title: Hepatic expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the hepatic expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frozen liver biopsy sections from 19 patients with chronic HBV infection were studied, 12 of whom were HBeAg positive and 10 serum HBV DNA positive. Hepatic expression of TNF alpha was determined using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only infiltrating mononuclear cells showed immunoreactive staining for TNF alpha (median 2, range 0-3; n = 19) which appeared as diffuse positive staining material in the cytoplasm. Patients with active liver disease, assessed histologically and biochemically, had a higher level of expression, both in the number of TNF alpha positive cells and the proportion of TNF alpha positive infiltrating mononuclear cells. There was no correlation between the expression of TNF alpha and serological parameters of viral infection (HBeAg and HBV DNA status and HBV DNA concentrations).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic expression of TNF alpha is increased in chronic HBV infection and is related to the activity of liver disease and not to the level of HBV replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vergani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha