title: High-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of flunixin in bovine plasma and pharmacokinetics after single and repeated doses of the drug.
abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for determination of flunixin in bovine plasma. The extraction procedure was easily performed and made it possible to detect low concentrations of flunixin with high accuracy. The limit of quantitation was 7 ng/ml (relative standard deviation = 18% n = 10). The analytic method permits processing of 60 samples/d. Flunixin, as well as the internal standard (diclofenac sodium), belong to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are known to have a high degree of binding to plasma proteins. Therefore, an evaluation of several buffer systems was undertaken to optimize analytic conditions. Cattle were given 2.2 mg of flunixin melgumine/kg of body weight. In experiment 1, single injections were administered IV to 1 cow and IV and IM to 1 heifer (7 days apart), and pharmacokinetic variables were calculated. The IV data were best described by a two-compartment model. The half-life after single IV or IM administration was around 4.0 hours. In experiment 2, the decreasing flunixin concentration was determined after the last of either 4 IM injections daily (n = 3 cows) or 2 IM injections daily (n = 3 cows) administered during a 14-day postpartum period. The half-life, determined between 48 and 96 hours after the last dose, was approximately 26 hours in both groups, and flunixin could be detected in plasma up to 8 days, on average. The protein binding of flunixin was studied, using the method of equilibrium dialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Odensvik
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003002:Clonixin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000097:blood; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac; C014557:flunixin; D003002:Clonixin