title: Antiproliferative actions of 7-substituted 1,3-dihydroxyacridones; possible involvement of DNA topoisomerase II and protein kinase C as biochemical targets.
abstract: 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydroxyacridone (1) reversibly inhibited growth of KB and vero cell lines with IC50's of 35 and 40 microM, respectively, and a topoisomerase II-mediated multidrug resistant KB sub-clone was found to be about three-fold more susceptible to 1. In contrast, two cell lines of lymphoid origin were killed following treatments with 60 microM and at higher concentrations of 1. KB cell growth inhibition correlated with a rapid, reversible suppression of thymidine incorporation. Uridine but not leucine incorporation was also rapidly suppressed. The in vitro activities of DNA topoisomerase II and novel protein kinase C-subtype delta were inhibited at effective concentrations in tissue-culture, but 1 did not stimulate intracellular protein-associated DNA breaks nor interfere initially with topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage in KB cells. In addition to antiproliferative effects against cells, the compound was weakly virustatic for herpes simplex virus type I with an IC50 of 8 microM. Limited studies comparing three 1-congeners and citpressine-I, an acridone alkaloid with reported antiherpes activity, demonstrated that 7-substituted 1,3-dihydroxyacridones are novel antiproliferative agents which share similar biological and biochemical properties.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Bastow
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoigawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwada
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Bori
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ballas
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000166:Acridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007624:KB Cells; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: C094233:7-chloro-1,3-dihydroxyacridone; D000166:Acridines; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D004247:DNA; D011493:Protein Kinase C