title: Long-term changes in psychological symptomatology associated with HIV serostatus among male injecting drug users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine long-term changes in psychological symptomatology from 6 to 24 months after notification of HIV serostatus among male injecting drug users (IDU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report and interview data were collected at 6-month intervals as part of a longitudinal study monitoring HIV infection and risk-associated behaviors among IDU.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community-based methadone-maintenance clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven male IDU (81 HIV-seronegative, 16 HIV-seropositive), including both methadone-maintained and out-of-treatment IDU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses of long-term changes in psychological symptomatology associated with HIV serostatus among male IDU.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses of long-term changes in psychological symptomatology between groups revealed no significantly greater levels of overall psychological distress or significant elevations on subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90 for HIV-seropositive compared with HIV-seronegative male IDU. Also, no significantly higher scores on the Beck Depression Inventory or the psychiatric composite score of the Addiction Severity Index were observed between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that HIV-seropositive male IDU do not express greater levels of psychological symptomatology from 6 to 24 months following notification of seropositivity compared with HIV-seronegative male IDU. Several explanations for these findings are considered. Future work should examine why male IDU do not report significant and long-term elevations in symptoms post-notification of HIV seropositivity. Also, studies of changes in psychological symptomatology as a function of HIV serostatus among female IDU need to be conducted to assess implications for treatment interventions among this underserved population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: McLellan
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Mulvaney
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Navaline
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Woody
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000276:immunology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies