title: Increased anti-influenza A virus cytotoxic T cell activity following vaccination of the chronically ill elderly with live attenuated or inactivated influenza virus vaccine.
abstract: The possible enhancement of anti-influenza A virus memory cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses to inactivated influenza virus vaccine by coadministration of intranasal live attenuated influenza A virus vaccine was investigated. Fifty elderly nursing home residents received inactivated trivalent influenza virus vaccine intramuscularly and simultaneously were randomly assigned to receive either bivalent live attenuated influenza A virus vaccine or saline placebo intranasally in a blinded fashion. A larger proportion of volunteers who received live attenuated virus vaccine than of those who received placebo experienced a postvaccination rise in anti-influenza A virus CTL activity (15 of 23 vs. 8 of 24; P < .05). Anti-influenza A virus cytotoxicity was primarily mediated by CD8+ T cells and was influenza A virus-specific and HLA-restricted. There was a possible advantage of administering live attenuated with inactivated virus vaccine because of enhanced memory anti-influenza A virus CTL activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St. Louis VA Medical Center, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gorse
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic