title: Severity-adjusted differences in hospital utilization by gender.
abstract: Gender-based differences in hospital use may result from biological differences or may suggest problems of access to health services and quality of care. We hypothesized that there should be no difference in hospital care between men and women, given the same diagnosis. Hospitalizations were characterized by severity of illness, as this may indicate the timeliness of hospital care. Hospitalizations may be too late (with higher severity of illness) resulting in long stays and high costs, or too early (with lower severity of illness) resulting in care that could be given in alternative treatment settings. Three abdominal conditions were examined which could be misdiagnosed or confused with other diseases involving the female reproductive system: appendicitis, diverticulitis, and cholecystitis. The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) was used for analysis. Disease staging was used to assign a severity of illness indicator, ranging from stage 1 (conditions with no complications) to stage 3 (multiple site involvement, poor prognosis). For each disease, the percentage of discharges and the age-adjusted discharge rate per 1000 population was examined by stage of illness and gender. For appendectomy, there was a significantly greater percentage of men at stage 1 (lower severity) compared to women (73% versus 67%). For diverticular disease, women had higher proportions of stage 2/3 discharges than men for both medical and surgical hospitalizations. For cholecystitis, women had a greater percentage of hospitalizations at stage 1 than men, notably for surgical treatment (63% compared with 38%), although more men were admitted at stage 2 for both medical and surgical treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gonnella
authors.forename: D Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Markson
mesh_terms: D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*