title: Three-dimensional ultrasonography in hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.
abstract: Three-dimensional reconstruction of ultrasonographic images was used to visualize hepatobiliary and pancreatic lesions and stones, and to measure gallbladder emptying. The initial experience shows that these reconstructions may be of some help in the identification of the extension of tumors and the invasion into surrounding tissues. Stones and stone fragments in the pancreas and in the gallbladder as well as the wall of the gallbladder were visualized well. If further studies will reveal a benefit for the patient, three-dimensional ultrasonography may be added to the noninvasive methods used in the diagnosis of several hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Universität München, FRG.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sackmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pauletzki
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Zwiebel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holl
mesh_terms: D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography