title: Food processing and maize variety affects amounts of starch escaping digestion in the small intestine.
abstract: Two meals which differed greatly in resistant starch (RS) concentration, but otherwise had similar macronutrient composition (including nonstarch polysaccharides), were fed for breakfast to five subjects with ileostomies. The high-RS meal included bread made from high-amylose maize, uncooked green banana flour, and coarsely ground uncooked wheat. The low-RS meal contained bread made from low-amylose maize, cooked green banana flour, and cooked wheat. The effluent produced over 14 h was analyzed for the total amount of starch escaping digestion. In the low-RS meal 51.8 +/- 6.2 g (mean +/- SD) starch was consumed and 2.4 +/- 0.6 g recovered in the effluent, while for the high-RS meal a total of 52.7 +/- 8.8 g starch was fed and 19.9 +/- 5.2 g recovered in the effluent. The ileostomy results provided additional validation of an in vitro resistant starch assay. Scanning electron micrographs of effluent from one subject who consumed the high-amylose bread revealed that many intact starch granules escaped digestion in the small intestine.
authors: School of Nutrition and Public Health, Deakin University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Muir
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Birkett
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Brown
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Jones
authors: K
authors: K
authors: O'Dea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004063:Digestion; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013213:Starch