title: Nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds.
abstract: A risk assessment has been made on nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds encountered in the human diet. Vegetables constitute a major source of nitrate providing over 85% of the average daily human dietary intake. Nitrite and N-nitroso compounds present in the diet contribute relatively small amounts to the body burden and the major source of these biologically reactive compounds is derived from the bacterial and mammalian metabolism of ingested nitrate. Additionally, endogenous synthesis provides an important source contributing to the body burden of nitrate. Data from animal toxicological studies, human effects and epidemiological surveys have been reviewed and evaluated. It is concluded that there is no firm scientific evidence at present to recommend drastic reductions beyond the average levels of nitrate encountered in vegetables grown in keeping with good agricultural practice. Recommendations have also been made for further animal and human studies to be carried out to elucidate the potential risks to man from ingested nitrate.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Advisory Services, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gangolli
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van den Brandt
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Feron
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Janzowsky
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Koeman
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Speijers
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spiegelhalder
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wisnok
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D009566:Nitrates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009603:Nitroso Compounds