title: In vivo human models for the study of anticholinergic drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The parasympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the nasal response to external stimuli.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review studies showing the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the nasal response and the effect of topical, intranasal anticholinergic agents on that response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review of in vivo human studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nasal provocation with methacholine leads to glandular stimulation. The response to methacholine provocation can be blocked by treatment with ipratropium bromide. Stimulation of one nostril with histamine, antigen, and cold, dry air leads to a bilateral secretory response that is partially inhibited by topical treatment with atropine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical anticholinergic agents should be useful in the reduction of glandular hypersecretion regardless of the etiology.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Naclerio
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Baroody
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006632:Histamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008954:Models, Biological; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D006632:Histamine