title: Morphological change in the urothelium after electrohydraulic versus pulsed dye laser lithotripsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe morphological changes in the urothelium after exposure to laser beam and electrohydraulic spark.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pulse dye laser lithotripter (MDL-2, Candela Corporation, Boston, USA) and the electrohydraulic lithotripter (AEH-2, Circon ACMI Corporation Stamford, USA) were used directly on the bladder mucosa in six pigs. Immediately after treatment, the bladder mucosa was prepared for light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both electrohydraulic spark and laser beam caused mucosal denudation, submucosal swelling and haemorrhage. There was a positive correlation between the degree of urothelial damage and the power and pulse numbers applied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct contact of the urothelium in patients treated with laser beam or electrohydraulic spark should be avoided.
authors: Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: T T
authors: TT
authors: Wu
authors: T H
authors: TH
authors: Hsu
authors: A F
authors: AF
authors: Li
authors: M T
authors: MT
authors: Chen
authors: L S
authors: LS
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004848:Epithelium / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000009:adverse effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013552:Swine; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology