Cell cycle control by steroid hormones.
Steroid hormones have well documented stimulatory and inhibitory effects on target cell proliferation. These effects are steroid- and target cell-specific and are mediated by cell cycle phase-specific actions. The molecular mechanisms by which steroids control rates of cell cycle progression are, however, not well defined. Recent advances in our understanding of cell cycle control by proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and cyclin dependent kinases provide models for further delineating the molecular basis of proliferation control by steroids. Transcriptional activation of c-fos, c-myc and cyclin D1 by estrogens and progestins in breast cancer cells and inhibition of expression of these genes by antiestrogens provide a paradigm for further understanding cell cycle control by steroids.
Cancer Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Musgrove
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Sutherland
D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes
D016213:Cyclins; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D011372:Progestins; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases