title: Ubiquitin in the prokaryote Anabaena variabilis.
abstract: The ubiquitin-dependent pathway for protein degradation has been found to play a major role in controlling protein turnover in the cell. Ubiquitin is one of the most conserved proteins yet identified, and up until now it has been thought to be present only in eukaryotes and archaebacteria. This is the first report on the detection and purification of ubiquitin from a eubacterium, the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. The purification procedure included a heat denaturing step, fractionated ammonium sulfate precipitation, two gel filtration runs (Sephadex G-50 and Superose 12), and a final hydroxylapatite chromatography. Comparisons with bovine ubiquitin showed a high similarity with respect to antigenicity to anti-ubiquitin (bovine), molecular mass (M(r) = 6,000), isoelectric point (pI 6.5), and NH2-terminal sequence. The existence of ubiquitin in A. variabilis was confirmed by Southern hybridization. In in vitro experiments both cyanobacterial and bovine ubiquitin were covalently attached to several target proteins from A. variabilis, respectively. Data are presented which suggest ubiquitination of dinitrogenase reductase, the Fe-protein subunit of nitrogenase. Our findings imply that ubiquitination equivalent to the eukaryotic system is instrumental in this organism.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Physiologie und Biochemie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Durner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Böger
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D017033:Anabaena / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D015342:DNA Probes; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D014452:Ubiquitins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate