title: Effect of dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate on calcium and magnesium concentration in hyperactive boys.
abstract: Levels of calcium in plasma, red blood cells, and mononuclear blood cells, levels of calcium in plasma, and the plasma calcium-to-magnesium ratio were measured at baseline and after 3 weeks of each drug phase of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine in hyperactive boys. Levels of magnesium in plasma were significantly higher after 3 weeks of dextroamphetamine treatment, and the calcium-to-magnesium ratio was significantly lower after 3 weeks of either drug compared with the baseline or placebo condition. There was no change in magnesium levels in red blood cells or mononuclear blood cells. These measures were obtained 30 minutes before the morning dose and at 9 a.m., 9:30 a.m., 10:30 a.m., 11:00 a.m., and noon on the last day of each 3-week phase. Analysis of variance revealed a drug effect on plasma magnesium and on the calcium-to-magnesium ratio but no drug x time interaction. Although these changes were not correlated with the time course of acute symptomatic response to stimulant therapy, the decrease in the ratio may be relevant to side effects and treatment resistance associated with stimulant use.
authors.affiliation: Section on Clinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kruesi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Borcherding
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Elin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: McFarlin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamburger
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001835:Body Weight; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D004906:Erythrocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D008774:Methylphenidate; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D004837:Epinephrine