title: Evaluation of the hemodynamic effects of interpleural bupivacaine in dogs.
abstract: The hemodynamic effects of interpleural (IP) bupivacaine were studied in six halothane-anesthetized dogs. On four separate occasions, each dog received IP saline (S), or bupivacaine at a low dosage of 1.5 mg/kg (L), high dosage of 3.0 mg/kg (H), or high dosage of 3.0 mg/kg with epinephrine 5 micrograms/mL (HE). Heart rate, systolic and mean arterial pressures, and base excess were significantly lower in the H dosage group than in the other treatment groups. Cardiac output, expressed as a percentage of change from baseline, was significantly higher in the L group than in the H and S groups. Pulmonary arterial pressure and respiratory rate were significantly higher in the HE group than in the other three groups. Mean plasma concentrations of bupivacaine peaked between 5 and 15 minutes after IP injection. Maximum plasma concentrations in individual dogs were variable; however, mean maximum plasma concentrations in the H and HE groups were not significantly different. Clinically significant hypotension occurred in one dog in the H group and in one dog in the HE group. No pulmonary complications were detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, USA.
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Trim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madhusudhan
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Boyle
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004341:Drug Evaluation / Q000662:veterinary; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007267:Injections / Q000662:veterinary; D010994:Pleura; D011897:Random Allocation; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine