title: CD4+ T-lymphocyte measures in the treatment of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. A review for clinical practitioners.
abstract: The CD4+ lymphocyte is a major target of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). CD4+ T-lymphocyte measures have been used to predict the risk of HIV-1-related complications in diverse populations, to guide management decisions, and to define cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To examine the role of CD4+ measures in the management and epidemiologic monitoring of HIV-1 infection, we evaluated current literature regarding the accuracy and precision of CD4+ measures and the use of these and other prognostic measures in the care of HIV-1-infected persons. Several studies have reported wide intraindividual and interindividual variability in the absolute CD4+ count, which can detract from its clinical usefulness. Approaches to address this variability include the following: drawing specimens at a similar time of the day; monitoring CD4+ percent that has less variability; following a meticulous laboratory technique; using serial tests to guide management decisions; and retesting after efforts to eliminate transient treatment and clinical factors that can affect the CD4+ count. The expense and limited availability of CD4+ measures also present barriers to widespread use. Other laboratory and clinical factors offer additional prognostic information and have an evolving role in management decisions. CD4+ measures have an important role in HIV-1 clinical care, research, and disease surveillance, but strategies are required to address problems with variability, expense, and availability.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D016655:HIV Core Protein p24