title: Coronary artery lumen volume measurement using three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound: validation of a new technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate an automated algorithm for the measurement of lumen volumes of coronary arteries.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current intravascular ultrasound systems use absolute measurements of and changes in areas and diameters for the assessment of coronary artery disease. However, the coronary artery is a three-dimensional structure of complex geometry and volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a comprehensive imaging system designed to reconstruct planar intravascular ultrasound images in three dimensions. This system consisted of a 25 MHz transducer-tipped rigid probe (for in vitro studies) or a 25 MHz transducer-tipped catheter within a 3.9F monorail imaging sheath (for in vivo studies), a motorized catheter pullback device that withdrew the transducer at 0.5 mm/sec, and an image processing computer that stacked 15 image slices/mm of vessel axial length and then performed threshold-based three-dimensional image rendering and lumen volume measurement. We imaged 13 human coronary vessels (6 RCA, 6 LAD, 1 LCX) in vitro and 16 vessels (8 LAD, 6 RCA, 2 SVG) in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Lumen volumes derived by three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound were 171 +/- 121 mm3 and compared very well with those derived by histology (160 +/- 109 mm3, r = 0.97, SEE = 29 mm3, P < 0.001) and with those derived by manual planimetry of planar intravascular ultrasound images (150 +/- 106 mm3, r = 0.97, SEE = 30 mm3, P < 0.001). In vivo studies: Lumen volumes derived by three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound were 74 +/- 35 mm3 and compared well with those derived by quantitative angiography (52 +/- 20 mm3, r = 0.71, SEE = 25 mm3, P < 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound is a new technique that can accurately measure coronary artery lumen volumes. Further technical improvements may help to establish this technique as the new standard for lumen volume measurement.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Washington Hospital Center, DC.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Matar
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Douek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farb
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Virmani
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Javier
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Popma
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pichard
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Satler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods