Topodermatographic image analysis for melanoma screening and the quantitative assessment of tumor dimension parameters of the skin.
BACKGROUND
The clinical need to identify and evaluate changes of cutaneous lesions in melanoma screening or follow-up of patients with cancer is of paramount importance. Because skin-lesion changes may be small and numerous, clinical assessment alone does not meet the requirements of quantitative assessment. Using the computer as a diagnostic tool for the image analysis of sequentially captured skin surface images has resulted in the technical problem of insufficient registration reproducibility. This paper describes the technical logistics, setup procedure, and clinical evaluation of the novel technique termed "topodermatography," which performs the quantitative videographic image analysis of skin-lesion changes over time.


METHODS
Digitized measurements of skin-surface image parameters were performed using a high-speed processor with an onboard coprocessor, a high-resolution video camera, specifically designed image processing software, and a position framework for the adjustment of the patient's standing position. The topodermatographic image analysis was performed on 109 consecutive patients who were at risk for melanoma (N = 98), had lesions from Kaposi's sarcoma (N = 4), had metastatic skin deposits from melanoma (N = 3), and had breast cancer (N = 4).


RESULTS
Skin lesion changes over time could be identified reliably within a few millimeters of diametric enlargement. In this series, a 0.51% early melanoma detection rate was assessed in 19 of 98 patients followed for 12 months. By monitoring manifest neoplastic skin lesions, tumor growth kinetics were analyzed quantitatively to determine the total area of skin involvement, thus facilitating precise response assessment.


CONCLUSIONS
Topodermatographic image analysis helps to optimize screening and follow-up procedures for patients with melanoma and populations at risk for melanoma. In addition, metastatic tumor lesions on the skin can be monitored dynamically, facilitating the accurate evaluation of the impact of systemic therapy on multiple skin deposits from melanoma and nonmelanoma cancers.
Melanoma Research Project, Clinic Section and Research Institute, Kaltenkirchen/Holstein, Germany.
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Classen
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000175:diagnosis; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D014741:Video Recording