title: Isolation, identification and determination of sulfamethoxazole and its known metabolites in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: From human urine the following metabolites of sulfamethoxazole (S) were isolated by preparative HPLC: 5-methylhydroxysulfamethoxazole (SOH), N4-acetyl-5-methylhydroxysulfamethoxazole (N4SOH) and sulfamethoxazole-N1-glucuronide (Sgluc). The compounds were identified by NMR, mass spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, hydrolysis by beta-glucuronidase and ratio of capacity factors. The analysis of S and the metabolites N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole (N4), SOH, N4-hydroxysulfamethoxazole (N4OH), N4SOH, and Sgluc in human plasma and urine samples was performed with reversed-phase gradient HPLC with UV detection. In plasma, S and N4 could be detected in high concentrations, while the other metabolites were present in only minute concentrations. In urine, S and the metabolites and conjugates were present. The quantitation limit of the compounds in plasma are respectively: S and N4 0.10 micrograms/ml; N4SOH 0.13 micrograms/ml; N4OH 0.18 micrograms/ml; SOH 0.20 micrograms/ml; and Sgluc 0.39 microgram/ml. In urine the quantitation limits are: N4 and N4OH 1.4 micrograms/ml; S 1.5 micrograms/ml; N4SOH 1.9 micrograms/ml; SOH 3.5 micrograms/ml; and Sgluc 4.1 micrograms/ml. The method was applied to studies with healthy subjects and HIV positive patients.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Academic Hospital Nijmegen Sint Radboud, Netherlands.
authors: T B
authors: TB
authors: Vree
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: van der Ven
authors: C P
authors: CP
authors: Verwey-van Wissen
authors: E W
authors: EW
authors: van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer
authors: A E
authors: AE
authors: Swolfs
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: van Galen
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Amatdjais-Groenen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D013420:Sulfamethoxazole