title: Acetylcholine and central respiratory control: perturbations of acetylcholine synthesis in the isolated brainstem of the neonatal rat.
abstract: The brainstem neurochemical processes which support spontaneous ventilation are not known. Cholinergic transmission may play an important role. If this is true, perturbations in acetylcholine (ACh) turnover should alter ventilatory output in a predictable manner. Using the isolated superfused brainstem-spinal axis from the neonatal rat, the effects of modifiers of ACh synthesis on spontaneous C-4 (phrenic) output were determined. 3-Bromopyruvate and hydroxycitrate, inhibitors of acetyl-CoA (substrate for ACh synthesis) formation, caused depression of the C-4 output in a dose-dependent manner when added to the superfusate. Triethylcholine, a false-transmitter generating choline analog, caused a similar depression. Citrate, a cytosolic precursor to acetyl-CoA formation, caused stimulation of C-4 (phrenic) output. The stimulatory effects of citrate were blocked by the muscarinic cholinergic blocker, atropine. These findings are consistent with the view that the ACh synthetic pathway provides a continuous and important input to the normal brainstem elements that support ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nouri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kazemi
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000378:metabolism*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000378:metabolism*; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D011773:Pyruvates; C017092:bromopyruvate; D001285:Atropine; C007999:hydroxycitric acid; D000109:Acetylcholine