title: Mechanism for procaine-mediated hyperactivated motility in guinea pig spermatozoa.
abstract: Hyperactivated motility was studied in guinea pig spermatozoa. In the presence of the local anesthetic procaine, a high number of sperm cells (64%) showed hyperactivation when incubated in minimal culture medium with pyruvate, lactate, and glucose. Hyperactivated motility was dependent on glucose in the medium. Sperm ATP concentration was increased twofold in hyperactivated sperm when compared to procaine-treated non-hyperactivated cells. cAMP levels were also higher in hyperactivated cells than in control spermatozoa. Thus, in living spermatozoa high levels of ATP appear to be needed to generate hyperactivation. cAMP is present at a high concentration in hyperactivated spermatozoa, therefore a role of cAMP in hyperactivation cannot be excluded. Depletion of external Ca2+ did not inhibit procaine-induced hyperactivated motility. Hence, procaine canceled the requirement of external Ca2+ for sperm to express hyperactivated motility.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F. México.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mújica
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neri-Bazan
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tash
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uribe
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011343:Procaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011343:Procaine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium