title: Inhibitor of antagonist binding to the muscarinic receptor is elevated in Alzheimer's brain.
abstract: The 100,000 x g supernatant fraction of human brain contains endogenous inhibitors of antagonist binding to the muscarinic receptor. Significantly greater inhibition was observed with Alzheimer's than non-demented control supernatant fractions. Low molecular weight inhibitor was separated from larger inhibitor species by membrane dialysis (3,500 dalton cut-off). The activity of low molecular weight inhibitor was greatly increased by sulfhydryl reducing agents. While the low molecular weight inhibitor was stable to heat, acid and base for short time periods (< 20 min), it was inactivated by acid hydrolysis (50% loss after 16 h, 100% loss after 96 h). The low molecular weight inhibitor activity is elevated approximately three-fold in Alzheimer's brain. The low molecular weight inhibitor from Alzheimer's brain was found to be a non-competitive inhibitor. This is the first report of endogenous inhibitors in human brain of ligand binding to the muscarinic receptor and of increased inhibitor activity in Alzheimer's disease.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Treatment and Research Center, Ramsey Clinic/St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, St. Paul, MN 55101-2595.
authors: W H
authors: WH
authors: Frey
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Emory
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Wiebenga
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Saxena
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Cardelli
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Ala
authors: G D
authors: GD
authors: Tollefson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000494:pharmacology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008623:Mercaptoethanol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008875:Middle Aged; D008970:Molecular Weight; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011813:Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; D011813:Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; C031854:1,2-ethanedithiol; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase