Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of constipation in childhood.
The evaluation of chronic constipation with or without fecal soiling in children must begin with a careful history and physical examination. Constipation and fecal soiling is caused in fewer than 10% of patients by anatomic, neurologic, endocrine, or metabolic conditions. No specific organic cause can be found in more than 90% of affected children, but anorectal functions--such as rectal sensation, rectal contractility, and relaxation of the external anal sphincter and pelvic floor muscles during straining for defecation--are impaired. Most patients will benefit from a program designed to clear fecal impaction with enemas, prevent fecal impaction with enemas, prevent fecal impaction with laxatives, and promote regular bowel habits with scheduled toilet sittings.
Loening-Baucke
V
V
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003248:Constipation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome