title: HIV testing, HIV infection and associated risk factors among inmates in south-eastern French prisons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate HIV seroprevalence in the two main remand and short-stay prisons of south-eastern France and to gather linked anonymous risk-factor information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baumettes prison, Marseille, France between 16 November and 21 December 1992.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a self-administered questionnaire about HIV testing and risk factors for HIV infection, 295 male and 137 female inmates were interviewed. The response rate was 96% (100 and 90% for men and women, respectively). At the same time, 279 of a total of 432 (65%) inmates were serologically tested for HIV; 153 (35%) declined to provide a blood sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anonymous cross-sectional and surveillance survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty per cent of participants (84 our of 432) were intravenous drug (heroin) users (IVDU), 51% of whom reported needle-sharing prior to incarceration; 23% reported more than two sexual partners during the last year, and 13% sexual intercourse with an IVDU during the last 5 years. HIV status was available for 356 inmates (82%; 65% from blood samples and 17% from the questionnaire); 39 were HIV-infected (10.9%; 95% confidence interval, 7.7-14.2). The inmates not tested for HIV reported proportionally less risky behaviours than non-HIV-infected inmates. HIV seroprevalence was significantly higher among recidivist inmates (19.9 versus 4.4%; P < 0.0001). The rate of HIV infection was particularly high among IVDU (34 out of 84; 40%). More female non-IVDU were HIV-infected than male non-IVDU (4.1 versus 0.6%; P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the high prevalence of HIV infection in south-eastern French prisons, especially among IVDU. The rates may be related to the high prevalence of risky drug practices and to delays in the development of HIV prevention programmes for IVDU in France. The higher seroprevalence rate among recidivist inmates might be the result of risk behaviours during imprisonment. Another hypothesis is that recidivist inmates are at greater risk of HIV infection because of higher levels of drug use.
authors: South-Eastern France Regional Centre for Disease Control, Marseille.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rotily
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Galinier-Pujol
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Obadia
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Moatti
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Toubiana
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Vernay-Vaisse
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Gastaut
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011329:Prisoners; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires