title: Metabolism of short-chain ceramide and dihydroceramide analogues in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.
abstract: A series of radiolabelled ceramides (D-erythro and L-threo) and dihydroceramides (DL-erythro and DL-threo) with 2, 4 or 6 carbon N-acyl groups were synthesized. These analogues were incubated with cultured CHO cells and radioactive products isolated and analyzed. In addition to synthesis of short-chain sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide, radiolabelled sphingosine and sphinganine were released from short-chain ceramides and dihydroceramides and subsequently utilized for synthesis of long-chain ceramide and sphingolipids. Substrate preference for short-chain sphingomyelin synthesis in cells was D-erythro-ceramides > L-threo-ceramides > DL-erythro-dihydroceramides > DL-threo-dihydroceramides, and C4- and C6-analogues were preferred over the C2-analogue. Kinetic constants for conversion of short-chain (dihydro)ceramides to short-chain sphingomyelin were determined using CHO cell membranes and found to correlate with substrate preference in cultured cells. D-erythro-C6-Ceramide was the preferred substrate for short-chain glucosylceramide synthesis. D-erythro-C2-ceramide inhibited incorporation of [3H]serine into sphingomyelin, glucosylceramide and ceramide rapidly (2 h) and in a dose-dependent manner. Over a similar time period, [3H]choline-labelling of sphingomyelin was not affected. Inhibition of [3H]serine-labelling of sphingolipids appeared to correlate with release of [3H]long-chain bases from short-chain ceramides and dihydroceramides and synthesis of long-chain sphingolipids. However, some discrepancies between DL-erythro-C4- and C6-dihydroceramides, and D-erythro-C2-ceramide suggested that short-chain dihydroceramides were less efficient in suppressing de novo synthesis from [3H]serine, while contributing substantially to endogenous sphingolipid synthesis. Inhibition of de novo sphingolipid synthesis by short-chain ceramides and dihydroceramides could not be related to inhibition of serine palmitoyltransferase activity in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ridgway
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Merriam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism*; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D005963:Glucosylceramides / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000378:metabolism; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D005963:Glucosylceramides; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D014316:Tritium; D012694:Serine; D002794:Choline; D013110:Sphingosine; C005682:safingol