title: Effects of positive and negative music on performance of a karate drill.
abstract: Although athletes frequently report using music while training or before an event, laboratory studies have not detected a beneficial effect, so the influence of positive and negative music on performance of a selected karate drill was investigated in this double-blind study using 14 volunteers from two Shotokan karate schools. Each subject performed a preselected drill three times following positive and negative music and white noise in a random order. Performance of the drill was rated on a 7-item, 5-point scale by 2 rates. Differences among conditions were assessed via a with-in-subject t test for paired scores. The subjects' self-evaluation of their performance was also examined. Enhancement of performance for both types of music over white noise was significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carbonneau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chambliss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music