title: Correlation between cytotoxicity and the elements released by dental casting alloys.
abstract: Elements that caused cytotoxicity of high-noble, noble, and silver-based dental casting alloys were identified by correlating the release of elements with the cytotoxicities of the alloys. Release of elements was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the cytotoxic effect was determined by cellular mitochondrial function. The high-noble alloy released low levels of elements that did not increase after 6 hours, whereas the other alloys released higher levels of elements that increased over time. The cytotoxic effects of the alloys were attributed primarily to the release of silver and copper. In some observations, interactions between silver and copper were suspected of having an effect on the cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wataha
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Malcolm
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hanks
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D003343:Corrosion; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006046:Gold / Q000032:analysis; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010165:Palladium / Q000032:analysis; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D006047:Gold Alloys; D012834:Silver; D010165:Palladium; D006046:Gold; D003300:Copper; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D015032:Zinc