title: Biliary bile acids of fruit pigeons and doves (Columbiformes): presence of 1-beta-hydroxychenodeoxycholic acid and conjugation with glycine as well as taurine.
abstract: The biliary bile acid composition of 30 species of pigeons and doves belonging to seven genera in the avian order Columbiformes was determined using TLC, HPLC, GLC/MS, LSIMS, and NMR. In 23 of 25 species of fruit pigeons and doves, chenodeoxycholic acid was the major bile acid (> 50%). In only 1 species (Ptilinopus ornatus) was cholic the major bile acid. A number of species (7 of 15 species in the genus Ptilinopus, and 6 of 9 species in the genus Ducula) contained 1 beta,3 alpha,7 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid in proportions ranging from 2 to 43%. This 1 beta-hydroxy derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid has not been previously identified as a major biliary bile acid in vertebrates. Five of 15 species of the genus Ptilinopus, 5 of 9 species of the genus Ducula, and the only species examined for the genus Gymnophaps contained 23R-hydroxy chenodeoxycholic acid in detectable proportions, ranging from 1 to 4%. Bile acids were conjugated (in N-acyl linkage) with glycine and taurine in 28 species and with only taurine in 2 species. The fruit pigeons are the first non-mammalian genera identified to date in whom bile acids are conjugated with glycine, as well as with taurine. An incidental finding was that a gallbladder was present in 3 genera (Ptilinopus, Ducula, and Gymnophaps) and absent in 4 genera (Gallicolumba, Chalcophaps, Otidiphaps, and Treron).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 93092-0813.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Hagey
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Schteingart
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Ton-Nu
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000032:analysis*; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D019826:Cholic Acid; D002793:Cholic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D010856:Columbidae; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013654:Taurine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C092209:1-hydroxychenodeoxycholic acid; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002793:Cholic Acids; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid; D013654:Taurine; D019826:Cholic Acid; D005998:Glycine