RNA-sequence-mediated gene regulation in HIV-1.
The quantity and quality of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is controlled in large part by the action of two small nuclear viral regulatory proteins termed Tat and Rev. Tat is unique among transcriptional trans-activators in that it acts via a structured RNA target sequence, termed TAR, to induce high levels of transcription from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter element. The activity of the viral Rev protein is also unprecedented in that this protein functions to induce the nuclear export of a specific class of viral RNA species that are otherwise sequestered in the nucleus by the action of cellular factors. Like Tat, Rev also interacts with a highly specific cis-acting target sequence termed, in this case, the Rev Response Element. In this review, I provide an outline of our current understanding of the roles and mechanisms of action of these two novel RNA-sequence-dependent regulatory proteins.
Cullen
B R
BR
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
D001483:Base Sequence; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000502:physiology; D015694:Gene Products, rev / Q000502:physiology; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000502:physiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D015686:Gene Products, env; D015694:Gene Products, rev; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus