title: Effects of clonidine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine on the carbachol stimulation of paradoxical sleep.
abstract: Acetylcholine promotes paradoxical sleep (PS), but the role of noradrenaline in this stimulation is controversial. The relationship between cholinergic and noradrenergic systems in the production of PS was investigated in the rat implanted on a continuous basis for sleep recordings. Stimulation of PS was obtained with microinjections of carbachol (1 microgram) into the pontine reticular formation. In the presence of the alpha 2-agonist clonidine (5 micrograms/kg, IP), the carbachol activation of PS was abolished. This stimulation also disappeared when the animals were pretreated with alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (150 mg/kg, IP), an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis. Thus, carbachol stimulation appeared inefficient when brain noradrenergic activation was decreased. This observation supports the view that the realization of PS by the cholinergic system requires a certain level of noradrenergic activity.
authors.affiliation: University Institutions of Psychiatry, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mastrangelo
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: de Saint Hilaire-Kafi
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaillard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008781:Methyltyrosines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D011149:Pons / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019805:alpha-Methyltyrosine
chemical_list: D008781:Methyltyrosines; D019805:alpha-Methyltyrosine; D002217:Carbachol; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D003000:Clonidine; D009638:Norepinephrine