title: Quantitation of myocardial dysfunction in ischemic heart disease by echocardiographic endocardial surface mapping: correlation with hemodynamic status.
abstract: Autopsy studies have suggested that infarction of > 35% of the myocardium is associated with cardiogenic shock. However, the relation between the extent of myocardial dysfunction and hemodynamic status has not been defined in patients in vivo. This study investigated, in patients with short-term and chronic left ventricular dysfunction, the relation between hemodynamic status and the extent of regional dyssynergia measured by two-dimensional echocardiography with quantitative endocardial surface mapping. Sixty patients were classified into hemodynamic groups by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and cardiac index. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were used to calculate left ventricular endocardial surface area index (ESAi), abnormal wall motion index (AWMi), percentage myocardial dysfunction (%MD), and number of wall motion abnormalities. All patients in class 4 (high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and low cardiac index had > or = 60% MD. With univariate analysis, hemodynamic class correlated with ESAi, AWMi, %MD, the number of wall motion abnormalities, and two clinical variables (number of infarctions and use of diuretic agents). By stepwise linear regression, only AWMi and the number of infarctions were independently predictive of hemodynamic status.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, University of Connecticut 06102-5037, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mikan
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Fram
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kluger
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gillam
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping; D002302:Cardiac Output; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004452:Echocardiography; D004699:Endocardium / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics