title: Variable stoichiometric efficiency of Ca2+ and Sr2+ transport by the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase.
abstract: In comparative experiments with Ca2+ ATPase in native sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and reconstituted proteoliposomes, we find that a variable stoichiometry of Ca2+ or Sr2+ transport per ATPase cycle is observed in the absence of passive leak through independent channels. The observed ratio is commonly lower than the optimal value of 2 and depends on the composition of the reaction mixture. In all cases, a progressive rise in the lumenal concentration of Ca2+ and Sr2+ is accompanied by a parallel reduction of coupling ratios. Significant ATPase activity remains even after asymptotic levels of Ca2+ accumulation are reached. This residual activity subsides if the Ca2+ concentration in the outer medium is reduced below activating levels (as it would following Ca2+ transients in muscle fibers). The reduction of stoichiometric coupling is explained with a reaction scheme, including a branched pathway for hydrolytic cleavage of phosphorylated intermediate before release of Ca2+ into the lumen of the vesicles. Flux through this pathway is favored when net lumenal Ca2+ dissociation from the phosphoenzyme is impeded and results in P(i) production accompanied by lumenal and medium Ca2+ exchange. Occurrence of reactions through branched pathways may have general implications for the stoichiometric efficiency of energy-transducing enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Inesi
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D017136:Ion Transport; D011510:Proteolipids / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology*; D013324:Strontium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011510:Proteolipids; C020485:proteoliposomes; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium; D013324:Strontium