title: A nosocomial outbreak due to non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae: analysis of plasmids coding for antibiotic resistance.
abstract: An outbreak of infections with non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae, resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphonamide and tetracycline involved 13 elderly patients and three nurses on acute admission and care of the elderly wards. Thirty-two isolates were found to be indistinguishable on analysis of biotype, antibiogram, serotype and major outer membrane proteins (MOMP). Plasmids could not be identified in the original isolates but after mating with a Rec A H. influenzae recipient, the resultant transconjugates were found to harbour either a 72 kilobase pair (kB) plasmid coding for resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, sulphonamide and tetracycline or a 65 kB plasmid coding for resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and sulphonamide. Both plasmids yielded virtually indistinguishable restriction digest patterns. This suggests that the tetracycline resistance gene (Tc gene) is a non-essential component of one basic plasmid responsible for the multiple antibiotic resistances seen in the strains recovered during the outbreak. This illustrates the value of plasmid profiles to compare strains of non-encapsulated H. influenzae, and suggests that plasmid restriction enzyme analysis is critical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, University College London Hospitals, UK.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kibbler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holton
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000668:Ampicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D002702:Chloramphenicol Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D013045:Species Specificity; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance / Q000235:genetics