title: In vivo D2 dopamine receptor density in psychotic and nonpsychotic patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prior positron emission tomographic study from The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md, using N-methylspiperone labeled with carbon 11 reported elevated basal ganglia D2 dopamine receptor density (Bmax) values in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients compared with controls. We have now extended these studies to include patients with bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with bipolar disorder (n = 14) either had never received neuroleptic medication or had been neuroleptic-free for more than 6 months, and they met DSM-III criteria for currently symptomatic affective disorder. Patients with bipolar disorder were compared with matched schizophrenic patients and normal controls. All received two positron emission tomographic scans, the second of which was preceded by oral administration of haloperidol lactate, to permit the calculation of D2 dopamine receptor Bmax.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnostic groups differed in Bmax by analysis of variance (P < .0001); post hoc tests showed higher Bmax values for psychotic patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenic patients compared with normal controls and for schizophrenic patients and psychotic patients with bipolar disorder compared with nonpsychotic patients with bipolar disorder. Among patients with bipolar disorder, Bmax values correlated significantly with the severity of psychotic symptoms (r = .63) on the Present State Examination but not with the severity of nonpsychotic mood symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that, like schizophrenic patients, patients with psychotic bipolar disorder have elevations of D2 dopamine receptor Bmax values and that such elevations in affective disorder are more closely associated with the presence of psychosis than with mood abnormality. Elevations in dopamine receptor values thus may occur in psychiatric states that are characterized by psychotic symptoms rather than being specific to schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pearlson
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Tune
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Links
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Dannals
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Ravert
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D011699:Putamen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D013134:Spiperone / Q000378:metabolism; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D013134:Spiperone; D006220:Haloperidol