title: Remission of substance use disorders: gay men in the first decade of AIDS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Participants in a 5-year prospective study of HIV-seropositive and seronegative gay men demonstrated a significant decline in the rate (from lifetime to current) of alcohol and other DSM-III-R psychoactive substance use disorders. The goal of the current study was to identify factors associated with the cessation of problematic substance use, to observe rates of relapse over 4 years, and to describe factors associated with relapse and no relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  A volunteer community sample of self-identified gay men (N = 56) were administered a semi-structured interview and several self-report measures by trained mental health clinicians, twice annually over a 5-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retrospective and prospective data revealed a significant decline in substance use and problems associated with use in the decade of the 1980s. This change occurred, for the most part, without formal treatment. Numerous motivating factors were associated with this change, which included a fear of AIDS, a change in attitudes in the gay community, changes in other risk-taking behaviours and concerns about self-image. A variety of informal methods were employed. Most notable was "avoiding situations associated with substance use."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in substance abuse/dependence occurred in the context of health concerns, caring for oneself and "cleaning up one's act." Having a concern about "self-image," avoiding situations associated with drug use and not using "drug substitution" as a method of quitting were important factors for maintaining successful change.
authors.affiliation: HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Remien
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rabkin
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ehrhardt
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gorman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D015438:Health Behavior; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States