title: Nuclear factor kappa B functions as a negative regulator for the rat androgen receptor gene and NF-kappa B activity increases during the age-dependent desensitization of the liver.
abstract: Transcriptional regulation of the steroid hormone receptor genes plays a central role in temporal changes of target cell sensitivity during development, maturation, and aging. Sequence-specific DNA-protein interactions mediate these regulatory functions. Progressive 5' deletion of the rat androgen receptor (rAR) gene immediately beyond the -572 base pair (bp) region causes a marked increase in its promoter activity. DNase I footprinting with nuclear proteins revealed a protected area encompassing -574- to -554-bp positions that begins with a perfectly palindromic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) motif. Electrophoretic mobility shift analyses (EMSA) showed that the decameric rAR NF-kappa B site at positions -574 to -565 cross-competes with the authentic kappa immunoglobulin light chain enhancer for specific protein binding. Supershift with specific antibodies to NF-kappa B subunits confirmed that the two retarded bands observed in the EMSA with the labeled rAR probe are due to p50/p65 and p50/p50 dimers of the NF-kappa B/Rel proteins. Fragments of rAR promoter with either deletion or point mutation of the NF-kappa B site are found to be about 2- to 3-fold more effective as compared to the wild type control in driving a heterologous reporter gene in cellulo. Thus, unlike most other known cases, NF-kappa B acts as a negative regulator for the rAR gene. The physiological relevance of this repressor function is evident from a 10-fold increase in the p50/p50 form of the NF-kappa B activity in the liver of aged rats exhibiting hepatic androgen desensitization. The newly identified repressor element is a rare example of a naturally occurring perfect palindromic binding motif for the NF-kappa B/Rel family of transcription factors. This repressor factor and the positively acting age-dependent factor, ADF, described earlier (Supakar, P. C., Song, C. S., Jung, M. H., Slomczynska, M. A., Kim, J.-M., Vellanoweth, R. L., Chatterjee, B. & Roy, A. K. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26400-26408) function to coordinate the tissue-specific down-regulation of the rAR gene during aging.
authors: Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284.
authors: P C
authors: PC
authors: Supakar
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Jung
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Song
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Chatterjee
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Roy
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D011944:Receptors, Androgen