title: Contact endoscopy during microlaryngeal surgery: a new technique for endoscopic examination of the larynx.
abstract: By means of a microcolpohysteroscope during microlaryngoscopy, the cells of superficial layers of the vocal cord epithelium, previously stained with methylene blue, were observed in vivo and in situ. Several parameters were evaluated: regularity of the epithelium, dimensions and color of the nucleus, nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, nucleus and cytoplasm contours, and presence of the nucleolus, mitosis, cytoplasmic inclusions, keratosis, and koilocytes, among others. The normal squamous epithelium of the vocal cord has a homogeneous cell arrangement, with a spheroid and isochromic nucleus, and a uniform nucleus-cytoplasm ratio. Specific cellular epithelial patterns in different disorders were observed, namely, chronic laryngitis, keratosis, dysplasia, papilloma, and malignant tumor. The present study on contact endoscopy during microlaryngeal surgery reports our first results with this original technique, performed in 68 patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrea
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007642:Keratosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure