title: [Abdominal echography in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Diagnostic usefulness in the evaluation of associated medico-surgical pathology].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The abdominal manifestations in the patient with HIV infection are increasingly frequent. We have conducted the present study in order to determine the diagnostic usefulness of the abdominal echography in the clinical assessment of the patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review the echographic findings of 112 patients carrying the HIV with or without the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Seventy eight patients were men and 34, women, with an average age of 30 years. The main risk group was parenterally drug addiction (72%). The stage of the HIV infection was IVC1 in 41% of the cases, II in 23%, III in 13% and IVC2 in 13%. The echographic exploration was performed using a real-time echography, with a probe of 3.5 Mhz, assessing according to conventional criteria the abdominal organs and their pathology, masses and free intraabdominal fluid. The echographic characteristics were first broadly assessed in the patients from the series and later on, according to the patient's pathology. (Infectious, acute abdominal, hepatic biochemical disorders, HIV carrier-associated pathology).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 33% of the cases, the echography was normal. Hepatomegaly was the most frequent echographic sign: 56 patients (50%), followed by splenomegaly in 43 patients (38.3%), standing out the affection of the biliary and/or vesicular ductus in 7 patients (6.2%). The echographic findings were not related to the HIV infection stage, nor with the presence of hepatic biochemical disorders. However, the presence of organomegaly (hepatosplenomegaly associated or not to retroperitoneal adenopathies) were more frequent in the group with infectious complication, 33.3% vs 19.6% (p < 0.01), that in the patients without associated infectious processes. In patients with medical or surgical acute abdominal pathology, the echography was diagnostic in 9 out of 10 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the HIV patient, the echography allows an specific initial diagnostic assessment, being able in most of the patients with abdominal manifestations to diagnose the causal pathology.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Ecografía Digestiva, Hospital La Paz, Madrid.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Erdozain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González García
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pintado
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Presa
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Segura
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000006:Abdomen, Acute / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006529:Hepatomegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D013163:Splenomegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies
vernacular_title: Ecografía abdominal en el paciente con infeción por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Utilidad diagnóstica en la valoración de la patología médico-quirúrgica asociada.