title: Factors leading to early recurrence of carotid plaque after carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid endarterectomy to remove atherosclerotic plaque restores blood flow and reduces the risk of cerebral ischemia. In some patients, however, postoperative plaque recurrence reduces the clinical benefit of carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using duplex ultrasound scanning, we evaluated carotid artery restenosis in 63 endarterectomy patients followed for an average of 26.6 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, two-thirds of the patients showed some observable vessel wall thickening. A negative correlation was found between years since smoking cessation and recurrence of carotid plaque. Maximum benefit was seen when smoking cessation occurred at least 1 year before endarterectomy. The least benefit was seen when smoking continued or when cessation occurred within 1 year of endarterectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking status was the only cardiovascular risk factor independently and significantly associated with recurrent plaque thickness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dempsey
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cordero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome