title: Brief group cognitive-behavioral intervention for temporomandibular disorders.
abstract: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are currently viewed as an interrelated set of clinical conditions presenting with signs and symptoms in masticatory and related muscles of the head and neck, and the soft tissue and bony components of the temporomandibular joint. Epidemiologic and clinical studies of TMD confirm its status as a chronic pain problem. In this report we present results from a randomized clinical trial which compared, at 3- and 12-month follow-ups, the effects of usual TMD treatment on TMD pain and related physical and psychological variables with the effects of a cognitive-behavioral (CB) intervention delivered to small groups of patients before usual TMD treatment began. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a minimal CB intervention followed by dental TMD treatment enhanced the effects of usual clinical dental treatment. A second purpose of the study was to determine whether patients classified as high in somatization and psychosocial dysfunction would respond less favorably to this minimal intervention than would those low in somatization and dysfunction. Patients who participated in the CB intervention followed by usual treatment showed greater long-term decreases in reported pain level and pain interference in daily activities than did patients who received only usual treatment. The benefits of CB intervention were not seen when the CB and UT groups were compared at 3-month follow-up. During the 3-12-month follow-up interval, however, the UT group maintained essentially the same level of improvement in characteristic pain while the CB group continued to improve, as hypothesized. During this same follow-up interval, the CB group also showed a strong trend toward continued improvement in pain interference. Such effects were not observed for depression, somatization, or clinical measures of jaw range of motion. Additionally, as hypothesized, dysfunctional chronic pain patients did not appear to benefit from the brief CB intervention. Intent to treat analyses were also performed to assess generalizability of the results.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Oral Medicine (SC-63), School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Departments of Dental Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
authors.forename: Samuel F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Dworkin
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Massoth
authors.forename: Coralyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: Kimberly H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huggins
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Earl
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sommers
authors.forename: Edmond
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Truelove
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*