title: Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between adult weight change and the risk for clinical diabetes mellitus among middle-aged women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study with follow-up from 1976 to 1990.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 U.S. states.
  
  
  METHODS
  114,281 female registered nurses aged 30 to 55 years who did not have diagnosed diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, or cancer in 1976.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2204 cases of diabetes were diagnosed during 1.49 million person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, body mass index was the dominant predictor of risk for diabetes mellitus. Risk increased with greater body mass index, and even women with average weight (body mass index, 24.0 kg/m2) had an elevated risk. Compared with women with stable weight (those who gained or lost less than 5 kg between age 18 years and 1976) and after adjustment for age and body mass index at age 18 years, the relative risk for diabetes mellitus among women who had a weight gain of 5.0 to 7.9 kg was 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.3). The corresponding relative risk for women who gained 8.0 to 10.9 kg was 2.7 (CI, 2.1 to 3.3). In contrast, women who lost more than 5.0 kg reduced their risk for diabetes mellitus by 50% or more. These results were independent of family history of diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The excess risk for diabetes with even modest and typical adult weight gain is substantial. These findings support the importance of maintaining a constant body weight throughout adult life and suggest that the 1990 U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines that allow a substantial weight gain after 35 years of age are misleading.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotnitzky
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D016885:United States Department of Agriculture; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*