title: Markers of acute and chronic asphyxia in infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cord blood pH, lactate, hypoxanthine, and erythropoietin levels have all been used as markers of either acute or chronic asphyxia. We sought to determine whether these index values were significantly different in infants with or without meconium-stained amniotic fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six pregnant women in spontaneous labor at term were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid. All meconium-stained fluid was centrifuged, and the volume percentage of particulate matter (i.e., meconium) was recorded. Umbilical artery blood and mixed arterial and venous cord blood were obtained at each delivery. Lactate, hypoxanthine, and erythropoietin levels were measured. Statistical analysis included Student t test and rank sum statistics where appropriate. Normal and Spearman correlation coefficients were also used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in mean umbilical artery pH (7.26 +/- 0.06 vs 7.25 +/- 0.10), lactate levels (32.8 +/- 10 mg/dl vs 30.4 +/- 14.2 mg/dl), and hypoxanthine levels (13.4 +/- 6.7 mumol/L vs 14.0 +/- 6.0 mumol/L) in newborns with meconium (n = 28) compared with controls (n = 28). Erythropoietin levels were significantly greater in newborns with meconium (median 39.5 mIU/ml vs 26.8 mIU/ml, p = 0.039). There was no correlation between the amount of particulate matter and any marker of asphyxia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no correlation between markers of acute asphyxia (i.e., umbilical artery blood pH, lactate, or hypoxanthine) and meconium. However, erythropoietin levels were significantly elevated in newborns with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. This latter marker may better correlate with chronic asphyxia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9032, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Richey
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ramin
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bawdon
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dax
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gilstrap
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007042:Hypoxanthines / Q000097:blood; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008470:Meconium
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007042:Hypoxanthines; D007773:Lactates; D004921:Erythropoietin