title: d-amphetamine conditioned place preference in developing mice: relations with changes in activity and stereotypies.
abstract: Conditioned place preference (CPP) with both visual and tactile cues, hyperactivity, and stereotypies produced by d-amphetamine (1-10 mg/kg ip, single dose) were studied in CD-1 mice at 2, 3, and 4 weeks from birth. CPP was shown from the youngest age onward in female mice and from 3 weeks in male mice. Hyperactivity was much more pronounced in postweanlings (3 and 4 weeks) than in preweanlings. Stereotypies (at 3.3 and 10 mg/kg) occurred from the youngest age and tended to peak at 3 weeks. Stereotypies may indicate a sickness experience or "poor welfare" (G.J. Mason, 1991; A. Wall, R.E. Hinson, E. Schmidt, C. Johnston, & A. Streather, 1990) due to an aversive component of amphetamine's action. Therefore, the delayed development of fully fledged amphetamine CPP, relative to cocaine CPP (G. Laviola, G. Dell'Omo, E. Alleva, & G. Bignami, 1992), may be due to an age-dependent diminution of the positive hedonic value of the former drug by negative effects that are minimal or absent in the case of the latter drug.
authors.affiliation: Section of Behavioral Pathophysiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laviola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dell'Omo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarotti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bignami
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D012931:Social Environment; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D014110:Touch / Q000187:drug effects; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003913:Dextroamphetamine