title: An assessment of approximal bone height in the posterior segments of 15-16-year-old children using bitewing radiographs.
abstract: The alveolar bone height in a total of 713 15-16-year-old children consisting of 364 males and 349 females was assessed using posterior bitewing radiographs. The distance between the alveolar crest (AC) and amelo-cemental junction (ACJ) on all molar and premolar teeth was determined from magnified images of the radiographs. Analyses of variance models were fitted in order to assess the dependence of the overall ACJ to AC distance on the inter-subject variables of gender and social class and the intrasubject variables of site, missing adjacent tooth, condition of the approximal tooth surface, and for mesial surfaces, gingivitis and pocket depth. The overall geometric mean for bone height for the whole population was 0.542 mm. The ACJ to AC distance for the vast majority of sites was below 2 mm. Site had a highly significant effect on bone height (P < 0.001): ACJ to AC distances were greater in the maxilla compared to the mandible (P < 0.001), greater for distal sites compared to mesial (P < 0.001) and significantly affected by tooth type (P < 0.001). Sites with missing adjacent teeth also had significantly increased distances (P < 0.001). The condition of the approximal tooth surface and the presence of pocketing or gingivitis did not have a significant association with bone height. The geometric mean AC to ACJ distance, adjusted for subject, site and social class was 0.577 mm for males and 0.506 mm for females (P < 0.001), but the main effect of social class was not significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, U.K.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dummer
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kingdon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar; D015995:Prevalence; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology