title: Low doses of NMDA receptor antagonists synergistically increase the anticonvulsant effect of the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX in the kindling model of epilepsy.
abstract: Excitatory amino acid transmitters are involved in the initiation of seizures and their propagation. Most attention has been directed to synapses using N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, although more recent evidence indicates potential roles for the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors as well. In the present experiments in amygdala-kindled rats, i.e. a model of partial epilepsy, competitive and uncompetitive NMDA antagonists exerted only weak anticonvulsant effects, whereas the AMPA antagonist 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX) potently increased focal seizure threshold and inhibited seizure spread from the focus. These effects of NBQX were dramatically increased by pretreatment with low doses of NMDA antagonists, whereas adverse effects of NBQX were not potentiated. These data suggest that both non-NMDA and NMDA receptors are critically involved in the kindled state, and that combinations of AMPA and NMDA receptor antagonists provide a new strategy for treatment of epileptic seizures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Löscher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rundfeldt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hönack
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C062865:2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline; C064540:CGP 39551; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate