title: Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices associated with concomitant portal venous thrombus of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Between 1983 and 1994, we treated 51 patients with esophageal varices and portal trunk and main branch invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma, using endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. Variceal bleeding was controlled in 28 of 29 patients (96.6%), esophageal varices were completely eradicated in 28 (54.9%), and only 2 of 28 (7.1%) bled from small, dilated, venous vessels after eradication. The cumulative nonbleeding rate at 3 years was 87.5%. Death caused by hepatocellular carcinoma accounted for 89.4% of the patients, whereas the rate of bleeding from esophageal varices was 4.3%. Variables significantly associated with the duration of survival were Okuda's clinical stage, alpha-fetoprotein, eradication of esophageal varices by sclerotherapy, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, as determined in a univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that eradication of esophageal varices by sclerotherapy, Okuda's clinical stage, and age were independent factors which significantly influenced survival time. We propose that complete eradication of esophageal varices and close follow-up using endoscopy may lead to a reduction in bleeding from esophageal varices, and hence may reduce mortality rates related to this bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumata
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011169:Portal Vein; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions