title: Transabdominal sonohysterography, transvaginal sonography, and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of submucous myomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the usefulness of transabdominal sonohysterography in the diagnosis and evaluation of submucous myomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two premenopausal women hospitalized for hysterectomy for benign gynecologic indications underwent preoperative conventional transvaginal sonography, transabdominal sonohysterography, and hysteroscopy. The results of the three techniques in terms of diagnosis, size, intracavitary growth, and location of the submucous myomas were compared with those revealed by direct inspection of the surgical specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conventional transvaginal sonography for the diagnosis of submucous myomas had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 98%; the predictive values of abnormal and normal scans were 90 and 98%, respectively. Transabdominal sonohysterography had sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of 100%, as did hysteroscopy. In all cases, the sonographic techniques measured tumor size more accurately than did hysteroscopy. The transabdominal sonohysterography measurements differed from direct evaluation by no more than 2 mm, and the hysteroscopic measurements were significantly different from those of the surgical specimens. The sonohysterographic evaluation of intrauterine growth was significantly more precise than that of the other techniques, differing from direct measurements by no more than 5-10%. Conventional transvaginal sonography failed to localize three of 11 myomas; hysteroscopy and transabdominal sonohysterography provided the exact location in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transabdominal sonohysterography is the most accurate technique for detecting submucous myomas and evaluating their size, intracavitary growth, and location.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Patologia Ostetrica e Ginecologica, University of Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cicinelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Anastasio
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galantino
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017697:Premenopause; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014621:Vagina