title: High dose methotrexate in the treatment of refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the response to and safety of long term, high dose (> or = 1 mg/kg/week or > or = 15 mg/m2/week) methotrexate (MTX) administration, in a cohort of 21 children with longstanding, severe juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children received MTX at an average weekly dose of 27 mg for a mean of 15.2 months. Outcome was assessed using a disease activity score based on changes in concomitant therapy, laboratory parameters, physician's global assessment, and radiologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients (33%) improved, including one child who achieved complete remission, while 14/21 children (67%) did not benefit from high dose MTX. Subsequently, 6/14 (43%) of the non-responders discontinued high dose MTX and began cyclosporine. Radiologic progression, regardless of clinical outcome, was documented in 10/15 (67%) of the patients. The drug was well tolerated despite mild gastrointestinal symptoms and transient liver enzyme elevation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this open retrospective pilot trial suggest that high dose MTX is well tolerated, but that its role in the treatment of children with refractory JRA may be limited. Radiologic progression, despite improvement in the clinical status or in the laboratory parameters, supports the hypothesis that MTX acts as a potent antiinflammatory agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reiff
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shaham
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Szer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016572:Cyclosporine; D008727:Methotrexate