title: Induction of ICAM 1 expression on bladder tumours by BCG immunotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and 2 (ICAM 1 and 2) in transitional cell carcinoma cells before and after immunotherapy with Calmette-Guérin bacillus (BCG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Frozen sections from 22 untreated bladder carcinomas were immunohistochemically examined with monoclonal antibodies to ICAM 1 and 2. Urinary cytospin slides were made for six patients for each of the six clinical instillations which constitute a therapeutic course. These slides were also stained for ICAM 1 and for leucocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bladder cancer cells did not essentially express either ICAM 1 or 2, but cells in the stromal areas surrounding tumour expressed both these antigens. After repeated instillations of BCG organisms ICAM 1 positive normal and neoplastic epithelial cells were observed in the urine. Cells obtained from the first three instillations expressed lower densities of ICAM 1 than those from the later instillations. Many neutrophils expressing LFA-1 and some lymphocytes were also noted in the cytospin slides and some of these were conjugated to tumour cells expressing ICAM 1. Six months after treatment a single maintenance dose of BCG induced ICAM 1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Untreated superficial bladder carcinoma cells do not express ICAM 1 or 2, but these important immunological molecules were expressed in the stromal areas of tissue. Importantly, neoplastic cells in the urine expressed ICAM 1 after immunotherapy. This molecule can render bladder tumour cells vulnerable to non-antigen specific cytotoxicity mediated by activated lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Edinburgh.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Alexandroff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Esuvaranathan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Chisholm
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C065289:ICAM2 protein, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1