title: Laparoscopic varicocelectomy: technique and results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic varicocelectomy in the treatment of symptomatic varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indications for surgery were subfertility in 98 patients and pain in nine. All varicoceles were confirmed on Doppler ultrasound. Seventy-two per cent of the patients had left-sided varicoceles and bilateral varicoceles were seen in 27%. A three-puncture technique was used with carbon dioxide insufflation. The spermatic vessels were individually identified and clips were used to ligate the veins. The spermatic artery was preserved in all cases. The operation was performed on a day surgery basis with an average operative time of 61.4 min (56.6 min for unilateral and 75.8 min for bilateral varicocelectomy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morbidity was low, with pneumoscrotum in two patients and wound infection in two others. Sixty-one patients for whom pre- and post-operative seminal analyses were available showed improvement in sperm count and motility, with a concomitant fall in the percentage of abnormal sperm forms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is safe and effective, causing minimal discomfort and allowing patients an early return to activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Toa Payoh Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ravintharan
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013076:Sperm Count; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery*