title: Risk of second aerodigestive cancers increases in patients who survive free of small-cell lung cancer for more than 2 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients who survived small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) for more than 2 years were evaluated to determine the frequency and anatomic pattern of redevelopment of small-cell cancer and development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and aerodigestive cancers with the passage of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1973 through December 1991, 578 patients with previously untreated SCLC were entered onto prospective therapeutic trials at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD. Sixty-two (11%) were cancer-free 2 years after initiation of therapy and were assessable for redevelopment of SCLC and development of NSCLC, and aerodigestive cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients redeveloped SCLC 2.0 to 12.2 years after initiation of chemotherapy, of whom two patients were deemed to have a second primary small-cell cancer that involved the aerodigestive tract. Fifteen patients developed 16 cancers in the lung other than SCLC 3.4 to 14.9 years after initiation of therapy. Two developed other aerodigestive cancers that involved the larynx and lip. The risk of a NSCLC and aerodigestive cancer in these patients increased more than sixfold from 2% per patient per year during years 2 to 4 to 12.6% and 14.4%, respectively, after more than 10 years. The cumulative actuarial risk of a second primary NSCLC or aerodigestive cancer at 16 years is 69% and 72%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increasing risk of second aerodigestive cancers with the passage of time is a mounting problem for patients cured of SCLC. Chemoprevention trials for these patients should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Linnoila
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Venzon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Okunieff
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors