title: Subjective awareness of abnormal involuntary movements in schizophrenia.
abstract: A wide majority of schizophrenic patients with Tardive dyskinesia, a neurological disorder produced by chronic neuroleptic therapy, lack awareness of their involuntary movements. This by contrast to patients with Parkinsonism who usually are aware of their abnormal movements. In the following communication we present a series of studies which are aimed at providing further insight into the issue of awareness of involuntary movements in schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia. In addition, we investigated whether edentulosness, which may be a risk factor for orofacial dyskinesias in the elderly, is also a risk factor for neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesias. We found that: (a) one's awareness of involuntary movements is related to some but not all muscle groups, (b) tardive dyskinesia may be associated with a significant distress, (c) lack of awareness may be a feature of frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia, (d) patients who lack awareness of their involuntary movements have a higher prevalence of pineal calcification, and (e) edentulosness, which is related to deficits in the orofacial sensorimotor system, increases the risk for neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sandyk
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Awerbuch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001364:Awareness; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000473:pathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents