title: Luteinized unruptured follicle: morphology, endocrine function and blood flow changes during the menstrual cycle.
abstract: A case of spontaneous luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome is presented with full documentation of hormonal, morphological and haemodynamic changes. Changes in uterine blood flow were also noted. Growth of the leading follicle was slow during the follicular phase of the cycle. After the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, growth of the follicle was more rapid. Concurrently, the follicle developed internal echogenicity with ultrasonic evidence of separation of the granulosa cell layer. The follicle was no longer visible 144 and 132 h after the LH rise and peak respectively. There was no primary progesterone rise associated with either the LH rise or peak, but a secondary progesterone rise occurred 42 h after the onset of the LH surge. Peri-follicular blood flow velocity was detected for the first time on cycle day 5 and appeared to rise after the onset of the LH surge. Peri-follicular blood flow velocity appeared to reduce after the LH surge to values associated with the follicular phase. These observations are consistent with an association of a primary granulosa cell defect with luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome which would account for the initial slow follicular growth, absent primary progesterone rise and reduction in blood flow in the wall of the follicle after the LH surge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jurkovic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone