title: Comparison of the operating microscope and loupes for free microvascular tissue transfer.
abstract: A retrospective study of 200 consecutive free microvascular tissue transfers over a 3-year period was done to compare the performance of free-tissue transfers with loupes and with the operating microscope. One-hundred and nineteen flaps (59.5 percent) were performed under 3.5 x loupe magnification and 81 under the operating microscope (40.5 percent). The magnification selection process was based on cumulative past experience, with all early anastomoses performed with the microscope and the vast majority of the more recent operations performed with loupe magnification. Loupes were used preferentially for head and neck reconstruction and breast reconstruction. The microscope was required for performing vascular anastomoses on children and on vessels less than or equal to 1.5 mm in diameter. Results were compared with respect to etiology of defect, type of flap, age of patient, free-flap success, complications, and overall success of the reconstruction. There was no difference in outcome between the two groups, with free-flap success rates of 99 percent for both the loupe and the microscope groups. We believe that our success with loupe-only free-tissue transfers is attributable to our prior considerable experience with the microscope. We would caution that comfort and experience with microanastomoses under the operating microscope should be obtained prior to beginning a loupe-only experience.
authors: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine, N.Y.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Serletti
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Deuber
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Guidera
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Reading
authors: H R
authors: HR
authors: Herrera
authors: V F
authors: VF
authors: Reale
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Wray
authors: V Y
authors: VY
authors: Bakamjian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000601:surgery*; D008853:Microscopy; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome