title: The role of social factors and individual characteristics in promoting alcohol use among inner-city minority youths.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During seventh grade, many adolescents initiate alcohol use yet school drop-out rates are still low. Therefore, this is an ideal period of adolescence to examine predictors of alcohol use. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the etiology of alcohol use among an understudied population: disadvantaged inner-city minority youths. Specifically, we attempted to develop as complete a model of predictors of alcohol use as possible from three domains: background characteristics, social influences to drink and individual characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  To explore alcohol use of youths who are living in poverty and are members of minority groups, New York City public schools from districts known to have predominantly minority student bodies with low socioeconomic status (SES) were identified. Self-reports of alcohol use and data concerning background, social environmental and individual characteristics hypothesized to promote drinking alcohol were collected from black and Hispanic seventh graders (N = 757).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression analyses indicated that social influences from friends, peers and parents predicted alcohol use. Most interestingly, the drinking status of the person the respondent most admired was related to drunkenness and future alcohol use. Individual characteristics, such as health-related knowledge concerning alcohol use and antidrinking attitudes, lowered the odds of drinking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings imply that effective prevention programs targeting inner-city minority youths should provide students with an awareness of the social influences to drink, provide them with positive role models and correct misperceptions about the prevalence of drinking among friends and peers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Botvin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schinke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D010379:Peer Group; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*