title: Upper extremity thromboembolism caused by occlusion of axillofemoral grafts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The axillofemoral bypass graft (AxFG) is increasingly accepted as treatment for lower extremity ischemia caused by aortoiliac occlusive disease in high-risk patients. The incidence of upper extremity (UE) thromboembolism caused by occlusion of an AxFG and the results of treatment form the basis for this report.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1984 to the present, all patients undergoing axillofemoral bypass grafting were followed up in a vascular registry. A standardized operative technique, using an externally supported 8-mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft, was used in performing 202 AxFGs in 182 patients. UE thromboembolism caused by occlusion of an AxFG was identified by retrospective patient record review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occlusion of an AxFG occurred in 20 patients. Fifteen patients (75%) underwent immediate revision of the occluded graft. Two patients (10%) developed UE thromboembolism simultaneous with graft occlusion. One of these patients had immediate revision of the graft, and 1 had brachial embolectomy only. This patient and 4 others (25%) had the occluded AxFG left in place. Four of these 5 patients (80%) developed UE thromboembolism at 26 days, 2 years, 5 years, and 7 years, respectively, after occlusion. Overall, six UE thromboembolic complications occurred in 5 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UE thromboembolism represents a significant and specific complication of occluded AxFGs in our series (2.7% of patients, 25% of occluded grafts). It may be prudent to prophylactically detach the axillary portion of the graft and repair the axillary artery in patients who do not require immediate revision of an occluded AxFG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: McLafferty
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Moneta
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D001366:Axillary Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D017128:Embolectomy; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome