title: Lateness of diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma: factors related to the tumour, the patient and health professionals.
abstract: The risk of presenting with advanced stage vs. early stage disease was evaluated in a prospective study of 336 consecutive patients with oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas referred to three head and neck surgery services in Sao Paulo, Curitiba and Goiania during the period from February 1986 to December 1988. Income and educational levels were not associated with stage distribution. The risk of having advanced disease was dependent upon male gender. Another important determinant of advanced stage was tumour location on the less visible surfaces of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Although there was a clear increase in delay of referral among cases who were seen by more than one health professional, duration of symptoms and patient and professional delays were not associated with the risk of advanced disease in unifactorial analysis. The following factors were independently associated with the risk of advanced disease for lip carcinoma: a painful ulcer, alcoholism and delay caused by a non-specialist medical doctor. The risk factors associated to advanced oral carcinoma were: type of lesion, odynophagia/dysphagia, delay caused by a dentist and delay caused by a non-specialist medical doctor. Two of the most important immediate consequences of advanced stage were a conspicuous increase in treatment costs and a longer hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Department, A.C. Camargo Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torloni
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fava
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Andrade Sobrinho
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Curado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors