title: Study of surgical anatomy for duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors precisely examined the topography of the duodenum, pancreas, bile duct, and supplying vessels from the perspective of performing duodenum-preserving resection of the pancreatic head.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Little has been reported regarding the detailed surgical anatomy that is crucial in this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors precisely examined the local anatomy of the pancreas head and duodenum, using materials from 40 autopsy cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arcade formation between the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal (ASPD) artery and the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal (AIPD) artery was found in all of the cases. After departing from the gastroduodenal artery, the ASPD ran toward a point 1.5 cm below the papilla of Vater, then turned to the posterior aspect of the pancreas to joint the AIPD. In 88% of the cases, an arcade was found between the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal (PSPD) artery and the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal (PIPD) artery. The ASPD, AIPD, PSPD, PIPD, or their branches to the duodenum, the bile duct, and the papilla of Vater were not completely buried in the pancreatic parenchyma in any of these cases. Generally, it was easy to dissect the pancreas from the duodenum because of the loose connection. Near the accessory papilla, however, dissection of the vessels was difficult, and the pancreatic parenchyma sometimes was found in the wall of the duodenum. Dissection of the pancreas from the common bile duct and identification of the main pancreatic duct at the junction with the terminal portion of the bile duct were straightforward in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be possible to remove the head of the pancreas while preserving of the vascular arcades and their branches to the duodenum, the bile duct, and the papilla of Vater.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D010179:Pancreas / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods; D014680:Veins