title: Candidemia in a pediatric population.
abstract: Candidemia results in a mortality of > 50% among adults, but data on children with candidemia are limited. We reviewed 70 episodes of pediatric candidemia that occurred between January 1988 and October 1992. Of these episodes, 53% were caused by Candida albicans, 24% were caused by Candida parapsilosis, 16% were caused by Candida tropicalis, and 3% were caused by Candida krusei. Twenty-five percent of the patients were premature infants. Other underlying conditions included malignancy (15%); cardiac disease (14%); and short-gut syndrome (14%). A central venous catheter was in place during 61 (87%) of 70 episodes. Candiduria preceded candidemia in only 4 (8%) of 52 patients. The overall mortality rate was 19%; 36% of those with intravenous catheters that were not removed within 3 days died, whereas none of the patients from whom catheters were removed within 3 days died (P < .0001). Only two survivors had complications. Therapy with amphotericin B (with or without flucytosine) was administered to 74% of these patients. Seventeen patients were not treated medically; all were immunocompetent and survived. Of these patients, 15 were > 2 months of age; 14 had candidemia for < or = 2 days; and 15 had an intravenous catheter removed within 2 days of the onset of candidemia. No patient stopped receiving amphotericin B because of side effects. The results of this study suggest the following: that mortality associated with candidemia is lower among children than among adults; that failure to remove the indwelling intravenous catheter usually results in a poor outcome; that candiduria rarely precedes candidemia in children; and that amphotericin B is well tolerated by children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60135, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Stamos
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rowley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016469:Fungemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000666:Amphotericin B; D005437:Flucytosine