title: Recombinant lys-plasminogen, but not glu-plasminogen, improves recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced coronary thrombolysis in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the modification of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA)-induced thrombolysis by recombinant lys-plasminogen.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator restores flow in the thrombosed coronary artery, but the artery often reoccludes. The rt-PA-induced thrombolysis is a result of activation of plasminogen bound to fibrin in the thrombus and results in generation of the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin. Small amounts of lys-plasminogen are formed when rt-PA is used. Lys-plasminogen binds to fibrin with a 10-fold greater affinity than the predominant native glu-plasminogen, leading to a loose fibrin structure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs with electrically induced occlusive intracoronary thrombus were treated with saline solution (n = 9), glu-plasminogen (2 mg/kg body weight, n = 5) or lys-plasminogen (2 mg/kg, n = 5), followed by infusion of rt-PA (1 mg/kg over 20 min) 10 min later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reperfusion rates were similar in all groups of dogs, but the time to reflow was lowest in dogs given lys-plasminogen compared with those given saline solution or glu-plasminogen before rt-PA (mean [+/- SE] 14 +/- 2 vs. 22 +/- 2 and 23 +/- 3 min, respectively, p < 0.05). None of the reperfused coronary arteries reoccluded in the lys-plasminogen plus rt-PA group, whereas 75% reoccluded in dogs given saline solution plus rt-PA, and 50% reoccluded in those given glu-plasminogen plus rt-PA. Accordingly, duration of reflow was greater in the lys-plasminogen plus rt-PA group (> 120 vs. 39 +/- 7 and 82 +/- 21 min, respectively, p < 0.05). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity decreased during rt-PA infusion and thereafter increased in all dogs, but less so in dogs given lys-plasminogen (p < 0.05 vs. those given saline solution before rt-PA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with recombinant lys-plasminogen before rt-PA reduces time to reflow and sustains reflow after thrombolysis, whereas glu-plasminogen has no such effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610-0277.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johannesen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bregengård
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hedner
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Saldeen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C018998:lysyl-plasminogen; D010958:Plasminogen; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator