title: Exercise metabolism in healthy volunteers taking atenolol, high and low doses of metoprolol CR/Z0K, and placebo.
abstract: 1. Exercise and beta-adrenoceptor blockade have important roles in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, but fatigue and a reduced capacity to exercise are commonly reported side effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockers. The reduced capacity to exercise may be partly caused by a reduction in fat metabolism. 2. We investigated the effects of atenolol 50 mg, metoprolol CR/Z0K 50 mg, metoprolol CR/Z0K 100 mg and placebo, on heart rate, energy expenditure, fat oxidation, plasma free fatty acids, glycerol, glucose, lactate, ammonia and perceived exertion during 2 h of treadmill walking at 40% of maximal oxygen uptake in 20 healthy volunteers. 3. Compared with placebo (38.0%), total fat oxidation was significantly lower on atenolol 50 mg (30.1%) and metoprolol CR/Z0K 100 mg (31.0%), but not on metoprolol CR/Z0K 50 mg (33.7%). Reductions in fat oxidation correlated well (r2 = 0.970) with reductions in exercising heart rate, and probably reflected the degree of beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade. Maximum plasma ammonia concentration was reached after 45 min of exercise on atenolol, 60 min on metoprolol CR/Z0K 100, and 75 min on metoprolol CR/Z0K 50, and was higher than placebo on all active drug treatments. 4. The greater reduction in fat oxidation with atenolol may be a reflection of a peak in plasma concentration, which is avoided with a controlled release preparation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, England.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eagles
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001262:Atenolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001944:Breath Tests; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D001262:Atenolol; D008790:Metoprolol; D005990:Glycerol