title: Macular sparing as a perimetric artifact.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the hypothesis that the typical macular sparing of a few degrees was based on an unstable fixation coupled with a nystagmiform searching movement in the direction of the seeing hemiretina.
  
  
  METHODS
  By means of microperimetry with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, we recently tested the visual fields of 15 hemianoptic patients, through direct visual control of the retina. The tests provided us with accurate information about all fixation shifts that occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients showed macular sparing of 1 to 5 degrees both in the Goldmann visual field and in the scanning laser ophthalmoscope field. Their fixation shifted regularly 1 to 10 degrees toward the seeing hemiretina one to two times per second, then returned rapidly to the foveola. Conversely, three patients showed greater macular sparing, and they all had particular characteristics--extensive fixation shifts, dual fixation, and limited quadrantanopsia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that macular sparing could be interpreted as a perimetric (not an anatomic) artifact, provided that the results of these tests on 15 patients are confirmed by further similar studies.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Bischoff
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lang
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Huber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016477:Artifacts; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006423:Hemianopsia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*