title: Formaldehyde vaporization in the hatcher and the effect on tracheal epithelium of the chick.
abstract: Chicken embryos were exposed to formaldehyde vapors in the hatcher during the final 3 days of incubation. Measured formaldehyde levels approached 130 ppm. Tracheas collected at hatch and 5 days post-hatch were evaluated for functional and morphologic changes. Tracheal cilia motility was reduced in formaldehyde-exposed chicks. Scanning electron microscopy revealed blunted cilia and blebs occurring in the cilia surfaces. At 5 days of age, excessive tracheal mucus was present. Sloughing of the tracheal epithelium was visible by light microscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Middendorf
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008834:Microclimate; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009068:Movement; D012016:Reference Values; D013696:Temperature; D013995:Time; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde