Why do I stand against the movement for cardiac transplantation in Japan?
In order to clarify the reason the author stands against the movement for cardiac transplantation in Japan, certain crucial differences between death judged by the classical criteria and so-called brain death are briefly discussed, followed by the presentation of three major arguments. First, various problems associated with postoperative care of organ recipients are delineated, particularly side effects of immunosuppressive drugs and long term prognosis with reference of life expectancy as well as quality of life. Second, it is emphasized that transplantation involves prejudice and inequality, since the number of potential organ recipients far exceeds that of donors and only a small portion of transplant candidates can actually receive the organs while others have to wait in vain. Third, once organ transplantation from brain dead patients is allowed, numerous ethical and social problems would arise including an arbitrary expansion of the criteria for brain death, selection of donors and recipients by taking non-medial factors into consideration, development of organ commerce leading to the involvement of organized crime, and the birth of a trend in transplant candidates to wish for an early death of histocompatible donors. Finally, it is pointed out that we must give serious thought to the danger of "from neck down" transplantation creating a new person from two bodies (which is a brain transplant in actuality) in the future, since the difference between such a procedure and the multiorgan transplantation presently practiced in many developed countries is only quantitative and one cannot find a logical reason to ban the former while retaining the latter.
Watanabe
Y
Y
Cardiovascular Institute, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001293:Attitude to Death; D001926:Brain Death; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D038622:Internationality; D007564:Japan; D018579:Patient Selection; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D040841:Resource Allocation; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000600:supply & distribution; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement; D035761:Wedge Argument