title: Elevated serum levels of 3-deoxyglucosone, a potent protein-cross-linking intermediate of the Maillard reaction, in uremic patients.
abstract: 3-Deoxyglucosone (3-DG) has been identified as an intermediate of the Maillard reaction in vitro. We measured serum 3-DG levels using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and found a marked elevation in serum 3-DG levels in uremic patients compared with healthy subjects. The uremic patients with diabetes showed significantly higher serum concentrations of 3-DG than those without diabetes. 3-DG was demonstrated to be a potent protein-cross-linking agent in the reaction with lysozyme, leading to browning, fluorescence formation and polymerization of the protein by formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). The increase in serum 3-DG levels in the uremic patients suggests that 3-DG may be responsible for the development of uremic complications by promoting the formation of AGE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Branch Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tatematsu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D009113:Muramidase; C016350:3-deoxyglucosone