title: Stimulatory effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on catecholamine synthesis in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: involvements of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation caused by Ca2+ influx and cAMP.
abstract: In cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, pituitary adenylate cylase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulated [14C]catecholamine synthesis from [14C]tyrosine (but not from [14C]DOPA) in a concentration-dependent manner, causing maximal stimulation at 10(-7) M. The stimulatory action of PACAP was not affected by staurosporine (an inhibitor of protein kinase C) or in the cells in which protein kinase C was down-regulated by prolonged exposure to TPA (an activator of protein kinase C), whereas it was partially attenuated in Ca(2+)-free medium. PACAP (10(-7) M) increased the formation of [3H]inositol phosphates, [Ca2+]i and 45Ca2+ uptake as well as cAMP. The peptide also stimulated the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase, the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in catecholamine synthesis. Catecholamine synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation stimulated by the maximal effective concentration of dibutyryl cAMP or high K+, which activates Ca2+ uptake, were further enhanced by PACAP, suggesting that both cAMP- and Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases may be involved in the stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and catecholamine synthesis caused by PACAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Houchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D002118:Calcium