title: Methodology for retinal photography and assessment of diabetic retinopathy: the EURODIAB IDDM complications study.
abstract: We present the methodology for 45 degrees retinal photography and detail the development, application and validation of a new system of 45 degrees field grading standards for the assessment of diabetic retinopathy. The systems were developed for the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study, part of a European Community funded Concerted Action Programme into the epidemiology and prevention of diabetes (EURODIAB). Assessment of diabetic retinopathy was carried out centrally by a trained reader of colour retinal photographs using the newly-developed system. The system proved to be acceptably accurate, repeatable repeatable and relatively simple to apply. It compared well with the recognised 'gold standard' 7-field 30 degrees stereo photography (assessed using a modified Airlie House classification scheme), against which the new system was validated in a series of 48 eyes. Selection was as a stratified random sample based on clinical retinopathy status: 5, no retinopathy; 25, non-proliferative retinopathy; 16, proliferative or photocoagulated; plus 2, eyes with potentially confounding lesions (vein occlusion). Simple presence of retinal lesions was correctly detected by both systems in 43 of the 48 eyes, giving 100% agreement on detection. Both systems correctly identified the two known cases of confounding vein occlusion. In eyes with diabetic retinopathy (n = 41), when severity was expressed in three groups: mild background, moderate/severe background and proliferative/photocoagulated, at least one grader (out of five) using the new system matched the verified results in 38 out of 31 (93%) eyes and three or more graders matched in 31 (76%) eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Aldington
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kohner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meuer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sjølie
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005060:Europe; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012160:Retina