MAPKs: new JNK expands the group.
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated by dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine in response to a wide array of extracellular stimuli. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a series of extracellular stimuli. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a series of MAPK signal transduction pathways have been demonstrated to control many cellular functions. By contrast, mammalian MAPKs are more poorly understood. However, recent studies have established important roles for three separate groups of mammalian MAPKs, which are characterized by distinct dual phosphorylation motifs. Together, these protein kinases mediate signal transduction in mammalian tissues and control many aspects of cellular physiology.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605.
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D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects*
D008934:Mitogens; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases