title: Increased expression of ICAM-1 during reoxygenation in brain endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thrombolysis is a promising therapy for acute ischemic stroke. However, there is evidence that neutrophils may physically plug cerebral microvessels on reperfusion, preventing the full benefit of thrombolysis. We undertook this study to determine whether there was increased endothelial expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene during hypoxia-reoxygenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We isolated and cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells and subjected them to hypoxia (PO2 < 10 mm Hg) in an anaerobic chamber followed by variable periods of reoxygenation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-hour periods of hypoxia did not lead to endothelial cytotoxicity as measured by a chromium-release assay. By Northern blot analysis, ICAM-1 mRNA transcripts were dramatically increased at 4 hours of reoxygenation but fell toward baseline (normoxia) by 12 and 24 hours. Hypoxia alone did not lead to an increase in mRNA levels. Western blot analysis showed an increased expression of ICAM-1 at 4, 12, and 24 hours of reoxygenation. The 4-hour increase in mRNA levels was not attenuated by pretreatment with 100 mumol/L allopurinol but was reduced by 30% with the addition of 20 mmol/L N-acetyl-L-cysteine at the time of reoxygenation and completely prevented by pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoxia-reoxygenation leads to an increase in ICAM mRNA levels that peaks at 4 hours in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine can completely block the increase in ICAM-1 mRNA levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Ga.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McEachin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buchanan
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D010100:Oxygen