title: Alterations in hyaluronan synthesis during developing joint cavitation.
abstract: The mechanisms essential for generating diarthrodial joint cavities between skeletal elements in developing limbs remain enigmatic. Histochemical localization of hyaluronan (HA) at joint interzones concomitant with cavitation led to the postulation that HA may be pivotal in this process. HA synthesis involves the transfer of UDP-glucuronate and UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine to nascent HA by HA synthase. Uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase (UDPGD) activity is responsible for the prior conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronate. We have assessed the relationship between the appearance of HA and enzyme activities (quantitatively where possible) involved in HA synthesis during metatarsophalangeal joint development in embryonic chicks. Microspectrophotometric assessment of UDPGD activity using an in situ biochemical assay indicated that cells immediately adjacent to forming cavities contained increased UDPGD activity, which was subsequently maintained after cavitation. Immunocytochemistry showed that high levels of expression of HA synthase were localized to these same cells. In addition, radiolabeled sulfate autoradiography showed that cells bordering developing cavities incorporated relatively little sulfate, suggesting that UDP-glucuronate is utilized in the synthesis of undersulfated or non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans. These results indicate that the differentiation of cells bordering presumptive spaces may involve alterations associated specifically with differential synthesis of HA, which appears to be a primary event in joint cavity formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pitsillides
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prehm
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bayliss
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography / Q000379:methods; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000379:methods; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007596:Joints / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D013462:Sulfur Radioisotopes; D014533:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013431:Sulfates; D013462:Sulfur Radioisotopes; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D014533:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase