title: Culture and wet smear microscopy in the diagnosis of low-symptomatic vulvovaginal candidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical usefulness of culture and wet smear microscopy in low-symptomatic vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women attending for contraceptive advice were screened for vaginal yeast fungi by culture and wet smear microscopy. A positive culture was found in 130 (13.2%) of the 983 women studied, while a positive wet smear was found in 133 (13.9%). In 40 (30%) of these women both the culture and wet smear was positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methods were equally sensitive in predicting symptoms of VVC, such as pruritus, smarting and burning pain, as well as for dyspareunia (35% vs. 36%), but wet smear microscopy was more sensitive in predicting signs of VVC, such as erythema and abnormal discharge (52% vs. 34%). The highest sensitivity was reached when both methods were positive (60% for symptoms, 75% for signs). There was no quantitative correlation between number of Candida colonies on culture on the one hand and symptoms, signs or a positive wet smear on the other hand. Using four parameters as a diagnostic battery for VVC, the two methods complemented each other. The correlation between symptoms and/or signs for wet smear was high than for culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wet smear microscopy of vaginal secretion, along with signs found at examination, should be the first-line test in the diagnosis of VVC. Culture must, however, be used when there is a clinical suspicion of VVC and a negative wet smear, or when speciation or antibiotic susceptibility tests of isolates are required.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zdolsek
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hellberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fróman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mårdh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques / Q000592:standards; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears