title: Infection with human immunodeficiency viruses and human T-cell lymphotropic viruses in the same individuals in Nigeria.
abstract: The rate of coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 or 2 and human lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I or II was determined in Nigeria using 4153 human sera collected from different categories of people in 21 locations in the country. Eight (0.2%) of samples showed evidence of mixed infection with different combinations of HIV-1 or 2 and HTLV-I or II. One of the eight samples was positive for the four human retroviruses. Patients with other sexually transmitted diseases and those of sexually active age groups are more likely to be infected with multiple human retroviruses than other categories of people whose sera were tested. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between genders. The clinical and virological implications of this finding are discussed.
authors: Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors: O D
authors: OD
authors: Olaleye
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Ekweozor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000276:immunology; D015481:HTLV-I Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015482:HTLV-II Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015491:HTLV-II Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015481:HTLV-I Antibodies; D015482:HTLV-II Antibodies