title: Expression of human GLUT4 in mice results in increased insulin action.
abstract: Glucose metabolism was evaluated in transgenic mice expressing the human GLUT 4 glucose transporter. Fed GLUT 4 transgenic mice exhibited a 32% and 56% reduction in serum glucose and insulin and a 69% and 33% increase in non-esterified fatty acid and lactate levels, respectively. Transgenic mice exhibited a significant increase in whole-body glucose disposal during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated soleus muscles and adipocytes was greater in transgenic compared to control mice due to increased basal glucose uptake. Transgenic mice displayed increased glycogen levels in liver and gastrocnemius muscle, and increased insulin-stimulated 14C-glycogen accumulation in isolated soleus muscle. We conclude that over-expression of the GLUT 4 glucose transporter in mice results in 1) an increase in whole-body glucose disposal and storage, and 2) an increase in both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and disposal in vitro. These changes resulted in the reduction of serum glucose and insulin levels. These results provide direct evidence that glucose transport (and GLUT 4 per se) plays a significant role in regulating whole-body glucose homeostasis. Additionally, these data support the idea that pharmacological strategies directed at increasing the expression of GLUT 4 protein may have beneficial (hypoglycaemic) effects in the diabetic state.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Department, Sandoz Research Institute, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936.
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Deems
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Deacon
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Honer
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bürki
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Fillers
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; D006003:Glycogen; D005947:Glucose