title: Bidirectional shunt flow across a ventricular septal defect: pulsed Doppler echocardiographic analysis.
abstract: Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic and hemodynamic examinations were performed in 31 patients (mean age 17.8 years) with isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD). Three groups were studied: group I (n = 6) patients had severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease (PVOD); group II (n = 12) patients had pulmonary hypertension (PH) without severe PVOD; group III (n = 13) patients had no PH. Bidirectional shunting was detected in 9 VSD patients (6 in group I and 3 in group II). Patients with low to moderately elevated right ventricular pressures demonstrated left-to-right shunting across the defect throughout the cardiac cycle. When systolic pressure in the right ventricle reached approximately 60% of the left ventricular pressure, right-to-left shunting occurred across the defect during early and mid diastole. However, in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome (group I) the right-to-left shunting occurred during late systole with continuation during the early and mid diastolic period. The earlier occurrence of right-to-left shunting (index < 0.5 second) signifies the presence of severe PVOD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stojnić
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pavlović
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ponomarev
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aleksandrov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prcović
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004541:Eisenmenger Complex / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male