title: Multiple patterns of MDM-2 deregulation in human leukemias: implications in leukemogenesis and prognosis.
abstract: The human analogue of the mouse double minute-2 (MDM-2) protein binds to p53 protein and abrogates its tumor-suppressing activity. MDM-2 overexpression may represent an alternative mechanism to p53 mutation for escaping the p53-mediated growth control. Interestingly, multiple MDM-2 protein isoforms have been described and the possibility of functional differences between various isoforms has been raised. Previously, we demonstrated significant MDM-2 mRNA overexpression in human leukemias and suggested that MDM-2 overexpression may be a marker of aggressiveness of the disease. Polyclonal antibodies (Ab) have been generated to detect various isoforms of the MDM-2 protein. Using these Abs, we confirmed MDM-2 protein overexpression in leukemias. Furthermore, we observed heterogeneity in the isoforms expressed in various types of leukemias. In addition, we demonstrated that analysis by flow cytometry could be used as a diagnostic tool for detecting altered MDM-2 protein expression in leukemias. Here we review and expand our initial observations and confirm MDM-2 mRNA and protein overexpression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), flow cytometry, and western blot analyses. Understanding the possible role of MDM-2 oncogene expression in leukemias may establish the scientific basis for new therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Hematopathology Program, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030-4095, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bueso-Ramos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manshouri
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Haidar
authors.forename: Y O
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albitar
mesh_terms: D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2