title: Clinically unsuspected venous malformations limited to the submandibular triangle: CT findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the CT characteristics of histologically confirmed venous vascular malformations limited to the submandibular triangle in patients without clinical stigmata of venous vascular malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical records and CT scans of five women with venous vascular malformations limited to the submandibular triangle were reviewed. Patients ranged from 39 to 70 years of age. None of the patients had a history of malignant tumors. All patients presented with a solitary suprahyoid neck mass. None of the patients demonstrated cutaneous manifestations of venous vascular malformation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast-enhanced CT scans in all five patients demonstrated a lobulated, heterogeneously enhancing, well-circumscribed solid mass, separable from the submandibular gland. Areas of contrast enhancement within each mass were isodense to the internal jugular vein in four of five cases. Only two of five lesions demonstrated focal calcifications. Excisional biopsy (two patients) demonstrated pathologic features compatible with venous vascular malformation. Fine needle aspirations (three patients) yielded venous blood or blood-tinged fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Venous vascular malformations may present as isolated neck masses in adults without typical clinical stigmata. Clues to the CT diagnosis include a lobulated appearance to the mass with intense but heterogeneous contrast enhancement. This appearance, in combination with results of fine needle aspiration, may be sufficiently diagnostic to preclude excisional biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Holliday
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Roland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007482:Iothalamate Meglumine; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D013364:Submandibular Gland Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007482:Iothalamate Meglumine