Time trends in cause-specific mortality in Estonia from 1965 to 1989.
BACKGROUND
During the last 30 years, in most developed countries, life expectancy has increased considerably. In Estonia, over the past half century, health and social policy was dictated by the Soviet socioeconomic system. In order to evaluate the consequences to health and to evaluate trends in health, cause-specific mortality was studied in Estonia.


METHODS
The study was based on national death records from 1965 to 1989. Mortality rates were computed for all causes of death combined and for 16 cause groups. Age-standardization (European population) was performed using 5-year age groups.


RESULTS
From 1965-1969 to 1985-1989, the age-standardized mortality rate for all causes combined increased by 4.0% for males and decreased by 1.5% for females. The greatest increase was observed for ages 45-54 among males (26.3%) and for ages 55-64 among females (7.0%). Very high death rates from circulatory diseases and high mortality from injuries and poisoning are of specific concern, particularly for males. Mortality from circulatory diseases continues to rise for ages 45-74 among males and for ages 55-64 among females. Mortality rates for neoplasms and endocrine disorders are also increasing; however, the mortality rates from respiratory and infectious diseases have shown a substantial decrease.


CONCLUSIONS
Chronic diseases, together with injuries and poisoning, remain a serious public health problem in Estonia. Preventive measures, including earlier detection of diseases as well as changes in social security and individual health behaviour are needed to improve the health of the population.
Leinsalu
M
M
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Tallinn, Estonia.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D004957:Estonia; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007239:Infections / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D011041:Poisoning / Q000401:mortality; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D012737:Sex Factors; D012943:Social Security; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000401:mortality