Effect of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on the serum lipid response to a hypolipidemic diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids in patients with hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia.
We investigated the effect of variation at the apolipoprotein (apo) E gene locus on the serum lipid response to a hypolipidemic diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Lipoprotein changes were assessed in 122 outpatients with type IIa (n = 70) and type IIb (n = 52) hyperlipidemia [80 men and 42 women with apo E phenotypes 3/2 (n = 27), 3/3 (n = 48), and 4/3 (n = 47)] who were switched from their basal diet containing 40% fat (22% MUFA) to an isoenergetic diet containing 31% fat (MUFA content similar to that of the basal diet) for 12 wk. Significant (P < 0.005) reductions of total, LDL, and VLDL cholesterol; triglycerides; and apo B occurred in subjects regardless of WHO phenotype. Triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol decreased more in type IIb than in type IIa subjects: 25% vs 12% and 21% vs 15%, respectively (P = 0.01). HDL cholesterol tended to decrease only in women. The heterogeneity of lipoprotein responses to dietary intervention was unrelated to apo E phenotypes. In these hyperlipidemic subjects, however, diet-induced favorable changes in serum lipoproteins were selectively influenced by WHO phenotype.
Zambón
D
D
Lipid Clinic (Gastroenterology Service), Hospital Clínic i Provincial, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Ros
E
E
Casals
E
E
Sanllehy
C
C
Bertomeu
A
A
Campero
I
I
D000328:Adult; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D015930:Diet Records; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D008055:Lipids