title: Activation of the TSG-6 gene by NF-IL6 requires two adjacent NF-IL6 binding sites.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) encodes a protein expressed during inflammation. We have previously shown that transcription factors of the NF-IL6 and AP-1 families cooperatively modulate activation of the TSG-6 gene by TNF or interleukin 1 (IL-1) through a promoter region that contains an NF-IL6 site (-106 to -114) and an AP-1 element (-126 to -119). In this study we report the identification of an additional NF-IL6 site (NF-IL6*) located at positions -92 to -83. Footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggested that NF-IL6 binds with higher affinity to the newly identified NF-IL6* site than to the earlier identified promoter-distal NF-IL6 site and that the two sites cooperate in binding NF-IL6. TNF and IL-1 stimulate specific binding of nuclear proteins to the NF-IL6* site more efficiently than to the promoter-distal NF-IL6 site. Moreover, a mutation in the NF-IL6* site abolished transactivation of the TSG-6 promoter by NF-IL6 despite the presence of the intact promoter-distal NF-IL6 site. A mutation in the promoter-distal NF-IL6 site also greatly decreased activation of the TSG-6 promoter by NF-IL6. We conclude that the two NF-IL6 sites are functionally interdependent in the activation of the TSG-6 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klampfer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen-Kiang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilcek
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; C072273:TNFAIP6 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors