title: Low-density lipoprotein apheresis as long-term treatment for children with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and efficacy of long-term dextran sulfate-affinity column low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis for the treatment of children with receptor-negative homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HFH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two children with HFH (pretreatment cholesterol levels 22.1 to 24.7 mmol/L (ranges 850 to 950 mg/dl) began LDL apheresis treatments at ages 7 and 10 years, respectively. The LDL apheresis treatment interval was generally either 7 or 14 days; for the last 2 years of the study the treatment interval was 7 days. The patients had 167 and 188 LDL apheresis procedures during 64 and 70 months, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individual procedures decreased total blood cholesterol levels by 63% to 68%. When the treatment interval was 7 days, the patients' time-averaged mean total cholesterol levels decreased to 7.3 +/- 0.65 mmol/L (280 +/- 25 mg/dl) and 6.4 +/- 0.55 mmol/L (247 +/- 22 mg/dl), respectively. Both children remained clinically well with normal growth and development. There was significant regression of xanthomas in both patients. The older patient required heart surgery for preexisting aortic stenosis and coronary ostial stenosis, but neither patient had progression of hypercholesterolemia-related cardiovascular disease. With the exception of iron (deficiency in patient 1), there was no evidence of depletion of serum components. Adverse reactions to LDL apheresis were rare and never severe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dextran sulfate-affinity column LDL apheresis is effective long-term treatment for children with receptor-negative HFH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9063, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zwiener
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uauy
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Petruska
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Huet
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007866:Leg; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood; D014973:Xanthomatosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014815:Vitamins; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol