title: Screening for hazardous drinking. Using the CAGE and measures of alcohol consumption in family practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the drinking practices of a family practice population, to examine the CAGE and questions about drinking as a method of screening for hazardous alcohol use, and to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and CAGE items, particularly in a subgroup of hazardous drinkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random survey of patients representative of a clinic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family practice clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 1420 patients approached while waiting to see a family physician for medical reasons, 1376 agreed to participate; 1334 turned in usable questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Drinking measures and CAGE items; CAGE questions and levels of alcohol use were used to determine current drinking practices. A subgroup of hazardous drinkers was examined in greater detail.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty percent of male patients and 11% of female patients reported at least one "hazardous" drinking (four or more drinks) day in the past month. Answering yes to CAGE items was more specific to drinking for male subjects, who also reported a greater number of maximum drinks with a CAGE score of 2 or more.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This brief questionnaire was a feasible tool for identifying family practice patients who could be at risk for developing alcohol problems. All patients could be invited to complete the questionnaire while waiting for their appointments.
authors.affiliation: Sydney Family Practice Centre, Nova Scotia.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leigh
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Baldwin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009674:Nova Scotia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires