title: A genetic linkage study of bipolar disorder and 13 markers on chromosome 11 including the D2 dopamine receptor.
abstract: Chromosome 11 is a region of great interest in the search for genes for bipolar disorder. Although an initial report of linkage to 11p15 was not replicated in numerous subsequent studies, the remainder of the chromosome contains a variety of interesting candidate genes and regions. These include the D2 dopamine receptor and the site of a chromosomal translocation that has been reported to be associated with bipolar disorder. As part of a systematic survey of the genome for markers linked to bipolar disorder, we have examined 13 markers on chromosome 11 in three large Icelandic families and Amish pedigree 110. No clear evidence of linkage was obtained. The highest lod score was found at D11S29 (lod = 1.63 at theta = 0.1), which is in the general region of the reported translocation breakpoints. However, this lod is not statistically significant, and its meaning is further mitigated by strongly negative lods in two nearby flanking markers. Linkage to the D2 dopamine receptor locus was strongly excluded (lod = -4.02 at theta = 0.0). In two-point analyses, linkage to bipolar disorder could be excluded to eight of the 13 markers. Multipoint analyses, similarly, failed to reveal any evidence of linkage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0603.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kelsoe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kristbjanarson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergesch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shilling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirow
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Moises
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Helgason
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gillin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Egeland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000483:Alleles; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002648:Child; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2