title: Systemic anaphylactoid reactions to iodinated contrast media during cardiac catheterization procedures: guidelines for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Laboratory Performance Standards Committee of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions.
abstract: This report represents the first guidelines for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of anaphylactoid reactions to contrast media occurring specifically during cardiac catheterization. The incidence of contrast media complications in the catheterization laboratory is 0.23% with 1 death per 55,000. Anaphylactoid reactions are nonimmune mediated, but histamine release and other mediators produce a clinical presentation indistinguishable from anaphylaxis. In patients with known previous reactions, pretreatment with steroids and diphenhydramine and the use of nonionic contrast media have significantly reduced the potential of recurrent reaction. Minor reactions such as limited urticaria may be watched for progression or treatment with diphenhydramine, whereas more serious reactions such as angioedema or laryngeal edema require airway stability and ephinephrine administration. Shock should be vigorously treated simultaneously with intravenous epinephrine and large volumes of normal saline. If the patient can be stabilized, the study should be completed as histamine, leukotrienes, and other vasoactive products should be relatively depleted.
authors.affiliation: New Mexico Heart Clinic, Albuquerque 87106, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Heupler
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003422:Critical Care; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004155:Diphenhydramine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D004837:Epinephrine