title: P450 enzyme CYP2B catalyzes the detoxification of diisopropyl fluorophosphate.
abstract: Phenobarbital and some other enzyme-inducers are known to reduce organophosphate toxicity. One suggested mechanism is the induction of liver cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing monooxygenation reactions. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the cytochrome P450 subfamily, or P450 isoenzyme(s), participating in the detoxification of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) in the rat. DFP resulted in a type I spectrum in liver microsomes from phenobarbital- or RP 52028-treated rats (binding constants 0.32 and 0.17 microM, respectively) and in a purified P450 preparation enriched with CYP2B. The spectrum was reversible by metyrapone, an inhibitor of the CYP2B enzyme subfamily. The 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity was inhibited by DFP in liver microsomes from phenobarbital- or RP 52028-treated rats and in a reconstituted system containing the purified CYP2B preparation. In microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats, the inhibition was of a mixed type, i.e., competitive-non-competitive (Km = 0.5 microM; Ki = 6 microM). The microsomal fractions of livers from phenobarbital- or RP 52028-treated rats detoxified DFP effectively in vitro, as measured by a decrease in the DFP inhibition of cholinesterase activity. This detoxification was antagonized by metyrapone and by an antibody raised against purified CYP2B preparation. Clotrimazole, an inhibitor of P450 enzymes, inhibited the detoxification of DFP in rat liver in vivo. A genetically-modified hamster cell line expressing CYP2B1 oxidized NADPH in the presence of DFP. No such oxidation was detected in the parent cell line. These studies suggest that CYP2B1 metabolizes DFP and may significantly contribute to the detoxification of this organophosphate in vivo.
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Laaksonen
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Kaliste-Korhonen
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kärenlampi
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Hänninen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D002460:Cell Line; D003022:Clotrimazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007531:Isoflurophate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008797:Metyrapone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D007546:Isoquinolines; D007531:Isoflurophate; D009249:NADP; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1; C025619:steroid 16-beta-hydroxylase; D003022:Clotrimazole; C037850:PK 11195; D010634:Phenobarbital; D008797:Metyrapone