title: Risk factors for complications in clean-contaminated head and neck surgical procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contamination of a head and neck surgical wound with oropharyngeal secretions has been shown to dramatically increase the incidence of wound complications. Appropriate perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis has significantly reduced contaminated wound infection rates in several previous reports. The current study examined multiple patient parameters to determine risk factors for all perioperative complications following clean-contaminated head and neck surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records from 159 patients who underwent clean-contaminated major head and neck surgical procedures at the University of Washington between 1985 and 1991. More than 30 preoperative and operative parameters were evaluated, and all complications were recorded. The data were examined using a multivariate statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An overall complication rate of 63% included 22% with wound infections (oro/pharyngocutaneous fistula or purulent drainage), 22% with other types of infections, and 51% with noninfectious complications. The overall perioperative mortality rate was 1.2% (two patients). Prior radiotherapy, operative time, perioperative transfusion, and flap reconstruction were all associated with a significantly higher overall complication rate (p < or = 0.05). Only prior radiotherapy therapy correlated with an increase in wound infection rate (p = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prior radiotherapy significantly increases the risk of perioperative complications and wound infections following clean-contaminated head and neck surgical procedures. Other factors reflecting the complexity of the procedure also influence the overall complication rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Naval Hospital, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Girod
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tsue
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Weymuller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013492:Suppuration; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction