title: Early switch from intravenous to oral cephalosporins in the treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Switch therapy is defined as the early transition from intravenous to oral antibiotics during treatment of infection. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome and length of stay of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated with an early switch from intravenous to oral third-generation cephalosporins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a new roentgenographic pulmonary infiltrate and at least two symptoms (cough, fever, or leukocytosis) were enrolled in this study and treated with intravenous ceftizoxime sodium (1 g every 12 hours) or ceftriaxone sodium (1 g every 24 hours). Patients were switched to oral cefixime (400 mg every 24 hours) as soon as they met the following criteria: (1) resolution of fever; (2) improvement of cough and respiratory distress; (3) improvement of leukocytosis; and (4) presence of normal gastrointestinal tract absorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 120 patients enrolled, 75 (62%) had clinical data evaluated. Long-term follow-up showed that 74 patients (99%) were cured; one patient required readmission for further intravenous therapy. Mean duration of hospital stay was 4 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This investigation demonstrated that an early switch to oral cefixime may be reasonable in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia who have already shown a good clinical and laboratory response to therapy with intravenous third-generation cephalosporins. This approach is clinically effective and minimizes hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Louisville (Ky) School of Medicine.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Srinath
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahkee
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Raff
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins