title: [Influence of epidural anesthesia on the halothane MAC-intubation in emergence in infants and children].
abstract: The alveolar anesthetic concentration level at which the patient first shows movement when emerging from anesthesia is defined as MAC-intubation in emergence in infants and children. Twenty one patients of ASA physical status 1, were studied to determine the halothane MAC-intubation in emergence. The patients were divided into two groups; a general anesthesia alone group and a general anesthesia plus epidural anesthesia group. After endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxant, bupivacaine (0.25% with 200,000 epinephrine, 0.75 ml.kg-1) was injected into the lumbar epidural space in the epidural anesthesia group (n = 11). Each group was maintained at 1.0% end-tidal halothane concentration with oxygen under spontaneous respiration in the perioperative period. After the end of surgery, end-tidal halothane concentration, respiratory rate (RR), and ETCO2 were measured at the time halothane was discontinued and at the time of patient's first movement. The time from the discontinuation of halothane to the first body movement was recorded. The halothane MAC-intubation in emergence without epidural anesthesia was 0.26 +/- 0.03% (mean +/- SE) and that of the epidural anesthesia was 0.18 +/- 0.02% (P < 0.05). The time from the discontinuation of halothane to the first body movement tended to be longer without epidural anesthesia. RR and ETCO2 did not differ between the two groups of patients. The halothane MAC-intubation in emergence in the general anesthesia alone group was 0.26%, and adding epidural anesthesia decreased this concentration to 0.18%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goyagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006221:Halothane / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006221:Halothane