title: Strong voltage-dependent inward rectification of inward rectifier K+ channels is caused by intracellular spermine.
abstract: Inward rectifier K+ channels mediate the K+ conductance at resting potential in many types of cell. Since these K+ channels do not pass outward currents (inward rectification) when the cell membrane is depolarized beyond a trigger threshold, they play an important role in controlling excitability. Both a highly voltage-dependent block by intracellular Mg2+ and an endogenous gating process are presently assumed to underly inward rectification. It is shown that strong voltage dependence of rectification found under physiological conditions is predominantly due to the effect of intracellular spermine. Physiological concentrations of free spermine mediate strong rectification of IRK1 inward rectifier K+ channels even in the absence of free Mg2+ and in IRK1 mutant channels that have no endogenous rectification.
authors: Department of Sensory Biophysics, Hospital of the University of Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Fakler
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Brändle
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Glowatzki
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Weidemann
authors: H P
authors: HP
authors: Zenner
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Ruppersberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009865:Oocytes; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D013096:Spermine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D013096:Spermine; D008274:Magnesium