title: Mitral and aortic regurgitation in 84 patients with mucopolysaccharidoses.
abstract: In echocardiographic and necropsy studies nodular thickening of the mitral valve and, less frequently, of the aortic valve has been found in 60%-90% of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). Little is known about the haemodynamic consequences of these morphological changes. In this study 84 unselected patients with different enzymatically proven MPS and 84 age and sex matched, healthy persons were studied prospectively by colour Doppler flow mapping. The patients' age ranged from 1 to 47 years (median 8.1 years). Mitral and aortic regurgitation were defined as a holosystolic or holodiastolic jet originating from the valve into the left atrium or the left ventricular outflow tract, respectively, with peak velocities exceeding 2.5 m/s. Of the 84 patients with satisfactory studies, mitral regurgitation was detected in 64.3% and aortic regurgitation in 40.5%, respectively. Regurgitation was severe in 4.8% of mitral valves and 8.3% of aortic valves. The frequency of aortic and/or mitral regurgitation was 75% in all patients, 89% in MPS I, 94% in MPS II, 66% in MPS III, 33% in MPS IV, and 100% in MPS VI. Combined mitral and aortic regurgitation was present in 29% of our patients. None of the control persons showed mitral or aortic regurgitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic and mitral regurgitation are more frequent in patients with MPS than previously thought and that therefore these patients should have regular colour Doppler flow mapping and antibiotic prophylaxis when required.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wippermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schranz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huth
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Michel-Behnke
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jüngst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D009083:Mucopolysaccharidoses / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies