title: Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 in seronegative volunteers immunized with recombinant gp120 from the MN strain of HIV-1. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the MN strain of recombinant gp120 (MN rgp120) as a vaccine prototype to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with subjects vaccinated at 0, 4, 24, and 48 weeks and followed up through 64 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Units in St Louis, Mo, Nashville, Tenn, and Rochester, NY, conducted the clinical study. Laboratory studies were conducted at Duke University, Raleigh, NC; data analysis was done by the Data Coordinating and Analysis Center at the EMMES Corporation, Potomac, Md.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven persons seronegative for HIV, at low risk for acquiring HIV infection, and 18 to 60 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MN rgp120 vaccine was administered to 12 volunteers each in doses of 100 micrograms, 300 micrograms, or 600 micrograms, and 12 volunteers received a combination of 300 micrograms of MN rgp120 vaccine and 300 micrograms of vaccine from rgp120 of strain IIIB. Nine volunteers received alum adjuvant alone (control).
  
  
  METHODS
  Safety was assessed by monitoring lymphocyte subsets, serum creatinine, and liver enzymes. Immunogenicity was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the immunogen and synthetic peptide corresponding to the variable region 3 domain of gp120. Functional antibody assays included CD4 binding blocking; antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity; and neutralization of homologous and heterologous HIV strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No severe adverse reactions occurred. In 33 of 48 volunteers, two doses of vaccine induced antibodies that neutralized the homologous strain HIV-1/MN. Three doses of vaccine induced antibodies that neutralized MN (in 46 of 48 volunteers), SF-2 (in 45 of 48 volunteers), or IIIB strains of HIV-1 (in 30 of 48 volunteers).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vaccines were safe and immunogenic. Multiple injections of vaccine broadened and increased the neutralizing antibody response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Belshe
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Keefer
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gorse
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weinhold
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bolognesi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sposto
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000915:Antibody Affinity; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins