title: The mitogen-activated protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2.
abstract: The MAP kinases are ubiquitous enzymes that are activated in a complex fashion and inactivated by multiple phosphatases including a dedicated dual specificity enzyme. These kinases have a diverse array of substrates with important functions that result in their substantial regulatory impact. The ERK/MAP kinase cascade displays not only downstream but also upstream interactions as well as cross talk with other signaling pathways which fine tunes the cascade in a cell type-specific fashion. Transforming agents utilize this cascade in inducing cell proliferation.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235.
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Cobb
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Hepler
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Cheng
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010766:Phosphorylation
chemical_list: D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases