title: Metabolic control, food intake and mood during the menstrual cycle in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
abstract: The impact of menstruation on metabolic control was studied among 20 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM) and 20 healthy controls during two menstrual cycles. No systematic fluctuation in glycated protein, blood glucose levels, food intake, intake of mono- and disaccharides, body weight, or mood could be seen during different weeks in the menstrual cycle. A tendency towards menstruation-related variations in the number of insulin reactions and amount of extra injected insulin was observed in the patient group. Levels of glycated protein were significantly (P < 0.05) higher during the premenstruational than during the postmenstruational week, although the difference was small in absolute terms. A poorer mood during the premenstruation weeks (indicating premenstruation syndrome) was associated with a high number of hypoglycemic events (P < 0.01) and frequent changes in insulin doses (P < 0.01). Thus, taken as a group diabetic women do not experience great changes in food intake or metabolic control during the menstrual cycle. This does not exclude the possibility that a small proportion of women have major menstruation related difficulties in controlling their diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sundsvall Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lundman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asplund
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norberg
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008597:Menstrual Cycle
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin