title: Major gastrointestinal bleeding occurring after liver transplantation.
abstract: The incidence, frequency, and sites of major gastrointestinal bleeding occurring after successful liver transplantation are reported. Only 2.3% of liver transplant recipients experience a major gastrointestinal hemorrhage characterized by clinical hypotension or a need for more than three units of blood over a 12-hour period. Bleeding rarely occurs from a lesion identified pretransplantation. Most bleeding episodes, although clinically significant, can be managed without additional surgery unless liver graft failure occurs, necessitating a second liver graft.
authors.affiliation: Oklahoma Transplantation Institute, Baptist Medical Center of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City 73112, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hassanein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gurakar
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Van Thiel
mesh_terms: D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors