title: A peripherin/retinal degeneration slow mutation (Pro-210-Arg) associated with macular and peripheral retinal degeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations in the peripherin/retinal degeneration slow (RDS) gene have been identified in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and pattern macular dystrophy. The authors initially examined a large family affected with both peripheral and macular degeneration, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Screening for peripherin/RDS mutations identified a previously unreported nucleotide alteration in all of the affected individuals. Two additional families later were found to have this same mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA samples from the members of three unrelated families were screened for peripherin/RDS mutations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified peripherin/RDS coding sequences. The sequence change that was detected was further characterized by DNA sequencing. Family members were examined and evaluated with psychophysical and electrophysiologic methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A proline to arginine mutation in codon 210 of peripherin/RDS was found in all clinically affected individuals. Macular changes included extensive geographic atrophy, pigment epithelial changes, and/or drusen. The proline to arginine mutation was not found among 100 healthy individuals, making it unlikely to be a nondisease-causing polymorphism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors identified a novel peripherin/RDS gene mutation associated with autosomal dominant retinal degeneration in patients from three different families. The largest family showed a broad variability in the expressivity of the mutation. The overlap of clinical features with those of age-related maculopathy highlights the need to consider photoreceptor-specific genes as potential factors in the etiology of the latter condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gorin
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Sheffield
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gass
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010375:Pedigree; D064531:Peripherins; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011392:Proline / Q000235:genetics; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C578994:PRPH protein, human; C578997:PRPH2 protein, human; D064531:Peripherins; D001120:Arginine; D011392:Proline