title: An in vivo study of the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients at different stages of illness via phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, phospholipid metabolism of cell membranes, high-energy phosphate metabolism, and intracellular free magnesium concentration in the prefrontal cortex of first-episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients and medicated schizophrenic patients at different stages of illness were compared with those of controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Localized in vivo phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectra of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 11 drug-native, eight newly diagnosed medicated, and 10 chronic medicated patients with schizophrenia were compared with controls of similar gender, education, parental education, and handedness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly decreased levels of phosphomonoesters in drug-native, newly diagnosed medicated, and chronic medicated patients and significantly increased levels of phosphodiesters in drug-native patients were observed when compared with controls. There were no significant differences in the levels of high-energy phosphate metabolites between the groups except for a significant decrease in the inorganic orthophosphate levels of newly diagnosed medicated patients. A significant increase in the intracellular free magnesium concentration was observed in drug-naive, newly diagnosed medicated, and chronic medicated patients compared with controls. There were no correlations between the patients' negative and positive symptoms and the observed phosphorus-containing metabolites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reduction in precursors of membrane phospholipid are observed during the early and chronic stages of the schizophrenia illness, and breakdown products of membrane phospholipids are increased at the early stage of illness before medication treatment.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Unit, Montreal (Quebec) Neurological Institute.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Drost
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rylett
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malla
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D008274:Magnesium