title: A live attenuated bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine is safe, infectious, immunogenic, and phenotypically stable in infants and children.
abstract: The safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, transmissibility, and phenotypic stability of an intranasal bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3) candidate vaccine was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3)-seronegative children, 92% were infected, and 92% developed a serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody response to BPIV-3 and 61% to HPIV-3. Geometric mean HAI titers were 1:40 to BPIV-3 and 1:16 to HPIV-3. In studies to evaluate vaccine transmissibility, none of 14 placebo recipients in close contact with 14 vaccinees shed BPIV-3. BPIV-3 isolates from seronegative vaccinees retained the attenuation phenotype when tested in rhesus monkeys. Although it is difficult to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of such a vaccine in an open population of children who frequently become infected with HPIV-3, it appears that the live BPIV-3 vaccine is attenuated, infectious, immunogenic, poorly transmissible, and phenotypically stable and warrants further evaluation as a candidate vaccine in infants and children.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Karron
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makhene
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tollefson
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Steinhoff
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002417:Cattle; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines