title: Penicillin-resistant pneumococci from pediatric patients in the Washington, DC, area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of penicillin-resistant pneumococci (PRP) isolated from patients in a pediatric hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  All (108) isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from usually sterile body sites between June 1, 1992, and May 31, 1993, were screened for susceptibility to penicillin by the E-test method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin and other antibiotics were also determined by an agar dilution method for 10 PRP and 22 penicillin-susceptible strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen isolates (12.9%) were PRP by the E-test; nine of these (8.3%) were intermediately resistant and five (4.6%) were highly resistant. All strains were sensitive to rifampin and vancomycin. Increased frequency of resistance to oral and parenteral cephalosporins and carbapenems was found among PRP; for most of these antibiotics, resistance exceeded 40% of the PRP. In addition, 20% of the PRP were resistant to macrolides and all penicillin-susceptible and PRP were resistant to a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decreased susceptibility to oral and parenteral cephalosporins, macrolides, a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, and carbapenems creates a significant problem in the treatment of pneumococcal infections in both ambulatory and hospitalized patients.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pikis
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Akram
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Donkersloot
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Campos
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004219:District of Columbia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins