title: Respiratory-related discharge patterns of caudal raphe neurones projecting to the upper thoracic spinal cord in the rat.
abstract: Sympathetic activity is modulated by central respiratory drive. Bulbospinal neurones arising in the ventrolateral medulla and A5 region probably contribute to this modulation. In the present investigation the involvement of caudal raphe-spinal neurones in relaying respiratory-related inputs to sympathetic preganglionic neurones was investigated. Experiments were carried out on anaesthetized, vagotomized, paralysed and artificially ventilated rats. Extracellular recordings were made from the cell bodies of 53 caudal raphe neurones activated antidromically by stimulating the spinal cord between T1 and T3. The axonal conduction velocities ranged from 0.7-9.1 m/s (median = 3.8 m/s). Thirty-six of 53 neurones (consisting of neurones with on-going activity and quiescent neurones activated with glutamate) were held long enough for detailed analysis. Of those recorded 26 were in the region of raphe obscurus, nine in raphe pallidus and one in raphe magnus. Twenty-five of 36 neurons had firing patterns related to phrenic nerve discharge. Of the four firing patterns defined: seven neurones had the highest probability of firing during inspiration (inspiratory-related), 10 neurones had the highest probability of firing during expiration (expiratory-related), 3 had the highest probability of firing during post-inspiration (post-inspiratory-related) and 5 had lowest levels of firing during early- and post-inspiratory phases (early and post-inspiratory depressed). Of 27 neurones with axonal projections through or to the region of the intermediolateral cell column in the upper thoracic cord 19 had a respiratory-related discharge pattern. For respiratory-modulated neurones with on-going activity the median of the modal inter-spike intervals was 0.08 s. None of the neurones had an ECG-related firing pattern. The findings of this study also indicate a species difference between rats and cats regarding the physiological properties of some raphe-spinal neurones; i.e., an absence of ECG-related activity in the rats. The characteristics of the neurones recorded in this study are not those of 'typical' 5-HT-containing neurones with reference to axonal conduction velocities and discharge characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gilbey
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Futuro-Neto
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons; D004562:Electrocardiography; D008297:Male; D011385:Projection; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System