title: A randomized trial to assess effectiveness and cost in clinical practice: rationale and design of the Cholesterol Reduction Intervention Study (CRIS).
abstract: To compare the effectiveness and costs of two alternative approaches to the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, a prospective randomized trial is being undertaken at Southern California Kaiser Permanente, a large health maintenance organization. Six hundred and twelve patients with postdiet LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the range of 190-230 mg/dl (or 160-230 mg/dl for those with coronary heart disease or two or more coronary risk factors) were randomized to a stepped-care regimen (initial treatment with niacin followed by other agents if needed) or to initial use of lovastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. All patients are being followed for 1 year. The study seeks to approximate conditions of typical clinical practice: provider compliance with these plans of treatment is encouraged but not enforced and patients pay for medication as they customarily would. Principal outcomes of interest include the proportion of participants who achieve goal LDL-C at one year, the mean change in total cholesterol and LDL-C levels between baseline and the end of follow-up, and the costs of cholesterol-lowering therapy.
authors.affiliation: Policy Analysis Inc. (PAI), Brookline, Massachusetts 02146, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oster
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Borok
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menzin
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Heys
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dudl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015248:Gemfibrozil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D009525:Niacin; D008148:Lovastatin; D015248:Gemfibrozil