title: Lateralized human brain language systems demonstrated by task subtraction functional magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a procedure for noninvasive measurement of language lateralization with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional neuroimaging using time-series echo-planar MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical center research facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five healthy, right-handed, young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of MRI voxels in left and right hemispheres showing task-related signal increases during two contrasting auditory processing tasks. The nonlinguistic task involved processing of pure tones, while the linguistic task involved processing of single words based on semantic content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pure-tone processing task activated temporal lobe auditory areas and dorsolateral frontal regions bilaterally. Using this task as a control condition, the semantic processing task resulted in lateralized activity in distributed regions of the left hemisphere. A significant effect of task on intrahemispheric activity pattern was demonstrated in every subject. Results were reproduced in preliminary studies of test-retest reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate the lateralized anatomy of semantic linguistic systems in contrast to non-linguistic auditory sensory processors and introduce a task subtraction technique adapted for functional MRI as a noninvasive measure of language lateralization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hammeke
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bandettini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jesmanowicz
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hyde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013382:Subtraction Technique