title: Rating of medication influences (ROMI) scale in schizophrenia.
abstract: Noncompliance with neuroleptic treatment is a major barrier to delivery of effective treatment for schizophrenia outpatients. This article describes the development of a standardized measure for the assessment of attitudinal and behavioral factors influencing patient compliance with neuroleptic treatment. The Rating of Medication Influences (ROMI) scale was developed as part of a longitudinal study of neuroleptic noncompliance in schizophrenia and administered to 115 discharged schizophrenia outpatients. Analyses of the following were conducted to assess the scale's psychometric properties: (1) interrater reliability, (2) internal consistency, (3) principal components, (4) correlation with other subjective measures, and (5) correlation with independent family reports. Most (95%) of the ROMI patient-report items were reliable, whereas rater-judgment items were not reliable. The rater section was dropped. A principal components analysis of the reliable patient-report items yielded three subscales related to compliance (Prevention, Influence of Others, and Medication Affinity) and five subscales related to noncompliance (Denial/Dysphoria, Logistical Problems, Rejection of Label, Family Influence, and Negative Therapeutic Alliance). There were significant correlations between these subscales, and independently obtained family-report ROMI items were significant. The Denial/Dysphoria subscale correlated strongly with two other published measures of dysphoric response to neuroleptics, whereas the other noncompliance subscales did not. The ROMI is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to assess the patient's subjective reasons for medication compliance and non-compliance. The subscale findings suggest that the ROMI provides a more comprehensive data base for patient-reported compliance attitudes than the other available subjective measures. Indications for use of the ROMI and other subjective measures of neuroleptic response are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, Dept. of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10019.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weiden
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rapkin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mott
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zygmunt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horvitz-Lennon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frances
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016312:Treatment Refusal
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents