title: Conservative options in the management of spinal disorders, Part II. Exercise, education, and manual therapies.
abstract: At this time, evidence supports exercise as an efficacious form of treatment for individuals suffering from back pain. The incorporation of education regarding posture, body mechanics, and ergonomics as part of a progressive exercise program appears justified. While there is empirical evidence available for the use of biofeedback, there are no specific studies supporting its efficacy in the treatment of the spine. Manual therapies such as mobilization and/or manipulation appear to shorten the course of subacute back pain, but do not alter the natural history and do not appear to be efficacious as monotherapy for chronic back pain.
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reitman
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Esses
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic / Q000379:methods; D008405:Massage; D010021:Osteopathic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D011187:Posture; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*