title: The effect of Norplant on glucose metabolism under hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemic conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of a levonorgestrel-releasing implant contraceptive (Norplant; Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA) on glucose metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective evaluation of insulin action and secretion in women under hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions in the midfollicular phase before and 8 weeks after Norplant placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Yale University Clinical Research Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven previously normally cycling, nonobese, nondiabetic women participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Norplant insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basal levels of glucose and insulin, as well as glucose-mediated insulin secretion, glucose uptake, and tissue sensitivity to insulin were assessed using the hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique before and after Norplant insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Norplant placement did not alter the fasting glucose or insulin levels. However, it was associated with a significant 37% increase in the first phase insulin response from a control level of 51 +/- 8 to 70 +/- 10 microU/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 7.175), and a significant 48% increase in the second phase insulin response from 60 +/- 5 to 89 +/- 8 microU/mL. In association with this increase in insulin levels after Norplant insertion, total mean body glucose uptake (M) increased from 8.08 +/- 0.91 to 9.53 +/- 0.95 mg/kg per minute. However, when expressed as the total body glucose uptake per unit of insulin, the M:I ratio (a measure of tissue sensitivity to insulin) decreased significantly from a mean of 0.12 +/- 0.02 to 0.10 +/- 0.01 mg/kg per minute per microU/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although Norplant insertion does not alter basal glucose and insulin levels, tissue sensitivity to insulin under hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemic conditions is decreased after Norplant insertion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Shamma
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: HajHassan
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Penzias
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Connoly-Diamond
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood*; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D016912:Levonorgestrel