title: Iron overdose and detection of gastrointestinal bleeding with the hemoccult and gastroccult assays.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ability of the Hemoccult and Gastroccult tests (SmithKline Diagnostics) to detect blood in vitro in whole-bowel irrigation (WBI) solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  One tablet of ferrous gluconate 324 mg, ferrous sulfate 325 mg, or ascorbic acid 500 mg; or one Materna prenatal vitamin tablet (Lederle Laboratories) was dissolved in 30 mL of Colyte. Colyte alone and each test solution were tested with Hemoccult and Gastroccult slides, then retested at pH values of 3 and 8. Fresh solutions were then spiked with blood and tested with Gastroccult slides. Materna and ascorbic acid solutions were spiked with blood, then tested with Hemoccult slides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive results were difficult to detect on Gastroccult slides. Hemoccult slides were falsely positive for solutions containing only iron and falsely negative for blood-spiked samples containing ascorbic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the Hemoccult and Gastroccult tests may be unreliable in detecting GI bleeding in cases of iron overdose treated with WBI.
authors.affiliation: San Diego Regional Poison Control Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tunget
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Manoguerra
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Turchen
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009780:Occult Blood
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D007501:Iron; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C011819:ferrous gluconate