title: Bronchodilator pretreatment improves aerosol deposition uniformity in HIV-positive patients who cough while inhaling aerosolized pentamidine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of bronchodilator pretreatment on deposition uniformity of aerosolized pentamidine (AP) in HIV-positive patients who coughed while inhaling AP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandomized control trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten HIV-positive patients who were using AP prophylactically.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients who coughed during AP administration were pretreated with 10 mg metaproterenol aerosol prior to a second inhalation of AP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skew, a measure of overall deposition symmetry, deposition in the apex vs the base of the right lung (A:B ratio), and percentage of change from baseline in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the average (+/- SD) skew value for four subjects who coughed (0.89 +/- 0.19) was significantly higher than for six control subjects (0.58 +/- 0.07) (p < 0.01), indicating enhanced nonuniformity of AP distribution. After bronchodilator, no one coughed and the average skew value was normalized to 0.57 +/- 0.13. The A:B ratios at baseline and after metaproterenol were not significantly different, suggesting that deposition of AP in the apex, relative to basal deposition, was not enhanced by bronchodilator treatment. When no bronchodilator was administered, average PEFR decreased to 330 +/- 162 from baseline (410 +/- 84). Average PEFR increased to 429 +/- 85 from baseline (395 +/- 116) after bronchodilator pretreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that in addition to relieving cough in patients receiving AP prophylactically, pretreatment with metaproterenol enhances uniformity of distribution of AP and improves PEFR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Laube
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D009921:Metaproterenol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D009921:Metaproterenol; D010419:Pentamidine