible pathogenesis.
abstract: Despite recent emphasis upon improved metabolic control during early diabetic pregnancy, the offspring of insulin-dependent diabetic women continue to have a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of congenital malformations. We recently evaluated the affected offspring of 4 insulin-dependent diabetic women. All had abnormal ears in association with vertebral defects. Our analysis of the structural defects of these infants and a review of the literature suggest that the pathogenesis of some cases of the diabetic embryopathy may involve a primary insult to developing somite mesoderm and associated cephalic neural crest cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Msall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology; D004423:Ear / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D006312:Hearing Loss, Bilateral / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000473:pathology; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology