title: Thyroid growth factors, signal transduction pathways, and oncogenes.
abstract: Growth of thyroid cancer cells is stimulated by various growth factors via signal transduction pathways. TSH, EGF, IGF, and TGF-alpha stimulate and TGF-beta inhibits thyroid cell growth. TSH stimulates thyroid cells via both the adenylate cyclase-PKA and the PLC-PKC-Ca signal transduction pathways. TSH-r, ras, gsp, ret, trk, and myc are oncogenes that are activated in some thyroid neoplasms. P53 and RB are tumor suppressor genes that are inactivated in some thyroid cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Q Y
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Duh
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Grossman
mesh_terms: D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000166:cytology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D013002:Somatomedins; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D013972:Thyrotropin