title: Effect of an ATP sensitive potassium channel opener, levcromakalim, on coronary arterial microvessels in the beating canine heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to clarify the site in the coronary microcirculation that is dilated by an ATP sensitive potassium channel opener, levcromakalim, and to examine whether the magnitude of dilatation is size dependent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronary arterial microvessels were observed through an intravital microscope equipped with a floating objective in beating canine left ventricles in situ. Flow velocity of the left anterior descending coronary artery was measured with a suction-type Doppler probe. Heart rate and aortic pressure were maintained at control levels throughout the experiments. Three doses of levcromakalim (0.01-1.0 microgram.kg-1.min-1) or a single dose (1.0 microgram.kg-1.min-1) were infused into the coronary artery in groups, with or without intracoronary glibenclamide pretreatment (200 or 400 micrograms.kg-1). The effect of levcromakalim on different sized vessels was assessed by dividing them into three groups according to control diameter (small, internal diameter < 100 microns; medium, > or = 100, < 200 microns; large, > or = 200 microns).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest dose of levcromakalim dilated only the small vessels. The two higher doses dilated vessels of all sizes, but the magnitude of dilatation was greater in the small vessel group than in the other two groups. Coronary resistance significantly decreased dose dependently during the infusion of 0.1 and 1.0 microgram.kg-1.min-1 of levcromakalim. Pretreatment with glibenclamide markedly attenuated the levcromakalim induced dilatation of all vessel groups and the reduction in coronary vascular resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levcromakalim heterogeneously dilates coronary arterial microvessels via the opening of ATP sensitive potassium channels, and small vessels are more sensitive to levcromakalim.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanatsuka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komaru
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002196:Capillaries / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D019806:Cromakalim; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011758:Pyrroles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019806:Cromakalim; D009599:Nitroprusside; D005905:Glyburide