title: PCDD/Fs and non-o-PCBs in digested U.K. sewage sludges.
abstract: Twelve digested sewage sludges from rural and urban waste water treatment works in the north-west of England were analysed for PCDD/Fs and non-o-PCBs. The PCDD/F analysis of eight samples was repeated using high-resolution mass spectrometry, which enabled detection of the lower chlorinated congeners and calculation of TE values. sigma TEQ values for these eight samples ranged from 19-206 ng/kg with the higher values detected in the samples from urban/industrial areas. Examination of the congener/homologue profiles for the more contaminated samples suggests a major input from the use of pentachlorophenol. Archived sewage sludge samples collected and stored from one sewage treatment works in the south of England between 1942 and 1960 were analyzed to gain some insight into temporal trends and possible variations in source inputs. These provide some evidence of changing sources of PCDD/Fs over time and a decline in sigma TEQs since the 1950s.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sewart
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Harrad
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: McLachlan
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D004739:England; D010622:Phencyclidine; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012722:Sewage; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D010622:Phencyclidine