title: Assessment of dose and risk to the body following conventional and spiral computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most frequently used examination procedures in diagnostic radiology and the dose given to the patients is higher than in general radiographic procedures. In this study LiF chip thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) were placed in each relative organ or tissue position, including head, chest and abdomen, in a Rando phantom. CT was performed using both conventional and spiral modes, and effective dose and effective dose equivalent were assessed for each organ or tissue scanned.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TLD reader used in this experiment was controlled at a nitrogen flow rate of 450 ml/min, preheat time of 14 seconds, reading time of 16 seconds and annealing time of 16 seconds. This CT scanner can be used to perform both conventional and spiral tomography. Operating conditions for spiral tomography were 120 kV, 80 mA for scout film, and 120 kV, 200 mA, 1 sec/slice for each scanning. However, for conventional tomography, the operating conditions were 120 kV, 80 mA for scout film and 120 kV, 160 mA, 1.5 sec/slice for each scanning. These operating conditions are satisfactory to most clinical applications, and therefore were adopted for the present studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that, in both effective dose and effective dose and effective dose equivalent, conventional tomography was higher than spiral tomography. The average effective doses for each part were measured to be 1.89 and 4.95 mSv for the head, 30.01 and 40.65 mSv for the chest, and 12.85 and 19.62 mSv for the abdomen of spiral and conventional CT, respectively. Higher carcinogenic risk was assessed in organs such as liver, lung, stomach and bone marrow, other organs had a relatively lower incidence of risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main purpose of this study was to obtain distribution values of effective dose and effective dose equivalent, and to know the probability of carcinogenic effect upon each organ or tissue after CT scanning. Results showed the average effective dose for spiral CT to be less than conventional CT, and the dose in the body surface was generally lower than the dose in the central region.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiologic Science and Technology, School of Medical Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lien
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012306:Risk; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods