title: [Therapeutic approach to the management of fat embolism syndrome].
abstract: So far, no clinical or experimental study has demonstrated that any drug has a beneficial effect (heparin, cortisone, dextran, etc.) on the course of fat embolism syndrome (FES). Thus, prevention, early diagnosis, and adequate symptomatic treatment are of paramount importance. Besides surgical measures, such as reduction of intraosseous pressure and bone-marrow release during hip or knee replacement, proper treatment of shock in traumatized patients, recognition of risk factors and maintainance of intraoperative cardiorespiratory stability are cornerstones in the prevention of fat embolism syndrome. It is well documented that bone-marrow release into the circulation and pulmonary embolism occurs during any hip or knee arthroplasty. As a result of improvements in anesthesia management, the clinical appearance of FES has moved into the postoperative period. This calls for mandatory cardiorespiratory monitoring up to 24 h postoperatively. When facing a clinically manifest fat embolism syndrome, monitoring and symptomatic treatment must be adapted to the patient's needs in order to ensure adequate oxygenation and acceptable circulatory conditions to protect organ function.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesie und Allgemeine Intensivmedizin, Universität Wien.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huemer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kratochwill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koller-Strametz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hopf
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schlag
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salzer
mesh_terms: D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004620:Embolism, Fat / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007720:Knee Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
vernacular_title: Therapeutische Ansätze zur Behandlung des Fettemboliesyndroms.