title: Molecular diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome) by automated sequencing and computer-assisted interpretation: toward mutation mapping of the iduronate-2-sulfatase gene.
abstract: Virtually all mutations causing Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type II) are expected to be new mutations. Therefore, as a means of molecular diagnosis, we developed a rapid method to sequence the entire iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) coding region. PCR amplicons representing the IDS cDNA were sequenced with an automatic instrument, and output was analyzed by computer-assisted interpretation of tracings, using Staden programs on a Sun computer. Mutations were found in 10 of 11 patients studied. Unique missense mutations were identified in five patients: H229Y (685C-->T, severe phenotype); P358R (1073C-->G, severe); R468W (1402C-->T, mild); P469H (1406C-->A, mild); and Y523C (1568A-->G, mild). Non-sense mutations were identified in two patients: R172X (514C-->T, severe) and Q389X (1165C-->T, severe). Two other patients with severe disease had insertions of 1 and 14 bp, in exons 3 and 6, respectively. In another patient with severe disease, the predominant (> 95%) IDS message resulted from aberrant splicing, which skipped exon 3. In this last case, consensus sequences for splice sites in exon 3 were intact, but a 395 C-->G mutation was identified 24 bp upstream from the 3' splice site of exon 3. This mutation created a cryptic 5' splice site with a better consensus sequence for 5' splice sites than the natural 5' splice site of intron 3. A minor population of the IDS message was processed by using this cryptic splice site; however, no correctly spliced message was detected in leukocytes from this patient. The mutational topology of the IDS gene is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Aronovich
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Whitley
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D006801:Humans; D007066:Iduronate Sulfatase / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016532:Mucopolysaccharidosis II / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007066:Iduronate Sulfatase