title: Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver treated with chemotherapy: CT imaging in four patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma after chemotherapy and to correlate the CT imaging findings with pathologic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten CT images obtained before and after chemotherapy in four patients with hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with pathologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After chemotherapy, tumor volume decreased by 50-90% and initially nonresectable tumor or gross residual tumor was successfully excised in three patients. In all patients, enhancing peripheral solid portions and septations changed to low-attenuation areas, and in three patients increased or de novo calcifications were found at the periphery of the tumor. Resected pathologic specimen after chemotherapy showed well-encapsulated masses with central necrosis, fibrosis, and dystrophic calcifications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These CT findings will be useful in monitoring the treatment response of hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma during chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007483:Iothalamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007483:Iothalamic Acid; C002587:ioxitalamic acid