title: Apoptosis induced by IL-2 withdrawal is associated with an intracellular acidification.
abstract: It is known that phorbol esters can protect IL-2-dependent lymphocytes against apoptosis induced by IL-2 withdrawal. However, the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. In this article we show that apoptosis induced by IL-2 withdrawal in the CTLL-2 cell line correlates with a decrease in intracellular pH (pHi). Supplementing the incubation medium with phorbol esters during IL-2 deprivation protects CTLL-2 cells against both apoptosis and intracellular acidification. Interestingly, IL-4 also supports short-term cell survival and maintenance of normal pHi. The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine prevents the protective effects of IL-2, PMA, and IL-4 on apoptosis and intracellular acidification. In contrast, inhibition of the Na+/H+ antiporter by 5-N-ethyl-N-isopropyl amiloride reverts the protective effects of PMA and IL-4, but only weakly affects IL-2-mediated suppression of apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that intracellular acidification may be an important event during apoptosis induced by IL-2 deprivation in the CTLL-2 cell line. Moreover, they suggest a key role for protein kinase C activation both in the maintenance of pHi and in the suppression of apoptosis, through mechanisms which rely on the activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter to a different extent, depending on the rescuing factor employed.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, C.S.I.C., Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rebollo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez de Aragón
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lastres
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pérez-Sala
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000502:physiology; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D010703:Phorbol Esters