title: Imaging evaluation of breast-feeding and bottle-feeding systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare infant sucking and swallowing patterns during feeding with a new artificial nipple and during breast-feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen healthy, term infants were fed successfully for 1 week with use of the new tricut nipple; then each infant's oral cavity was examined during feeding by using real-time ultrasonography. Measurements of nipple length and compression were made, together with observations concerning the integrity of the seal formed by the infant's mouth around the nipple. These data were compared with similar data from previous studies of 16 breast-fed infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although no artificial feeding system exactly simulates breast-feeding, the new tricut nipple was sucked in a manner similar to the way the human nipple is sucked and delivered milk posteriorly to the foramen cecum region of the tongue, just as the breast does.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although further studies are necessary, to evaluate other characteristics of the new tricut nipple, the measurements from this investigation are useful additions to the ultrasound data these investigators have accumulated on various artificial feeding systems. These data may also prove helpful in determining the most appropriate nipples for infants with various feeding disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry DSB-S-204, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erenberg
mesh_terms: D001903:Bottle Feeding; D001942:Breast Feeding; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009055:Mouth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013391:Sucking Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography