title: Tranexamic acid significantly reduces blood loss associated with coronary revascularization.
abstract: Four hundred fifteen patients undergoing coronary revascularization over a 12-month period were divided into two groups: 209 controls in the first 6 months received no tranexamic acid (TA) before cardiopulmonary bypass and 206 patients in the second 6 months received TA as a hemostatic agent. The demographics and the surgical techniques used were similar in the two groups. With TA there was a significant decrease in blood loss postoperatively, from 1,114.1 mL in the controls to 803.7 mL in those given TA (p < 0.001); in red blood cell use, from 1.7 units/patient in the controls to 0.69 units/patient in those given TA (p < 0.001); in fresh frozen plasma requirements, from 0.23 units/patient in the controls to 0.024 units/patient in those given TA (p < 0.01); and in platelet transfusion, from 1.06 units/patient in the controls to 0.30 units/patients in those given TA (p < 0.01). The percentages of patients not receiving any blood products were 65% in those given TA versus 49% in the controls (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents, pulmonary embolism, or venous thrombosis to clearly suggest hypercoagulability. In this study, TA profoundly affected the coagulopathy associated with bypass in patients undergoing coronary revascularization. It significantly reduced blood loss and blood product transfusions. Any potential increased thrombotic complications could not be clearly demonstrated in this study, but should not be ignored.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rousou
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Engelman
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Flack
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Deaton
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010951:Plasma Exchange; D010976:Platelet Count; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012086:Reoperation; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014148:Tranexamic Acid