title: Cadmium tolerance mediated by the yeast AP-1 protein requires the presence of an ATP-binding cassette transporter-encoding gene, YCF1.
abstract: Elevations in gene dosage of the transcriptional regulatory protein yAP-1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can elicit pronounced phenotypic increases in tolerance of a variety of drugs including the toxic heavy metal cadmium. While a large elevation in cadmium tolerance occurs in response to overproduction of yAP-1, the target genes under yAP-1 control have not yet been identified that are responsible for this increase. We show here that the YCF1 gene, encoding a likely integral membrane protein, is required for yAP-1 to exert its normal effects on cadmium tolerance. Mutant strains of yeast that lack the YCF1 gene are hypersensitive to cadmium and this hypersensitivity is epistatic to yAP-1 overexpression. YCF1 mRNA levels and the expression of a YCF1-lacZ reporter construct positively correlates with changes in YAP1 gene dosage. A set of 5' truncation derivatives of the YCF1-lacZ fusion gene identified the region from -201 to +47 as being sufficient for the yAP-1-dependent increase in expression. DNase I footprinting using a probe from this segment of the YCF1 promoter showed that bacterially-produced yAP-1 protein was capable of binding a novel DNA element we have designated the yAP-1 response element. Insertion of the yAP-1 response element upstream of a CYC1-lacZ gene fusion led to the production of beta-galactosidase in a yAP-1-dependent fashion. These data establish that an important physiological target of yAP-1 transcriptional regulation is the YCF1 structural gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wemmie
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Szczypka
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Moye-Rowley
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001483:Base Sequence; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018628:Gene Dosage; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C089179:YCF1 protein, S cerevisiae; D002104:Cadmium