Determinants in Canadian health care workers of the decision to withdraw life support from the critically ill. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the attitudes of health care workers regarding the withdrawal of life support.


METHODS
Cross-sectional survey.


METHODS
Attending staff, house staff, and intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in 37 Canadian university-affiliated hospitals.


METHODS
Health care workers' ratings of the importance of 17 factors considered in the decision to withdraw life support, and their ratings of five levels of care ranging from comfort measures to intensive care in two of 12 different clinical scenarios.


RESULTS
We surveyed 1361 respondents (149 of 167 potentially eligible ICU attending staff, 142 of 173 ICU house staff, and 1070 of 1455 ICU nurses, with response rates of 89%, 82% and 74%, respectively). The most important factors were likelihood of surviving the current episode, likelihood of long-term survival, premorbid cognitive function, and age of the patient. In choosing the level of care for the patient scenarios, the same option was chosen by more than 50% of respondents in only one of 12 scenarios; opposite extremes of care were chosen by more than 10% of the respondents in eight of 12 scenarios. Respondent characteristics affecting choices included the number of years since graduation, the city and province in which they worked, the number of beds in their ICU, and their assessment of the likelihood that they would withdraw life support in comparison with their colleagues (P < .001 for all comparisons).


CONCLUSIONS
While ICU health care workers consistently identify a number of patient factors as important in decisions to withdraw care, there is extreme variability, which may be explained in part by the values of individual health care providers.
Cook
D J
DJ
Department of Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Guyatt
G H
GH
Jaeschke
R
R
Reeve
J
J
Spanier
A
A
King
D
D
Molloy
D W
DW
Willan
A
A
Streiner
D L
DL
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002170:Canada; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005066:Euthanasia, Passive / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010348:Patient Care Team; D018579:Patient Selection; D016544:Patient Simulation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012945:Social Values; D028761:Withholding Treatment