title: The effect of artificial tears on computer-assisted corneal topography in normal eyes and after penetrating keratoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of adding artificial tears for one minute to normal eyes and eyes that have undergone keratoplasty by using computer-assisted videokeratography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively analyzed 24 normal corneas (24 patients) chosen by random number table (reproducibility section [10 eyes], tear section [14 eyes]) as well as 14 postkeratoplasty corneas. The parametric descriptors analyzed statistically included the simulated keratometry value, surface asymmetry index, surface regularity index, power at the vertex normal, and the pupil offsets from the visual axis. Vectoral analysis was used to calculate the difference in power and axis between the simulated keratometry values before and after tear instillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal eyes, tear instillation increased the surface asymmetry index (0.28 +/- 0.34, P = .01), changed the simulated keratometry value (0.23 diopter by 27.8 degrees), and power (0.79 +/- 0.82 diopters, P = .004) and location (0.91 +/- 0.76 mm) of the steepest point of the cornea changed. In postkeratoplasty eyes, the surface regularity index decreased (0.49 +/- 0.80, P = .04), surface asymmetry index decreased (0.37 +/- 1.03, P = .21), mean simulated keratometry value changed (1.04 diopters by 1.01 degrees), and power (0.70 +/- 2.34 diopters, P = .28) and location (1.04 +/- 1.17 mm) of the steepest point of the cornea changed. Changes were greater than the variability of the surface regularity index (0.07 +/- 0.05), surface asymmetry index (0.04 +/- 0.03), simulated keratometry value power (0.08 +/- 0.06 diopter), and axis (4.6 +/- 5 degrees).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of artificial tears to normal or regular and symmetric eyes that have undergone keratoplasty worsened symmetry and changed the power and location of the steepest point. However, the addition of artificial tears to irregular eyes that have undergone penetrating keratoplasty created a more regular and symmetric surface and significantly altered the simulated keratometry values. We recommend that corneal topography be performed before the application of artificial tears.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Pavlopoulos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions