title: Cardiac output in single-lead VDD pacing versus rate-matched VVIR pacing.
abstract: The importance of atrioventricular synchronous pacing compared with single-chamber rate-responsive pacing is still under discussion, especially for low-intensity workload representing daily life activities. We evaluated hemodynamics in single-lead VDD pacing versus VVIR pacing in 11 patients (8 men and 3 women, aged 58.6 +/- 13.8 years) with normal left ventricular function and a previously implanted single-lead VDDR pacemaker. A low-intensity steady-state treadmill test at 1 to 2.5 mph with a gradient of 2% to 4% was performed. Cardiac output was determined using a standard carbon dioxide rebreathing technique. Initially, the VDD mode was programmed, and after 5 minutes of exercise, cardiac output was measured in steady-state conditions. The pacemaker was then reprogrammed to the VVI mode at a rate 5 to 10 beats above the maximal atrial tracking rate to simulate rate-matched VVIR pacing (VVIRm). After 5 additional minutes of steady-state exercise, cardiac output was measured again. The maximal atrial rate in the VDD mode was 119 +/- 19 beats/min versus a programmed rate of 129 +/- 18 beats/min in the VVIRm mode. VDD pacing resulted in a significantly higher cardiac output than VVIRm pacing (10.6 +/- 1.9 vs 9.2 +/- 1.4 L/min; p < 0.002), with a mean difference of 1.6 +/- 1.2 L/min between the 2 modes. In the VDD mode, stroke volume (90.7 +/- 20.1 vs 71.6 +/- 13.0 ml; p < 0.001) and maximal oxygen uptake (1,183 +/- 264 vs 1,076 +/- 289 ml/min, p < 0.01) were also higher than in VVIRm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: II Medical Clinic, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Voigtländer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Himmrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liebrich
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poschmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Epperlein
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Treese
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial