title: Cross-resistance to antitumor diarylsulfonylureas and collateral sensitivity to mitochondrial toxins in a human cell line selected for resistance to the antitumor agent N-(5-indanylsulfonyl)-N'-(4-chlorophenyl)urea.
abstract: Diarylsulfonylurea (DSU) antitumor agents represent a new class of oncolytic compounds with an unknown, potentially novel, mechanism of action. At high concentrations of several of these agents, cytotoxicity appears to be a consequence of uncoupling of mitochondria. However, the mechanism of action at pharmacologically achievable concentrations is unknown. To further study these agents a subline of human colon carcinoma, GC3/c1, was selected for resistance to N-(5-indanylsulfonyl)-N'-(4-chlorophenyl)urea (ISCU) (Sulofenur). This clone (designated LYC5) was stably resistant for 2 years in the absence of selection pressure and was characterized for cross-resistance to other antitumor DSU and therapeutically used oncolytic agents. LYC5 was cross-resistant to six of seven DSU analogues examined when cells were exposed to drugs for 7 days. However, the degree of resistance was inversely related to the potency of the individual DSU against the parental GC3/c1 clone. Consequently, against LYC5 cells there was a relatively narrow range for concentrations inhibiting colony formation by 50% (4-fold), compared with that in GC3/c1 cells (12-fold range). With a single exception, each DSU examined caused uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria at 50 microM, and data suggest that cytotoxicity in LYC5 cells may be a consequence of mitochondrial impairment. In contrast, LYC5 cells were collaterally sensitive to the mitochondrial toxins rotenone, antimycin, and oligomycin, by 11.4-, 7.2-, and 36.9-fold respectively. LYC5 cells were also collaterally sensitive to vincristine (7.7-fold), Actinomycin D (5.9-fold), and rhodamine-123 (10.5-fold), agents associated with P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). LYC5 cells were slightly more sensitive to Melphalan and doxorubicin (2.8- and 2.3-fold, respectively) but not to cisplatin or dideazatetrahydrofolic acid. Collateral sensitivity to vincristine and Actinomycin D was consistent with decreased Pgp levels in LYC5 cells. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting with anti-Pgp antibodies indicated an 8-fold reduction in Pgp levels in LYC5 cells, relative to expression in parental GC3/c1 cells. Consequently, association of mitochondrial toxins with resistance in MDR KB8-5 cells was examined in the presence or absence of the MDR-reversing agent verapamil. KB8-5 cells had equal or greater sensitivity, compared with parental KB3-1 cells, to rotenone, antimycin, and oligomycin and also to each DSU analogue examined. In addition, verapamil tended to have a protective effect against these mitochondrial toxins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sosinski
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Thakar
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Germain
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kuttesch
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Houghton
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000968:Antimycin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D009840:Oligomycins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012402:Rotenone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009840:Oligomycins; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D012402:Rotenone; C032456:antimycin; D000968:Antimycin A; D014700:Verapamil; C058179:sulofenur