title: Chlamydia trachomatis detected by polymerase chain reaction in cervices of culture-negative women correlates with adverse in vitro fertilization outcome.
abstract: The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the endocervices of 307 asymptomatic culture-negative women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) was evaluated. C. trachomatis was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 20 subjects (6.5%), and there were strong correlations between a positive finding and both failure to become pregnant (P = .013) and spontaneous abortion after embryo transfer (P = .004). C. trachomatis was identified in 2 (1.8%) of 112 who had term deliveries, 3 (27.3%) of 11 who spontaneously aborted, 1 (3.3%) of 30 with biochemical pregnancies, 13 (9.6%) of 135 with no pregnancy after embryo transfer, and 1 (5.3%) of 19 whose embryos did not become fertilized. There were no relationships between PCR findings and maternal age, cause of infertility, number of oocytes retrieved or fertilized, or number of embryos transferred; 55% of PCR-positive and 40% of PCR-negative women were undergoing at least their second IVF. An undetected C. trachomatis infection may be responsible for implantation failure or spontaneous abortion after IVF and embryo transfer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Witkin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kligman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grifo
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rosenwaks
mesh_terms: D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000382:microbiology*