title: Air rifle pellet injury to the heart with retrograde caval migration.
abstract: Great emphasis is placed on the lethality of modern high-powered street weapons, and their impact on mortality from firearm injuries. Presented is a case of an air rifle BB injury to the chest, resulting in a penetrating injury of the right heart, with apparent retrograde embolization to the inferior vena cava. Although no clinical evidence of pericardial tamponade was present 4 hours following injury, 150 mL of pericardial blood was encountered at median sternotomy, secondary to a right atrial appendage entry wound. This case exemplifies three important principles regarding penetrating chest trauma and air guns: (1) Modern air rifles, capable of muzzle velocities as high as 900 fps, are intrinsically lethal weapons; (2) missiles within the cardiovascular system have a propensity for embolization, and often follow an intuitively unexpected course; and (3) young healthy patients with potentially lethal penetrating cardiac injuries, particularly those caused by low velocity firearms, may appear stable and minimally injured in the emergency room. A strong suspicion of cardiac injury and prompt intervention should be extended to airgun injuries of the thorax.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Darnall Army Community Hospital, Ft. Hood, TX 76544-5063, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wascher
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gwinn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D004617:Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D005389:Firearms; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications*