title: A simple alternative to parenteral oxytocics for the third stage of labor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of nipple stimulation on uterine activity during the third stage of labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled study comparing; (i) 15 min of nipple stimulation (n = 6), (ii) routine syntometrine injection (n = 3), (iii) no action/control (N = 5). Uterine activity was continuously measured using the placenta as an in-situ hydrostatic bag connected to a pressure transducer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls uterine pressure was higher during nipple stimulation (103 mmHg vs. 70.8 mmHg, P = 0.04). The duration of the third stage and blood loss tended to be reduced with nipple stimulation compared to controls (20.3 vs. 12.3 min) and (257 vs. 166 ml) respectively but was not significant. Similar differences were observed between syntometrine and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For women in developing countries where parenteral oxytocics are not available, nipple stimulation might reduce the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. A larger trial now seems warranted.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, South Tyneside District Hospital, South Shields, UK.
authors: D W
authors: DW
authors: Irons
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Sriskandabalan
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Bullough
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004874:Ergonovine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007749:Labor Stage, Third / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D009558:Nipples / Q000502:physiology*; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018590:Uterine Monitoring
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; C038346:syntometrine; D010121:Oxytocin; D004874:Ergonovine