Combined laparoscopic and transurethral neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment of invasive bladder cancer.
OBJECTIVE
The feasibility and efficacy of combined cystoscopic and laparoscopic neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser coagulation of invasive bladder cancer were investigated.


METHODS
Five patients with extensive Stage T2-T3a bladder cancer who were not candidates for radical cystectomy were treated by Nd:YAG laser irradiation. All patients also underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic mobilization of the intestine away from the bladder with continuous monitoring of the laser treatment. In 2 cases, laser therapy of the serosal surface of the bladder at the site of tumor was also administered.


RESULTS
The procedure was completed without complications in all 5 patients. A mean of 58,607 joules (J) of energy was delivered transurethrally with an additional 8000 to 10,000 J utilized via laparoscopy in 2 cases. Local disease recurrence was noted within 1 to 4 months in 4 of the 5 patients. Distant metastases were detected within 1 to 9 months postoperatively in 3 of 5 patients. No perioperative bowel or bladder perforation occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of laparoscopy allows for the safe delivery of large amounts of laser energy to the bladder. However, in this small group of patients with extensive bladder tumors, effective palliation of local disease could not be reliably achieved. Further study is necessary to determine whether treatment modifications or selection of patients with less extensive tumors will lead to better results with combined laparoscopic and cystoscopic laser therapy.
Gerber
G S
GS
University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois.
Chodak
G W
GW
Rukstalis
D B
DB
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*