title: Influence of glucose load on cardiovascular and humoral responses to a cold pressure test.
abstract: To investigate the relationship between insulin and reactivity to the cold pressure test four groups of mildly obese patients (12 per group: normotensive, essential hypertensive, normotensive (N-NIDD) and hypertensive non-insulin-dependent diabetics (H-NIDD)) underwent a standardised oral glucose tolerance test. During the test, BP and heart rate were monitored and venous blood samples were obtained at 0, 60 and 120 minutes to determine serum levels of glucose, insulin (microU/ml), sodium, potassium (mEq/I), renin activity (ng/ml/hour), aldosterone, noradrenaline and adrenaline. The cold pressure tests were performed before glucose ingestion (I-CPT) and again at 60 minute after ingestion (II-CPT). As expected, glucose ingestion caused a significant increase in glycaemia and serum insulin; the latter rose significantly more at 60 minutes in normotensives (85 +/- 6) and essential hypertensives (83 +/- 5) than in N-NIDD (30 +/- 4) and H-NIDD (29 +/- 3). Plasma K significantly decreased in normotensives (4.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.1, P < 0.05) and essential hypertensives (4.3 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.1, P < 0.05) but did not change in either N-NIDD or H-NIDD. PRA significantly increased in normotensives (0.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.1, P < 0.01) and essential hypertensives (0.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.2, P < 0.05) but did not change in N-NIDD or H-NIDD. Plasma sodium and catecholamines did not change in any group. I-CPT induced similar reactivity in all the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Centro per lo studio e la terapia dell'ipertensione, Ospedale Generale, Umberto I, Syracusae, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stornello
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Valvo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Distefano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cocuzza
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vasques
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Modicano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giustolisi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D007328:Insulin; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium