title: Application of the maximum entropy method for evaluating phosphorus-31-magnetic resonance spectra in patients with liver metastases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical feasibility and application of the maximum entropy method for data analysis from in vivo phosphorus-31-magnetic resonance (P-31-MR) spectra of the liver were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Image-guided localized P-31-MR spectroscopy was performed in 24 patients with liver metastases and in 20 healthy volunteers. The spectra were obtained with a whole body scanner operating at 1.5 T using a surface coil. Phosphomonoester/beta-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphodiester/beta-ATP, and inorganic phosphate/beta-ATP were calculated from the maximum entropy method-spectra and from spectra evaluated with standard data processing (Fourier transformation spectra).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phosphomonoester/beta-ATP and phosphodiester/beta-ATP were increased significantly with both methods in patients' spectra. Maximum entropy method spectra showed a distinct pattern with low noise. It was easier to determine peak borders and to attach resonances to the different metabolites using this method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maximum entropy method is an alternative method for evaluation and quantification of P-31-MR spectra data and is preferred to standard data processing with Fourier transformation in cases of reduced signal-to-noise ratio of spectra.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Melchert
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dreher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brossmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tressing
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muhle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes