title: Energy metabolism of spermatozoa of the sand dollar Clypeaster japonicus: the endogenous substrate and ultrastructural correlates.
abstract: Energy metabolism in spermatozoa of the sand dollar-sea urchin Clypeaster japonicus was examined. The spermatozoa contained triglyceride and cholesterol ester besides several kinds of phospholipids and cholesterol. Glycogen and glucose were present at extremely low levels. Following incubation of spermatozoa in seawater, the triglyceride content decreased rapidly. Other lipids, however, remained at constant levels. High lipase activity was demonstrated in the spermatozoa. Also, [1-14C]oleic acid was oxidized to 14CO2. Ultrastructural study showed that lipid globules were present at the bottom of the midpiece. After incubation in seawater, morphological changes in the lipid globules were observed and vacuoles of various sizes appeared near the lipid globules. Thus, it is concluded that C. japonicus spermatozoa obtain energy through oxidation of fatty acid from triglyceride stored in the lipid globules at the midpieces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Tokyo.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yasumasu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012623:Seawater; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D008049:Lipase