title: Current cannabis use and tardive dyskinesia.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between substance abuse and tardive dyskinesia (TD) in 51 chronic, neuroleptic-treated, community outpatients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia. In the presence of a clinical researcher, subjects completed a questionnaire on past and current alcohol and drug use, and provided information pertaining to variables which have, in the past, been implicated in the development of TD: smoking habits, caffeine consumption, and current neuroleptic dose. Subjects were also administered the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) in an interview format with either two or three trained raters present in the room. Consistent with previous reports, our results indicated a trend for females and older patients with a longer duration of illness to show elevated scores on the AIMS. In a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, however, cannabis use was found to correlate best with the presence of TD, out-ranking other putative factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaretsky
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rector
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Seeman
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fornazzari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002110:Caffeine