title: Ophthalmic manifestations of vertebral artery dissection. Patients seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1976 to 1992.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ophthalmic manifestations of vertebral artery dissections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one separate episodes of vertebral artery dissections evaluated at the Mayo Clinic from 1976 through 1992 were studied. In all cases, the diagnosis had been documented with angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 28 men and 19 women (mean and median age, 39 and 40 years, respectively; range, 8-61 years). There were ophthalmic findings in 86% of the episodes. Visual symptoms, in decreasing order of frequency, were diplopia (45% of the episodes), blurred vision (14%), transient visual dimming (8%), oscillopsia (4%), photophobia (4%), upside-down vision (2%), positional transient visual obscuration (2%), and unilateral dry eye (2%). Ophthalmic signs in decreasing order of frequency were nystagmus (37% of the episodes), ocular misalignment (cranial nerve palsy or skew) (33%), Horner syndrome (27%), decreased corneal sensation (22%), ptosis (16%), visual field defect (10%), abnormal pursuits and saccades (6%), ocular bobbing (4%), internuclear ophthalmoplegia (4%), anisocoria (4%), and pinpoint pupils (2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertebral artery dissections occur in a relatively young population. Most of the patients in our study had ophthalmic manifestations at the time of diagnosis. Heightened awareness of this entity should enable the consulting ophthalmologist to have a role in the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral artery dissection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mokri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants