title: Nitric oxide is responsible for flow-dependent dilatation of human peripheral conduit arteries in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental evidence suggests that flow-dependent dilatation of conduit arteries is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and/or prostacyclin. The present study was designed to assess whether NO or prostacyclin also contributes to flow-dependent dilatation of conduit arteries in humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radial artery internal diameter (ID) was measured continuously in 16 healthy volunteers (age, 24 +/- 1 years) with a transcutaneous A-mode echo-tracking system coupled to a Doppler device for the measurement of radial blood flow. In 8 subjects, a catheter was inserted into the brachial artery for measurement of arterial pressure and infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 8 mumol/min for 7 minutes; infusion rate, 0.8 mL/min). Flow-dependent dilatation was evaluated before and after L-NMMA or aspirin as the response of the radial artery to an acute increase in flow (reactive hyperemia after a 3-minute cuff wrist occlusion). Under control conditions, release of the occlusion induced a marked increase in radial blood flow (from 24 +/- 3 to 73 +/- 11 mL/min; P < .01) followed by a delayed increase in radial diameter (flow-mediated dilatation; from 2.67 +/- 0.10 to 2.77 +/- 0.12 mm; P < .01) without any change in heart rate or arterial pressure. L-NMMA decreased basal forearm blood flow (from 24 +/- 3 to 13 +/- 3 mL/min; P < .05) without affecting basal radial artery diameter, heart rate, or arterial pressure, whereas aspirin (1 g PO) was without any hemodynamic effect. In the presence of L-NMMA, the peak flow response during hyperemia was not affected (76 +/- 12 mL/min), but the duration of the hyperemic response was markedly reduced, and the flow-dependent dilatation of the radial artery was abolished and converted to a vasoconstriction (from 2.62 +/- 0.11 to 2.55 +/- 0.11 mm; P < .01). In contrast, aspirin did not affect the hyperemic response nor the flow-dependent dilatation of the radial artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present investigation demonstrates that NO, but not prostacyclin, is essential for flow-mediated dilatation of large human arteries. Hence, this response can be used as a test for the L-arginine/NO pathway in clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Medical School, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joannides
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Haefeli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bakkali
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thuillez
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lüscher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D011464:Epoprostenol; D001241:Aspirin