title: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is required for the transport of nitric oxide in platelets.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) or NO-generating compounds like sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increase cellular levels of cGMP and produce S-nitrosylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH; D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12]. In search of a reagent that could discriminate between these two effects, we used the sesquiterpene antibiotic koningic acid, which binds to GAPDH at the Cys-149 of the active site. Koningic acid inhibited basal and sodium nitroprusside-stimulated NAD-dependent covalent modification of purified rabbit muscle GAPDH in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we tested the effect of koningic acid on human platelets. Approximately 90% of GAPDH is present in the cytosol of human platelets, and the exposure of platelet cytosol to koningic acid inhibited GAPDH activity, while the soluble guanylyl cyclase (basal and sodium nitroprusside-stimulated) activity remained unaltered. Pretreatment of intact platelets with koningic acid slowed the rate of aggregation induced by a submaximal concentration of thrombin. In addition, the antibiotic also inhibited the cGMP increases triggered by SNP, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), and 3-morpholinosyndomidine (SIN-1) but failed to prevent an increase in cGMP caused by nitrosylated albumin. Under the same conditions, koningic acid also inhibited basal and SNP- SNAP-, and SIN-1-stimulated NAD-dependent modification of GAPDH and its enzymatic activity. These results suggest that the mechanism of delivery of NO from SNP, SNAP, and SIN-1 to platelets may require the active form of GAPDH. When NO is delivered by nitrosylated albumin, active GAPDH was not necessary.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reep
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lapetina
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Molina y Vedia
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C027285:heptelidic acid; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP