title: Protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase are required for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated Egr induction.
abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3) can activate Raf kinase and induce Egr expression in cultured rat hepatic Ito cells (Lissoos, T. W., Beno, D. W. A., and Davis, B. H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 25132-25138). Since Raf is an upstream activator of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the current study evaluated the ability of D3 to activate MAPK. D3-activated MAPK and induced its cytoplasmic to perinuclear translocation in Ito cells. MAPK activation was found to be protein kinase C-dependent, which was analogous to previous studies of D3 and Raf activation. To further explore the D3 cascade, a series of transient transfections were performed using dominant negative raf and MAPK mutant plasmids which effectively block Ras-induced Raf and MAPK activity, respectively. D3 induced a marked increase in the expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene linked to the Egr promoter (egr-CAT). When the dominant negative Raf plasmid was co-transfected, there was no significant reduction in egr-CAT. In contrast, when the dominant negative MAPK plasmid was co-transfected, egr-CAT induction was completely abolished. These results suggest that 1) D3 stimulates MAPK via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway, 2) D3-induced Egr expression can occur via a pathway independent of Ras-induced Raf, and 3) D3 absolutely requires MAPK activity for Egr expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Beno
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bissonnette
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D018631:ras Proteins; D002117:Calcitriol