title: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) search for viral nucleic acid sequences in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies looking for evidence of viral infection in schizophrenics have yielded conflicting results. We searched for viral nucleic acids to test the hypothesis of the viral aetiology of schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to search for cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A, Borna disease virus (BDV), and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in: hippocampus from three schizophrenic and three non-schizophrenic subjects; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 48 schizophrenic patients; CSF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from nine sets of identical twins discordant for schizophrenia; and SK-N-SHEP cells co-cultured with schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic brain homogenates. All patients met DSM-III-R criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Virus-specific nucleic acids were not found in any of the samples tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of viral nucleic acids in the samples tested suggest that, in these patients, schizophrenia is not associated with a persistent or latent infection due to these viruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sierra-Honigmann
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Yolken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001891:Borna disease virus / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000821:virology; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015723:Gene Library; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D015347:RNA Probes; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015347:RNA Probes; D012367:RNA, Viral