title: Recurrence of the R408W mutation in the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus in Europeans.
abstract: The relative frequency of the common phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) mutation R408W and its associations with polymorphic RFLP, VNTR, and short-tandem-repeat (STR) sites in the PAH gene were examined in many European populations and one representative North American population of defined European descent. This mutation was found to cluster in two regions: in northwest Europe among Irish and Scottish peoples, and in eastern Europe, including the Commonwealth of Independent States. This allele was significantly less frequent in intervening populations. In eastern European populations, the R408W mutation is strongly associated with RFLP haplotype 2, the three-copy VNTR allele (VNTR 3), and the 240-bp STR allele. In northwestern European populations, it is strongly associated with RFLP haplotype 1, the VNTR allele containing eight repeats (VNTR 8), and the 244-bp STR allele. An examination of the linkage between the R408W mutation and highly polymorphic RFLP, VNTR, and STR haplotypes suggests that recurrence is the most likely mechanism to account for the two different major haplotype associations of R408W in Europe.
authors: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Eisensmith
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Goltsov
authors: C
authors: C
authors: O'Neill
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Tyfield
authors: E I
authors: EI
authors: Schwartz
authors: A I
authors: AI
authors: Kuzmin
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Baranovskaya
authors: G L
authors: GL
authors: Tsukerman
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Treacy
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Scriver
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000266:history; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D009656:North America; D010651:Phenylalanine Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D010651:Phenylalanine Hydroxylase