title: Typhim Vi vaccine against typhoid fever: a clinical trial in Kenya.
abstract: Safety, tolerance and immunogenicity of the purified Vi polysaccharide vaccine (Typhim Vi) against typhoid fever was evaluated in primary school children aged 5-15 years. A total of 435 children were vaccinated, each with a single intramuscular injection in the left deltoid muscle. One hundred and ten children were randomly selected for blood samples on day 0 (pre vaccination) and day 30 (post vaccination). Vi antibodies studied by Radio immuno assay (RIA) on 97(88%) paired sera showed a seroconversion rate of 76.2% and seroprotection rate after vaccination was 74.2%, while 6.2% of children already had protective immunity before vaccination. The vaccine was well tolerated. Most commonly reported reactions were mild pain at site of injection (83%), and a few complained of mild swelling (4.6%), induration (1.1%), itching (1.1%) and headaches (1.4%). All reactions were of mild severity and disappeared within 24 to 48 hours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Wamola
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Estambale
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mbithi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poillet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology*; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; C057664:Vi polysaccharide vaccine, typhoid; C054154:capsular polysaccharide, Salmonella