Information recall of younger and older skilled athletes: the role of display complexity, attentional resources and visual exposure duration.
This study was concerned with the interactive role of experience of athletic skill with other relevant environmental variables (display complexity, attentional resources, exposure time of stimuli) on perception (recall) of structured handball game situations. Nineteen experienced (older) and 19 less experienced (younger) handball players were assigned randomly either to ball-bouncing (diverted attention) or to calm seated (focused attention) conditions. In each of the two conditions, the subjects were exposed to a total of 36 slides containing 2-3, 5-6 and 8-10 players. Eighteen slides were exposed for 0.5 s and 18 for 1.0 s. All the slides contained structured defence and offence situations. Recall scores were subjected to repeated-measures ANOVA using attention condition and age as between-subject factors and task complexity and exposure duration as within-subject factors. The results showed that the recall of less experienced players deteriorated more than the recall of more experienced players following exposure to complex displays (> or = 8 players) while engaging in a secondary task (bouncing). The findings suggest that research paradigms should be applied in the field of sport which share both ecological validity and a potential to discover the cognitive substrates underlying experience and age in skilled motor performance.
Tenenbaum
G
G
Ribstein Centre for Research and Sport Medicine Sciences, Wingate Institute, Wingate Post, Israel.
Levy-Kolker
N
N
Bar-Eli
M
M
Weinberg
R
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention; D003626:Data Display; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009048:Motor Skills; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*