title: Antisperm antibodies in infertile women: subclass distribution of immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibodies and removal of IgA sperm-bound antibodies with a specific IgA1 protease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the immunoglobulin (Ig) A subclass distribution of antibodies in the serum and cervical mucus (CM) of infertile women and to evaluate the effect of an IgA1 protease on the removal of sperm-bound antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty infertile women with antisperm antibodies in serum (n = 10) or in CM (n = 10) were recruited for this study. Monoclonal antibodies to human IgA1 and IgA2 were conjugated to immunobeads and the IgA subclass distribution of antisperm antibodies was determined for positive serum and CM samples. The effect of an IgA1 protease (isolated from Neisseria meningitidis strain HF13) on sperm-bound antibodies was evaluated by immunobead binding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In serum, IgA1 subclass antisperm antibodies predominated (89%) when compared to IgA2 (11%). In CM IgA1 accounted for 62% and IgA2 accounted for 38% of the total IgA antisperm antibodies. Enzyme treatment was able to reduce dramatically the amount of serum IgA antibodies bound to sperm from 88% to 10%. Similarly, a significant reduction in CM antisperm antibodies was observed after enzymatic treatment with no loss in sperm motility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical mucus antisperm antibodies have a higher proportion of IgA2 subclass suggesting a local production of IgA. Specific IgA1 protease treatment is capable of reducing the amount of immunobead-detectable IgA on sperm. Hamster sperm penetration assays are ongoing to determine if this treatment might improve sperm penetration rates with antibody positive sperm.
authors: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
authors: W H
authors: WH
authors: Kutteh
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kilian
authors: L D
authors: LD
authors: Ermel
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Mestecky
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification*; D001963:Bromelains / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D003470:Culture Media; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D001963:Bromelains; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C021433:IgA-specific serine endopeptidase