title: Carvedilol improves left ventricular function and symptoms in chronic heart failure: a double-blind randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the safety and efficacy of carvedilol in patients with heart failure caused by idiopathic or ischemic cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Carvedilol is a mildly beta 1-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with vasodilator properties. Beta-blockade may be beneficial in patients with heart failure, but the effects of carvedilol are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with heart failure (New York Heart Association functional classes II to IV) and left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 0.35 were enrolled in the study. All patients tolerated challenge with carvedilol, 3.125 mg twice a day, and were randomized to receive carvedilol (n = 36) versus placebo (n = 24). Study medication was titrated over 1 month from 6.25 to 25 mg twice a day (< 75 kg) or 50 mg twice a day (> 75 kg) and continued for 3 months. One placebo-treated and two carvedilol-treated patients did not complete the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carvedilol therapy resulted in a significant reduction in heart rate and mean pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures and a significant increase in stroke volume and left ventricular stroke work. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased 52% in the carvedilol group (from 0.21 to 0.32, p < 0.0001 vs. placebo group). Carvedilol-treated patients also reported a significant lessening of heart failure symptoms (p < 0.05 vs. placebo group). Submaximal exercise duration tended to increase with carvedilol therapy (from 688 +/- 31 s to 871 +/- 32 s), but this change was not significantly different from that with placebo therapy by between-group analysis. Peak oxygen consumption during maximal exercise did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term carvedilol therapy improves rest cardiac function and lessens symptoms in patients with heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Renlund
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Yanowitz
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bristow
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D009638:Norepinephrine