title: Predictive value of tetrapolar body impedance measurements for hydration status in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design and evaluate a simple and rapid method to predict body hydration status in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, consecutive sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical intensive care unit of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  31 consecutive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were classified daily for hydration status by the attending physician based on clinical impression, weight changes and laboratory measurements. The hydration status was scored as 'dehydrated', 'euvolemic' or 'edematous'. The total body impedance was measured daily by a tetrapolar impedance technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resistances > 700 omega were found in dehydrated subjects and resistances of < 400 omega in edematous patients. Weight gain was observed in dehydrated and weight loss in edematous patients. A discriminant analysis was used to create a predictive model for hydration using the daily impedance and weight measurements. If a cutoff point of 60% for the predicted classification was used to categorize the patient's hydration as dehydrated, euvolemic and edematous, no false positive predictions were observed for the dehydrated or the edematous state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impedance measurements are in close agreement with the clinical impression of hydration of critically ill patients. Future investigations must elucidate the clinical importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Westendorp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Souverijn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frölich
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Meinders
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D016638:Critical Illness; D003681:Dehydration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve