title: Local cooling in wheelchair athletes during exercise-heat stress.
abstract: Wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injuries (WA) face challenges to thermal homeostasis, including reduced cutaneous vasoaction and sweat production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of local cooling to reduce heat strain in WA. Six elite, endurance-trained male WA (33 +/- 3 yr, 64 +/- 4 kg) performed three strenuous exercise tests in a hot-humid environment (32.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C, 75 +/- 3% RH) by pushing a racing chair on a stationary roller (30 min, 16.5 km.h-1, 704-766 W metabolic heat) while wearing shorts and socks. The three treatments involved an ice-packet vest (V) (0.14 m2 of skin surface), a refrigerated headpiece (H) (0.16 m2), or no cooling (C) (control). The vest and headpiece offered potential cooling of 388 W and 266 W. Mean body heat storage for trials V (117 +/- 26 W), H (117 +/- 22 W), and C (164 +/- 40 W) were statistically similar, partly because V (117 +/- 47 W) and H (75 +/- 59 W) cooled inefficiently (30 and 28%, respectively). Repeated measure ANOVA indicated no significant between-treatment differences (P > 0.05) for any variable in trials V, H, and C. We concluded that local cooling during V and H was ineffective because heat storage decreased, but was not prevented.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-1110, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maresh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Riebe
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kenefick
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Senk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echegaray
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Foley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011481:Protective Clothing; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014910:Wheelchairs