title: Improvement of subendocardial myocardial perfusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A myocardial contrast echocardiography study with correlation between myocardial contrast reserve and Doppler coronary reserve.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After angioplasty coronary reserve improves but does not normalize in most patients. The purpose of this study was to examine before and after angioplasty coronary reserve and transmural myocardial blood flow distribution using myocardial contrast echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients with left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis were investigated before and immediately after angioplasty. A Doppler catheter was placed in the proximal segment. Myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed by imaging the septum in M mode in a parasternal view using a 3.0-mL bolus of sonicated amidotrizoate sodium meglumine through the guiding catheter. The gray level before injection was subtracted from the gray level after injection to maximize contrast time-intensity curves. The area under the curve was used as an indicator of myocardial blood flow, and subendocardial/subepicardial ratios were measured. After baseline measurements were obtained, Doppler and echographic data were recorded after a bolus infusion of papaverine into the left main coronary artery. The same protocol was performed in patients after angioplasty and in five control subjects with normal coronary arteries. Before angioplasty, echocardiographic and Doppler coronary reserve were 2.57 +/- 0.48 and 2.54 +/- 0.57, respectively. Both increased after angioplasty to 3.65 +/- 0.57 and 3.36 +/- 0.70, respectively (P < .05). Coronary reserve values obtained in patients with these two methods under the different conditions and in control subjects were correlated (r = .81; P = .0001). Before angioplasty, subendocardial/subepicardial septal ratios decreased from 0.80 +/- 0.48 to 0.60 +/- 0.27 after papaverine (P < .05). However, after angioplasty, these ratios tended to increase, from 0.72 +/- 0.27 to 0.92 +/- 0.45 after papaverine, but they did not change in control subjects (1.11 +/- 0.23 to 0.92 +/- 0.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that myocardial contrast echocardiography yields flow reserve values that correlate with values obtained using intracoronary Doppler. This technique may be considered as an accurate tool to assess coronary reserve in humans.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche U.400 de l'Institut, National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perchet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dupouy
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Duval-Moulin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hittinger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pelle
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castaigne
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geschwind
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dubois-Randé
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine; D004452:Echocardiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010208:Papaverine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine; D010208:Papaverine