title: Human chorionic gonadotropin-dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor in human granulosa cells: importance in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
abstract: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a severe complication arising from controlled ovarian stimulation treatment. This iatrogenic condition is potentially lethal and occurs in 0.3-5% of stimulated ovarian cycles. hCG exacerbates OHSS. The pathophysiology of OHSS is still unknown; therefore, treatment regimens are aimed at ameliorating symptoms. Prominent features of OHSS are an elevated risk of thromboembolism due to enhanced production of von Willebrand factor by endothelial cells and ascites, or pulmonary edema due to increased vascular permeability followed by third space fluid accumulation. Both of these sequelae can be evoked by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF). High concentrations of VEGF/VPF have been demonstrated in ascitic fluid from patients with OHSS, but the source of VEGF/VPF in these patients remained unidentified. Here we report that the messenger ribonucleic acid expression of VEGF/VPF in human luteinized granulosa cells (GCs) is dose and time dependently enhanced by hCG in vitro. Furthermore, VEGF/VPF proteins are produced by GCs. Our results suggest that the effects of hCG on the development and course of OHSS may be mediated by the production of VEGF/VPF by GCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neulen
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raczek
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weindel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Weich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marmé
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breckwoldt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics*; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011962:Receptors, FSH / Q000378:metabolism; D011974:Receptors, LH / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011962:Receptors, FSH; D011974:Receptors, LH; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors