title: Preparation of nanoparticles bearing high density carbohydrate chains using carbohydrate-carrying polymers as emulsifier.
abstract: A novel method of preparing nanoparticles bearing high density carbohydrate chains on their surface is described. Carbohydrate-bearing nanoparticles of poly(lactic acid) or polystyrene were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using a carbohydrate-carrying polystyrene derivative which served as both an emulsifier and a surface coating. The diameter of the obtained nanoparticles ranged from 80 to 300 nm depending on the concentration of the polystyrene derivative. As the concentration of the polystyrene derivatives increased the nanoparticle diameter decreased, indicating that the polystyrene derivatives worked as an emulsifier. The obtained particles were specifically aggregated by carbohydrate-specific lectin, showing that the polystyrene derivative was retained on the particle surfaces and expressed carbohydrate residues. The density of carbohydrates on the particle surfaces was determined to be 3-5 molecules per square nanometre. The particles prepared by the present method were stably dispersed and hardly aggregated in aqueous media during storage and centrifugal treatment compared with the post-coated particles that were prepared by adsorbing polystyrene particles with the polystyrene derivative. In vitro study with isolated rat hepatocytes revealed that surface carbohydrate chains were recognized by hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akaike
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D002498:Centrifugation; D001517:Coleoptera; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007773:Lactates / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007785:Lactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: C045794:Allomyrina lectin; D002241:Carbohydrates; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D007773:Lactates; D037102:Lectins; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D011137:Polystyrenes; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D008752:Methylene Chloride; C074112:poly-N-4-vinylbenzyllactonamide; D007785:Lactose