title: Specificity and formation of unusual amino acids of an amide ligation strategy for unprotected peptides.
abstract: An important step in the recently developed ligation strategy known as domain ligation strategy to link unprotected peptide segments without activation is the ring formation between the C-terminal ester aldehyde and the N-terminal amino acid bearing a beta-thiol or beta-hydroxide. A new method was developed to define the specificity of this reaction using a dye-labeled alanyl ester aldehyde to react with libraries of 400 dipeptides which contained all dipeptide combinations of the 20 genetically coded amino acids. Three different ester aldehydes of the dye-labeled alanine: alpha-formylmethyl (FM), beta-formylethyl (FE), and beta,beta,beta-dimethyl and formylethyl esters (DFE), were examined. The DFE ester was overly hindered and reacted with N-terminal Cys dipeptides (Cys-X). Interestingly, it also reacted slowly with the sequences of X-Gly where Gly was the second amino acid and the X-Gly amide bond participated in the ring formation. Although the FE ester reacted similarly as the FM ester in the ring formation, the subsequent O,N-acyl transfer was at least 30-fold slower than those of the FM-ester. The FM alpha-formyl methyl ester was the most suitable ester and was reactive with dipeptides of six N-terminal amino acids: Cys, Thr, Trp, Ser, His and Asn. The order and extent of their reactivity were highly dependent on pH, solvent and neighboring participation by the adjacent amino acid. In general, they could be divided into three categories. (1) N-Terminal Cys and Thr were the most reactive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D001391:Azo Compounds; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000596:Amino Acids; D001391:Azo Compounds; D010455:Peptides; C008492:methyl red