Long-term efficacy of active postexposure immunization of infants for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. United States-People's Republic of China Study Group on Hepatitis B.
Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) contributes to the high prevalence of chronic infection in China and many other countries. In a placebo-controlled trial among 166 infants, the 12-month efficacy of active postexposure prophylaxis to prevent chronic perinatal HBV infection varied by vaccine (range, 45%-89%). In a 5-year follow-up study, 2 additional infants became chronically infected with HBV, and the efficacy of active prophylaxis was estimated to be 38% and 72% for the two vaccines at 5 years. In addition, 80% of immunized infants continued to have protective levels of antibody at the end of 5 years. However, among 27 infants who received passive-active immunoprophylaxis with high-dose hepatitis B immune globulin, only 60% (11/19) had protective antibody levels. These data indicate that active postexposure immunization initiated soon after birth continues to provide protection during early childhood when there is a high risk of chronic HBV infection.
Xu
Z Y
ZY
Department of Epidemiology, Pediatric Hospital, Shanghai Medical University.
Duan
S C
SC
Margolis
H S
HS
Purcell
R H
RH
Ou-Yang
P Y
PY
Coleman
P J
PJ
Zhuang
Y L
YL
Xu
H F
HF
Qian
S G
SG
Zhu
Q R
QR
D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination
D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D007136:Immunoglobulins; C045213:hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin