title: Analysis of the cost of training residents in a community health center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently one federal program funds community health centers (CHCs) to provide services in underserved communities, and a second supports development of primary care teaching programs. Teaching CHCs respond to both program's goals, but their development is hindered by restrictive regulations of the two programs and lack of information regarding cost.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spreadsheet software was used to develop a model that allocates cost components of a CHC-based residency. Productivity and staffing data from a teaching CHC program were used to estimate the cost of training and its sensitivity to selected variables. Data from 1992 through 1994 were collected from the family practice residency sponsored by the Brown University School of Medicine, the Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, and the Blackstone Valley Community Health Center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An educational supplement of $13.21 per visit would be required for the program to be cost-neutral relative to staff. The cost of outpatient training for a resident averaged $13,935 per year. Residents would "break even" if they saw patients at 19% above the average rate recommended by the residency review committee. If staff physicians instead of residents had provided the patient care, the CHC would have saved $6,171 per resident. Additional savings from improved physician recruiting and decreased turnover would increase the value of the program to the CHC. Cost was most sensitive to resident productivity, precepting arrangements, nursing staff support, and staff turnover.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Developing graduate medical education programs in CHCs can be a cost-effective way of increasing the pool of appropriately trained primary care physicians and increasing health care access for underserved populations. If teaching CHCs are to expand, provisions will need to be made for adequate reimbursement of their costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Culpepper
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shea
mesh_terms: D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003361:Cost Allocation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000191:economics*; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000191:economics*; D018803:Models, Economic; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity