title: A pseudoepidemic due to laboratory contamination deciphered by molecular analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A clinical, microbiological, and molecular analysis to identify the source of a cluster of pseudoinfections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of the cases, prospective epidemiologic survey, and laboratory investigation. Molecular analysis of the isolates was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary Veterans Affairs medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients admitted over a 2-week period with musculoskeletal complaints had one or more joint fluid specimens submitted for culture. In each case, anaerobic chopped meat-glucose broth (CMGB) tubes yielded one or more organisms not typically associated with septic arthritis (Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia hermannii, and Pseudomonas diminuti). The first three organisms were isolated from specimens from multiple patients. Two patients had multiple positive cultures; for two patients, separate cultures yielded additional organisms on solid media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laboratory investigation yielded an isolate of E faecium from 1 of 30 sham-inoculated CMGB tubes. PFGE analysis demonstrated that a single strain of E cloacae was isolated from four CMGB tubes representing all three patients, and a single strain of E faecium was isolated from CMGB tubes representing two patients and the sham-inoculated tube.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of molecular typing clearly demonstrated clonality among the isolates and indicated that a common source of contamination, most likely the CMGB tubes, was responsible for these cases.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brecher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fitzsimmons
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durbin
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Arbeit
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Maslow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial