title: Laparoscopy for the nonpalpable testis.
abstract: Between 1988 and 1992, 287 infants and children have been evaluated for an undescended testis. In 35, the testis was not palpable. These 35 patients ranged in age between 10 months and 14 years, with a mean of 44 months and a median of 15 months. Thirteen patients had a nonpalpable right testis, 18 had a nonpalpable left testis, and four had bilateral nonpalpable testes. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in these 35 boys with a nonpalpable testis to allow a planned approach to management of this condition. In 11 children, a testis was visualized. The testis was in an inguinal hernia sac in seven, and single stage conventional orchiopexy was performed. In four children an intra-abdominal testis was seen, and three infants underwent laparoscopic clip ligation of the testicular vessels. One teenager underwent orchiectomy. In 21 of the remaining 24 boys, small, attenuated testicular vessels were noted to pass into the inguinal canal and inguinal exploration was required. A small testicular remnant was excised in 15 patients, but orchiopexy was possible in six boys. Diagnostic laparoscopy takes 7 to 10 minutes and enables the surgeon to develop a planned approach to this condition. With the information gathered at laparoscopy, the surgeon is best able to decide if an inguinal exploration is necessary or if a single-stage orchiopexy is possible. If a two-stage orchiopexy is required for an intra-abdominal testis, then clip ligation of the testicular vessels can be performed laparoscopically as the first stage, followed by Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy 6 to 9 months later.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Holcomb
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Neblett
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pietsch
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male