title: A double-blind evaluation of ketorolac tromethamine versus acetaminophen in pediatric tonsillectomy: analgesia and bleeding.
abstract: The study was designed to compare intravenous ketorolac to rectal acetaminophen for analgesia and bleeding in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy. We studied 50 patients, aged 2-15 yr undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. In a randomized, prospective double-blind fashion, patients were assigned to receive either ketorolac (1 mg/kg) or rectal acetaminophen (35 mg/kg). Bleeding was evaluated by measuring intraoperative blood loss and noting extra measures required to obtain hemostasis. Bleeding times were also measured before and during surgery. Pain was evaluated using a standard objective pain score for the first 3 h. Persistent pain was treated with morphine, acetaminophen, and codeine and recorded for 24 h. Blood for determination of acetaminophen levels was drawn at 20 and 40 min after the administration of study drugs. Pain scores were not significantly different between the ketorolac and acetaminophen groups. The majority of patients in both groups required additional opioid in the postoperative period. Acetaminophen levels were all less than the therapeutic range. Intraoperative bleeding times were normal in all patients, but blood loss was significantly higher in the ketorolac group (2.67 mL/kg) compared to the acetaminophen group (1.44 mL/kg), P = 0.025. Significantly more measures to achieve hemostasis were required in the ketorolac group (P = 0.012). We conclude that ketorolac is no more effective than high-dose rectal acetaminophen for analgesia in the patient undergoing tonsillectomy. Hemostasis during tonsillectomy was significantly more difficult to achieve in patients receiving ketorolac.
authors: Department of Anaesthesia, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Rusy
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Houck
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Sullivan
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Ohlms
authors: D T
authors: DT
authors: Jones
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: McGill
authors: C B
authors: CB
authors: Berde
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000698:Analgesia; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001760:Bleeding Time; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D014325:Tromethamine; D000082:Acetaminophen; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D014046:Tolmetin