title: Nuclear factor I and mammary gland factor (STAT5) play a critical role in regulating rat whey acidic protein gene expression in transgenic mice.
abstract: The rat whey acidic protein (WAP) gene contains a mammary gland-specific and hormonally regulated DNase I-hypersensitive site 830 to 720 bp 5' to the site of transcription initiation. We have reported previously that nuclear factor I (NFI) binding at a palindromic site and binding at a half-site are the major DNA-protein interactions detected within this tissue-specific nuclease-hypersensitive region. We now show that point mutations introduced into these NFI-binding sites dramatically affect WAP gene expression in transgenic mice. Transgene expression was totally abrogated when the palindromic NFI site or both binding sites were mutated, suggesting that NFI is a key regulator of WAP gene expression. In addition, a recognition site for mammary gland factor (STAT5), which mediates prolactin induction of milk protein gene expression, was also identified immediately proximal to the NFI-binding sites. Mutation of this site reduced transgene expression by approximately 90% per gene copy, but did not alter tissue specificity. These results suggest that regulation of WAP gene expression is determined by the cooperative interactions among several enhancers that constitute a composite response element.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007774:Lactation / Q000235:genetics*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; C494093:Stat5a protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1; C070856:YBX1 protein, human; C024471:whey acidic proteins