title: The influence of various experimental conditions on the expression of naloxone-induced withdrawal symptoms in mice.
abstract: 1. Physical dependence was induced in mice by repeated injections of increasing doses of morphine for either 4 or 7 days. 2. Withdrawal symptoms induced by naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) given 3 hr postmorphine were more severe in mice treated for 7 than for 4 days. 3. In mice that developed a similar degree of dependence, various doses of naloxone (0.1-10 mg/kg) given 3 hr postmorphine produced withdrawal symptoms of different intensities. 4. Withdrawal jumping was maximal at naloxone (1 mg/kg) but declined with further increases in the dose of the antagonist. 5. "Wet dog" shakes progressively increased with increasing doses of naloxone (0.1-10 mg/kg). 6. Variation in the temporal time interval between the last dose of morphine and that of naloxone (1 mg/kg) influenced the intensity of withdrawal symptoms. 7. In male and female mice that developed a similar degree of dependence, no major differences were observed in the severity of withdrawal symptoms-induced by naloxone (1 mg/kg) given 3 hr postmorphine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: el-Kadi
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Sharif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009270:Naloxone; D009020:Morphine