title: Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amines in obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, and healthy controls.
abstract: To examine the role of noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic mechanisms in the pathobiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS), concentrations of tyrosine (TYR), norepinephrine (NE), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), tryptophan (TRP), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 39 medication-free OCD patients, 33 medication-free TS patients, and 44 healthy volunteers. CSF TYR concentrations were reduced (p < .05) in the OCD patients compared to the healthy subjects. CSF NE in TS patients was 55% higher than in healthy controls (p < .001) and 35% higher than in OCD patients (p < .001). After covarying for height, CSF HVA levels were reduced (p < .05) in the OCD group compared to TS patients but not compared to the normal volunteers. No mean differences in CSF MHPG, TRP, and 5-HIAA were observed in this study across the three groups. The CSF NE data support the hypothesis that noradrenergic mechanisms are involved in the pathobiology of TS. Alterations in the balance of noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems are likely involved in the pathobiology of OCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Leckman
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: McSwiggan-Hardin
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McDougle
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Scahill
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ort
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pauls
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines