title: Enhanced antigen-specific responses in bovine mammary glands following administration of interleukin-2.
abstract: This study examined the feasibility of using interleukin-2 as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance specific immunity in the bovine mammary gland. In trial 1, cows were immunized by intramammary infusion of keyhole limpet hemocyanin with either saline (n = 3) or interleukin-2 (n = 3) as adjuvants. In trial 2, cows were immunized by intramuscular injection near the supramammary lymph node with keyhole limpet hemocyanin in conjunction with saline (n = 4). Freund's incomplete adjuvant (n = 4), or interleukin-2 (n = 4). Local immunization with interleukin-2 as an adjuvant significantly increased antibody titers in milk over preimmunization levels and levels in saline-treated cows. The use of Freund's incomplete adjuvant and interleukin-2 as adjuvants in cows that were immunized systemically enhanced both sera and lacteal antibodies to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. However, cows that were administered interleukin-2 responded more quickly than those given Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Only those cows that received interleukin-2 as an adjuvant demonstrated significant increases in blood lymphocyte proliferation to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, pokeweed mitogen, and interleukin-2. The results of these two trials suggest that immunization with interleukin-2 as an adjuvant may be more effective than Freund's incomplete adjuvant in enhancing specific immunity in the bovine mammary gland and may possibly be an effective adjuvant in mastitis immunization protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pighetti
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sordillo
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000276:immunology; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; D015703:Antigens, CD; D007376:Interleukin-2; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin