Experimental evaluation of the effect of filtration of diesel exhaust by biologic exposure indicators.
The airway resistance, compliance of the respiratory system, transfer factor, and alveolar volume of 33 healthy rabbits were studied before and after exposure to diluted diesel exhaust generated in an experimental motor. Three diesel fuels and two particle traps were tested. Subsequent to the post-exposure lung function measurements, the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were processed for morphologic examination. The concentrations of particles, nitrogen dioxide, and formaldehyde were measured. The inflammatory airway changes were most pronounced in animals exposed to exhaust from standard fuel. Small changes were identified in animals exposed to exhaust filtered through the catalytic trap as well or exposed to unfiltered exhaust from fuels intended for densely built-up areas. Increase in compliance of the respiratory system was associated with the concentration of soot particles and formaldehyde. Compliance decreased significantly in animals exposed to exhaust from standard fuel filtered through the particle traps and increased almost significantly in animals exposed to unfiltered exhaust from the same fuel.
Ulfvarson
U
U
Department of Environmental Technology and Work Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Dahlqvist
M
M
Sandström
T
T
Bergström
B
B
Ekholm
U
U
Lagerstrand
L
L
Figler
B
B
Nilsen
A
A
Bjermer
L
L
Trønnes
T
T
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects; D002384:Catalysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000032:analysis; D005742:Gasoline / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity / Q000187:drug effects; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits
D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline; D005557:Formaldehyde; D002244:Carbon; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide