title: Transfusion requirements, risks, and costs for patients with malignancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with cancer often develop significant anemia, which traditionally has been successfully managed by transfusion. Although substantially safer than in the past, transfusions continue to carry a variety of risks. The recent licensing of erythropoietin now provides a second treatment option, which indicates a need to reassess the use of transfusion to manage anemia in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-month retrospective chart review of all patients receiving outpatient transfusions at a large institution was used to identify patients with solid tumors (including lymphoma) requiring transfusions for any cause. Transfusions were considered as aberrations if they necessitated unusual laboratory monitoring or resulted in clinical evidence of a transfusion reaction. Patient charges proximately related to the transfusion were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 219 patients requiring transfusions were identified, with 483 transfusion episodes and the use of 812 units of red cells to manage anemia (mean, 3.71 units/patient). A total of 100 aberrations were recorded. Twenty-two (10%) of 219 patients had a positive antibody screen that required further work-up; transfusion reactions occurred in 19 patients (8.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful assessment by hematologists and oncologists of the risk:benefit ratio of erythropoietin and transfusion in patients with cancer is urged.
authors.affiliation: Office of the Mary Weinfeld Professor of Clinical Investigation in Hemophilia, Blood Bank, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohandas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aledort
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000191:economics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D004921:Erythropoietin