title: The measurement structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
abstract: This study examined the temporal stability of the measurement structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) in 813 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Participants completed the CES-D (Radloff, 1977) on three occasions 1 year apart. Structural equation models and polyserial correlations were used to address methodological limitations of previous studies. Four competing measurement structures were tested with one factor, three factors, four factors, and a single second-order factor underlying the four-factor model. The four-factor and the second-order-factor models provided the best fit at Time 1. When cross-validated at Times 2 and 3, the four-factor and the second-order-factor models remained invariant. Researchers can now more confidently use the CES-D to examine how distress changes in chronic physical disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fifield
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reisine
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tennen
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D013997:Time Factors