title: Late proptosis following orbital floor fracture repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Late proptosis is an unusual complication of orbital floor fracture repair. We report 12 cases and propose a classification scheme and differential diagnosis for this rare complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective multi-institutional case review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two tertiary referral centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report 12 cases of late proptosis following orbital floor fracture repair. Causes of late proptosis include peri-implant inflammation, capsular hemorrhage, gelatin film cyst, implant infection, sino-orbital fistula, intraorbital sinus mucocele, and carotid-cavernous fistula. We describe the treatment of each case individually; in most cases, the implant was removed. All 12 patients had a satisfactory outcome after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proptosis presenting 2 months or more after orbital floor fracture is rare. We classify the origin of late proptosis into three groups: implant, sinus, and neurovascular. We describe the diagnosis and management of this unusual complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex., USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Patrinely
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Appling
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003560:Cysts / Q000150:complications; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000150:complications; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000150:complications; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies