title: Pathways for the processing and presentation of antigens to T cells.
abstract: Two pathways exist within vertebrate cells to generate peptides for recognition by T cells. The "endogenous" pathway provides peptides to MHC class I molecules for presentation to CD8+ T cells. These peptides are derived from proteins synthesized or residing in the cytoplasm or nucleus, and involves proteasomes and the ubiquitin pathway of protein degradation, as well as a specific peptide transporter (TAP) that allows these peptides access to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The exogenous pathway provides peptides to MHC class II molecules for presentation to CD4+ T cells. These peptides are derived from extracellular antigens taken up by endocytosis and degraded in the endosomal/lysosomal pathway. Peptide loading of MHC class II molecules requires the presence of a molecule (H-2M in mouse, HLA-DM in humans) that is structurally related to MHC class II molecules, but the mechanistic basis of this requirement is unknown. The class II region of the MHC contains a cluster of genes encoding proteins involved in antigen processing, including genes for two proteasome subunits (LMP2 and LMP7), the peptide transporter heterodimer (TAP1 and TAP2), and the H-2M/HLA-DM molecule (Ma and Mb, or DMA and DMB).
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0524, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Monaco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000502:physiology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II