title: Deficit symptoms in schizophrenia: negative symptoms versus neuroleptic-induced deficits.
abstract: Definitions of negative symptoms and deficit syndromes are reviewed in this article; rating scale criteria (the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale); Crow's type II syndrome; Carpenter's deficit syndrome; and the draft of DSM-IV. The core negative symptoms identified by these investigators also describe the neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome (NIDS). Study designs and assessment methods to distinguish NIDS from the symptoms of schizophrenia are presented. Assessment methods include rating scales and a novel method that uses descriptive symptom vignettes. Designs include neuroleptic discontinuation studies, dose comparisons and comparison of atypical antipsychotic medicines to typical neuroleptic drugs.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pennsylvania 15213.
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Schooler
mesh_terms: D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents