title: Plasma homovanillic acid levels in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychopathology and treatment response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine plasma homovanillic acid (pHVA) levels in first-episode schizophrenia, to compare pHVA levels in patients and controls, and to assess the association of pHVA levels with psychopathology and treatment response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients entered the study, and pHVA levels were measured at baseline and on a weekly basis for up to 6 weeks of open standardized neuroleptic treatment. Psychopathology was evaluated with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and the Clinical Global Impressions scale. Ten healthy controls were used for comparison of baseline pHVA levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were observed between patients and controls. Baseline pHVA level was not associated with psychopathology but was associated with time to reach remission. Baseline pHVA levels and week-1 pHVA levels were higher in responders than nonresponders. Regardless of responsiveness, female participants had higher pHVA levels than male participants throughout the study. The pattern of pHVA levels with treatment was similar in all patients with a short-term rise initially and then a decrease toward baseline values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that pHVA levels have prognostic significance for response and time to reach remission. Qualitative and quantitative differences between first-episode patients' pHVA levels and studies using a long-term, neuroleptic-exposed population suggest that changes occur with neuroleptic treatment or the progression of the illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Koreen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvir
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mayerhoff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loebel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chakos
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006719:Homovanillic Acid