title: Disposition of morphine and its 3- and 6-glucuronide metabolites during morphine infusion in the sheep.
abstract: A sheep preparation was used to examine the regional formation and extraction of morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), relative to the regional extraction of morphine, at four morphine dose rates. On separate occasions, four ewes received a 15-min loading infusion of morphine sulfate, followed by a constant infusion at 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg/hr for an additional 5.75 hr. During the 5th to 6th hr of infusion, blood samples were collected simultaneously from the aorta, pulmonary artery, hepatic vein, hepatic portal and renal veins, posterior vena cava, and coronary and sagittal sinuses. Urine was collected for 48 hr. Morphine, M3G, and M6G in plasma and urine were determined simultaneously by HPLC. The blood/plasma concentration ratio (lambda) for morphine, M3G, and M6G was determined in spiked "blank" blood. Steady-state plasma concentrations were achieved during the sampling period, and dose-normalized concentrations were independent of the infusion rate. There was significant (p < 0.05) extraction (mean +/- SD) of morphine by the liver (0.676 +/- 0.014) and kidney (0.602 +/- 0.039), net extraction of M3G (0.106 +/- 0.046) and M6G (0.104 +/- 0.030) by the kidney, and net formation of M3G (-0.057 +/- 0.017) by the gut. The mean lambda for morphine, M3G, and M6G was 1.25 +/- 0.17, 0.80 +/- 0.03, and 0.82 +/- 0.09, respectively. The mean total body clearance of morphine with respect to blood was 1.58 +/- 0.27 liters/min. Mean (+/-SD) percentage urinary recoveries as morphine, M3G, and M6G were 14.7 +/- 8.5, 75.4 +/- 11.1, and 0.49 +/- 0.39, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of South Australia, Adelaide.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Mather
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Nation
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Runciman
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rutten
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Somogyi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009020:Morphine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009022:Morphine Derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D009022:Morphine Derivatives; C035349:morphine-6-glucuronide; D009020:Morphine; C018108:morphine-3-glucuronide