title: Transorbital color Doppler flow imaging of the carotid siphon and major arteries at the base of the brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and evaluate an application of sonography, transorbital color Doppler flow imaging of the carotid siphon and major intracranial arteries, and to compare it with transtemporal color Doppler flow imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  The carotid siphon and major arteries at the base of the brain of 50 healthy volunteers were screened using the transorbital color Doppler flow sonography. These arteries were also studied by a transtemporal approach for comparison. In 5 volunteers, MR images in special inclination planes were obtained and compared with the transorbital color-coded Doppler flow images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The B-mode image of the orbit and intracranial anatomic structures, in addition to the color-coded flow images, provided an unambiguous identification of the carotid siphon and major intracranial arteries. The failure rate was lower when using the transorbital approach than when using the transtemporal approach in identifying the anterior cerebral artery (17% versus 32%). Color Doppler flow imaging using the transtemporal approach was better for the middle cerebral artery, whereas color Doppler flow imaging using the transorbital approach was better for the anterior cerebral artery (contralateral). The Doppler incident angles using the transorbital approach were better for the carotid siphon and anterior cerebral artery (contralateral).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transorbital color Doppler flow imaging, when used in conjunction with the transtemporal examination, can add information concerning the major arteries at the base of the brain.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Yang-Ming Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Y O
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Luk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply*; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial