title: Comparison of two software programs to be used for the calculation of population pharmacokinetic parameters.
abstract: The pharmacokinetic parameters of apomorphine, a potent dopamine agonist, were calculated after subcutaneous and intranasal administration. Two available software packages for TDM were used (USC*PACK and MW/PHARM). The findings for the calculated parameters Kel, Vslope, Ka and bioavailability were compared. Although small, sometimes significant differences were found, the NPEM program from the USC*PACK collection provides most information about the population under investigation. We found a median Vslope of 1.7408 +/- 0.8461 (S.D.) 1/kg, and a mean Kel of 1.5341 +/- 0.3748 h-1. The absorption after intranasal administration was extremely rapid: Ka = 20.5 +/- 1.96 h-1, comparable with that found with subcutaneous absorption: Ka = 23.04 +/- 2.20 h-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neef
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jelliffe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Laar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loohuis
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Essink
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Janssen
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D012984:Software; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D001058:Apomorphine