title: Immunohistochemical demonstration of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in gastric adenocarcinoma: comparison of cryostat and paraffin wax sections and effect of fixation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of fixation on the immunohistochemical demonstration of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein using paraffin wax and cryostat sections; to compare c-erbB-2 expression in non-neoplastic and neoplastic gastric tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjacent blocks of tumour and non-neoplastic tissue from four gastrectomy specimens were put into a panel of 10 fixatives including acetone, B5, Bouin's fluid, Carnoy's fluid, buffered formalin, formol dichromate, zinc formalin, 4% paraformaldehyde, periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) and periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde-dichromate (PLPD) before embedding in paraffin wax for sectioning. Similar tissue blocks were snap frozen and cryostat sections were postfixed in these fixatives, either alone or in combination, before immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In paraffin wax embedded sections the best fixative was PLP, and in frozen tissues the best results were obtained after fixation of cryostat sections in buffered formalin followed by cold methanol and acetone. Applying these fixatives to samples from a further 16 gastrectomy specimens, strong membrane staining of c-erbB-2 protein was found in the tumour in eight of 16 cases (50%) using paraffin wax sections, and staining was stronger in the better differentiated carcinomas. For frozen tissues, positive membrane staining was found in all gastric adenocarcinomas, but differential staining intensity associated with tumour differentiation could not be detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that fixation and paraffin wax embedding affect the results of immunohistochemical demonstration of c-erbB-2 in gastric cancer. The choice of fixative is critical in the demonstration and evaluation of c-erbB-2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in gastric carcinomas. Staining results also vary depending on whether frozen or paraffin wax embedded tissues are studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Loke
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D015925:Cryopreservation; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis*; D005404:Fixatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D066246:ErbB Receptors; D005404:Fixatives; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases