title: A formalin-inactivated vaccine protects against mucosal papillomavirus infection: a canine model.
abstract: A formalin-inactivated canine oral papilloma homogenate was used as a vaccine to prevent infection by the oncogenic, mucosotropic canine oral papillomavirus (COPV) in beagle dogs. Twenty-six dogs received 2 doses of phosphate-buffered saline intradermally and 99 dogs received 2 doses of the inactivated vaccine. One month after the second dose all dogs were challenged with infectious COPV by scarification of the oral mucosa. All of the control dogs developed papillomas by 6-8 weeks after challenge while none of the vaccinated dogs did. This vaccine has been used successfully in approximately 60,000 line bred beagles with no untoward effects and with long-lasting protection. These data demonstrate that a systemically administered, formalin-inactivated vaccine can protect against mucosal infection by COPV and suggest approaches for the development of human papillomavirus vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Marshall Farms USA, Inc., North Rose, N.Y., USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ghim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Newsome
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Jenson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlegel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D005557:Formaldehyde