title: The impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on aboriginal mortality in Western Australia, 1989-1991.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the estimated death rates associated with alcohol and tobacco use for Australian Aboriginals in Western Australia with those for non-Aboriginals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deaths attributable to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption were estimated for 1989-1991 with the aetiological fractions method, using data from the Health Department of Western Australia's mortality database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tobacco smoking was responsible for 15.4% of all deaths and 13.9% of Aboriginal deaths, and alcohol consumption for 5% and 9.2%, respectively. The age-standardised death rates per 100,000 person-years for tobacco and alcohol were: Aboriginal males, 271 and 152; other males, 113 and 29; Aboriginal females, 118 and 56; and other females, 32 and 15. Of those who died as a result of tobacco use, 49% of Aboriginal males and 48% of Aboriginal females died before 55 years of age, compared with 11% and 10%, respectively, in non-Aboriginal males. For alcohol-related deaths, 62% of Aboriginal males and 70% of Aboriginal females died before 55 years of age, compared with 35% and 23%, respectively, in non-Aboriginals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During 1989-1991 tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption were responsible for much higher death rates among Aboriginals than among non-Aboriginals in Western Australia.
authors.affiliation: State Health Purchasing Authority, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Unwin
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gracey
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Thomson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D000095283:Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples