title: The morphologic criteria of the pseudopod in surface microscopy.
abstract: METHODS
  In vivo cutaneous surface microscopy (oil epiluminescence, dermatoscopy, and dermoscopy) has been shown to greatly enhance the clinical diagnosis of melanoma. The pseudopod is a morphologic feature seen on surface microscopy that corresponds to the radial growth of tumor in melanoma. While it is one of the most specific surface microscopic features of invasive melanoma, it has remained poorly defined. We studied 239 pigmented lesions, 80 melanomas (62 invasive and 18 in situ) and 159 randomly selected pigmented nonmelanomas. We photographed these lesions in vivo using immersion oil and a Heine Dermaphot camera (Heine Ltd, Herrsching, Germany). We then scored the lesions in a "blinded" fashion for the presence of pseudopods based on strictly defined morphologic criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We defined the morphologic criteria of the pseudopod. As defined, the pseudopod retained a 97% specificity and 23% sensitivity for invasive melanoma. No difference was seen in the mean Breslow thickness between melanomas with and without pseudopods. None of the in situ melanomas were observed to have pseudopods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest morphologic criteria for a highly specific in vivo cutaneous surface microscopic feature of invasive melanoma, the pseudopod.
authors.affiliation: Sydney Melanoma Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Menzies
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Crotty
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*