title: Sun protection by a summer-weight garment: the effect of washing and wearing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of use (washing and wearing) on the photoprotection provided by a cotton fabric.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty jersey-knit pure cotton T-shirts were worn for 4-8 hours per week and washed weekly for 10 weeks. Fabric samples taken before and after use were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fabric ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was calculated from spectrophotometric ultraviolet radiation transmission data. Changes in fabric structure and hole size were determined for samples from one T-shirt by light microscopy and image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UPF increased consistently and significantly after use, from a mean of 19.0 to 40.6. A corresponding reduction in fabric hole area was seen under the light microscope and confirmed on image analysis (from 8.0% to 3.9% of total image area).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UPF of pure cotton garments may improve after use, at least in the short term. The increase is mostly accounted for by reduction in fabric hole area due to shrinkage.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Georgouras
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pailthorpe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D003368:Gossypium; D006801:Humans; D007846:Laundering; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011481:Protective Clothing; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013471:Sunburn / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays