title: Recent H3N2 swine influenza virus with haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes similar to 1975 human strains.
abstract: Of the four pandemic strains of human influenza A virus observed this century, the 1977 virus strain was very similar in all genes to a 1950 isolate. Since mammalian influenza A viruses change annually by genetic drift, this reappearance could only be attributed at that time to conservation of the virus in a frozen state. We report here the isolation of swine influenza A viruses with haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes which are virtually identical to those of the human virus that circulated in 1975. We have also found serological evidence that this virus is circulating extensively in Quebec swine herds. We propose that human-like H3N2 influenza A strains may remain invariant for long periods in swine, which may serve as a reservoir for human pandemics.
authors.affiliation: Section de virologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bikour
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deslandes
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Elazhary
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011792:Quebec; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; C048842:NP protein, Influenza A virus; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014758:Viral Core Proteins