title: On the source of the oscillations observed during in vivo zinc phthalocyanine fluorescence pharmacokinetic measurements in mice.
abstract: Surface-detected fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to monitor the pharmacokinetics of uptake and clearance of red-absorbing fluorophores such as zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) in vivo. When this technique is applied to mice that have been fed on a normal chlorophyll-based diet, and particularly when measurements are performed in the abdominal region, oscillations are sometimes observed superimposed on the pharmacokinetic curve of the ZnPc. An oscillatory signal has also been observed arising from the abdominal region of control mice fed a normal diet but not injected with the ZnPc photosensitizer; this oscillatory component to the signal is reduced when mice are fed a chlorophyll-free diet. The oscillatory signal component has been attributed to fluorescence arising from chlorophyll derivatives (pheophorbide/pheophytin) contained in the rodent food, whose concentration in the measured abdominal region changes substantially with time, presumably due to digestive processes. Thus it is important to be aware of the possibility of such artifactual contributions to in vivo fluorescence pharmacokinetic measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Gudgin Dickson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jori
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Pottier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Weagle
mesh_terms: D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D054833:Isoindoles; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009991:Oscillometry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017967:Zinc Compounds
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D008081:Liposomes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C052159:Zn(II)-phthalocyanine; D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; D015032:Zinc