title: Overview of the nature of vasoconstriction in arterial grafts for coronary operations.
abstract: Many vasoconstrictors (spasmogens) may cause arterial graft spasm; however, there is lack of an overview of the nature of vasoconstriction in grafts. This study was designed to investigate the response of three major arterial grafts currently used for coronary artery bypass grafting to various vasoconstrictor substances. Segments of three arterial grafts (gastroepiploic [GEA], n = 28; internal mammary [IMA], n = 213; inferior epigastric [IEA], n = 24) taken from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were studied in organ baths under a physiologic pressure. Cumulative concentration-contraction curves were established for the following vasoconstrictor substances: endothelin-1, U46619, prostaglandin F2 alpha, norepinephrine, methoxamine, phenylephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and potassium chloride (K+). In IMA, the highest contraction force was induced by U46619 (5.69 +/- 0.48 g), endothelin-1 (4.43 +/- 0.4 g), PGF2 alpha (6.29 +/- 1.42 g), and K+ (4.58 +/- 0.5 g). Internal mammary artery is highly sensitive to endothelin-1 (EC50, -8.13 +/- 0.08 log M) and U46619 (EC50, -8.21 +/- 0.21 log M) (lower than any other vasoconstrictors, p < 0.001). Next sensitive vasoconstrictors were PGF2 alpha and norepinephrine. 5-Hydroxytryptamine induced significantly higher contraction force in the IMA without endothelium (2.8 +/- 0.64 g versus 1.4 +/- 0.23 g, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Albert Starr Academic Center for Cardiac Surgery, St. Vincent Heart Institute, Portland, Oregon 97225.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: C Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starr
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000098:blood supply*; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000494:pharmacology; D016232:Endothelins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011450:Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D016232:Endothelins; D011450:Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D015237:Dinoprost