title: Phospholipase D-induced phosphatidate production in intact small arteries during noradrenaline stimulation: involvement of both G-protein and tyrosine-phosphorylation-linked pathways.
abstract: To investigate membrane lipid metabolism during smooth-muscle activation, the role of phospholipase D (PLD) in the production of phosphatidate (PA) was studied in rat small arteries stimulated with noradrenaline. Incubation with [3H]myristate preferentially labelled phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), and in the presence of 0.5% ethanol [3H]phosphatidylethanol ([3H]PEt) was formed, demonstrating PLD activity. Noradrenaline (NA) stimulation resulted in an increase in PtdCho derived [3H]PA and [3H]PEt formation, indicating PLD activation. Stimulation of [14C]choline release confirmed PLD-mediated hydrolysis of PtdCho. Propranolol, an inhibitor of PA phosphohydrolase, increased [3H]PA levels in non-stimulated tissue and decreased the rate of degradation of both [3H]PA and [3H]PEt, implying that this is an active route for PA metabolism in small arteries. However, [3H]diacylglycerol levels were not increased during NA stimulation. Fluoroaluminate increased [3H]PEt formation and [14C]choline release, whereas high K+ in the presence of alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade did not. Pervanadate increased phosphotyrosine levels in small arteries, and markedly stimulated [3H]PEt formation and [14C]choline release. The combination of pervanadate and NA stimulation resulted in a dramatic increase in [3H]PEt formation, which was greater than the sum of the individual responses to the two agonists. Pervanadate and fluoroaluminate in combination appeared to give an additive response, whereas high K+ did not alter the pervanadate-induced formation of [3H]PEt. Phosphotyrosine levels were increased by NA in the presence of tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. This effect was blocked by genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. These data demonstrate that in NA-stimulated small arteries PLD-induced PtdCho hydrolysis contributes to accumulation of PA, but not of diacylglycerol. Furthermore, regulation of PLD activity appears to require G-protein and tyrosine-phosphorylation-linked pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, U.K.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohanian
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Heagerty
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ohanian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D014443:Tyrosine; D010739:Phospholipase D; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D009638:Norepinephrine