Tuberculosis in the HIV-infected patient.
After decades of decline, tuberculosis has emerged as a global health challenge. In the setting of HIV immunocompromise, TB occurs frequently, early, and often atypically. New infections can take an accelerated course. The usual tests for diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are less sensitive when CD4+ counts are low. Increased prevalence of treatment failure, drug-resistant strains, and nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant TB are discussed as are new diagnostic tests that will accelerate the time to diagnosis and allow better epidemiologic tracking. Early recognition, isolation, appropriate therapy, and environmental controls that will protect staff and patients from the risk of exposure are also described.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York.
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Waxman
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Gang
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Goldfrank
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003710:Demography; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000517:prevention & control; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011329:Prisoners; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D000995:Antitubercular Agents