Dengue in the health transition.
The "Health Transition" describes the medical consequences which accompany the demographic transition and development. In many Asian countries, as the infectious diseases of infancy decline, such as diarrhea, acute respiratory disease, measles and malaria, so too, do infant mortality rates. As a consequence of falling infant mortality rates and declines in fertility, the age pyramid has become more rectangular. No longer is nearly half of the population under the age of 15 years. Diseases of adults are beginning to become predominant: trauma, heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes. Life expectancy has increased along with costs of the health care system. As a fraction of per capita gross domestic product, health care is beginning to become a major national expense. It is ironic that the one vector-borne infectious disease likely to bridge the health transition in tropical countries is dengue. As evidenced by the experience of Singapore and Taiwan, modern housing and commercial development provide more, rather than fewer breeding places for Aedes aegypti. Greater affluence often means less compliance with mosquito control programs. Meanwhile, the dengue viruses, heeding some unknown genetic imperative, cause ever more severe disease. Modern Asian societies must count dengue as a real and enduring threat. To prevent costly hospitalizations and a sense of social disorder, effective measures must be adopted to achieve a significant reduction of Aedes aegypti populations. Sustained dengue control requires source reduction which, in turn depends upon imaginative leadership, skilled man power, legislative authority, an authentic national research program and intersectoral cooperation. A leadership role beckons for new actors in the control of Aedes aegypti: large municipalities, environmental agencies and the private sector.
Halstead
S B
SB
Health Sciences Division, Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000639:trends*; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged