title: Biventricular repair in cardiac isomerism. Report of seventeen cases.
abstract: Ninety-three patients with cardiac isomerism were treated surgically from July 1985 to June 1991. Among them, three patients with right and 14 with left isomerism underwent biventricular repair. Ages ranged from 4 months to 41 years (mean 4.8 years). Anatomic repair was accomplished in 15 patients and functional repair with the right ventricle used as the systemic ventricle in two patients. Methods of atrial septation to separate pulmonary venous flow from systemic venous flow included atrial partition with a straight patch in seven patients, intraatrial rerouting with a tailored baffle in five, and a Mustard-type atrial switch in five. One hospital death (5.8%) and two late deaths (12%) occurred. Two patients required reoperation (12%), one reconstruction of a stenotic systemic venous connection and one mitral valve replacement because of incompetence. Surgically induced complete atrioventricular block was not observed in any of the patients. Optimal atrial septation offers the possibility of biventricular repair for patients with acceptable intraventricular structure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Matsuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawashima
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome