title: Measurement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24 in serum by an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay, the two-site immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen was measured by an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (two-site immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay). The antigen was reacted simultaneously with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-biotinyl-bovine serum albumin-anti-recombinant p24 (rp24) Fab' conjugate and anti-rp24 Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate. The complex that was formed, comprising the three components, was transferred from polystyrene beads coated with affinity-purified (anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl group) immunoglobulin G (IgG) to polystyrene beads coated with streptavidin. The detection limit of rp24 was 2.4 fg (0.1 amol) per assay or 0.24 pg/ml with as little as 10 microliters of serum. When sera were treated at low pH, p24 was detected in 34 (68%) of 50 serum samples from asymptomatic carriers, in 25 (86%) of 29 serum samples from patients with advanced HIV-1 infection, and in none of 117 serum samples from HIV-1-seronegative individuals. Levels of p24 in serum were inversely correlated to those of anti-HIV-1 p24 IgG, and the recovery of rp24 added to serum decreased to zero with increasing levels of anti-HIV-1 p24 IgG in serum. This sensitive method may be used as a powerful tool for investigating the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashinaka
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishikata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinagawa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000097:blood*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014766:Viremia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007202:Indicators and Reagents