title: Isoproterenol inhibits rod outer segment phagocytosis by both cAMP-dependent and independent pathways.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors studied the involvement of cAMP-dependent second messenger systems in the inhibition of rod outer segment (ROS) phagocytosis by isoproterenol (ISO) and forskolin (FSK) using two membrane-permeant analogs of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the Rp and Sp diastereoisomers of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphothioate (cAMPS). Rp-cAMPS is a potent competitive inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase I and II (PKA I and II), whereas Sp-cAMPS is a potent activator of these enzymes.
  
  
  METHODS
  ROS phagocytosis was quantitated in cultured rat RPE cells using a previously described double immunofluorescence assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sp-cAMPS showed a dose-dependent inhibition of ROS phagocytosis, whereas 100 microM Rp-cAMPS had no effect on this process. Rp-cAMPS fully prevented the inhibitory effect of Sp-cAMPS and FSK but was able to prevent only partially the inhibition of ROS phagocytosis induced by ISO. Isoproterenol plus FSK showed an additive effect on the inhibition of phagocytosis, suggesting that they act at two independent sites. However, ISO plus Sp-cAMPS or FSK plus Sp-cAMPS showed no additivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that FSK inhibits ROS phagocytosis by RPE cells through a cAMP-dependent pathway, whereas ISO inhibits ROS phagocytosis by RPE cells through cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent pathways.
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-7008.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Mittag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D012374:Rod Cell Outer Segment / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D013873:Thionucleotides; D005576:Colforsin; C016957:adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D007545:Isoproterenol