title: Trial-spacing effects in Hermissenda suggest contributions of associative and nonassociative cellular mechanisms.
abstract: In behaving Hermissenda, a preparatory conditioned response developed across repeated pairings of light (conditioned stimulus; CS) and rotation (unconditioned stimulus; US) with intertrial intervals (ITIs) of 60 and 120 s, but not 30 s. Likewise, contiguous in vitro stimulation of the visual and vestibular receptors, an analog of behavioral conditioning, resulted in an increase in the input resistance (i.e., excitability, a correlate of conditioning) of the B photoreceptors of the Hermissenda's eye, but only with ITIs greater than 60 s. Calcium signaling in the B cell, critical to the induction of this neuronal plasticity, was attenuated with shorter ITIs owing to (a) a reduction of the light-induced generator potential and hence voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx during the light CS, (b) a depression of the Ca2+ current that persisted throughout shorter ITIs, and (c) a steady-state inactivation of the Ca2+ current as a result of a sustained depolarization persisting from the previous trial. These results are consistent with a 2-process theory of associative learning in which a primary process (Ca2+ influx) may be opposed by a secondary process (depression of the Ca2+ current) during short ITIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Talk
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Matzel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008974:Mollusca / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D017956:Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000294:innervation
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002118:Calcium