title: Sources of calcium utilized in cholinergic responses in canine colonic smooth muscle.
abstract: Ratiometric fura 2 fluorescence techniques were used to investigate the sources of Ca2+ that lead to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the generation of force during cholinergic stimulation of canine colonic circular smooth muscle tissues. Acetylcholine (ACh; 1 microM) caused a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i and force. The initial upstroke phase was characterized by an increase in [Ca2+]i and a pronounced increase in force. The sustained phase was characterized by concurrent oscillations in [Ca2+]i and force (2-3/min) that persisted as long as ACh was present. The increase in [Ca2+]i in response to ACh was reduced to approximately 30% in the presence of nicardipine (1 microM), suggesting that L-type Ca2+ channels contribute to the rise in [Ca2+]i but that other sources also contribute. Preincubation in caffeine (10 mM) and ryanodine (10 microM) reduced the upstroke phase of the increase in [Ca2+]i and contractile responses to ACh, indicating that release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores contributes only to the initial cholinergic response. Responses to ACh persisted when nicardipine (1 microM) was included after emptying of caffeine-ryanodine-sensitive stores, suggesting the presence of additional sources of Ca2+. Data suggest that cholinergic regulation of [Ca2+]i in colonic smooth muscle occurs by a number of parallel pathways. Influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, and possibly Ca2+ entry through additional conductances activated by ACh all contribute to the regulation of [Ca2+]i.
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno 89557.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Sato
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Sanders
authors: W T
authors: WT
authors: Gerthoffer
authors: N G
authors: NG
authors: Publicover
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism*; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012433:Ryanodine; D002110:Caffeine; D009529:Nicardipine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium