title: Automating the sleep laboratory: implementation and validation of digital recording and analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on the implementation of digital processing in a large clinical and research sleep laboratory. The system includes the digital collection, display, analysis, and repository of physiological signals collected during sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  After describing the original analog system, the computer equipment and software necessary for the digital implementation are presented and we explain our algorithms for rapid eye movement (REM) and delta-wave detection. Finally, we describe an experiment validating the digital system of display and analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The digital processing of sleep signals saves computer operator, polysomnographic technologist, and computer time. It also saves resources such as polysomnographic paper and FM tape. The digital signals lend themselves to a large array of analysis techniques and result in improved signal quality. Automated REM and delta-wave detection via digital processing correlate highly with visual counts of rapid eye movements and delta waves.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Detka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kesicki
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Monahan
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buysse
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Coble
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matzzie
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001331:Automation; D002909:Chronobiology Phenomena; D003625:Data Collection; D003626:Data Display; D003700:Delta Rhythm; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D012986:Software Validation