[Contraception in patients with type I diabetes: a survey of 808 women of reproductive age].
In-depth advice about contraception is important for type I diabetic women since special medical aspects have to be considered and because pregnancy should be planned. The actual contraceptive practice in diabetic women living in Germany had not been investigated before.


METHODS
In December 1992 type I diabetic women of 16 to 46 yrs of age who had consecutively participated in a diabetic treatment and teaching programme (n = 1028) were mailed a multiple-choice questionnaire about reproductive and contraceptive issues. 409 non-diabetic women were also questioned and served as a control group.


RESULTS
808 diabetic women (age 32[7] yrs, duration of diabetes 14[8] yrs) returned the questionnaire. The percentage of women using a method of contraception was comparable between diabetic and control women (76 vs. 72%). Of these, fewer diabetic women used oral contraceptives (OC) (33 vs. 57%). The OC-using diabetic women were younger than those using other methods (27[5] vs. 33[7] yrs), however 63% had at least one of the contraindications for OC-use (smoking, hypertension, proteinuria, retinopathy, poor metabolic control) and 18% were using high-dose preparations. More diabetic than control women used IUDs (19 vs. 12%) and more diabetic women were sterilised (19 vs. 9%). Compared to controls diabetic women had had sterilisation at a younger age (31[5] vs. 36[4] yrs) and more sterilised women were childless (29 vs. 14%). Methods of lower efficacy (condom, diaphragma, spermatocides) were used by 26% of diabetic women (controls 20%), p < 0.05. Nearly half of the diabetic women had received contraceptive advice exclusively by gynaecologists. 22% of all pregnancies were unplanned (controls 17%); 0 > 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
More diabetic women should use methods of contraception with high efficacy. However, when prescribing OCs more attention must be payed to special contraindications. Sterilisation should be recommended more cautiously to diabetic women without advanced diabetic complications. Contraceptive advice to diabetic women must be given by gynaecologists and diabetologists.
Klinik für Stoffwechselkrankheiten und Ernährung, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf.
R
R
Kimmerle
G
G
Schmitt
M
M
Berger
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000075202:Contraindications; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors
D003276:Contraceptives, Oral
Empfängnisverhütung bei Typ-I-Diabetikerinnen: Eine Erhebung bei 808 Frauen im fertilen Alter.