title: Molecular determinants of dysplasia in colorectal lesions.
abstract: One hallmark of malignant potential is dysplasia, the disruption of normal morphology. While it is generally recognized that cancer is the result of a series of genetic changes, the relationship of these alterations and their timing to the advent of dysplasia remains obscure. To address this issue, 54 small benign colorectal lesions of various malignant potential were analyzed for APC and K-RAS mutations, two alterations which have been implicated in the early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis. APC mutations were closely associated with dysplasia. In contrast, K-RAS mutations were found to be remarkably common in small nondysplastic lesions which apparently have a limited potential to progress to larger tumors. These results provide evidence that the nature and order of genetic changes can have a specific impact on both tumor morphology (e.g., dysplasia) and the likelihood of tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jen
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vogelstein
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kinzler
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D017491:Genes, APC / Q000235:genetics*; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon