title: An enantiomer-enantiomer interaction of (S)- and (R)-propafenone modifies the effect of racemic drug therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapy with racemic compounds produces effects that can be attributed to both (S)- and (R)-enantiomers. Here we have tested the hypothesis that an enantiomer-enantiomer interaction would modulate the effects of treatment with a racemate, the antiarrhythmic propafenone. Previous studies have shown that while the enantiomers of propafenone exert similar sodium channel-blocking (QRS widening) effects, it is the (S)-enantiomer that produces beta-blockade; moreover, we have demonstrated recently that (R)-propafenone inhibits the metabolism of (S)-propafenone in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This single-blind, randomized study compared the effects of (R/S)-, (S)-, (R)-propafenone (150 mg q 6 hours for 4 days) and placebo on QRS duration (delta QRS) and on maximum exercise heart rate (delta HRmax), an index of beta-blockade. The clearance of (S)-propafenone was significantly lower (-55 +/- 24%, P < .001) during treatment with (R/S)-propafenone than with the (S)-enantiomer alone, and delta HRmax was significantly altered during (R/S)-propafenone (-8.8 +/- 6.6 beats per minute; P < .01) and during (S)-propafenone (-4.3 +/- 4.8 beats per minute; P < .01) but not during (R)-propafenone (-1.8 +/- 6.4 beats per minute) or placebo (0.3 +/- 7.1 beats per minute). In contrast, (R/S)-, (S)-, and (R)-propafenone all prolonged QRS compared with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that (R)-propafenone impairs the disposition of (S)-propafenone in humans. As a result, the beta-blocking effects of 150 mg of racemic propafenone (75 mg of the [S]-enantiomer) were more pronounced than those of 150 mg of (S)-propafenone alone. Thus, the effects of racemic drug therapy are not necessarily those predicted by summation of the effects of the individual enantiomers.
authors.affiliation: Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institut für Klinische, Pharmakologie, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fromm
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bühl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terefe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blaschke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eichelbaum
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011405:Propafenone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D015222:Sodium Channels; D011405:Propafenone