title: Mechanism of post-segregational killing by hok-homologue pnd of plasmid R483: two translational control elements in the pnd mRNA.
abstract: The pnd system of plasmid R483 mediates plasmid stabilization by killing of plasmid-free cells. The pnd mRNA is very stable and can be translated into PndA protein, a cell toxin which kills the cells from within by damaging the cell membrane. Translation of the pnd mRNA is inhibited by the PndB antisense, a small labile RNA of 63 nt. The rapid decay of the PndB antidote leads to onset of PndA synthesis in plasmid-free segregants or after addition of rifampicin. Surprisingly however, the full-length pnd mRNA was found to be translationally inactive whereas a 3'-end truncated version of it was found to be active. We have therefore suggested previously, that the 3'-end of the full-length pnd mRNA encodes a fold-back inhibitory sequence (fbi), which prevents its translation. Here we present an analysis of the metabolism of the pnd mRNAs. A mutational analysis shows that single point mutations in the fbi motif results in more rapid truncation. The fbi mutations could not be complemented by second-site mutations in either of the pndA or pndC Shine-Dalgarno (SD) elements. Surprisingly, mutations in the pndC SD element also lead to a more rapid truncation. The effect of these latter mutations was, however, complemented by mutations in a proposed anti-SD element upstream of the pndC SD. Mutations in the anti-SD element were lethal. These results show, that the pnd mRNA contains two negative control elements, one located in its very 3'-end (fbi), and one located just upstream of the pndC SD region (the anti-SD element). These observations add to the complexity of the induction scheme previously proposed to explain activation of pndA expression in plasmid-free cells: In addition to its negative effect of translation, the fbi structure also maintains a reduced processing rate in the 3'-end of the mRNA. This permits the accumulation of a reservoir of pnd mRNA, which can be activated by 3'-end processing in plasmid-free cells. The anti-SD may prevent translation of the pnd mRNA during transcription, thus preventing detrimental synthesis of toxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Odense University, Denmark.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gerdes
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D017931:DNA Primers; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005838:Genotype; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D017931:DNA Primers; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C087023:pndA protein, E coli