title: In vivo and in vitro influence of human recombinant hemoglobin on esophageal function.
abstract: The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the influence of a nitric oxide scavenger, hemoglobin (Hb), on esophageal function. Intraluminal pressures of anesthetized opossums were recorded from lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and 1, 5, and 9 cm above the LES. The influence of a representative Hb-based oxygen carrier was examined on swallowing-induced esophageal peristalsis and LES relaxation. In in vitro studies, LES relaxation and esophageal peristaltic contractions were induced by the activation of nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) neurons by electrical field stimulation (EFS). Hb caused significant impairment in swallowing- and EFS-induced LES relaxation and a significant increase in the speed of esophageal peristalsis. In some experiments, swallowing caused simultaneous contractions in the esophagus following Hb administration. Although Hb completely blocked LES relaxation by NO and significantly attenuated that by NANC nerve stimulation, it had no significant effect on isoproterenol-induced LES relaxations. The data support the role of NO in LES relaxation and esophageal peristalsis. This esophageal model may be important in understanding the influence of NO inhibitors and scavengers in gastrointestinal motility.
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakder
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rattan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009893:Opossums; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000187:drug effects; D011312:Pressure; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007545:Isoproterenol