title: Improvements in preventive care and communication for deaf patients: results of a novel primary health care program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that profoundly deaf persons would have better preventive care compliance and improved physician communication if enrolled in a primary care program providing American Sign Language (ASL) interpreters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-cohort community-based study. The authors had ASL-fluent research assistants interview 90 randomly selected patients (the cases) enrolled in a unique primary care program for the deaf (Deaf Services Program), which provided full-time ASL interpreters and subsidized health care costs for some patients. Eighty-five deaf controls were friends of the cases drawn from the community.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cases were poorer and less often married than were the controls, but other baseline characteristics were similar. The cases were more likely (p < 0.05) to report receiving within the preceding three years Pap tests (90% vs 72%), mammography (86% vs 53%), and rectal examinations (72% vs 25%), but not breast examinations (76% vs 71%, p = 0.7). The cases were more likely than the controls to report receiving counseling in ASL for psychiatric and substance abuse problems (49% vs 5%, p < 0.001). Although only 18% of the controls were fluent in written English, 67% of them used written notes to communicate with their physicians. Twenty percent of the controls used ASL interpreters compared with 84% of the cases (p < 0.001). More cases than controls were moderately or extremely satisfied with communication with their physicians (92% vs 42%, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deaf persons enrolled in a primary care program that included full-time interpreters were more likely to use ASL, were more satisfied with physician communications, and had improved preventive care outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: MacKinney
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nattinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003142:Communication; D003638:Deafness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011897:Random Allocation; D014481:United States