title: Constitutive over-expression of transforming growth factor-alpha in rat liver epithelial cells leads to increased cell cycling without transformation.
abstract: Over-expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is consistently seen in spontaneous transformants of rat liver derived epithelial cells (RLE phi 13) and has been implicated in the transformation of other cultured cells. We have constitutively over-expressed TGF-alpha in RLE phi 13 cells, which are known to express epidermal growth factor receptors, to determine if TGF-alpha over-expression plays a role in transformation or differentiation, or both, of these cells. Early passage RLE phi 13 cells were infected with a replication-defective murine retrovirus that expresses both the full length coding sequence for human TGF-alpha and the neomycin-resistance gene. Integration of the transcriptionally active provirus and expression of TGF-alpha mRNA were confirmed. Neither morphologic transformation nor molecular evidence for differentiation was noted in TGF-alpha-producing clones. However, these clones did exhibit an accelerated growth rate, increased expression of several cell cycle related genes including mitotic cyclic B1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, c-myc, and p53 as well as increased expression of the preneoplastic marker enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase. This suggests that over-expression of TGF-alpha results in increased cell cycling, and that subsequent events must be necessary for cellular transformation or differentiation or both.
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: T B
authors: TB
authors: Tan
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Marino
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Padmanabhan
authors: L L
authors: LL
authors: Hampton
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Hanley-Hyde
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Thorgeirsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009355:Neomycin; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D009355:Neomycin