title: Clinical manifestations and outcome of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and outcome of childhood Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 235 children with Hib disease admitted to hospital during a 2 year period were reviewed; additional information was obtained by questionnaire and follow up 6 weeks after discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-quarters of patients presented with either meningitis or epiglottitis. Children with epiglottitis were older, had shorter illnesses and were less likely to have had antibiotics before admission than those with meningitis; 38% of the latter had been given some antibiotic therapy, with no apparent effect on the outcome. Fever persisted for 7 days or more in 23% of patients with meningitis. Death from meningitis occurred in 3.8% of patients and was due to fulminating disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data will assist in recognition and appropriate management of Hib disease as the clinical manifestations become less familiar following the introduction of immunization. Specific laboratory diagnosis is required for accurate surveillance, which should be maintained in order to ensure high immunization rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Clements
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004826:Epiglottitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008583:Meningitis, Haemophilus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002701:Chloramphenicol