title: Hyperglycemia and hemorrhagic transformation of cerebral infarcts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of factors that predispose to bleeding into ischemic brain could lead to safer use of thrombolytic agents in the setting of ischemic stroke. Recently de Courten-Meyers and colleagues reported that occluding the middle cerebral artery of markedly hyperglycemic cats was associated with 5-fold more frequent and 25-fold more extensive hemorrhage into infarcts than in normoglycemic animals. Hemorrhage associated with hyperglycemia in cats was much more pronounced with reperfusion than with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe two patients with a unique presentation of diffuse hemorrhagic infarction of the caudate and lentiform nuclei associated with initially marked hyperglycemia and the subsequent development of hemichorea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hypothesize that the marked hyperglycemia due to poor control of diabetes contributed to the hemorrhagic change of the caudate and lenticular nuclei. Because the hemorrhage in hyperglycemic cats was more pronounced in the setting of reperfusion, hemorrhagic risk associated with hyperglycemia should be investigated, particularly in ongoing thrombolytic treatment trials for acute ischemic stroke. We encourage other acute stroke investigators to prospectively look at the risk of brain hemorrhage in stroke patients with marked hyperglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH 45267-0525.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brott
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomsick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D002819:Chorea / Q000209:etiology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000473:pathology; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male