title: Activation of retinoid X receptors induces apoptosis in HL-60 cell lines.
abstract: Retinoids induce myeloblastic leukemia (HL-60) cells to differentiate into granulocytes, which subsequently die by apoptosis. Retinoid action is mediated through at least two classes of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors, which bind both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid, and retinoid X receptors, which bind only 9-cis retinoic acid. Using receptor-selective synthetic retinoids and HL-60 cell sublines with different retinoid responsiveness, we have investigated the contribution that each class of receptors makes to the processes of cellular differentiation and death. Our results demonstrate that ligand activation of retinoic acid receptors is sufficient to induce differentiation, whereas ligand activation of retinoid X receptors is essential for the induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Texas-Houston 77225, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Thomázy
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fésüs
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lamph
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Chandraratna
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012176:Retinoids; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D014157:Transcription Factors; C061133:tamibarotene; D014212:Tretinoin; C038864:4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid