title: Primary infertility and oral contraceptive steroid use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between combined monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) use and primary infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women serving as controls of the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were 19 to 40 years of age at first conception or infertility diagnosis. Based on 24 consecutive months of unprotected intercourse without a recognized conception, 419 nulligravid women had primary infertility; controls were 2,120 fertile women. A calendar of each women's reproductive history was used to determine fertility status and contraceptive use before infertility diagnosis or first conception.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary infertility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined monophasic OC use was associated with a lower frequency of primary infertility, particularly among younger (age 20 years) compared with older women (age 30 years) after adjusting for barrier method use and education. A similar association was found for duration of OC use. When adjusted for age at first conception or infertility and barrier method, both higher (> 50 micrograms) and lower (< or = 50 micrograms) estrogen dose use were associated with decreased risk of primary infertility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined monophasic OC use was associated with a lower frequency of primary infertility.
authors.affiliation: Richland Memorial Hospital, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bagwell
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral