title: Interdependence of corticosterone and thyroid hormones in larval toads (Bufo boreas). I. Thyroid hormone-dependent and independent effects of corticosterone on growth and development.
abstract: In a previous study (Hayes et al. [1993] J. Exp. Zool., 266:206-215), we demonstrated that exogenous corticosterone (B) inhibited growth, and had varied effects on development and metamorphosis in the toad (Bufo boreas). The current study determined the relation between the actions of B and thyroid hormones on body growth (length and weight), tail growth and reduction (length and height), rear leg growth and differentiation, and foreleg emergence (FLE). Thiourea (Thio; a goitrogen) and metyrapone (MTP; a glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor) were used to determine the role of endogenous hormones in growth and development. These inhibitors were also used in various combinations with the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), to determine the extent to which B's actions depend on the thyroid hormones. B was ineffective at inducing tail reduction (length and height) in the presence of Thio, but B enhanced the effects of both thyroid hormones, suggesting that the actions of B on the tail were dependent on thyroid hormones. B inhibited body growth even in the presence of Thio, but did not enhance thyroid hormone's inhibition of growth. B alone stimulated foreleg emergence (FLE) and enhanced thyroid hormone's activity on FLE when B and the thyroid hormones were given in combination, but did not induce FLE in the presence of Thio. B stimulated rear leg development, but not in the presence of Thio, suggesting that this effect was due to interactions with thyroid hormones. Furthermore, MTP antagonized the stimulatory effect of T4 on rear leg development, suggesting that endogenous B also interacted with exogenous thyroid hormones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000254:growth & development*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000254:growth & development; D007814:Larva; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects; D013623:Tail / Q000254:growth & development; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013974:Thyroxine; D003345:Corticosterone