title: Influence of local treatment on the recurrence rate of ductal carcinoma in situ.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Screening mammography has resulted in a significant increase in the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The role of breast conservation therapy and the long-term recurrence rate are still controversial. This article compares mastectomy, wide excision alone, and wide excision with radiation as treatments for DCIS.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-four cases of DCIS were retrospectively reviewed and were found to be pure DCIS by a senior pathologist. The mean age at diagnosis was 60 years (range, 33 to 81). Originally, 101 patients (81 percent) presented with calcification on mammogram, and 23 (19 percent) presented with a palpable mass. Histologic data showed that 54 (44 percent) had noncomedo type lesions, 46 (37 percent) had comedo type, and 24 (19 percent) had unknown type DCIS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of the 124 patients had a recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 43 months. Recurrence is defined as any development of DCIS or invasive carcinoma in the ipsilateral breast. There was one (1.3 percent) recurrence in the 75 patients treated with mastectomy (an adenocarcinoma of the chest wall), which occurred at 59 months. Treatment was 5,750 cGy to the chest wall and the patient is free of disease 37 months postradiation. There were three (11 percent) recurrences at 14, 21, and 29 months, respectively, in the 28 patients treated with wide excision alone. All three recurrences were found by calcifications on mammogram and all patients had comedo type original lesions. Two recurrences were pure DCIS of the breast. Both patients were treated with mastectomy and are free of disease at 33 and five months, respectively. The third recurrence was an invasive colloid carcinoma of the breast. Treatment was a modified radical mastectomy; the patient is free of disease after 62 months. There were no recurrences in the 21 patients who were treated with wide excision and radiation. Average total dose of radiation was 5,835 cGy (range, 4,500 to 6,480).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that both mastectomy and wide excision with radiation are associated with very low recurrence rates. Wide excision alone is associated with a higher recurrence rate. However, all recurrences were detected mammographically and all lesions were salvaged by mastectomy. Therefore, the ultimate local control and survival rates were similar for all three modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warneke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grossklaus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bebb
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Villar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000628:therapy*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012189:Retrospective Studies