title: The effects of unilateral stellate ganglion blockade on human cardiac function during rest and exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left-sided stellate ganglion predominance has been proposed as a mechanism responsible for lethal ventricular arrhythmias, due to heterogenous ventricular repolarization. To determine the cardiovascular effects of such asymmetric sympathetic ganglion innervation in man, studies were performed in 15 patients undergoing unilateral stellate ganglion blockade for the management of chronic arm pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Standard 12-lead ECGs, systemic blood pressure, body surface potential mapping, and radionuclide angiography were performed during rest and graded exercise before and after blockade. Successful unilateral blockade was accomplished in 13 of the patients, 11 of whom had right-sided blockade and two left-sided blockade. No significant changes due to blockade of stellate ganglia, including QT intervals, were detected during rest or graded exercise in standard ECGs. No cardiac rhythm disturbances occurred in these states. Body surface potential maps and arterial blood pressure were similar during resting supine and upright positions, as well as immediately after exercise before and after blockade. Unilateral ganglionic blockade did not modify resting or exercise cardiac ejection fractions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral stellate blockade in man does not induce untoward cardiovascular effects during rest or exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimber
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Horacek
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Armour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005730:Ganglionic Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D013233:Stellate Ganglion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005730:Ganglionic Blockers; D002045:Bupivacaine