title: Pediatric carbamazepine intoxication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical effects of carbamazepine ingestion in a pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series of prospectively evaluated patients and a historical retrospective group.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients younger than 18 years who presented to an urban emergency department with history of carbamazepine ingestion and positive laboratory confirmation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient demographics, findings on physical examination, serum carbamazepine levels, analysis of 12-lead ECGs, and time and doses of activated charcoal were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-seven patients were enrolled, of whom 17 were evaluated prospectively. Serum carbamazepine levels were greater than 12 micrograms/mL (50 mumol/L) in 61 patients. In those 61 patients, mean peak serum level was significantly higher in patients with dystonic reactions (P = .009), coma (P = .002), and apnea (P = .008) than in patients without these symptoms. There was no significant difference in mean peak serum levels between patients with and without seizures. Serum carbamazepine half-life was significantly shorter (P = .022) in patients who received multiple doses of activated charcoal (8.2 +/- 1.6 hours) than in those who received a single dose (12.1 +/- hours).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric patients with suspected carbamazepine ingestion are at higher risk for dystonic reactions, coma, and apnea if the peak serum carbamazepine level exceeds 28 micrograms/mL (117 mumol/L). The development of seizures is not related to peak serum level. Multiple doses of activated charcoal can significantly shorten serum carbamazepine half-life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Stremski
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hennes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D002606:Charcoal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D002220:Carbamazepine