title: Clinical and physiologic comparison of laparoscopic and open Nissen fundoplication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although recent reports have documented the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic fundoplication, none have compared outcomes to that of open Nissen fundoplication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one patients had either open (n = 47) or laparoscopic (n = 34) Nissen fundoplication. Relief of symptoms was measured by a standardized questionnaire and scored by a modified Visick-Index. Physiologic outcome was assessed by postoperative pH monitoring and manometry in a subset of both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary symptoms were heartburn in 55 percent of the patients, regurgitation in 9 percent, dysphagia in 11 percent, and atypical in 25 percent of patients. Twenty-seven (84 percent) of 32 patients in the laparoscopic group and 31 (84 percent) of 37 patients in the open group were cured or improved. Operative time was significantly longer in the laparoscopic group (218 compared to 168 minutes). The period of hospitalization was shorter for the laparoscopic group (4.7 compared to 9.2 days, p < 0.0001). Postoperative pressures in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were significantly higher in the laparoscopic group (20.9 compared to 12.1, p = 0.006). Augmentation of sphincter length was similar for both groups. More patients in the laparoscopic group failed to relax their LES completely after fundoplication (32 compared to 71 percent, p = 0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptomatic outcome after laparoscopic fundoplication is similar to that of open surgery. Physiologic studies reveal a greater augmentation of LES pressure and a low prevalence of sphincter relaxation after laparoscopic fundoplication.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heimbucher
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kauer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Incarbone
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Bremner
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: DeMeester
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000503:physiopathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications