title: Effect of low-dose prophylactic dopamine on high-dose cisplatin-induced electrolyte wasting, ototoxicity, and epidermal growth factor excretion: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the protective effect of low-dose dopamine given as continuous infusion in patients who undergo chemotherapy with the nephrotoxin cisplatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients who received high-dose cisplatin-containing chemotherapy entered a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Twenty-one patients received dopamine, and 21 received placebo. Patients were to receive either infusional dopamine 2 micrograms/kg/min over 48 hours or placebo. Cisplatin 125 mg/m2 was administered 12 hours after initiating dopamine (group D) or placebo (group P). This schedule was repeated twice, 1 week apart. Measurements of serum creatinine, urinary electrolytes and creatinine, urinary excretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF), ototoxicity, parameters of hematopoietic recovery, and duration of hospitalization were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed an increase in serum creatinine level to a peak of 1.9 mg/dL (range, 0.8 to 7.8) in the dopamine group, in comparison to 1.4 mg/dL (range, 0.9 to 3.3) in the placebo group (P = .04). Urinary magnesium excretion increased and EGF excretion decreased in both groups. Urinary sodium, chloride, and potassium excretion were increased in both groups, but more so in the placebo group. Dopamine had no measurable effect on hearing loss, duration of hospitalization, or hematopoietic recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of prophylactic dopamine increased peak serum creatinine levels relative to placebo and failed to prevent cisplatin-induced renal toxicity or ototoxicity. Determination of whether dopamine could reverse chemotherapy-induced renal damage would require a randomized prospective trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Somlo
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Doroshow
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lev-Ran
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Raschko
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Margolin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Leong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004298:Dopamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000652:urine; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000652:urine*; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003404:Creatinine; D002945:Cisplatin; D004298:Dopamine