On line filtration of dialysate: structural and functional features of an asymmetric polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafilter (Diaclean).
The endotoxin transfer across dialysis membranes has been investigated using specific in vitro circuits. Backdiffusion and backfiltration have been analyzed and most dialysis membranes have shown to be permeable to LAL positive substances. Synthetic membranes however display the better capacity of retention of these products despite their higher porosity and permeability. For such reason synthetic polysulfone ultrafilters are used as pyrogen filters to obtain ultrapure dialysate. We have investigated the characteristics of a polysulfone ultrafilter named Diaclean and manufactured by Amicon Ireland. The capacity of endotoxin retention has been investigated both in filtration and backfiltration modes on new and used ultrafilters. The capacity of endotoxin adsorption was investigated as well. Used ultrafilters appeared to maintain the retention capacity and the adsorption capacity up to 4 months of use. Only slight differences were noted from the baseline values (p = n.s.). The best adsorption capacity is always displayed by the outer layer of the membrane suggesting its best utilization in back filtration mode with tangential flow. No morphological changes were observed in the used membrane analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.
Ronco
C
C
Department of Nephrology, St. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
Cappelli
G
G
Ballestri
M
M
Lusvarghi
E
E
Frisone
P
P
Milan
M
M
Dell'Aquila
R
R
Crepaldi
C
C
Dissegna
D
D
Gastaldon
F
F
D004058:Diffusion; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010539:Permeability; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
D004731:Endotoxins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; C017662:polysulfone P 1700