title: Raynaud's disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
abstract: Raynaud's disease is a common vasospastic disorder affecting the digits of both hands. Women are most commonly affected. This disorder occurs in two forms: Raynaud's disease and Raynaud's phenomenon. Raynaud's phenomenon is associated with a secondary etiology, most commonly scleroderma. Symptoms may precede the onset of connective tissue disease by a number of years. The pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, recommendations for referral, and treatment of Raynaud's disease are presented. A protocol for use by the nurse practitioner in the primary care setting is provided.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy