title: [Anatomy of the eyebrow and upper eyelid region and its significance in ptosis surgery].
abstract: The article reports the results of the anatomic observations from dissecting 30 upper eyelids and 8 eyebrows of adult cadavers. In the eyebrow region, the anterior and posterior sheaths of the galea enclose the muscle plane where the frontalis, orbicularis and corrugator muscles are interdigitated. The posterior sheath attaches to supraorbital ridge through the brow fat pad. It was found that a few fibers of the frontalis muscle insert to the skin of the brow. In the upper eyelid, the orbital septum fuses with the aponeurosis at or just below the upper margin of the tarsus. The levator aponeurosis, Muller's muscle, particularly their attachments were carefully observed and measured. Finally, the application of the anatomy in the ptosis surgery is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of plastic Surgery, Hospital for Women and Children, Shenzhen.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005138:Eyebrows / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans