New species-specific alleles at the primate MHC-G locus.
Six different ape MHC-G DNA sequences (four in humans: HLA-G*01011, HLA-G*II, HLA-G*0103, and HLA-G*IV; one in chimpanzees: Patr-G*I; and one in gorillas: Gogo-G*1) have been obtained. Only synonymous or conservative ("Thr"-to-"Ser") substitutions are allowed between the four human alleles. One allele of MHC-G exon-2 sequences has been found both in gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). The Patr-G*I DNA sequence shows two nonsynonymous substitutions when compared with the human HLA-G*01011 sequence: "CGG"-to-"TGG" ("Arg"-to-"Trp") at codon 35 and "ATG"-to-"ATA" ("Met"-to-"Ile") at codon 76. One nonsynonymous "GAG"-to-"GGG" ("Glu"-to-"Gly") substitution is observed in the Gogo-G*I exon-2 DNA sequence, when compared with the human *01011 allele. None of these three different substitutions have been observed in humans and are, thus, considered species specific. Also, evidence is provided that the human HLA-G*II and G*0103 may have been originated after human speciation. Finally, phylogenetic relationships among the six MHC-G alleles, tamarins G-"like" alleles, and other human class I genes (both "classical" and "nonclassic") are discussed.
Department of Immunology, 12th of October University Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
A
A
Corell
P
P
Morales
J
J
Martínez-Laso
J
J
Martín-Villa
P
P
Varela
E
E
Paz-Artal
L M
LM
Allende
C
C
Rodríguez
A
A
Arnaiz-Villena
D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I / Q000235:genetics*; D006071:Gorilla gorilla; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D010802:Phylogeny; D011323:Primates / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013045:Species Specificity
D006680:HLA Antigens; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I