title: Hypertrophic stimuli induce transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression in rat ventricular myocytes.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a peptide growth factor that may play a role in the myocardial response to hypertrophic stimuli. However, the cellular distribution, mechanism of induction, and source of increased TGF-beta 1 in response to hypertrophic stimuli are not known. We tested the hypothesis that the cardiac myocyte responds to hypertrophic stimuli with the increased expression of TGF-beta 1. In adult rat ventricular myocardium freshly dissociated into myocyte and nonmyocyte cellular fractions, the preponderance of TGF-beta 1 mRNA visualized by Northern hybridization was in the nonmyocyte fraction. Abdominal aortic constriction (7 d) and subcutaneous norepinephrine infusion (36 h) each caused ventricular hypertrophy associated with 3.1-fold and 3.8-fold increases, respectively, in TGF-beta 1 mRNA in the myocyte fraction, but had no effect on the level of TGF-beta 1 mRNA in the nonmyocyte fraction. In ventricular myocytes, norepinephrine likewise caused a 4.1-fold increase in TGF-beta 1 mRNA associated with an increase in TGF-beta bioactivity. This induction of TGF-beta 1 mRNA occurred at norepinephrine concentrations as low as 1 nM and was blocked by prazosin, but not propranolol. NE did not increase the TGF-beta 1 mRNA level in nonmyocytes, primarily fibroblasts, cultured from neonatal rat ventricle. Thus, the cardiac myocyte responds to two hypertrophic stimuli, pressure overload and norepinephrine, with the induction of TGF-beta 1. These data support the view that TGF-beta 1, released by myocytes and acting in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner, is involved in myocardial remodeling by hypertrophic stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calderone
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mäki
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Colucci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D011433:Propranolol; D009638:Norepinephrine; D011224:Prazosin