title: Electrical stimulation and amino acid and ammonia metabolism in the canine gastrocnemius muscle.
abstract: This study examined the effects of electrical stimulation on amino acid and ammonia (NH3) metabolism in the isolated in situ canine gastrocnemius muscle preparation. Cut sciatic nerves of 10 mongrel dogs were stimulated at either 3 or 5 twitches/s (10 V, 0.2-ms duration) for 60 min. Muscle NH3 release dramatically increased on stimulation, and over 60 min the 3- and 5-Hz groups released 86.7 +/- 24.2 vs. 160.8 +/- 17.4 mumol.min-1.100 g-1 (P < 0.05) of NH3, respectively. Similarly, the intramuscular NH3 concentration was elevated (P < 0.05) above rest for both groups throughout stimulation, and it was higher (P < 0.05) at 5 min for the 5-Hz (82.7 +/- 2.4 mumol/100 g wet wt) than for the 3-Hz (67.4 +/- 7.4 mumol/100 g wet wt) group. Stimulation was also characterized by a large release of amino acids by both groups. The total amino acid release for 60 min was 415.4 +/- 64.9 vs. 193.3 +/- 56.2 (P < 0.05) mumol/100 g for the 3- and 5-Hz groups, respectively. However, there were no shifts or differences between groups in the intramuscular total amino acid pools. Glutamine (Gln) and alanine (Ala) dominated the amino acids released by muscle and together represented 35 and 46% of the total amino acids released over 60 min for the 3- and 5-Hz groups, respectively. The total release of Gln was higher (P < 0.05) for the 3-Hz (81.1 +/- 5.6 mumol/100 g) than for the 5-Hz (49.4 +/- 10.7 mumol/100 g) group, but there were no differences between groups in total Ala release. In contrast, both groups demonstrated an uptake of branched-chain amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and leucine) after 45 min of stimulation. These data show a stimulation-dependent production of NH3 and release of amino acid by the canine gastrocnemius muscle. These data further show that the degree of net muscle NH3 production is proportional to the frequency, whereas the degree of amino acid release is an inverse function of frequency.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000378:metabolism; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000378:metabolism; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D000596:Amino Acids; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D007773:Lactates; D005973:Glutamine; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000641:Ammonia; D005947:Glucose; D000409:Alanine