title: Presence of human T lymphotropic virus types I and II in Ghana, west Africa.
abstract: Until recently, HTLV-I was considered to be an Old World virus and HTLV-II was thought to be endemic in the Americas. However, the presence of HTLV-II among Pygmies and other populations of Africa has raised doubts as to whether HTLV-II is primarily a New World virus. The large serosurveys conducted in the urban and rural areas of southern Ghana have identified a 1-2% prevalence for HTLV-I/II. To define the HTLV type, we have used a Western blot assay (HTLV-2.3 blot) that allows simultaneous confirmation and differentiation between HTLVs. Samples (n = 139) were chosen on the basis of previous reactivity with either an enzyme immune assay or r21e-spiked WB results. The WB 2.3 analysis of these specimens identified 55 (40%) to be HTLV positive, 70 (50%) to be HTLV indeterminant, and 14 (10%) to be HTLV negative for HTLV. HTLV seroindeterminant patterns ranged from both gag and env (14 were r21+, p24+, and/or p19+ [all were RIPA negative]) to gag only (21 were p24+/p19+, 16 were p19+, and 7 were p24+), and env only (8 were r21+ and 4 were rgp46+) reactivities. Of the 55 HTLV-positive specimens, 41 were typed as HTLV-I, 9 were HTLV-II, and 5 could not be typed (HTLV-I/II). Of the nine HTLV-II-positive specimens, three were from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and six were from healthy individuals (two pregnant women) with no obvious risk factors for HTLV-II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Retrovirus Diseases Branch, National Center for Infectious Disease, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mingle
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manns
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015491:HTLV-II Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015367:Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral