title: Effect of midinfrared holmium: YAG laser angioplasty with and without balloon angioplasty on acute outcome and restenosis in atherosclerotic femoral arteries in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulsed laser may lessen vascular damage and reduce restenosis. This study examined the acute and chronic effects of midinfrared laser angioplasty with and without balloon angioplasty in atherosclerotic femoral arteries in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Atherosclerosis was induced in arteries by air desiccation and cholesterol feeding. Arteries were assigned to one of four groups: (1) laser angioplasty with a Thullium/Holmium/Chromium:YAG infrared laser (Eclipse), (2) balloon angioplasty, (3) laser followed by balloon angioplasty, and (4) no intervention. Arteries were examined angiographically and histologically at 2 hours and 28 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intervention groups had significant initial gain, but this gain was less with laser alone than after balloon or after laser plus balloon. At 2 hours, laser alone caused greater arterial damage and thrombosis compared to controls. At 28 days, arteries treated with laser plus balloon had greater narrowing compared with arteries treated with balloon angioplasty. By multivariate regression analysis, the severity of the pre-intervention stenosis (P = 0.001) and intervention with laser plus balloon (P = 0.01) correlated independently with the severity of luminal narrowing at 28 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midinfrared Ho:YAG laser angioplasty resulted in substantial acute damage with increased frequency of thrombus formation in this rabbit model. arteries treated with laser alone had suboptimal initial gain and more obstruction by plaque at 28 days compared to nonintervened arteries. The adjunctive use of balloon angioplasty improved initial gain, but correlated with smaller luminal diameters and more severe narrowing by plaque at 28 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School Medicine, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ragosta
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gertz
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Sarembock
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Deckelbaum
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Gimple
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D016342:Angioplasty, Laser; D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence