title: Nitric oxide blocks bile canalicular contraction by inhibiting inositol trisphosphate-dependent calcium mobilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The biochemical mechanism of bile canalicular contraction is similar to that of smooth muscle contraction. Contraction follows inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-dependent Ca2+ release, which activates actin-myosin interactions. Nitric oxide is a myorelaxant through the actions of 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and is produced in hepatocytes exposed to endotoxin and cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitric oxide on canalicular contraction and to determine the mechanism by which cGMP interferes with the contractile signal.
  
  
  METHODS
  The canalicular motility in rat hepatocyte doublets was measured by microscopic image analysis, and intracellular Ca2+ was measured by fluorescence microscopy. cGMP and InsP3 were determined by radio-immunoassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Ca2+ release from liver homogenate was measured by filtration and superfusion assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compounds that release nitric oxide stimulated hepatocellular production of cGMP and prevented agonist-induced contraction by inhibiting the increase in intracellular Ca2+. The cGMP analogue bromo-cGMP prevented contraction and the increase in Ca2+. Bromo-cGMP marginally decreased InsP3 production. cGMP blocked InsP3-dependent Ca2+ release from internal stores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that nitric oxide interferes with Ca2+ signals by cGMP-mediated inhibition of the InsP3 receptor/Ca2+ channel and that hepatocellular production of nitric oxide may be cholestatic by impairing canalicular motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Arias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001648:Bile Canaliculi / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002385:linsidomine; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D008981:Molsidomine; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D002118:Calcium