title: Effects of the intermediate retinoid metabolite retinal on the pattern of the dental lamina in vitro.
abstract: Retinoids have important roles in pattern formation during embryonic development and might act as endogenous morphogens. They are necessary for normal odontogenesis and excess retinol alters the pattern of odontogenesis producing supernumerary buds of the dental lamina in the diastema region of the mouse mandible. Because the metabolism of retinoids in the developing mandible is unknown, the effects of retinal (an intermediate metabolite in the local conversion of retinol to retinoic acid) on the patterning of odontogenesis were examined. Retinal produces supernumerary buds and enhanced epithelial proliferation in day-9 mandibles in vitro. The endogenous levels of retinal in the mandible at the time of initiation of odontogenesis were also measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Retinal was detected only at day 10 and not at later stages of development. Local metabolism of this intermediate retinoid may be a rate-determining step in the production of active retinoid metabolites that may control the pattern of the dentition, which is established at the time of the appearance of the dental lamina at embryonic day 12.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kronmiller
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Beeman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwiecien
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rollins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D008334:Mandible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008940:Mitotic Index; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014083:Tooth Germ / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D014096:Tooth, Supernumerary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D012176:Retinoids; D012172:Retinaldehyde