title: Purification and characterization of a coagulant enzyme, okinaxobin II, from Trimeresurus okinavensis (himehabu snake) venom which release fibrinopeptides A and B.
abstract: A coagulant enzyme, okinaxobin I, which was purified from Trimeresurus okinavenis (himehabu snake) venom, released specifically fibrinopeptide B from fibrinogen to form fibrin clots. In the present study, its isozyme denoted as okinaxobin II has been purified to homogeneity from the same venom by chromatographies on Sephadex G-100, CM-Toyopearl 650M, and FPLC Mono-Q columns. Differently from okinaxobin I, okinaxobin II specifically cleaved fibrinopeptides A and B from fibrinogen similarly as found for alpha-thrombin. The enzyme acted on fibrinogen with specific activity of 42 NIH units/mg at optimum pH of 8.0. Okinaxobin II was a monomeric glycoprotein with a mol. wt of 37,500 on SDS-PAGE, which was reduced to 29,500 after treatment with N-glycanase. Okinaxobin II was much more basic (pI = 8.1) than okinaxobin I (pI = 5.4). The N-terminal sequence was highly similar to those of okinaxobin I and some other snake venom coagulant enzymes such as flavoxobin (Trimeresurus flavoviridis), batroxobin (Bothrops atrox and Bothrops moojeni), and catroxobin (Crotalus atrox). Okinaxobin II hydrolyzed tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester and benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide. The esterase activity was strongly inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and to a lesser extent by tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, indicating that the enzyme is a serine protease like alpha-thrombin. In terms of amino acid composition, okinaxobin II was similar to okinaxobin I and dissimilar to alpha-thrombin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nose
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimohigashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001586:Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D007531:Isoflurophate / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013917:Thrombin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014106:Tosylarginine Methyl Ester / Q000737:chemistry; D014107:Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D007527:Isoenzymes; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D007531:Isoflurophate; D014107:Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone; D005340:Fibrinogen; D014106:Tosylarginine Methyl Ester; D001586:Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C068144:okinaxobin I; C093164:okinaxobin II; D013917:Thrombin