title: Neuroendocrine responses to real and simulated BA Hawk MK 51 flight.
abstract: The effects of psychological workload on the plasma levels of eight neuroendocrine hormones were studied in 5 undergraduate and 5 senior military pilots of the Finnish Air Force (FAF). All subjects performed the same short-term basic flight mission, which included the following: 1) start; 2) ILS-approach in minimum weather conditions; 3) visual approach; and 4) landing. The mission was performed twice: first with the BA Hawk MK 51 simulator with minimal G-forces and after that with a BA Hawk MK 51 jet trainer with Gz-forces below +2. Blood samples were collected 30 min before and 10 min after the mission and were measured for adrenaline, noradrenaline, ACTH, beta-endorphin, prolactin, vasopressin (AVP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and cortisol. The plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, ACTH, beta-endorphin, and cortisol did not change significantly in response to simulated or real flight. Plasma prolactin levels increased significantly (p = 0.037) in all subjects after the mission performed with jet trainer, and the increase was especially great in cadets. However, the same mission performed with the simulator did not raise plasma prolactin levels. This finding suggests that the psychological workload in a flight simulator does not correspond to the psychological workload in a real jet trainer, at least not in basic flying. Plasma AVP increased significantly (p = 0.032) after the mission performed with the simulator in cadets; this increase can be described as a "first-time effect." Plasma ANP also increased significantly (p < 0.05) after a real jet trainer flight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leino
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leppäluoto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huttunen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruokonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuronen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001359:Aviation; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005387:Finland; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000097:blood*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D006728:Hormones; D009479:Neuropeptides; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor