title: Porcine detrusor cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes: characterization and functional effects of various phosphodiesterase inhibitors in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to characterize adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in porcine detrusor smooth muscle and to define their possible role in tension regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  PDEs were isolated from porcine detrusor homogenate by Q-Sepharose anion exchange and calmodulin affinity chromatography. The effects of selective inhibitors of cAMP and cGMP PDEs were investigated on isolated PDEs and on carbachol (1 microM) precontracted detrusor strips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six PDE isoenzymes were isolated by Q-Sepharose anion exchange and calmodulin affinity chromatography: one calmodulin-stimulated PDE (PDE I) which hydrolyzed mainly cGMP, one cGMP-stimulated cAMP PDE (PDE II), two cAMP-specific PDE (PDE IV alpha and IV beta), and two cGMP-specific PDE (PDE V alpha and V beta). PDE I was potently inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by papaverine, vinpocetine, and zaprinast; the PDE IVs were potently inhibited by papaverine and rolipram; and the PDE Vs were weakly inhibited by papaverine. In organ bath studies, inhibitors of PDE III (milrinone), IV (rolipram), and V (zaprinast) caused only minor relaxations at high concentrations (200 microM), whereas papaverine and vinpocetine caused relaxations of more than 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the involvement of cyclic nucleotide metabolism in the regulation of the detrusor smooth muscle tone in the pig and its regulation by PDEs. The weak action of PDE IV and V inhibitors in vitro may be explained by a possible intracellular compartmentalization of such PDEs and the low cyclic nucleotide turnover rate at the conditions used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Truss
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uckert
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Stief
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schulz-Knappe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Forssmann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D002217:Carbachol / Q000378:metabolism*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002847:Chromatography, Agarose; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D010208:Papaverine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011688:Purinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D020889:Rolipram; D013552:Swine; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011688:Purinones; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids; C013983:vinpocetine; D002217:Carbachol; D010208:Papaverine; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; C011145:zaprinast; D020889:Rolipram