title: Resting and action potentials of nonischemic and chronically ischemic human ventricular muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of chronic ischemia on the electrical properties of human cardiac tissue is not well understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Membrane potentials were studied using microelectrode techniques in isolated human ventricular tissues obtained from nonischemic (n = 17) or chronically ischemic (n = 7) myocardium. In normal Tyrode's solution, resting potential (Vr) was lower in ischemic (-70.1 +/- 2.12 mV) than in nonischemic muscles (-77.6 +/- 0.93 mV; mean +/- SEM; P < 0.05). In high [K]o (> 10 mM) media, Vr was of similar magnitude in both types of tissue (in 21.6 mM [K]o, Vr was -53.1 +/- 2.24 mV in nonischemic and -49.6 +/- 2.03 mV in ischemic preparations; n = 7 each; P > 0.05). Lowering [K]o caused persistent hyperpolarization in nonischemic muscles, but caused depolarization in chronically ischemic preparations (in 2.7 mM [K]o, Vr was -84.9 +/- 2.74 mV and -61.7 +/- 7.72 mV, respectively; n = 7; P < 0.05). Pinacidil (100 microM) normalized the response of chronically ischemic preparations to [K]o. Action potentials (APs) from nonischemic tissues varied in shape and could show aberrations. Epinephrine (1.5 microM) and 4-aminopyridine (3 mM) increased the AP duration, while butanedione monoxime (20 mM) and tetrodotoxin (1 microM) shortened it. In chronically ischemic muscles, the AP was characterized by the absence of a plateau and the presence of a slow phase of final repolarization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differential effect of low [K]o on the resting membrane potential of nonischemic and chronically ischemic tissues suggests a change in the properties or the regulation of background K+ channels during chronic ischemia.
authors: Centre of Experimental Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Mubagwa
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Flameng
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Carmeliet
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003931:Diacetyl / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C004717:diacetylmonoxime; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D003931:Diacetyl; D011188:Potassium; D004837:Epinephrine