title: Alpha-bungarotoxin inhibits outer hair cell motility in situ.
abstract: The effect of two substances (alpha-bungarotoxin, alpha-BGTX, a small protein, and the local anesthetic bupivacaine hydrochloride) with an assumed effect on outer hair cell (OHC) motility were analyzed after exposing the cochlea via the round window membrane. Electrophysiological measurements were performed with a very narrow frequency-specific gating (+/- 100 Hz) technique to determine auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, including ABR-based frequency tuning curves. Exposure to alpha-BGTX gave a minor improvement in thresholds, interpreted as a facilitation of OHCs, i.e. releasing their efferent inhibitory control, whereas exposure to bupivacaine hydrochloride impaired ABR thresholds, possibly due to immobilization of OHC motility via the lateral cell membrane. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that efferent influence on the cochlea may be linked with a modulation of the mechanical function of OHCs. We can now postulate that there is in vivo evidence that acetylcholine exerts its effect at the OHCs via an alpha-BGTX alpha-BGTX binding acetylcholine receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Akademiska sjukhuset, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anniko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stenqvist
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heilbronn
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002038:Bungarotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D004594:Electrophysiology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D018072:Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer / Q000187:drug effects*; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D009476:Neurons, Efferent / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000187:drug effects; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000187:drug effects; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002038:Bungarotoxins; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002045:Bupivacaine