title: Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on oral mucositis after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral mucositis following high-dose chemotherapy may result in systemic infection and airway compromise, and the severity of oral mucositis may be dose-limiting. Here we investigate the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which significantly shortens duration of neutropenia after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) on oral mucositis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen children undergoing HSCT were prepared with etoposide (VP-16), thiotepa (TT), and total-body irradiation (TBI), and 13 with VP-16, TT, and cyclophosphamide (CPM). Following transplantation, 14 patients received GM-CSF at a dose of 125 micrograms/m2/d by continuous intravenous infusion (six prepared with VP-16, TT, and TBI, and eight prepared with VP-16, TT, and CPM), and 12 patients received no growth factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mucositis was more severe and persisted longer in patients prepared with the TBI-containing regimen. For this regimen, the duration of severe oral mucositis was shortened by the administration of GM-CSF, although the severity of mucositis was unaffected. No statistically significant effect of GM-CSF could be shown in patients who received VP-16, TT, and CPM. The incidence of positive fungal oral or blood cultures did not appear different whether patients received GM-CSF or not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients undergoing stomatotoxic HSCT regimens, GM-CSF may reduce the duration of oral mucositis, but is unlikely to effect the severity of oral mucositis or risk of airway compromise, and the severity of mucositis is likely to remain dose-limiting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-2168.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spadinger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruby
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coccia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D013852:Thiotepa / Q000009:adverse effects; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D013852:Thiotepa