title: The detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA by PCR in clotted blood specimens.
abstract: Six hundred and ninety-two specimens, each consisting of a suspension of the residual free cells in samples of clotted blood (but not the clots themselves) from 680 patients at high risk for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were tested by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure which had been optimized to give a sensitivity of detection of one copy of HIV-1 proviral plasmid DNA, and the results were compared to those of testing for antibody to HIV on the same specimens. Fifty-one of the specimens were positive for antibody to HIV and 49 of these were also positive by the PCR; the two samples which gave discordant results were found to be PCR-positive when the test was repeated on DNA extracted from the clots themselves. Two specimens were found to be negative for antibody to HIV but were positive by the PCR (53 positive specimens in all). Direct sequencing of the PCR DNA products confirmed their specificity in all cases and demonstrated that no two patients gave the same predicted amino acid sequence for the V3 loop region. The sequences revealed both European/North American and African motifs at the crown of the V3 loop thus indicating a diversity of HIV strains in the SW Thames Region of South London. The results show that the confirmatory PCR for HIV-1 can be carried out efficiently on the same clotted blood specimens as used for routine HIV serology on patients undergoing diagnostic evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
authors.lastname: Boriskin YuS
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carrington
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Coates
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005060:Europe; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015752:Genes, env; D015750:Genes, gag; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009656:North America; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011533:Proviruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015483:HIV Antibodies