title: Effect of the arterial oxygenation level on cardiac output, oxygen extraction, and oxygen consumption in low birth weight infants receiving mechanical ventilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects on oxygenation of targeting the higher versus the lower end of the currently recommended range for pulse oximetry (Spo2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandomized crossover trial with the use of within-subject comparisons (two-tailed paired t test).
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty infants whose lungs were mechanically ventilated (mean +/- SD: birth weight, 1192 +/- 396 gm; gestational age, 28.7 +/- 2.7 weeks; age at time of study, 42 +/- 26 hours).
  
  
  METHODS
  The inspired oxygen concentration was adjusted to achieve Spo2 readings of 93% to 96% versus 89% to 92% (Ohmeda pulse oximeter) or 95% to 98% versus 91% to 94% (Nellcor oximeter).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac output was measured by echocardiography, oxygen content of arterial blood samples by cooximetry, and oxygen consumption by indirect calorimetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inspired oxygen concentrations required to achieve the Spo2 target ranges were 39.8% +/- 8.3% versus 28.7% +/- 6.1% (p < 0.001). The respective arterial oxygen contents were 18.0 +/- 2.6 ml/dl versus 16.9 +/- 2.5 ml/dl (p < 0.001). Oxygen consumption was unchanged. In the lower-oxygen condition no compensatory increase in cardiac output was detected; thus the estimated mixed venous oxygen tension decreased and the oxygen extraction ratio increased. Venous admixture increased from 15% +/- 6% to 31% +/- 9% in the lower-oxygen condition (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The "low normal" Spo2 target range allowed for less oxygen exposure. No signs of mismatch between systemic oxygen delivery and demand could be detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Way
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sinclair
mesh_terms: D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D001239:Inhalation; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012121:Respiration, Artificial
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen