Direct imaging of molecular transport through skin.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to image spatial variations in the molecular flux of Fe(CN)6(-4) across excised hairless and nude mouse skin. The SECM response is specific to electroactive molecules, allowing selective imaging of the flux of Fe(CN)6(-4) in multicomponent ionic solutions. Quantitative SECM image analysis demonstrated that 40% to 60% of the total Fe(CN)6(-4) flux occurred through appendages in the skin. SECM analysis of skin samples exposed to a known transport enhancer, sodium dodecylsulfate, indicated that the increase in the ion transport rate occurred exclusively in nonporous skin tissue.
Scott
E R
ER
Medtronic, Inc., Brooklyn Center, Minnesota.
Phipps
J B
JB
White
H S
HS
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation; D005295:Ferrocyanides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology
D005295:Ferrocyanides; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate