title: Acute systemic and antiischemic effects of epanolol in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: Antiischemic effects of beta 1-blocking agents are based on intrinsic negative inotropic and chronotropic properties. Partial beta 1-agonistic activity, although useful in preserving cardiac function, may counteract such antiischemic properties by modulating the intrinsic negative cardiac effects of beta-blockade. To investigate the acute hemodynamic and antiischemic profile of epanolol, a cardioselective beta 1-antagonist and partial agonist, 20 patients with left coronary artery disease underwent two incremental atrial pacing tests, 45 minutes before (APST I) and 15 minutes after (APST II) 4 mg intravenous epanolol, administered over 5 minutes. Additional measurements were carried out at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 minutes after epanolol, at basal and fixed heart rates. Epanolol immediately reduced heart rate with a maximum of 10% at 15 minutes and decreased contractility (Vmax) by 7% (both p < .05), whereas cardiac output fell temporarily by 9% (p < .05). Other hemodynamic parameters did not change, except for a significant 11% reduction in myocardial oxygen demand. Despite comparable pacing conditions, both the double product and contractility decreased significantly less during APST II, resulting in a 17% lower myocardial oxygen consumption (p < .05). Myocardial ischemia was markedly reduced, indicated by normalization of lactate metabolism [lactate extraction 16 +/- 7% vs. -7 +/- 8% (APST I)], less ST depression (21%), and modulation of LV end-diastolic pressure postpacing (all p < .05 vs. APST I), whereas angina was absent or less in 14 patients. None of the patients reported an adverse effect. Thus, under resting conditions intravenous epanolol induces moderate, short-lasting negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, but does not alter cardiac pump function or vascular resistance, reflecting its additional beta 1-agonistic properties. Alternatively, during pacing it still reduces ischemia through negative inotropic effects and diminishes myocardial oxygen demand, reflecting its beta 1-antagonistic profile.
authors.affiliation: Sticares Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Venneker
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Remme
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: van Hoogenhuyze
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kruijssen
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Schelven
mesh_terms: D058665:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists; D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044482:Benzeneacetamides; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D058665:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists; D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D044482:Benzeneacetamides; D011412:Propanolamines; C038616:epanolol