title: Reversible cone photoreceptor injury in commotio retinae of the macula.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the foveal cone photopigment kinetics in two patients with commotio retinae of the posterior pole (Berlin edema).
  
  
  METHODS
  A noninvasive technique, called fundus reflection densitometry, was used to provide a measure of the amount of visual photopigment at the foveal area and the time constant of photopigment regeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strongly impaired foveal cone photopigment kinetics were found in two patients during the acute stage of commotio retinae. Complete recovery occurred within 3 months in both patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal opacification in Berlin edema is accompanied by a traumatic lesion at the level of the photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) complex. These results support recent histopathologic data on commotio retinae, which revealed moderate photoreceptor outer segment disruption and retinal pigment epithelium damage. According to our data, such damage might be reversible.
authors.affiliation: F.C. Donders Institute of Ophthalmology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Liem
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Keunen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Norren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003720:Densitometry; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005584:Fovea Centralis; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000378:metabolism; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D012168:Retinal Pigments