title: Ewing's sarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm in a child previously treated for Wilms' tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) are a rare occurrence after the successful treatment of childhood cancer. For survivors of Wilms' tumor, the 10-year cumulative risk of developing an SMN has been estimated to be 1%. Bone sarcomas arising within the radiation field are a common occurrence, yet Ewing's sarcoma has been rarely reported as an SMN.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-year-old girl presented with dyspnea 5 years after the diagnosis of stage III favorable histology Wilms' tumor and was found to have a right intrathoracic mass arising from the eighth and ninth ribs. The mass was located at the edge of the previous radiation field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor cytogenetics and immunocytochemistry were helpful in establishing the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma. Treatment included combination chemotherapy, with hematopoietic growth factor support, and excluded anthracyclines and radiotherapy. More than 1 year after the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma, the patient has completed therapy with no evidence of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report to our knowledge of Ewing's sarcoma arising in the irradiation field of a patient treated previously for Wilms' tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology/Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kaste
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Parham
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pappo
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000473:pathology; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000150:complications*