title: Phase II study of fluorouracil and its modulation in advanced colorectal cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A variety of fluorinated pyrimidine-based regimens for the treatment of disseminated colorectal cancer have been presented in the medical literature. The Southwest Oncology Group designed a screening trial of seven regimens of fluorouracil (5-FU) to assess efficacy and toxicity afforded by biochemical modulation or schedule variations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred twenty patients were entered into this trial between August 1989 and January 1993. Eligible patients were classified as having recurrent or disseminated disease that was measurable or nonmeasurable. All eligible patients were evaluated for toxicity and survival; patients with measurable disease were evaluated for response according to standard criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No regimen achieved a higher response rate than single-agent bolus 5-FU. Eighty-four percent of patients have been monitored until death. The median survival time for the entire cohort is 14 months. Survival hazards ratios showed a positive trend in favor of the unmodulated infusion regimens, while high-grade toxicities occurred more frequently in the 5-FU bolus arms. The major high-grade toxicities were granulocytopenia and diarrhea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this trial, no regimen provided substantial improvement relative to 5-FU bolus or single-agent therapy for either response or survival in the treatment of disseminated colorectal cancer. The single-agent infusion regimens demonstrated the most encouraging results with a favorable toxicity profile and a 2-month longer survival duration than 5-FU bolus therapy.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Leichman
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Muggia
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tangen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ardalan
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Doroshow
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Holcombe
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangalik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D010746:Phosphonoacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C013195:sparfosic acid; D010746:Phosphonoacetic Acid; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil