title: Surfactant therapy in neonates with respiratory deterioration due to pulmonary hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of exogenous bovine surfactant on oxygen and ventilatory requirements in neonates with respiratory deterioration due to pulmonary hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three regional neonatal intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants who received surfactant following a clinically significant pulmonary hemorrhage during the time period July 1991 to December 1993 were identified from a database. Infants were excluded if any other cause was found to explain their deterioration. The primary outcome was change in respiratory status following surfactant therapy, as reflected by oxygenation index (OI) and arterial/Alveolar oxygen ratio. Data points were taken as averages of 3 through 6 hours and 0 through 3 hours for the 6 hours before and after surfactant. Differences were analyzed using analysis of variance for repeated measures, with treatment and time as co-variates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median values (range): birth weight, 960 g (595 to 4045); age at pulmonary hemorrhage, 24.4 hours (0.3 to 62); and interval between pulmonary hemorrhage and surfactant therapy, 10 hours (3.7 to 46.5). Mean OI improved from 24.6, at 0 to 3 hours presurfactant, to 8.6 at 3 to 6 hours postsurfactant (P < .001). No patient deteriorated following surfactant therapy. The primary respiratory diagnosis was respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in 8, meconium aspiration syndrome in 3, and isolated pulmonary hemorrhage in 4. All those with RDS had also received surfactant before their pulmonary hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exogenous surfactant appears to be useful adjunctive therapy in neonates with a clinically significant pulmonary hemorrhage. Its use for this indication should be further investigated by a randomized controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto Perinatal Complex, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Colucci
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008471:Meconium Aspiration Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D010100:Oxygen