title: Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Postoperative radiotherapy does not improve survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this analysis were to determine prospectively the effects of surgical resection and radiation therapy on the length and quality of survival as well as late toxicity in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Retrospective analyses have suggested that adjuvant radiation therapy improves survival in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. However, in these reports, patients receiving radiotherapy tended to have smaller, often resectable tumors, and were relatively fit. In comparison, patients who have not received radiotherapy often had unresectable tumors, metastatic disease, or poor performance status.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1988 through 1993, surgically staged patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and 1) no evidence of metastatic disease, 2) Karnofsky score > 60, 3) no prior malignancy or radiotherapy, and 4) a patent main portal vein were analyzed. Fifty patients were stratified by resection (n = 31) versus operative palliation (n = 19) and by radiation (n = 23) versus no radiotherapy (n = 27).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients undergoing resection had smaller tumors (1.9 +/- 2.8 vs. 2.4 +/- 2.1 cm, p < 0.01) that were less likely to invade the hepatic artery (3% vs. 42%, p < 0.05) or portal vein (6% vs. 53%, p < 0.05). Multiple parameters that might have affected outcome were similar between patients who did and did not receive radiation therapy. Resection improved the length (24.2 +/- 2.5 vs. 11.3 +/- 1.0 months, p < 0.05) and quality of survival. Radiation had no effect on the length (18.4 +/- 2.9 vs. 20.1 +/- 2.4 months) or quality of survival or on late toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis suggests that in patients with localized perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, resection prolongs survival whereas radiation has no effect on either survival or late toxicity. Thus, new agents or strategies to deliver adjuvant therapy are needed to improve survival in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakeeb
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piantadosi
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lillemore
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D015996:Survival Rate