title: Application of 'nose-poke habituation' validation with post-trial diazepam- and cholecystokinin-induced hypo- and hypermnesia.
abstract: The present study describes the use of nose-poke habituation as a memory task and demonstrates that it is sensitive to hypo- and hypermnestic pharmacological treatments administered post-trial. Habituation of nose-poke behavior of rats was defined as a reduction in number of nose-pokes compared to baseline. It was measured using a board with 16 holes, to which animals were exposed on 2 consecutive days (baseline and test) for 10 min, respectively. After the first exposure, rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) immediately or with a delay of 2.5 h with doses of diazepam (0.9-4.5 mg/kg) known to be hypomnestic, or cholecystokinin (CCK-8S; 0.2-25 micrograms/kg), which was reported to have memory facilitating effects. An enhancement of habituation in comparison with vehicle controls was interpreted in terms of a hypermnestic effect of the treatment. Conversely, hypomnestic action of the drug treatment was inferred from a reduced habituation. The results show that when diazepam was injected immediately post-trial, the normal reduction in number of nose-pokes during test was prevented, indicative of a failure to habituate presumably due to an amnesia for the baseline/training trial. In contrast, enhanced habituation (facilitation of memory) was induced when CCK-8S was injected immediately post-trial, as reflected by a decrease in number of nose-pokes during test compared to control animals. The effects were not due to enduring proactive effects of the compounds on performance during test, since post-trial injections of diazepam or CCK-8S with a delay of 2.5 h did not have the effects that immediate post-trial injection had.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voits
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Huston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002766:Cholecystokinin; D003975:Diazepam