title: Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction as the primary genetic lesion in NIDDM. Evidence from studies in normal glucose-tolerant individuals with a first-degree NIDDM relative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that insulin resistance precedes impaired insulin secretion in individuals genetically predisposed to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient facility of clinical research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred volunteers of European ancestry having normal glucose tolerance, 50 with and 50 without a first-degree NIDDM relative, matched for age, sex, and degree of obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperglycemic (N = 100) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (N = 62) clamp experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The individuals with a first-degree NIDDM relative had reduced first- and second-phase insulin responses (mean +/- SEM, 939 +/- 68 vs 1209 +/- 82 pmol/L, and 322 +/- 19 vs 407 +/- 24 pmol/L, respectively, P = .001 and .01), but their insulin sensitivity (148 +/- 6 and 92 +/- 6 nmol.kg-1.min-1/pmol.L-1 in hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp studies) did not differ from that of the control group (126 +/- 5 and 81 +/- 7 nmol.kg-1.min-1/pmol.L-1, in hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp studies, P = .07 and .24, respectively). In some individuals only first- or only second-phase insulin responses were reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study population, heterogeneous defects in insulin secretion were demonstrated, while defects in insulin sensitivity were not evident. We therefore conclude that since the earliest defects identified in a group genetically at high risk to develop NIDDM are those related to insulin secretion, defects in insulin secretion rather than insulin sensitivity are likely the major genetic factor predisposing to development of NIDDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pa, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korytkowski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitrakou
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jenssen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yki-Jarvinen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Evron
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dailey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin