title: Effects of graded levels of bentonite on serum clinical profiles, metabolic hormones, and serum swainsonine concentrations in lambs fed locoweed (Oxytropis sericea).
abstract: To determine which clay minerals have the potential to bind swainsonine, an in vitro screening procedure was conducted. Twenty compounds were screened in one replicated in vitro trial. A commercially available bentonite bound approximately 10% swainsonine and was chosen for use in a subsequent lamb feeding trial. Twenty fine-wool lambs (30.5 +/- .7 kg) were assigned to one of five treatments (four lambs/treatment). Treatments included 1) positive control, 100% sorghum sudangrass hay, 2) 85% sorghum sudangrass:15% locoweed (Oxytropis sericea, 430 ppm [DM basis] of swainsonine) +0 g of bentonite, 3) Treatment 2 + 14 g of bentonite, 4) Treatment 2 + 28 g of bentonite, and 5) Treatment 2 + 42 g of bentonite. Lambs were fed the experimental diets for 35 d and were then fed the positive control diet for an additional 21 d. Lambs were weighted and blood was collected via jugular venipuncture weekly from d 0 through 56. On d 35, additional blood samples were collected 1, 2, 4, and 8 h after feeding. Weekly blood samples were analyzed for serum clinical chemistry profiles, and additional blood samples collected on d 35 were analyzed for serum metabolic hormones and serum swainsonine concentrations. Within 1 wk, serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities increased markedly (P < .05) in lambs fed locoweed. Serum insulin, growth hormone, and prolactin concentrations were not affected by feeding locoweed, but serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations were decreased by approximately 50% (P < .05) in lambs fed locoweed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pulsipher
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Galyean
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hallford
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kiehl
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001546:Bentonite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017026:Swainsonine / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D002712:Chlorides; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D001546:Bentonite; D013006:Growth Hormone; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D017026:Swainsonine; D011188:Potassium