title: Flumazenil in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in children with fulminant liver failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of flumazenil on hepatic encephalopathy complicating fulminant liver failure in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uncontrolled prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  9 children with fulminant liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy awaiting emergency liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in hepatic encephalopathy grade and in electroencephalogram were recorded during the injection of a bolus of flumazenil (0.01 mg/kg/i.v. bolus) followed by a continuous infusion of flumazenil (0.01 mg/kg/h).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before flumazenil, 7 children had grade 2 and 2 had grade 3 hepatic encephalopathy. Flumazenile injection mediated an arousal effect in 1 child in whom encephalopathy improved from grade 3 to grade 2. This effect lasted 30 min. No clinical response was observed in other children. An improvement of EEG anomalies was observed lasting 3 min in one child. Despite continuous infusion of flumazenil, encephalopathy worsened in all children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of intravenous administration of flumazenil on hepatic encephalopathy in children with fulminant liver failure is inconsistent. Its efficacy is transient. The therapeutic value of flumazenil in children with fulminant liver failure awaiting a liver graft is minimal at this dosage.
authors.affiliation: Départment de Pédiatrie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Devictor
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tahiri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lanchier
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Navelet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rousset
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005442:Flumazenil