title: Exercise-induced mitral regurgitation is a predictor of morbid events in subjects with mitral valve prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study attempted to determine whether a subset of patients with mitral valve prolapse and no mitral regurgitation at rest will develop mitral regurgitation during exercise and have a higher than anticipated risk of morbid cardiovascular events.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mitral regurgitation in patients with mitral valve prolapse identifies a subset of patients at higher risk for morbid events. However, mitral regurgitation in patients with mitral valve prolapse may be intermittent and could go unrecognized. A provocative test to unmask mitral regurgitation in these patients would be useful.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four adult patients with mitral valve prolapse and no mitral regurgitation at rest were studied during supine bicycle ergometry using color flow Doppler echocardiography in the apical four-chamber and long-axis views. Patients were prospectively followed up for morbid events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty (32%) of 94 patients had exercise-induced mitral regurgitation. Prospective follow-up (mean 38 months) showed more morbid events in the group with than without mitral regurgitation and included, respectively, syncope (43% vs. 5%, p < 0.0001), congestive heart failure (17% vs. 0%, p < 0.005) and progressive mitral regurgitation requiring mitral valve replacement surgery (10% vs. 0%, p < 0.05). Cerebral embolic events, endocarditis or sudden death were rare and not different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with mitral valve prolapse without mitral regurgitation at rest, exercise provokes mitral regurgitation in 32% of patients and predicts a higher risk for morbid events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40202.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Stoddard
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Longaker
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Liddell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008945:Mitral Valve Prolapse / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009017:Morbidity; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests