title: A role for alanine in the ammonium regulation of cephalosporin biosynthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus.
abstract: It is known that excess ammonium supply decreases cephalosporin production and represses cephalosporin synthases. We wondered whether an additional important effect could be inhibition of synthase action by alanine. We had previously shown that ammonium addition induced alanine dehydrogenase and increased intracellular alanine and that alanine could inhibit resting cell synthesis of cephalosporins. In the present work we confirm the alanine inhibition of antibiotic production by resting cells. We found L-alanine inhibited three of the four synthases tested: ACV synthetase, cyclase and expandase; the epimerase was not inhibited. These data suggest that interference in cephalosporin production by growth in ammonium salts involves synthase inhibition by intracellular alanine, in addition to the known role of ammonium in synthase repression.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasarenini
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Demain
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008025:Ligases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002511:Cephalosporins; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D008025:Ligases; D000409:Alanine