title: Effect of NMDA antagonists on rapid and chronic tolerance to ethanol: importance of intoxicated practice.
abstract: Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that NMDA antagonists ((+)MK-801 and ketamine) inhibit the development of both rapid and chronic tolerance to the motor-impairing (moving belt test) and hypothermic effects of ethanol. The present experiments were designed to determine a) the generality of this inhibition, by using a different test of motor function, the tilt-plane test, and b) the possible importance of the experimental paradigm (i.e., with and without intoxicated practice), for the effect of the NMDA antagonist on ethanol tolerance. Daily administration of ethanol 3.3 g/kg for 5 days produced the same degree of tolerance on this test, whether it was given as a single dose of 3.3 g/kg before the daily training session or as divided doses of 2.3 g/kg before and 1 g/kg immediately after the session. The inhibitory effect of a single dose of (+)MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg IP) on rapid tolerance did not last longer than 1 day. Therefore, daily administration of the NMDA antagonists was necessary to block development of chronic tolerance. Daily injection of (+)MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg IP) failed to block chronic tolerance, but inclusion of a second dose of (+)MK-801 daily, and progressive increase of this second dose during the chronic treatment period did block chronic tolerance. Unlike (+)MK-801, ketamine does not have motor-impairing effects of its own, and does not potentiate those of ethanol; it was, therefore, used in the remaining experiments. Groups of rats received ethanol (3.3 g/kg) or saline, either before a daily practice session on the tilt-plane or after it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Morato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D007649:Ketamine; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate