title: DNA typing of the human MN and Ss blood group antigens in amniotic fluid and following massive transfusion.
abstract: Although red blood cell (RBC) antigen typing by agglutination is generally useful, several situations exist where this approach is difficult or impossible. For example, following a massive transfusion, a patient's residual RBCs are mixed with transfused normal donor RBCs. In this case, typing by hemagglutination primarily detects the antigens on the heterogeneous population of transfused RBCs. Agglutination testing is also of limited use for determining the phenotype of a fetus at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn because fetal RBCs must be obtained by periumbilical blood sampling. Determining the genotype of an individual by analyzing genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood nucleated cells or amniocytes is an alternative approach for determining the RBC antigen type. In this report, the allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) was used to identify the alleles at the MN and Ss loci that encode the corresponding antigens on glycophorin A (GPA) and glycophorin B (GPB), respectively. This method was used to type these alleles in peripheral blood samples obtained from normal individuals and from patients following massive transfusion. Of 23 peripheral blood specimens analyzed, all were correctly typed by this method. The allele specific polymerase chain reaction was also used to determine these alleles using amniotic fluid samples. Of 11 amniotic fluid specimens analyzed, 8 were correctly typed at both loci. Mistyping of three amniotic fluid specimens was explained by possible maternal blood contamination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Eshleman
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shakin-Eshleman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kant
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Spitalnik
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D017931:DNA Primers; D016373:DNA, Antisense; D004899:Erythroblastosis, Fetal / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008951:MNSs Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016373:DNA, Antisense; D008951:MNSs Blood-Group System