title: The influence of food intake on the effect of two controlled release formulations of furosemide.
abstract: Differences in the urinary excretion rate of furosemide may explain discrepancies observed between the bioavailability and the total diuretic effect of different formulations of this drug. Furosemide was given at a dose of 60 mg as two oral controlled release (CR) formulations (FR and LR), with and without breakfast, in a randomized, four-treatment, four-period, crossover design to 28 healthy volunteers. Urinary volume, and contents of furosemide and sodium, were measured in samples taken over 24 h. The extent and rate of absorption of furosemide from FR were decreased after breakfast as compared to fasting: the mean (SD) of total furosemide excreted decreased from 11.38 (3.12) to 7.73 (1.67) mg, p < 0.0001, and the median (range) mean residence time increased from 6.3 (4.1-9.3) to 9.5 (5.9-11.8) h, p < 0.001. On the other hand, the extent of absorption of LR was increased after breakfast, from 8.04 (3.32) to 9.45 (1.83) mg, p < 0.05, without a significant change in MRT. FR had a higher extent and rate of absorption than LR during fasting, but its extent of absorption was lower than that of LR in the postprandial state. Interestingly, the total fraction of furosemide absorbed, as estimated from total furosemide excretion, was not correlated with the total diuresis (r2 = 0.079) and the differences in drug response compared among the four periods were much smaller than would be expected from the differences in amount absorbed. This discrepancy may be explained by differences in urinary excretion rate of furosemide and, related to this, differences in efficiency profiles between the four treatments. Therefore, the urinary excretion profile of a formulation of furosemide may be more important for the cumulated drug effect than the amount absorbed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Besançon University Hospital, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paintaud
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alván
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Eckernäs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakelkamp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grahnén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005665:Furosemide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005665:Furosemide