title: Induction of cell cycle perturbations by the tear gas 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile in synchronously and asynchronously proliferating mammalian cells.
abstract: The effects of the tear gas 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) on mammalian cell proliferation were studied in detail using bromodeoxyuridine/Hoechst flow cytometry. In synchronized (G0/G1-phase) Chinese hamster embryo (CHE) cells, exposure to CS (60 microM) caused a permanent arrest in the G0/G1 phase in 50% of the cells and a delayed G0/G1 phase exit. In asynchronously growing CHE cells, the CS-induced cell kinetic perturbations varied with the cell cycle stage during treatment. While G1-phase cells showed a delayed progression through S and G2/M phases, S-phase cells were mainly inhibited in the G2/M compartment of the first cell cycle. In contrast, CS-treated, asynchronous, amniotic fluid-derived, fibroblast-like (AFFL) cells exhibited a prolonged transit through the G2/M phase of the first cell cycle regardless of the cell cycle stage during treatment. This indicates that the induced cytotoxicity of CS is a function of both the cell cycle phase and the particular type of cells.
authors.affiliation: BfS-Institut für Strahlenhygiene, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubbies
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nüsse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009763:o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009763:o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine