title: Helium-neon laser irradiation induces effects on cytokine production at the protein and the mRNA level.
abstract: The construction of an in vitro model allowed an investigation of the basic functions of immunocompetent cells after laser irradiation. Among low-energy laser sources, the helium-neon (He-Ne) laser, with a wavelength of 632.8 nm, has often been found to produce photobiological effects including evidence of interference with immunological functions. Previous experiments revealed an influence of He-Ne laser irradiation on concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in supernatants of cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with increased cytokine concentrations after irradiation of 18.9 J/cm2 and decreased concentrations after irradiation of 37.8 J/cm2. Now, the mechanisms involved were studied. Results showed that cytokine production of cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was altered significantly after laser irradiation but not after stimulation with staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). In situ hybridization of IFN-gamma mRNA producing PBMC revealed that the number of positive cells was modulated similarly. The results were identical in cultures of enriched monocytes (M phi) or enriched T cells. Cells of the human monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 were also influenced after LPS stimulation, whereas constitutively IL-2-producing Jurkat cells were not influenced by laser irradiation at any energy density. Analysis of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in PBMC showed partial down-regulation of both receptors at 37.8 J/cm2, but only after stimulation with PHA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Lübeck Medical School, FRG.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neustock
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kirchner
mesh_terms: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007834:Lasers; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008934:Mitogens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma