title: Hypocomplementaemia and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in school urinary screening in Japan.
abstract: Yearly screening was performed from 1980 to 1985 in 92,934 school children in the first to ninth grades; a total of 370,148 urine specimens were evaluated. In 1980 and 1981, urinary abnormalities were detected in 0.23% of children examined; the detection rates at the third level of screening for proteinuria, haematuria and haematuria with proteinuria were 0.03%, 0.15% and 0.06%, respectively. The criteria for haematuria were changed from 6 to 20 red blood cells/high power field in the second screening after 1981. Between 1982 and 1985, the equivalent rates were 0.02%, 0.07% and 0.03%, respectively, and the total abnormality prevalence was 0.13%. In 19 children the serum C3 level was below 53 mg/dl; in 5 of these it was below 30 mg/dl. Of these 5 children, 4 underwent renal biopsy and were diagnosed as having membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iitaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000172:deficiency*; D005260:Female; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D006417:Hematuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003176:Complement C3