title: YACs, BACs, PACs and MACs: artificial chromosomes as research tools.
abstract: Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) have become essential research tools as they enable large fragments of DNA to be cloned. In order to overcome several disadvantages of YACs, including chimaerism and instability, several complementary bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors have been developed. More recently, attempts are being made to construct artificial chromosomes in mammalian cells (MACs).
authors.affiliation: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Larin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017101:Bacteriophage P1 / Q000235:genetics; D018244:Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial; D002877:Chromosomes, Human; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals