title: An analysis of a behavioral intervention for children undergoing venipuncture.
abstract: An examination of factors was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the distraction component of a behavioral intervention (use of a party blower). In one condition, parents were instructed to coach children in the use of a party blower and to praise child cooperation. In a second condition, nurses were instructed to assist parents in coaching the child. Parents used the coaching skills they learned and got their children to use the distraction technique. Use of the distraction technique was associated with less crying. Encouragement from a health care professional and intervention early in the procedure did not enhance the intervention's effectiveness. Older children and children who were less distressed during the initial phase of the procedure were less likely to reject the intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Manne
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bakeman
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gorfinkle
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Redd
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000367:Age Factors; D001815:Bloodletting / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003448:Crying / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010146:Pain / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012737:Sex Factors