title: Perineal ultrasound for evaluating the bladder neck in urinary stress incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the reproducibility of a new method for evaluation of the bladder neck with perineal ultrasound and to compare it with lateral chain urethrocystography.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first phase, two investigators examined 40 patients using perineal ultrasound to assess the reproducibility of a new measurement method for the determination of the bladder neck position. In the second phase, 60 patients were evaluated by perineal ultrasound and lateral chain urethrocystography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With perineal ultrasound, there was good interexaminer agreement for determining bladder neck position, funneling, and bladder neck descent at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver, but not for the posterior angle beta during straining. Comparison of sonographic and x-ray assessments showed good agreement for the bladder neck position at rest, but not during Valsalva, whereas the posterior angle, funneling, and bladder base descent differed between the two techniques at rest as well as during Valsalva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With our new method for determining the position of the bladder neck, perineal ultrasound is a reliable technique that allows reproducible static and dynamic evaluation. Lateral chain urethrocystography is superior to perineal ultrasound only if bladder neck funneling is the aim of the evaluation; it is inferior if bladder neck mobility during maximal Valsalva is being investigated.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: G N
authors: GN
authors: Schaer
authors: O R
authors: OR
authors: Koechli
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Schuessler
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Haller
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics