title: Cytotoxic studies of paclitaxel (Taxol) in human tumour cell lines.
abstract: The cytotoxicity of paclitaxel against eight human tumour cell lines has been studied with in vitro clonogenic assays. The fraction of surviving cells fell sharply after exposure for 24 h to paclitaxel concentrations ranging from 2 to 20 nM; the paclitaxel IC50 was found to range between 2.5 and 7.5 nM. Increasing the paclitaxel concentration above 50 nM, however, resulted in no additional cytotoxicity after a 24 h drug exposure. Cells incubated in very high concentrations of paclitaxel (10,000 nM) had an increase in survival compared with cells treated with lower concentrations of the drug. Prolonging the time of exposure of cells to paclitaxel from 24 to 72 h increased cytotoxicity from 5 to 200 fold in different cell lines. Exponentially growing cells were more sensitive to paclitaxel than were cells in the plateau phase of growth. Cremophor EL, the diluent in which the clinical preparation of paclitaxel is formulated, antagonised paclitaxel at concentrations of 0.135% (v/v). These data suggest that paclitaxel will be most effective clinically when there is prolonged exposure of tumour to the drug. Further, it appears that modest concentrations (i.e., 50 nM) should be as effective as higher concentrations of paclitaxel. Finally, we have noted that Cremophor EL is a biologically active diluent and, at high concentrations (0.135% v/v), can antagonise paclitaxel cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Liebmann
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lipschultz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teague
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000515:cremophor EL; D017239:Paclitaxel; D005990:Glycerol