Prediction of post-partum Graves' thyrotoxicosis by measurement of thyroid stimulating antibody in early pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
Autoimmune thyroid diseases often occur after delivery. However, it has been difficult to predict who will develop Graves' thyrotoxicosis after delivery. We tried to establish a systematic method for predicting post-partum onset of Graves' thyrotoxicosis.


METHODS
We followed up the pregnant women with antithyroid microsomal antibody (MCAb) from early pregnancy to the post-partum period and analysed the relation between the activities of thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) in early pregnancy and post-partum occurrence of Graves' disease.


METHODS
Seventy-one women with positive MCAb in early pregnancy were studied. They were randomly selected from 262 MCAb-positive subjects found in 3405 consecutive early pregnant women who attended our maternity clinic during the last ten years.


METHODS
MCAb was measured with a commercially available agglutination kit. For 71 MCAb-positive subjects, TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) and TSAb were measured in early pregnancy, and serially until 6 months after delivery for the subjects with either positive TBII or TSAb. Thyroid function and goitre size were recorded at every observation.


RESULTS
Among the 71 subjects, 7 showed positive TSAb in early pregnancy without any thyroid dysfunction; all 7 developed thyroid dysfunction in the post-partum period. Five of them (70% of TSAb-positive subjects) developed Graves' disease, two showing persistence and three transiently. None of 64 TSAb-negative subjects developed Graves' thyrotoxicosis, though 44 developed various types of thyroid dysfunction as a result of post-partum autoimmune thyroiditis.


CONCLUSIONS
The individuals at high risk of post-partum onset of Graves' thyrotoxicosis can be found early in their pregnancy by the detection of TSAb. Overall occurrence of post-partum Graves' disease in the general population is estimated above 0.54%, that is, one in 200 post-partum women may develop Graves' thyrotoxicosis, although thyrotoxicosis may be transient in half of the patients.
Hidaka
Y
Y
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
Tamaki
H
H
Iwatani
Y
Y
Tada
H
H
Mitsuda
N
N
Amino
N
N
D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018828:Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D013971:Thyrotoxicosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology
D001323:Autoantibodies; D018828:Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; C056626:thyroid microsomal antibodies