title: Rapid primary microwave-aldehyde and microwave-osmium fixation: improved detection of rat parotid acinar cell secretory granule alpha-amylase using a post-embedding immunogold ultrastructural morphometric analysis.
abstract: Studies of methods for improved fixation are becoming increasingly important in the field of quantitative immunocytochemistry. We used microwave (MW)-assisted chemical fixation to show improved retention of salivary gland acinar cell secretory granule alpha-amylase detected by a quantitative immunogold method. Blocks (4-mm3) of rat parotid gland were fixed by the following methods: (a) MW irradiation in an aldehyde fixative (AF) for 6 sec; (b) immersion in AF for 1.5 hr; (c) MW irradiation in osmium tetroxide (OT) for 9 sec; (d) immersion in OT for 1.5 hr; or (e) Sequential MW AF, 10 sec, MW OT rapid treatment (SMAORT), 10 sec. Specimens were processed routinely for transmission electron microscopy. Thin sections of Epon-embedded tissues were exposed first to rabbit IgG anti-human salivary alpha-amylase and second to gold-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Granule area was obtained by a point counting method. Labeling density was calculated as the number of gold particles/micron 2 +/- SD. Specimens fixed in seconds by MW-AF, MW-OT, or SMAORT showed ultrastructural preservation similar to immersion fixation in AF or OT for 1.5 hr. Immunogold labeling density of granule alpha-amylase was highest for SMAORT (874 microns 2) compared to MW-AF (295 microns 2), MW-OT (248 microns 2), routine sequential immersion in AF and OT (229 microns 2), or immersion in OT (no aldehyde) (190 microns 2). This study establishes the improved retention of salivary gland acinar cell secretory granule alpha-amylase and markedly enhanced fixation speed for ultrastructural studies made possible by MW-chemical fixation protocols that use aldehydes and osmium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Login
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dvorak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000201:enzymology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008872:Microwaves; D009992:Osmium; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D016610:Tissue Embedding; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009992:Osmium; D000516:alpha-Amylases