title: Adsorption of botulinum toxin to activated charcoal with a mouse bioassay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effectiveness of activated charcoal (AC) in adsorbing Clostridium botulinum type A toxin using a mouse bioassay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, blinded, randomized, controlled animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal care facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty Swiss/Webster ND-4 strain mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Food contaminated with type A botulinum toxin was homogenized in a phosphate/gel buffer (pH 6.2). The concentrate was diluted by factors of 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100. AC was added to aliquots of the dilutions to a 20% final concentration. The samples were centrifuged, supernatant was removed, and separate groups of mice were injected intraperitoneally with .5 mL of each dilution (those treated with AC and controls untreated with AC). The animals were then observed over 5 days for signs of botulism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the 60 animals injected intraperitoneally with dilutions treated with AC was observed to have any signs of botulism. In contrast, deaths were observed in 10 of 20, 9 of 20 and 4 of 20 mice injected with untreated dilutions of 1:100, 1:50, and 1:10, respectively (P < .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this model, treatment of botulinum toxin with AC before administration resulted in greatly reduced morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver General Hospital, Denver Health and Hospitals, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, USA.
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guven
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Judson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brent
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D001905:Botulinum Toxins