title: Polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of human milk in France: changes during the course of lactation and regional differences.
abstract: Milk samples were collected 2-5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum from 41 individual mothers recruited in three French cities in order to obtain a general view of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition in France. Considering the overall results, linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) represented between 11.6% and 13% of total fatty acids in human milk. In contrast alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) accounted only for about 0.6%, and hence the 18:2 n-6 to 18:3 n-3 ratio was close to 20. Amounts of n-6 and n-3 long-chain PUFAs (LCPs) regularly decreased from postpartum days 2-5 (3.09%) to day 30 (1.67%), and then remained unchanged up to postpartum day 90; the n-6/n-3 LCP ratio ranged between 2.5 and 2. According to regional areas, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) only for colostrum contents of 18:3 n-3 and LCPs, the LCP ratio remaining unchanged. These data are discussed with regard to recent data on human milk fatty acid composition from Western countries and to the mechanisms involved in milk LCP balance.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Nutrition et Sécurité Alimentaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guesnet
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Antoine
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rochette de Lempdes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galent
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Durand
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014015:Tissue Banks; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid