title: Localization of gastrinomas by endoscopic ultrasonography in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoperative localization of gastrinomas by current imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scan and angiography is still difficult because of the small size of tumor(s) in most patients undergoing operation. This study evaluated the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients presenting with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome underwent exploratory laparotomy after preoperative attempts to identify the gastrinoma(s) by CT scan, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasonography. Surgery included intraoperative ultrasonography and duodenal transillumination in all cases. The sensitivity and specificity of imaging techniques were then evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least one tumor was found in 19 patients (four had two tumors and one had multiple tumors). Duodenal, lymph node, and pancreatic gastrinomas were found in 42%, 38%, and 17% of the patients, respectively. Sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasonography was 50% for duodenal wall tumors (conventional endoscopy, 40%), 75% for pancreatic tumors (CT scan, 25%), and 62.5% for tumoral lymph nodes (CT scan, 0%). The specificity of all techniques was excellent. Correct diagnosis was made by endoscopic ultrasonography alone in 41% of the patients. The combination of conventional endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography provided correct diagnosis in 60% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic ultrasonography should be considered as a first-choice imaging technique for preoperative detection of gastrinomas. Although small duodenal gastrinomas are still obviously difficult to detect, an accurate exploration of the pancreatic area was provided by this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruszniewski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amouyal
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amouyal
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Grangé
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mignon
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bouché
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernades
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015408:Gastrinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007813:Laparotomy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014172:Transillumination; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D015043:Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery