title: Solid ground in the wetlands of personality: a reply to Block.
abstract: The five-factor model (FFM) of personality offers a structural organization of personality traits in terms of 5 broad factors. J. Block's (1995) critique of the FFM failed to recognize the utility of a trait taxonomy and the intent of research designed to test the 5-factor hypothesis. In a number of instances he omitted reference to empirical evidence that addresses concerns he raised; this evidence shows strong support for the FFM beyond the lexical and questionnaire traditions he reviews. Many of his suggestions for improving the quality of personality research are valuable, but are likely to be more fruitful when used in conjunction with established knowledge about the structure of personality traits: the FFM.
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: McCrae
mesh_terms: D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010553:Personality Development; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results