title: Molecular mechanisms of tissue determination and pattern formation in amphibian embryos.
abstract: Factors of the TGF-beta superfamily (activin, vegetalizing factor) and the FGF family determine endoderm and mesoderm. The dorsoventral polarity of the mesoderm depends on additional factors (BMP-4, Wnt-8, noggin). Activin can directly activate gene transcription by signal transduction. Mesoderm is determined by factors prelocalized in the marginal zone. Its differentiation depends also on the animal ectoderm. Neural inducing factors have been partially purified. A masked neuralizing factor in the ectoderm is activated by induction of the ectoderm to the nervous system. Phorbolester can evoke neuralization signaling.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freien Universität, Berlin.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiedemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiedemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grunz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Knöchel
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians / Q000196:embryology*; D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D004707:Endoderm / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta