title: Experimental verification of computational methods to calculate magnification in refractive surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlation between measured and computed magnification caused by a change in the plane of correction from the spectacle plane to the corneal plane in myopic refractive surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients who underwent radial keratotomy and five normal volunteers served as subjects. Anticipated relative magnification was computed and measured by means of a direct-comparison eikonometer. Measured values were correlated to the anticipated magnification effects determined by computation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measured and computed magnifications were highly correlated (r = .891).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnification induced by refractive surgery can increase visual acuity in excess of 1 line for myopic corrections or similarly decrease visual acuity for hyperopic corrections. Magnification effects can be modeled accurately by means of computational methods. When clinical studies are designed to evaluate refractive surgery, ignoring the effects of magnification is similar to saying that visual acuity can be measured with and without the aid of a magnifier and the results directly compared.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chundru
mesh_terms: D003201:Computers; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007646:Keratotomy, Radial; D008297:Male; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000379:methods; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology; D054140:Refractive Surgical Procedures; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology