title: Ibutilide, a methanesulfonanilide antiarrhythmic, is a potent blocker of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr) in AT-1 cells. Concentration-, time-, voltage-, and use-dependent effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ibutilide is an action potential-prolonging antiarrhythmic currently in clinical trials. The drug shares structural similarities with E-4031 and dofetilide, specific blockers of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr). However, previous in vitro studies in guinea pig myocytes have indicated that ibutilide does not block IKr but rather increases a slow inward sodium current.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we compared the effects of ibutilide with those of dofetilide on outward current in mouse atrial tumor myocytes (AT-1 cells), a preparation in which, unlike guinea pig, a typical IKr is the major delayed rectifier and can be readily recorded in isolation from other currents. In AT-1 cells, ibutilide and dofetilide were both potent IKr blockers, with EC50 values of 20 (n = 12) and 12 (n = 8) nmol/L, respectively, at +20 mV. The time and voltage dependence of IKr inhibition by the two compounds were virtually identical. The following characteristics were most consistent with open channel block: (1) block increased with depolarizing pulses; (2) block increased with longer pulses; (3) currents deactivated more slowly in the presence of drug, resulting in a "crossover" typical of open channel block; and (4) with repetitive pulsing after drug wash-in, use-dependent block was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the clinical actions of ibutilide are mediated at least in part by block of IKr; an effect on inward currents is not excluded. AT-1 cells are a useful model system for the study of drug block of this important repolarizing current.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn 37232-6602.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Snyders
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Roden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D010627:Phenethylamines; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D013449:Sulfonamides; C067192:ibutilide; C063533:dofetilide