title: A comparison of the effects of jaw relaxation and music on postoperative pain.
abstract: This experimental study compared the effects of jaw relaxation and music, individually and combined, on sensory and affective pain following surgery. Abdominal surgical patients (N = 84) were randomly assigned to four groups: relaxation, music, a combination of relaxation and music, and control. Interventions were taught preoperatively and used by subjects during the first ambulation after surgery. Indicators of the sensory component of pain were sensation and 24-hour narcotic intake. Indicators of the affective component of pain were distress and anxiety of pain. With preambulatory sensation, distress, narcotic intake, and preoperative anxiety as covariates, the four groups were compared using orthogonal a priori contrasts and analysis of covariance. The interventions were neither effective nor significantly different from one another during ambulation. However, after keeping the taped interventions for 2 postoperative days, 89% of experimental subjects reported them helpful for sensation and distress of pain.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4904.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Good
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004434:Early Ambulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D012064:Relaxation Therapy