title: Klippel-Feil anomaly combined with fetal alcohol syndrome.
abstract: Alcohol is the most frequent and most important teratogenic noxa for the embryo and fetus. It may lead to deformation of all cells and organs. A case of Klippel-Feil anomaly associated with fetal alcohol syndrome is described. The diagnosis of Klippel-Feil anomaly, even a late diagnosis made on the basis of rare deformities, is very important as the affected patients are at a high risk of alcoholism. The combination of Klippel-Feil anomaly with numerous other syndromes and deformities suggests a basic general disorder of skeletal maturation. Diverse cases of Klippel-Feil anomaly possibly originate, in reality, in an unrecognized fetal alcohol syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemeine Orthopädie, Akademie für Manuelle Medizin, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schilgen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Loeser
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007714:Klippel-Feil Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography