title: Transvenous permanent left ventricular pacing. A case report.
abstract: This case report presents a patient who inadvertently received transvenous permanent left ventricular pacing through an unexpected atrial septal defect. This lead malpositioning was proved by two-dimensional and transesophageal echocardiography. The abnormal pattern of electric activation was demonstrated by radionuclide phase image analysis. He has been followed up for a total of forty-three months with antiplatelet therapy and has been free from systemic embolic phenomena. A simple and readily available method that could lead to early recognition of lead malpositioning is reiterated and the various causes, methods of detection, and prognosis of left ventricular pacing are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D004452:Echocardiography; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006327:Heart Block / Q000628:therapy; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors