title: Implantation of transvenous nonthoracotomy cardioverter-defibrillator systems in patients with permanent endocardial pacemakers.
abstract: Among 177 patients in whom a nonthoracotomy approach was initially used to implant a cardioverter-defibrillator system, 11 (6%) patients also received a separately implanted permanent pacemaker. The main problem encountered in these patients were previously implanted unipolar pacemakers (n = 3) and ventricular pacing leads positioned at the right ventricular apex, the latter interfering with optimal placement of the tripolar implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) lead (n = 9). The approaches used to solve these problems were individualized and included placement of the ICD sensing lead at the right ventricular outflow tract (n = 3), initial placement (n = 1) or subsequent repositioning (n = 2) of the right ventricular pacing lead at the outflow tract, upgrade from unipolar to bipolar systems (n = 2), reprogramming from the DDD to AAI mode (n = 2), inactivation of the pacemaker (n = 1), and simultaneous placement of a single-chamber atrial pacemaker with the ICD lead (n = 2). These revisions fulfilled the pacing needs in each patient and prevented unfavorable sensing interaction between the two systems.
authors: Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Brooks
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Garan
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: McGovern
authors: J N
authors: JN
authors: Ruskin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011859:Radiography; D013908:Thoracotomy