title: Normal and developmental aspects of masochism: transcultural and clinical implications.
abstract: Masochism in all its forms has challenged psychoanalytic theories of development a and treatment since Freud (1905, 1919, 1924). It might appear paradoxical to present a concept of normal masochism while masochism has been considered to be so pathological, but I have proposed this concept (Nakakuki 1982, 1984) as a part of normal mental functioning through my experience and study of "traditional" Japanese culture, which I believe contains the features of normal masochism. It is normal in that it represents Japanese adaptation to their cultural orientation and expectations.
authors: University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nakakuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004532:Ego; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008398:Masochism; D010553:Personality Development; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory