title: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 exhibits delayed gene expression following focal cerebral ischemia.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a pleiotropic peptide growth factor. The expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA in the focal ischemic cortex of rats was studied by means of Northern hybridization. A moderately low level of constitutively expressed TGF-beta 1 mRNA was detected following sham-surgery or in the contralateral (nonischemic) cortex. A significant increase of TGF-beta 1 mRNA level in the ischemic cortex was observed at 2 days (3.2-fold increase compared to sham-operated animals, p < 0.01, n = 4) following permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (PMCAO). The elevated TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression was plateaued for up to 15 days (3.6-fold increase, p < 0.01) following PMCAO. This temporal profile for TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression in focal stroke was significantly delayed compared to that of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNA expressions as demonstrated previously which peaked at 12 h and decreased to almost basal levels by 5 days following PMCAO. Interestingly, the TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression profile was remarkably parallel with that of monocyte/macrophage accumulation in the ischemic cortex, as well as with the increased formation of extracellular matrix in the focal ischemic brain. These data suggest that TGF-beta 1 may play a role in anti-inflammatory process and in tissue remodeling following ischemic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: G Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta