title: Acute myocardial infarction in the young--the role of smoking. The Investigators of the International Tissue Plasminogen Activator/Streptokinase Mortality Trial.
abstract: Patients who received thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in a large international trial were divided into two groups on the basis of age; those < or = 40 years (n = 269) and those > 40 years (n = 7787). The younger group included more men (89.9% vs 75.9%, P = 0.009) and fewer patients had a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. A family history of cardiovascular disease was significantly more prevalent among the young patients (53.4% vs 41.9%, P = 0.0002). Significantly more younger patients than older patients were smokers at the time of infarction (76.2% vs 42.9%, P < 0.0001) and the average number of cigarettes smoked per day was also significantly higher in young patients (27.8 +/- 14.3 vs 19.9 +/- 12.9, P < 0.01). Younger patients had a better outcome, with lower rates of cardiogenic shock (1.1% vs 7.0%, P = 0.0002), stroke (0.0% vs 1.9%, P = 0.02) and haemorrhage (1.9% vs 5.9%, P = 0.006), as well as a better Killip class at discharge (Killip > 1 in 4.5% vs 8.0%, P < 0.001), and lower hospital and 6-month mortality (0.7% and 3.1% vs 8.3% and 12%, P < 0.001, respectively). The better outcome of younger patients with acute myocardial infarction is related to their better baseline characteristics. Young patients with acute myocardial infarction have a strong family history of cardiovascular disease and a high prevalence of smoking. Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Barbash
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hampton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heikkila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kristinsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moulopoulos
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Paolasso
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van der Werf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator