title: Human insulin and hypoglycaemia: a literature survey.
abstract: Thirty-nine clinical studies and 12 epidemiological reports comparing human insulin and porcine insulin were reviewed. Twenty-five studies (encompassing 338 subjects) showed identical symptoms and physiological response to acute hypoglycaemia overall. Fifteen studies (encompassing more than 1253 patients) showed identical incidence of hypoglycaemia overall and similar symptoms with the two types of insulin. Twelve studies showed identical incidence of hypoglycaemia overall with the two types of insulin. Thus, the overwhelming evidence from a large number of studies including a large number of patients suggests that: (1) human and porcine insulin do not provoke different hormonal responses to hypoglycaemia; (2) they do not cause different symptoms of hypoglycaemia; (3) the incidence of severe hypoglycaemia with human insulin does not differ from that of porcine insulin.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Care Division, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dejgaard
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pramming
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin