title: Clinical predictors of the defibrillation threshold with the unipolar implantable defibrillation system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between clinical variables and the defibrillation threshold by using a standardized testing protocol and a uniform implantable defibrillator system.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Past studied have not revealed useful correlations between clinical variables and the energy required to terminate ventricular fibrillation. Most of these studies did not use a uniform implantable defibrillator system or a standardized protocol to measure the defibrillation threshold and, thus, did not control for the influence of these technical influences. We postulated that defibrillator and defibrillation threshold measurement-based sources of variability overshadowed important clinical predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The defibrillation threshold was measured by using a standardized protocol in 101 consecutive patients. We used a transvenous unipolar pectoral defibrillation system that employed a single endocardial right ventricular defibrillation coil as the anode and the shell of an 80-cm3 pulse generator as the cathode to deliver a 65% tilt biphasic pulse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several clinical variables were found to be significantly associated with the defibrillation threshold: patient gender, height, weight, body surface area, heart rate at rest, QRS and corrected QT (QTc) intervals, left ventricular mass and several measures of heart and chest size by chest roentgenogram. None of these variables had a correlation coefficient > 0.45 with the defibrillation threshold. On multivariate analysis, left ventricular mass and heart rate at rest were the only independent predictors of the defibrillation threshold and explained only 25% of the observed variability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the use of a uniform transvenous defibrillation system and a standardized protocol to measure the defibrillation threshold, no clinically relevant correlation was found between clinical variables and the defibrillation threshold. The defibrillation threshold is probably a function of a complex interaction of anatomic, physiologic and cellular variables that are not adequately represented by easily obtainable clinical information. It is probably not possible to predict defibrillation outcome from standard clinical variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Raitt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Dolack
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kudenchuk
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Bardy
mesh_terms: D000638:Amiodarone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000638:Amiodarone