Autologous stem cell transplantation: release of early and late acting growth factors relates with hematopoietic ablation and recovery.
We have monitored the serum concentrations of hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs; ie, stem cell factor [SCF], leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF], interleukin-3 [IL-3], IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) in 15 lymphoma/leukemia and 6 ovarian cancer patients undergoing autologous bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB) stem cell transplantation (SCT). Thus, the analysis was performed during and after high-dose chemotherapy (from day -6 to day -1), at the time of SCT (day 0), and thereafter (through day +17). Despite the heterogeneity of these patients and their conditioning regimens, a consistent kinetic pattern was observed for all analyzed cytokines. Particularly, (1) SCF serum concentration did not significantly fluctuate. (2) High levels of LIF (approximately 250 to 450 pg/mL) before chemotherapy rapidly declined to markedly lower concentrations (approximately 10 ng/mL) starting from day -1 through day +17; (3) conversely, IL-3 level was low before treatment, sharply increased during chemotherapy, and rapidly returned to base-line level after SCT. Hypothetically, the sharp LIF decrease and IL-3 increase during chemotherapy may underlie the induction of stem cell cycling and differentiation caused by hematopoietic ablation. Furthermore, (4) IL-6 concentration was low before and immediately after chemotherapy, but increased starting from day +5, peaked at day +6 through 9 and then declined to baseline level from day +10 onward; (5) a strictly similar pattern was consistently observed for both G-CSF and IL-8 levels, in agreement with our previous studies. It is relevant that peak IL-6, G-CSF, and IL-8 concentrations were directly correlated to peak neutrophil numbers in the recovery phase, thus suggesting an important role for these cytokines in granulocyte rescue; in line with this interpretation, hematologic patients undergoing PBSCT (10 of 15) exhibited higher peaks of IL-6, G-CSF, and IL-8 and a more pronounced increase of neutrophil/platelet number than did hematologic cases undergoing BMSCT (5 of 15). Altogether, these studies indicate a coordinate pattern of cytokine release during hematopoietic ablation/recovery after chemotherapy and autologous SCT, the fluctuations of LIF and IL-3 levels during chemotherapy are seemingly related to stem cell recruitment, whereas the post-SCT increase of IL-6, G-CSF, and IL-8 may underlie the neutrophil recovery.
Testa
U
U
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Martucci
R
R
Rutella
S
S
Scambia
G
G
Sica
S
S
Benedetti Panici
P
P
Pierelli
L
L
Menichella
G
G
Leone
G
G
Mancuso
S
S
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D010976:Platelet Count; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
D016207:Cytokines; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors