title: A type-specific avian influenza virus subunit vaccine for turkeys: induction of protective immunity to challenge infection.
abstract: The fraction NP/HA (nucleoprotein/haemagglutinin) obtained from n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-treated influenza A H5N2 virus was highly enriched for NP with residual haemagglutinin. This preparation was incorporated in ISCOMs. This potent 'immunostimulating complex' induced the production of high antibody titres in turkeys. The NP/HA ISCOMs preparation was found to protect turkeys from both homologous and heterologous challenge infection as shown by reduced viral titres in the lung and trachea of vaccinated turkeys. Clearance of the virus from trachea and lungs was seen at late stages of infection. The vaccine also induced a cellular immune response as measured by T-cell proliferation and a delayed-type hypersensitivity response. The results reported in this study demonstrate that the NP/HA ISCOM vaccine is capable of inducing type-specific immunity and that it has potential utility as a vaccine in turkeys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul 55108.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodihalli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sivanandan
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Halvorson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014132:Trachea / Q000821:virology; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D008934:Mitogens; D009698:Nucleoproteins