Long-term efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and risk of natural infection in infants born to mothers with hepatitis B e antigen.
To evaluate the long-term protection afforded by the vaccine, recombinant hepatitis B (HB) vaccine was given to 171 infants born to hepatitis B e antigen-positive carrier mothers. Group A (53 infants) and group B (57 infants) received four doses of HB vaccine at birth and at 1, 2, and 12 months of age, with a dose of 20 micrograms in group A and 10 micrograms in group B. Group C (61 infants) received three 20 micrograms doses of HB vaccine at birth and at 1 and 6 months of age. These children were followed up annually up to 5 years of age. Six children (4%) became HB carriers before 1 year of age, and the carrier state persisted to the end of follow-up. The overall seropositive rate of HB surface antibody (anti-HBs) dropped from 99% at 1 year of age to 83% at 5 years of age. Among 548 serum pairs taken at 1-year intervals from children negative for HB surface antigen (HBsAg), a fourfold rise of anti-HBs titer was noted in 58 (11%) and a 10-fold rise of anti-HBs was noted in 17 (3%). Maternal HB core antibody disappeared in most children (151/152, 99%) before 2 years of age. Natural infections, as judged by persistence or reappearance of HB core antibody, occurred in 19 of 163 (12%) HBsAg-negative children. None of these episodes was associated with HBsAg positivity. We conclude that the long-term protection afforded by recombinant HB vaccine is satisfactory and that a further booster dose before 5 years of age is not necessary.
Lee
P I
PI
Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China.
Lee
C Y
CY
Huang
L M
LM
Chang
M H
MH
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002353:Carrier State; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D009035:Mothers; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
D015415:Biomarkers; C075654:Engerix-B; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic