title: Growth of the 2f1-f2 distortion product otoacoustic emission for low-level stimuli in human neonates.
abstract: Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) for low stimulus levels (< 60 dB SPL) have been reported in adult humans under ideal conditions. In neonates, DPOAEs have been reported only for high-level stimuli. The purpose of this paper was to determine characteristics of the 2f1-f2 DPOAE for low-level stimuli in neonates and to assess the feasibility of obtaining such measures in a noisy environment. Subjects were 19 premature neonates presumed to have normal hearing based on systematic pneumatic otoscopy measures and evoked auditory brainstem responses. For stimuli centered at 2000 and 6000 Hz and presented over a range of 30 to 75 dB SPL, DPOAEs were measured employing linear time averaging for up to 128 time frames at each level. In quiescent subjects, the level of the noise floor was as low as that reported in cooperative adults under ideal conditions (approximately -30 dB SPL), and the functions were identical. That is, valid measures were obtained for very low stimulus levels (30 dB SPL), the rate of growth approached 1 dB/dB, and identical nonmonotonicities (saturation, plateaus, and notches) were observed as those reported for adults. When the noise floor was elevated due to subject activity, no valid data could be obtained for low-level stimuli even though the DPOAEs were at expected levels for high-level stimuli. These results have important implications for the use of such measures in this population because the DPOAEs associated with the metabolically active nonlinear cochlear processes at low stimulus levels may be contaminated with DPOAEs associated with other processes at high stimulus levels.
authors.affiliation: Central Institute for the Deaf, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Popelka
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Karzon
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Arjmand
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D001307:Auditory Perception; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009622:Noise; D010469:Perceptual Distortion