title: Temporal dynamics of healing in rabbit cranial defects using guided bone regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to histologically evaluate the early stages of bone regeneration using rabbit calvaria defects in conjunction with guided tissue regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A semilunar cutaneous-periosteal flap was raised on the forehead of four rabbits exposing the top of the skull. A standardized transosseous skull defect (> or = 15 mm in diameter) was made in the area of the right parietal bone with a rotating round bur. Care was taken not to damage the underlying dura. A flat expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane was placed to cover the defect. The membrane was tightly adapted, extending at least 4 mm onto intact bone, and the flap was sutured. One, 2, 3, and 5 weeks later, the specimens were removed and processed using standard, undecalcified, hard-tissue histologic techniques. Contact radiographs were also taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone growth increased with time, starting at the borders of the defect. At 1 week, trabeculae of woven bone grew into the highly vascularized loose connective tissue occupying the defect. Two weeks postsurgery, isolated islands of new bone were detected in this connective tissue. Subsequently, neighboring small islands merged to form large islands. In later stages, the primary trabeculae of woven bone were reinforced by layers of regularly deposited lamellar bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rabbit calvaria defects treated by guided tissue regeneration heal by ingrowth of woven bone from the defect margins and by formation of bony islands within the defect area. Bone healing showed the histophysiological characteristics of intramembranous bone.
authors: University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Hämmerle
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Schmid
authors: N P
authors: NP
authors: Lang
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Olah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010294:Parietal Bone; D010521:Periosteum / Q000502:physiology; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D011817:Rabbits; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene