title: Role of nutrient fat and cholecystokinin in regulation of gallbladder emptying in man.
abstract: Postprandial gallbladder contraction is mainly regulated by cholecystokinin (CCK), but little is known about the dose-response relationship between CCK release and gallbladder contraction, in particular after meals with differing fat content. Decreased postprandial gallbladder emptying has been suggested to play a major role in the development of gallstones in man, and dietary factors may therefore be important in the pathogenesis of gallbladder stasis. We studied, in a randomized order, the effect of three isocaloric meals (250 ml) with identical osmolality on CCK release and gallbladder contraction in six healthy volunteers: (1) a pure fat meal (25 g triglycerides); (2) a mixed meal containing fat (8 g, 29% of caloric content), protein (10 g, 17%), and dextrose (32 g, 54%); and (3) a fat-free meal containing albumin (25 g, 46%) and dextrose (32 g, 54%). Gallbladder volumes and antral cross-sectional areas were determined by ultrasonography and plasma CCK and PP levels by RIA. The pure fat meal caused the highest CCK release (187 +/- 27; mean +/- SEM) and maximal (> 85% of fasting volume) gallbladder contraction (3172 +/- 361; AUC) as compared to the other two meals (P < 0.05). The mixed and the fat-free meal caused similarly low (< 50% of fasting volume) gallbladder contraction (6052 +/- 342 and 6134 +/- 500, respectively), although they induced markedly different CCK levels (157 +/- 12 and 87 +/- 13, respectively; P < 0.05). Gastric emptying rates were similar for all meals (18,500 +/- 3300, 18,600 +/- 2700 and 19,800 +/- 3100, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Policlinique Médicale Universitaire PMU/CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Froehlich
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gonvers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fried
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide; D002766:Cholecystokinin