title: Activation of arc, a putative "effector" immediate early gene, by cocaine in rat brain.
abstract: As immediate early genes (IEGs) are thought to play a critical role in mediating stimulus-induced neuronal plasticity, several laboratories have characterized the IEG response induced by cocaine to help define the changes in gene expression that may underlie its long-lasting behavioral effects. Although activation of several transcription factor IEGs has been described, little is known about which "effector" IEGs, if any, are also induced. In the present study, we have examined whether cocaine administration affects expression of a recently identified "effector" IEG, referred to as arc (activity-regulated, cytoskeleton-associated). This IEG encodes a protein with homology to spectrin that appears to be associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Using in situ hybridization, we have found that systemic cocaine administration elicits a robust, transient rise in arc mRNA levels in striatum, which is suppressed by D1 dopamine receptor blockade, reserpine treatment, or striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. D2 receptor antagonist triggered arc expression when administered alone. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that Arc protein induced by cocaine is expressed in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. As Arc appears to be component of the neuronal cytoskeleton, it may be involved in structural alterations underlying neuronal plasticity triggered by cocaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fosnaugh
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Worley
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baraban
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early / Q000235:genetics*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000235:genetics; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D012110:Reserpine; D016627:Oxidopamine; D003042:Cocaine