title: The impact of knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus serostatus on contraceptive choice and repeat pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine relationships among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus, postpartum contraceptive choice, and the rate of repeat pregnancy within a short interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective cohort study was performed in 83 seropositive and 218 seronegative women identified from an inner-city prenatal population undergoing routine voluntary HIV antibody screening from July 1987 through June 1989. Postpartum contraceptive choices and rate of repeat pregnancies were compared based on HIV serostatus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seropositive women were significantly more likely than seronegative women to undergo tubal sterilization (27 versus 15%; odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-5.9). This relationship persisted after controlling for age, race, marital status, and parity by logistic regression modeling (adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4-5.9). Seropositive women were significantly less likely than seronegative women to select oral contraceptives (34 versus 68%; OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.4), a relationship that persisted after controlling for age, race, marital status, parity, and foam and condom use (adjusted OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5). Seropositive women were significantly more likely than seronegative women to select foam and condoms as their primary method of contraception (30 versus 15%; OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.5), a relationship that did not persist after controlling for age, race, marital status, and parity (adjusted OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.3). The risk of repeat pregnancy was slightly lower in seropositive versus seronegative women (34 versus 44%; OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.3). Most repeat pregnancies among seropositive and seronegative women were unplanned (90 and 82%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a relationship between the method of postpartum contraception and HIV serostatus, but no significant difference in repeat pregnancy rates associated with choice of method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017280:Condoms; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies