title: Effect of supplemental perfluorocarbon administration on hypotensive resuscitation of severe uncontrolled hemorrhage.
abstract: Recent animal studies of acute hemorrhage in the presence of a vascular injury have demonstrated improved survival and decreased hemorrhage volume with hypotensive resuscitation, but this has occurred at the expense of tissue perfusion. It was hypothesized that addition of an oxygen-carrying perfusate would improve tissue oxygen delivery during hypotensive resuscitation. Hypotensive resuscitation of severe uncontrolled hemorrhage was compared with and without supplementation with Oxygent HT, an emulsion of perflubron (perfluorooctylbromide; PFOB; Alliance Pharmaceutical Corporation, San Diego, CA), an oxygen-carrying perfusate. Fifteen swine (15 to 22 kg) with 4-mm aortic tears were bled to a pulse pressure of 5 mm Hg and then resuscitated (estimated blood loss, 40 to 50 mL/kg). All animals were resuscitated with normal saline (6 mL/kg/min) infused as needed to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg. One group (PFC) of animals also received an infusion of 6 mL/kg perfluorooctylbromide emulsion. Another group served as controls and received an equal volume of placebo (normal saline). Animals were observed for 120 minutes or until death. Data were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) the Student's t test, and Fisher's exact. A P value < .05 was considered significant. Two-hour mortality rates were 12.5% and 43% for PFC-treated animals and controls, respectively (P > .05; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] for this difference in mortality is -13% to 74%). Oxygen content and delivery were significantly greater in the treatment group. In conclusion, administration of an oxygen-carrying perfusate significantly improves oxygen delivery in hypotensive crystalloid resuscitation of severe uncontrolled hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dronen
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McGoron
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaffins
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Millard
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keipert
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Faithfull
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004655:Emulsions / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C003072:perflubron