title: Mucosal immunity to infection with implications for vaccine development.
abstract: The induction of effective mucosal immunity that also provides systemic immunity is a considerable challenge. Over the past two years, efforts to develop novel mucosal vaccine delivery systems to induce mucosal immunity against bacterial and viral diseases, including HIV, have dramatically increased. Here we cite novel vaccines and delivery systems being used to establish effective mucosal immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-2170.
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Staats
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marinaro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyono
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McGhee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D007109:Immunity; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic