Human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein: functional activity in COS-1 cells, tissue-specific expression, and mapping of the structural gene to 8p11.2 and a pseudogene to chromosome 13.
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) appears to mediate the rapid increase in pregnenolone synthesis stimulated by tropic hormones. cDNAs encoding StAR were isolated from a human adrenal cortex library. Human StAR, coexpressed in COS-1 cells with cytochrome P450scc and adrenodoxin, increased pregnenolone synthesis > 4-fold. A major StAR transcript of 1.6 kb and less abundant transcripts of 4.4 and 7.5 kb were detected in ovary and testis. Kidney had a lower amount of the 1.6-kb message. StAR mRNA was not detected in other tissues including placenta. Treatment of granulosa cells with 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate for 24 hr increased StAR mRNA 3-fold or more. The structural gene encoding StAR was mapped using somatic cell hybrid mapping panels to chromosome 8p. Fluorescence in situ hybridization placed the StAR locus in the region 8p11.2. A StAR pseudogene was mapped to chromosome 13. We conclude that StAR expression is restricted to tissues that carry out mitochondrial sterol oxidations subject to acute regulation by cAMP and that StAR mRNA levels are regulated by cAMP.
Sugawara
T
T
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Holt
J A
JA
Driscoll
D
D
Strauss
J F
JF
Lin
D
D
Miller
W L
WL
Patterson
D
D
Clancy
K P
KP
Hart
I M
IM
Clark
B J
BJ
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8; D006224:Cricetinae; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005796:Genes; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011544:Pseudogenes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein
D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein