title: Antiproliferative effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs against human colon cancer cells.
abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may be effective in preventing colorectal cancer. These include animal experiments, case-control studies, and clinical experience with sulindac in promoting the regression of adenomatous colon polyps in adenomatous polyposis coli. We determined the antiproliferative activity of various nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, including two sulindac derivatives, against human colon cancer cells in vitro. Ht-29, SW480, and DLD-1 cells were continuously incubated with serial drug dilutions for 6 days prior to fixation. Cell number was determined using the sulforhodamine B assay, and drug concentrations which inhibited cell growth by 50% were estimated for each agent by interpolation. All drugs exhibited antiproliferative activity against Ht-29 and DLD-1 cells, and most inhibited SW480 cells. For Ht-29 cells, the 50% inhibitory concentration varied from 55 microM for diclofenac to 2100 microM for 5-aminosalicylic acid, with three drug groups of high, intermediate, and low potency evident. Inhibition of cell growth by sulindac sulfide was reversible following drug removal. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs exert an antiproliferative effect against human colon cancer cells with a wide range of potencies. A cytostatic response was demonstrated with sulindac sulfide. These data further support the potential role of these agents for chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hixson
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krutzsch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Einsphar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brendel
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Paranka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pamukcu
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology; D005279:Fenoprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D008528:Mefenamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009288:Naproxen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010653:Phenylbutazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000494:pharmacology; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013467:Sulindac / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012459:Salicylates; D010894:Piroxicam; D004008:Diclofenac; D013467:Sulindac; D008528:Mefenamic Acid; D009288:Naproxen; D005480:Flurbiprofen; C025462:sulindac sulfide; D007660:Ketoprofen; D014046:Tolmetin; D010653:Phenylbutazone; C025463:sulindac sulfone; D005279:Fenoprofen; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007213:Indomethacin