title: Direct imaging of molecular transport through skin.
abstract: Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to image spatial variations in the molecular flux of Fe(CN)6(-4) across excised hairless and nude mouse skin. The SECM response is specific to electroactive molecules, allowing selective imaging of the flux of Fe(CN)6(-4) in multicomponent ionic solutions. Quantitative SECM image analysis demonstrated that 40% to 60% of the total Fe(CN)6(-4) flux occurred through appendages in the skin. SECM analysis of skin samples exposed to a known transport enhancer, sodium dodecylsulfate, indicated that the increase in the ion transport rate occurred exclusively in nonporous skin tissue.
authors.affiliation: Medtronic, Inc., Brooklyn Center, Minnesota.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Phipps
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation; D005295:Ferrocyanides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005295:Ferrocyanides; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate