title: Phase I study of interleukin-2 combined with interferon-alpha and 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer.
abstract: Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) each has produced a 15%-20% response in metastatic renal cell cancer. Combining IFN-alpha with either IL-2 or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) enhanced IFN-alpha activity. We have therefore conducted a Phase I Study combining IL-2, IFN-alpha, and 5-FU. The patients were continuously infused with IL-2 (1-3 x 10(6) u/m2) and 5-FU (600-750 mg/m2) for a 5-day period every 28 days, and IFN-alpha (4-5 x 10(6) u/m2) was injected subcutaneously daily. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and natural killer (NK) cell activity was measured on days 0 and 8. Twenty-one patients received 76 courses. All primary tumors were controlled by surgery (81%) or angioinfarction. Hematologic toxicity was mild; median nadir of platelets was 117 K/microL and of granulocytes was 1.2 K/microL. Dose-limiting toxicity included mucositis, liver damage, and hypotension. No treatment-related death occurred, and only one patient required intensive-care-unit support. Two patients had an objective response, one of which was a complete response. Increased LAK cell and NK cell activity occurred at all IL-2 dose levels. Simultaneous delivery of IL-2, IFN-alpha, and 5-FU is safe and shows antitumor and biologic activity. 5-FU did not appear to suppress IL-2-induced LAK and NK cell activation. Maximum tolerated dose of the three-drug combination is IL-2, 2 x 10(6) u/m2, 5-FU 600 mg/m2, and IFN-alpha, 4 x 10(6) u/m2.
authors: Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sella
authors: R G
authors: RG
authors: Kilbourn
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Gray
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Finn
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Zukiwski
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ellerhorst
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Amato
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Logothetis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012074:Remission Induction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D005472:Fluorouracil