title: Psychophysical responses to a speech stressor: correlation of plasma beta-endorphin levels at rest and after psychological stress with thermally measured pain threshold in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that psychological stress alters plasma levels of opioid peptides and that these plasma levels are related to pain perception in patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Public speaking psychological stress has previously been shown to be associated with silent ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  After instrumentation and a 30-min rest period, venous blood samples for beta-endorphin were obtained before and immediately after psychological stress in 20 patients with coronary artery disease. Pain threshold was then assessed using a thermal probe technique at baseline and immediately after stress. Patients gave three brief speeches lasting a total of 15 min about real-life hassle situations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychological stress significantly increases plasma beta-endorphin levels (4.3 +/- 0.9 pmol/liter [mean +/- SE] at rest to 8.3 +/- 2 pmol/liter after stress, p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between pain threshold and beta-endorphin levels after stress (r = 0.577, p = 0.008). This significant positive correlation was still present while rest blood pressure and change in blood pressure during stress were controlled for by analysis of covariance techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with coronary artery disease and exercise-induced ischemia, public speaking produces psychological stress manifested by increased cardiovascular reactivity and causes an increase in plasma beta-endorphin levels that is significantly correlated with pain thresholds. These findings may explain the predominance of silent ischemia during psychological stress in patients with coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sheps
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ballenger
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: De Gent
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krittayaphong
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dittman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maixner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McCartney
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Light
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001615:beta-Endorphin