title: No evidence for a chronic effect of smoking on energy expenditure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether effects of smoking on energy expenditure (EE) extend chronically beyond smoking the last cigarette.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight subjects (5M,3F) were studied over three consecutive months, after smoking as normal (S) on 1-3 occasions, and after not smoking for 4-8 weeks (NS) on 1-2 occasions. On each occasion subjects underwent one 32-h measurement of EE in a respiration chamber (8-h overnight plus a 24-h day, with no smoking in the chamber) and one measure of basal metabolic rate (BMR) on exit from the chamber. Statistical differences were determined using paired t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between S and NS for any of the EE measures, either including (n = 8) or excluding (n = 5) three subjects whose urinary cotinine excretions suggested failure to stop smoking during NS. For S and NS (N = 5) respectively, overnight EEs during the first night in the respiration chamber were 2.08 +/- 0.38 and 2.10 +/- 0.42 MJ/8-h; 24-h EEs during 12-36 hours after the last cigarette were 8.38 +/- 1.6 and 8.24 +/- 1.34 MJ/day, and BMRs were 6.51 +/- 1.21 and 6.50 +/- 1.07 MJ/day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence for a chronic effect of smoking on EE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Nutrition, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Warwick
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Edmundson
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Thomson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003367:Cotinine