title: Cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal assignment of the mouse Apex gene.
abstract: APEX nuclease (Apex gene product) is a mammalian multifunctional DNA repair enzyme possibly involved in the repair of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites and single-strand DNA breaks with 3' termini blocked by nucleotide fragments and also in transcriptional regulation via redox activation of the AP-1 transcription factors. We cloned a 15-kb DNA fragment containing the Apex gene from a mouse leukocyte genomic library and determined a 4-kb stretch of its nucleotide sequence, including the complete sequence of the mouse Apex gene. The gene consists of 5 exons and 4 introns spanning 2.21 kb, and the boundaries between exons and introns follow the GT/AG rule. Two major and one minor transcription initiation sites were assigned to positions +1 and +24 and position +14, respectively, by a combination of ribonuclease protection, primer extension, and 5' RACE analyses. Position +1 is located 312 nucleotides upstream from the ATG initiation codon. The translation initiation and termination sites are located in exon II and exon V, respectively. The sequenced 5' flanking region (1.32 kb) lacks a typical TATA box, but contains a CAAT box and putative binding sites for several transcription factors, such as ATF, NF-IL6, Sp1, and AP2. The 0.8-kb region from position -410 (5' flanking region) to position +386 (intron II) contains a CpG island. The Apex gene locus was mapped to mouse chromosome 14C2-D1 using in situ hybridization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D019757:Carbon-Oxygen Lyases; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics*; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; D019757:Carbon-Oxygen Lyases; C085108:APEX1 protein, human; C486216:Apex1 protein, mouse; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase