title: Direct imaging in a water layer of human chromosome fibres composed of nucleosomes and their higher-order structures by laser-plasma X-ray contact microscopy.
abstract: X-ray contact microscopy with a 300-ps-duration laser-plasma X-ray source has been used to image hydrated human chromosomes. Clearly imaged are individual nucleosomes and their higher-order particles (superbeads), elementary chromatin fibrils. c. 30 nm in diameter and their higher-order fibres of various sizes up to c. 120 nm in diameter. The results demonstrate that X-ray microscopy is now capable of opening a new path of investigation into the detailed structures of hydrated chromosome fibres in their natural state.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Biology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Isotope Research Center, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinjo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horiike
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods*; D008863:Microspheres; D008938:Mitosis; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014867:Water; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D009707:Nucleosomes; D014867:Water