Molecular pathways for presynaptic calcium signaling.
The results presented in this article describe two distinct, Ca-regulated molecular pathways in presynaptic terminals and implicate these two pathways in differentially mediating neurotransmitter secretion and PTP. Our current view of the Ca-dependent triggering of secretion and PTP is shown in Fig. 9. According to this scheme, differential activation of these two pathways is achieved by a combination of diffusion-based dilution of Ca that enters the terminal through voltage-gated Ca channels and by coupling these pathways to Ca receptors with different affinities for Ca ions. A simple way to achieve these conditions is to position these two receptors at different distances from the Ca channels, as shown in Fig. 2. Given that Ca ions are involved in activating many different presynaptic processes (Fig. 1), we propose that closer scrutiny of the molecular physiology of nerve terminals will reveal a wide variety of Ca-activated pathways responsible for producing these diverse processes.
Augustine
G J
GJ
Depatment of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Betz
H
H
Bommert
K
K
Charlton
M P
MP
DeBello
W M
WM
Hans
M
M
Swandulla
D
D
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D050857:Synaptotagmins
D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D050857:Synaptotagmins; D002118:Calcium