title: Glossopharyngeal denervation alters responses to nutrients and toxic substances.
abstract: Functional roles of the glossopharyngeal (GL) nerve on food and fluid intake were studied by examining effects of the GL denervation on two biologically different activities induced by specific diets using mice and rats. First, we examined whether GL section alters the acceptability of a bitter tasting essential amino acid, L-lysine (Lys), by Lys-deficiency in mice. The aversion threshold for Lys, normally about 3 uM in mice, increased to about 300 uM when mice were fed the Lys-deficient diet for 10 days. This increase of the Lys aversion threshold (increase of acceptability for Lys) by Lys-deficiency was also evident in mice with the chorda tympani denervation but was not observed in mice with the GL denervation. Next, we examined whether GL section alters the induction of a salivary protein, cystatin S (a cysteine proteinase inhibitor), by a diet containing papain (a cysteine proteinase) in rats. GL denervation largely inhibited the induction of cystatin S in the rat submandibular glands by papain. These results collectively suggest that chemosensory information conveyed by the GL nerve plays important roles on recognition of both nutrient and toxic compounds in the diet and induction of biological responses that protect the animal from both nutritional deficiency and exogenous toxic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kajiura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katsukawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D002814:Chorda Tympani Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D015891:Cystatins / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000502:physiology*; D005930:Glossopharyngeal Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D008239:Lysine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010206:Papain / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055333:Salivary Cystatins; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*; D013650:Taste Buds / Q000502:physiology*; D013652:Taste Threshold / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C525174:Cyss protein, rat; D015891:Cystatins; D055333:Salivary Cystatins; D010206:Papain; D008239:Lysine