Interactions of the nervous and immune systems in development, normal brain homeostasis, and disease.
Neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurotrophins, and neuroendocrine hormones have traditionally been assigned functions in normal development and homeostasis of neuronal networks; cytokines and adhesion molecules have been assigned functions within the peripheral immune system. Molecular dissection of the presence and function of these receptors and ligands during development of the immune and nervous systems, in normal healthy adult central and peripheral nervous tissue, and in the pathological response of immune elements in the brain and neuroelements in the immune system has forced us to alter these long-held concepts. Examples of how glia and neurons function in relationship to these paracrine and autocrine stimuli in health and disease are provided in this short review.
Merrill
J E
JE
Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine 90024, USA.
Jonakait
G M
GM
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines