title: Comparison of sedative effects induced by medetomidine, medetomidine-midazolam and medetomidine-butorphanol in dogs.
abstract: Sedative effects of combinations of medetomidine at 20 micrograms/kg--midazolam at 0.3 mg/kg (Me-Mi) and medetomidine at 20 micrograms/kg--butorphanol at 0.1 mg/kg (Me-B) were evaluated comparing with those of medetomidine alone (20, 40 and 80 mu/kg). All dogs given Me-Mi or Me-B were smoothly and rapidly induced to more profound and longer sedation than those by medetomidine alone. Especially, Me-Mi produced desirable sedation with moderate reflex depression, analgesia, excellent muscle relaxation and immobilization without further side effects. This potent effect of this combination seemed to be induced by a synergistic interaction between medetomidine and midazolam. This combination is available and valuable as a chemical restraint agent in dogs for various diagnostic or therapeutic procedures accompanied by light pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D008874:Midazolam