title: Misdiagnosed HIV infection in pregnant women: implications for clinical care.
abstract: Out of nearly 900 women in a research study of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnancy, 8 were subsequently found not to be infected. Misdiagnoses could have resulted from (a) laboratory errors or specimen mixups; (b) failure to follow the testing algorithm recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to confirm results; (c) women perceiving they were infected by high-risk behavior in the absence of testing, despite the receipt of negative test results, or based on screening results only; or (d) factitious disorder, HIV Munchausen syndrome, or malingering. Because of the potentially devastating impact of an HIV diagnosis and the toxicity of HIV therapies, health care providers should obtain independent confirmation of the diagnosis before initiating treatment or followup for HIV based on patient report or provider referral. Quality test interpretation and counseling must be ensured. Therapeutic interventions may be indicated for persons intentionally and falsely presenting themselves as HIV-infected.
authors.affiliation: Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sheon
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moroso
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moye
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Acosta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005162:Factitious Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008306:Malingering / Q000175:diagnosis; D009110:Munchausen Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior