title: Oestrogen but not testosterone increases bone density in orchiectomized rats more when fed moderately magnesium-deficient fructose than moderately magnesium-deficient cornstarch.
abstract: To investigate interactions between circulating sex hormones, dietary fructose and magnesium on bone mineral density and numbers of trabeculae, 10 weeks old orchiectomized and sham-orchiectomized rats were studied. One-third of the orchiectomized animals were injected with beta-oestradiol-3-benzoate twice per week in sesame oil; another one-third, testosterone cypionate; the remaining one-third as well as the sham-orchiectomized animals, sesame oil only. All animals were fed either fructose or cornstarch without added magnesium. After 14 weeks, a 24 h urine sample was collected for measurements of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and cAMP. Blood was collected for determinations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, 25-monohydroxy and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferols, oestrogen, testosterone, and parathyroid hormone. Femurs were used for measurements of bone mineral density, and tibiae, for numbers of trabeculae. Exogenous testosterone interacted with starch and magnesium deficiency to decrease serum calcium concentration significantly, which increased circulating parathyroid hormone. High circulating parathyroid hormone raised urinary cAMP and serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Increased parathyroid hormone, cAMP and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol may be responsible for bone resorption which was noted in reductions of bone mineral density and the numbers of trabeculae in the group. In contrast, exogenous oestrogen interacted with fructose and magnesium deficiency to increase serum calcium concentration which caused a reduction of circulating parathyroid. Low parathyroid hormone, reduced 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and cAMP may explain the increased bone mineral density and the numbers of trabeculae in this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Applied Health, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tae
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bourdeau
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000378:metabolism; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; C074283:estradiol 3-benzoate; D010758:Phosphorus; D005632:Fructose; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D013213:Starch; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002117:Calcitriol; D008274:Magnesium; C016131:testosterone 17 beta-cypionate; D002112:Calcifediol; D002118:Calcium