title: Relative contribution of endothelium-derived relaxation factor to vascular tone in the systemic, pulmonary, and cerebral circulations of piglets.
abstract: We determined the contribution of endothelium-derived relaxation factor (EDRF) to vascular tone in the systemic, pulmonary, and cerebral circulations of piglets.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 piglets were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Systemic cardiac output was determined by an electromagnetic flow probe placed on the main pulmonary artery. Cerebral blood flow was assessed by determining unilateral internal carotid artery blood flow (ICBF) using a flow probe placed on the common carotid artery after ligation of the ipsilateral external carotid circulation. Progressive inhibition of EDRF was achieved by continuous infusion of the substituted L-arginine analog N-nitro-L-arginine (NNLA). Hemodynamic observations were compared at 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 30, and 80 mg/kg cumulative dose of NNLA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all NNLA doses > or = 1 mg/kg, both systemic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance were elevated. At all NNLA doses > or = 10 mg/kg, systemic cardiac output was reduced. At all NNLA doses > or = 10 mg/kg, pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were elevated. Although cerebral vascular resistance was elevated at all NNLA doses > or = 10 mg/kg, ICBF was maintained at or near baseline values up to a dose of 80 mg/kg. At all levels of EDRF inhibition, both the pulmonary and systemic circulations demonstrated approximately equal magnitudes of vasoconstriction. In contrast, at 30 and 80 mg/kg cumulative dose of NNLA, the cerebral circulation was relatively less constricted by NNLA than was the systemic circulation. Systemic VO2 was significantly reduced at 30 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg cumulative NNLA dose, while cerebral VO2 was preserved at both NNLA doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EDRF contributes to resting vasodilator tone in the systemic, pulmonary, and cerebral circulations in piglets. Progressive inhibition of EDRF constricts the systemic and pulmonary circulation equally. Inhibition of EDRF does not impair the ability of the brain to vary cerebral vascular resistance in order to redistribute blood flow towards itself during a period of reduced cardiac output.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Ill.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Rudinsky
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bell
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hipps
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Meadow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D019335:Nitroarginine; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine