Predicting future functional status for seriously ill hospitalized adults. The SUPPORT prognostic model.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a model estimating the probability of an adult patient having severe functional limitations 2 months after being hospitalized with one of nine serious illnesses.


METHODS
Prospective cohort study.


METHODS
Five teaching hospitals in the United States.


METHODS
1746 patients (model development) who survived 2 months and completed an interview, selected from 4301 patients in the Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT); independent validation sample of 2478 patients.


RESULTS
Patient function 2 months after admission categorized as absence or presence of severe functional limitations (defined as Sickness Impact Profile scores > or = 30 or as activities of daily living scores > or = 4 [levels that require near-constant personal assistance]). A logistic regression model was constructed to predict severe functional limitation.


RESULTS
One third (n = 590) of patients who were interviewed at 2 months had severe functional limitations. Changes in functional status were common: Of those with no baseline dependencies (not dependent on personal assistance), 21% were severely limited at 2 months; of those with 4 or more baseline limitations, 30% had improved. The patient's ability to do activities of daily living was the most important predictor of functional status. Physiologic abnormalities, diagnosis, days in hospital, age, quality of life, and previous exercise capacity also contributed substantially. Model performance, assessed using receiver-operating characteristic curves, was 0.79 for the development sample and 0.75 for the validation sample. The model was well calibrated for the entire risk range.


CONCLUSIONS
Functional outcome varied substantially after hospitalization for a serious illness. A small amount of readily available clinical information can estimate the probability of severe functional limitations.
Health Services Research and Development Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205-1901.
A W
AW
Wu
A M
AM
Damiano
J
J
Lynn
C
C
Alzola
J
J
Teno
C S
CS
Landefeld
N
N
Desbiens
J
J
Tsevat
A
A
Mayer-Oakes
F E
FE
Harrell
W A
WA
Knaus
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012372:ROC Curve; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D014481:United States