title: Approaches to the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.
abstract: In the past two decades there have been a number of advances in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase. There has been very little progress in the management of advanced disease. Hydroxyurea and interferon-alpha have replaced busulfan as first-line therapy in chronic phase. Hydroxyurea provides excellent control of the disease for periods of months or years and has little toxicity. Interferon-alpha induces a reduction in the Philadelphia chromosome in a substantial minority of patients. Interferon-alpha may also prolong survival. Neither hydroxyurea nor interferon-alpha is able to cure the disease. Patients in chronic phase may be cured by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This procedure has a number of limitations, however, including limited availability, high cost, and substantial morbidity and mortality. Current challenges in BMT are to increase its applicability, to reduce graft-versus-host disease, and to augment graft-versus-leukemia effects. The role of autologous transplantation in CML remains speculative.
authors.affiliation: LRF Centre for Adult Leukaemia, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002066:Busulfan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D002066:Busulfan; D006918:Hydroxyurea