title: Response of recent human immunodeficiency virus seroconverters to the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine.
abstract: Antibody responses in recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconverters to 2 vaccines were studied. Twenty patients infected with HIV for < 18 months and 15 HIV-seronegative controls were vaccinated with the 23-valent pure polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide diphtheria CRM197 protein toxoid conjugate vaccine in separate arms. Despite increased levels of total serum IgG, recent seroconverters and controls showed similar specific IgG responses for 6 of 7 antigens. Baseline levels were equivalent in both groups, as were peak levels of IgG at 1 month to conjugated polysaccharide (Hib), delayed-type hypersensitivity, and pneumococcal capsular serotypes 4, 6B, 12F, and 14. At 6 months, IgG levels were similar for 4 of 7 antigens. Antibody responses to pure pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides and to a protein recall antigen were most often similar among recent seroconverters and seronegative controls. Both total levels and fold-rises of IgG to the Hib conjugate were similar in the 2 groups. Immunization of HIV-infected patients soon after seroconversion rather than later appears to improve antibody responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Disease Division), Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Oldfield
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Janoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D014481:United States; D014611:Vaccination; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate; C061963:HibTITER protein, Haemophilus influenzae