title: Glycemic response to stress is altered in euglycemic Pima Indians.
abstract: The aim of this work was to study the effects of a computer-driven mental arithmetic task on blood glucose in a group of four male and four female euglycemic Caucasians and a group of seven male and six female euglycemic Pima Indians. Approximately 60% of euglycemic Pima Indian Native Americans eventually develop type 2 diabetes, while only 5% of Caucasians develop the disease. All subjects had normal glucose tolerance. Subjects were given a standard breakfast; 2 h later, they were given a computerized mental arithmetic stress test for 10 min. Before, during and after the test, several variables were analyzed, including serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon and plasma cortisol and catecholamines. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and all the stress hormones increased during stress and decreased during recovery in all subjects. Blood glucose consistently declined one hour after the meal in all subjects. However, while it continued to decline following stress in seven out of eight Caucasian subjects, it consistently increased during and following stress in 10 out of 13 Pima Indians. Fasting serum glucose in Pima Indians and Caucasians was respectively 5.07 + 0.08 mM and 5.04 + 0.09 mM. Two-hour post-prandial values were 5.63 + 0.22 mM and 5.48 + 0.19 mM respectively, whereas post-stress values were 6.15 + 0.19 mM for Pima Indians and 5.22 + 0.20 mM for Caucasians. Both serum glucose means following stress (t = 3.1, P < 0.005) and the direction of change in serum glucose in response to mental arithmetic (chi 2 = 8.2, P < 0.01) clearly differentiated Pimas from Caucasians.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esposito-Del Puente
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lillioja
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bogardus
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCubbin
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Feinglos
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Surwit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012307:Risk Factors; D012984:Software; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon; D006854:Hydrocortisone