title: Delivery and fate of oral mesalamine microgranules within the human small intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral use of mesalamine in inflammatory bowel disease requires slow-release preparations to prevent premature absorption and inactivation. Resulting luminal concentrations within the human small intestine are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine human intestinal delivery patterns of mesalamine from a microgranule preparation (Pentasa; Ferring Arzeimittel, Kiel, Germany) effective in Crohn's disease with small bowel involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multilumen tube for duodenal, jejunal, and ileal aspiration and marker perfusion was placed in 6 normal subjects. Levels of luminal, plasma, and urinary mesalamine and its main metabolite, acetyl mesalamine, were measured for 7 hours after ingestion of mesalamine (500 mg) with a labeled meal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric emptying of mesalamine paralleled the meal, and its release occurred throughout the small intestine (cumulative, 20% of dose). For 4 hours, mean luminal mesalamine and acetyl mesalamine concentrations were 52 and 38 micrograms/mL (duodenum), 59 and 82 micrograms/mL (jejunum), and 64 and 104 micrograms/mL (ileum). Cumulative colonic delivery was 82% (7% dissolved, 75% in microgranules), and urinary excretion was 3.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the major part of continuous-release mesalamine is delivered to the colon, large proportions are liberated and available at high concentrations within the small intestinal lumen, thus explaining its therapeutic efficacy in small intestinal Crohn's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Layer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goebell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dignass
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klotz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000636:Aminosalicylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D001682:Biological Availability; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019804:Mesalamine
chemical_list: D000636:Aminosalicylic Acids; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D019804:Mesalamine