title: Deglutitive aspiration in patients with tracheostomy: effect of tracheostomy on the duration of vocal cord closure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deglutitive aspiration in patients with tracheostomy has been attributed to impaired laryngeal movement, loss of protective laryngeal reflexes, and uncoordinated laryngeal closure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tracheostomy on the duration of deglutitive vocal cord closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using concurrent videoendoscopy, respirography, and submental electromyography, deglutitive vocal cord closure and its temporal relationship with deglutitive apnea was compared between patients with tracheostomy and normal volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between-group comparison showed that the duration of vocal cord adduction/abduction in patients with tracheostomy was significantly shorter than that of normal volunteers (P < 0.05). Contrary to normal volunteers, in patients with tracheostomy, 5-mL water swallows significantly increased the duration of vocal cord adduction/abduction compared with that of dry swallows (P < 0.05). In addition, in patients with tracheostomy, deglutitive apnea and submental electromyography were not coordinated with vocal cord kinetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the vocal cords close completely during swallowing in patients with tracheostomy, their duration of closure is significantly shorter compared with normal volunteers. Coordination of deglutitive vocal cord kinetics, apnea, and submental electromyography is altered in patients with tracheostomy. Contrary to normal controls, duration of deglutitive vocal cord closure in patients with tracheostomy is modified by the presence of liquid bolus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milbrath
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toohill
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hogan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001049:Apnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003679:Deglutition; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D007700:Kinetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology*