title: Differential inhibitory effects of interleukin-10, interleukin-4, and dexamethasone on staphylococcal enterotoxin-induced cytokine production and T cell activation.
abstract: The cytokine profile of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A and B was examined. Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-2, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was observed. In contrast, Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were absent from SEA- or SEB-stimulated PBMC. Moreover, adding IL-10 to SE-stimulated PBMC inhibited the production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF alpha, and IFN gamma by 50 to 80% but had less effect (8-30%) on T cell proliferation. IL-4 was less effective than IL-10 in inhibiting cytokine production and enhanced T cell proliferation by SEA or SEB. The anti-inflammatory agent, dexamethasone, was the most potent agent in controlling the SE-mediated effects as evidenced by inhibited T cell proliferation (55%) and reduced levels of IL-1, IL-6, and IFN gamma (60% to 100%) and TNF alpha (50%). Reducing levels of toxic mediators such as TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, and IFN gamma by dexamethasone in SE-induced T cell responses may be a useful therapeutic strategy to circumvent SE toxicity and pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Applied Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krakauer
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D003907:Dexamethasone