title: Two site-directed mutations abrogate enzyme activity but have different effects on the conformation and cellular content of the N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulphatase protein.
abstract: The sulphatase family of enzymes have regions of sequence similarity, but relatively little is known about either the structure-function relationships of sulphatases, or the role of highly conserved amino acids. The sequence of amino acids CTPSR at position 91-95 of 4-sulphatase has been shown to be highly conserved in all of the sequenced sulphatase enzymes. The cysteine at amino acid 91 of 4-sulphatase was selected for mutation analysis due to its potential role in either the active site, substrate-binding site or part of a key structural domain of 4-sulphatase and due to the absence of naturally occurring mutations in this residue in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) patients. Two mutations, C91S and C91T, altering amino acid 91 of 4-sulphatase were generated and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochemical analysis of protein from a C91S cell line demonstrated no detectable 4-sulphatase enzyme activity but a relatively normal level of 4-sulphatase polypeptide (180% of the wild-type control protein level). Epitope detection, using a panel of ten monoclonal antibodies, demonstrated that the C91S polypeptide had a similar immunoreactivity to wild-type 4-sulphatase, suggesting that the C91S substitution does not induce a major structural change in the protein. Reduced catalytic activity associated with normal levels of 4-sulphatase protein have not been observed in any of the MPS VI patients tested and all show evidence of structural modification of 4-sulphatase protein with the same panel of antibodies [Brooks, McCourt, Gibson, Ashton, Shutter and Hopwood (1991) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48, 710-719]. The loss of enzyme activity without a detectable protein conformation change suggests that Cys-91 may be a critical residue in the catalytic process. In contrast, analysis of protein from a C91T cell line revealed low levels of catalytically inactive 4-sulphatase polypeptide (0.37% of the wild-type control protein level) which had missing or masked epitopes, suggesting an altered protein structure or conformation. Subcellular fractionation studies of the C91T cell line demonstrated a high proportion of 4-sulphatase polypeptide content in organelles characteristic of microsomes. The aberrant intracellular localization and the reduced cellular content of 4-sulphatase polypeptide was consistent with the observed structural modification leading to retention and degradation of the protein within an early vacuolar compartment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bindloss
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Litjens
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Anson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hopwood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D017931:DNA Primers; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D020051:N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology; D013429:Sulfatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D013429:Sulfatases; D020051:N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase