title: Intraocular tolerance of perfluorooctylbromide (perflubron)
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the intraocular tolerance of perfluorooctylbromide (perflubron) in vitrectomized rabbit and pig eyes and evaluated its use as a vitreous substitute in virteoretinal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pars plana vitrectomy was performed on 33 Dutch pigmented rabbits and 11 micro mini pigs. After vitrectomy the eyes were filled with perflubron for 2 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and up to 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No clinical, electroretinographic, or light and electron microscopic evidence of adverse effects on the retina and lens were observed. Perflubron emulsified and dispersed into small bubbles after 2-3 weeks. The lens showed mild posterior subcapsular cataracts in pig eyes after long-term retention of perflubron.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that perflubron is safe for intraoperative and for long-term use intravitreally. However, emulsification and the breakdown into small bubbles limits the view of the retina when perflubron is used as a long-term tamponade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flores-Aguilar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Munguia
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loeb
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Crapotta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vuong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakiba
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bergeron-Lynn
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weers
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002386:Cataract / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004596:Electroretinography; D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C073608:perfluorooctane; C003072:perflubron