title: Risk of aluminum accumulation in patients with burns and ways to reduce it.
abstract: Severely burned patients experience a bone lesion consisting of markedly reduced bone formation and evidence of decreased resportion. The cause of the lesion may be multifactorial, but aluminum loading, which also occurs in patients with burns, has been documented to produce this type of injury in both humans and animals. To assess the risk of aluminum loading with patients with burns, we analyzed fluids, creams, and medication used in the management of acute burn injury for aluminum content. These substances were classified according to route of administration: cutaneous, enteral, or parenteral, to assess the risk of aluminum loading. Cutaneous exposure to aluminum is greatest from baths, which may provide up to 8 mg aluminum. However, the dynamics of aluminum entry into the blood via a damaged skin barrier are unclear. Enteral exposure to aluminum is no greater than daily dietary exposure. Parenteral sources of aluminum, especially 25% human serum albumin and calcium gluconate, provide the most significant risk of loading because of direct introduction of aluminum into the circulation. Substitution with a different brand of albumin and calcium chloride can reduce the parenteral aluminum load by as much as 95% and minimize any role aluminum may play in the pathogenesis of this bone lesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0352.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Rutan
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Alfrey
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000535:Aluminum / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D002056:Burns / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D002125:Calcium Gluconate / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008272:Mafenide / Q000737:chemistry; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D009824:Ointments / Q000737:chemistry; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009824:Ointments; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014867:Water; D008272:Mafenide; D000535:Aluminum; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D002125:Calcium Gluconate