title: Endoscopic ultrasonography in the treatment of oesophageal varices by endoscopic sclerotherapy and band ligation: do we need it?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in monitoring the treatment of oesophageal varices by endoscopic sclerotherapy and band ligation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 35 patients with portal hypertension undergoing elective treatment for oesophageal varices by injection sclerotherapy with absolute ethanol (group 1, n = 19) or by endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL; group 2, n = 16). All patients were examined by EUS before treatment to assess the status of their oesophago-gastric varices and the presence of collateral and perforating veins. Evaluation with EUS was repeated to confirm variceal eradication whenever endoscopy suggested successful obliteration, or to determine the reason for failure when treatment did not appear to be successful. Depending on the endosonographic findings, treatment was continued until EUS showed complete variceal eradication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment, EUS showed insufficient variceal thrombosis in six (17%) patients who appeared to have variceal eradication at endoscopy. EUS was also superior to endoscopy for diagnosing gastric varices and showed patent vessels in 26 (74%) out of 35 patients. Gastric varices observed on EUS were detected at endoscopy in only 60% of cases. Endoscopic sclerotherapy and EVL had induced characteristic changes on EUS evaluation, and oesophageal fibrosis was observed more frequently in endoscopic sclerotherapy than in EVL-treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS provides valuable information on the status of oesophago-gastric varices and can be used to assess the efficiency of endoscopic sclerotherapy and EVL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Coimbra University Hospital, Portugal.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Leitão
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Portela
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ministro
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Freitas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D014463:Ultrasonography