title: Complex modulation of cytokine induction by endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor from peritoneal macrophages of rats by diets containing fats of different saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition.
abstract: 1. Responses to cytokines and other inflammatory stimuli have been shown to be enhanced by fats rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and suppressed by fats rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid or poor in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 2. Corn oil is rich and coconut oil, olive oil and butter are poor in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Olive oil and butter are rich in oleic acid. Fish oil is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 3. The present study examines the effects of feeding standard chow or corn, coconut, fish and olive oils and butter for 4 and 8 weeks on subsequent cytokine production by peritoneal macrophages of rats. 4. Tumour necrosis factor production in response to a lipopolysaccharide stimulus and interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 production in response to a tumour necrosis factor challenge were studied. 5. All fats produced a small, but statistically insignificant, reduction in tumour necrosis factor production, which was greatest for olive oil at 8 weeks. 6. After 4 weeks, fish and olive oil significantly reduced interleukin-1 production. After 8 weeks, coconut oil suppressed production of the cytokine, and the inhibitory effect of fish oil was still apparent. After 8 weeks, corn and olive oil enhanced interleukin-1 production. 7. After 4 weeks of feeding, fish and olive oil enhanced interleukin-6 production. After 8 weeks, the enhancement by these fats increased, and corn oil and butter also enhanced production. Coconut oil produced no modulatory effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, U.K.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tappia
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Grimble
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002079:Butter; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D003059:Cocos; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004731:Endotoxins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003314:Corn Oil; D002079:Butter; D000074263:Coconut Oil