title: [Prevention of air embolism in neurosurgical patients operated on in a sitting posture: a comparative study of 3 methods].
abstract: The efficacies of three methods for the prevention of venous air embolism, positive pressure at the end of expiration, inflatable cervical tourniquet, and controlled moderate hypoventilation, were compared in 16 patients with neurosurgical abnormalities of the posterior cranial fossa. Attaining of positive values of intrasinus pressure was the criterion of efficacy of prophylactic measures. The results indicate that cervical tourniquet and hypoventilation methods are simple and highly effective for the prevention of air embolism. However, they should be used with care in patients with initially pronounced intracranial hypertension, in the presence of arterial hypotension, and their use should be limited in time--till the stage of opening the dura mater. The method of creation of positive pressure at the end of expiration is not only useless, but may even become hazardous because of the possible development of systemic hemodynamic disorders.
authors.forename: A Iu
authors.initials: AIu
authors.lastname: Lubnin
authors.forename: M Iu
authors.initials: MIu
authors.lastname: Oskanova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000150:complications; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck; D009493:Neurosurgery; D011187:Posture; D014111:Tourniquets
vernacular_title: Profilaktika vozdushnoĭ émbolii u neĭrokhirurgicheskikh bol'nykh, operiruemykh v polozhenii sidia: sravnitel'noe izuchenie trekh metodov.