title: Effects of glucocorticoids on transcription factor activation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: Glucocorticoids have an inhibitory effect on inflammatory and immune responses, and this may be through the modulation of transcription factor binding to DNA. The interaction of the transcription factors, activator protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B), and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) with DNA and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) was analyzed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by gel mobility shift assays. TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) treatment increased AP-1 and NF kappa B DNA binding by up to 200% but decreased CREB binding (38%) over a 60-min time course. Dexamethasone produced a rapid and sustained increase in glucocorticoid response element binding and a concomitant 40-50% decrease in AP-1, NF kappa B, and CREB DNA binding that was blocked by combined dexamethasone and cytokine or PMA treatment. These latter effects were due to increases in the nuclear localization of GR, not to reduced amounts of the other transcription factors. This suggests that in these cells GR within the nucleus interacts with cytokine-stimulated transcription factors by the process of cross coupling. This may be an important molecular site of steroid action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Adcock
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gelder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirasaki
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004586:Electrophoresis; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015335:Molecular Probes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003907:Dexamethasone; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate