title: Energy expenditure and clearing snow: a comparison of shovel and snow pusher.
abstract: In order to assess the energy demands of manual clearing of snow, nine men did snow clearing work for 15 min with a shovel and a snow pusher. The depth of the snowcover was 400-600 mm representing a very heavy snowfall. Heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (R), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were determined during the work tasks. HR, VE, R, and RPE were not significantly different between the shovel and snow pusher. HR averaged (+/- SD) 141 +/- 20 b min-1 with the shovel, and 142 +/- 19 beats.min-1 with the snow pusher. VO2 was 2.1 +/- 0.41.min-1 (63 +/- 12%VO2 max) in shovelling and 2.6 +/- 0.51.min-1 (75 +/- 14%VO2max) in snow pushing (p < 0.001). In conclusion manual clearing of snow in conditions representing heavy snowfalls was found to be strenuous physical work, not suitable for persons with cardiac risk factors, but which may serve as a mode of physical training in healthy adults.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Physiology, Vantaa, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smolander
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Louhevaara
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005387:Finland; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012914:Snow
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen