title: Mechanism of activation of liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase by cell swelling.
abstract: The activation of hepatic glycogen synthase by the amino-acid-induced cell swelling has been attributed to the stimulation of [glycogen-synthase]-phosphatase resulting from an increase in the intracellular content in glutamate and aspartate, and a decrease in intracellular Cl-, which is a compensatory response to cell swelling [Meijer, A. J., Baquet, A., Gustafson, L., van Woerkom, G. M. & Hue, L. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 5823-5828]. Here we studied whether the activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by cell swelling could be explained by the same mechanism. The activation of endogenous or purified acetyl-CoA carboxylase was measured in gel-filtered liver extracts or cytosols. No activation could be observed under basal conditions but a fivefold stimulation was obtained with concentrations of glutamate (20-25 mM) found in hepatocytes incubated with glutamine. A similar stimulation was also observed with other dicarboxylic acids such as malonate and succinate, or with metal ions like Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ (10 mM). The addition of 50-100 mM Cl- was found to inhibit the activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by some 20-30%. Mg2+ was also found to stimulate the activation of the endogenous glycogen synthase. The glutamate-stimulated and Mg(2+)-stimulated activation of glycogen synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase was unaffected by 10 microM inhibitor-2, a specific inhibitory protein of protein phosphatase-1, but could be nearly completely blocked by the phosphatase inhibitor microcystin-LR. Our data suggest that the amino-acid-induced activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and glycogen synthase in the liver occurs by a common ionic mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Hormone and Metabolic Research Unit, International Institute of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baquet
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gaussin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bollen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stalmans
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hue
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D048429:Cell Size; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005971:Glutamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D005971:Glutamates; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; D008274:Magnesium