title: Liver cell dysplasia is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In humans, the role of liver cell dysplasia as a preneoplastic lesion is still debated. A prospective, long-term, multicenter study was performed to establish whether liver cell dysplasia in cirrhosis is associated with an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 307 consecutive patients in whom liver cirrhosis was diagnosed by histology was investigated for development of HCC at 6-month intervals by ultrasonography and determination of alpha-fetoprotein levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At enrollment, liver cell dysplasia was found in 75 patients (24%) and in 53% (P < 0.01) of those positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). After a mean follow-up of 46 months, HCC was detected in 45 cases, and it was significantly more frequent in patients with liver cell dysplasia (P < 0.01) and HBsAg-serum positivity (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that liver cell dysplasia was the most important risk factor correlated with HCC development. HBsAg positivity and age over 60 years were also independent risk factors for HCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that liver cell dysplasia is a major risk factor for HCC, and it should be looked for carefully by pathologists in liver biopsy specimens to identify patients requiring more intensive observation.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borzio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roncalli
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Mels
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramella
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borzio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leandro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Servida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Podda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors