title: Bone mass and metabolism in patients with celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several aspects of the pathogenesis of osteopenia in celiac disease are still unclear. Therefore, bone mass and metabolism were evaluated in adults with celiac disease in a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone mineral density (BMD), assessed by total body dual-photon absorptiometry, and serum indices of bone metabolism and remodeling were evaluated in 17 patients with untreated celiac disease, 14 with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet, and 24 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMD, expressed as a z score, was significantly lower in patients with untreated celiac disease than in patients with treated celiac disease and volunteers and lower in patients with treated celiac disease than in volunteers. Similar changes were observed in serum calcium level, whereas intact parathyroid hormone level was significantly higher in untreated than in treated patients with celiac disease and volunteers, and no difference was found between the latter two groups. 25-Vitamin D level was significantly lower and 1,25-vitamin D level significantly higher in untreated celiac disease than in treated celiac disease and volunteers. Indices of bone remodeling were significantly higher in untreated than in treated patients and volunteers and significantly and positively correlated with iPTH in untreated patients with celiac disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMD is almost invariably low in patients with untreated celiac disease. Results in treated patients suggest that gluten-free diet improves but does not normalize BMD. Untreated celiac disease is characterized by high levels of 1,25-vitamin D and by increased bone turnover, caused by the increase in intact parathyroid hormone level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Corazza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Sario
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cecchetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tarozzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corrao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000097:blood; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002117:Calcitriol; D002112:Calcifediol; D002118:Calcium