title: Modulation by interleukin-4 of cytokine release from mononuclear phagocytes in asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-4 is involved in IgE upregulation and downregulates cytokine release by mononuclear phagocytes. Mononuclear cells release greater amounts of IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6 in patients with asthma than in control subjects, but the effect of IL-4 on cells from patients with asthma is unknown. The effects of IL-4 on the release of IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6 by monocytes and alveolar macrophages were compared in 19 patients with asthma and 18 control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The release of IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6 from unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide stimulated monocytes and alveolar macrophages was measured by ELISA. The effect of 30 U of IL-4 on the release of these cytokines was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes released significantly fewer cytokines in patients with asthma than in control subjects. IL-4 significantly inhibited cytokine release by monocytes of both groups. Unstimulated alveolar macrophages from patients with asthma released more cytokines than those of control subjects. Lipopolysaccharide induced a significantly greater increase in cytokine release in alveolar macrophages of control subjects in comparison with asthmatic subjects. IL-4 abolished the release of cytokines in alveolar macrophages from control subjects and had a minimal inhibitory effect on alveolar macrophages from patients with asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alveolar macrophages from patients with asthma are hyperreactive but less prone to lipopolysaccharide stimulation and IL-4-downregulation than those from normal subjects.
authors.affiliation: Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU de Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chanez
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vignola
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paul-Eugène
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dugas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Godard
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bousquet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4