title: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the major histocompatibility complex peptide transporters TAP1 and TAP2: no association in a population with a high disease incidence.
abstract: Although many studies have established an association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and the class II region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), it has been difficult to assign susceptibility to a single locus. Recently, two antigen-processing genes, TAP1 and TAP2, have been identified within the region. Previous studies have reached conflicting conclusions as to the role of these genes in IDDM; it is uncertain whether an increased frequency of the allele TAP2A and a concomitant decrease in TAP2B are independent disease associations or secondary to linkage disequilibrium (LD) between TAP2A and HLA-DR3. To further investigate this question, we have characterized TAP1 and TAP2 alleles in 129 IDDM patients from Sardinia, a population with limited genetic heterogeneity and a high disease incidence. When compared to 90 random controls, the only significant difference was a decrease in the minor allele TAP2C in patients. However, when HLA-DR and -DQ matched controls were compared, this difference disappeared. Further analysis suggested that TAP2C was in LD with HLA-DRB1*1401 and subtypes of HLA-DRB1*11, alleles which were not observed in the IDDM population. LD was also observed between other TAP and HLA-DR alleles, in particular between TAP2A and HLA-DR3 in both patients and controls. Our data supports the conclusion that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM, and that previously reported associations may be due to LD with other class II loci.
authors.affiliation: Divisione Pediatria, USL 21, Ospedale San Michele, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cucca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Congia
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trowsdale
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Powis
mesh_terms: D000071181:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2; D000071450:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000483:Alleles; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000208:ethnology; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex
chemical_list: D000071181:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2; D000071450:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; C073119:TAP1 protein, human; C071692:TAP2 protein, human