title: Blindness secondary to injections in the nose, mouth, and face: cause and prevention.
abstract: The potential hazard of blindness from injections in the face, nose, and mouth and the mechanisms by which this complication takes place are discussed. Precautionary measures, which we originally recommended for nasal turbinate injections, appear to be applicable for all injections in this area. We encourage their usage.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: McCleve
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D001766:Blindness / Q000209:etiology*; D003813:Dentistry; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009055:Mouth; D009666:Nose; D009885:Ophthalmology; D010036:Otolaryngology; D013518:Surgery, Plastic