title: [Operations with a heart-lung machine in adult members of Jehovah's Witnesses].
abstract: Members of Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions and blood products under any circumstances. Because of an improvement in blood salvage techniques in our centre, they are not excluded from open-heart surgery. In recent years recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been applied to correct perioperative anemia in these patients. METHODS. Seventeen members of Jehovah's Witnesses who were more than 18 years of age were operated on using various blood salvage technique, e.g., haemoseparation and a high dose of Aprotinin. We present the first three patients treated with 4 x 500 U of i.v. rhEPO/kg body wt. given within 11 days preoperatively. Thirteen of the patients operated on had elevated preoperative risk factors, for instance poor left ventricle, severe aortic valve stenosis, metabolic syndrome, age older than 70 years, etc. In other centres that perform cardiac operations on members of Jehovah's Witnesses, these risk factors represent contraindications for open-heart surgery in these patients. RESULTS. Patients with rhEPO treatment showed a preoperative hematocrit increase of 7 Vol.% within 10 days and no postoperative complications. At the 6th postoperative hour the hematocrit returned to the starting values; in patients without rhEPO, however, the hematocrit generally had not increased to preoperative values even by the 8th day after operation. In 9 patients with preoperative elevated risk factors and a postoperative relative decrease in hematocrit below 33% we observed an uncomplicated postoperative period. Four patients with these risk factors, a pronounced decrease in hematocrit and blood loss postoperatively had various severe complications. CONCLUSIONS. Preoperative treatment with a high dose of rhEPO to enhance the hematocrit and maturity by precursor red blood cells in patients with a hematocrit below 45 Vol.% is a possibility to compensate for the blood loss perioperatively and to avoid complications from a decrease in oxygen transport capacity. The anaemia and high blood loss postoperatively are the main causes for a slightly elevated operation risk in members of Jehovah's Witnesses in all heart centres that perform cardiac operations on these patients. Nevertheless, Jehovah's Witnesses should be not excluded from cardiac operations, since open-heart surgery without use of homologous blood is becoming a routine procedure.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Herzchirurgie des Universitätsklinikums Charité der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sowade
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Warnke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scigalla
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002835:Christianity; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006355:Heart-Lung Machine; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin
vernacular_title: Operationen mit der Herz-Lungen-Maschine bei erwachsenen Patienten der Glaubensgemeinschaft "Zeugen Jehovahs".