title: Influence of magnetic field strength on T2* decay and phase effects in gradient echo MRI of vertebral bone marrow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was twofold: first, to quantify the influence of magnetic field strength (B0) on T2* and T2susceptibility relaxation rates in vertebral bone marrow; and second, to determine the significance of in-phase/out-of-phase phenomena in GE MRI as a function of TEs at different B0 values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine was performed at 1.5, 1.0, and 0.2 T using a GE sequence (2D-FLASH) with variable TE. Vertebral body signal intensities were measured and plotted against TE values. These curves were used to calculate T2* decay of bone marrow at different B0 values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all field strengths, we observed exponential signal decay, modulated by a cosine function, the periodicity of which was proportional to B0. The T2* values of vertebral bodies were 9.7 +/- 1.8 ms at 1.5 T, 17.2 +/- 2.4 ms at 1.0 T, and 53 +/- 5 ms at 0.2 T. True T2 relaxation time (independent of field strength) was 62 +/- 4 ms. The T2susceptibility was 11.7 ms at 1.5 T, 24.8 ms at 1.0 T, and 585 ms at 0.2 T.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that at low B0, susceptibility effects become less important and T2* approaches true T2 relaxation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Parizel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Riet
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: van Hasselt
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Van Goethem
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van den Hauwe
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Wiechen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Schepper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics; D008433:Mathematics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted