title: Increased proteolytic activity of the granule neurons may contribute to neuronal death in the weaver mouse cerebellum.
abstract: The weaver mouse mutation is a genetic defect of unknown origin that leads to impairment of cerebellar granule neuronal migration and to neuronal cell death. We investigated laminin expression and proteolytic enzyme activity in this migration-deficient mouse mutant in vivo and in vitro to search for a molecular basis for the weaver defect. The weaver cerebellum showed a general increase in immunoreactivity for laminin, for a neurite outgrowth domain of the B2 chain of laminin, and for tissue plasminogen activator compared to the normal animals. Zymographic assays and immunocytochemistry confirmed that tissue plasminogen activator was the proteolytic enzyme synthesized in excess in the weaver mouse cerebellum in vivo. When placed in culture, the weaver granule neurons survived poorly on a laminin substratum, and failed to extend long neurites, unlike the normal cerebellar granule neurons. The cultured weaver granule neurons were proteolytically overactive and secreted excessive amounts of tissue plasminogen activator, which was likely to interfere with their neurite outgrowth potential on a laminin substratum. Indeed, the weaver granule neurons but not the normal neurons degraded laminin from their culture substratum and deposited a neurite outgrowth domain of the B2 chain of laminin onto their surfaces. Electrophysiology showed that the weaver granule neurons had poor resting membrane potentials (-38 V), whereas the normal neurons had normal resting membrane potentials of (-61 V). The resting membrane potentials of the weaver granule neurons were restored to near normal (-59 V) by a protease inhibitor, aprotinin. Aprotinin also rescued the weaver granule neurons from death on a laminin substratum and promoted their neurite outgrowth to the level of the normal animals. These results indicate that increased proteolytic activity accompanied with increased synthesis of laminin, and its B2 chain, distinguish the weaver mutation from the normal animals. These molecular changes may contribute to the impairment of granule neuronal migration and to the neuronal death, characteristic of the weaver mutation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murtomäki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trenkner
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saksela
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liesi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism*; D007797:Laminin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007797:Laminin; D010960:Plasminogen Activators