title: The immediate surgical management of fresh obstetric fistulas with catheter and/or early closure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine prospectively if the immediate surgical management of obstetric fistulas within the first 3 months by catheter and/or early closure is effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 10-month period (August 1992 through May 1993), a total of 170 patients with an obstetric fistula of less than 3 months' duration were treated. A catheter was inserted if the fistula was necrotic, and as soon as the fistula edge was clean an early closure was performed unless the fistula had healed already.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fistula was closed in 156 (91.8%) of the 170 consecutive patients: with continence in 146 (93.6%), minimal/mild incontinence in 7 (4.5%) and severe incontinence in 3 (1.9%) of the closed fistulas. In 14 patients (8.2%) the fistula was not closed at first intention; however, 12 were closed at the second attempt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immediate surgical management proved highly effective in terms of closure and continence.
authors.affiliation: Laure Fistula Center, Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waaldijk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control; D014719:Vesicovaginal Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy