title: Enhanced efficacy of combinations of retinoic acid- and retinoid X receptor-selective retinoids and alpha-interferon in inhibition of cervical carcinoma cell proliferation.
abstract: Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors form heterodimers, bind to retinoic acid response elements, and transactivate the transcription of retinoid-responsive genes. Two synthetic retinoids [4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-anthracenyl)benzoic acid (TTAB) and 6-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-2-naphthale n ecarboxylic acid (TTNN)], which preferentially bind retinoic acid receptors, inhibited the proliferation of cervical carcinoma ME180 cells by 50% at 0.2 nM and 0.2 microM, respectively. In contrast, two other retinoids [2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2- naphthalenyl)-1,3-dithiane (SR11203) and 4-(2-methyl-1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2- naphthalenyl)propenyl)benzoic acid (SR11217)], which preferentially bind retinoic X receptors, inhibited growth by only 12 and 18% at 1 microM, respectively. The combination of suboptimal concentrations of TTAB (0.1 nM) or TTNN (10 nM) with each of the retinoic X receptor-selective retinoids at 1 microM showed more than additive effects on cell proliferation, especially with SR11217. Further increases in proliferation inhibition were observed when IFN-alpha (100 units/ml) was added to these retinoid combinations. Activation of transcription of a reporter gene linked 3' to the retinoic acid receptor beta retinoic acid response element in transiently transfected cells also exhibited additive effects when the cells were treated with combinations of TTAB or TTNN with SR11217. This additive activation of transcription may be the reason why the combination of retinoids is more effective than each retinoid alone. The results also suggest that the use of combinations of retinoids and IFN-alpha may lead to enhanced antitumor effects.
authors: Department of Tumor Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Lotan
authors: M I
authors: MI
authors: Dawson
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Zou
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Jong
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Lotan
authors: C P
authors: CP
authors: Zou
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012176:Retinoids; D014212:Tretinoin; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase