title: Deamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine in bovine lenses: a possible mechanism of cataract formation in general.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  3-Hydroxykynurenine, a metabolite of tryptophan, acts as UV filter in the human lens. In this study, we looked for this substance and its metabolites in young and old bovine lenses, because of their possible role in the formation of cataract.
  
  
  METHODS
  The substances were detected by HPLC analysis. The fluorescent substance formed from 3-hydroxykynurenine was characterized by thin-layer chromatography followed by reaction with ninhydrin, UV and fluorescence spectrum analysis, and atom bombardment for molecular mass determination. The kynurenine aminotransferase activity was determined by the method of Tobes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3-Hydroxykynurenine was detected at concentrations of 0.07, 0.19, and 1.14 micrograms/g of tissue in the bovine iris/ciliary body, retina, and transparent bovine lenses respectively. 3-Hydroxykynurenine was deaminated in old bovine eyes but not in calf eyes. In old eyes, kynurenine aminotransferase activity was 2.7, 3.5, and 9.6 mumol/g of tissue per h in retina, iris/ciliary body, and lens respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The deamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine resulted in the formation of a fluorescent substance which was identified as oxidized xanthurenic acid. This substance, accumulating in the bovine lens and interacting with lens proteins, could induce cataract formation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ophalmologie Experiméntale, Institut Universitaire de Pathologie, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Malina
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002386:Cataract / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000378:metabolism; D003459:Crystallins / Q000378:metabolism; D003641:Deamination; D007498:Iris / Q000378:metabolism; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000378:metabolism*; D008190:Lyases; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism; D000637:Transaminases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014977:Xanthurenates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003459:Crystallins; D014977:Xanthurenates; C005045:3-hydroxykynurenine; D007737:Kynurenine; C028330:xanthurenic acid; D000637:Transaminases; C427605:glutamine - phenylpyruvate transaminase; C021481:kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase; D008190:Lyases