title: Facilitated tucking: a nonpharmacologic comfort measure for pain in preterm neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the effectiveness of "facilitated tucking," a nonpharmacologic nursing intervention, as a comfort measure in modulating preterm neonates' physiologic and behavioral responses to minor pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, repeated measure, random sequencing, and experimental.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III neonatal intensive-care unit of a tertiary care university pediatric hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty preterm neonates, 25-35 weeks gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart rate, oxygen saturation, and sleep state were recorded 12 minutes before, during, and 15 minutes after two heelsticks, one with and one without facilitated tucking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Premature neonates will have less variation in heart rate and hemoglobin oxygen saturation, shorter crying and sleep disruption times, and less fluctuation in sleep states in response to the painful stimulus of a heelstick with facilitated tucking than without.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neonates demonstrated a lower mean heart rate 6-10 minutes post-stick (p < 0.04), shorter mean crying time (p < 0.001), shorter mean sleep disruption time (p < 0.001), and fewer sleep-state changes (p = 0.003) after heelstick with facilitated tucking than without.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Facilitated tucking is an effective comfort measure in attenuating premature neonates' psychologic and behavioral responses to minor pain.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal intensive care unit, Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Corff
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seideman
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Venkataraman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lutes
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yates
mesh_terms: D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D003448:Crying; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D017283:Neonatal Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010146:Pain / Q000451:nursing; D059408:Pain Management; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012890:Sleep; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen