title: Source of nuclear calcium signals.
abstract: Transient increases of Ca2+ concentration in the nucleus regulate gene expression and other nuclear processes. We investigated whether nuclear Ca2+ signals could be regulated independently of the cytoplasm or were controlled by cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals. A fluorescent Ca2+ indicator that is targeted to the nucleus was synthesized by coupling a nuclear localization peptide to Calcium Green dextran, a 70-kDa Ca2+ indicator. Stimulation of rat basophilic leukemia cells by antigen or by photolytic uncaging of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induced transient increases in nuclear and cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. Elevations in the nuclear Ca2+ concentration followed those in the nearby perinuclear cytosol within 200 ms. Heparin-dextran, an inhibitor of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor that is excluded from the nucleus, was synthesized to specifically block the release of Ca2+ from cytosolic stores. Addition of this inhibitor suppressed Ca2+ transients in the nucleus and the cytosol. We conclude that the Ca2+ level in the nucleus is not independently controlled. Rather, nuclear Ca2+ increases follow cytosolic Ca2+ increases with a short delay most likely due to Ca2+ diffusion from the cytosol through the nuclear pores.
authors: Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, CA 94305.
authors: N L
authors: NL
authors: Allbritton
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Oancea
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Kuhn
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D010455:Peptides; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D002118:Calcium