title: An inactivated vaccine based on a glycoprotein E-negative strain of bovine herpesvirus 1 induces protective immunity and allows serological differentiation.
abstract: The bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) strain Za is a conventionally attenuated strain with a 2.7 kb deletion that encompasses the complete coding region for glycoprotein E (gE). This gE-negative strain was used as whole-virus antigen in an inactivated virus vaccine. Three different antigen concentrations of this vaccine were evaluated for safety and efficacy in a vaccination-challenge experiment in calves. No adverse effects were observed in any of the calves vaccinated with the gE-negative vaccines. Calves given the vaccine with the highest antigen concentration were adequately protected against challenge; clinical symptoms were virtually absent and challenge virus shedding was significantly reduced as compared with unvaccinated calves. We developed a sensitive blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against gE. After vaccination, calves did not produce antibodies against gE, but these antibodies were detectable within 2 weeks after challenge both in vaccinated and in unvaccinated calves. These results demonstrate the efficacy of a gE-negative inactivated BHV1 vaccine and the detectability of antibodies against gE after infection. The combined use of the marker vaccine and the gE-blocking ELISA makes it possible to differentiate between vaccinated animals and infected animals. This possibility may be very useful in BHV1 control programmes.
authors.affiliation: Open Department Virology, Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kaashoek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moerman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madić
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weerdmeester
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maris-Veldhuis
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rijsewijk
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: van Oirschot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C046998:bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoproteins