title: Relationship of p53 overexpression and up-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen with the clinical course of non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: p53 is known to play a central role in the control of cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. In non-small cell lung cancer, however, the clinicopathological studies of p53 have yielded conflicting results. In the current study, we examined 123 non-small cell lung cancers with detailed clinical information, 71 primary and 52 metastatic tumors, using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded surgical specimens to show the clinicopathological correlation of the immunohistochemical (DO-7) overexpression of p53. Nuclear specific p53 overexpression appeared in 48 (39%; any number of tumor cells positive) of 123 tumors (35% of primary and 44% of metastatic tumors). The distribution and intensity of staining were variable. Ninety-eight % of all tumors also expressed nuclear immunoreactivity for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; PC 10) to a varying degree. In a univariate analysis, both p53 (> 10% of tumor cells positive; n = 11) and PCNA (> 50% of tumor cells positive; n = 32) were associated with shorter survival in the curative intent group (stages I, II, and IIIA) of 63 patients. In a multivariate analysis including all clinicopathological variables, the overexpression of p53 (but not PCNA) was found to be an independent prognostic factor (P2 = 0.0011) in the curative intent group. No correlation was detected between the immunoreactivities and patient characteristics, such as age, gender, or smoking. Double immunohistochemistry of both p53 and PCNA revealed a distinct pattern, whereas its clinicopathological correlation remained elusive. We conclude that p53 overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer (but not PCNA) is independently associated with a shortened survival and may be of prognostic significance in selected patients with earlier stage cancer.
authors.affiliation: Biomarkers and Prevention Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20850.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mulshine
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Linnoila
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011379:Prognosis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53