title: Retrospective assessment of exposure through modeling in a study on cancer risks among workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols and dioxins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed at developing a model for the retrospective assessment of exposures in epidemiologic studies when little or no data on past exposures are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  A deterministic model was developed for the level of exposure by industrial hygienists involved in an international study on cancer risks among phenoxy herbicide or chlorophenol manufacturing workers and pesticide sprayers. The general source-receptor model was used as the conceptual framework for the model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model included variables related to job, the emission of chemicals, contact with chemicals, personal protection, and other relevant determinants of exposure. Cumulative dose indices were calculated from the duration of exposure (from the work histories) and the level of exposure (from the model).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deterministic modeling in complex exposure situations may provide more valid and reliable results than its conventional alternative, subjective assessment by an expert.
authors: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki.
authors: T P
authors: TP
authors: Kauppinen
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Pannett
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Marlow
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kogevinas
mesh_terms: D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D004147:Dioxins; D006540:Herbicides