title: The genetics of human cancer: implications for ecotoxicology.
abstract: The study of human cancers has provided evidence that malignant progression is associated with genetic change. It has been suggested that some genetic alterations in tumors may be the result of direct or indirect processes related to environmental chemical exposure. This hypothesis has been supported by genetic evidence in liver tumors which has associated aflatoxin B1 exposure with the detection of inactivating DNA mutations within the human p53 tumor suppressor gene. The detection of activating ras oncogene mutations at high frequency in liver tumors of feral fish suggest that the survey of mutations in genes, such as p53 or other genes, might provide a genetic signature for specific chemical exposure in tissues of aquatic animals derived from environmentally damaged sites.
authors.affiliation: SUGEN, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McMahon
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004463:Ecology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000187:drug effects; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000187:drug effects; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D009153:Mutagens / Q000009:adverse effects; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009153:Mutagens; D016604:Aflatoxin B1