title: Treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis with a monoclonal antibody to intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; CD54) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A phase I/II, open-label, dose-escalation study of 32 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During treatment, a peripheral CD3+/CD4+ lymphocytosis was noted, and several patients demonstrated transient cutaneous anergy, which suggests that therapy modified T cell recirculation. Thirteen of the 23 patients who received 5 days of treatment demonstrated clinical improvement through day 29, and 9 of 23 through day 60. Adverse effects were minor and transient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-ICAM-1 MAb therapy was well tolerated, resulted in a transient alteration in T lymphocyte recirculation, and effected clinical improvement in some RA patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8884.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kavanaugh
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rothlein
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Scharschmidt
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lipsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology*; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000175:diagnosis; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes; D009504:Neutrophils; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1