title: A novel cDNA sequence encoding the precursor of the D-amino acid-containing neuropeptide fulicin and multiple alpha-amidated neuropeptides from Achatina fulica.
abstract: Fulicin (Phe-D-Asn-Glu-Phe-Val-NH2) is an endogenous neuropeptide containing a D-amino acid from ganglia of the African giant snail Achatina fulica. We have cloned a novel cDNA (1,995 nucleotides) encoding a fulicin precursor from the snail cerebral and subesophageal ganglia. The fulicin precursor protein (357 amino acids) contains one copy of fulicin and at least nine other putative alpha-amidated neuropeptides composed of four to six amino acid residues. Seven of the nine neuropeptides were novel, and the other two had the same structures as Mytilus inhibitory peptide-related peptides previously isolated from the ganglia of Helix pomatia. All sequences of 10 peptides are flanked by Lys-Arg(Lys) at the N-terminus and by Gly-Lys-Arg(Lys) at the C-terminus. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that D-Asn present in fulicin is encoded by the usual L-Asn codon (AAT). Although fulicin has as yet only been isolated from the central ganglia. RNA blot analysis revealed that single transcripts of approximately 2.0 kb in size also exist in the ventricles and atria. These results suggest that fulicin and related peptides are produced in neurons and the heart by the processing of a ribosomally made precursor, although the mechanism of in-chain epimerization remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, Mishima, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasuda-Kamatani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minakata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sakiyama
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry*; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000737:chemistry; D015723:Gene Library; D006031:Glycosylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000737:chemistry; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012908:Snails / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; C070040:fulicin