title: Oligosaccharide-specific induction of interleukin 10 production by B220+ cells from schistosome-infected mice: a mechanism for regulation of CD4+ T-cell subsets.
abstract: Defining the factors and/or mechanisms that lead to the predominance of a particular CD4+ T-cell subset (Th-1 vs. Th-2) is an area of intense investigation. In murine schistosomiasis, Th-2-type T cells become predominant after deposition of eggs. The most immunoreactive egg components are glycoproteins. Previously we identified two interesting oligosaccharides found on schistosome eggs and schistosomula. One, lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFP-III) contains the interesting trisaccharide Lewisx, which is a weak ligand for P-selectin and is a sugar also found on the alpha and beta chains of the integrin lymphocyte function-associated molecule 1, a ligand for intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Because of the correlation between schistosome egg glycoproteins and Th-2 dominance, the present study examined whether LNFP-III and structurally related oligosaccharides were lymphostimulatory and/or able to induce factors known to down-regulate Th-1 cells. We found that LNFP-III and related sugars did induce proliferation of splenic non-T cells, B220+,CD4-,CD8- cells (B cells) of schistosome-infected and naive mice. In contrast to proliferation, LNFP-III was the only oligosaccharide that induced spleen cells to produce large amounts of interleukin 10 and prostaglandin E2, two molecules known to down-regulate Th-1 cells. Further, only spleen cells from infected mice produced cytokines after oligosaccharide stimulation. Interestingly, LNFP-III stimulation did not induce production of interleukin 4. Thus, a specific carbohydrate ligand has been identified that stimulates B cells to proliferate and produce factors that down-regulate Th-1 T cells. Further, we suggest that identical or structurally related ligands may contribute to the known Th-1 down-regulation in other parasitic diseases and in chronic blood-vascular diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus infection and a number of metastatic carcinomas and that this effect may, therefore, be a general phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Velupillai
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Harn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D015232:Dinoprostone