title: Neuroendocrine gut neoplasms. Important lessons from uncommon tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our experiences in order to high-light some important lessons learned in the treatment of patients with neuroendocrine gut neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of case series of 70 patients with neuroendocrine gut neoplasms treated between 1983 and 1993. The clinical features of individual patients illustrate lessons in surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospitals with tertiary care referral practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main intervention was abdominal exploration in 43 patients, with resection of the primary tumor in 39 and of hepatic metastases in four.
  
  
  METHODS
  To describe the tumors seen and to identify major lessons learned.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 70 patients with neuroendocrine tumors treated, 31 had carcinoid tumors, 10 each had insulinomas and gastrinomas, five had vipomas, nine had non-functioning islet cell tumors, three had glucagonomas, and one each had somatostatinoma and a possible cholecystokinin-secreting tumor (or CCKoma). Important lessons learned include: (1) the importance of preoperative tumor localization; (2) in multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I syndrome, the tumor found may not be the one responsible for the patient's symptoms; (3) solitary sporadic tumors secreting multiple peptides may mimic multiple tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I syndrome; (4) one needs to be prepared for the unexpected, such as the carcinoid crisis; (5) resection may sometimes be necessary even with advanced local disease; and (6) selected patients may benefit from pancreaticoduodenectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These rare tumors are interesting in their clinical presentation and can be challenging in their treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California-San Francisco.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Debas
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mulvihill
mesh_terms: D007516:Adenoma, Islet Cell / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000601:surgery; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D015408:Gastrinoma / Q000601:surgery; D005935:Glucagonoma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009377:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia / Q000601:surgery; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013005:Somatostatinoma / Q000601:surgery; D003969:Vipoma / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D002766:Cholecystokinin