title: Anorexia nervosa and anorexic-like syndromes in a population-based female twin sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors explored the epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors of anorexia nervosa and examined the relationship between narrowly defined anorexia nervosa and anorexia-like syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured interviews were administered to a population-based sample of 2,163 female twins. Anorexia nervosa was diagnosed by computer algorithm ("computer narrow") and by narrow and broad clinical definitions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lifetime prevalence estimates of 0.51%, 1.62%, and 3.70% were obtained for the computer narrow, clinical narrow, and clinical broad diagnoses, respectively. Dieting status, greater number of years of parental education, low self-esteem, high levels of neuroticism, and maternal overprotectiveness were significantly associated with anorexia nervosa. Both the pattern of comorbidity and the relationship to epidemiologic risk factors suggested an etiologic continuity between narrowly and broadly defined anorexic syndromes. Co-twins of twins with anorexia nervosa were at significantly higher risk for lifetime anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, major depression, and current low body mass index. Significant comorbidity was found between anorexia nervosa and major depression, bulimia nervosa, generalized anxiety disorder, alcoholism, phobias, and panic disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' analyses support the hypothesis of a spectrum of anorexic-like syndromes in women. These syndromes are familial and share familial etiologic factors with major depression and bulimia nervosa.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond.
authors: E E
authors: EE
authors: Walters
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Kendler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002032:Bulimia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic