title: Clinical experience transferring kidney transplant patients from Sandimmun to Sandimmun Neoral--results after 3 months.
abstract: The new galenic formulation of cyclosporine prepared as microemulsion (Sandimmun Neoral, SN) shows a significantly improved correlation between both trough level (Cmin) and dose. Moreover, since the bioavailability is increased by 20 to 30% on average, it may lead to a drug overexposure in so far malabsorbing patients. In order to assess safety and to establish an appropriate procedure to switch patients safely from conventional Sandimmun to SN, we initialized an open, stratified (transplant age) clinical trial enrolling 302 patients of our outpatient clinic. We used a simple 1:1 conversion of the patient's total daily dose. Trough drug levels, as well as serum creatinine, liver enzymes, uric acid, and blood pressure values were measured at baseline, at days 4, 8, 15, 29, and at month 3 after drug substitution. Within the three month observation period, the cyclosporine dose was reduced by 14.2% (204 +/- 60 mg/day baseline vs. 175 +/- 54 mg/day after conversion, p < 0.05). By day 8, the 1:1 dosage conversion resulted in a modest mean increase in drug trough levels (114 ng/ml baseline vs. 120 ng/ml, p < 0.05). This increase was accompanied by a slight increase in mean serum creatinine concentration, a decrease in calculated creatinine clearance, and an increase in mean uric acid values (p < 0.05). Liver enzymes remained unchanged while systolic and mean arterial blood pressure decreased (p < 0.05). Parallel to dosage reduction, drug trough levels had decreased after 1 month to baseline (112 ng/ml) and remained there for the remainder of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Charité, V. Medical Clinic, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Neumayer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Färber
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kohnen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maibücher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vollmar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waiser
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D016572:Cyclosporine