title: Haemodynamic effects of glyceryl trinitrate during continuous 24 hour infusion in patients with heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the susceptibility to tolerance to glyceryl trinitrate is similar in different vascular beds in patients with chronic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with heart failure underwent a continuous infusion of glyceryl trinitrate over 24 hours followed by administration of N-acetylcysteine (5 g intravenously) in a bolus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Haemodynamic measurements under control conditions, at peak titration of glyceryl trinitrate at 24 hours, and after N-acetylcysteine; plasma renin activity and packed cell volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 24 hours of infusion the acute reduction in right atrial pressure had largely waned, while pulmonary vascular resistance remained improved and systemic resistance, which was not reduced at peak titration, significantly decreased with respect to control conditions. The effects of N-acetylcysteine and hormonal responses were different in patients who did and did not develop tolerance to glyceryl trinitrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The haemodynamic profile of glyceryl trinitrate changed substantially during the study from a predominantly venodilator action at peak titration to a predominantly arteriolar dilatation after 24 hours of infusion. The different effects of N-acetylcysteine and the different hormonal responses confirm the multifactorial pathogenesis of tolerance to glyceryl trinitrate.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrario
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campana
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diotallevi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eleuteri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mussini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Specchia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montemartini
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000111:Acetylcysteine