title: Sleep disorders in bipolar depression: hypnotics vs sedative antidepressants.
abstract: Ninety-six patients with bipolar disorder who attended a lithium clinic were reviewed in a retrospective study. Sleep disorders were studied in 85 depressive episodes. Eighty-one percent of the subjects presented with insomnia; the mixed type being the most frequent (49%) followed by early awakening (25%). The evolution of depression in the patients was compared according to the treatment received for insomnia: sedative antidepressants vs other anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs. Fifteen percent of patients shifted to mania, this group more frequently receiving sedative antidepressants (p < 0.05). Moreover, the patients who had received sedative antidepressants as therapy for insomnia (N = 61) showed a tendency to have a shorter asymptomatic interval before the following relapse (13 months vs 19 months; p = 0.06). In view of these results, we consider that the use of sedative antidepressants as a treatment for insomnia during depressive episodes in bipolar patients could be a factor contributing to worse prognoses; in these cases it appears that the use of other hypnotic drugs would be more advisable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saiz-Ruiz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cebollada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ibañez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008094:Lithium