title: Contact neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser ablation of the external sphincter in spinal cord injured men with detrusor sphincter dyssynergia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of contact neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser external sphincterotomy as an alternative treatment of detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two spinal cord injured men with video-urodynamically verified DESD underwent external urinary sphincter ablation using the contact Nd:YAG laser. Three patients with bladder neck obstruction required concurrent contact laser bladder neck incision. Preoperative urodynamic parameters of voiding pressure, bladder capacity, and residual urine were compared with those obtained 1 year postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each procedure was performed with the Nd:YAG contact laser set at 40 to 50 W, with a total accumulated energy of 23,800 to 60,000 J for each patient. The mean duration of surgery was 45 +/- 21 minutes. Bladder voiding pressure decreased from 87 +/- 23 preoperatively to 47 +/- 11 cm H2O at 12 months (P < 0.01). Residual urine volume decreased significantly, from 122 +/- 77 to 33 +/- 19 mL at 12 months (P < 0.01), and bladder capacity remained unchanged at 174 +/- 84 and 230 +/- 92 mL (P = 0.57). Three patients were found to have recurrent sphincter obstruction 1 year after laser sphincterotomy. Two patients experienced complications associated with condom catheter urinary drainage and returned to the use of an indwelling catheter. One patient experienced diminished reflex erectile function postoperatively. No patient required blood transfusion. No deleterious effects on renal function or symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  External urinary sphincter ablation using the contact Nd:YAG laser compares favorably with electrosurgical techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Jefferson Medical College of the Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chancellor
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Staas
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gomella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*