title: Alterations in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine after xylazine or medetomidine administration in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.
abstract: Eight dogs (body weight, 12.5 to 21.5 kg) were assigned at random to each of 3 treatment groups (IS, IX, IM) that were not given glycopyrrolate and to each of 3 groups that were given glycopyrrolate (IGS, IGX, IGM). Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane (1.95% end-tidal concentration), and ventilation was controlled (PCO2, 35 to 40 mm of Hg end-tidal concentration). Glycopyrrolate was administered IV and IM at a dosage of 11 micrograms/kg of body weight, each. Saline solution, xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, IM), or medetomidine (15 micrograms/kg, IM) was administered 10 minutes after baseline ADE determination. Redetermination of the ADE at the same infusion rate was started 10 minutes after drug administration. Arrhythmogenic dose was determined by constant infusion of epinephrine at rates of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 micrograms/kg/min. The ADE was defined as the total dose of epinephrine that induced at least 4 ectopic ventricular depolarizations within 15 seconds during a 3-minute infusion, or within 1 minute after the end of the infusion. Total dose was calculated as the product of infusion rate and time to arrhythmia. Statistical analysis of the differences between baseline and treatment ADE values was performed by use of one-way ANOVA. Mean +/- SEM baseline ADE values for groups IS, IX, and IM were 1.55 +/- 0.23, 1.61 +/- 0.28, and 1.95 +/- 0.65 micrograms/kg, respectively. Differences for groups IS, IX, and IM were -0.12 +/- 0.05, -0.31 +/- 0.40, and -0.17 +/- 0.26, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61801.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Tranquilli
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thurmon
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007530:Isoflurane; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D014991:Xylazine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000777:Anesthetics; D007093:Imidazoles; D014991:Xylazine; D007530:Isoflurane; D020926:Medetomidine; D006024:Glycopyrrolate; D004837:Epinephrine