title: The disruptive effects of ketamine on passive avoidance learning in mice: involvement of dopaminergic mechanism.
abstract: The involvement of dopaminergic mechanisms in ketamine-induced disruption of one trial step-through passive avoidance performance was assessed through the coadministration with the dopamine D1 antagonist SCH 23390, the dopamine D2 antagonist YM-091512 and the dopamine autoreceptor agonist at low doses, apomorphine, in mice. Pretraining (10 min before) administration of ketamine (0; saline, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg SC) dose-dependently reduced the latency in the retention trial conducted 24 h after the training. However, ketamine did not affect the retention latency when administered immediately after the training or prior to retention. YM-09151-2 (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg SC) and apomorphine (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg SC), but not SCH 23390 (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg SC), ameliorated the impaired reduction by ketamine (10 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that ketamine obstructs the acquisition of the passive avoidance task, and that this effect is induced by stimulation of dopamine D2 receptors through dopamine release from the presynaptic terminals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchihashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuribara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Isa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004597:Electroshock; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D001552:Benzazepines; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D007649:Ketamine; D001058:Apomorphine; C030265:nemonapride; D004298:Dopamine