title: In vivo assessment of trabecular smooth muscle tone, its application in pharmaco-cavernosometry and analysis of intracavernous pressure determinants.
abstract: A pharmaco-cavernosometry based clinical study was designed to define hemodynamic parameters consistent with complete trabecular smooth muscle relaxation, establish a methodology for overcoming incomplete trabecular smooth muscle relaxation, and determine under controlled conditions the contribution of venous outflow and arterial inflow to the steady-state equilibrium intracavernous pressure. Flow-pressure relationships were analyzed in 21 patients each of whom was assumed to have complete smooth muscle relaxation by virtue of the full, rigid and maintained erectile response following intracavernous vasodilator administration, which required intracavernous adrenergic agonists to achieve detumescence. Flow-to-maintain values increased linearly with intracavernous pressure while venous outflow resistance values were high and constant. Based on these relationships, trabecular smooth muscle tone was assessed in 123 impotent patients. In 14%, 63% and 14% of the patients (112 of 123 overall), respectively, 1, 2 and 3 doses of vasoactive agents were required to achieve hemodynamic relationships consistent with complete trabecular smooth muscle relaxation. In 9% of the patients such hemodynamic relationships were unable to be reached. In the 112 patients the influence of different engineering based measures of corporeal veno-occlusive function, including flow-to-maintain, pressure decay, venous outflow resistance and corporeal capacitance, was analyzed against the spectrum of equilibrium steady-state intracavernous pressures. Two distinct equilibrium pressure groups were identified reflecting different capacitance states: pressures greater than 60 mm. Hg (associated with low capacitance values) and pressures less than 50 mm. Hg (associated with high capacitance values), with pressures 50 to 59 mm. Hg representing a hemodynamic transition zone. When analyzed during complete trabecular smooth muscle relaxation, corporeal veno-occlusive hemodynamic variables in conjunction with cavernous arterial perfusion pressure determine the steady-state equilibrium intracavernous pressure. Failure to assess corporeal veno-occlusive function under such conditions will overestimate the degree of suspected corporeal structural disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hatzichristou
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saenz de Tejada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kupferman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namburi
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Pescatori
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Udelson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009129:Muscle Tonus; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010208:Papaverine; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010646:Phentolamine; D011312:Pressure; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists; D010208:Papaverine; D010646:Phentolamine