title: Cocaine and crack use and HIV risk behaviors among high-risk methadone maintenance clients.
abstract: A discriminant function analysis was performed with data from 409 high-risk heroin addicts at intake into a methadone maintenance treatment program to determine the characteristics of cocaine users. Cocaine users presented a higher-risk profile for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), engaged in a wider variety of criminal activities, were more likely to be African-American, reported more alcohol use, and showed more signs of psychological disturbance. A second discriminant function analysis determined that crack smokers differed from non-crack cocaine users in ethnicity, alcohol use, criminal activity, needle use, and marital status. Heroin addicts who use cocaine, in particular crack, represent a sub-group at higher risk and in need of targeted treatment planning and monitoring.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center, Neuropsychiatric Institute 90024.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Grella
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Anglin
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wugalter
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003042:Cocaine; D015897:Comorbidity; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine; D003042:Cocaine; D008691:Methadone