title: Persistent endophthalmitis after intravitreal antimicrobial therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency of persistent infection after injection of intravitreal antimicrobials as therapy for endophthalmitis and to determine if persistent infection influences the final visual outcome after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a series of 42 eyes with culture-positive endophthalmitis of various types, the authors performed a second vitreous culture and injection of antimicrobial agents in 22 eyes. Repeat cultures were obtained 3 to 8 days after initial therapy in 20 of the 22 eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve of the 22 eyes were persistently culture-positive. Organisms identified in the persistently culture-positive eyes included staphylococcal species (n = 4), Streptococcus (n = 4), Serratia (n = 1), Propionibacterium acnes (n = 1), and fungi (n = 2). Eyes in which the initial antimicrobial therapy failed to eradicate a bacterial infection had a worse outcome than those that were culture-negative on repeat sampling. Final visual acuity of 20/200 or better after repeat injection was attained in 4 of the 12 culture-positive eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single injection of intravitreal antimicrobial agents may be insufficient to cure some cases of endophthalmitis, and a second injection should be considered in some circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alexandria School of Medicine, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaarawy
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Grand
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Meredith
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Ibanez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents