title: The visual system of the Florida garfish, Lepisosteus platyrhincus (Ginglymodi). IV. Bilateral projections and the binocular visual field.
abstract: Infusion of cobaltous-lysine into the optic nerve of juvenile Florida garfish reveals that the preoptic area, pretectum, thalamus and the mediorostral and ventrolateral poles of the optic tectum each receive bilateral, monosynaptic input. The bilateral input to the mediorostral pole of the tectum projects via the dorsal optic tract and terminates in the rostral half of the tectum. The bilateral input to the ventrolateral tectum projects via the ventral optic tract and extends the whole length of the tectum. The incidence of direct ipsilateral input to the tectum suggests binocular vision may play a functional role in the survival of this species. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined the retinal distribution of ipsilateral retinal ganglion cells that project to the mediorostral tectum and the size and location of the binocular visual field. Cell distribution was examined by retrograde labelling with rhodamine-conjugated dextran amine delivered by microinjections into the mediorostral pole of the right optic tectum. In the ipsilateral retina, ganglion cells are distributed in a narrow temporoventral area with a mean of 0.44 +/- 0.14 x 10(3) cells per mm2 apposing the retinal margin. In the contralateral retina, ganglion cells are also distributed within this temporoventral region with a mean peak density of 2.33 +/- 0.47 x 10(3) cells per mm2. Three broad classes of ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells (orthotopic cells within the ganglion cell layer, displaced cells within the inner nuclear layer, and giant cells within the ganglion and inner nuclear layers) are identified, intermingled in both the ipsilateral and contralateral retinae after retrograde labelling from the mediorostral pole of the tectum. Ophthalmoscopic mapping of the monocular and binocular visual fields reveals two small frontal wedges of binocular overlap. A dorsal wedge (12 degrees wide) extends from approximately 7 degrees above the horizontal axis to 10 degrees beyond the vertical axis, and a ventral wedge (20 degrees wide) extends approximately 10 degrees below the horizontal axis to 15 degrees beyond the vertical axis. The dorsal binocular visual field is subtended by the temporoventral region of the retina possessing both ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting ganglion cells which terminate in the mediorostral pole of the optic tectum. Therefore, the partial decussation of retinal ganglion cell axons at the optic chiasm brings information from corresponding regions of the binocular visual field into register in the mediorostral pole of the optic tectum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Northcutt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010471:Perches / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012160:Retina / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013045:Species Specificity; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology*