Hiccups.
Hiccups result from a variety of causes and serve no known physiologic function. Although most episodes are time-limited, hiccups may become protracted, with serious consequences. Assessment of hiccups entails a focused history and physical examination coupled with selected laboratory tests. If a correctable malady is discovered, treatment should address the underlying disorder. However, if the cause remains unknown, therapeutic options include nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic measures. Since hiccups are common, this review provides a practical approach to the management of this bothersome symptom.
Rousseau
P
P
Department of Geriatrics, VA Medical Center, Phoenix, Ariz.
D005260:Female; D006606:Hiccup / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology