title: The periodontal problems and management of the renal transplant patient.
abstract: This review considers the periodontal problems of renal transplant patients with particular reference to their drug therapy and the pretransplant uremia. It would appear that either disease- or drug-induced immunosuppression affords the renal transplant patient a degree of "protection" against periodontal breakdown. However, of more significance to the periodontologist is the problem of drug-induced gingival overgrowth with reference to both cyclosporin and nifedipine. Approximately 30% of dentate renal transplant patients medicated with cyclosporin alone experience significant gingival overgrowth which requires surgical excision. This figure increases to 40% when patients are medicated with both drugs. The pathogenesis of this unwanted effect is uncertain and the relationship between the expression of gingival overgrowth and various periodontal or pharmacokinetic variables remains a contentious issue. Clinical measures to prevent the occurrence of either cyclosporin- or nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth are unsatisfactory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thomason
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005886:Gingival Hypertrophy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D016572:Cyclosporine