title: Effects of perfluorocarbon exchange transfusion on reducing myocardial infarct size in a primate model of ischemia-reperfusion injury: a prospective, randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that perfluorocarbons were able to reduce myocardial infarct size in a baboon model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exchange transfusion of perfluorocarbons has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in the dog, who, unlike the baboon, has an extensive collateral circulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  After 15 minutes of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, 14 baboons were bled to attain a hematocrit of 24% to 26% and were simultaneously transfused, six with Fluosol-DA 20% emulsion and eight with FC-43 emulsion. After 2 hours of ligation, the coronary arteries were reperfused. Baboons were killed 24 hours after ligation, and the hearts were excised. Microvascular dye was infused into the coronary artery to delineate its perfusion bed. Ratios of the mean volume of infarct to the mean volume of perfusion bed were calculated and compared by use of planimetry. A similar protocol was followed in two other groups of baboons except that lactated Ringer's solution was infused into six of them, whereas eight had no exchange transfusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratios of the mean volume of infarct to the mean volume of perfusion bed of the four groups were as follows: Fluosol-DA, 38.1% +/- 7.5%; FC-43, 37.7% +/- 8.3%; lactated Ringer's, 46.9% +/- 10.5%; controls, 65.6% +/- 6.9%. Statistical significance was reached when comparing both perfluorocarbon-treated groups with the controls (p < 0.05 for both groups) but not significant when comparing them with the Ringer's lactate-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that the beneficial effects of exchange transfusion with the perfluorocarbons may be primarily due to hemodilution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Premaratne
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suehiro
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McNamara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005078:Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006400:Hematocrit; D006438:Hemodilution; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010215:Papio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; C008807:perfluorotributylamine; C017323:glucose, glycerol, hydroxyethyl starch, perfluorodecalin, perfluorotripropylamine, pluronic F-68, salts, yolk phospholipids drug combination; D010100:Oxygen