title: Bovine melanoma growth stimulatory activity: a new monocyte-macrophage-derived cytokine of the IL-8 family. Partial structure, function, and expression in acute pulmonary inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neutrophil-chemotactic peptides are a family of small basic peptides 70 to 80 amino acids in length. They contain four conserved cysteine residues, the first two spaced by one amino acid (C-X-C). The best characterized species is human IL-8. Other prominent members are melanoma growth stimulatory activity (GRO-alpha), neutrophil-activating peptide-2, and epithelial-cell derived neutrophil-activating protein 78.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine monocytes and alveolar macrophages were induced by lipopolysaccaride, and a major neutrophil chemotactic activity in the supernatant was purified by cation-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. The chemotaxin was then analyzed for biologic activity on bovine neutrophils by in vitro chemotaxis, shape change, and transient rise of intracellular-free calcium concentration. The in vivo role of bovine GRO (boGRO) was tested immunohistologically in confirmed cases of pneumonic pasteurellosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have purified and partially sequenced a bovine homologue of human GRO-alpha. The partial amino acid sequence of boGRO was: APVVNELRCQCLQTLQGIHLKNIQSVKVTTPGP. BoGRO was biologically active and induced a dose-dependent neutrophil migration in the range of 10(-7) to 10(-9) M. BoGRO also induced a dose-dependent shape change in bovine neutrophils similar to human IL-8. This effect was detectable down to 10(-10) M. Similar effects were observed on the transient rise of intracellular-free calcium concentration. In bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis and, to a lesser extent, in normal lungs, immunoreactivity to human GRO was highly positive in hypertrophic type-II epithelial cells and in mesothelial cells, whereas pleural fibroblasts and bronchial epithelial cells were negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BoGRO is a prominent neutrophil chemoattractant secreted by monocytes and alveolar macrophages. It is active at similar concentrations as human IL-8. The strong immunoreactivity in type-II epithelial and mesothelial cells of bovine pneumonia strongly suggest a role for boGRO in the genesis of pulmonary inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rogivue
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Car
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Allmann-Iselin
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Zwahlen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D010326:Pasteurella Infections; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: C475896:CXCL1 protein, Bos taurus; C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins