title: Therapy program for patients with advanced stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Chlorambucil, splenectomy, and total lymph node irradiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is variable. Staging systems define high risk groups, such as patients with Rai's Stage III and IV and Binet's stage C disease, as having a poor overall median survival. Most combination therapy programs have resulted in similar results. Chlorambucil remains the most commonly used drug, and new drugs, such as fludarabine, are promising.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients with poor prognosis CLL (Stage III and IV) underwent chlorambucil treatment at a high intermittent dose. When Stage 0 was obtained, patients were considered responders and kept under surveillance. When the patients stopped responding after one or several courses of chlorambucil, further therapy was performed, including splenectomy (29 patients) and total lymph node irradiation (9 of the 29 splenectomized patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall median survival was 60 months. Thrombocytopenia and anemia were resolved in 55% and 82% of the patients, respectively, after chlorambucil therapy and in 85% and 100%, respectively, after splenectomy. Complications occurred in 34% of the splenectomized population. Total lymph node irradiation was poorly tolerated in 66% of the patients. When this analysis was performed, 24 patients were classified as having Stage 0 disease with no disease progression for a mean of 21 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapy programs allowing the selection of responders by the successive use of high intermittent dose chlorambucil and splenectomy may be beneficial in treating patients with advanced stage CLL. Because of its toxicity, total lymph node irradiation has no significant therapeutic effect.
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology of the University Hospital, Albert Michallon, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pegourie-Bandelier
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sotto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hollard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bolla
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarrazin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002699:Chlorambucil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013156:Splenectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002699:Chlorambucil