title: Esophagitis in Sprague-Dawley rats is mediated by free radicals.
abstract: Free radical-mediated esophagitis was studied during duodenogastroesophageal reflux (mixed reflux) or acid reflux in rats. The influence of reflux on esophageal glutathione levels was also examined. Mixed reflux caused more gross mucosal injury than acid reflux. Gross mucosal injury occurred in the mid-esophagus. Total glutathione (GSH) in the esophageal mucosa of control rats was highest in the distal esophagus. The time course of esophageal GSH in rats treated by mixed reflux showed a significant decrease 4 hr after initiation of reflux, followed by a significant increase from the 12th hour on. Mucosal GSH was increased in both reflux groups after 24 hr but significantly more so in the mixed than in the acid reflux group. The free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevented esophagitis and was associated with decreased GSH levels. GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) prevented esophagitis and stimulated SOD production in the esophageal mucosa. It is concluded that gastroesophageal reflux is associated with oxidative stress in the esophageal mucosa. The lower GSH levels in the mid-esophagus may predispose to damage in this area. Duodenogastroesophageal reflux causes more damage than pure acid reflux. Oxidative stress leads to GSH depletion of the esophageal mucosa in the first few hours following damage but then stimulates GSH production. GSH depletion by BSO does not worsen esophagitis since it increases the esophageal SOD concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wetscher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perdikis
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kretchmar
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Stinson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Redmond
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Adrian
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hinder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004947:Esophagus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione