title: Continuities between psychiatric disorders in adolescents and personality disorders in young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Personality disorders are a major mental health problem, but little information about their etiology and natural history is available. This study examined continuities between axis I disorders in adolescents and personality disorders in young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors interviewed 145 young adults (mean age, 19.6 years) who had been diagnosed with a variety of DSM-III emotional and disruptive disorders during adolescence (mean age, 13.7 years). The Personality Disorder Examination was used to establish whether the subjects currently suffered from personality disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects who had had disruptive disorders during adolescence showed high rates of all types of personality disorders (40% had a personality disorder at follow-up), while subjects who had had emotional disorders had a lower rate of personality disorders (12%). Men were more likely to have cluster A personality disorders, and women were more likely to have cluster C personality disorders. Disruptive diagnoses were associated with cluster B personality disorders, but emotional disorders did not show an association with cluster C personality disorders. Oppositional disorder did not increase the likelihood of passive-aggressive personality disorder. There was an association between attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and borderline personality disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of personality disorders was lower among young adults who had had emotional disorders during adolescence than among those who had had disruptive disorders, suggesting either that treatment for emotional disorders is more effective or that the personality psychopathology in these adolescents is not as severe as that in adolescents with disruptive disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morris-Yates
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors