title: Evaluation of a modification of the Hudson demand valve in ventilated and spontaneously breathing horses.
abstract: Hypoxaemia commonly develops during general anaesthesia and in the recovery period in horses. The Hudson demand valve has been used to increase arterial PO2, but it has been found to increase airway resistance considerably when used during spontaneous ventilation. This paper evaluates a modification of the valve designed to reduce this resistance. The effects of the valve and its modification on arterial oxygen (PaO2), and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) tensions were evaluated in four ponies anaesthetised by a total intravenous technique. The valve increased PaO2 from 8.3 +/- 1.1 to 32.7 +/- 7.6 kPa during spontaneous ventilation and to 44.2 +/- 7.4 kPa during intermittent positive pressure ventilation. With the modification, the PaCO2 was increased to 9.0 +/- 2.5 kPa during spontaneous ventilation PaO2 was unchanged by the valve (7.2 +/- 0.4 kPa to 7.1 +/- 0.7 kPa) but it was reduced to 6.4 +/- 0.9 kPa with the modification. The valve was also evaluated in 20 clinical cases during their recovery from halothane anaesthesia. It increased PaO2 from 7.4 +/- 2.1 kPa to 17 +/- 18.3 kPa during spontaneous ventilation and from 8.0 +/- 1.8 kPa to 23.4 +/- 22.2 kPa during positive pressure ventilation. With the modification, PaO2 was increased from 7.8 +/- 1.4 kPa to 10.4 +/- 3.8 kPa during spontaneous ventilation and from 7.6 +/- 1.5 kPa to 14.8 +/- 8.4 kPa during positive pressure ventilation. During spontaneous ventilation PaCO2 was increased from 5.9 +/- 0.4 kPa to 6.2 +/- 0.6 kPa with the unmodified valve and from 6.3 +/- 0.5 kPa to 6.6 +/- 0.5 kPa with the modification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006736:Horses; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical / Q000662:veterinary