title: Cholera toxin and Salmonella typhimurium induce different cytokine profiles in the gastrointestinal tract.
abstract: Salmonella infection of the gastrointestinal tract (GT) results in fluid secretion and inflammation. In contrast, cholera toxin (CT) induces fluid secretion but no inflammation. Using a murine ligated intestinal loop model, we investigated cytokine production (interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in the GT following exposure to these agents. Salmonella typhimurium induced a Th1-like cytokine profile in loops obtained from either nonimmune mice or Salmonella-immunized mice. CT induced only IL-6 and IL-10 production in ligated loops from nonimmune mice but induced a Th2-like cytokine profile in ligated loops obtained from CT-immunized mice. These results show that CT and S. typhimurium induce very different cytokine profiles in the GT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-1019.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Klimpel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asuncion
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haithcoat
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Niesel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D008026:Ligation; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002772:Cholera Toxin