title: Muscarinic inhibition of cardiac norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y release during ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: It was the aim of the present study to characterize the modulatory effect of muscarinic agonists on the overflow of norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y (NPY) from the in situ perfused guinea pig heart, induced by electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion (6 Hz, 5 V, 1 min). The muscarinic agonists oxotremorine (0.01-1 microM) and carbachol (0.1-10 microM) reduced norepinephrine and NPY overflow in a concentration-dependent manner to approximately 30% of control. The inhibitory effect of carbachol was antagonized by the unspecific muscarinic antagonist atropine (1 microM) but not by the nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium (100 microM). The M2-specific antagonist AF-DX-116BS was 25 times more potent than the M1-specific antagonist pirenzepine in antagonizing the inhibitory effect of carbachol [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.2 microM for AF-DX-116BS; IC50 = 5.0 microM for pirenzepine]. These findings indicate that presynaptic muscarinic inhibition of stimulated norepinephrine and NPY release from the guinea pig heart is mediated mainly by activation of M2 receptors. As early as 2 min after stop-flow ischemia, the inhibitory effect of carbachol (10 microM) on the stimulation-evoked overflow of norepinephrine and NPY was lost. On reperfusion with oxygenated buffer after 10 min of stop-flow ischemia the inhibitory effect of carbachol (10 microM) on stimulation-induced norepinephrine and NPY overflow recovered within 3 min.
authors: Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Haunstetter
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Haass
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Yi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Krüger
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Kübler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010095:Oxotremorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D010890:Pirenzepine; D010095:Oxotremorine; D001285:Atropine; D002217:Carbachol; C048593:otenzepad; D009638:Norepinephrine