title: University of Wisconsin solution provides superior myocardial preservation compared with Stanford cardioplegic solution.
abstract: The efficacy of the University of Wisconsin solution to safely prolong preservation times for kidney, pancreas, and liver transplantation is established, but its efficacy in enhancing myocardial preservation is not yet clear. We studied the effects of Stanford cardioplegic solution and the University of Wisconsin solution both in preserving the myocardium and in protecting it from the effects of reperfusion injury after 6 hours of preservation. In 28 rat hearts we measured changes in high-energy phosphate content (with magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and histologic changes (edema, endothelial changes, myocyte architecture) during preservation and changes in high-energy phosphate content, histologic status, and performance (aortic systolic and diastolic pressure, heart rate, rhythm) in Langendorff and working hearts during reperfusion. No significant differences in the kinetics of high-energy phosphate changes were noted between the two cardioplegic solutions during preservation. However, at the end of 6 hours of preservation, hearts in the Stanford cardioplegic solution group were more edematous (p < 0.01) than those in the University of Wisconsin group. During reperfusion, no significant differences in the kinetics of high-energy phosphates were noted between the two cardioplegic solutions. None of the hearts in the University of Wisconsin solution group developed ventricular fibrillation at the start of reperfusion, but all hearts in the Stanford group did so. Once sinus rhythm was established no significant differences in developed pressure or heart rate were found between the two solutions. After 2.5 hours of reperfusion, hearts in the Stanford group were more edematous (p < 0.002) and had a greater disruption of myocyte architecture (p < 0.002) and greater arteriolar endothelial injury (p < 0.004). In conclusion, the University of Wisconsin solution better protects the myocardium in this rat model than does Stanford solution. The mechanism for this beneficial effect of the University of Wisconsin solution appears to be due to its better preservation of the microvasculature rather than differences in preservation of high-energy phosphates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaffery
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Reichenbach
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gronka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kushmerick
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Verrier
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000493:Allopurinol; D000818:Animals; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D005978:Glutathione; D006339:Heart Rate; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D007328:Insulin; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D009926:Organ Preservation; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D011887:Raffinose; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D007328:Insulin; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D010710:Phosphates; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose