title: Cytokine regulation of chondrocyte functions.
abstract: Regulation of chondrocyte secretory functions and proliferation by cytokines and growth factors is central to cartilage development and maintenance of homeostasis in the mature organism. Depending on the type of extracellular stimulus, chondrocytes can be induced to enter a catabolic matrix degrading or anabolic matrix forming functional program. Interleukin I and transforming growth factor beta are the prototypic stimuli for the catabolic and anabolic program, respectively. Insight into the regulation of chondrocytes by cytokines and growth factors provides the basis for improved concepts of osteoarthritis pathogenesis and new perspectives for therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotz
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: von Kempis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dudler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Villiger
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Geng
mesh_terms: D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D007371:Interferon-gamma