title: Comparison of astigmatic axis in the seated and supine positions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Refractive error is assessed in the seated position while keratorefractive procedures are performed in the supine position. Since position-induced ocular torsion could yield suboptimal results from improper axis alignment, this study was undertaken to ascertain whether ocular cyclotorsion occurs when a subject moves from a seated to supine position.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty eyes of 29 subjects with refractive cylinder greater than 0.50 diopters were enrolled. Refraction was done with a phoropter and the correction was placed in a trial frame using plus cylinder. Astigmatic axis was determined in the seated and supine positions for 32 eyes by utilizing the "rocking the cylinder" technique and for 32 eyes using the Jackson cross cylinder. Both techniques were used for 14 eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically-significant difference for cylinder axis measured in the seated versus supine position was observed using the rocking the cylinder (4.3 degrees standard deviation [SD], 3.5 degrees, range 0 degrees to 13 degrees, p = NS) or the Jackson cross cylinder methods (2.3 degrees, SD, 1.9 degrees, range 0 degrees to 7 degrees, p = NS). Approximately 25% of eyes had a change in axis of 7 degrees to 16 degrees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the cylinder axis does not change significantly or predictably when most subjects move from the seated to supine position. The Jackson cross cylinder method seems more accurate and reproducible than the rocking the cylinder technique in determination of astigmatic axis under these circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Talamo
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Assil
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Petashnick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology*; D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D011187:Posture; D012029:Refraction, Ocular