title: Epstein-Barr virus coinfection and recombination in non-human immunodeficiency virus-associated oral hairy leukoplakia.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated oral hairy leukoplakia (HLP) is characterized by coinfection with multiple types and strains of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and recombination within the EBV genome. HIV-seronegative immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients with HLP were examined to determine the pathogenic contribution of EBV coinfection and recombination to the development of HLP. Multiple coinfecting EBV strains were detected in both HLP specimens and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of HIV-seronegative persons with HLP. One specific EBV strain was detected in HLP specimens from 3 of 4 patients. Also, viral recombination during productive replication within HLP generated variants of the latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) and nuclear antigen-2 (EBNA-2) genes. Some variants were also detected within PBL. Thus, EBV coinfection and recombination are consistent findings in persons with HLP regardless of immune status. Virally mediated determinants may be important features of EBV pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7295, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Walling
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Markovitz
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Krutchkoff
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raab-Traub
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins