title: Illegitimate replication of linear hepadnavirus DNA through nonhomologous recombination.
abstract: Linear hepadnavirus DNA in primary hepatocyte cultures efficiently participates in intra- and intermolecular nonhomologous recombination at its ends. The products of this recombination are (i) monomeric covalently closed circular DNAs (cccDNAs) with deletions and insertions around the site of joining and (ii) oligomeric forms in which monomers are joined near the ends in random orientation. A fraction of monomeric cccDNAs can serve as intermediates in further DNA replication through at least five generations of nonhomologous recombination in a process we call illegitimate replication. We suggest that the monomeric and oligomeric linear DNAs produced by illegitimate replication may be precursors of the integrated and other high-molecular-weight hepadnaviral DNA forms seen in chronic infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Summers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004261:DNA Replication; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000378:metabolism; D004372:Ducks; D015613:Hepadnaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004270:DNA, Circular