title: Effects of light and inhibitors of ATP-synthesis on the chloride carrier of the alga Valonia utricularis: is the carrier a chloride pump?
abstract: The effect of metabolic inhibitors, such as cyanide, antimycin A and azide was studied on the chloride transport system of the giant marine alga Valonia utricularis by using the charge pulse relaxation method. Two clearly defined voltage relaxations were resolved. The addition of 10-30 microM cyanide to the artificial sea water (ASW) bathing the algal cells increased the time constants of the slow voltage relaxation, tau 2, significantly when the algal cells were kept in the dark. The cyanide-effect reached a plateau value at 100-300 microM and was fully reversible when cyanide was removed from the ASW. Analysis of the charge pulse data in terms of the Läuger-model demonstrated that the translocation rates of the free, kS, and the charged carrier, kAS, decreased. The decrease of kS was more pronounced than that of kAS. 10 microM antimycin A and 3 mM azide had similar effects on the rate constants when the light was switched off. Upon illumination the cyanide- and antimycin A-, but not the azide-mediated effects disappeared. At concentrations higher than 1 mM cyanide caused a further, dramatic decrease of kS and kAS, while the surface concentration of the carrier molecules, N0, was not affected. This cyanide-effect was also reversible, but not light-dependent. Measurements of the ATP level showed that 3 mM cyanide reduced the ATP level by about 70% both under light and dark conditions. In the presence of 30 microM cyanide (or 10 microM antimycin A) the ATP level decreased by about 50%, but only in the dark. These results suggest two different effects of cyanide on the Cl(-)-carrier system: in the micromolar concentration range cyanide (and antimycin A) reduced predominantly the translocation of the free carrier by inhibition of ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation, whereas in the millimolar concentration range cyanide apparently inhibits the translocation rates of both the free and charged carriers by its binding to the carrier. The results provide some evidence that the chloride transport of V. utricularis could be coupled to metabolic energy but it is an open question whether it is a pump or not.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, Biozentrum der Universität Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000968:Antimycin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D001386:Azides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D003486:Cyanides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D056890:Eukaryota; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001386:Azides; D002712:Chlorides; D003486:Cyanides; D000968:Antimycin A; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate