title: Tissue distribution of antibiotics in the intervertebral disc.
abstract: METHODS
  This study analyzed the distribution of antibiotics within the intervertebral disc of rabbits. Specimens were tested with specific antibodies against antibiotics using an immunofluorescent technique.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The results were correlated to provide a rationale for perioperative prophylaxis of infection.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several groups of investigators and the recent data from our laboratory showed quantitative changes in penetration of antibiotics into intervertebral disc. No previous study has assessed antibiotic distribution in anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Discs were obtained from rabbits after intravenous injection of penicillin or gentamicin. Antibiotics were localized in tissue sections using specific antibodies with a immunofluorescent method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Penicillin (negatively charged) and gentamicin (positively charged) penetrated the neutrally charged anulus fibrosus, but penicillin had less ability than gentamicin to penetrate into the negatively charged nucleus pulposus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that penetration and distribution of antibiotics into avascular intervertebral disc is significantly influenced by the charge of antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banovac
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Eismont
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000378:metabolism*; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000187:drug effects; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011817:Rabbits; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D010400:Penicillin G