title: California pediatricians' knowledge of and response to recommendations for universal infant hepatitis B immunization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess California pediatricians' level of agreement with and implementation of universal infant hepatitis B immunization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mailed questionnaire in the summer and fall of 1993 to a random sample of 1030 California pediatricians to determine whether they universally immunize infants with hepatitis B vaccine. The response rate was 71%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 81% said they universally immunize infants against hepatitis B infection; however, 18.3% stated that they do not. Pediatricians were more likely to immunize infants universally against hepatitis B if they (1) agreed with the recommendations (90% vs 54%, P < .01), (2) practiced in a health maintenance organization setting vs private group practice (92% vs 79%, P < .05), or (3) practiced in settings with predominantly low-income patients (89% vs 78%, P = .01). Pediatricians who universally immunize infants against hepatitis B virus were in practice an average of 1.7 years longer than those who do not (13.3 years vs 11.6 years, P = .01). In multivariate analyses, the most powerful predictor of universal immunization was agreement with the recommendations. Among those who disagreed with the recommendations, the most common reasons for disagreement included the following: (1) the long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine is not proved--54%; (2) an additional immunization would make the visits too costly--53%; and (3) three shots would be too much at one visit--53%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A majority (81.6%) of our sample of California pediatricians universally immunize infants against hepatitis B; however, a significant minority (18.4%) do not agree with the recommendations and do not plan to implement them. Many of their objections are being addressed through combination vaccine development and ongoing research; however, alternative policies and additional research should also be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif., USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scarlata
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D003625:Data Collection; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010372:Pediatrics
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines