title: The effects of race on diagnosis and disposition from a psychiatric emergency service.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have reported that racial differences exist in patterns of clinical psychiatric diagnoses as well as the distribution of mental health services resources. The psychiatric emergency service serves as an entry point into the mental health system, so it plays a potentially important role in addressing racial disparities in diagnosis and disposition. To address this disparity, the authors studied two specific questions: (1) are there racial differences in diagnosis and (2) are there racial differences in disposition of patients visiting a psychiatric emergency service?
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and clinical data were obtained by retrospective chart review of 490 patients randomly selected from 9500 visits to a large psychiatric emergency service during a 1-year period. All clinical information had been recorded by the primary treaters who had no knowledge of this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Black patients were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia and substance abuse than similar white patients, although less likely to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. Black patients were significantly more likely to be hospitalized, particularly at a public hospital, although there were no significant differences in insurance coverage or measures of suicidal or homicidal ideation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the availability of DSM-III-R criteria, black patients continue to be disproportionately diagnosed with schizophrenia. In this sample, this diagnosis may have been given in lieu of a personality disorder or affective illness diagnosis. Black patients are also more likely to be hospitalized. These observations suggest that further research is needed to clarify the effects of race on the decision-making process in diagnosis and disposition from the psychiatric emergency service.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267-0559.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Strakowski
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lonczak
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Sax
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crist
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Thienhaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D003657:Decision Making; D004637:Emergency Services, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology