title: Systemic-to-pulmonary artery collateral vessels and surgical shunts in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease: perioperative treatment by transcatheter embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic-to-pulmonary collateral vessels can develop in patients with obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract or the pulmonary artery. Occlusion of these vessels is necessary before surgical correction of the primary disease. We report the results of transcatheter coil embolization in the treatment of 56 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four procedures were done in the perioperative period for treatment of 67 aortopulmonary collateral arteries, five modified Blalock-Taussig shunts, and two enlarged veins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the "aortopulmonary collateral" group, occlusion was complete in 51 patients (76%), subtotal in seven (10%), partial in four (6%), and failed in five (8%). Inadvertent embolization to the aorta occurred in two procedures, but both coils were retrieved nonsurgically. During follow-up of 1-12 months (n = 32; mean, 6.3 months), the coils remained in position, without any migration. Follow-up angiograms in 14 embolized vessels showed no recanalization (mean, 5.3 months; range, 2-12 months). In the "shunt" group, occlusion was complete in four patients and failed in one. Distal embolization to the pulmonary artery occurred in one patient. This coil was retrieved during surgery. During follow-up of 3-6 months, coils remained in position in all patients. In one patient, a follow-up angiogram at 3 months showed no recanalization. In the "venous embolization" group, occlusion was complete in one patient. The coils were in position 5 months later. The procedure was unsuccessful in the other patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that transcatheter coil embolization is useful in the treatment of abnormal systemic-to-pulmonary vessels and shunts in patients with obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract or the pulmonary artery. Homemade coils are safe and effective in obliterating antegrade flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Radiology, C.T. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krishnakumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venugopal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000209:etiology; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography