title: Prospective clinicopathologic studies of schizophrenia: accrual and assessment of patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to characterize the neuropsychiatric profile of elderly patients with schizophrenia and establish a patient registry for prospective ante-mortem and post-mortem studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of all chronically institutionalized patients in eight state hospitals who were over the age of 65 and had a chart diagnosis of schizophrenia (N = 528) were reviewed. Of the potential subjects, 192 were excluded because of clinical histories inconsistent with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 56 because of insufficient information to establish a psychiatric diagnosis, and 122 because of family members' refusal to give consent for autopsy in the event of death. To date, 81 of the remaining 158 patients have undergone neuropsychiatric evaluation with standard assessment instruments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mini-Mental State scores of the 81 patients indicated severe dementia, and Functional Assessment Scale scores showed that patients required assistance with activities of daily living. All patients were rated as severely ill on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Ratings on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms indicated a predominance of negative symptoms over positive. Of 30 patients who have died to date, research autopsies have been conducted on 26.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Establishing a well characterized, prospective patient registry for clinicopathologic studies of schizophrenia is feasible but labor intensive. Diagnosis of schizophrenia with a high degree of confidence can be achieved by means of detailed chart review and assessment of current neuropsychiatric functioning with standard rating instruments. These data provide a basis for correlations of clinicopathologic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-4283, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Moberg
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Trojanowski
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001344:Autopsy; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012042:Registries; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology