title: Sphingosine 1-phosphate rapidly activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by a G protein-dependent mechanism.
abstract: Addition of sphingosine 1-phosphate induces proliferation of quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts by unknown mechanisms. To identify the pathways involved, the ability of sphingosine 1-phosphate to activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was studied. Sphingosine 1-phosphate rapidly activated the Raf/MAP kinase kinase (MKK)/MAP kinase pathway, and the concentration dependence for MAP kinase activation correlated with that for induction of DNA synthesis. Both MKK1 and MKK2 were activated by sphingosine 1-phosphate, assessed by specific immune complex kinase assays. Prior treatment of the Swiss 3T3 cells with pertussis toxin inhibited 70-80% of the sphingosine 1-phosphate-stimulated MAP kinase activity. Thus, one of the direct or indirect targets of exogenous sphingosine 1-phosphate appears to be a G(i)/G(o) protein.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Sturgill
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008246:Lysophospholipids; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D000077214:Becaplermin; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D004247:DNA; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D013110:Sphingosine