Long-term results after nonshunt operations for esophageal varices in children.
The clinical results of nonshunt operations for esophageal varices in 15 children were evaluated. The varices were caused by congenital extrahepatic portal obstruction (EHPO) in 10, liver cirrhosis or fibrosis (C/F) in 3, and idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) in 2. The operative procedures were transthoracic esophageal transection with paraesophageal devascularization (TR) for 2 EHPO patients under 5 years of age, TR combined with splenectomy and paragastric devascularization (Sugiura procedure) for 11 (8 EHPO, 3 C/F), and splenectomy with devascularization (SP) or splenectomy for the 2 IPH patients. In the EHPO patient under 5 years of age, TR is associated with a likelihood of gastric or esophageal hemorrhage resulting from hypersplenism, gastric congestion, or persistent distal esophageal varices, which can be treated with partial splenic arterial embolization (PSE), endosclerotherapy, or an additional abdominal procedure. The Sugiura procedure has provided satisfactory long-term results, without rebleeding from esophageal varices, in patients with EHPO and C/F for 1 to 20 years. But EHPO patients who undergo the Sugiura procedure before age 6 can have gastric hemorrhage, because of mucosal congestion, for more than 10 years after the procedure, and selective gastric arterial embolization (GAE) might be necessary. In some EHPO patients, especially young ones who have variceal bleeding, a significant increase in hepatopetal portal flow may not develop, but hepatofugal natural shunts may progress. Therefore we recommend direct operative procedures, ie, TR for patients < or = 6 years of age and a one- or two-stage Sugiura procedure for those over 7 years old.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Uchiyama
M
M
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
Iwafuchi
M
M
Ohsawa
Y
Y
Naito
S
S
Naito
M
M
Yagi
M
M
Tsukada
K
K
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008365:Manometry; D011379:Prognosis; D013156:Splenectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome