title: Organic osmolytes in the kidney of domesticated red deer, Cervus elaphus.
abstract: The cortex, inner and outer medulla, and papilla of kidneys of domestic red deer were analysed. In hydrated animals the urine concentration was found to be 672 +/- 45 mOsm.l-1. The medullary and papillary regions of the kidney were rich in the osmolytes betaine, glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), inositol and sorbitol, all of which showed a steep rise in concentration from cortex to papilla. The kidney was rich in free amino acids, in particular taurine, glutamate (+glutamine), glycine and alanine, which were present at concentrations sufficient to suggest a possible role as osmolytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bedford
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smiley
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leader
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D001622:Betaine / Q000378:metabolism; D003670:Deer / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005997:Glycerylphosphorylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009995:Osmosis; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000378:metabolism; D013654:Taurine / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D013654:Taurine; D001622:Betaine; D007294:Inositol; D013012:Sorbitol; D005997:Glycerylphosphorylcholine; D000409:Alanine; D005998:Glycine