title: Adverse effect of abdominal operations on production of interferon-gamma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of abdominal operations on the production of cytokines as one of the mechanisms of postoperative immunosuppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital, Belgium.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 Selected patients who underwent operations for benign (n = 10) or malignant (n = 9) diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole blood was collected in heparinised tubes before operation and on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9. After 1/10 dilution in culture medium the whole blood cells were stimulated with 5 micrograms/ml phytohaemagglutinin and 25 micrograms/ml lipopolysaccharide, and incubated at 37 degrees C in 5% carbon dioxide. Concentrations of interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured at 24 hours, and interferon-gamma and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were measured at 72 hours, with commercially available assays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Production of the monokines IL-1, TNF alpha, and IL-6, and of the lymphokines IL-2 and interferon-gamma, postoperatively. The monokines were expressed as a percentage of the preoperative values/monocyte, and the lymphokines as a percentage of preoperative values/lymphocyte.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Production of IL-1 and TNF alpha, but not IL-6, decreased immediately after operation then returned to preoperative values. Production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma were significantly reduced immediately after operation, and that of interferon-gamma was still depressed on the ninth postoperative day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine production is altered after abdominal operations. The production of interferon-gamma may be a more sensitive indicator of altered immune response and vulnerability to infections and tumour growth than concentrations of other cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Surgery, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pirenne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ribbens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Médot
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Groote
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vrindts
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gathy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franchimont
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jacquet
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D015846:Monokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011184:Postoperative Period
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008222:Lymphokines; D015846:Monokines; D007371:Interferon-gamma