title: CNS-effects from subarachnoid injections of iohexol and the non-ionic dimers iodixanol and iotrolan in the rabbit.
abstract: The neural tolerance of the new non-ionic dimer iodixanol was compared with that of the clinically used monomer iohexol and the dimer iotrolan. Behaviour of non-anaesthetised rabbits was monitored for 3 hours after intracisternal injection, at a dose-volume of 1 ml/kg of iodixanol 150 mg I/ml, iodixanol 320 mg I/ml, iohexol 350 mg I/ml, or iotrolan 300 mg I/ml (10 rabbits in each group). Iotrolan induced generalized seizures in 5 rabbits, iodixanol 320 mg I/ml in 2 rabbits, and iodixanol 150 mg I/ml in one rabbit. No excitative changes were observed in rabbits, iodixanol 320 mg I/ml in 2 rabbits, and iodixanol 150 mg I/ml in one rabbit. No excitative changes were observed in rabbits injected with iohexol, but compared with the dimeric contrast media the difference was not significant. Iohexol produced significantly more severe depressive changes than iodixanol 150 mg I/ml (p < 0.01), iodixanol 320 mg I/ml (p < 0.05), and iotrolan 300 mg I/ml (p < 0.05). The results indicate that the excitative neurotoxic potential of the dimer iodixanol is likely to be lower than that of the clinically used dimer iotrolan, but slightly higher than that of iohexol. It may be expected that both dimers will produce a lower frequency of minor neurological adverse reactions than iohexol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Malmö General Hospital, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sundgren
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bååth
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maly
mesh_terms: D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D007267:Injections; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects*; D013346:Subarachnoid Space; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C033300:iotrolan; D007472:Iohexol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C044834:iodixanol; D002122:Calcium Chloride