title: Effect of cell line on in vitro metal ion cytotoxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The choice of cell line for in vitro biological tests which assess the cytotoxicity of dental materials remains controversial, yet this issue is important because these tests are widely used to rate the biocompatibility of new and existing materials, and many different cell lines are commonly used. The purpose of the current study was to quantify the responses of four cell lines (Balb/c 3T3, L929, ROS 17/2.8 and WI-38) to 14 metal ions which are released from dental materials, and relate these responses to the metabolic activity and population doubling times of these cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was used to monitor metabolic activity and cytotoxic response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cell lines responded differently to most metal ions. In general, the Balb/c 3T3 line was the most sensitive, and the WI-38 line was the least sensitive. However, there were many exceptions depending on the metal ion. The passage number of the cells also affected the cytotoxic response. It was concluded that the cytotoxicity of materials which release metal ions will be significantly different depending on which cell line is selected and its passage number.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the findings that cell lines ranked the toxicities of the metal ions similarly, it seems reasonable to use these types of in vitro tests to rank the cytotoxicities of materials. However, if these types of tests are used to predict in vivo cytotoxicity, care should be taken to choose conditions and cells which are relevant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wataha
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hanks
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000633:toxicity; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D007739:L Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D003764:Dental Materials; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase