title: Two separate sites contribute to AP-1 activation of the promoter for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase.
abstract: Metabolic flux into the mevalonate pathway is regulated by end product repression and cell growth. In the experiments reported here the transcriptional promoter for an early enzyme of the pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, is shown to be activated by the growth stimulatory agent tetraphorbol acetate (TPA). We show that TPA has a direct stimulatory action on the promoter and further that this is mediated by the AP-1 transcription factor. In addition, we show that there are two separate cis-acting sites that bind AP-1 and both are required for maximal stimulation. We further show that in AP-1-deficient cells ectopic expression of AP-1 stimulates synthetic promoters containing two copies of each synthase element upstream of a minimal promoter. The physiological rationale of having both end product repression and direct activation by growth stimulatory cues is discussed.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine 92717-3900.
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Vallett
authors: T F
authors: TF
authors: Osborne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D004247:DNA; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate