title: The psychotropic effects of inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis in depressed patients refractory to treatment.
abstract: Twenty patients, diagnosed as suffering from treatment-resistant major depression, were treated with one or more drugs that decrease corticosteroid biosynthesis. Nine were psychotic, 11 nonpsychotic. Seventeen completed the treatment (8 psychotic, 9 nonpsychotic); 13 responded (5 psychotic, 8 nonpsychotic; 11 responded completely (i.e., a drop in the Hamilton Depression Scale of at least 50%, to < or = 15), and 2 responded partially. The mean age of the responders (45.2 +/- 12.6 years) did not differ significantly from that of the nonresponders (48.7 +/- 12/3). Data were analyzed in the following categories; (1) the presence or absence of psychosis, (2) response or nonresponse to treatment, and (3) the drug(s) used (aminoglutethimide, ketoconazole, or a combination of either of these with metyrapone). The patients improved over time on the Hamilton Depression Scale independent of the medication used. Responders demonstrated improvement in mood, insomnia, anxiety, diurnal variation, paranoia and obsessive compulsiveness. Nonpsychotics responded better than psychotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ghadirian
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Engelsmann
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Filipini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chouinard
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000616:Aminoglutethimide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008797:Metyrapone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000616:Aminoglutethimide; D007654:Ketoconazole; D008797:Metyrapone