title: Changing the risk spectrum of injury and the performance of sunscreen products throughout the day.
abstract: Sunscreen products are tested normally against a defined solar simulator spectrum that, in ultraviolet (UVB), closely resembles the noontime spectral composition of summer sunlight. Although such a spectrum may define the product for use in the most adverse sunlight conditions, little attention has been given to how such products perform against other natural sunlight spectra. Outdoor clinical trials suggest that indoor testing of sunscreens may overestimate the performance of many products. In this study we compared the predicted efficacy of specific products to a variety of natural sunlight spectra taken at different solar angles and under different atmospheric conditions. We found that a standard product always provides less protection for a natural sunlight spectrum than its label value would suggest. The deviation from the labeled value is the greatest when the sun is low in the sky, i.e., close to the horizon. The deviation is due to the changing ratio of UVA to UVB radiation in natural sunlight. The deviation can be as large as a factor of 2.0.
authors: Rapid Precision Testing Laboratories, Cordova, Tennesse.
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Sayre
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kollias
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Ley
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: Baqer
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000531:Altitude; D004890:Erythema; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait; D008029:Lighting; D009516:New Mexico; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents