title: Downregulation of CD28 surface antigen on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes during HIV-1 infection.
abstract: A progressive significant decrease of CD28 surface antigen expression on CD4+ (mean, 90, 86, 79, 68% in stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively, versus 96% in normals), as well as on CD8+ T lymphocytes (mean, 38, 32, 31, and 29% in stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively, versus 47% in normals) was observed during HIV-1 infection. The increase of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells, in both percentage and absolute numbers, that was observed in almost all HIV-1 patients, was associated with an increase of the CD8+ cells lacking the CD28 surface antigen. The loss of CD28 antigen expression was parallel to the increase of CD38, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, and CD45RO antigen expression on T lymphocytes throughout the disease. Furthermore, a positive significant correlation within the CD4+ but not the CD8+ subset was observed between the percentage of cells lacking the CD28 antigen and the percentage of cells expressing the HLA-DR and CD38 antigens, a finding suggesting that the loss of CD28 antigen expression on CD4+ lymphocytes may be associated with T-lymphocyte activation. Patients treated with zidovudine showed no significant differences in the percentages of either CD4+CD28+ or CD8+CD28+ T-cell subsets when compared to untreated patients. These phenotypic changes may be associated with the functional defects of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Immunology, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choremi-Papadopoulou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viglis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gargalianos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kordossis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iniotaki-Theodoraki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kosmidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018106:CD28 Antigens; D015215:Zidovudine