title: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor augments midbrain dopaminergic circuits in vivo.
abstract: Recently, a novel glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been identified, cloned, and shown to have potent survival- and growth-promoting activity on fetal rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons in cell culture. In this study, we document marked and long-lasting effects on adult rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo after intracranial administration. A single injection of this factor into the substantia nigra elicited a dose-dependent increase in both spontaneous and amphetamine-induced motor activity, and a decrease in food consumption, lasting 7-10 days. Using immunocytochemistry, we found sprouting of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurites towards the injection site, and increased tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity of the ipsilateral striatum was produced by GDNF. There was also a marked and dose-dependent increase in dopamine turnover in the substantia nigra and striatum, and in ipsilateral dopamine levels in the substantia nigra. Little or no effects of GDNF were seen on norepinephrine or serotonin levels. The neurochemical changes on dopaminergic afferents persist for at least 3 weeks after a single intracranial injection of 10 micrograms. Taken together, these data suggest that this glial cell line-derived factor has a potent influence on adult rat dopamine neurons and may have a potentially important role as a trophic factor for these neurons.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Granholm
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biddle
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Leela
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mackerlova
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lile
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: C495041:Gdnf protein, rat; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D004298:Dopamine