title: Serum response element associated transcription factors in mouse embryos: serum response factor, YY1, and PEA3 factor.
abstract: Many mammalian transcription factors, including human and mouse serum response factors (SRFs), are post-translationally modified with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharides on multiple serine and/or threonine residues. Nuclear extracts were prepared from 9.5 to 19 days postcoitum mouse embryos and subsequently were fractionated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-agarose affinity chromatography. SRF binds WGA-agarose and apparently is O-glycosylated. On the other hand, the low molecular weight serum response element (SRE)-binding proteins, including the previously named band I and band II factors, did not bind WGA-agarose. Furthermore, we showed that the fastest migrating complex contains the Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) factor. YY1 binds to the c-fos SRE and skeletal alpha-actin muscle regulatory element (MRE), but not the cardiac alpha-actin MRE. Nuclear extracts from NIH/3T3 fibroblasts contain similar, if not identical, SRE-binding complexes. Besides these SRE-binding factors, mouse PEA3-binding factor, presumably an ETS domain-containing protein, was found to bind SRF protein. This physical interaction, between SRF and ETS domain proteins, was shown to involve the DNA-binding domain-containing region of SRF and not the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, NanKang, Taipei, Republic of China.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D005260:Female; D016762:Genes, fos; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor; C494698:YY1 protein, human; C494699:Yy1 protein, mouse; C065788:transcription factor PEA3; D004247:DNA