title: Role of endogenous retroviruses in autoimmune diseases.
abstract: Retroviruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of murine and human lupus; however, many positive findings have been followed by alternative explanations. Initial findings implicating xenotropic retroviruses were subsequently invalidated. The first solid demonstration that endogenous retroviruses mediate disease was the study of SL/Ni mice. Here budding ecotropic retroviral particles from arterial smooth muscle cells caused an antibody response to the particles with subsequent complement deposition. Our laboratory has focused on derangements in endogenous MCF retroviral expression. We found that lupus-prone NZB, BXSB and MRL strains have a marked increase in expression of Mpmv RNA in their thymuses while bone marrow expression did not differ from normal strains. Sequence analysis demonstrated mutations in the NZB endogenous retroviruses which could alter expression. A phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide to the initiation sequence of Mpmv caused lymphocyte activation in vivo in normal mice, providing further evidence for in vivo effects of Mpmv and potential for pathological abnormalities in lupus-prone strains.
authors: Cellular Immunology Section, Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculeskelatal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: M F
authors: MF
authors: Gourley
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Kisch
authors: C F
authors: CF
authors: Mojcik
authors: L B
authors: LB
authors: King
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Krieg
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense