title: The role of nitric oxide in lipoxin A4-induced polymorphonuclear neutrophil-dependent cytotoxicity to human vascular endothelium in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the mechanism for the cytotoxicity of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by the 5- and 15-lipoxygenase product of arachidonate, lipoxin A4 (LXA4), and the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  HUVEC were grown to confluence and labeled with 51Cr. PMN and stimuli were added, and the release of 51Cr into supernatants was assessed after 4 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both LXA4 and PMA conferred highly significant PMN-dependent cytolysis. The cytotoxicity activated by LXA4 was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) and by nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, specific inhibitors of the nitric oxide (NO)-producing enzyme NO synthase. Also, the scavenger of extracellular NO, oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), prevented LXA4-induced cytolysis in a dose-dependent manner. In sharp contrast, L-NMA did not significantly affect the cytolysis induced by PMA, whereas HbO2 showed a modest inhibitory action. In experiments without PMN, addition of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine to HUVEC induced marked cytolysis, which was inhibited by HbO2, but not by L-NMA. Addition of L-arginine or arginine analogs did not affect superoxide anion production in a cell-free hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Both LXA4 and PMA induced the production of superoxide anion from PMN and of NO from HUVEC:
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NO produced by HUVEC, interacting with PMN which produce superoxide anions, is of marked significance for the endothelial cell damage in this in vitro model of vasculitis. This is probably due to the subsequent formation, via a radical-radical interaction between NO and .O2-, of cytotoxic products, such as peroxynitrite and its metabolites. Furthermore, although LXA4 and PMA induced comparable cytolysis at optimal concentrations, the relative importance of NO compared with other mechanisms mediating cytotoxicity was stimulus dependent, and NO was relatively more important for LXA4-induced PMN-dependent endothelial injury.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Söder Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bratt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gyllenhammar
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044045:Lipoxins; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D044045:Lipoxins; C040527:lipoxin A4; D013481:Superoxides; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate