title: A retrospective study of risk factors of akathisia in terminally ill patients.
abstract: Akathisia is a distressing disorder that manifests as a state of restlessness and motor agitation. We aim to highlight the problem of akathisia to the palliative care physician by identifying and quantifying risk factors in the terminally ill. A retrospective case-control study was utilized to investigate risk factors for akathisia. Medical records of cases (N = 100) and controls (N = 365) archived in a computerized database were downloaded and risk factors determined using conditional logistic regression analyses. Exposure to pharmacologically similar drugs, such as haloperidol [odds ratio (OR), 18.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.2-41.4], prochlorperazine (OR, 8.1; 95% CI, 3.0-21.8), and promethazine (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3-8.0), conferred an increased risk. Other significant variables were exposure to morphine (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.9-14.2), sodium valproate (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.4), and sodium bicarbonate/tartrate (Ural) (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.2-15.3). Highlighting factors that predispose patients to akathisia emphasizes that this syndrome should not be forgotten when treating the terminally ill. It is recommended that those drugs identified should be judicially used and carefully monitored.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Australia.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Gattera
authors: B G
authors: BG
authors: Charles
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Williams
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Cavenagh
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Smithurst
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Luchjenbroers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors