title: MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies in nonhuman primates suggest that high levels of cortisol associated with stress have neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus, a brain structure involved in memory. The authors previously showed that patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had deficits in short-term memory. The purpose of this study was to compare the hippocampal volume of patients with PTSD to that of subjects without psychiatric disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the volume of the hippocampus in 26 Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD and 22 comparison subjects selected to be similar to the patients in age, sex, race, years of education, socioeconomic status, body size, and years of alcohol abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PTSD patients had a statistically significant 8% smaller right hippocampal volume relative to that of the comparison subjects, but there was no difference in the volume of other brain regions (caudate and temporal lobe). Deficits in short-term verbal memory as measured with the Wechsler Memory Scale were associated with smaller right hippocampal volume in the PTSD patients only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with a smaller right hippocampal volume in PTSD that is associated with functional deficits in verbal memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bremner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bronen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Seibyl
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Southwick
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Charney
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Innis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D012923:Social Class; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014888:Wechsler Scales