title: Prospective randomized study on the cryopreservation of human embryos with dimethylsulfoxide or 1,2-propanediol protocols.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the optimal protocol for cryopreservation of human embryos obtained from IVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consenting patients in an academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Couples undergoing IVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 2,220 supernumerary multicellular embryos were obtained from 488 patients who were randomized over slow freezing protocols with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, 819 embryos), 1,2-propanediol (699 embryos) or a mixture of DMSO and 1,2-propanediol (702 embryos). A total of 725 embryos have been thawed (DMSO, 232 embryos; 1,2-propanediol, 250 embryos and DMSO and 1,2-propanediol, 243 embryos) for transfer in natural ovarian cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Embryo survival rate, embryo implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate (PR), delivery rate, live-birth rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The embryo survival rate was significantly higher with the DMSO protocol (52.6%) than with the 1,2-propanediol (32.0%) or the DMSO and 1,2-propanediol protocols (34.9%). The clinical PR per thawing cycle was significantly higher in the DMSO protocol (17.2%) than in the 1,2-propanediol protocol (3.9%). The clinical implantation rate per embryo thawed was significantly different between a DMSO-frozen embryo (4.7%) and a 1,2-propanediol-frozen embryo (1.2%). A DMSO and 1,2-propanediol-frozen embryo had a 3.7% chance of of implantation. The delivery rate per thawing cycle was significantly higher in the DMSO protocol (12.5%) than in the 1,2-propanediol protocol (2.6%). The live-birth rates per embryo thawed were 3.5%, 0.8%, and 2.9% in the DMSO, 1,2-propanediol, and DMSO and 1,2-propanediol groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supernumerary multicellular embryos as presented in daily clinical IVF practice have the highest chance of survival and of implantation after cryopreservation when DMSO has been used.
authors: Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) Medical School and University Hospital, Belgium.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Van der Elst
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Camus
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Van den Abbeel
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Maes
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Devroey
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Van Steirteghem
mesh_terms: D001723:Birth Rate; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide