title: Effects of inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxation factor on hemodynamics and oxygen utilization during group B streptococcal sepsis in piglets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of the inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxation factor in an animal model of neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of three experimental protocols: a) N-nitro-L-arginine; b) group B streptococcal; and c) group B streptococcal/N-nitro-L-arginine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Piglets, 1 to 2 wks old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endothelium-derived relaxation factor inhibition was produced in nonseptic piglets by the infusion of a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, N-nitro-L-arginine, at 30 mg/kg (N-nitro-L-arginine protocol; n = 6). Human group B streptococcal sepsis was modeled in piglets by the continuous infusion of live group B streptococcal organisms at approximately 5 x 10(9) organisms/kg cumulative dose (group B streptococcal protocol; n = 8). Endothelium-derived relaxation factor inhibition during a group B streptococcal sepsis was produced by N-nitro-L-arginine infusion during continuing group B streptococcal infusion (group B streptococcal/N-nitro-L-arginine protocol; n = 7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both N-nitro-L-arginine and group B streptococcal infusion significantly increased systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and decreased cardiac output and oxygen delivery. N-nitro-L-arginine differed from group B streptococcal infusions in its effects on systemic blood pressure (BP) (N-nitro-L-arginine increased BP while group B streptococcal infusions did not), and pulmonary/systemic vascular resistance ratio (group B streptococcal infusions increased pulmonary/systemic vascular resistance ratio more than N-nitro-L-arginine did). The group B streptococcal/N-nitro-L-arginine group differed significantly from piglets receiving continued group B streptococcal infusion without N-nitro-L-arginine in cardiac output (significantly lower in group B streptococcal/N-nitro-L-arginine), oxygen delivery (significantly lower in group B streptococcal/N-nitro-L-arginine), and pulmonary vascular resistance (significantly higher in group B streptococcal/N-nitro-L-arginine).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group B streptococcal sepsis in human newborns and in animal models of human newborns is characterized by a hemodynamic constellation of "cold shock"--increased vascular resistance and reduced systemic blood flow. Endothelium-derived relaxation factor inhibition during group B streptococcal sepsis in piglets exacerbated many of the adverse hemodynamic consequences of group B streptococcal infusion. We speculate that endothelium-derived relaxation factor inhibition has no foreseeable therapeutic role in neonatal septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meadow
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rudinsky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hipps
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D006439:Hemodynamics; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D019335:Nitroarginine; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D018805:Sepsis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae; D013552:Swine; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine