The clinical use of ondansetron. New South Wales Therapeutic Assessment Group.
OBJECTIVE
To establish guidelines for use of ondansetron.


METHODS
MEDLINE computer search (to July 1993) and information from the manufacturer.


METHODS
We circulated a position paper based on our literature review for comment by clinicians and directors of pharmacy in major teaching hospitals in New South Wales who had an interest in ondansetron.


RESULTS
Ondansetron is effective in the control of nausea and vomiting occurring 24-48 hours after highly emetogenic chemotherapy and after radiotherapy. There are no data to support its use in delayed emesis. Combination with dexamethasone may improve emetic control. The most commonly reported adverse effects are headache and constipation. Optimal dose, frequency of dosing and route of administration have not been established. The cost for each inpatient treated successfully is about 3% more than conventional antiemetic therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
Ondansetron shows clinical benefit in the management of acute nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy, those who have responded poorly to other antiemetics after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, those who have intolerable side effects with conventional antiemetic agents and those receiving radiotherapy to the upper abdomen. It is also marketed for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Sacred Heart Hospice, Sydney, NSW.
D C
DC
Currow
P D
PD
Noble
R C
RC
Stuart-Harris
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control; D009517:New South Wales; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017294:Ondansetron; D003907:Dexamethasone