title: Behavioral compliance with dialysis prescription in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: The relationship between compliance and outcome is poorly understood, partially because there has been no gold standard for measuring compliance in hemodialysis patients. To investigate interrelationships between psychological, medical, and compliance factors, hemodialysis (HD) patients were studied with the Beck Depression Inventory, and a subset, the Cognitive Depression Index, the Perception of Illness Effects scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Behavioral compliance was measured in three ways: (1) percent time compliance (signifying "shortening behavior"); (2) percent attendance (signifying "skipping behavior) (3) percent total time compliance, assessing patients' time on dialysis normalized for prescribed time, including all shortenings and absences. Standard compliance indicators (predialysis serum potassium and phosphorus concentrations and interdialytic weight gain) were also analyzed. The patients' mean Beck Depression Inventory was in the range of mild depression. The prevalence of depression was 25.5%. Both depression indices correlated with Perception of Illness Effects scale scores. In general, social support was related to both measures of depression and perception of illness effects. Total time compliance was 95.8 +/- 5.0%. Younger patients were more likely to skip treatments compared with older patients. Time compliance comprised a wide spectrum, with most patients relatively compliant, whereas a small proportion received far less than their prescribed dialysis. Skipping and shortening behaviors did not correlate, suggesting that these constitute two separate types of noncompliant behaviors. Time compliance parameters did not correlate with potassium levels or interdialytic weight gain, but did correlate with phosphorus levels. Interrelationships between behavioral compliance measures and other parameters varied between units and patients of different gender. Finally, behavioral compliance patterns were stable over months in patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kimmel
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Weihs
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Simmens
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verme
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Umana
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Veis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alleyne
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010555:Personality Inventory; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires