title: The effect of amflutizole, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, on ischemia-evoked purine release and free radical formation in the rat cerebral cortex.
abstract: The efflux of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid into cortical superfusates was studied with the cortical cup technique in the rat. Twenty minutes of four vessel occlusion followed by reperfusion results in a massive increase in the efflux of these purine metabolites. Amflutizole, 10 microM administered topically into the cortical cups, enhanced the ischemia-evoked release of hypoxanthine while it suppressed xanthine formation. Uric acid levels were not affected. Amflutizole also eliminated the ischemia/reperfusion-evoked generation of free radical adducts of alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN) detected by electron spin resonance. These results are consistent with a block of xanthine oxidase by amflutizole and support the involvement of xanthine oxidase in free radical mediated tissue damage following ischemia/reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: O'Regan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith-Barbour
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Phillis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D005609:Free Radicals; D008297:Male; D011687:Purines / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D011687:Purines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013844:Thiazoles; C046749:amflutizole; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase