title: Model for the complex between protein G and an antibody Fc fragment in solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Streptococcal protein G and staphylococcal protein A are bacterial antibody-binding proteins, widely used as immunological tools, whose antibody-binding domains are structurally quite different. The binding of protein G to Fc fragments is competitive with respect to protein A, suggesting that the binding sites for protein A and protein G on Fc overlap, notwithstanding the fact that they lack sequence or structural similarity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To resolve this issue, the residues involved in the interaction between an IgG-binding domain of protein G (domain II) and the Fc fragment of mouse IgG2a have been identified by use of 13C and 15N NMR. Binding of protein G domain II selectively perturbed resonances from residues between the CH2 and CH3 domains of Fc, whereas in domain II the residues affected are primarily those on the alpha-helix and the third strand of the beta-sheet. This information was used, together with the structures of the two uncomplexed proteins, to construct a model of the complex, using Monte Carlo minimization techniques. In this model, the alpha-helix of protein G lies in the same position as helix 1 of protein A in the crystal structure of the protein A:Fc complex, but its orientation differs from the latter by 180 degrees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interactions of the bacterial antibody-binding proteins with their 'target' immunoglobulins involve a very versatile set of protein-protein interactions. First, the IgG-binding domains of protein A and protein G have quite different three-dimensional structures, but bind to sites on the Fc fragment that overlap extensively. Secondly, protein G employs two quite different regions of its surface to bind to the Fab and Fc regions of IgG.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Barsukov
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Derrick
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arata
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012996:Solutions; D013205:Staphylococcal Protein A / Q000737:chemistry; D013210:Staphylococcus; D013291:Streptococcus
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C034284:IgG Fc-binding protein, Streptococcus; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; D012996:Solutions; D013205:Staphylococcal Protein A