title: Glutamate impairs neuronal calcium extrusion while reducing sodium gradient.
abstract: The rate of decrease of neuronal [Ca2+]i after an elevation induced by a glutamate pulse is much slower than that after a comparable [Ca2+]i elevation induced by a K+ depolarization. To investigate whether the [Na+]i increase taking place during the glutamate pulse reduces the rate of Ca2+ extrusion, we monitored simultaneously [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i during a K+ depolarization and a glutamate pulse lasting 1 min. The K+ depolarization evoked only a transient increase of [Na+]i from 4 mM to 13 mM, whereas the glutamate pulse increased [Na+]i to 60 mM, and this increase persisted after glutamate removal. An application of bepridil immediately after glutamate pulse when [Na+]i was greatly elevated, but not 14 min after glutamate removal when a basal [Na+]i was restored, evoked a [Ca2+]i increase accompanied by a decrease of [Na+]i, indicating a reverse mode of operation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. These data suggest that the glutamate-evoked increase in [Na+]i may play a role in Ca2+ homeostasis destabilization.
authors.affiliation: Fidia-Georgetown Institute for the Neurosciences Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20007.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kiedrowski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brooker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wroblewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015764:Bepridil / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005971:Glutamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D015764:Bepridil; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium