title: Multinational comparisons of stroke epidemiology. Evaluation of case ascertainment in the WHO MONICA Stroke Study. World Health Organization Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As part of the WHO MONICA Project (World Health Organization Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease), mortality and incidence rates of acute stroke in 14 centers covering 21 populations from 11 countries were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, coverage and quality of the MONICA stroke registers were evaluated on five key indicators using data submitted to the MONICA Data Center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A low ratio of MONICA stroke register to routine statistics of stroke mortality and a low proportion of nonfatal out-of-hospital events were the most common biases; they indicate that identifications of fatal cases and/or case finding of nonfatal events occurring outside the hospital were inadequate in many MONICA centers. In 10 populations, the data quality analyses suggested that clarification of possible biases would be needed before these populations can be included in a comparative study. Data from the remaining 11 populations meet the data quality standards for multinational comparisons with respect to case ascertainment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that multinational comparisons of stroke incidence involve considerable problems in developing and maintaining appropriate standards of data quality. However, after considerable efforts to ensure quality, comparisons of stroke data within the MONICA Project are possible among a large number of the MONICA populations. Our observations also indicate that results from multinational comparisons of stroke mortality based on routine statistics must be interpreted with caution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asplund
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuulasmaa
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rajakangas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schaedlich
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thorvaldsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015982:Bias; D002423:Cause of Death; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003625:Data Collection; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015996:Survival Rate; D014944:World Health Organization