title: Ultrasonographic predictors of implantation after assisted reproduction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the utility of endometrial thickness, echogenic endometrial pattern, and uterine artery impedance measured as pulsativity index in predicting implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-controlled study of infertile patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred five women undergoing ARTs were studied: 100 women after ET of thawed embryos in natural cycles (frozen ET), 107 women after standardized IVF-ET, 99 women receiving donor oocytes after controlled endometrial development with estrogen and P, and 99 women undergoing IUI with various ovarian stimulation regimens (none, 16; GnRH, 7; clomiphene citrate [CC], 29; hMG, 47).
  
  
  METHODS
  Transvaginal ultrasonographic examination performed on the day of hCG administration during stimulated cycles; on E2 day 15 during controlled endometrial cycles; and on the day of ovulation during natural, CC, and GnRH pump cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The endometrial thickness, echogenic pattern, and pulsativity index results in 170 conception cycles were compared with 235 nonconception cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When conception and nonconception cycles were compared, no difference in mean endometrial thickness and significant differences in the frequency of nonmultilayered pattern and pulsativity index > 3.3 were observed. Forty-seven percent of nonconception and 9% of conception cycles were associated with at least one of these factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonic measurements of pulsativity index, resistance index, and echogenic pattern are useful in predicting implantation after assisted reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Genetics & IVF Institute, Fairfax, Virginia 22031.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Coulam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bustillo
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Soenksen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Britten
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D018587:Oocyte Donation; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*