title: Effects of designer drugs on the chicken embryo and 1-day-old chicken.
abstract: The present study was conducted to examine the effects of d-amphetamine and the designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-3-butamine (HMDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-butanamine (BDB), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-1-ethanamine (MDM1EA) in the chick embryo and the young chicken. HMDMA and MDM1EA had no effect on motility on day 14 of embryogenesis, while MDMA, BDB, and d-amphetamine decreased embryonic motility at one or more doses. On day 1 posthatch, chickens were challenged with cumulative injections of water or the same drug that they had received in ova. With the exception of MDM1EA, all of the drugs produced effects such as distress vocalization, wing extension, tremor, flat body posture, bursting forward movements, loss of righting reflex, and convulsant-like kicking. Pretreatment with drug in ova resulted in tolerance to certain drug effects and supersensitivity to other drug effects. Furthermore, BDB significantly decreased hatchability, MDM1EA decreased body weight, and HMDMA decreased liver weight. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism(s) of toxicity in this species.
authors.affiliation: Auburn University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849-5503.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bronson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeRuiter
mesh_terms: D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D008954:Models, Biological; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D015198:Designer Drugs; D014867:Water; C069611:1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine; C088582:3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-1-ethanamine; D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine; C042601:N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylisobutylamine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine