title: Review article: the use of gastric acid-inhibitory drugs--physiological and pathophysiological considerations.
abstract: All vertebrates secrete gastric acid. Acid denatures the proteins in the food and thus makes them more accessible to proteolytic enzymes, and it kills swallowed micro-organisms. Gastric acid plays an important pathogenetic role in peptic ulcer disease and reflux oesophagitis. In these diseases, drugs that inhibit secretion of gastric acid will heal the lesions and suppress the symptoms. However, both reflux oesophagitis and peptic ulcer tend to recur when the acid-inhibitory treatment is stopped. Therefore, these patients often require long-term treatment with acid-inhibitors. In this overview the potential risks of long-term profound inhibition of acid secretion, raising the pH above 4 for a considerable time, resulting in reduced killing of micro-organisms and secondary hypergastrinaemia, are discussed. Gastrin regulates both the function (production and release of histamine) and growth of the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell. Hitherto, the role that this cell plays in gastric carcinogenesis appears to have been underestimated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Waldum
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brenna
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kleveland
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sandvik
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Syversen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000863:Antacids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004759:Enterochromaffin Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D006632:Histamine / Q000502:physiology; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D005755:Gastrins; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D006632:Histamine