title: Does the induction of ventricular flutter or fibrillation at electrophysiologic testing after myocardial infarction have any prognostic significance?
abstract: This study examines the significance of inducing sustained ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular flutter by programmed stimulation after infarction. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed for prognostic reasons from the right ventricular apex at twice diastolic threshold using a protocol containing 4 extrastimuli. Of 502 patients tested 11 +/- 4 days after acute infarction, VF was induced in 164 (33%), ventricular flutter in 134 (27%), ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 44 (9%), and no arrhythmia in 160 (32%). All groups were similar in age, sex distribution, and sites of index infarction. Those with inducible VT had a higher incidence of multiple infarctions and a lower mean left ventricular ejection fraction at the time of testing. Without antiarrhythmic drug therapy, 8 patients (18%) with inducible VT experienced spontaneous VT or died instantaneously during the first year of follow-up. By contrast, only 1 (0.6%) patient with inducible VF, 1 (0.7%) with ventricular flutter, and 1 (0.6%) without any inducible arrhythmias experienced similar events in the same period (p < 0.001). By relating the cycle length of the induced monomorphic arrhythmia to later spontaneous electrical events, induced arrhythmias with cycle length as low as 230 ms still identified patients at high risk for spontaneous arrhythmias. Only the induction of sustained monomorphic VT with a cycle length > 230 ms indicates patients with ventricular electrical instability after infarction. The induction of VF or ventricular flutter is a negative test result with no adverse long-term prognostic significance.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bourke
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Uther
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012306:Risk; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*