title: Effect of long-term digoxin therapy on autonomic function in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine the effect of long-term digoxin therapy on autonomic function in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Chronic heart failure is characterized by increased sympathetic activity and decreased parasympathetic activity. Intravenous digitalis has been found to reduce sympathetic activity immediately in these patients, but whether short-term neurohormonal effects are sustained during long-term oral therapy has not been assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined sympathetic activity in 26 patients with heart failure by measuring plasma norepinephrine levels and parasympathetic activity from variables of heart period variability derived from 24-h ambulatory electrocardiographic Holter recordings obtained before and after 4 to 8 weeks of digoxin therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After digoxin therapy, plasma norepinephrine decreased significantly from a mean +/- SEM of 552 +/- 80 to 390 +/- 37 ng/ml. In addition, the RR interval increased significantly from 719 +/- 19 to 771 +/- 20 ms. High frequency power increased from 84 +/- 24 to 212 +/- 72 ms2, and the root mean square of successive differences in RR interval increased from 20.3 +/- 1.8 to 27.0 +/- 3.4 ms, indicating a substantial increase in parasympathetic activity. Low frequency power, an index of baroreflex activity, was also significantly increased (239 +/- 80 to 483 +/- 144 ms2) by digoxin therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate 1) that long-term therapy with digoxin acts to ameliorate the autonomic dysfunction of patients with heart failure, and 2) that the short-term neurohormonal effects of digoxin are sustained during prolonged treatment with the drug.
authors: Division of Circulatory Physiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Krum
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Bigger
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Goldsmith
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Packer
mesh_terms: D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004077:Digoxin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004077:Digoxin; D009638:Norepinephrine