title: Inter- and intra-observer variation in the amniotic fluid index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure inter- and intra-observer reliability in the amniotic fluid index (AFI).
  
  
  METHODS
  To measure inter-observer reliability, three observers measured the AFI at random in 32 patients without knowing each other's results. To determine intra-observer reliability, each investigator made repeated measurements on ten other patients. Patients at 26-41 weeks' gestation who were referred for an antenatal ultrasound examination were asked to participate. Intra-observer reliability and inter-observer reliability were expressed as intra-class correlation coefficients. Inter-observer agreement was also expressed as the kappa statistic after dichotomizing the AFI (less than 8 cm, 8 cm or more).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra-class correlation coefficient for intra-observer reliability exceeded 0.8, and for inter-observer reliability it was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.79), with an overall kappa of 0.44 (95% CI 0.22-0.65). The percentage disagreement between pairs of observers reached 22-28%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of AFI have good intra-observer and moderate inter-observer agreement. In clinical use, an AFI level near a cutoff value should be interpreted with caution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, C.M.C. Hospital, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peedicayil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mathai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aseelan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rekha
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jasper
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal