title: Reduction in toxicity for red blood cells in buffered solutions containing high concentrations of 2,3-butanediol by trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol, or mannitol.
abstract: Erythrocytes were stored at 4 degrees C in solutions of phosphate-buffered saline containing 2,3-butanediol and 4% (w/w) trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol, or mannitol. The 2,3-butanediol contained 96.7% (w/w) racemic mixture of the levo and dextro isomers and only 3.1% (w/w) of the meso isomer (2,3-butanediol 97% dl). The concentrations of 2,3-butanediol were 30 and 35% (w/w). A solution of 30% 2,3-butanediol showed relatively low toxicity. Hemolysis was only 2% after 5 h, but increased to 6% after 21 h and reached 60% after 46 h. Adding 4% (w/w) of one of the above compounds drastically decreased the toxicity. The two most efficient were the sugars trehalose and sucrose. With 30% 2,3-butanediol and 4% of any of the four compounds, hemolysis was about 0.6% after 2 days of storage. Furthermore, with trehalose or sucrose, hemolysis remained below 3% for 1 month. With sorbitol or mannitol, hemolysis slowly increased to 2% after 7 days and then increased rapidly. Even with 35% 2,3-butanediol, solutions containing trehalose or sucrose showed low toxicity. Hemolysis was also measured after redilution to buffered solution without 2,3-butanediol and without the additive, to mimic perfusion of organs with cryoprotectants and washing. Minima of hemolysis were observed after a few days of storage. The present solutions also have high glass-forming tendencies. They could be of great interest for organ vitrification.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Louis Néel, C.N.R.S., Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boutron
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Peyridieu
mesh_terms: D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000633:toxicity; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008353:Mannitol; D012996:Solutions; D013012:Sorbitol; D013395:Sucrose; D013997:Time Factors; D014199:Trehalose
chemical_list: D002072:Butylene Glycols; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D012996:Solutions; D008353:Mannitol; C026978:2,3-butylene glycol; D013012:Sorbitol; D013395:Sucrose; D014199:Trehalose