title: Morphological detection of X- and Y-chromosomes in smears and paraffin-embedded tissues using a non-isotopic in situ hybridization technique (NISH).
abstract: Pharyngeal smears and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens (skeletal muscle, kidney) obtained from 10 male and 10 female individuals were evaluated using non-isotopic in situ hybridization (NISH) with commercial X- and Y-specific biotinylated probes which recognize the pericentromeric regions DXZ1 and DYZ1/DYZ3 of the X- and Y-chromosome, respectively. The results provide evidence that the morphological sex determination of a single cell can be performed by critical application of this staining method leading to one nuclear signal in "male" cells using the Y-specific probe whereas "female" cells are negative. In situ hybridization of "female" tissues with an X-specific probe results regularly in 2 signals whereas "male" cells show only one spot in the nucleus.
authors: Department of Legal Medicine, University of Munich, Germany.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Betz
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Baretton
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Tübel
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Nerlich
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Eisenmenger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002503:Centromere / Q000235:genetics; D003239:Connective Tissue Cells; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D015342:DNA Probes; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D010614:Pharynx / Q000166:cytology; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes