title: Tuberculous pericarditis in Tanzanian patients with and without HIV infection.
abstract: METHODS
  Large academic medical center in Tanzania.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the etiologies and outcomes of large pericardial effusions in HIV-infected and uninfected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of patients admitted with new large pericardial effusions, confirmed echocardiographically. Patients had pericardial biopsies and drainage with extensive analysis of tissue and fluid specimens, and were followed with clinical and echocardiographic examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 28 patients with large pericardial effusions, 19 were infected with HIV-1. 22 had invasive diagnostic procedures: 14 of 14 HIV-infected patients, but only 4 of 8 non-HIV-infected patients, had tuberculous pericarditis (P = 0.01). All but 1 of the HIV-infected patients had strongly positive tuberculin skin tests, and short-term outcomes were similar in the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TB is the predominant cause of large pericardial effusion in HIV-infected patients in this setting; non-HIV-infected patients are more likely to have other etiologies. These patients were at an early stage of HIV infection and responded well to treatment. In settings where microbiological studies are not routinely available, HIV-infected patients with large pericardial effusions may be treated empirically for tuberculosis and monitored for improvement. If improvement does not follow within 2-4 weeks further studies are indicated. HIV-negative patients should undergo diagnostic evaluation initially.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cegielski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lwakatare
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dukes
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Lema
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lallinger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitinya
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Reller
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sheriff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D010495:Pericarditis, Tuberculous / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D011446:Prospective Studies