title: Detection of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi among blood donors in the southwestern and western United States. II. Evaluation of a supplemental enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoprecipitation assay for confirmation of seroreactivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic to Latin America and may be transmitted in the United States via blood donated by infected immigrants. Blood-borne pathogens such as T. cruzi require supplemental testing for confirmation of seroreactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study was undertaken to determine an optimal scheme for confirmation of seroreactivity in repeatedly reactive samples identified by the Chagas antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The procedure for initial confirmation involves three purified antigens coated onto three separate polystyrene beads and uses an EIA format. If the sample is reactive with two of three or three of three antigens, it is confirmed as seroreactive. If none or one of three beads is reactive, the sample is indeterminate and subjected to a radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA). The RIPA must demonstrate characteristic bands at 32, 34, and 90 kDa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When tested with sera from persons with potentially cross-reactive diseases (n = 39) or against a presumed negative population from southeast Wisconsin (n = 289), the confirmatory EIA had a specificity of 100 percent. Sensitivity was 100 percent (28/28) with xenodiagnosis-positive sera and 97.6 percent (80/82) with chagasic sera from Latin America. The RIPA showed a specificity of 100 percent in EIA-nonreactive samples (n = 100) and a sensitivity of 100 percent with both xenodiagnosis-positive (28/28) and chagasic (82/82) sera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The confirmatory EIA and the RIPA together provide a highly specific and sensitive means of confirming seroreactivity for antibodies to T. cruzi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Biology Research, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brashear
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schur
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D001771:Blood Banks; D001782:Blood Donors; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007843:Latin America / Q000208:ethnology; D015531:Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015206:Southwestern United States; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan