title: Allele-specific increase in basal transcription of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 gene is associated with myocardial infarction.
abstract: Increased plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity is a common finding in patients with coronary heart disease. Here we provide evidence for an independent, etiological role of PAI-1 in myocardial infarction. The 4G allele of a recently described common 4/5-guanine-tract (4G/5G) polymorphism in the PAI-1 promoter is associated with higher plasma PAI-1 activity. The prevalence of the 4G allele is significantly higher in patients with myocardial infarction before the age of 45 than in population-based controls (allele frequencies of 0.63 vs. 0.53). Both alleles bind a transcriptional activator, whereas the 5G allele also binds a repressor protein to an overlapping binding site. In the absence of bound repressor, the basal level of PAI-1 transcription is increased.
authors.affiliation: King Gustaf V Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kallin
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: van 't Hooft
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Båvenholm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamsten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D015870:Gene Expression; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012016:Reference Values; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I