title: [Intravenous anesthesia using propofol during lengthy neurosurgical interventions].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the hemodynamic stability and time to recovery of consciousness after long-duration (> 3 h) neurosurgery with 2 anesthetic protocols: total intravenous anesthesia with propofol as the single hypnotic agent and inhalational anesthesia with isoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 58 middle-aged patients (range 40-50 years) scheduled for intracranial surgery. The patients, who all scored over 13 on the Glasgow coma scale before surgery, were randomly divided into two groups: 27 in group I received isoflurane and 31 in group II received propofol. Anesthetic induction was with sodium thiopental 4 mg/kg i.v. in group I and with propofol 2.5 mg/kg i.v. in group II. Both groups then received fentanyl 2 micrograms/kg i.v., lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg i.v. and vecuronium 0.2 mg/kg i.v. Before placement of the Mayfield head grip, with clamps, or before start of surgery in those cases in which the head grip was not used, all patients were given a 3 micrograms/kg i.v. dose of fentanyl. Hypnosis was maintained in group I with concentrations of isoflurane that were adequate for keeping minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) between 0.6 and 1. In group II maintenance was by continuous i.v. perfusion of propofol 10 mg/kg/h for 30 min., followed by 8 mg/kg/h for 30 min. and 6 mg/kg/h until the end of surgery. N2O was never used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After induction systolic and mean arterial pressures (SAP and MAP) decreased significantly in both groups in comparison with baseline values (SAP: 113.1 +/- 30.0 vs. 140.9 +/- 27.08 mmHg in group I and 109.6 +/- 22.1 vs. 135.0 +/- 19.7 mmHg in group II; MAP: 76.8 +/- 18.7 vs. 95.6 +/- 17.0 mmHg in group I and 74.9 +/- 13.2 vs. 93.4 +/- 13.7 mmHg in group II). The patients in group II showed less tendency to develop arterial hypertension in response to orotracheal intubation (SAP and MAP at the moment of intubation: 156.4 +/- 33.7 and 104.6 +/- 18.1 mmHg, respectively, in group I as compared to 135.1 +/- 31.2 and 93.5 +/- 22.4 mmHg in group II; p < 0.05 between the 2 groups and p < 0.05 for the baseline and intubation pressures in group I). Time to recovery of effective, spontaneous breathing was shorter in group I (5.9 +/- 4.9 and 8.9 +/- 5.7 min.) than in group II (10.9 +/- 9.6 and 13.0 +/- 7.4 min.) and tubes could be extracted earlier from patients in the isoflurane group (10.4 +/- 6.1 min. vs. 17.6 +/- 12.8 min.; p < 0.01). We found no differences between the 2 groups for time until eye opening, response to verbal orders or time until start of spontaneous movement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol can be considered an alternative to the traditional thiopental-isoflurane sequence in neurosurgery lasting more than 3 h. In our study the hypertensive response to the stimulus of orotracheal intubation was lower in the propofol group than in the thiopental-isoflurane group.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fábregas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soley
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nalda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009493:Neurosurgery; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D013874:Thiopental; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007530:Isoflurane; D013874:Thiopental; D015742:Propofol
vernacular_title: Anestesia intravenosa con propofol en intervenciones neuroquirúrgicas de larga duración.