title: Fluid and electrolyte losses during tennis in the heat.
abstract: A tennis player's metabolism during play in a hot environment generates an abundance of heat, which is primarily eliminated from the body by evaporation of sweat. An individual's on-court rate of fluid loss will depend on the environmental conditions, intensity of play, acclimatization, aerobic fitness, hydration status, age, and gender. Unless fluid intake closely matches sweat loss, a progressive and significant body water deficit may develop that will proportionately impair cardiovascular and thermoregulatory functions. As a result, a player can experience an increase in core temperature, premature fatigue, performance decrements, and an increased potential for heat illness. Although sweat is hypotonic compared to plasma, extended tennis play, in a hot environment, can lead to sizable Na+ and Cl- losses. Also, ad libitum drinking often leads to involuntary dehydration in these conditions. Therefore, for tennis play and training in the heat, it is important to follow a hydration plan that will minimize on-court water deficits, by optimizing fluid availability, consumption, and absorption. For tennis matches greater than 1 hour in duration, a CHO-electrolyte drink (as described earlier) is the recommended on-court beverage.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maresh
mesh_terms: D003681:Dehydration / Q000503:physiopathology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology; D013715:Tennis / Q000502:physiology*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D015532:Rehydration Solutions