title: A positron emission tomographic study of simple phobic symptom provocation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of this study was to determine the mediating neuroanatomy of simple phobic symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Positron emission tomography and oxygen 15 were used to measure normalized regional cerebral blood flow in seven subjects with simple phobia during control and provoked states. Stereotactic transformation and statistical parametric mapping techniques were employed to determine the locations of significant activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical parametric maps demonstrated significant increases in normalized regional blood flow for the symptomatic state compared with the control state in the anterior cingulate cortex, the insular cortex, the anterior temporal cortex, the somatosensory cortex, the posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex, and the thalamus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that anxiety associated with the simple phobic symptomatic state is mediated by paralimbic structures. Moreover, activation of somatosensory cortex may reflect tactile imagery as one component of the phobic symptomatic condition.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Rauch
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Savage
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: Alpert
authors: E C
authors: EC
authors: Miguel
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Baer
authors: H C
authors: HC
authors: Breiter
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Fischman
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Manzo
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Moretti
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Jenike
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013788:Thalamus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes