Helicobacter pylori, gastroduodenal disease, and recurrent abdominal pain in children.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the evidence for a cause-and-effect relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and antral gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and recurrent abdominal pain in children.


METHODS
A MEDLINE search from January 1983 through July 1994 was used to identify pertinent English-language publications. Current Contents and selected specialty journals were searched manually. Editorials, reviews, case reports, abstracts, and letters to the editor were excluded.


METHODS
All studies in children (ie, 0 to 18 years) were included.


METHODS
Hill's criteria for causal inference were used to determine the strength of the evidence for a causal relationship.


RESULTS
In total, 45 studies (case series, cross-sectional surveys, and treatment trials) were retrieved. The rate ratio of antral gastritis in children with H pylori infection (compared with uninfected children) ranged from 1.9 to 71.0 (median, 4.6). The prevalence of H pylori infection in children with duodenal ulcer was high (range, 33% to 100%; median, 92%) compared with children with gastric ulcer (range, 11% to 75%; median, 25%). Prevalence rates of infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain were inconsistent (range, 0% to 81%; median, 22%), with lower rates in children meeting Apley's criteria (range, 0% to 9%; median, 6%).


CONCLUSIONS
There is strong evidence for an association between H pylori infection and antral gastritis and duodenal ulcer disease in children; however, data from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trials are required. There is weak evidence for an association with gastric ulcer and weak or no evidence for an association with recurrent abdominal pain.
Macarthur
C
C
Division of General Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Saunders
N
N
Feldman
W
W
D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence