title: Radioprotection against biological effects of internal radionuclides in vivo by S-(2-aminoethyl)isothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET).
abstract: Radionuclides employed in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine impart radiation energy to tissue over an extended period of time, which depends on the physical half-life and the biological properties of the radiochemical employed. It is therefore important to examine the capacity of chemical radioprotectors to mitigate damage caused by chronic irradiation by incorporated radionuclides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spermatogenesis in mouse testis is used as the experimental model, and spermatogonial cell survival as measured by testicular spermhead count is the biological end point. The capacity of S-(2-aminoethyl)isothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET) to mitigate radiation damage caused by chronic irradiation by the radiochemicals 125IUdR, H125IPDM and 210Po-citrate, is investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The radioprotection provided by AET is substantial and similar for both of the radioiodinated compounds with dose modification factors (DMF) of 4.0 +/- 1.2 for 125IUdR and 3.4 +/- 0.4 for H125IPDM. In contrast, the damage caused by 210Po alpha particles is protected against to a lesser degree (DMF = 2.4 +/- 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present radioprotection data for AET, in conjunction with our earlier findings for the chemical protectors cysteamine and vitamin C in the same experimental model, suggest that such compounds may be clinically useful as mitigating agents against biological damage caused by incorporated radionuclides. The observed DMFs for AET also support our earlier premise that the mechanism by which DNA-incorporated Auger emitters impart biological damage is primarily radical mediated, and hence indirect in nature.
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103.
authors: V R
authors: VR
authors: Narra
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Harapanhalli
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Goddu
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Howell
authors: D V
authors: DV
authors: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004583:Electrons; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011059:Polonium; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D013076:Sperm Count; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013737:Testis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000338:beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D000338:beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea; D011059:Polonium