title: Extracellular and intracellular magnesium depletion in pregnancy and gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to investigate a possible ionic basis linking pregnancy and gestational diabetes with the vascular disorders associated with them.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnesium- and calcium-specific ion electrodes to measure erythrocyte intracellular free magnesium, plasma ionized magnesium, and ionized calcium in fasting nonpregnant (n = 26), normal pregnant (n = 20), and diet-controlled (class A1) gestational diabetic women (n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with nonpregnant controls (total magnesium 0.91 +/- 0.07 mmol/L, ionized magnesium 0.51 +/- 0.03 mmol/L), total and ionized magnesium were significantly lower in both normal pregnant (total magnesium 0.72 +/- 0.07 mmol/L, ionized magnesium 0.46 +/- 0.02 mmol/L, significance < 0.0001) and gestational diabetic (total magnesium 0.74 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, ionized magnesium 0.46 +/- 0.02 mmol/L, significance < 0.0001) subjects. Gestational diabetic women had significantly lower intracellular free magnesium values compared with nonpregnant and normal pregnant individuals (140 +/- 20 mumol/L vs 169 +/- 27 mumol/L, significance = 0.007). Ionized calcium values were similar in all groups, resulting in significant elevation (significance < 0.0001) of ionized calcium/ionized magnesium ratios in both pregnant groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the presence of magnesium depletion in pregnancy itself and to a greater extent in gestational diabetes. We suggest that magnesium depletion, or relative calcium excess, may predispose to vascular complications of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bardicef
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bardicef
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sorokin
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Altura
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Altura
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Resnick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium