title: A national cross-sectional study in the Danish wood and furniture industry on working postures and manual materials handling.
abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders constitute a major problem in the wood and furniture industry and identification of risk factors is needed urgently. Therefore, exposures to different work tasks and variation in the job were recorded based on an observation survey in combination with an interview among 281 employees working in wood working and painting departments. A questionnaire survey confirmed high frequencies of symptoms from the musculoskeletal system: The one-year prevalence of symptoms from the low back was 42% and symptoms from the neck/shoulder was 40%. The exposure was evaluated based on: (1) classification of work tasks, (2) work cycle time, (3) manual materials handling, (4) working postures, and (5) variation in the job. Among the employees 47% performed feeding or clearing of machines, 35% performed wood working or painting materials, and 18% performed various other operations. Among the employees 20% had no variation in their job while 44% had little variation. Manual materials handling of 375 different burdens was observed, which most often occurred during feeding or clearing of machines. The weight of burdens lifted was 0.5-87.0 kg, where 2% had a weight of more than 50 kg. Among the lifting conditions 30% were evaluated as implying a risk of injury. An additional risk factor was the high total tonnage lifted per day, which was estimated to range from 132 kg to 58,800 kg. Working postures implied a risk of injury due to prolonged forward and lateral flexions of the neck, which was seen most frequently during wood working or painting materials. These data substantiate the finding that work tasks mainly during feeding or clearing of machines imply a risk of injury to the low back and a risk of injury to the neck and shoulder area mainly during wood working or painting materials. Optimal strategies for job redesign may be worked out by using these data in order to prevent occupational musculoskeletal disorders.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Physiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sjøgaard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011187:Posture; D012307:Risk Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D014934:Wood