title: Effect of pulse loading with clomipramine on EEG sleep.
abstract: Two different initial dosing regimens with clomipramine (CMI) were used to compare early response indicators and dose strategies. Thirty-two inpatients with major depressive disorder were randomized in a double-blind protocol. The pulse-loading group received 150 and 200 mg of CMI on 2 consecutive evenings and then received a placebo for 8 days. The traditional dosing group began at 50 mg of CMI followed by gradual increases every second day until 200 mg was reached. After 10 days, both groups were placed on an adjustable dosing schedule of CMI, initially set at 200 mg, for an additional 2 weeks. Significant drug effects were noted on several sleep parameters demonstrating suppression of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In the pulse-loading group, drug responders were found to have a significantly faster and more robust rebound in REM sleep than nonresponders. Both measures of REM activity and REM sleep time showed a significant difference between the groups. In addition, a significant correlation was found between falling levels of the desmethylclomipramine metabolite of CMI and REM sleep activity during the rebound phase. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, WPIC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2593, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Perel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miewald
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Grochocinski
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ehlers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003700:Delta Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D017286:Polysomnography; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D002997:Clomipramine