title: Analysis of immunization route-related variation in the immune response to heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium in mice.
abstract: In examinations of the factors regulating the quality and quantity of the immune response to Salmonella typhimurium, we have shown previously that live and heat-killed preparations of S. typhimurium can induce gamma interferon-dominant and interleukin-4-dominant immune responses, respectively, upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization of BALB/c mice. Using this system to investigate the role of the route of immunization in the immune response, we show in the present study that i.p. immunization with heat-killed S. typhimurium generates a quantitatively better immune response than does intradermal (i.d.) immunization. The quantitative differences observed between the i.p. and i.d. routes are apparent in the amount of S. typhimurium-specific antibodies produced, the extent of responses in T-cell proliferation assays, and the quantities of lymphokines generated. However, the ratios of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes [IgG1/IgG2a] are comparable and the relative dominance of interleukin-4 over gamma interferon is seen in both i.p.- and i.d.-immunized mice, suggesting that the predominant T-cell effector pathways triggered are not qualitatively dependent on the route of immunization. An examination of the antigenic profile recognised by the B-cell and T-cell responses in i.p.- versus i.d.-immunized mice shows that while the Western immunoblot patterns recognized by serum antibodies from the two groups of mice were not significantly different, T cells from i.p.-immunized mice recognized a broader spectrum of antigens in an immunoblot assay than did those from i.d.-immunized mice. These data suggest that there may be a significant difference in the antigen-processing ability of peritoneal and dermal antigen-presenting cells for complex antigenic formulations such as bacterial vaccines.
authors: National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Thatte
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rath
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Bal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000032:analysis; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma