title: Association of moderate alcohol consumption and plasma concentration of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether an association exists between moderate alcohol consumption and plasma concentration of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), a serine protease that plays a central role in the regulation of intravascular fibrinolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of self-reported alcohol consumption and plasma fibrinolytic capacity, controlled for lipid and nonlipid cardiac risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the Physicians' Health Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 631 apparently healthy male physicians aged 40 to 84 years with no history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or transient cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentration of t-PA antigen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A direct association was found between alcohol consumption and plasma level of t-PA antigen, such that mean plasma levels of t-PA antigen for daily, weekly, monthly, and rare or never drinkers were 10.9, 9.7, 9.1, and 8.1 ng/mL, respectively (P trend = .0002). The relation between alcohol consumption and t-PA antigen level was not materially changed in analyses that adjusted for total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors including age, body mass index, parental history of coronary heart disease, exercise frequency, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate a positive association between moderate alcohol intake and plasma level of endogenous t-PA antigen that is independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This finding supports the hypothesis that changes in fibrinolytic potential may be an important mechanism whereby moderate alcohol consumption decreases risk of heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215-1204.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ridker
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hennekens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D002784:Cholesterol; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator