title: Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium associated with positive-pressure ventilation in a cat.
abstract: Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium with hypotension and tachycardia were observed after endotracheal intubation and during positive-pressure ventilation in a previously healthy cat anesthetized for ovariohysterectomy. Potential causes included tracheal tearing during intubation, a closed pop-off valve while using high oxygen flows, and preexisting acquired or congenital abnormalities in the respiratory tract. The cat responded well to conservative management, including cessation of positive-pressure ventilation and use of increased inspired oxygen concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D011026:Pneumopericardium / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*