In vivo protein-DNA interactions at the c-jun promoter in quiescent and serum-stimulated fibroblasts.
c-Jun is an important component in the regulation of cell proliferation. As a member of the early response gene family, c-jun is induced within minutes in the presence of mitogenic agents such as serum growth factors. Using in vivo footprinting, we have analyzed protein-DNA interactions at the c-jun promoter in human fibroblasts subjected to growth arrest and serum stimulation. We located seven footprints upstream of the transcription initiation site. Protein-DNA interactions were detected at two AP-1-like sequences, A CCAAT box, an SP-1 sequence, an NF-jun sequence, a putative RSRF (related to serum response factor) binding site, and a sequence bound by an unknown factor. All of these binding sites were occupied in serum-starved cells, and no additional protein-DNA interactions were detected upon serum stimulation. Evidence from this study supports a model in which expression of the c-jun gene is mediated by phosphorylation events taking place on the transactivation domains of promoter-bound transcriptional activators.
Rozek
D
D
Department of Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
Pfeifer
G P
GP
D001483:Base Sequence; D001790:Blood Physiological Phenomena; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D016758:Genes, jun; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012016:Reference Values; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors