title: Risk factors for intrahepatic recurrence in human small hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postoperative intrahepatic recurrence of human hepatocellular carcinoma is high. Recently, the relationship between proliferating cell activity in the cirrhotic liver and occurrence or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred two resected cases of small hepatocellular carcinoma of < 3 cm in diameter without venous invasion or intrahepatic metastasis were examined to ascertain the factors affecting postoperative intrahepatic recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cumulative intrahepatic recurrence rates at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery were 12.0%, 57.2%, and 67.6%, respectively. The log-rank test indicated that serum albumin levels of < 3.7 g/dL, alanine aminotransferase levels of more than 54 IU/L, active inflammation in the nontumorous portion, and high proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index in the nontumorous portion (> 23.2%) were significant risk factors for recurrence. Tumor factors, including tumor size, histological grade, or alpha-fetoprotein level, were not significant risk factors. Cox's proportional hazard model identified that serum albumin level and alanine aminotransferase level were independently associated with intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the principal cause linked to either a recurrence or a second new growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in the remnant liver after hepatectomy was the state of the underlying liver parenchyma as well as other tumor factors per se.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirabe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuneyoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen