title: Use of peanut and cowpea in wheat-based products containing composite flours.
abstract: Cowpeas and peanuts are legumes of major dietary and economic importance. They are favored worldwide because of their palatability, contribution to nutritional status, and low cost as a protein source compared to animal protein. Flours processed from cowpeas and peanuts have unique physico-chemical and sensory properties when used in composite flour mixtures. Appropriate blends of cowpea and peanut flours to replace wheat flour in Chinese-type noodles, muffins, and tortillas were determined using modelling and optimization procedures. For noodles, 15% peanut flour and 8% cowpea flour supplementation produced an acceptable product with high protein content (21%). For wheat flour replacement in muffins, up to 43% cowpea and up to 44% peanut flours may be used. However, when wheat flour replacement is 50% or greater, cassava flour should comprise 56 to 72% of the blend with a few exceptions. In tortillas, 24% cowpea and 46% peanut flours produced products similar in quality characteristics to those made from 100% wheat flour. The systematic approach used in these studies is more efficient than the traditional substitution method to optimize sensory qualities of wheat-based products containing composite flours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223, USA.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: McWatters
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Resurreccion
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Beuchat
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D007887:Fabaceae; D005433:Flour; D005502:Food; D005518:Food Preferences; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012677:Sensation; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins