Characterization of the chicken rhodopsin promoter: identification of retina-specific and glass-like protein binding domains.
The rhodopsin promoter was analyzed as a prototype for cis-acting DNA elements involved in photoreceptor-specific gene regulation. We report the isolation and sequence of 1.8 kb of 5' flanking sequence of the chicken rhodopsin gene and analysis of DNA-binding proteins to promoter fragments by gel retardation assay. These analyses identified retina- and brain-specific protein binding to several regions of the rhodopsin promoter both proximal and distal to the transcription start site. The tissue-specific protein binding patterns were consistent with that proposed previously based on the expression pattern of rhodopsin promoter-lacZ constructs in transgenic mice (1, 2). The data also confirm the presence of the chicken homolog to a rat retina-specific binding site in the proximal promoter described previously. The Drosophila glass gene, which encodes a site-specific DNA-binding zinc-finger protein, is known to be required for the normal development of all photoreceptors in this species (3). In this paper we identify a glass-like sequence motif in chick, which shows homology to the Drosophila Rh1 27-bp glass-binding sequence, and find that the chick glass-like element exhibits tissue-specific protein binding properties which parallel those observed with Drosophila glass.
Sheshberadaran
H
H
Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3520.
Takahashi
J S
JS
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002417:Cattle; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics*; D003370:Coturnix; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005796:Genes; D006801:Humans; D007739:L Cells; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D016335:Zinc Fingers
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C087289:gl protein, Drosophila; D004247:DNA; D012243:Rhodopsin