title: Cigarette smoke increases bupivacaine metabolism in rats.
abstract: This study was designed to document possible changes in bupivacaine kinetics in rats after exposure to cigarette smoke. Rats (n = 15) were exposed to cigarette smoke (Borgwaldt type Hamburg II) for ten minutes per day during four days (C) or eight days (B); controls (A) were used simultaneously without exposure to cigarette smoke. After bupivacaine 20 mg.kg-1 ip at day 4 (C) or day 8 (B), blood was sampled (0.5 ml of blood collected by puncture at the retro-orbital sinus 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after administration) and bupivacaine and its main metabolite i.e., desbutylbupivacaine (PPX) were determined by gas liquid chromatography. The sensitivity of the method was 15 ng.ml-1 and the reproductibility was < 6%. Serum bupivacaine concentrations were plotted against time and the pharmacokinetic variables were determined assuming a two compartment open model: Cmax, Tmax were derived directly from individual data. The beta phase elimination half-lives (T1/2 beta), the area under the serum concentration curve (AUC0 infinity), the total plasma clearance (Cl) and the total volume of distribution (Vd) were calculated. These variables were assessed according to non-linear fitting method. Cigarette smoking exposure did not change the pharmacokinetic variables of bupivacaine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bruguerolle
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Attolini
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Roucoules
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lorec
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006207:Half-Life; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012906:Smoke; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; C025149:2',6'-pipecoloxylidide; D002045:Bupivacaine