title: Legionella contamination of dental-unit waters.
abstract: Water samples collected from 28 dental facilities in six U.S. states were examined for the presence of Legionella pneumophila and other Legionella spp. by the PCR-gene probe, fluorescent-antibody microscopic, and viable-plate-count detection methods. The PCR and fluorescent-antibody detection methods, which detect both viable and viable nonculturable Legionella spp., gave higher counts and rates of detection than the plate count method. By the PCR-gene probe detection method, Legionella spp. were detected in 68% of the dental-unit water samples and L. pneumophila was detected in 8%. Concentrations of Legionella spp. in dental-unit water reached 1,000 organisms per ml or more in 36% of the samples, and 19% of the samples were in the category of 10,000/ml or above. L. pneumophila, when present in dental-unit water, never reached concentrations of 1,000/ml or more. Microscopic examination with fluorescent-antibody staining indicated that the contamination was in the dental-unit water lines rather than in the handpieces. Legionella spp. were present in 61% of potable water samples collected for comparative analysis from domestic and institutional faucets and drinking fountains; this percentage was not significantly different from the rate of detection of Legionella spp. in dental-unit water. However, in only 4% of the potable water samples did Legionella spp. reach concentrations of 1,000 organisms per ml, and none was in the 10,000 organisms-per-ml category, and so health-threatening levels of Legionella spp. in potable water were significantly lower than in dental-unit water. L. pneumophila was found in 2% of the potable water samples, but only at the lowest detectable level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Atlas
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Huntington
mesh_terms: D015342:DNA Probes; D003748:Dental Equipment / Q000009:adverse effects; D003749:Dental Facilities; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects; D003797:Dental Staff; D006801:Humans; D007875:Legionella / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007876:Legionellosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes