title: [Anti-ischemia effects of gallopamil and esmolol in an intra-individual comparison in patients with coronary heart disease].
abstract: To compare the hemodynamic, antiischemic, metabolic, and neurohumoral effects of intravenous esmolol (beta 1 blocking agent) and gallopamil (verapamil-like calcium channel blocker), 14 patients with angiographically proven CAD and reproducible ST segment depression were studied at rest and during exercise under control conditions and after an intravenous bolus injection of esmolol (0.5 mg/kg/1 min, followed by an infusion with 0.2 mg/kg/min) or gallopamil (0.025 mg/kg/3 min). In contrast to gallopamil, esmolol significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (175.7 vs. 160 mm Hg) and heart rate (107.4 vs. 96.9 min-1) during exercise as well as cardiac output (11.57 vs. 9.38 l/min) and significantly enhanced systemic vascular resistance both at rest (1241 vs. 1479 dynes.s.cm-5) and during exercise (805 vs. 947 dynes.s.cm-5). On the other hand, exercise filling pressures and lactate levels (3.66 vs. 3.05 mmol/l) were significantly reduced by gallopamil only. Thus, the significant improvement of exercise tolerance by both esmolol and gallopamil is based on different mechanisms of action: esmolol improves myocardial ischemia by appreciably reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, whereas gallopamil primarily improves oxygen supply and ventricular performance. Plasma catecholamines, atrial natriuretic factor, and aldosterone levels as well as plasma renin activity were identically influenced by esmolol and gallopamil, respectively. A reflex activation of the sympathetic system did not occur.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Klinische Pharmakologie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mitrovic
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oehm
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minge
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thürmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlepper
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000187:drug effects; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005711:Gallopamil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D007773:Lactates; D011412:Propanolamines; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005711:Gallopamil; D000450:Aldosterone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012083:Renin; C036604:esmolol; D009638:Norepinephrine
vernacular_title: Antiischämische Auswirkungen von Gallopamil und Esmolol im intraindividuellen Vergleich bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit.