title: Proton MR spectroscopy of brain abnormalities in neonates born to HIV-positive mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the sensitivity of proton MR spectroscopy for detecting early central nervous system abnormalities in neonates born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Asleep, unsedated, and continuously monitored by electrocardiography, 10 newborns, 5 with HIV-positive and 5 with HIV-negative mothers, were studied within the first 10 days of life in a 1.5-T scanner. After T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained, proton spectra were performed using voxels of interest (3.4 cm3) in the deep parietooccipital white matter. Peaks were identified as N-acetyl-aspartate (2.0 ppm), creatine and phosphocreatine (3.0 ppm), choline (3.2 ppm), and inositol (3.5 ppm). Peak areas were used to calculate metabolic ratios: N-acetyl-aspartate to creatine, inositol to creatine, and creatine to choline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All newborns of HIV-positive mothers had abnormal proton spectra compared with control infants; a nonspecific amino acid peak in the 2.1- to 2.6-ppm area was elevated, broad, and overlapping the N-acetyl-aspartate peak in all the HIV-exposed newborns and in only 1 of the 5 control newborns. The choline-to-creatine ratio was higher in HIV-exposed newborns at 2.3 +/- 0.4 (normal term, 0.9 +/- 0.3), as was the N-acetyl-aspartate-to-creatine ratio at 2.6 +/- 0.9 (for control subjects, 1.2 +/- 0.4). MR images from these brain regions were all considered normal. Because acquired immunodeficiency syndrome develops in only a small fraction of neonates born to HIV-seropositive mothers, the above spectral abnormalities found in all our subjects may result from indirect effects of HIV, such as intrauterine growth retardation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that proton MR spectroscopy might play an important role in detecting early central nervous system complications in newborns of HIV-seropositive mothers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cortey
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jarvik
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lenkinski
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delivoria-Papadopoulos
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010725:Phosphocreatine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D007294:Inositol; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D002794:Choline