title: Viral respiratory infection increases alveolar macrophage cytoplasmic motility in rats: role of NO.
abstract: Ingested ferrimagnetic (Fe3O4) particles were used to estimate noninvasively the motion of organelles in alveolar macrophages (AM) in intact rats during viral respiratory infection by parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) virus. Four days after instillation of Fe3O4 particles (3 mg/kg) into the lung, remnant field strength (RFS) was measured at the body surface immediately after magnetization of Fe3O4 particles by an externally applied magnetic field. RFS decreases with time, due to particle rotation (relaxation) which is related to cytoplasmic motility of AM. Viral infection increased the relaxation rate (lambda o per min), and increases in lambda o reached a maximum 3 days after nasal inoculation (day 3). Viral infection (day 3)-induced increases in lambda o were dose dependently inhibited by either the L-arginine analogue N-nitro-L-arginine or by methylene blue, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase activity. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from infected rats contained significantly higher levels of nitrite than that from control rats (P < 0.01). In in vitro experiments, AM from infected rats showed significantly higher lambda o, nitrite production, and intracellular guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels than those from control rats (P < 0.01). Sodium nitroprusside, known to release nitric oxide concentration dependently, increased lambda o of AM from noninfected rats in vitro. These results suggest that nitric oxide plays an important role in AM cytoplasmic motility during viral respiratory infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekizawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okinaga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008280:Magnetics; D008863:Microspheres; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006152:Cyclic GMP