title: Analysis of particle size generated during plaque ablation with a flashlamp pumped pulsed dye laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine debris size generated during in vitro plaque ablation by laser energy and estimate the risk of peripheral embolization following laser angioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A flashlamp pumped pulsed dye laser of 480-nm wavelength was used to ablate calcified arteriosclerotic plaque, fibrous fatty plaque, and normal aortic wall on samples of human cadaver aortas. Each tissue sample was immersed in saline solution and treated with the same amounts of laser energy transmitted by a 320 microns-diameter glass fiber in direct tissue contact. The debris generated during plaque ablation was then separated from the supernatant and the particles were counted and analyzed for size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depending on the underlying type of tissue and the setting of laser energy, a wide range of particles with sizes between 5.3 mm2 and 64 microns 2 was found in samples. The largest particles were found after ablation of calcified atherosclerotic plaque, whereas fibrous, fatty plaque and normal aortic wall showed smaller particles and a lesser amount of debris.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that a considerable amount of debris is generated during laser angioplasty at 480 nm and that particle size is sufficient to cause potentially symptomatic embolic occlusions of mid- and small-sized peripheral arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Froelich
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Möckel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azumi
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Barth
mesh_terms: D016342:Angioplasty, Laser / Q000009:adverse effects; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017700:Embolism, Cholesterol / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors