title: Sodium pentobarbital versus alpha-chloralose anesthesia. Experimental production of substantially different slopes in the transmural CP/ATP ratios within the left ventricle of the canine myocardium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transmural analyses of the creatine phosphate (CP)/ATP ratio in various lamina of the canine myocardium have previously revealed significant variations in the CP/ATP ratio, with the subendocardial layer displaying a decreased ratio relative to the subepicardial layer. Without exception, these results were obtained under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. These findings have been interpreted to imply that the normal endocardium may be operating in the oxygen-limited domain or that there are transmurally varying set points for the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this work, we examine the effect of the anesthetic regimen on the transmural CP/ATP ratio within the left ventricular wall of the canine myocardium using spatially localized 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and an open-chest model. Two anesthetics were compared, alpha-chloralose and sodium pentobarbital. Under sodium pentobarbital, the CP/ATP ratio ranged from 1.92 +/- 0.06 to 2.51 +/- 0.08 from endocardium to epicardium, resulting in a transmural slope in the CP/ATP ratio of 0.149 +/- 0.047 (n = 22). Under alpha-chloralose, CP/ATP ratios ranged from 2.18 +/- 0.05 to 2.32 +/- 0.06, with a transmural slope of 0.035 +/- 0.018 (n = 38). Thus, the transmural slope in CP/ATP ratio was nearly four times greater with sodium pentobarbital than with alpha-chloralose, and the difference in these slopes was statistically significant (P = .029). No difference was observed in average CP/ATP obtained from the entire wall with either anesthetic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that the transmural trend in CP/ATP ratio previously reported in the myocardium is likely to be a direct reflection of the sodium pentobarbital anesthetic regimen, not truly reflecting the trend in the normal unanesthetized animal. Moreover, since the transmural variation in CP/ATP ratio was greatly reduced with alpha-chloralose, it appears unlikely that the endocardium in the normal unanesthetized heart is operating in the oxygen-limited domain. These results also point to the importance of the anesthetic regimen in biochemical analysis, indicate the necessity of increased caution in directly translating results obtained under anesthesia, and demonstrate the unique power of in vivo NMR to extract such subtle biochemical information.
authors: Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus.
authors: D P
authors: DP
authors: Rath
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Little
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Jiang
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Abduljalil
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Zhu
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Tong
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Brown
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Hamlin
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Robitaille
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002698:Chloralose; D004285:Dogs; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000737:chemistry; D006439:Hemodynamics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D010424:Pentobarbital; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D002698:Chloralose; D010758:Phosphorus; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010424:Pentobarbital