title: The use of gadolinium to investigate the relationship between Ca2+ influx and glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes.
abstract: Gadolinium chloride is a potent blocker of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. When added to fura-2 loaded rat cortical synaptosomes 1 min before depolarization with 33 mM KCl, it causes a dose-dependent inhibition of the resulting rise in intrasynaptosomal free Ca2+ with an IC50 of approximately 10 microM. The effect of GdCl3 on intrasynaptosomal free Ca2+ is not accompanied by an equivalent effect on Ca(2+)-dependent glutamate release. In the presence of 100 microM GdCl3, 33 mM KCl does not produce a detectable change in the fura-2 signal but Ca(2+)-dependent glutamate release is only reduced by around 12%. Using BaCl2, which is less effectively buffered in synaptosomes than Ca2+, we have shown that there is residual KCl-stimulated divalent cation entry into synaptosomes in the presence of 100 microM GdCl3. These data, combined with those from other laboratories, strengthen the argument for localized Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels linked to neurotransmitter release from synaptosomes and add to the evidence that the channels may exhibit considerable neurotransmitter specificity.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Romano-Silva
authors: M V
authors: MV
authors: Gomez
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Brammer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016257:Fura-2; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D005682:Gadolinium; C038958:gadolinium chloride; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2