Monitoring of endotoxin, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein serum concentrations in neutropenic patients with fever.
Serum endotoxin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were serially determined in 26 patients with hematological malignancies and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia who developed fever. Endotoxin in serum was detected in 69% of the patients, with the highest values being recorded in patients with gram-negative (Gr-) bacteremia. High levels of IL-6 were found after start of fever, and in 6/9 patients with Gr- bacteremia levels exceeded 200 ng/l in samples drawn within the first 72 hours. However, only in 2/17 patients with gram-positive bacteremias and blood culture-negative fever episodes did IL-6 exceed this concentration (p < 0.05). High CRP values (exceeding 100 mg/l) did not discriminate between Gr- and non-Gr- episodes (7/9 versus 10/17, respectively). In patients with fever at day 3-5 (n = 15), IL-6 values > 100 ng/l were associated with fever continuing for more than 7 days after start of the episode; contrarily, CRP values did not indicate the persistence of fever. Determination of IL-6 may be a better test than CRP in monitoring the acute response to infection in the neutropenic patient. A combination of high endotoxin and IL-6 values may indicate a Gr- bacteremia. This could have therapeutic implications before results of blood cultures are obtained.
Engervall
P
P
Division of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Granström
M
M
Andersson
B
B
Björkholm
M
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004731:Endotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011486:Protein C