Cytokines and evolution: in vitro effects of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and TNF-beta on an ancestral type of stress response.
Invertebrate hemocytes are immune-neuroendocrine cells which contain a variety of cytokines [Ottaviani et al. (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 195, 984-988] and release biogenic amines when added to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a phenomenon we have described as an evolutionary proto-type stress response [Ottaviani et al. (1991) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 245, 215-218]. Here we show in two molluscs, Planorbarius corneus and Viviparus ater, that this response is significantly reduced when hemocytes are pre-incubated with IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and TNF-beta before the addition of CRF. These results confirm and extend the hypothesis that a deep evolutionary relationship exists between cytokines and stress response. Moreover, these data offer an evolutionary basis for understanding the promiscuity of cytokine receptors.
Department of Animal Biology, University of Modena, Italy.
E
E
Ottaviani
E
E
Caselgrandi
C
C
Franceschi
D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008974:Mollusca / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
D007375:Interleukin-1; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine