title: Quality of care for Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction. A four-state pilot study from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and test indicators of the quality of care for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record review.
  
  
  METHODS
  All acute care hospitals in Alabama, Connecticut, Iowa, and Wisconsin.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hospitalizations for Medicare patients discharged with a principal diagnosis of AMI between June 1, 1992, and February 28, 1993, were identified (N = 16,869).
  
  
  METHODS
  Percentage of patients receiving appropriate interventions as defined by 11 quality-of-care indicators derived from clinical practice guidelines that were modified and updated in consultation with a national group of physicians and other health care professionals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We abstracted data from 16,124 (96%) of the hospitalizations, representing 14,108 primary hospitalizations and 2016 hospitalizations resulting from transfers. Potential exclusions to the use of standard treatments in AMI care were common with 90% and 70% of patients having potential exclusions for thrombolytics and beta-blockers, respectively. In cohorts of "ideal candidates" for specific interventions, 83% received aspirin, 69% received thrombolytics, and 70% received heparin during the initial hospitalization; 77% received aspirin and 45% received beta-blockers at discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that many Medicare patients may not be ideal candidates for standard AMI therapies, but these treatments are underused, even in the absence of discernible contraindications. Hospitals and physicians who apply these quality indicators to their practices are likely to find opportunities for improvement.
authors.affiliation: Health Standards and Quality Bureau, Health Care Financing Administration, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Ellerbeck
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Jencks
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Kresowik
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000407:Alabama; D003237:Connecticut; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007344:Insurance Claim Reporting; D007484:Iowa; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011366:Professional Review Organizations; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States; D014922:Wisconsin