title: Tolerance to staphylococcal enterotoxin B initiated Th1 cell differentiation in mice infected with Candida albicans.
abstract: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a bacterial superantigen that specifically activates T cells bearing V beta 8 T-cell receptor domains, which eventually leads to a long-lasting state of clonal anergy accompanied by selective cell death in the targeted CD4+ subset. Because the superantigen is known to promote Th1 cell differentiation in vitro, we have investigated the effect of SEB treatment on the course of Th2-associated progressive disease in mice infected systemically with Candida albicans. On the basis of the kinetics of SEB-induced changes in CD4+ cells and production in sera of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10, and gamma interferon, we obtained evidence that V beta 8+ cell anergy concomitant with infection abolished the early IL-4/IL-10 response of the host to the yeast, ultimately leading to a state of resistance characterized by gamma interferon secretion in vitro by antigen-specific CD4+ cells. In contrast, SEB administered near the time of challenge resulted in accelerated mortality. Significant resistance to infection was also afforded by exposure of mice to a retrovirally encoded endogenous superantigen. These data suggest that CD4+ V beta 8+ T cells play an important role in vivo in the initiation of a Th2 response to C. albicans and that suppression of their activity may alter the qualitative development of the T-cell response and the outcome of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puccetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mencacci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spaccapelo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cenci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tonnetti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bistoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D016747:Minor Lymphocyte Stimulatory Antigens / Q000494:pharmacology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D016747:Minor Lymphocyte Stimulatory Antigens; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal