title: Muscle-derived neurotrophin-4 as an activity-dependent trophic signal for adult motor neurons.
abstract: The production of neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) in rat skeletal muscle was found to depend on muscle activity. The amounts of NT-4 messenger RNA present decreased after blockade of neuromuscular transmission with alpha-bungarotoxin and increased during postnatal development and after electrical stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. NT-4 immunoreactivity was detected in slow, type I muscle fibers. Intramuscular administration of NT-4 induced sprouting of intact adult motor nerves. Thus, muscle-derived NT-4 acted as an activity-dependent neurotrophic signal for growth and remodeling of adult motor neuron innervation. NT-4 may thus be partly responsible for the effects of exercise and electrical stimulation on neuromuscular performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funakoshi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belluardo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casabona
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002038:Bungarotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D024510:Muscle Development; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000737:chemistry; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor; D020813:Receptor, trkB; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D002038:Bungarotoxins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020813:Receptor, trkB; C073922:neurotrophin 4