title: Superinfection of a defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus-carrying T cell clone with vif or vpu mutants gives cytopathic virus particles by homologous recombination.
abstract: The partially CD4-expressing T cell clone, Vpr-1, which carries a latent vpr-defective HIV-1 genome and expresses HIV-1 Nef protein only, was permissive to superinfection by HIV-1. Superinfection of Vpr-1 with vif- or vpu-defective mutants, which were noncytopathic, reactivated the vpr-defective virus and led to homologous recombination and cytopathogenesis. The data provide an experimental model for homologous recombination being an important mechanism whereby HIV-1 acquires genetic heterogeneity, and when occurring among defective virus in vivo bestows novel biological activities and virulence.
authors.affiliation: Section of Serology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bahmani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakinuma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nonoyama
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikuta
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D002999:Clone Cells; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016346:Gene Products, vif / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016336:Gene Products, vpr / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D015163:Superinfection / Q000235:genetics*; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015693:Gene Products, nef; D016346:Gene Products, vif; D016336:Gene Products, vpr; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus