title: A longitudinal study of the neuropsychiatric consequences of HIV-1 infection in gay men. II. Psychological and health status at baseline and at 12-month follow-up.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether HIV infection is associated with increased psychosocial distress in the asymptomatic and early symptomatic stages of disease and to determine the factors associated with reporting health symptoms. Subjects included 61 gay men (41 HIV--, 20 HIV+) who were assessed at the time of requesting their first HIV test and again 12 months later. Measures included a detailed standardized psychiatric interview (Present State Examination, PSE), a range of psychosocial self-report measures and a physical symptom checklist. There were no differences between the HIV+ and HIV-- groups in terms of self-reported symptoms. Multiple regression analysis showed that the symptom reporting was not associated with clinical or immunological markers of disease progression but was associated with measures of psychosocial distress. Although both groups showed elevated levels of psychosocial distress at the time of HIV testing, there were no differences between serostatus groups at follow-up. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the best predictors of PSE scores at follow-up were baseline PSE score and a history of psychiatric illness. Early HIV disease is not associated with increased psychosocial distress and symptom reporting is more closely related to psychological measures than to clinical or immunological markers of disease.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jadresic
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baldeweg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Catalan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lovett
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gruzelier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015497:HIV-1; D006304:Health Status; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012803:Sick Role; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology