title: Study of developmental abnormalities and deaths after human zygote exposure.
abstract: Experimental studies indicated that the mouse zygote is susceptible to experimental induction of developmental anomalies including defects (mainly hydrops), growth retardation and mid- and late-gestational death with certain mutagenic agents. The material of the Hungarian Optimal Family Planning Program is appropriate to check this finding in a human material because participants were asked to visit the coworkers of the Program immediately after the first missed menstrual period and data concerning potentially hazardous environmental factors were obtained. At that time participants were immediately after the pre- and implantation period and they had no knowledge about their pregnancy outcomes. In 1994 the data of their pregnancy outcomes are available. Of 5453 evaluated pregnancies, 1167 were selected for this study because they visited the coworkers of the Program within 28 days post conception. Of 1167 pregnancies, 316 (27%) were exposed to some environmental factors, mainly drugs. A mild intrauterine growth retardation was found in the exposed group. The rate of congenital abnormalities and infant death did not differ between the exposed and unexposed groups. The detailed analysis of different congenital abnormality groups also did not show any significant difference between the exposed and unexposed groups. These negative results are explained by the fact that the observed environmental factors are not mutagenic, at least not in the dosage which was used, or the human zygote is not sensitive to mutagenic agents in the post-conceptional days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics and Teratology, National Institute of Hygiene, WHO Collaborating Centre for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases OKI, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siffel
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Czeizel
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009313:National Health Programs; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015053:Zygote / Q000187:drug effects*