title: Relationship between the family APGAR and behavioral problems in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the use of the Family APGAR instrument as a supplement to usual clinical methods for the detection of psychosocial problems in children and to evaluate the relationship between the Family APGAR and physician diagnosis and elevated Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory care center of a community-based, university-affiliated family medicine training program.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-two parents of children aged 3 to 16 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family functioning was considered poor if Family APGAR scores were 5 or less. For the CBCL, sum total T scores greater than the 90th percentile for nonreferred children were considered clinically significant. Physicians used a checklist to indicate the presence of psychosocial problems or family dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agreement between the Family APGAR scores and the physician's detection of child psychosocial problems was weak (kappa = 0.23). There was no relationship between the Family APGAR scores and physician perception of family dysfunction (kappa = -0.05). Although agreement between the Family APGAR and CBCL classifications was weak (kappa = 0.20), families with low Family APGAR scores were more than twice as likely to have children with clinically significant CBCL scores than those with higher scores (risk ratio = 2.08; 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 4.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationships among the Family APGAR and CBCL scores and physician detection of child psychosocial problems were weak. Child psychosocial problems were more than twice as likely to be present when the Family APGAR score was low. These findings suggest that family functioning is related to child psychosocial problems, but that the Family APGAR may not improve screening for child psychosocial problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Smucker
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Wildman
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Revolinsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires