title: Quantification of mitral regurgitant volume by the color Doppler proximal isovelocity surface area method: a clinical study.
abstract: In vitro studies have demonstrated that regurgitant flow rate can be estimated by the color Doppler "proximal isovelocity surface area" (PISA) method. By applying the PISA method and continuity principle, we developed a formula to calculate mitral regurgitant volume: 2 pi r2.VN.FVI/Vo, where r = distance from the first jet alias to mitral leaflets, VN = aliasing velocity, FVI = flow velocity integral or regurgitant jet, and Vo = peak velocity through the regurgitant orifice. Doppler echocardiography was performed in 20 patients with mitral regurgitation. The mitral regurgitant volume was estimated by PISA and compared to cine ventriculographic grading. The results showed an increase in regurgitant volume by PISA compared with increasing angiographic grades of mitral regurgitation: 19 +/- 0.6, 18 +/- 5, 25 +/- 12, and 44 +/- 4 ml for grades 1+ to 4+, respectively (r = 0.77). Thus a formula developed from PISA is able to identify patients with a severe grade of mitral regurgitation and to provide an alternate approach to the noninvasive quantitation of mitral regurgitation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084.
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hixson
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: DeMaria
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011859:Radiography