title: Symptoms of psychoses. A factor-analytic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature on the statistical analysis of symptoms of psychoses was limited to positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The present study explored the relationship between positive and negative symptoms as well as affective symptoms in a wider category of psychotic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The symptoms of 584 psychiatric patients, consecutively admitted to any of the 95 mental hospitals in Japan, were studied. They manifested at least one of the following: (a) delusions, (b) hallucinations, (c) formal thought disorder, (d) catatonic symptoms, or (e) negative (defect) symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis yielded five factors interpretable as (a) manic symptoms, (b) depressive symptoms, (c) negative (defect) symptoms and formal thought disorders, (d) positive (psychotic) symptoms, and (e) catatonic symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that although major symptoms seen among psychotic patients can be categorised into positive, negative, manic, and depressive groups, corresponding to current knowledge of phenomenology, catatonic symptoms constitute a discrete syndrome, while formal thought disorders merge into the negative syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociocultural Environmental Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujinawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasahara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology