title: Short-stay carotid endarterectomy is safe and cost-effective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is conventionally performed following a contrast arteriogram, under general anesthesia, and with postoperative admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). We investigated whether any of these traditional adjuncts to CEA is necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen consecutive patients had CEA performed according to a protocol of duplex scanning only, operation under regional anesthesia, and admission to the ICU only in cases of a proven need for services unique to the ICU (group I). Utilization of preoperative arteriography, admission to the ICU, postoperative complications, total hospital length of stay, and hospital charges were calculated for this group and results were compared with a group of 178 patients undergoing conventional CEA (arteriography, general anesthesia, routine ICU admission) during the same period (group II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group I, 1 patient (6%) underwent preoperative arteriography and 4 patients (22%) were admitted to the ICU after CEA. Most group II patients (114 of 178, or 64%) underwent preoperative arteriography and virtually all (175 of 178, or 98%) were admitted to the ICU. Compared with group II, the average hospital length of stay for group I was significantly shorter (1.3 +/- 0.1 versus 3.1 +/- 0.3 days, P = 0.03) and hospital charges were significantly reduced ($5,861 +/- 229 versus $11,140 +/- 729, P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study suggests that CEA can be safely performed without routine preoperative carotid arteriography; that routine ICU admission is unnecessary for the majority of cases; and that elimination of routine arteriography and ICU admission can reduce hospital charges for CEA by nearly one half.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kraiss
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kilberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Critch
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000191:economics; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000191:economics; D000792:Angiography / Q000191:economics; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000191:economics; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000191:economics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside