title: Balloon angioplasty of the femoro-popliteal segment: follow up results from southern India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disease of the femoral and popliteal arteries, though one of the commonest manifestations of atherosclerosis, is under-recognized because the morbidity it produces is less catastrophic than coronary or cerebrovascular arterial involvement. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is performed for femoro-popliteal lesions at different centres in India, but post-angioplasty follow up data are scarce. We present our results after femoro-popliteal balloon angioplasty in 140 lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1986 and 1993, 140 femoro-popliteal angioplasties were performed in 119 patients with symptomatic limb ischaemia. Seventy-one per cent of patients had claudication and the others also had tissue loss. Eighty-two per cent of the lesions were occlusions. The average length of the lesions was 10.7 cm. Conventional wire-balloon angioplasty was performed in 128 lesions; in 12 others, laser-assisted balloon angioplasty was performed using an Nd-YAG laser thermal probe. Patients were followed up at regular intervals for any recurrence of symptoms and for objective evidence of restenosis or re-occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite a technical success in 83% of the lesions, cumulative primary patency calculated by the life-table method showed a slow decline which plateaued at 40% after 36 months. Long occlusions and multifocal stenoses showed shorter cumulative patency following angioplasty (27 months and 5.8 months respectively). Extensive luminal irregularity due to post-angioplasty intimal flaps was reduced by using warm contrast for balloon dilatation in 16 patients. In 14 patients who had repeat angioplasty for restenosis, the secondary patency showed a satisfactory figure of 84% at 60 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is a satisfactory alternative to surgery in femoro-popliteal stenotic or occlusive disease. Regular follow up of such patients is essential in the first three years because re-occlusion can occur. We found that patency remained fairly constant after 36 months. Repeated angioplasty can maintain patency in patients with restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Unni
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Mandalam
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unnikrishnan
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Neelakandhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011150:Popliteal Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D014654:Vascular Patency