title: Fetal erythroblasts from maternal blood identified with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) and in situ hybridization (ISH) using Y-specific probes.
abstract: Different types of fetal nucleated cells can be found in maternal blood, providing the possibility of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. For this purpose, we have studied fetal erythroblasts. We discovered that haemoglobin-containing cells treated with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) can be visualized by a peroxidase reaction, which at the same time visualizes an in situ hybridization (ISH) signal, specific for the X, Y or 21 chromosome. In order to prove that the BPG-positive cells were erythroid, an anti-glycophorin A (GPA) antiserum combined with a staphylococcal rosette technique was used. To enrich for erythroblasts, leukocytes were depleted from maternal blood by treatment with anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody and passage over an anti-mouse IgG-coated glass bead column. To evaluate the potential of the method for clinical use, we studied maternal blood samples from 18 women referred to us for prenatal diagnosis between 6 and 19 weeks of gestation. Erythroblasts were found in 13 out of 14 normal pregnancies. Erythroblasts with a Y-signal were found as early as 9 weeks of gestation, but at 6 weeks the Y-signal was seen in BPG-negative cells only. These cells showed an epithelioid morphology indicating that they were cytotrophoblasts. The BPG-ISH method provides a simple technique for identifying erythroblasts and simultaneously visualizing a desired probe.
authors.affiliation: Department I of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Von Koskull
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gahmberg
mesh_terms: D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D015342:DNA Probes; D004163:Diphosphoglyceric Acids; D004900:Erythroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D014998:Y Chromosome
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D004163:Diphosphoglyceric Acids; D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate