Solid state phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance imaging of bone mineral.
Chemically selective solid state phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of the mineral phase of bone and synthetic calcium phosphate models for bone mineral is demonstrated with microscopy-scale (about 5 mm field of view) apparatus at 6.0 T magnetic field strength. Pixel-by-pixel linear combination of image data from multiple radio frequency (RF) pulse sequences, chosen to develop contrast between chemical constituents of interest in the mineral, generates derived images showing the distribution of individual constituents. The technique combines the noninvasive character of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the ability of solid state NMR spectroscopy to characterize subtle chemical variations in bone mineral, as well as to measure the amount of mineral. These methods are, in principle, extensible to larger dimensional scales suitable for live animal subjects or human limbs.
Moore
J R
JR
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA.
Garrido
L
L
Ackerman
J L
JL
D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002645:Chickens; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry*; D008961:Models, Structural; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D012272:Ribs / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D008903:Minerals; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate