title: Tetramodality treatment of human melanoma in vitro.
abstract: We evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of combined human tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF), human interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), melphalan (L-PAM) and hyperthermia (HTX) on human melanoma cell lines using the crystal violet assay. HTX (40 degrees C, 1 h) alone had no effect. The responses of the cell lines to TNF were in the rank order of 939 cells > 987 > 284 > C8161 > 852 > A2058 approximately 0, and all displayed shallow dose-response curves; no significant thermal enhancement of TNF cytotoxicity was apparent with this heat dose. All cell lines were sensitive to L-PAM, with 284 cells being the most sensitive; HTX caused only slightly increased sensitization to L-PAM. The combination of TNF and L-PAM resulted in generally subadditive or additive cytotoxicity, with or without HTX. The response to IFN-gamma alone was heterogeneous; the 939, 284 and 852 cell lines were sensitive to a dose as low as 20 ng/ml, whereas the 987 line was resistant to 2.0 micrograms/ml, even with HTX. IFN-gamma enhanced the response to TNF only of the TNF-resistant A2058 cell line, but there was no enhancement of the response to L-PAM for any line. Thus, this tetramodality combination achieved generally subadditive or additive cytoxicity in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Auzenne
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feig
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Tomasovic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klostergaard
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D008558:Melphalan