title: Altitude and socio-biological determinants of pregnancy-associated hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of gestation-associated hypertension and to determine the effect of altitude and related socio-biological factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stratified random sample of 3988 pregnant women living at high altitude and 2744 at sea level in the Asir region, Saudi Arabia was interviewed for socio-biological conditions and examined for blood pressure, proteinuria and body mass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An overall prevalence of 2.4% was found. Certain groups of pregnant women are at high risk of developing hypertension. They include women who are over 40 years, high multipara, having short inter-pregnancy spacing, are overweight, are illiterate and those living at high altitude. Multivariate analysis showed that high altitude is a strong risk factor (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.879; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.123-2.819) and cannot be masked when other variables are controlled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Special health education and more frequent screening programs at primary health care level should be given to pregnant women living at high altitude.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Abha College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mahfouz
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: el-Said
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Alakija
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: al-Erian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology