title: Differential effects of lignocaine and hypercalcaemia on anisotropic conduction and reentry in the ischaemically damaged canine ventricle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anisotropic conduction characteristics, which may be expressed as the ratio of conduction velocities in the longitudinal (Vlong) and transverse (Vtrans) fibre directions, have been shown to stabilise reentry and favour the induction of sustained, uniform ventricular tachycardia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether interventions affecting either excitability (lignocaine) or both excitability and cell coupling (hypercalcaemia) might produce differential effects on the Vlong/Vtrans ratio, and whether an intervention reducing this ratio might prevent the induction of sustained reentrant ventricular tachycardia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of hypercalcaemia [8.2(SD 3.8) mmol.litre-1] and lignocaine infusion [to 24.4(19) and 42.3(29) mumol.litre-1] on Vlong and Vtrans were determined from 127 electrograms recorded with a plaque electrode on the anterior left ventricular wall of healthy dogs or 3 d after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Vlong and Vtrans were computed from isochronal maps displaying ellipsoid patterns with a long axis corresponding to longitudinal conduction and a short axis corresponding to transverse conduction, as determined during basic (S1) and premature (S2) stimulation from the centre of the plaque electrode. Infarcted heart preparations were subjected to programmed stimulation for induction of reentrant ventricular tachycardias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypercalcaemia reduced both Vlong and Vtrans (P < 0.05) but did not modify either the Vlong/Vtrans ratio or the induction and patterns of ventricular tachycardias. Lignocaine reduced Vlong and the Vlong/Vtrans ratio during premature stimulation (S2) of infarcted heart preparations (P < 0.05) and stabilised reentrant ventricular tachycardias in preparations in which only nonsustained, multiform ventricular tachycardias were induced under control conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conduction velocities in the longitudinal and transverse directions can be differentially affected by selected pharmacological interventions, but the Vlong/Vtrans ratio is not a representative index of the facilitating influence of tissue anisotropy on reentry. Therefore, the role of anisotropy in this model of reentry is not confined to establishing disparity of a functional character between conduction velocities in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hélie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cossette
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cardinal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D004285:Dogs; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine