title: Clinical, parasitologic, and immunologic observations of patients with hydrocele and elephantiasis in an area with endemic lymphatic filariasis.
abstract: Hydrocele and elephantiasis, major clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis, are thought to share a common pathogenesis. The characteristics of 121 patients with hydrocele or elephantiasis in Leogane, Haiti, were compared: 39% of 57 men with hydrocele and 3% of 64 persons with lymphedema of the leg were microfilaria-positive (P < .001). Circulating filarial antigen, presumably from the adult worm, was detected in 15 (43%) microfilaria-negative men with hydrocele and 9 (15%) microfilaria-negative persons with leg edema (P = .004). Microfilaria-positive men had lower levels of filaria-specific IgG1 and hydroceles of significantly smaller volume and shorter duration than did microfilaria-negative men; hydrocele volume was inversely associated with microfilarial density (P = .001). In contrast, filarial antigen but not microfilariae was associated with filaria-specific IgG4 and decreased lymphocyte proliferation. Antigen status was not associated with severity of leg edema. In this filariasis-endemic area, men with hydrocele are more immunologically and parasitologically heterogeneous than are persons with elephantiasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Addiss
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dimock
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Eberhard
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lammie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D004605:Elephantiasis, Filarial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D007074:Immunoglobulin G