title: Induction of apoptosis in liver tumors by the monoterpene perillyl alcohol.
abstract: The monoterpenes d-limonene and perillyl alcohol (POH) inhibit the growth of mammary tumors. In this investigation we tested whether POH is also effective in reducing liver tumor growth. Diethylnitrosamine was used to induce liver tumors in male Fischer 344 rats. Two weeks after diethylnitrosamine exposure was discontinued, the animals were divided into POH-treated and untreated groups. The mean liver tumor weight for the POH-treated rats after 19 weeks of POH treatment was 10-fold less than that for the untreated animals. POH did not influence tumor cell proliferation but increased the apoptotic index approximately 10-fold. The mRNA levels for the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor and the transforming growth factor beta type I, II, and III receptors were also significantly increased in the liver tumors from the POH-treated animals when compared to the corresponding receptor mRNA levels in the normal tissue surrounding the tumors and in the tumors of untreated animals. These results demonstrate that POH does not promote the formation of liver tumors, but rather inhibits their growth by enhancing tumor cell loss through apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chari
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jirtle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D039821:Monoterpenes; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D039821:Monoterpenes; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D013729:Terpenes; C032208:perillyl alcohol