title: A method for the assessment of blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) attraction to and engorgement on sheep in South Africa.
abstract: A suspended-net technique was used to capture blackflies attracted to and engorging on Dorper and Merino sheep on irrigated pastures. Two bait animals of each breed were restrained individually in wire-mesh enclosures located within four larger pens, each containing nine more animals of the same breed. Nets were suspended partly over the restrained animals and blackflies were collected at the end of 2-hour or longer periods. Mean numbers of blackflies captured in association with Merino (73.3/h) and Dorper sheep (89.1/h) did not differ significantly. Numbers of captured blackflies correlated (rho = 0.8361) with levels of irritation shown by sheep. Engorgement on Merinos was significantly (p = 0.009) higher than on Dorpers. Percentage engorgement was low, mostly below 10% on Merinos and below 5% on Dorpers. When high wind speeds and high saturation deficits (associated with temperatures in the mid-thirties) occurred, the success of capture was impaired. The technique is useful for quantifying the abundance of irritating blackflies in the immediate proximity of smallstock under experimental conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Oberem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings; D008722:Methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D012756:Sheep; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000502:physiology*