title: Site of action of two novel pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors accurately predicted by the compare program.
abstract: The computer algorithm COMPARE provides information regarding the biological mechanism of action of a compound. In this study, excellent correlations were obtained for 2,2'-[3,3'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)diimino]bis- benzoic acid (redoxal) and 1-(p-bromophenyl)-2-methyl-1H- naphth[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione (BNID) and two well-studied dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD) inhibitors, dichloroallyl lawsone and brequinar, in terms of antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines in vitro. When redoxal and BNID were incubated with MOLT-4 cells for 72 hr, 50% growth inhibition was achieved at 0.7 and 3.5 microM, respectively. After 24 hr of incubation, pyrimidine triphosphate pools were shown to be decreased by 50% by redoxal (1 microM) and BNID (0.25 microM). Addition of either uridine (50 microM) or cytidine (100 microM) antagonized the cellular cytotoxicity caused by either drug; uridine corrected the UTP and CTP deficit, whereas cytidine corrected only the CTP deficit. Exposure of MOLT-4 cells to a 1 microM concentration of either drug for 18 hr followed by a 1-hr exposure to [14C]bicarbonate showed a 97% decrease of incorporation of [14C] into pyrimidine triphosphates accompanied by a 91- and 82-fold increase in radioactive incorporation into L-dihydroorotate and N-carbamyl-L-aspartate, respectively. By direct exposure of DHOD prepared from MOLT-4 cell mitochondria to a range of concentrations of the two drugs, apparent Ki values of 0.33 microM (redoxal) and 0.53 microM (BNID) were determined. These data provide direct evidence for inhibition of DHOD by redoxal and BNID in MOLT-4 lymphoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Cleaveland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monks
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaigro-Wolff
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Zaharevitz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paull
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ardalan
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ford
mesh_terms: D000611:Aminobiphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D000090722:Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012984:Software; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D011798:Quinaldines
chemical_list: D000611:Aminobiphenyl Compounds; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D000090722:Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase; D007093:Imidazoles; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; D011743:Pyrimidines; C093362:1-(4-bromophenyl)-2-methyl-1H-naphth(2,3-d)imidazole-4,9-dione; C018264:dichloroallyl lawsone; C093361:2,2'-((3,3'-dimethoxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diyl)diimino)bis-benzoic acid; C046943:brequinar; D011798:Quinaldines; C030986:pyrimidine