title: Underappreciated risks of the elderly multipara.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to identify the age-related increased risks of the elderly gravida by clarifying the effects of age and parity, their combination, and their interaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 9556 singleton pregnancies in women aged 20 to 29 years or > or = 35 years delivered over an 8-year period. Data were analyzed by stepwise multiway contingency table analysis, with p < 0.002 considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many of the previously reported risks of the elderly gravida are expected on the basis of age and parity. Significant associations (primarily related to advanced age) included higher frequencies of obesity, chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, and large-for-gestational-age and macrosomic infants. These elderly gravidas, on the other hand, had fewer postdates pregnancies. Although often overlooked, the greatest age-related increases in risk for induction (1.8 times), preeclampsia (2.7 times), gestational diabetes (4.5 times), clinical diabetes (3.2 times), oxytocin use (1.7 times), and macrosomia (1.6 times) occur in multiparas, not nulliparas. The risk for preeclampsia in the elderly multipara is significantly higher than expected on the basis of age and parity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased risks of the elderly multipara may have been overshadowed by the previous focus on the elderly nullipara. It is important to recognize the increases in age-related risks of the elderly multipara to appropriately counsel and manage this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bobrowski
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Bottoms
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007751:Labor, Induced; D008423:Maternal Age; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D010298:Parity; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000453:epidemiology; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology