title: Wakeful response to command indicates memory potential during emergence from general anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An important aspect of assessing anesthetic depth is determining whether a patient will remember events during surgery. We looked for a clinical sign that would indicate a patient's potential for memory formation during emergence from anesthesia. A clinical sign indicating memory potential could be a useful endpoint for measuring the performance of anesthetic depth monitors and for titrating administration of anesthetic agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated patients' responses to commands to open the eyes, squeeze the hand four times, and count 20 numbers. These responses were correlated with results on recall, cued recall, and multiple-choice memory tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients did not have evidence of memory formation until they sustained wakefulness sufficiently long to complete at least four hand squeezes or count four numbers. Of 28 patients, 13 (46%) with this sustained wakeful response had memory. Of 22 patients, 0 (0%) had evidence of memory formation when they demonstrated a brief wakeful response, defined as being responsive to command but unable to complete more than one hand squeeze or count, or an intermediate response, defined as two or three hand squeezes or counts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that a brief wakeful response to command indicates that a patient is unlikely to form memories, while a sustained wakeful response indicates that a patient may form memories. Thus, a patient's wakeful response to command could be a useful indicator of potential for memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dutton
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001364:Awareness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D014851:Wakefulness