title: Recognition, assessment, and treatment of anxiety in the critical care patient.
abstract: A multidisciplinary group of experts involved in the treatment of critically ill patients participated in a workshop conference designed to develop practice recommendations for the recognition, assessment, and treatment of anxiety in the critical care environment. Anxiety was identified as a ubiquitous problem in critical care that may interfere with healing and recovery. The faculty agreed that clinicians should be familiar with the signs and symptoms of anxiety and should be able to determine when interventions are necessary. Whenever possible, nonpharmacologic methods for anxiolysis should be incorporated into intensive care protocols. Intensive care personnel should be trained in those interventions that require specialized expertise, and they should become familiar with the drugs available for the treatment of anxiety. Protocols for determining the best agents to be used in a given setting and their most appropriate method of administration should be established. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments are not mutually exclusive but should be complementary. Finally, procedures for obtaining psychiatric consultation, when necessary, should be in place.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bone
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McCartney
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Barkin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cowen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Fromm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care / Q000523:psychology*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012944:Social Support
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines