title: Arousal systems.
abstract: Recent advances in neural and behavioural pharmacology, and in intracellular recording suggest that arousal during the awake state may be regulated by multiple, interdependent neurotransmitter systems that originate in the brainstem or hypothalamus, and project to subcortical and cortical sites. We discuss efforts to determine the mechanisms by which these systems extent their effects, and the roles that they play in the control of arousal.
authors.affiliation: University of Oregon, Eugene.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Marrocco
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents