Optimizing muscle synchronization after dynamic cardiomyoplasty. Two educational cases.
Muscle stimulator programming is fundamental in ensuring optimal latissimus dorsi graft function after cardiomyoplasty. The ventricle-muscle synchronization delay has a significant effect on graft function, but can be difficult to optimize. The established method for ensuring appropriate synchronization involves the use of M-mode echocardiography. We present two educational cases in which M-mode and Doppler echocardiography have been instrumental in illustrating electrophysiologic and haemodynamic factors which need to be considered in evaluating an appropriate synchronization delay.
Grubb
N R
NR
Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK.
Campanella
C
C
Sutherland
G R
GR
Sinclair
C
C
Fox
K A
KA
D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018421:Cardiomyoplasty; D004452:Echocardiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011182:Postoperative Care; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*