title: Impact of age and sex on survival after curative resection for carcinoma of the esophagus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of age and sex-related changes in the endogenous hormonal milieu on survival after curative resection for esophageal epithelial cancer is explored. Adami et al. have suggested that the event of puberty has a favorable impact on survival after treatment of epithelial cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The database consisted of 469 patients with esophageal cancer treated surgically with an intent to cure (without any gross residual disease at the end of the primary treatment) at Tata Memorial Hospital between 1980 and 1989.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Life-stable analysis revealed a significantly better 5-year survival for women younger than 49 years (35%, CI 24-48) compared with men of the same age (16%, CI 8-27) (P < 0.008). There was no difference in survival between men (17%, CI 12-23) and women (26%, CI 16-37) older than 49 years (P = 0.08). A Cox proportional hazard model showed sex to be the second most significant determinant of survival (P = 0.002) after lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding that the survival benefit is confined to women younger than 49 years is consistent with the hypothesis that the endocrine milieu in premenopausal women may prevent the establishment of micrometastases and thus improve the prognosis for esophageal epithelial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Bombay, India.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Badwe
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bhansali
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mistry
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Juvekar
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000502:physiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis