title: [Cytokine therapy of superficial bladder carcinoma. Mechanisms of action and results of therapy].
abstract: The object of immunotherapy is the elimination of tumor cells mediated by modulation of the immune system. This can be achieved by different mechanisms, i.e. cell-mediated and humorally mediated immune reactions. Immunotherapy can be classified as passive, adoptive, active and non-conventional. Most clinical experience has been gathered with unspecific active immunotherapy. Superficial bladder carcinomas can be treated by intravesical application of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or of different cytokines, i.e., interferons or interleukin-2. Since there has not so far been any standard immunotherapy for superficial bladder carcinoma, the efficacy of therapy with cytokines should be evaluated in clinical studies (phase II/III) only.
authors: Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universität, GHS Essen.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Otto
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kälble
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
vernacular_title: Zytokintherapie oberflächlicher Harnblasenkarzinome. Wirkmechanismen und Therapieresultate.