title: Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP) Protocol B-17. Intraductal carcinoma (ductal carcinoma in situ). The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Collaborating Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy exists concerning the natural history of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, including its pathologic expression and treatment. This controversy has been fostered largely by the retrospective nature and limited sample sizes of extant studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resolution of some of these issues was attempted by analyzing the pathologic features of 573 examples of DCIS obtained from a larger cohort of 790 women with DCIS enrolled in Protocol B-17 of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project. This prospective randomized clinical trial was performed to assess the efficacy of local breast irradiation to reduce the incidence of second ipsilateral breast tumors (IBT) after lumpectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor and patient characteristics, including significantly less IBT for those treated by lumpectomy and irradiation than lumpectomy alone, were almost identical for the subset comprising this analysis and the total B-17 cohort reported previously. The presence of moderate/marked comedo necrosis, which was evaluated as an independent parameter rather than as a specific histologic type of DCIS and uncertain/involved lumpectomy margins were the only statistically significant independent predictors of IBT for patients treated by lumpectomy as well as irradiation. The latter markedly reduced the annual hazard rates for the IBT associated with these indicators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although not an endpoint of this study, the authors' findings suggest that the beneficial effect of irradiation in reducing IBT after lumpectomy for DCIS occurs with small (< 1.0 cm.) and larger lesions. Moderate/marked comedo necrosis and uncertain/involved lumpectomy margins represent independent predictors of IBT.
authors.affiliation: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Headquarters, Shadyside Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15232.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Costantino
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Palekar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Redmond
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mamounas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure