title: Disqualifying criteria in a preparticipation sports evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was undertaken to demonstrate the relative frequency of disqualifying criteria in a complete history and physical sports examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review was conducted of 2574 preparticipation physical evaluations (PPEs) performed on 11- to 18-year-old student athletes to determine which factors are associated with denial of unrestricted sports participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five percent of the student athletes passed the screening. Of those who did not, the denial decision was based on the medical history alone in 58% of cases (P < .05). A logistic regression analysis identified seven items associated with denial: dizziness with exercise, history of asthma, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, visual acuity, heart murmur, and musculoskeletal examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although physicians often take a complete history and perform physical examinations, relatively few variables appear related to denial of eligibility for participation in organized sports. The history is one of the most important aspects of the PPE. A directed PPE may be more efficient, thereby allowing more time to address other important issues.
authors.affiliation: Rochester Knee and Sports Medicine, P.C., Rochester Hills, Michigan 48309, USA.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Rifat
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ruffin
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gorenflo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005568:Forms and Records Control; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D010808:Physical Examination; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports; D014481:United States