Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases.
Ca2+ is widely recognized as an essential intracellular second messenger in eukaryotic systems regulating processes such as muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, gene expression and cell proliferation. The effects of Ca2+ are frequently mediated via interaction with calmodulin (CaM) and strong evidence indicates, in turn, that the effects of Ca2+/CaM are often achieved through the regulation of protein phosphorylation. A family of CaM-dependent protein kinases has been identified that includes: myosin light chain kinase, phosphorylase kinase, CaM kinase I, CaM kinase II, EF-2 kinase (CaM kinase III) and CaM kinase IV. The structure, regulation and function of this important family of second messenger-regulated protein kinases will be briefly reviewed.
Nairn
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AC
Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.
Picciotto
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MR
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D054729:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D054734:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D054736:Elongation Factor 2 Kinase; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation
C517689:EEF2K protein, human; C517596:CAMK1 protein, human; C517683:CAMK4 protein, human; D054729:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D054734:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; D054736:Elongation Factor 2 Kinase