title: Antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: Antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate (ActHIB; Pasteur Merieux) and pneumococcal (Pneumovax II; Morson) vaccines were measured in 56 infected children (VI) and 44 uninfected children (U) older than 18 months of age, born to human immunodeficiency virus-positive mothers. Preimmunization, 21% U and 20% VI had protective concentrations of anti-Hib polysaccharide antibodies. Postimmunization, 100% U and 86% VI achieved protective titers (P = 0.008). The geometric mean increase in anti-Hib polysaccharide antibody was 7.6 (95% confidence interval, 3.5 to 16.3; P = 0.0001) times higher in U than in VI children after adjusting for age and ethnicity. Sixty-one percent U compared to 54% VI showed a 2-fold increase in antibody levels to at least one of the four pneumococcal vaccine serotypes (3, 6, 19, 23) measured (P = 0.4). For both vaccines there was a significant trend toward poorer responses in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome but no correlation with age adjusted CD4 counts. These data suggest that human immunodeficiency virus-infected children should be immunized with these polysaccharide vaccines early in the course of their disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gibb
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spoülou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giacomelli
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masters
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misbah
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nokes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pagliaro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giaquinto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kroll
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000151:congenital* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000635:transmission; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; C055753:Haemophilus influenza type b polysaccharide vaccine-tetanus toxin conjugate; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid