title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of Mahaim tachycardia by targeting Mahaim potentials at the tricuspid annulus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reentrant tachycardias associated with Mahaim pathways are rare but potentially troublesome. Various electrophysiological substrates have been postulated and catheter ablation at several sites has been described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and feasibility of targeting discrete Mahaim potentials recorded on the tricuspid annulus for the delivery of radiofrequency energy in the treatment of Mahaim tachycardia.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 patients out of a consecutive series of 579 patients referred to one of three tertiary centres for catheter ablation of accessory pathways causing tachycardia. All had symptoms and presented with tachycardia of left bundle branch block configuration or had this induced at electrophysiological study. In all cases, the tachycardia was antidromic with anterograde conduction over a Mahaim pathway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  6 patients had additional tachycardia substrates (4 had accessory atrioventricular connections and 2 had dual atrioventricular nodal pathways and atrioventricular nodal reentry). After ablation of the additional pathways, Mahaim potentials were identified in 16 (76%) associated with early activation of the distal right bundle branch and radiofrequency energy at this site on the tricuspid annulus abolished Mahaim conduction in all 16 cases. In 2 patients there was early ventricular activation at the annulus without a Mahaim potential but radiofrequency energy abolished pre-excitation. In the remaining patients no potential could be found (1 patient), no tachycardia could be induced after ablation of an additional pathway (1 patient), or no Mahaim conduction was evident during the study (1 patient). During follow up (1-29 months (median 9 months)) all but 1 patient remained symptom free without medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional accessory pathways seem to be common in patients with Mahaim tachycardias. The identification of Mahaim potentials at the tricuspid annulus confirms that most of these pathways are in the right free wall and permits their successful ablation and the abolition of associated tachycardia.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, St George's Hospital, London.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Heald
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Garratt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rowland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002648:Child; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011227:Pre-Excitation, Mahaim-Type / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000601:surgery*