title: Glycine site NMDA receptor antagonists provide protection against ischemia-induced neuronal damage in hippocampal slice cultures.
abstract: Ischemia-induced neuronal injury can be reduced by glutamate antagonists acting at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. 7-Chlorokynurenic acid and the recently synthesized compound Acea 1021 block NMDA receptors by acting at the strychnine-insensitive glycine site. The anti-ischemic properties of these compounds were tested by evaluating their ability to reduce CA1 neuronal damage in hippocampal slice cultures deprived of oxygen and glucose. Acea 1021 and 7-chlorokynurenic acid significantly reduced CA1 injury produced by oxygen and glucose deprivation in a dose-dependent manner. The neuroprotective effect of these compounds was reversed by the addition of glycine. The phencyclidine site NMDA antagonist MK-801 also provided significant protection to CA1 neurons against the same insult, and this protection was not affected by the addition of glycine. These results indicate that Acea 1021 and 7-chlorokynurenic acid can provide protection to CA1 neurons against ischemia-induced injury by a glycine-sensitive mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Malouf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D005998:Glycine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018684:Glycine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D007736:Kynurenic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018009:Receptors, Glycine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018684:Glycine Agents; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018009:Receptors, Glycine; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C092062:licostinel; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D007736:Kynurenic Acid; C057013:7-chlorokynurenic acid; D005998:Glycine