Homologous and heterologous neutralization antibody responses after immunization with Japanese encephalitis vaccine among Taiwan children.
Because 21 immunized children (13%) among the 162 confirmed Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases during 1986-1991 occurred in Taiwan, we collected 320 serum samples from Taiwan children aged 15-31 and 27-44 months immediately before the 1st dose (n = 41) and 1-3 months after the 2nd dose (n = 78, 27 pairs), and immediately before (n = 58) and 1-3 months after the 3rd dose (n = 143, 44 pairs) to determine neutralization antibody (Nt Ab) against the Nakayama (N) and Beijing-1 (B) strains and two Taiwan wild type JE viruses (JEV): CC-27 and CH-1392. Our Nt results showed that (1) B vaccine stimulated a better homologous Ab response than N vaccine for Nt Ab seropositivity rate (NASR), produced a higher level of Nt titer after the primary immunization [2 doses = 100% vs. 91%, geometric mean titer (GMT) = 115 vs. 22], had a greater booster effect (3 doses: 100% vs. 95%; GMT = 320 vs 33), and showed a better capability to neutralize two local Taiwan JEV strains, particularly only after 3 doses (ave. NASR for B vs. N = 90% vs. 10%; and GMT for B vs. N = 154 vs. 1); (2) the two wild type JEV strains had different plaque morphology and antigenic variation and the CC-27 strain was not neutralized as well as the CH-1392 strain after 3 doses of vaccine (BBB or NNN or NNB); and (3) 30% of the children had lost JEV Nt Ab one year after the 2nd dose of N vaccine and natural infection with JE virus did occur among those children after immunization. In conclusion, (1) three doses of mouse-brain vaccine are the minimum requirement to protect children against the local Taiwan JEV-, (2) the best strain for a JE vaccine depends on level of Nt Ab it induced, the molecular epidemiology and antigenic variation of the JEV in each local area; and (3) future vaccine must produce better B- and T-cell memory.
Ku
C C
CC
Institute of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China.
King
C C
CC
Lin
C Y
CY
Hsu
H C
HC
Chen
L Y
LY
Yueh
Y Y
YY
Chang
G J
GJ
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000276:immunology*; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013624:Taiwan; D013997:Time Factors; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines