title: Improved regional cerebral blood flow in chronic cocaine polydrug users treated with buprenorphine.
abstract: Chronic cocaine and polydrug abuse have been associated with regional abnormalities in cerebral perfusion. The authors have previously demonstrated that these abnormalities are partially reversible after drug addiction treatment with buprenorphine. This study was designed to separate the effect on cerebral perfusion of abstinence from drug use from that of buprenorphine directly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen cocaine- and heroin-dependent men were studied with 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) brain SPECT. The men, all part of an inpatient drug abuse treatment research program, were randomly assigned after detoxification to receive placebo or either 6 or 12 mg daily buprenorphine treatment. SPECT studies were performed at baseline, after maximum dosage was reached and after tapering off the study drug. Studies were compared visually with regard to the number and location of perfusion defects by reviewers blinded to treatment assignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects receiving buprenorphine had a significant reduction in the number of defects per study between baseline and maximum buprenorphine dose as compared with those receiving placebo (decrease of 4 +/- 5.4 versus increase of 4.8 +/- 4.7, p = 0.006). These differences were dose-related. Improvement with buprenorphine was temporary, with return to baseline after tapering off.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Buprenorphine treatment, and not abstinence from drug use alone, leads to improvement in regional cerebral perfusion abnormalities in chronic cocaine- and heroin-dependent men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mendelson
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Teoh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garada
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003042:Cocaine; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D002047:Buprenorphine; D003042:Cocaine