title: Pulsed magnetic field from video display terminals enhances teratogenic effects of cytosine arabinoside in mice.
abstract: Eighty-nine Swiss Webster mice were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) group, a cytosine arabinoside (ara-C, a teratogen) group, and a combined PMF + ara-C group. Mice in the PMF and PMF + ara-C groups were irradiated with a PMF (a sawtooth waveform with 52 microseconds rise time, 12 microseconds decay time, and 15.6 kHz frequency) at a peak magnetic flux density of 40 microT for 4 hours daily on days 6-17 of gestation. The mice in the ara-C and the PMF + ara-C groups were injected intraperitoneally on day 9 of gestation with 10 mg/kg of ara-C. The incidence of resorption and dead fetuses was not affected by PMF but was increased by ara-C injection. The malformation incidence of cleft palate (CP) and/or cleft lip (CL) was significantly higher in all three of the treated groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). If, however, statistical analyses had been done on litters rather than on individual fetuses, they would show that the incidence of CP and/or CL in the PMF group is not significantly greater than that in the control group. A significantly higher incidence of CP and/or CL was found in the PMF + ara-C group (49%) than the ara-C alone group (26.1%). These data suggest that PMF might enhance the development of ara-C-induced CP and/or CL. The incidence of minor variations in skeletal development, including reduction of skeletal calcification and loss of skeleton, was not statistically significant in the PMF group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Microwave Institute, Zhejiang Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000209:etiology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000209:etiology; D016288:Computer Terminals; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology; D005327:Fetal Resorption / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine