title: Cytokine expression in the liver during the early phase of murine tularemia.
abstract: Cytokine expression was determined in the livers of mice inoculated subcutaneously with Francisella tularensis LVS. During the first 48 h of infection, there was a logarithmic increase of bacteria in the liver, with a doubling time of 2.5 h. Within 48 h, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mRNAs were expressed, and production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was demonstrated. There was no expression within 96 h of mRNA from IL-2, IL-3, or IL-4. After subcutaneous inoculation of heat-killed LVS, no expression of any of the cytokine mRNAs and no increase in the levels of TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma occurred. The expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IFN-gamma is held to be important to evoke an early T-cell-independent host defense against F. tularensis as well as to drive the expansion of a protective Th1 cell response.
authors: Department of Microbiology, National Defence Research Establishment, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Golovliov
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Sandström
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ericsson
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sjöstedt
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tärnvik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014406:Tularemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma