title: Long term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with high doses of intravenous immunoglobulins: effects on disease activity and serum cytokines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of long term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with high doses of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with active RA and prior unsuccessful treatment with at least one slow acting antirheumatic drug were treated with 400 mg/kg of IVIg for the first three days and then once a month for 12 months. Clinical evaluation and laboratory analysis were performed every month. Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) were measured at baseline and at three monthly intervals for 15 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although laboratory parameters were not influenced by the treatment, a late but significant clinical improvement was observed after six months. Serial measurement of cytokines revealed a rapid and persistent decrease in serum TNF alpha and a late and significant reduction in sIL-2R concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that IVIg can ameliorate the symptoms and improve the functional capability of RA patients. This effect is associated with a partial modulation of serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and, more interestingly, with a late decrease in sIL-2R which correlated with the late reduction in disease activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Internal Medicine and Oncological Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muscat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertotto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ercolani
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bistoni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agea
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cesarotti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fiorucci
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spinozzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma