title: Dissociation of castor oil-induced diarrhoea and intestinal mucosal injury in rat: effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester.
abstract: 1. Castor oil (2 ml orally) produced diarrhoea in rats 1-7 h after challenge, which was associated with gross damage to the duodenal and jejunal mucosa. 2. The injury was accompanied by release of acid phosphatase into the gut lumen, indicating cellular injury. 3. Intraperitoneal injection of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 2.5-50 mg kg-1 twice), prevented the diarrhoea. The dose of L-NAME (50 mg kg-1) completely blocked the diarrhoea but increased the release of acid phosphatase and worsened the gross damage. 4. The NO donating compound, isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IMN, 150 mg kg-1 twice) reversed the effects of L-NAME (50 mg kg-1) on castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gross damage and acid phosphatase release. 5. The apparent dissociation of the diarrhoeal and intestinal mucosal damaging effects of castor oil suggest that NO has a protective effect on the rat duodenal and jejunal mucosa, but that NO mediates, in part, the diarrhoea effect of this laxative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capasso
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mascolo
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Gaginella
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002368:Castor Oil / Q000633:toxicity*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002368:Castor Oil; D001120:Arginine; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; C030397:isosorbide-5-mononitrate; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester