Halothane and isoflurane decrease the open state probability of K+ channels in dog cerebral arterial muscle cells.
BACKGROUND
Both halothane and isoflurane evoke cerebral vasodilation. One of the potential mechanisms for arterial vasodilation is enhanced K+ efflux resulting from an increased opening frequency of membrane K+ channels. The current study was designed to determine the effects of volatile anesthetics on K+ channel current in single vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from dog cerebral arteries.


METHODS
Patch clamp recording techniques were used to investigate the effects of volatile anesthetics on macroscopic and microscopic K+ channel currents.


RESULTS
In the whole-cell patch-clamp mode, in cells dialyzed with pipette solution containing 2.5 mM EGTA and 1.8 mM CaCl2, depolarizing pulses from -60 to +60 mV elicited an outward K+ current that was blocked 65 +/- 5% by 3 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA). Halothane (0.4 and 0.9 mM) depressed the amplitude of this current by 18 +/- 4% and 34 +/- 6%, respectively. When 10 mM EGTA was used in the pipette solution to strongly buffer intracellular free Ca2+, an outward K+ current insensitive to 3 mM TEA was elicited. This K+ current, which was reduced 51 +/- 4% by 1 mM 4-aminopyridine, was also depressed by 17 +/- 5% and 29 +/- 7% with application of 0.4 and 0.9 mM halothane, respectively. In cell-attached patches using 145 mM KCl in the pipette solution and 5.2 mM KCl in the bath, the unitary conductance of the predominant channel type detected was 99 pS. External application of TEA (0.1 to 3 mM) reduced the unitary current amplitude of the 99 pS K+ channel in a concentration-dependent manner. The open state probability of this 99 pS K+ channel was increased by 1 microM Ca2+ ionophore (A23187). These findings indicate that the 99 pS channel measured in cell-attached patches was a TEA-sensitive, Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel. Halothane and isoflurane reversibly decreased the open state probability (NPo), mean open time, and frequency of opening of this 99 pS K+ channel without affecting single channel amplitude or the slope of the current-voltage relationship.


CONCLUSIONS
Halothane and isoflurane suppress the activity of K+ channels in canine cerebral arterial cells. These results suggest that mechanisms other than K+ channel opening likely mediate volatile anesthetic-induced vasodilation.
Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
H
H
Eskinder
D
D
Gebremedhin
J G
JG
Lee
N J
NJ
Rusch
F D
FD
Supan
J P
JP
Kampine
Z J
ZJ
Bosnjak
D000818:Animals; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D011188:Potassium / Q000502:physiology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
D015221:Potassium Channels; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; D007530:Isoflurane; D011188:Potassium; D006221:Halothane