title: Metaiodobenzylguanidine as an index of atrioventricular nodal adrenergic activity.
abstract: Despite its importance, little is known about the uptake, storage and release of catecholamines in the atrioventricular (AV) node and His bundle. Previous in vitro studies have been limited by metabolism of norepinephrine. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) shares many transport properties with norepinephrine and is considered a functional marker of adrenergic activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used [125I]MIBG +/- 99mTc-sestamibi (99mTc-MIBI) and [123I]MIBG +/- 201TI] to evaluate regional differences in adrenergic activity between cardiac conductive and contractile elements in rats. Histological localization of the AV node and His bundle was performed using stains for acetylcholinesterase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Densitometric evaluation of autoradiographs, obtained from 20-mu thick sections of hearts from rats injected with either [125I]MIBG +/- 99mTc-MIBI (n = 4) and [123I]MIBG +/- 201TI (n = 6), revealed that there was approximately 30% more MIBG uptake in the AV node and His bundle compared to atrial or ventricular muscle (p < 0.05). Color-coded functional maps, generated by computer to simultaneously display 123I or [125I]MIBG and perfusion markers, revealed that the heterogeneous distribution of MIBG was independent of myocardial blood flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When used as a selective functional marker of adrenergic activity in the cardiac conduction system, 123I- or [125I]MIBG autoradiography demonstrates increased adrenergic activity in the AV node and His bundle compared with the left ventricle. MIBG imaging provides a new research technique to probe in vivo modulation of AV nodal and His bundle sympathetic activity.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lurie
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dae
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dutton
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Velazquez-Rocha
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: O'Connell
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation*; D001345:Autoradiography; D002036:Bundle of His / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007462:Iodobenzenes; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007462:Iodobenzenes; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase