title: Portable chest radiographs identify mechanical ventilator-associated hyperinflation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Portable chest radiographs (CRs) are obtained routinely in mechanically ventilated patients, but little is known about relationships between CR findings and ventilator parameters. It is unclear whether radiographically apparent hyperinflation correlates with tidal volume (VT), body weight (BW), VT/kg, or levels of peak airway pressure (PAP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), or pressure support (PS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective comparison of CR and ventilator parameters in 62 mechanically ventilated patients in surgical and medical intensive care units of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  All mechanically ventilated adults with portable CR on four separate dates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chest radiographs were classified by subjective assessments as hyperinflated (H+) or nonhyperinflated (H-), independent of knowledge of patients or their mechanical ventilation. Chest radiographs were reclassified independently as H+, H-, or indeterminate by a radiologist using objective criteria. Ventilator parameters recorded at the time of the CR were obtained and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CRs classified subjectively as H+ compared with patients with CRs classified as H- had a larger VT/kg (12.0 +/- 0.4 ml/kg [mean +/- SEM] vs 10.2 +/- 0.4; p = 0.004), lower BW (70.8 +/- 2.9 kg vs 81.5 +/- 3.8; p = 0.03), higher PEEP (6.5 +/- 0.5 cm H2O vs 5.0 +/- 0.4; p = 0.01), and higher PAP (38.2 +/- 2.1 cm H2O vs. 33.4 +/- 1.8; p = 0.06). Using objective CR classifications, patients with H+ CRs had a VT/kg of 12.6 +/- 0.4, larger than in the indeterminate (11.1 +/- 0.8) and H- (9.9 +/- 0.3) groups (p < 0.001). The BW differed among objectively classified groups (66.5 +/- 2.7 H+, 68.9 +/- 5.1 indeterminate, and 85.2 +/- 3.7 H-; p < 0.001), but other ventilator parameters did not correlate univariately with the degree of inflation on CR. Multivariate analysis showed that higher VT was predictive of H+ after adjusting for BW in subjective (p = 0.076) and objective (p = 0.017) classifications. PEEP (p = 0.004) and older age (p = 0.021) were also associated with H+ in multivariate analysis. Four of 25 (16 percent) patients with objectively H+ CRs developed barotrauma, while no patient with H- CR had this complication (p = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In mechanically ventilated patients, hyperinflation seen on portable CR is associated with higher VT, VT/kg, and lower BW, and may help predict subsequent barotrauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, N.C., USA.
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Ely
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bowton
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Haponik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001469:Barotrauma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013990:Tidal Volume