title: Lyme arthritis in European children and adolescents. The Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and describe Lyme arthritis in European children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective multicenter study. The diagnosis of Lyme arthritis required the exclusion of other diseases and positive findings on serology for IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and polymerase chain reaction techniques to identify infection by B burgdorferi were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 62 children and adolescents with Lyme arthritis, only 1 had a preceding erythema migrans. Arthritis was episodic in 62% and was chronic at onset in 18%. The most common manifestation was monarthritis of the knee. Joint involvement in patients with oligoarthritis was predominantly unilateral or symmetric. Arthralgia was very rare. Treatment with 1 or 2 courses of different antibiotics resulted in disappearance of the arthritis in 77% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical presentation of Lyme arthritis in children is different from that in adults. The calculated incidence of Lyme arthritis in persons under the age of 17 years (4/100,000) exceeds previous estimations.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Huppertz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karch
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Suschke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ganser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thon
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bentas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001168:Arthritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015748:Borrelia burgdorferi Group / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D015994:Incidence; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial