title: Delta-opiod receptor-mediated forced swimming stress-induced antinociception in the formalin test.
abstract: Forced swimming stress-induced antinociception (FSSIA) was assessed using the formalin test. Male ICR mice, weighing about 30 g, were forced to swim in water at 20 degrees C for 3 min. In unstressed mice, SC injection of formalin (0.5%) to the hindpaw caused a biphasic response: an immediate nociceptive response (first phase) followed by a tonic response (second phase). Although forced swimming stress (FSS) had no effect on the duration of the first-phase response, FSS significantly reduced the duration of the second-phase response. The effect of FSSIA on the second-phase response was blocked by naltrindole (1 mg/kg, SC), a selective delta-opioid receptor antagonist, but not by beta-funaltrexamine (20 mg/kg, SC), a selective mu-opioid receptor antagonist. These results indicate that FSS may selectively reduce the second phase of the formalin-induced nociceptive response, primarily through delta-opioid receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hitosugi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasuya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005557:Formaldehyde; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D005557:Formaldehyde; D009271:Naltrexone; C024524:beta-funaltrexamine; C055382:naltrindole