Dysthymia in clinical practice. The WPA Dysthymia Working Group.
BACKGROUND
Dysthymia has been reconceptualised in recent years from a personality disorder to a chronic affective disorder. It is incorporated into both the DSM and ICD diagnostic systems.


METHODS
The members of the WPA Dysthymia Working Group combined the results of their manual literature searches with a search using Medline.


RESULTS
Available data are summarised under the headings of classification, epidemiology, validity, comorbidity, course and outcome, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. The coexistence of major depressive disorder, constituting 'double depression' is of particular importance.


CONCLUSIONS
Improved knowledge of this disorder has led to a more positive approach to treatment, in which antidepressants can usefully be complemented by psychosocial measures. A high proportion of cases remain unrecognised in most populations, leading to prolonged morbidity and distress, much of which is now treatable.
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011613:Psychotherapy
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents