title: Induced pneumoperitoneum in CT evaluation of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis is a well-known problem even for technologies as recent as computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether CT performed after induced pneumoperitoneum (CT-PP) could have a higher sensitivity in the detection of peritoneal implants over conventional CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with known ovarian malignancies underwent standard CT and CT-PP. Exploratory laparotomy was performed with a maximum interval of 7 days from the last imaging procedure. Results were prospectively compared with surgical findings on a compartment to compartment basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT-PP was well-tolerated with no serious adverse reactions registered. The anterior and visceral peritoneum, the paracolic gutters and subphrenic areas were particularly well depicted but not the pelvis which was poorly evaluated in all cases. CT-PP detected all the three cases where peritoneal carcinomatosis was present even when metastatic nodules were smaller than 2 mm; it also showed intraabdominal adhesions in two patients, an important finding that precludes the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With CT-PP there seems to be a reduction in the threshold of detectability of peritoneal implants. The direct demonstration of intraperitoneal adhesions is an important secondary finding. Disadvantages of CT-PP are (1) it is a time-consuming method and (2) it does not evaluate all the peritoneal recesses potentially involved in peritoneal carcinomatosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caseiro-Alves
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonçalo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abraul
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed