title: Schizophrenia and smoking: an epidemiological survey in a state hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors sought to determine whether smoking is related to schizophrenia or neuroleptic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cigarette smoking was measured in all patients hospitalized at a state hospital (N = 360) and compared in relation to gender and diagnosis (schizophrenic versus nonschizophrenic).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall frequency of smoking was 79% (N = 284). Male schizophrenic patients had the highest frequency of smoking, followed by male nonschizophrenic patients, female schizophrenic patients, and female nonschizophrenic patients, respectively. Schizophrenia and polydipsia were associated with both smoking and heavy smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After correction for other variables, schizophrenia appears to increase the risk of being both a smoker and a heavy smoker. There was a possible association between high doses of neuroleptics and smoking but only for nonschizophrenic patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Pennsylvania, Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute, Haverford.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Leon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dadvand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canuso
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Stanilla
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006783:Hospitals, State; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012651:Self Medication / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents