title: Transcriptional activation by hypersensitive site three of the human beta-globin locus control region in murine erythroleukemia cells.
abstract: In this paper we describe a complete deletional analysis of hypersensitive site three (HS3) of the human beta-globin Locus Control Region (LCR). The previously defined core fragment consists of 6 footprinted regions, with multiple binding sites for the erythroid-specific factor GATA-1 and G-rich motifs that can interact with ubiquitous factors such as Sp1 and TEF-2. We show in this paper that the 5' half of this fragment is the most important for activity in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. A fragment containing footprints 1-4 can stimulate transcription of a linked human beta-globin gene to levels of about 40% of that obtained with footprints 1-6. Constructs containing either footprints 1-3 or 3-6 cannot be distinguished from the beta-globin gene alone. We further show that binding sites for the erythroid-specific factor NF-E2 can co-operatively interact with parts of the HS3 core fragment, and that HS3 requires elements upstream from -103 in the human beta-globin promoter for full activity. The importance of these results is discussed in the context of the regulation of the genes in the human beta-globin cluster.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pruzina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grosveld
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Philipsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D004915:Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050983:NF-E2 Transcription Factor; D050984:NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; C494688:GATA1 protein, human; C494689:Gata1 protein, mouse; D050983:NF-E2 Transcription Factor; D050984:NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit; C494692:NFE2 protein, human; C494693:Nfe2 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005914:Globins