title: Toxicity of two carbamide peroxide products used in nightguard vital bleaching.
abstract: This study evaluated the effects of two generic classes of 10% carbamide-peroxide (CP) oxygenating agents (currently under clinical assessment for nightguard vital tooth bleaching) for lethality and genetic mutation after oral administration to mice, and for cellular cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblasts in vitro. The single dose LD50 values for a non-carbopol-containing CP (Gly-Oxide) and a carbopol-containing CP (Proxigel) in mice were found to be 143.8 mg/kg and 87.2 mg/kg, respectively. Genotoxicity, as measured by the Mouse Micronucleus test for mutagenicity, was negative for both 10% CP agents in comparison with positive and negative controls. Cytotoxicity as measured in the L929 fibroblast lysis assay resulted in 50% killing of L929 fibroblasts at 0.62 for the non-carbopol-containing CP and 1.88 mmol/L for the carbopol-containing CP. Both 10% CP agents were compared with seven widely-used dental products in the L929 fibroblast lysis assay and found to be no more toxic than these products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Woolverton
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Haywood
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Heymann
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000633:toxicity; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005054:Eugenol / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000633:toxicity; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000633:toxicity; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D004338:Drug Combinations; C061504:Flecks; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D010545:Peroxides; C070868:Plax; D014100:Toothpastes; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C069457:Coe-Soft denture lining material; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D005054:Eugenol; C031667:IRM cement; C076899:Temp-Bond; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement; D014508:Urea; D015034:Zinc Oxide