title: IL-4 activates a latent DNA-binding factor that binds a shared IFN-gamma and IL-4 response element present in the germ-line gamma 1 Ig promoter.
abstract: IL-4 regulates transcription of the germ-line gamma 1 Ig gene in murine B cells and by doing so targets this isotype for switch recombination by an unknown mechanism. In this study, we have identified an IL-4-induced DNA-binding protein factor in murine B cells designated NF-IL-4-gamma 1. This factor binds specifically to a site within a 13-bp DNA sequence extending from -125 to -113 (5' CATTCACATGAAG 3') in the germ-line gamma 1 promoter and shown previously to be important for IL-4-responsive transcription. This sequence is highly homologous to the IFN-gamma activation site or GAS, and competitive binding studies demonstrate that NF-IL-4-gamma 1 can also bind to GAS elements in the promoters of two IFN-gamma-responsive genes and to an IL-4-responsive element in the germ-line epsilon Ig promoter. NF-IL-4-gamma 1 is rapidly induced in the absence of de novo protein synthesis and expression is sustained through day 4 of in vitro culture with IL-4 and LPS. Induction of NF-IL-4-gamma 1 is inhibited by the kinase inhibitor staurosporine and the factor itself requires phosphorylation for binding activity. The binding specificity and expression characteristics of NF-IL-4-gamma 1 suggest identity with other recently described IL-4-activated, GAS-binding factors that are members of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family of cytokine-responsive transcription factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Berton
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Linehan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin / Q000235:genetics*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma