title: Preliminary clinical experience with the Gunther temporary inferior vena cava filter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors describe their preliminary clinical experience with the Gunther temporary inferior vena cava (IVC) filter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven women and 10 men, mean age 52 years (range, 19-85 years), were treated with the temporary IVC filter. Indications for filter placement were pulmonary embolism (PE) in four patients and iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis in six. In these patients anticoagulation was contraindicated because of planned major surgery. Filters were placed in four patients following massive PE and in three for prophylaxis following cranial trauma. Four patients had underlying malignant disease. Filters were introduced through the right common femoral vein in 14 patients, the left common femoral vein in two, and the left internal jugular vein in one.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient developed recurrent PE with the filter in place. All filters were removed without complication 3-14 days (mean, 7 days) after placement. Two of the patients with underlying malignant disease required placement of a permanent filter. Two patients developed IVC thrombosis with the filter in place, and both developed recurrent PE after filter removal. Two patients developed insertion vein thrombosis. One patient developed a bleeding disorder that caused a massive hematoma at the insertion vein site, which may have contributed to her death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Gunther temporary filter can be used in selected patients; however, patients with underlying malignant disease may be more appropriately treated with a permanent filter. The temporary filter does not appear to reduce the rate of insertion vein and IVC thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Millward
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bormanis
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Burbridge
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Markman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D012008:Recurrence; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D016306:Vena Cava Filters / Q000009:adverse effects