title: Morphometric evaluation of the cervico-thoracic junction. Practical considerations for posterior fixation of the spine.
abstract: METHODS
  Linear and angular measurements were performed on 128 vertebrae (16 spines) from C5 to T5.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Vertebrae were studied to characterize vertebral shape and size changes in the cervico-thoracic region.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Analysis of vertebral anatomy has been extensive and well characterized. Regions of transitional anatomy necessitate further study due to the often abrupt changes in anatomic relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two observers performed linear and angular measurements including pedicle width, height, and length, as well as pedicle-body, pedicle-lamina, lamina-transverse process, and pedicle-lamina angular measurements. Pedicle axis projection on the posterior aspect of the lamina was also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pedicle width ranged from 7.8 mm (T1) to 4.4 mm (T5). The body-pedicle angle decreased > 4 degrees per level in the transverse plane, from 50 degrees (C5) to 11 degrees (T5). The axial projection of the pedicle changed throughout the region (compared with level above) and was significant for T1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the complexities of the cervico-thoracic junction, additional characterization increases the knowledge of the anatomic relationships in this region.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Stanescu
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Ebraheim
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Yeasting
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Bailey
authors: W T
authors: WT
authors: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001863:Bone Screws; D002102:Cadaver; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery