title: Alterations in fetal and placental deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis rates after chronic fetal placental embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fetal growth and development are closely related to normal placental growth and function. We performed a study to determine the effect of a 10-day period of fetal hypoxemia induced by umbilical-placental hypoperfusion on tissue deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis rates in the 0.84 to 0.91 of gestation ovine fetus and placenta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily fetal placental embolization was performed in four chronically catheterized sheep fetuses until fetal arterial oxygen content decreased by approximately 30% compared with preembolization values. Five control fetuses received vehicle only. On experimental day 10, the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis rate was determined by injecting tritiated thymidine (1 mCi/kg) intravenously approximately 8 hours before the end of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetal arterial oxygen decreased from 3.2 +/- 0.1 (SEM) mmol/L preembolization to 2.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/L on day 10 (p < 0.001) and remained unchanged in controls. On day 10 deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis rates were significantly reduced in embolized fetuses compared with controls, by 38% in cotyledons (83.0 +/- 15.1 vs 133.7 +/- 9.9 disintegrations/min/micrograms deoxyribonucleic acid, p < 0.05), 28% in the left ventricular wall (36.8 +/- 3.7 vs 51.0 +/- 4.7 disintegrations/min/micrograms deoxyribonucleic acid, p < 0.05), and 45% in the quadriceps muscle (15.4 +/- 4.0 vs 28.1 +/- 3.0 disintegrations/min/micrograms deoxyribonucleic acid, p < 0.05). Tritiated thymidine autoradiography demonstrated that cotyledonary deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis occurred exclusively in the fetal trophoblasts cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that a reduction in cotyledonary, quadriceps muscle, and left ventricular myocardium deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis rates are the earliest adaptive mechanisms of fetal growth associated with development of umbilical-placental insufficiency. We speculate that alteration in the myocardial deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis rate could be a major contributing factor in the deterioration of fetal myocardial function associated with increased placental vascular resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Joseph's Health Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rundle
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002404:Catheterization; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000378:metabolism; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007773:Lactates; D004247:DNA; D010100:Oxygen