title: Early anticoagulation after large cerebral embolic infarction: a safety study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether hemorrhage after early anticoagulation in nonseptic embolic infarction is related to clinical severity and infarction size.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Explicit clinical criteria and timing of anticoagulation after large embolic infarctions are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 171 patients receiving anticoagulation between July 1992 and December 1993, 83 patients with hemispheric embolisms received heparin within 72 hours from onset (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT] 1.5 times control value). Stratified by age and sex, a "high-risk" group (46 patients) was defined as those having stroke symptoms involving three or more CNS domains, Mathew Scale score < or = 74, or hemorrhagic infarction on initial CT, and a "low-risk" group (37 patients) as those having stroke symptoms involving fewer than three cortical domains, or Mathew Scale score > 74, and CT showing no blood. Loss of consciousness, seizures, or history of bleeding were exclusion criteria. Repeated CTs (100%) and MRIs (36%) detailed infarctions according to standard maps and evaluated all unexplained clinical worsening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to therapy, high-risk patients had more severe clinical deficits (p < 0.01), larger infarctions on CT (p < 0.01), and more mass effect (p < 0.01). Hemorrhagic conversion (26% in the high-risk group versus 22% in the low-risk group) and hemorrhagic worsening (4% in the high-risk group versus 13% in the low-risk group) were unrelated to admission clinical severity or infarction size, but they were related to an excessive prolongation of the aPTT (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infarction size and clinical severity in alert patients with nonseptic embolic stroke carries no additional bleeding complications after early anticoagulation. If anticoagulants are deemed necessary, treatment delay seems unjustified. However, rigorous monitoring of the aPTT is strongly advised to keep the level at 1.5 to 2 times control values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chamorro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saiz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alday
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tolosa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D002542:Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants