title: Stroop can occur without Garner interference: strategic and mandatory influences in multidimensional stimuli.
abstract: Stroop and Garner interference were studied in two experiments involving stimuli with several irrelevant features. Using these stimuli, which were more complex than those usually used in perceptual interference studies, a new phenomenon occurred: Stroop effects without a corresponding Garner interference were obtained in four out of six nontarget conditions, two with local and two with global targets. The effects with local targets were anomalous: on one dimension, incongruous Stroop stimuli were better than congruous ones, while on the other dimension, effects were restricted to a condition in which all nontargets were congruous. With global targets, more consistent cases of Stroop-without-Garner effects were obtained. All Stroop effects were replicated in Experiment 2, in which presentation time was varied. The effects showed a strong dependency on presentation time, in such a way as to suggest a dynamic growth of the percept. The results were interpreted in terms of an interaction between automatic and strategic components of perceptual processes, in agreement with a recently introduced perceptual-organization model, which yields a new interpretation of priming and interference phenomena.
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychonomics, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Leeuwen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bakker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011601:Psychophysics; D011930:Reaction Time