title: Two-dimensional protein crystals (S-layers): fundamentals and applications.
abstract: Two-dimensional crystalline surface layers (S-layers) composed of protein or glycoprotein subunits are one of the most commonly observed prokaryotic cell envelope structures. Isolated S-layer subunits are endowed with the ability to assemble into monomolecular arrays in suspension, on surfaces or interfaces by an entropy-driven process. S-layer lattices are isoporous structures with functional groups located on the surface in an identical position and orientation. These characteristic features have already led to applications of S-layers as (1) ultrafiltration membranes with well-defined molecular weight cut-offs and excellent antifouling characteristics, (2) immobilization matrices for functional molecules as required for affinity and enzyme membranes, affinity microcarriers and biosensors, (3) conjugate vaccines, (4) carriers for Langmuir-Blodgett films and reconstituted biological membranes, and (5) patterning elements in molecular nanotechnology.
authors: Zentrum für Ultrastrukturforschung, Universität für Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austria.
authors: U B
authors: UB
authors: Sleytr
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sára
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Messner
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Pum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001709:Biotechnology; D003460:Crystallization; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014462:Ultrafiltration; D014612:Vaccines
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011506:Proteins; D014612:Vaccines