title: Selected strategies for improving sensitivity and reliability of immunoassays.
abstract: Selected recent advances in immunoassay are reviewed. Development has continued on new labels (beta-lactamase, pyrophosphatase, luciferases, photoproteins, pyridopyridazines, europium cryptates, metal carbonyl complexes, porphines, phosphors) and label-detection methods (e.g., chemiluminescence assays, thermometric assays, NADP(+)- and FADP-based coupled assays). Various methods have been explored to increase assay sensitivity, including label amplification via catalyzed reporter deposition (peroxidase label) and immuno-polymerase chain reaction (DNA label). The focus of new immunoassay strategies has been on improved reliability (bispecific antibodies), assay simplification (piezoelectric and surface plasmon resonance immunosensors, phase-modulation fluorescence spectroscopy, polymerized bilayer assemblies), and simultaneous multianalyte testing (e.g., quadruple labeling with lanthanides, one-step test devices for drugs of abuse).
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Kricka
mesh_terms: D004798:Enzymes; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008670:Metals; D009249:NADP; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D008670:Metals; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D009249:NADP