title: Mechanical strain-enhanced fetal lung cell proliferation is mediated by phospholipase C and D and protein kinase C.
abstract: The signaling pathways by which intermittent strain (60 cycles/min, 15 min/h) regulates proliferation of mixed fetal rat lung cell in vitro have been investigated. Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) content and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity were not affected by strain. The stimulatory effect of strain on DNA synthesis was also not influenced by the cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitors H-8 or HA-1004, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ-22536, or a PKA inhibitor and cAMP antagonist, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (Rp-cAMPS). In contrast, intracellular concentrations of two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), were dramatically increased after a short period of strain. This increase in second messengers was accompanied by an increased tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1. Phospholipase D activity was also increased by strain. Mechanical strain elicited a shift in the subcellular distribution of PKC activity from cytosol to membranes shortly after the onset of strain. The specific activity of PKC in the membranes increased 6- to 10-fold within 5-15 min and remained increased throughout a 48-h period of intermittent strain. Strain-induced PKC activation and DNA synthesis were blocked by the PKC inhibitors H-7, staurosporine, and calphostin C, as well as by the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73,122. We conclude that mechanical strain of mixed fetal rat lung cells activates phospholipid turnover via phospholipases, followed by PKC activation, which then triggers the downstream events that lead to cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Group in Lung Development, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kraw
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tanswell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Post
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology*; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000502:physiology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D010739:Phospholipase D