title: Musculoskeletal disorders and disability in persons aged 85 and over: a community survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalences of musculoskeletal disorders and disability in the elderly, and the relationship between them.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal disorders were classified according to published clinical criteria. The relative effects on disability (a walking distance of < 500 m or dependency in activities of daily living (ADL)) of musculoskeletal disorders and comorbidity were analysed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints. A shoulder disorder was found in 27% of subjects, rheumatoid arthritis in 1% and osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand, hip, and knee in five, seven, and 18% of subjects, respectively. Disability was frequent: a walking distance of < 500 m was found in 60% and ADL dependency in 40% of the group. Factors related to one or both of these disability measures included female gender, hip and knee OA, impaired vision, cognitive impairment and neurological disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Musculoskeletal pain and disorders, in addition to disability were frequent in this very elderly population. However, as a cause of disability, other disorders were at least as important as musculoskeletal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Schaardenburg
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Van den Brande
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ligthart
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Breedveld
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hazes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors