title: Recovery of disturbed endothelium-dependent flow in the collateral-perfused rabbit ischemic hindlimb after administration of vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disturbed endothelium-dependent blood flow has been shown to be a feature of native collateral vessels. Recent studies have shown that recombinant angiogenic growth factors augment collateral development in animal models of hindlimb ischemia. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that the administration of an angiogenic growth factor, in this case vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), may promote recovery of disturbed endothelium-dependent blood flow in a rabbit model of hindlimb ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ischemia was induced by ligation of the external iliac artery and excision of the femoral artery in one limb of New Zealand White rabbits (day 0). Flow velocity was measured using a Doppler guide wire at rest and after administration of serotonin and acetylcholine. Blood flow (in mL/min) was calculated assuming a circular lumen geometry. In untreated control animals with an ischemic limb, serotonin administered at day 10 or 40 produced a decrease in hindlimb blood flow (71 +/- 2% and 33 +/- 6% reduction from baseline, respectively); in contrast, among animals treated with a single 500-micrograms bolus dose of VEGF administered selectively into the internal iliac artery at day 10 and studied at day 40, serotonin produced an increase in flow (119 +/- 8% from baseline; P < .05 versus control animals). Acetylcholine induced only a moderate increase in flow in control animals (152 +/- 15% at day 10 and 177 +/- 14% at day 40) in contrast to a profound increase among VEGF-treated animals studied at day 40 (254 +/- 25%; P < .05 versus control animals).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, these findings constitute the first demonstration of successful pharmacological modulation of disturbed endothelium-dependent flow in the arterial circulation subserved by collateral vessels. This physiological benefit complements previously reported anatomic findings suggesting a favorable impact of angiogenic growth factors on collateral-dependent limb ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bauters
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asahara
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bunting
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Symes
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Isner
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D011859:Radiography; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D012701:Serotonin; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000109:Acetylcholine