title: Expression of the proenkephalin A gene and [Met5]-enkephalin secretion induced by arachidonic acid in bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells: involvement of second messengers.
abstract: We have previously reported that arachidonic acid (AA) increases the long-term secretion of [Met5]-enkephalin (ME) and the expression of proenkephalin A (proENK) mRNA in bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin (BAMC) cells. To characterize the underlying signal transductional mechanisms for the AA-induced responses, the interactions of AA with several second messenger systems were studied. Long-term (24-h) treatment with AA (100 microM) increased both the secretion of ME and the expression of proENK mRNA. Pretreatment of BAMC cells with nimodipine (1 microM), but not with omega-conotoxin GVIA (1 microM), inhibited the secretion of ME and the expression of proENK mRNA induced by AA. Calmidazolium (1 microM), a calmodulin antagonist, also significantly inhibited AA-induced responses. However, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, sphingosine (36 microM), was ineffective in blocking AA-induced responses. In addition, the down-regulation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (0.1 microM) for 48 h did not inhibit the AA-induced responses. Forskolin (5 microM), an adenyl cyclase activator, alone increased the secretion of ME as well as proENK mRNA levels and, when coincubated with AA, showed an additive effect on the secretion of ME and the levels of proENK mRNA. The results suggest that the Ca2+/calmodulin pathway, but not the protein kinase A or PKC pathway, is partially involved in mediating the AA-induced increases of the long-term secretion of ME and the levels of proENK mRNA.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea.
authors: H W
authors: HW
authors: Suh
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Hudson
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Hong
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002838:Chromaffin System / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002147:Calmodulin; D004745:Enkephalins; D007093:Imidazoles; D015335:Molecular Probes; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C029992:proenkephalin; D005576:Colforsin; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; C031938:calmidazolium; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013110:Sphingosine