title: Selective inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-1 (cyclooxygenase-1) by valerylsalicylic acid.
abstract: Aspirin causes a time-dependent inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases (PGHS)-1 and -2 by acetylating active site serines present in both isozymes. In the case of PGHS-1, aspirin acetylation blocks cyclooxygenase activity, apparently by preventing arachidonate binding to the cyclooxygenase active site. With PGHS-2, acetylation does not block substrate binding but rather alters the enzyme in such a way that the acetylated form of PGHS-2 produces 15R-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15R-HETE) instead of the usual prostaglandin endoperoxide product. Based on these differences between PGHS-1 and PGHS-2, we reasoned that a salicylate ester containing an acyl group somewhat larger than the acetyl group of aspirin might be a selective inhibitor of PGHS-2. Accordingly, we prepared and tested eight different acyl salicylates as inhibitors of human (h) PGHS-1 and -2 expressed transiently in cos-1 cells. Valeryl(pentanoyl)salicylate (VSA) was the only compound in this series which showed isozyme selectivity, and, surprisingly, VSA inhibited hPGHS-1 much more effectively than hPGHS-2. Inhibition of hPGHS-1 by VSA was time-dependent. VSA also inhibited ovine PGHS-1 but did not inhibit the S530A mutant of ovine PGHS-1. This latter mutant, which lacks the active site serine hydroxyl group, is also refractory to inhibition by acetylsalicylate. Thus, we conclude that VSA acylates the active site serine of PGHS-1. VSA inhibited prostanoid synthesis by serum-starved murine NIH 3T3 cells which express only PGHS-1; in contrast, VSA caused only partial inhibition of prostanoid synthesis by serum-stimulated 3T3 cells which express both PGHS isozymes. Our results establish that VSA can be used as a reasonably selective inhibitor of PGHS-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lecomte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Morgans
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins; D012459:Salicylates; D012694:Serine; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D020156:Salicylic Acid