In vivo human models for the study of anticholinergic drugs.
BACKGROUND
The parasympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the nasal response to external stimuli.


OBJECTIVE
To review studies showing the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the nasal response and the effect of topical, intranasal anticholinergic agents on that response.


METHODS
Literature review of in vivo human studies.


RESULTS
Nasal provocation with methacholine leads to glandular stimulation. The response to methacholine provocation can be blocked by treatment with ipratropium bromide. Stimulation of one nostril with histamine, antigen, and cold, dry air leads to a bilateral secretory response that is partially inhibited by topical treatment with atropine.


CONCLUSIONS
Topical anticholinergic agents should be useful in the reduction of glandular hypersecretion regardless of the etiology.
Naclerio
R M
RM
University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Baroody
F M
FM
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006632:Histamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008954:Models, Biological; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological
D000941:Antigens; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D006632:Histamine