title: Conversion of Xenopus ectoderm into neurons by NeuroD, a basic helix-loop-helix protein.
abstract: Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are instrumental in determining cell type during development. A bHLH protein, termed NeuroD, for neurogenic differentiation, has now been identified as a differentiation factor for neurogenesis because (i) it is expressed transiently in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems at the time of their terminal differentiation into mature neurons and (ii) ectopic expression of neuroD in Xenopus embryos causes premature differentiation of neuronal precursors. Furthermore, neuroD can convert presumptive epidermal cells into neurons and also act as a neuronal determination gene. However, unlike another previously identified proneural gene (XASH-3), neuroD seems competent to bypass the normal inhibitory influences that usually prevent neurogenesis in ventral and lateral ectoderm and is capable of converting most of the embryonic ectoderm into neurons. The data suggest that neuroD may participate in the terminal differentiation step during vertebrate neuronal development.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hollenberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Snider
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lipnick
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weintraub
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000166:cytology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C093564:Neurogenic differentiation factor 1