Vehicle crashworthiness ratings in Australia.
The paper reviews the published vehicle safety ratings based on mass crash data from the United States, Sweden, and Great Britain. It then describes the development of vehicle crashworthiness ratings based on injury compensation claims and police accident reports from Victoria and New South Wales, the two most populous states in Australia. Crashworthiness was measured by a combination of injury severity (of injured drivers) and injury risk (of drivers involved in crashes). Injury severity was based on 22,600 drivers injured in crashes in the two states. Injury risk was based on 70,900 drivers in New South Wales involved in crashes after which a vehicle was towed away. Injury risk measured in this way was compared with the "relative injury risk" of particular model cars involved in two car crashes in Victoria (where essentially only casualty crashes are reported), which was based on the method developed by Folksam Insurance in Sweden from Evans' double-pair comparison method. The results include crashworthiness ratings for the makes and models crashing in Australia in sufficient numbers to measure their crash performance adequately. The ratings were normalised for the driver sex and speed limit at the crash location, the two factors found to be strongly related to injury risk and/or severity and to vary substantially across makes and models of Australian crash-involved cars. This allows differences in crashworthiness of individual models to be seen, uncontaminated by major crash exposure differences.
Cameron
M
M
Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Mach
T
T
Neiger
D
D
Graham
A
A
Ramsay
R
R
Pappas
M
M
Haley
J
J
D000054:Acceleration; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001336:Automobiles / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015984:Causality; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D014739:Victoria; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*