title: Painful spondylolisthesis in a two-year-old child.
abstract: Spondylolisthesis is considered one of the common causes of back pain in children. There are far fewer cases reported in children under the age of 4 years. However, all patients described were diagnosed by radiographic examination in a workup for other congenital or musculoskeletal abnormalities. This report describes a 2-year-old girl who presented with low back pain and was subsequently diagnosed with spondylolisthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lucey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D012447:Sacrum; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy