title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 selectively regulate neutrophil function in vitro.
abstract: The neutrophil is an important effector cell of the host response to sepsis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine mediator of the septic response, is rapidly released following endotoxemia or gram-negative bacteremia. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is another cytokine mediator of the host response to sepsis whose role is less well understood than that of TNF-alpha. It is known to be elevated in gram-negative sepsis, where peak levels have been correlated with mortality. This study examined the effect of IL-6 alone and in combination with TNF-alpha on three neutrophil functions--CD18 adhesion receptor expression, phagocytosis, and superoxide anion generation. Neutrophils from human volunteers were incubated with amounts of IL-6 ranging from 10 to 1000 ng/ml. At a concentration of 1000 ng/ml, IL-6 increased neutrophil phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria (826 +/- 255 x 10(3) MESF vs 552 +/- 103 MESF, P < 0.05) and also increased neutrophil superoxide anion generation (18.41 +/- 1.86 vs 12.6 nmol O2-/10(6) PMN/10 min, P < 0.05). Lesser amounts of IL-6 had no effect on phagocytosis or superoxide generation. IL-6 did not increase neutrophil CD18 adhesion receptor expression. Combining IL-6 with TNF-alpha at doses of 100 ng/ml and 100 U/ml, respectively, neutrophil phagocytosis (221 +/- 455 MESF vs 552 +/- 103 MESF) and superoxide generation (23.18 +/- 1.86 vs 12.6 nmol O2-/10(6) PMN/10 min) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased above control by an amount similar to that seen with 1000 U/ml TNF-alpha alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia--Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Windsor
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sugerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018821:CD18 Antigens; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides