title: Peripheral bronchopleural fistula: CT evaluation in 20 patients with pneumonia, empyema, or postoperative air leak.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the usefulness of standard and thin-section computed tomography (CT) in the examination of patients with possible bronchopleural fistulas (BPFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with known or suspected BPFs underwent CT. Twelve had pleural air and fluid collections; eight had air leaks. Fourteen patients also underwent thin-section CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BPF or its probable cause was visualized in all patients with air and fluid collections and in two of the patients with air leaks. BPFs due to bronchiectasis, necrotizing pneumonia, or alveolar cell carcinoma were identified in 10 patients. In four others, bronchiectasis was seen but the actual communication was not. In seven patients with postoperative air leaks, standard or thin-section CT demonstrated the air-leak source in only one. Thin-section CT was superior to standard CT in six of eight patients in whom the BPF or its probable cause was visible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard and thin-section CT are useful in the diagnosis and management of peripheral BPFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital of Saint Raphael, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Westcott
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001983:Bronchial Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000601:surgery; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed