Cell type-specific heterogeneity of the HIV-1 V3 loop in infected individuals: selection of virus in macrophages and plasma.
The primary targets for infection of HIV-1 are CD4+ T cells and monocyte/macrophage cells. We investigated the genotype heterogeneity of HIV-1 in distinct blood compartments, CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and plasma. Nucleotide sequences of proviral DNA from CD4+ T cells, monocyte cells, and cell-free virion RNA from plasma were determined in three HIV-1 infected individuals. We found that the heterogeneity in proviral DNA from CD4+ T cells was much higher than that found in monocyte cells or in virion RNA from plasma. These data showed that different swarms of HIV-1 exist in individually infected cells and plasma. Furthermore, predicted V3 amino acid sequences in the infected monocytes were very similar to the reported sequence of prototypic macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolates. Our results show that macrophage-tropic virus is quite homogeneous in monocytes/macrophages and has a common V3 structure in contrast to T-cell-tropic virus in vivo.
Yamashita
A
A
Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
Yamamoto
N
N
Matsuda
J
J
Koyanagi
Y
Y
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D015752:Genes, env / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D015704:CD4 Antigens; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012367:RNA, Viral