title: Food deprivation increases bacterial translocation after non-lethal haemorrhage in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether brief fasting before the induction of hypotension by non-lethal haemorrhage may induce translocation of enteric bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes or blood in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  University departments of surgery and microbiology, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  39 Male Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 animals were fasted for 24 hours, all 39 then underwent controlled haemorrhage for 60 minutes that reduced the blood pressure to 55 mm Hg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in blood loss, blood glucose concentrations, and packed cell volume; and aerobic cultures of mesenteric lymph nodes and blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasted rats (n = 20) lost 2.3% of blood volume compared with 2.8% in fed rats (p < 0.001). Packed cell volume dropped by 11.3% in fasted rats and 16.5% in fed rats (p < 0.001). Glucose concentrations rose by 7.0 mmol/l in fasted rats compared with 21.0 mmol/l in fed rats (p < 0.001). Mesenteric lymph nodes contained enteric bacteria in 14/20 fasted rats compared with 6/19 fed rats (p < 0.05). In 4 fasted rats blood cultures grew pathogenic bacteria compared with no fed rats (p = 0.11). The number of bacteria found in mesenteric lymph nodes was significantly greater in fasted than in fed rats (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brief fasting before hypotension caused by non-lethal haemorrhage was associated with significantly increased bacterial translocation compared with fed animals. Increases in blood glucose concentrations and plasma refill may have had a protective effect in fed rats. These experiments may be of clinical relevance as elective operations are usually preceded by overnight fasting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bark
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katouli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Svenberg
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ljungqvist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D001810:Blood Volume; D001815:Bloodletting; D005215:Fasting; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality; D007022:Hypotension; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000382:microbiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley