Differences in interleukin-6 gene expression between cultured human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) can be synthesized by human corneal keratocytes and epithelial cells.


METHODS
Epithelial cells and keratocytes isolated from the same donor corneas were grown in vitro. After 2 to 3 passages, the cultures were exposed to varying concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1 alpha) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). Culture supernatants subsequently underwent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for cytokine content. The levels of cytokine mRNA in cell lysates were monitored by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.


RESULTS
Cultured human keratocytes stimulated with 100 U/ml IL-1 alpha for 18 hours produced more than 160 ng IL-6 per 10(6) cells. Under the same conditions 500 U/ml TNF-alpha induced approximately 5 ng IL-6. IL-6 mRNA, evident by 3 hours after exposure to either cytokine, accumulated and persisted through 18 hours. Exposure of epithelial cells to IL-1 alpha or TNF-alpha induced minimal and transient expression of IL-6 mRNA and < 0.5 ng protein product per 10(6) cells. The poor production of IL-6 did not reflect an inability of epithelial cells to respond to IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha because both cytokines induced these cells to make copious amounts of IL-8.


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that both IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha could induce keratocytes to produce nanogram levels of IL-6 but IL-1 alpha was a 30-fold more effective inducer. In contrast, neither cytokine could stimulate epithelial cells to make more than picogram quantities of IL-6. The abundant IL-6 synthesized by keratocytes may promote various activities including specific immune responses in surrounding lymphoid tissues.
Cubitt
C L
CL
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama.
Lausch
R N
RN
Oakes
J E
JE
D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
D017931:DNA Primers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha