title: The design of potential antidiabetic drugs: experimental investigation of a number of beta-D-glucose analogue inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase.
abstract: alpha-D-glucose is a weak inhibitor (Ki = 1.7 mM) of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and acts as physiological regulator of hepatic glycogen metabolism; it binds to GP at the catalytic site and stabilizes the inactive T state of the enzyme promoting the action of protein phosphatase 1 and stimulating glycogen synthase. The three-dimensional structures of T state rabbit muscle GPb and the GPb-alpha-D-glucose complex have been exploited in the design of better regulators of GP that could shift the balance between glycogen synthesis and glycogen degradation in favour of the former. Close examination of the catalytic site with alpha-D-glucose bound shows that there is an empty pocket adjacent to the beta-1-C position. beta-D-glucose is a poorer inhibitor (Ki = 7.4 mM) than alpha-D-glucose, but mutarotation has prevented the binding of beta-D-glucose in T state GP crystals. A series of beta-D-glucose analogues has been designed and tested in kinetic and crystallographic experiments. Several compounds have been discovered that have an increased affinity for GP than the parent compound.
authors.affiliation: National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Oikonomakos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kontou
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Zographos
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Tsitoura
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Fleet
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bichard
mesh_terms: D003461:Crystallography; D015195:Drug Design; D005947:Glucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006005:Phosphorylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D006005:Phosphorylases; D005947:Glucose