title: Combined antenatal vitamin K and phenobarbital therapy for preventing intracranial hemorrhage in newborns less than 34 weeks' gestation.
abstract: ōk--q----_xD-xD whether maternal antenatal therapy with vitamin K and phenobarbital prevents intracranial hemorrhage in premature newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women at high risk for spontaneous or indicated premature delivery before 34 weeks' gestation were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or vitamin K and phenobarbital. All patients received betamethasone and antibiotics and were managed uniformly by a single perinatal group in one hospital. All newborns were managed uniformly in the same nursery by one neonatal group. Two independent interpretations of neonatal head ultrasound examinations were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of gestation at study entry and at delivery were similar in the placebo (181 mothers) and treatment (191) groups. With the hospital radiology group (the primary interpreter), the incidence rates of severe intracranial hemorrhage (8 versus 7%) and mild intracranial hemorrhage (38 versus 32%) were similar for both groups. With the secondary interpreter (a single pediatric radiologist), the incidence rates of severe intracranial hemorrhage (9 versus 7%) and mild intracranial hemorrhage (27 versus 26%) were also similar. Neonatal mortality was equivalent in both the placebo and treatment groups (8 versus 10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined antenatal therapy with vitamin K and phenobarbital does not reduce the frequency or severity of intracranial hemorrhage in premature newborns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thorp
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferrette-Smith
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gaston
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Yeast
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014812:Vitamin K; D010634:Phenobarbital