title: Influences on breast-feeding by lower-income women: an incentive-based, partner-supported educational program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of a partner-supported, incentive-based educational program on rates and duration of breast-feeding among low-income women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who expressed a willingness to participate in the breast-feeding educational program were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an intervention group and a control group who received usual breast-feeding education.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinics of the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children in Flagstaff, Ariz.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight primiparous pregnant women with expected due dates between May 1992 and December 1992 were willing to participate in the study. Of these, 34 were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 34 to the control group. Approximately 81% of the women completed the study: 29 in the control group and 26 in the intervention group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention consisted of special incentives (prizes) for women and their partners to participate in a breast-feeding class for expectant couples and an educational series on childbirth. Women were also encouraged to use a breast-feeding support program in which peers serve as role models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measure was infant feeding method. Data were collected from mothers in both groups at the time of discharge from the hospital and at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Binomial proportional analyses of the feeding data were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in the intervention group reported a higher percentage of breast-feeding at all measurement times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that incentives, such as donated prizes, can be used to attract primiparous women from lower socioeconomic groups, along with their partners, to participate in educational interventions designed to promote breast-feeding. Participation by couples in breast-feeding promotion activities can dramatically increase the rate and duration of breast-feeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Nutrition, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sciacca
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Phipps
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ratliff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001130:Arizona; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008430:Maternal-Child Health Centers; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D012944:Social Support