title: Acute endotoxin tolerance downregulates superoxide anion release by the perfused liver and isolated hepatic nonparenchymal cells.
abstract: This work is based on the hypothesis that low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suppresses the stimulatory and priming effects of a subsequent high-dose endotoxin on the formation of toxic oxygen-derived radicals by the perfused liver and isolated hepatic nonparenchymal cells. Such effects may in turn contribute to hyposensitivity to the lethal effect of large doses of endotoxin. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a nonlethal ("low-dose") intravenous injection of Escherichia coli LPS (0.5 mg/kg body weight) 12 to 120 hours before they were challenged by a "large dose" of endotoxin (10 mg/kg). Three hours after LPS challenge, the livers were perfused, and superoxide release was determined. Nonparenchymal cells were also isolated for the determination of superoxide anion formation in vitro. There was a low rate (0.14 +/- 0.1 nmol/min/g liver weight) of superoxide generated by the perfused livers from rats that received the low-dose LPS 1 to 5 days previously. Control livers generated less than 0.08 nmol superoxide. A high rate (1.3 +/- 0.1 nmol/min/g) of superoxide release was measured in the perfused liver 4 hours after treatment of previously untreated control rats with large-dose LPS. This was attenuated to 0.7 +/- 0.04 nmol/min/g by an injection of low-dose LPS before challenge. This attenuation was time dependent; it failed to manifest at 12, 24, or 120 hours after low-dose LPS. Isolated endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and sequestered hepatic neutrophils from rats given a high-dose LPS also generated significant amounts of superoxide both in the presence or absence of agonists, i.e., phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Spitzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000378:metabolism; D002469:Cell Separation; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D004731:Endotoxins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides; D000637:Transaminases