title: Anticonvulsants attenuate amyloid beta-peptide neurotoxicity, Ca2+ deregulation, and cytoskeletal pathology.
abstract: Increasing evidence supports the involvement of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) and an excitotoxic mechanism of neuronal injury in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, approaches aimed at preventing A beta toxicity and neurofibrillary degeneration are undeveloped. We now report that anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin, and valproic acid) can protect cultured rat hippocampal neurons against A beta- and glutamate-induced injury. Each of the anticonvulsants attenuated the elevation of intracellular free calcium levels [(Ca2+)i] elicited by A beta or glutamate suggesting that their neuroprotective mechanism of action involved stabilization of [Ca2+]i. These compounds were effective at clinically relevant concentrations (carbamazepine, 100 nM-10 microM; phenytoin, 100 nM-1 microM; valproic acid, 100 nM-100 microM). The anticonvulsants suppressed glutamate-induced alterations in tau and buiquitin immunoreactivities. Compounds that stabilize [Ca2+]i may afford protection against the kinds of insults believed to underlie neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Research Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ashford
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mattson
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D016257:Fura-2; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D014452:Ubiquitins; D016875:tau Proteins; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2