title: [Nitrous oxide exposure of operating room personnel in intubation anesthesia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies have shown that trace concentrations of inhalation anaesthetics polluting the air of operation theatre could have adverse effects on the personnel's health. Nitrous oxide (N2O) oxidizes vitamin B12 and thus decreases DNA production by inactivation of methionine synthase. Therefore, US and most European health authorities recommend threshold values to protect against potential health risks. These values range from 25 ppm to 100 ppm, expressed as time-weighted averages (TWA). There is a lack of data concerning measurements of trace concentrations under defined conditions. The aim of this study was to quantify levels of N2O in an operating theatre (OT) under modern working environment conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trace concentrations of N2O were determined in the OT at three personnel-related and three potential leakage related points and TWA's were calculated. Trace concentrations of N2O were measured directly by means of a highly sensitive photoacoustic infrared spectrometry analyser. The lower detection limit was 0.03 ppm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Values were below 100 ppm TWA at personnel-related locations. NIOSH 25 ppm threshold limit value was exceeded several times. Significant differences between location surgeon and anaesthetist and auxiliary nurse were detected (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to N2O in a climatised OT is determined by several factors: 1. Efficacy of the air-conditioning with 20 changes per hour without recirculation, 2. OT size, 3. low leakage anaesthesia machine, and 4. avoidance of intermittent nitrous oxide supply during induction. Due to these factors, most measured values are below threshold values. In case of other concepts of room design such as ventilation and size, measured values may be higher.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie am Klinikum, Universit at Regensburg.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoerauf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiesner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taeger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hobbhahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000770:Anesthesia, Endotracheal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D009873:Operating Rooms; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D009609:Nitrous Oxide
vernacular_title: Lachgasexposition des OP-Personals bei Intubationsnarkosen.