title: The dimerization stability of the HLH-LZ transcription protein family is modulated by the leucine zippers: a CD and NMR study of TFEB and c-Myc.
abstract: In the HLH-LZ protein family, the helix-loop-helix DNA-binding dimerization domain is followed in the sequence by a leucine zipper motif. The precise function of this second dimerization domain is still unclear, since the HLH motif of a subset of this family has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for dimerization. However, deletion and mutagenesis studies of the leucine zipper in various HLH-LZ proteins have shown a clear influence of this motif on homo- and heterodimerization. In this paper, we present a structural characterization of synthetic peptides encompassing the leucine zipper sequences of c-Myc and TFEB, using circular dichroism, analytical ultracentrifugation, and nuclear magnetic resonance. We show that the different ability of the synthetic leucine zippers of c-Myc and TFEB to homodimerize at neutral pH reflects the different dimerization properties reported for the entire proteins. The TFEB protein is known to form homodimers. c-Myc, on the other hand, does not homodimerize in vivo, but is mostly found in heterodimeric complexes with Max, another protein of the HLH-LZ family. Accordingly, our results show that the TFEB peptide homodimerizes at neutral pH whereas the Myc peptide dimerizes to a comparable amount only at acidic pH and high ionic strength. Both synthetic peptides are far less stable than leucine zippers of the b-ZIP family. The relative stability of the two leucine zippers and the factors which stabilize the dimer formation are discussed.
authors.affiliation: EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muhle-Goll
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schuck
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nalis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nilges
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pastore
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004355:Drug Stability; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000737:chemistry*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014461:Ultracentrifugation
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc