title: PSM-R: Revised Optimism-Pessimism Scale for the MMPI-2 and MMPI.
abstract: The Revised Optimism-Pessimism (PSM-R) scale was developed for use with either the MMPI-2 or the MMPI. The scale measures explanatory style on a continuum from optimistic to pessimistic by using 263 MMPI items of the original 298-item Optimism-Pessimism (PSM) scale. These 263 items are common to both the MMPI-2 and MMPI. PSM-R norms are based on a random sample of 1,408 normal adults who also were used for developing norms for the original PSM scale. Reliability estimates (.93 for men; .94 for women) indicate that the PSM-R scale is as accurate as the original PSM scale.
authors.affiliation: Section of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malinchoc
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Offord
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Colligan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008950:MMPI / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012938:Social Perception