Immunization of US soldiers with a two-dose primary series of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: early immune response, persistence of antibody, and response to a third dose at 1 year.
To study the feasibility of using inactivated hepatitis A vaccine for rapid immunization of US soldiers, 276 randomized seronegative volunteers received one of four regimens: two injections, on day 0 or one each on day 0 and 14, day 0 and 30, or day 0 and 180. A third dose was given on day 380. Among the 256 recipients of two doses, 99% responded with antibody (by ELISA) with few symptoms. A higher percentage of recipients of both doses on day 0 had antibody at day 14 (68% vs. 52% of all others, P < .03). The highest antibody concentrations (711 mIU/mL on day 240) were observed in subjects given a second dose on day 180. Recipients of the third injection developed a median 15-fold rise in antibody within 2 weeks. Virus-neutralizing antibody was detected in high titers after the third dose and neutralized strains of hepatitis A virus from several countries. Vaccines containing 1440 ELISA units of antigen may be useful for rapid immunization.
DeFraites
R F
RF
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.
Feighner
B H
BH
Binn
L N
LN
Kanjarpane
D D
DD
Delem
A D
AD
MacArthy
P O
PO
Krauss
M R
MR
Krause
D S
DS
Moonsammy
G I
GI
Hoke
C H
CH
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D017957:Hepatitis A Virus, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014861:Washington
D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines