title: Intrapleural talc for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions secondary to breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of malignant pleural effusions secondary to breast cancer is a difficult problem. In the 1980s tetracycline was probably the most commonly used sclerosing agent, but parenteral tetracycline is no longer available. Therefore, it is important to evaluate alternative sclerosing agents. This prospective study was designed to determine the efficacy of insufflated talc in producing pleurodesis in patients with pleural effusions secondary to breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two patients admitted between May 1985 and November 1992 to the Department of Thoracic Surgery underwent thoracoscopy and had 2 gm sterile asbestos free talc insufflated throughout the pleural space at the time of the procedure. One or two chest tubes were inserted and left in place until fluid drainage was less than 100 ml per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 52 patients, 5 were not evaluable. Two patients died within 30 days of the procedure. In three additional patients the lung did not expand after thoracoscopy. The intrapleural insufflation of talc was effective in preventing recurrence of pleural effusion. At 30 days there was no recurrence of the pleural fluid in 45 of the 47 (95.7%) patients. One of these patients had a recurrence of the effusion 2 months after the procedure but the remaining 44 (93.6%) had no recurrence for the duration of the study. Aerosolized talc was associated with a moderate morbidity. Six (11.5%) patients had re-expansion edema, but all recovered. Empyema developed in one patient after the procedure. No episodes of respiratory distress syndrome were observed after talc pleurodesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The insufflation of 2 gm talc into the pleural space is an effective method to control pleural effusions secondary to breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Milanez
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Filomeno
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jatene
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Light
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D015505:Chest Tubes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D018700:Pleurodesis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D013627:Talc / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D013627:Talc