title: Reproductive capacity of the nucleus of the male gamete after completion of meiosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to investigate the possibility of achieving fertilization and subsequent normal embryonic development by injecting round spermatid nuclei into rabbit oocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-to four-cell-stage embryos developed after round spermatid nuclear injections into rabbit ooplasma could further develop in vitro up to the expanding blastocyst stage or in vivo up to complete gestation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings show that the haploid set of chromosomes of round spermatid can pair with the chromosomes of the ootid to participate in complete fertilization and subsequent embryonic and fetal development. In addition, we suggest that postmeiotic modifications of the round spermatid are not required for the pairing of male gamete chromosomes with those of the ootid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Sofikitis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agapitos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasyianos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hellstrom
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011817:Rabbits; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013087:Spermatids / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure