title: Characterization of spatial distortion in magnetic resonance imaging and its implications for stereotactic surgery.
abstract: The different sources of spatial distortion in magnetic resonance images are reviewed from the point of view of stereotactic target localization. The extents of the two most complex sources of spatial distortion, gradient field nonlinearities and magnetic field inhomogeneities, are discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Several ways by which the spatial distortion resulting from these sources can be minimized are discussed. The clinical relevance of the spatial distortion along with some strategies to minimize the localization errors in magnetic resonance-guided stereotaxy are presented.
authors: Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
authors: T S
authors: TS
authors: Sumanaweera
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Adler
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Napel
authors: G H
authors: GH
authors: Glover
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation; D002138:Calibration; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*