title: Effect of group B streptococcal meningitis on retinal and choroidal blood flow in newborn pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of group B streptococcal (GBS) meningitis on retinal blood flow (RetBF) and choroidal blood flow (ChBF) autoregulation in sedated newborn piglets (1 to 5 days of age).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen study animals injected with 0.5 ml heat-killed GBS (10(9)) were compared to 10 control animals injected with 0.5 ml saline. The site of injection for both groups was the cerebral lateral ventricles. RetBF and ChBF were measured by radioactive microspheres (141Ce, 51Cr, 113Sn, 85Sr, 95Nb, 46Sc) over a mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) range of 20 to 150 mm Hg. Hypertension and hypotension were induced 2 hours apart in random sequence on each animal by inflating balloon-tipped catheters placed at the descending aorta and the aortic root, respectively. RetBF and ChBF were measured 15 minutes before and after injection of GBS or saline (baseline) and during hypotension or hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifth-order polynomial regression analyses of RetBF and ChBF (ml/100 g per minute) versus MABP showed that in control animals, blood flows were constant at MABP of 60 to 110 mm Hg for RetBF and was pressure passive above and below these ranges. However, no autoregulation was observed for ChBF throughout the MABP range. In contrast, RetBF of GBS-treated animals increased with increasing blood pressure throughout range of MABP studied, and absence of autoregulation was maintained in the choroid. Vascular resistance (mm Hg/ml per minute/100 g) increased as MABP was raised to maintain constant flow and was correlated linearly with MABP at 60 to 110 mm Hg (r = 0.6682, P = 0.0003) in RetBF of control animals but not in GBS-treated animals (r = -0.291, P = NS). Vascular resistance did not change with MABP for ChBF of control animals (r = -0.264, P = NS) but decreased as MABP was raised in GBS-treated animals (r = -0.548, P < 0.0001). GBS did not alter oxygen delivery, which varied directly with MABP in control animals (RetBF: r = 0.74, P < 0.001; ChBF: r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and in GBS-treated animals (RetBF: r = 0.55, P < 0.001; ChBF: r = 0.68, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group B streptococcal meningitis significantly impairs eye blood flow autoregulation and may contribute to increased risk of retinal damage in infants with meningitis.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Miller Children's Hospital, Long Beach, California, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bottoli
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beharry
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Modanlou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Noya
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Aranda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001921:Brain / Q000382:microbiology; D002404:Catheterization; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006706:Homeostasis; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007022:Hypotension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008863:Microspheres; D011897:Random Allocation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000254:growth & development; D013552:Swine