title: A further prospective evaluation of an equation to predict daily lithium dose.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, one prospective study confirmed the safety and accuracy of a lithium-dose prediction equation created by Zetin et al., but no definitive conclusion on the reliability of the equation has been established as yet.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors applied the Zetin et al. equation to 18 chronic male schizophrenic inpatients. Predicted doses to reach the serum lithium concentration of 0.4 mmol/L were calculated and prescribed in the form of lithium capsules. At Weeks 1 and 3 after treatment initiation, morning blood samples were collected about 12 hours after the last lithium dose for the measurement of serum lithium concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the 18 patients achieved the desired concentration (0.4 mmol/L) exactly. The mean +/- SD of serum lithium concentrations at Week 1 was 1.01 +/- 0.29 mmol/L (range, 0.2-1.5) and at Week 3 was 0.94 +/- 0.35 mmol/L (range, 0.2-1.8). Lithium concentrations were lower than 0.4 mmol/L in only 1 patient and were higher than 0.4 mmol/L in the other 17 patients. The deviations from the unexpected value were significantly correlated with the renal function (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels) but not with the neuroleptic doses administered to the patients. Moreover, our patients were relatively older and weighed relatively less than the patients described in the previous prospective study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Zetin et al. equation cannot always accurately predict a required lithium dose. Renal function data, even when they range within normal values, may be useful to improve the accuracy of the equation, particularly in patients who are older or weigh less than the norm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otsubo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zamami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D016651:Lithium Carbonate; D003404:Creatinine