title: Stuttering, language, and cognition: a review and a model of stuttering as suprasegmental sentence plan alignment (SPA).
abstract: Extant models of stuttering do not account for the emergence of stuttering at the onset of productive language use; the greater incidence of stuttering during spontaneous speech, on complex sentences, and at sentence-initial positions; the greater incidence of stuttering in bilinguals' 2nd language; the apparent deficiency of stutterers in expressive and receptive language skills; the prevalence of spontaneous recovery from stuttering; and the lack of chronic physiological or articulatory deficits in stuttering children's fluent speech. The author presents a model of stuttering as points of suprasegmental sentence plan alignment (SPA). Such alignment processes occur when, due to on-line sentence production processes, SPAs adopted prior to utterance initiation need to be aligned with revised SPAs. This model parsimoniously accounts for the findings reviewed in the article.
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv Univwersity, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karniol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D001364:Awareness; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D007808:Language Therapy; D008297:Male; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013070:Speech Therapy; D013342:Stuttering / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D014705:Verbal Behavior