title: Placement of a permanent cystostomy catheter to relieve urine outflow obstruction in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma.
abstract: Permanent cystostomy catheters were placed in 7 dogs to relieve urine outflow obstruction from presumed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder trigone and urethra. The catheters were easily managed at home by the owners. Complications were minimal. The most frequent complication was urinary tract infection. Two owners complained of difficulty in draining the bladder 1 week before euthanasia of their dogs. The primary reason for euthanasia of all dogs was progression of the tumor. Survival times of these dogs were similar to those previously reported for dogs with transitional cell carcinoma involving the bladder and urethra, irrespective of treatment. Placement of a permanent cystostomy catheter should be considered in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma associated with urine outflow obstruction when, owing to the dog's condition or the owner's preference, radical surgery or other treatment is not an option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D003559:Cystostomy / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*