title: The emerging diversity of the electrophoretic types of Vibrio cholerae in the Western Hemisphere.
abstract: Since the Latin American cholera epidemic began in 1991, 447 isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 from the Western Hemisphere have been assayed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) to determine allelic variation among 16 enzyme-encoding genes. Two electrophoretic types (ETs) were identified among toxigenic isolates from Latin America: 323 were ET 4, the ET associated with the Latin American epidemic, and 29 were ET 3. Twenty-three of these ET 3 isolates had a distinctive antimicrobial resistance pattern also seen in isolates imported into the United States from Latin America and Southeast Asia. These resistant isolates had an identical ribotype and nearly identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Most nontoxigenic isolates analyzed were not precursors or descendants of toxigenic epidemic strains. MEE provided a population genetic frame-work for the interpretation of PFGE and ribotype data from the isolates in this study. All three methods identified 2 distinct strains of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 currently epidemic in Latin America.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Evins
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giono-Cerezo
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Wachsmuth
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Tauxe
mesh_terms: D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012623:Seawater; D014481:United States; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004798:Enzymes