title: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: flow quantitation by means of two-dimensional cardiac-gated phase-contrast MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test two-dimensional cardiac-gated phase-contrast (2DGPC) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the evaluation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and the alterations in flow that accompany embolization therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2DGPC sequence was used to measure flow velocity in the feeding vessels and corresponding contralateral vessels (CCVs) of seven patients (six men and one woman, 21-55 years of age; mean, 37 years) with cerebral AVMs and in the vessels of four healthy volunteers (all men; mean age, 22 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the patients, the flow in the feeding vessels exceeded the flow in the CCVs by a margin far greater than the asymmetry in flow in the volunteers. The mean reduction in flow after embolization was 54.9% +/- 11.1 in embolized feeding vessels (n = 6) and 5.3% +/- 2.8 in nonembolized vessels (n = 3). Postembolization flow enhancement was observed in the CCV (n = 2), which suggests a degree of autoregulatory dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique can be used to evaluate the flow patterns of AVMs and the hemodynamic changes that occur with embolization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Tarr
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Haacke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male