title: Oral clonidine premedication attenuates the hypertensive response to ketamine.
abstract: Clonidine diminishes sympathetic nervous system activity via a central action. To test if the haemodynamic responses to ketamine, a centrally acting sympathomimetic drug, are attenuated by clonidine, we studied arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) changes after ketamine 1 mg kg-1 in 40 normotensive patients undergoing general anaesthesia. They were allocated randomly to receive clonidine 5 micrograms kg-1 and famotidine 20 mg (n = 20) or to a control group (n = 20) which received only famotidine 20 mg orally 90 min before induction of anaesthesia. After administration of ketamine 1 mg kg-1 and vecuronium 0.2 mg kg-1, ventilation of the lungs was controlled with 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide at 4-4.7 kPa. AP and HR were measured noninvasively at 1-min intervals for 10 min after ketamine. After induction of anaesthesia, AP was increased significantly from resting values in the control group, but remained unchanged in the clonidine group (P < 0.05). Maximum changes in mean AP were also significantly greater in the control group compared with the clonidine group (29.2 (12.8) vs 19.5 (13.1) mm Hg, P = 0.02). However, no change in HR was noted throughout the 10-min study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011292:Premedication
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D003000:Clonidine