title: Does oxybutynin add to the effectiveness of prompted voiding for urinary incontinence among nursing home residents? A placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if oxybutynin, a bladder relaxant medication, adds to the effectiveness of prompted voiding (PV) in the management of urinary incontinence among nursing home residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, dose-adjusted, crossover trial of oxybutynin added along with PV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven nursing homes in Los Angeles County, California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five nursing home residents with predominantly urge incontinence, whose incontinence did not respond well to a trial of PV.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequency of incontinence, measured as the percentage of hourly (7 AM to 7 PM) physical checks over a 3-day period at which the resident was found wet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three (84%) of the residents completed the study. Among those completing the trial, the percent of checks wet went from 26.5% to 23.7% on placebo to 20.2% on active drug. These changes were statistically significant but not clinically meaningful. A clinically significant decrease in the frequency of incontinence, which we defined as a relative reduction in the percent of checks wet of > 33%, occurred in 20 subjects (32%) while on active drug and in 12 subjects (19%) while on placebo (P = .48 by chi-square). Twenty-five subjects (40%) met our "continence criteria" of an average of one or less wet per day while on active drug, and 11 subjects (18%) achieved this goal on placebo (P = .005 by chi-square).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxybutynin does not add to the clinical effectiveness of PV in the majority of nursing home residents with urge type urinary incontinence. Selected residents may, however, become more responsive to PV while on oxybutynin. Our data are consistent with other studies of bladder relaxant medications in functionally impaired populations. New drugs and/or other interventions are needed for the large number of incontinent nursing home residents who do not respond well to PV.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Multicampus Program in Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ouslander
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schnelle
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fingold
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Nigam
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tuico
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D003071:Cognition; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008333:Mandelic Acids; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010919:Placebos; C005419:oxybutynin