title: Functional and morphological aspects of thallium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
abstract: Until now the effect of thallium (Tl) on renal function has not been investigated systematically. Therefore, the dose (5, 10, 15, 20 mg Tl2SO4/kg body wt., intraperitoneally) and time-dependence of renal damage was investigated in diuresis experiments on conscious rats. Morphology was evaluated after perfusion fixation in situ. Morphologic changes were localized in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, mostly expressed at the 2nd day after Tl administration, which were completely normalized again at the 10th day. Other parameters such as Tl concentration, changes in water content and the activity of Na+/K(+)-ATPase as well as the diuretic effect of furosemide confirmed the Tl effect to be localized in the renal medulla. One single Tl administration is followed by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine volume and an increase of proteinuria. Electrolyte excretion was only slightly changed. All changes were reversible within the 10-day investigation period.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Appenroth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gambaryan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winnefeld
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leiterer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fleck
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bräunlich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008138:Loop of Henle / Q000187:drug effects; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000139:chemically induced; D051381:Rats; D012378:Rodenticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000652:urine; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013793:Thallium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D012378:Rodenticides; D005665:Furosemide; D013793:Thallium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; C013707:thallium sulfate