title: NFATx, a novel member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells family that is expressed predominantly in the thymus.
abstract: The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) regulates cytokine gene expression in T cells through cis-acting elements located in the promoters of cytokine genes. Here, we report the cDNA cloning, chromosomal localization, and initial characterization of a transcription factor related to NFATp and NFATc. The novel molecule, designated NFATx, exhibits in its middle a region very similar to the Rel homology domain in NFATc and NFATp. The amino-terminal region of NFATx also shows significant similarities to corresponding sequences in NFATc and NFATp and contains three copies of a conspicuous 17-residue motif of unknown function. We provide evidence showing that NFATx can reconstitute binding to the NFAT-binding site from the interleukin 2 promoter when combined with AP1 (c-Fos/c-Jun) polypeptides and that NFATx is capable of activating transcription of the interleukin 2 promoter in COS-7 cells when stimulated with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore. NFATx mRNA is preferentially and remarkably found in the thymus and at lower levels in peripheral blood leukocytes. The expression pattern of NFATx, together with its functional activity, strongly suggests that NFATx plays a role in the regulation of gene expression in T cells and immature thymocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokumitsu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hannum
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494008:NFATC3 protein, human; C494009:Nfatc3 protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA