title: Clinical trial of vitamin A as adjuvant treatment for lower respiratory tract infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of a high dose of vitamin A as adjuvant treatment for radiographically confirmed cases of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two large urban hospitals in Guatemala City.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential sample of 263 children aged 3 to 48 months, identified in the emergency departments and admitted to the hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitamin A (100,000 IU for children less than 1 year of age, and 200,000 IU for older children) or placebo in addition to standard treatment for ALRI which included antibiotics, oxygen, bronchodilators, and intravenously administered solutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The children were assessed every 8 hours. There were neither statistically nor clinically significant differences by treatment group in the rate of normalization in respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, or clinical score. Duration of hospitalization was not different by treatment group. Adverse outcomes (mechanical ventilation, prolonged hospitalization, readmission or transfer, and death) were equally distributed between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with high doses of vitamin A over and above standard care for infants and children with non-measles-related ALRI is not efficacious for the current episode. Additional trials among populations in which vitamin A deficiency is more prevalent and severe should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kjolhede
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gadomski
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Marroquin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D012119:Respiration; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D013696:Temperature; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D013256:Steroids; D014801:Vitamin A