title: Prolonged treatment of breast cancer cells with antiestrogens increases the activating protein-1-mediated response: involvement of the estrogen receptor.
abstract: At micromolar (pharmacological) concentrations, the action of tamoxifen on the proliferation of estrogen-dependent cells can be mediated not only by the estrogen receptor (ER), but also by other target molecules, such as protein kinase-C (PKC), which are easily inhibited by antiestrogens in cell-free experiments. By developing MTLN and MDT cell lines, in which any modulation of PKC activity is reflected by a variation of the expression of an activating protein-1 (AP-1)-controlled firefly luciferase gene, we investigated whether such antiestrogen inhibitory effects on PKC occurred in intact breast cancer cells. Firstly, in short term (4-h) treatment of both cell lines, antiestrogens only inhibited the 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced luciferase activity at very high concentrations (30 microM). A cytolytic effect was also observed. Secondly, in prolonged (4-day) treatments of MTLN (ER-positive) cells, low antiestrogen concentrations (nanomolar) decreased the basal AP-1 response by about 2 and increased the 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-stimulated AP-1 response by about 3-4. This stimulation was mediated by ER, because 1) dose-response curves established with tamoxifen and hydroxytamoxifen were in agreement with their affinity for ER; 2) when present with antiestrogens, estradiol abolished this phenomenon; and 3) this effect was not observed in MDT (ER-negative) cells. Such a latent activation of AP-1 pathway could appear in the course of breast cancer antiestrogen treatment, in conditions where natural PKC activators are abnormally produced with unexpected consequences on the results of a long term antiestrogen treatment.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U-58, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Astruc
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chabret
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bali
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gagne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pons
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D008156:Luciferases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate