title: Protection of cultured rat gastric cells against oxidant-induced damage by exogenous glutathione.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an intracellular protectant against oxidants. The present study determined whether extracellular GSH protects against oxidant damage or whether an uptake system of GSH is present in cultured gastric cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydrogen peroxide was generated by glucose oxidase and glucose. Cytotoxicity was assessed by 51Cr release. Intracellular GSH was assayed by the method of Tietze.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with extracellular GSH decreased H2O2-induced 51Cr release. Treatment with GSH enhanced cellular GSH content. Protection by pretreatment with GSH was prevented by buthionine sulfoximine (an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase). Enhancement of intracellular GSH was also prevented by buthionine sulfoximine. Acivicin (an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) prevented intracellular accumulation of GSH from extracellular GSH. Cysteine was effective in preventing damage and enhancing intracellular GSH content, whereas both glutamine and glycine were not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extracellular GSH protects cultured gastric cells from H2O2 damage by accelerating intracellular GSH synthesis; this is mediated by membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase acting on extracellular GSH (which supplies these cells with cysteine) and then by intracellular gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Medicine, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mutoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Razandi
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ivey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D003545:Cysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle; D013270:Stomach / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D007555:Isoxazoles; D011498:Protein Precursors; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione; D005947:Glucose; D003545:Cysteine; C006303:acivicin