title: Associated atrial septal defects increase perioperative morbidity after ventricular septal defect repair in infancy.
abstract: Although closure of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) is currently associated with a relatively low risk, infants with associated atrial septal defects (ASDs) seem to have a higher perioperative morbidity. To clarify this impression, we reviewed our entire experience (since 1977) with closure of simple VSDs in 163 infants (age, < or = 12 months). Of these, 57 had significant ASDs (ASD-VSD subgroup). Hospital mortality was 3.7% (6/163) overall and 1.4% (2/145) since 1980. Actuarial survival at 10 years was 92% +/- 5%. Significant morbidity occurred in 15.5% (16/103) of the VSD subgroup versus 48.1% (26/54) of the ASD-VSD subgroup (p < or = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified the presence of multiple VSDs and early date of operation as risk factors for hospital death, and younger age, an associated ASD, the size of the VSD, and use of hypothermic circulatory arrest as risk factors for significant perioperative morbidity. Compared with the VSD subgroup, the ASD-VSD subgroup had a higher hospital mortality (5.3% [3/57] versus 2.8% [3/106]), were younger (5.1 +/- 2.9 versus 7.2 +/- 2.9 months; p = 0.001), had a higher preoperative pulmonary artery pressure (70.2 +/- 19.0 versus 62.7 +/- 21.8 mm Hg; p = 0.08), needed more inotropic support (12.3% versus 3.7%; p = 0.07), needed more prolonged ventilation (3.3 versus 1.8 days; p = 0.02), and had longer postoperative hospital stays (11 versus 8 days; p = 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Knott-Craig
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Elkins
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hartnett
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Overholt
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Razook
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate