title: Procedure-related fetal losses in transplacental versus nontransplacental genetic amniocentesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesize that loss rates after amniocentesis do not differ in transplacental and nontransplacental taps performed by experienced operators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 1000 women undergoing second-trimester amniocentesis: 745 were referred for maternal age; 132 for positive maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screens, 41 indicating a risk for fetal neural tube defect, 91 indicating a risk for fetal chromosome abnormality; and 123 were referred for other reasons. All procedures were videotaped. The placenta was anterior in 518 cases; in 306 of these the needle went through the placenta. All pregnancies were prospectively evaluated through delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 13 losses among the 1000 procedures (1.3%). The transplacental losses occurred from 4 to 71 days after procedure, median 26.5 days; the nontransplacental losses from 12 days after procedure to term, median 25 days. The loss rate was essentially similar in the two categories: six transplacental (1.96%) and seven nontransplacental (1%) (relative risk 1.52 [95% confidence limits 0.84 to 2.75], p = 0.23). If the three patients with elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein values were excluded from data analysis, the loss rates in the two groups were virtually identical (relative risk 0.98 [95% confidence limits 0.38 to 2.54], p = 1.0000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transplacental amniocentesis does not appear to increase the fetal loss rate in the hands of experienced surgeons. Moreover, in view of the time span between amniocentesis and loss in both groups, a procedural cause seems questionable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Bombard
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Nitowsky
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors