title: Exposure of energy-depleted rat trabeculae to low pH improves contractile recovery: role of calcium.
abstract: The beneficial effect of low pH during cardiac ischemia on reperfusion injury has often been attributed to its energy-saving effect due to inhibition of contraction. The role of low pH on Ca2+ accumulation and muscle tension was assessed in energy-depleted tissue by changing the pH of the medium from 7.4 to 6.2 at onset of rigor development during metabolic inhibition (MI), i.e., in the energy-depleted phase. Cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and intracellular H+ (pHi) were measured in rat trabeculae at 20 degrees C with fura 2 and 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, respectively, and tension was recorded. The preparations were energy depleted by stimulation at 1 Hz in glucose-free Tyrode solution with 2 mM NaCN. Rigor developed within 20 min, indicating energy depletion. Resting [Ca2+]i was followed during 50 min (group I) or 100 min (group II) of rigor, and recovery was followed for 60 min in glucose-containing Tyrode solution at 0.2-Hz stimulation. Resting [Ca2+]i rose within 50 min (group I) but stabilized in the 50- to 100-min period (group II). All preparations from group I (n = 5) resumed contraction in the recovery period but in group II (n = 10) 70% failed to recover, and [Ca2+]i remained elevated compared with those that recovered. An extracellular pH of 6.2, resulting in similar pHi, from onset of rigor development (group III) led to only a modest rise in [Ca2+]i during the 100-min rigor period, and all preparations resumed contraction after approximately 3 min in normal medium. ATP was very low in all groups at the end of MI but was still significantly lower in group II than in groups I and III. A beneficial energy-sparing effect of low pH during the rigor phase can therefore not be excluded. We conclude that 1) the capacity of trabeculae to recover from MI depends on the time period and magnitude of the [Ca2+]i rise in the energy-depleted phase and 2) low pH in energy-depleted trabeculae protects against Ca overload, improving recovery after normalization of perfusion conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Physiology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Hardeveld
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: van der Meulen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elzinga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012966:Sodium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C043829:2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein; D012966:Sodium Cyanide; D002118:Calcium