title: Essential functions of synapsins I and II in synaptic vesicle regulation.
abstract: Synaptic vesicles are coated by synapsins, phosphoproteins that account for 9% of the vesicle protein. To analyse the functions of these proteins, we have studied knockout mice lacking either synapsin I, synapsin II, or both. Mice lacking synapsins are viable and fertile with no gross anatomical abnormalities, but experience seizures with a frequency proportional to the number of mutant alleles. Synapsin-II and double knockouts, but not synapsin-I knockouts, exhibit decreased post-tetanic potentiation and severe synaptic depression upon repetitive stimulation. Intrinsic synaptic-vesicle membrane proteins, but not peripheral membrane proteins or other synaptic proteins, are slightly decreased in individual knockouts and more severely reduced in double knockouts, as is the number of synaptic vesicles. Thus synapsins are not required for neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis or the basic mechanics of synaptic vesicle traffic, but are essential for accelerating this traffic during repetitive stimulation. The phenotype of the synapsin knockouts could be explained either by deficient recruitment of synaptic vesicles to the active zone, or by impaired maturation of vesicles at the active zone, both of which could lead to a secondary destabilization of synaptic vesicles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas 75235, USA.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Rosahl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spillane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Missler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herz
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Selig
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Malenka
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Südhof
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016501:Neurites / Q000502:physiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010641:Phenotype; D012640:Seizures / Q000235:genetics; D016704:Synapsins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016704:Synapsins