title: Determination of amperozide residues in swine liver using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Amperozide 4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-N-ethylpiperazine-1- carboxamide) is used in veterinary medicine because of its sedative effect on pigs. A method developed for the detection of amperozide residues in porcine liver using liquid chromatography with thermospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is described and compared with LC with electrochemical detection (LC-ED). For LC-ED analysis, the samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. The residues of amperozide were separated on a C8 polymer-based reversed-phase column and determined by using amperometric detection at +1050 mV. For LC-MS analysis, the samples were extracted with ethanol and cleaned using liquid-liquid extraction. After separation on a C8 polymer-based reversed-phase column, the residues were detected by discharge-assisted ionization with positive ion detection MS using single-ion monitoring. The positive discharge ionization produced typical [M+H]+ molecular ions of amperozide (m/z 403) and the internal standard (m/z 431). The limit of quantification for both methods, determined by using spiked blank liver in the concentration range 20-100 micrograms kg-1, was found to be below 70 micrograms kg-1.
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balizs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Börner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wennemar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010879:Piperazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; C049058:amperozide