title: Nitric oxide mediates nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neural relaxation in the Australian possum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide has been shown to play an important role in neurally mediated relaxations of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. The aim of this study was to determine whether NO may be the inhibitory transmitter to circular smooth muscle from the sphincter of Oddi of the Australian brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of drugs on relaxations evoked by electrical-field stimulation of circular muscle strips precontracted with either erythromycin or carbachol were studied. Preparations were also processed histochemically to determine the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase reactivity in the tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester reduced the amplitude of relaxations; this effect could be partially reversed by millimolar concentrations of L-arginine but not by D-arginine. Oxyhemoglobin also reduced the amplitude of the relaxations, and sodium nitroprusside mimicked the relaxations in precontracted strips. Histochemical processing revealed the presence of nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers associated with the circular muscle layer, which are reactive for NADPH-diaphorase and are thus likely to contain NO synthase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are all consistent with NO released from nerve cells mediating a significant part of the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxation of the circular muscle layer of the sphincter of Oddi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Adelaide.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Saccone
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brookes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toouli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D009893:Opossums; D009803:Sphincter of Oddi / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D008751:Methylene Blue; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester