title: Analysis of the torque applied to bone screws by trauma surgeons. Comparisons based on years of experience and material of implant construction.
abstract: Stability of an internal fixation construct is dependent on the torque placed on the screws holding the plate, the number of screws in the construct, and the number of cortices purchased by each screw. This study addresses the ability of surgeons to apply uniform torque and the variability between stainless steel and titanium. A total of 630 measurements were made by trained orthopedists using a device to measure the torque applied to 3.5 mm screws when tightening them to a plate. Variations were found to be significant depending on the number of years the orthopedist was in practice and the type of construct material used. The average torque applied to a stainless steel construct is 5.82 in-lb, while the torque applied to titanium is 5.41 in-lb (P < 0.01). The longer an orthopedist is in practice, the more torque will be applied to the screw/plate construct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: St John
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Agnew
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D009985:Orthopedics; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel; D014025:Titanium