title: Lack of association between cholesterol and coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity and all-cause mortality in persons older than 70 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether elevated serum cholesterol level is associated with all-cause mortality, mortality from coronary heart disease, or hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina in persons older than 70 years. Also, to evaluate the association between low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and elevated ratio of serum cholesterol to HDL-C with these outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, community-based cohort study with yearly interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 997 subjects who were interviewed in 1988 as part of the New Haven, Conn, cohort of the Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) and consented to have blood drawn.
  
  
  METHODS
  The risk factor-adjusted odds ratios of the 4-year incidence of all-cause mortality, mortality from coronary heart disease, and hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina were calculated for the following: subjects with total serum cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 6.20 mmol/L (> or = 240 mg/dL) compared with subjects with cholesterol levels less than 5.20 mmol/L (< 200 mg/dL); subjects in the lowest tertile of HDL-C level compared with those in the highest tertile; and subjects in the highest tertile of the ratio of total serum cholesterol to HDL-C level compared with those in the lowest tertile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated total serum cholesterol level, low HDL-C, and high total serum cholesterol to HDL-C ratio were not associated with a significantly higher rate of all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, or hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. The risk factor-adjusted odds ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 2.69) for the group who had cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 6.20 mmol/L (> or = 240 mg/dL) compared with the group that had levels less than 5.20 mmol/L (< 200 mg/dL); 1.00 (95% CI, 0.59 to 1.70) for the group in the lowest tertile of HDL-C compared with those in the highest tertile; and 1.03 (95% CK, 0.62 to 1.71) for subjects in the highest tertile of the ratio of total serum cholesterol to HDL-C compared with those in the lowest tertile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings do not support the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia or low HDL-C are important risk factors for all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, or hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina in this cohort of persons older than 70 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8017.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Seeman
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Mendes de Leon
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaccarino
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ostfeld
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Berkman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D002423:Cause of Death; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D009026:Mortality; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D002784:Cholesterol