title: Hepatocellular carcinoma: efficacy of transcatheter oily chemoembolization in relation to macroscopic and microscopic patterns of tumor growth among 100 patients with partial hepatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter oily chemoembolization (TOCE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on the basis of microscopic and macroscopic findings postembolization.
  
  
  METHODS
  HCCs ranging in size from 0.5 to 13 cm (mean 3.6 cm) were obtained from partial hepatectomies of 100 consecutive patients who had undergone TOCE between 20 and 246 days (mean 59.5 days) prior to surgery. The efficacy of TOCE was assessed on the basis of the necrotic to live cell ratio of the tumors. The microscopic pattern of tumor growth was grouped into expanding type (complete capsule formation) and replacing type (incomplete or no capsule). There were five types of macroscopic groupings: single nodule, single nodule with extranodular growth (SNE), contiguous and noncontiguous multinodular, and massive growth type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 79 cases with the expanding type, 29 (37%) had 100% HCC necrosis, but none with 100% necrosis were in the replacing type. By macroscopic grouping, the efficacy of TOCE decreased from the single nodule type (50% of patients had 100% necrosis) to the SNE type (21%), and the other types (9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TOCE appears to be most efficacious for HCC with the expanding growth pattern and HCC forming single nodules. Poor results are to be expected in HCC of replacing growth type and multinodular or massive growth types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kozuka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis
chemical_list: D007459:Iodized Oil; D004317:Doxorubicin