title: [Immunosuppressive effect of parenteral fat emulsions in defined immunostimulation].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the heterotopic rat heart allotransplant model we have previously shown that intravenous fat emulsions are to a various extent immunosuppressive or immunoneutral, dependent on their n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio. Safflower oil (n-3: n-6 = 1:370), fish oil (7.6:1) and soybean oil (1:6.5) prolonged the transplant survival time to 13.3, 12.3 and 10.4 days compared to 6.7 days (oil control group; 1.2.1) and 7.8 days (saline control group) (p < 0.01), respectively. This study presents a correlation of graft survival to immunohistological, cell biological and biochemical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  20% emulsions of safflower oil, fish oil, soybean oil and a 1:1 mixture of safflower and fish oil (oil control group) were continuously infused (9 g fat/kg body weight/day; n = 10 each group) after transplantation. Subpopulations of infiltrating and circulating immunocompetent cells and leukotriene B4 and B5 release of circulating mononuclear cells were analyzed (on the 4th postoperative day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 2 groups with the highest prolongation of graft survival the number of infiltrating cells was reduced by up to 40% and the peripheral blood mononuclear cell interleukin-6 release by up to 45%. Beyond that, circulating T cells were reduced in the fish oil group. Leukotriene B4 was released in all groups to the same extent, leukotriene B5 exclusively in the fish oil group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous fat emulsions show a varying immunomodulatory effect in dependence of the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio. Both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, if applied as main fatty acid source, exert immunosuppressive effects by a diminished infiltration and mobilisation of immunocompetent cells. Soybean oil with a more balanced n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio than safflower oil is significantly less immunosuppressive than safflower oil, and fat emulsions with a n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio of 1:2 are immunologically neutral.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska-Institut, Abteilung für Transplantationschirurgie, Stockholm, Schweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tibell
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Norrlind
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schott
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bohle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papavassilis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Führer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grimminger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous
vernacular_title: Immunsuppressivität parenteraler Fettemulsionen bei definierter Immunstimulation.