title: Transcriptional regulation of tissue factor expression in human endothelial cells.
abstract: Tissue factor (TF) expression by endothelial cells is implicated in thrombotic episodes in patients with a variety of clinical disorders. In a baboon model of lethal sepsis, TF is expressed by endothelial cells in the splenic microvasculature. In vitro, endothelial cells are induced to express TF in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). Here, we identified cis-acting regulatory elements that control TF gene transcription in primary human endothelial cells. Functional studies showed that the TF promoter contained a 56-bp enhancer (-227 to -172 bp), which included two activator protein-1 (AP-1) sites and a kappa B-like site, that mediated induction by TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and LPS. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that endothelial cells contained constitutive AP-1 binding activity, whereas the kappa B-like site, 5'-CGGAGTTTCC-3', bound an inducible nuclear complex composed of c-Rel-p65 heterodimers. Taken together, our data suggest that induction of TF gene transcription in endothelial cells is mediated by functional interactions between Fos-Jun and c-Rel-p65 heterodimers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Calif. 92037, USA.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mackman
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000235:genetics; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D013925:Thromboplastin