title: Freehand technique to harvest partial-thickness skin to repair superficial facial defects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The freehand-scalpel technique to harvest skin for grafting is a forgotten surgical art. Modern facial surgeons prefer to use local skin flaps or Wolfe-type full grafts to repair facial defects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative merits and cosmetic results of freehand skin grafts to cover facial defects following Mohs surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the freehand-scalpel technique to harvest skin from the periauricular region of the neck and cheek, and other sites. After a local anesthetic is injected the number 15 or 10 blade is used to harvest skin by sequential tangential incisions. The average dermal thickness was about 1.0 mm. To improve cosmetic appearance, the overall shape and thickness of the graft was contoured during harvesting to fit cosmetic unit or facial line.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For more than 5 years we have used the freehand technique to repair superficial facial defects of the nose, ear, scalp, temple, forehead, and other nonhead sites. A total of 65 freehand procedures were performed to repair facial defects. The distribution of the anatomic sites and sizes are presented. The size ranged from less than 1 cm to greater than 5 cm in diameter. Three typical cases are presented to illustrate the gratifying results that can be obtained with this technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In selected sites and patients, the freehand graft is a rapid and convenient method of harvesting skin. When harvested from the preauricular cheek and subauricular neck, the graft is a good match to cover sun-exposed defects of the nose and ear. The major advantages of the freehand technique are that: 1) it expands the number of potential donor sites from which to select the most compatible skin to cover facial defects; 2) it allows the surgeon to efficiently configure the graft to the desired shape and depth to conform to the cosmetic unit or defect that is being reconstructed; 3) it does not require a dermatome or other specialized instrument to perform; and 4) it achieves wound repair with good appearance and function. The freehand partial-thickness skin graft has become our preferred method of grafting superficial facial defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stiff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsoi
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Mohs
mesh_terms: D004423:Ear / Q000601:surgery; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D012535:Scalp / Q000601:surgery; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*