title: Beta 2 glycoprotein I and placental anticoagulant protein I in placentae from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the immunohistological distribution of beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2 GPI) and placental anticoagulant protein I (PAP-I) in normal and pathological placentae of patients with antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody associated recurrent fetal loss. These proteins are 2 natural anticoagulants able to interfere with aPL antibody binding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placentae from 4 patients with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (pAPS), from 2 patients with aPL negative systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and from 7 healthy women were studied. Cryostatic placental sections were tested by indirect immunofluorescence using polyclonal anti-PAP-I and anti-beta 2GPI antisera as well as purified IgG and anti-beta 2GPI monoclonal antibody. The same tissue sections were also tested by direct immunofluorescence with FITC-F(ab)2 goat antihuman IgG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that (a) the placental distribution of PAP-I was comparable in normal and pathological specimens; (b) on the contrary, increased beta 2GPI deposition was present on the trophoblast surfaces of placentae obtained from patients with persistent raised titers of aPL antibodies. Comparable IgG deposition on villi surface was also found in aPL positive but not in control placentae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that high titer aPL binds to a beta 2GPI phospholipid complex in placentae of women with recurrent fetal loss but that a quantitative deficiency of PAP-I does not play a pathogenetic role in aPL associated fetal loss.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina Interna, Malattie Infettive & Immunopatologia, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: La Rosa
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Meroni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tincani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balestrieri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faden
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lojacono
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morassi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brocchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Del Papa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gharavi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000032:analysis*; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000032:analysis; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000737:chemistry; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D006023:Glycoproteins; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I