title: Long-term observation of retinal lesions in tuberous sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain long-term photographic follow-up of retinal astrocytic hamartomas in patients with tuberous sclerosis to learn about their stability or possible growth patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with a confirmed diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis and in whom retinal astrocytic hamartomas were photographed before 1986 at the Mayo Clinic underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, and fundus photographs were taken. The new photographs were compared with previous photographs, and changes in size, character, or number of retinal hamartomas were determined. The minimum follow-up period was five years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 37 astrocytic hamartomas were found. Follow-up ranged from almost six years to more than 34 years, with an average of 16 years. Hamartomas in three patients showed progressive or new calcification. In a fourth patient a retinal hamartoma appeared to originate from a site that had been previously photographically documented to be normal. The remaining hamartomas appeared unchanged over the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although most retinal lesions in tuberous sclerosis remain stable, some become calcified over time. Additionally, new lesions may develop from previously normal-appearing retina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Zimmer-Galler
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*