title: Steady-state kinetics of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in patients treated with a combination of these drugs as compared with those treated with amitriptyline alone.
abstract: The steady-state kinetics of amitriptyline (AMI), fluoxetine (FLU), and their active metabolites nortriptyline (NTRIP) and norfluoxetine (NFLU) were studied in 15 patients treated once daily for long durations with 50 mg of AMI and 20 mg of FLU. These compounds were analyzed simultaneously in plasma by liquid chromatography. The means and (SEM) of the steady-state concentrations (Css) of AMI, NTRIP, FLU, and NFLU were 80.6 (14.2), 52.6 (10.3), 85.3 (16.1), and 90 (13.6) ng/mL, respectively, and the apparent oral clearances (CLor) of AMI and FLU were 42.4 (8.6) and 14.9 (2.5) L/hr, respectively. The metabolite/drug steady-state concentration ratio (Css(m)/Css) for NTRIP/AMI was 0.75 (0.14) and for NFLU/FLU was 1.27 (0.17). There was a significant correlation (P < 0.05) between Css of FLU and that of AMI or NTRIP. The Css and Css(m)/Css values obtained for AMI were higher (P < 0.056 and P < 0.0034, respectively) than those we observed in 10 patients treated solely with the same dose of AMI. The twofold increase in Css of AMI and ninefold increase in Css of NTRIP seem to be the result of inhibition of the metabolism of these compounds by FLU, particularly the ring hydroxylation. Norfluoxetine may have a small inhibitory influence on the metabolism of NTRIP but lacks this effect on the metabolism of AMI.
authors.affiliation: Biological and Medical Research Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: el-Yazigi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaleby
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gad
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Raines
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009661:Nortriptyline / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D000639:Amitriptyline; D009661:Nortriptyline; C036139:norfluoxetine