title: Nitrofurantoin modified release versus trimethoprim or co-trimoxazole in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in general practice.
abstract: A total of 538 patients from 45 different general practice centres across the UK was admitted to an open study and randomized to one of the following treatment groups: nitrofurantoin modified release (MR) 100 mg bd, trimethoprim 200 mg bd or co-trimoxazole 960 mg bd. Each patient received seven days of medication. Clinical cure, defined as relief from symptoms at visit 2, occurred in 87.2% of the patients treated with nitrofurantoin MR, 84.5% of the co-trimoxazole group and 86.5% of the trimethoprim group. The bacteriological cure rate for nitrofurantoin MR was comparable to co-trimoxazole at 82.3% and 83.2%, respectively, with trimethoprim the lowest at 76.8%. Whilst the cure rate for Escherichia coli infection was similar, 81.5% cured with nitrofurantoin MR, 82.5% with co-trimoxazole and 78.4% by trimethoprim, for non-E. coli pathogens nitrofurantoin MR was equivalent to co-trimoxazole with 86.7% cure but higher than trimethoprim at 72.0%. In-vitro sensitivity to all pathogens isolated at baseline was very high for nitrofurantoin at 96.1%, significantly higher than either co-trimoxazole or trimethoprim at 87.5% (P < 0.01). The test drugs were equally well tolerated with 28 patients (15.7%) reporting adverse events with nitrofurantoin MR, 28 (15.5%) with co-trimoxazole and 28 (15.6%) with trimethoprim. However, nitrofurantoin MR showed fewer patients with drug-related adverse events (5.6%) as judged by the investigator, compared to co-trimoxazole (8.8%) or trimethoprim (7.3%). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moseley
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Greensmith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009582:Nitrofurantoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D009582:Nitrofurantoin; D014295:Trimethoprim