title: The inhibitory effect of norharman on morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats: comparison with ibogaine.
abstract: Norharman (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and ibogaine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated naloxone (4 mg/kg, i.p.)-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats. Several withdrawal signs, such as teeth-chattering, chewing, penile licking and diarrhoea, were decreased by both norharman and ibogaine. In addition, norharman reduced also the withdrawal grooming and rearing. It is concluded that both norharman and ibogaine are inhibitors of withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cappendijk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fekkes
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dzoljic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D002243:Carbolines; D006247:Harmine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D007050:Ibogaine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000633:toxicity*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002243:Carbolines; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D009270:Naloxone; D007050:Ibogaine; D006247:Harmine; D009020:Morphine; C010262:norharman