title: Management and outcome of abdominal shotgun wounds. Trauma score and the role of exploratory laparotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The management and outcome of 138 abdominal shotgun wounds were examined over a 5-year period.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It has been proposed that exploratory laparotomy may be unnecessary and even overused in a subset of patients with abdominal shotgun wounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on shotgun wound patients from October 1987 through March 1992 from a statewide trauma registry were examined. Patients with abdominal shotgun wounds were identified and compared with patients with nonabdominal shotgun wounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 516 shotgun wound patients, 138 (26.7%) had abdominal wounds and 88 (63.8%) had exploratory laparotomies. Abdominal shotgun wounds resulted in significantly longer number of intensive care unit days (4.3 vs. 2.5, p < 0.05), a greater number of blood units transfused (7.8 vs. 2.4, p < 0.05), and a higher mortality (15.9% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.05) when compared with nonabdominal shotgun wounds. When stratified for trauma score, the mortality for abdominal shotgun wounds always was significantly greater than for nonabdominal shotgun wounds. All abdominal shotgun wound patients with trauma scores less than ten died. The negative laparotomy rate for abdominal shotgun wound patients with normal trauma scores was 9.4%. No patient with a negative laparotomy died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abdominal shotgun wounds are a particularly lethal subset of shotgun wounds. Although some abdominal shotgun wound patients can be managed without laparotomy, the morbidity and mortality for these injuries are substantial, even in patients with normal trauma score. Clinical judgment is an excellent predictor of the need for laparotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Oller
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rutledge
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*