title: Pit-1 exhibits a unique promoter spacing requirement for activation and synergism.
abstract: The developmentally regulated Pit-1 transcription factor is involved in the activation of prolactin, growth hormone, and TSH beta expression. Using templates with spacing mutations to program an in vitro transcription system, the activity of a single Pit-1 proximal binding site within the rat prolactin promoter was shown to have a unique bimodal distance requirement. Transcription activity rapidly decreased with each 5-base pair (bp) addition to the spacing between the binding site and the TATA box. When positioned 20 bp upstream from its normal -36 position in the prolactin promoter, the activity of the Pit-1 binding site is reduced to basal levels. Placement of the site at a position 30 bp upstream resulted in a return of Pit-1-mediated activation. Using transient transfection assays in GH3 cells, the prime bimodal sites are also a requirement for optimum expression of chimeric prolactin-luciferase reporter constructs. Interestingly, optimal synergism of transcription in vivo by the prolactin distal enhancer, containing four Pit-1 binding sites and an estrogen-responsive element, is also sensitive to the placement of the proximal Pit-1 binding site. These data have important implications for Pit-1 activator function in pituitary cells and for general models of transcription synergism.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, San Antonio 78245.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Z D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Sharp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011388:Prolactin / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; C494186:Pou1f1 protein, rat; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011388:Prolactin