title: Anesthesia for stereotactic radiosurgery in children.
abstract: The development of stereotactic radiosurgery has been a major advance in the treatment of intracranial lesions. By using a stereotactic head frame attached to the skull, large doses of radiation can be delivered precisely to the lesion while sparing surrounding tissues. Although adults can usually undergo this procedure with local anesthesia or conscious sedation alone, children frequently require general anesthesia. This report describes our experience with the anesthetic management of all children who have received this therapy at our institution since the inception of our stereotactic radiosurgery program in 1986 through June 1993. Sixty-eight radiosurgery procedures were performed in 65 patients. Anesthesia time averaged 9.2 h (range, 7-15). Twenty-two patients (ages 11-17; mean 14.3) received local anesthesia alone, two patients (ages 11 and 15) received local anesthesia plus i.v. sedation, and 44 patients (ages 2-14; mean, 7.3) received general anesthesia. Four potentially serious anesthesia-related events occurred; in one child (age 7) receiving general anesthesia, an endotracheal tube obstruction developed during radiosurgery requiring rapid reintubation while the child was still in the head frame; another (age 7) who was undergoing chemotherapy and had neutropenia and rhinitis had a lobar collapse while intubated, requiring mechanical ventilation and endotracheal tube suctioning for lung expansion. Another (age 5) with a recent upper respiratory tract infection had copious endotracheal secretions and sinusitis (ethmoid and maxillary) noted on initial computed tomography scanning and was given antibiotics and decongestants (following nasotracheal extubation), and another (age 15) receiving sedation without endotracheal intubation vomited an undigested meal midway through the procedure while her head was partially immobilized in the head frame.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Tarbell
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Loeffler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rockoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D015521:Ethmoid Sinusitis / Q000150:complications; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000150:complications; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000209:etiology; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology