title: Splice site mutation in the glucocorticoid receptor gene causes resistance to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in a human acute leukemic cell line.
abstract: Induction of apoptosis is the molecular basis for the therapeutic application of glucocorticoids (GC) in human leukemia. The beneficial effect of endocrine therapy is, however, hampered by the occurrence of resistant clones evolving under selective GC pressure. To delineate molecular mechanisms of GC resistance, we PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced GC receptor (GR) transcripts and gene segments from a GC-resistant subclone of the human acute leukemic cell line CCRF-CEM, termed CEM-R6. Our analyses revealed that one GR gene allele harbored a point mutation (L753F) previously shown to compromise GR functions in other CCRF-CEM derivatives. On the second allele, we identified an A to G point mutation in the 3'-splice junction of intron G. As a consequence, a cryptic splice site 8 base pairs downstream within exon 8 is recognized, which leads to an 8-base deletion in the GR mRNA, resulting in reading frame shift and 2 consecutive in-frame preterminal stop codons. Translation of this mutant mRNA would produce a truncated GR protein missing 93 amino acids of the ligand-binding domain and expressing 9 altered residues at its new COOH terminus. In concert with the L753F mutation on the other allele, this molecular defect explains the GC-resistant phenotype and provides further evidence for mutational GR gene inactivation as a mechanism for human leukemic cells to escape GC-induced apoptosis.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Strasser-Wozak
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hattmannstorfer
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hála
authors: B L
authors: BL
authors: Hartmann
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Fiegl
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Geley
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Kofler
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid