Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific Stroop interference.
Adult, male smokers were randomly assigned to be nicotine abstinent for 12 h (n = 10) or to smoke normally for the same period of time (n = 10). Performance on a modified version of the Stroop (1935) color-naming task, where subjects named the color of ink in which each of a series of words was written, showed that abstinent smokers took significantly longer to color-name words related to cigarette smoking (e.g., Lighter) than to color-name neutral control words (e.g., Pennant). Non-abstinent smokers showed a significant difference in the opposite direction. These results suggest that nicotine abstinence decreases the ability to ignore the meaning of smoking-related information. This finding supports the hypothesis that abstinence produces a content-specific shift in attentional focus. The present pattern of results cannot be explained by a general decrease in cognitive function due to nicotine abstinence.
Gross
T M
TM
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.
Jarvik
M E
ME
Rosenblatt
M R
MR
D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism; D003119:Color Perception Tests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*
D009538:Nicotine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide