title: Cold-shock induction of a family of TIP1-related proteins associated with the membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: TIP1 is the first known cold-shock- and heat-shock-induced gene in Saccharomyces cerevislae. Here it is demonstrated that a TIP1 homologue, TIR1, which had been previously cloned as SRP1 (serine-rich protein), is strongly induced by a downshift in growth temperature from 30 to 10 degrees C. We further cloned TIR2, which is transcribed at a low basal level but is increased strongly by cold shock and, to a lesser extent, by heat shock. The predicted protein sequence of TIR2 demonstrates remarkable homology to TIR1 (72.2%) and is also homologous with TIP1 (49%). TIP1, TIR1 and TIR2 are rich in both serine and alanine residues and each contains serine-rich tandem repeats. The proteins contain putative N-terminal signal peptides as well as hydrophobic C-terminal sequences, indicating that the proteins may be membrane bound. The predicted protein sequences are also consistent with extensive O-mannosylation as well as glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) membrane anchoring. Cell fractionation analysis as well as studies using a yeast strain that is conditionally deficient in glycosylation demonstrate that TIP1 is a heavily modified membrane-associated protein. Single, double combinations and triple mutants were created and none demonstrated any obvious phenotype, indicating that this family of genes is not essential for normal growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey at Rutgers, Piscataway, USA.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inouye
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D028901:alpha Karyopherins
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C070948:TIP1 protein, S cerevisiae; C093497:TIR2 protein, S cerevisiae; D028901:alpha Karyopherins