title: The roles of GABAergic and glycinergic inhibition on binaural processing in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the mustache bat.
abstract: 1. We studied the monaural and binaural response properties of 99 neurons in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) of the mustache bat before and during the iontophoretic application of antagonists that blocked gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors (bicuculline) or glycine receptors (strychnine). All cells were driven by monaural stimulation of the contralateral ear, whereas monaural stimulation of the ipsilateral ear never evoked discharges. The binaural properties of 81 neurons were determined by holding the intensity constant at the contralateral ear and presenting a variety of intensities to the ipsilateral ear. This procedure generated interaural intensity disparity (IID) functions and allowed us to determine the effect of ipsilaterally evoked inhibition on a constant excitatory drive evoked by the contralateral ear. 2. One of the main findings is that the IID functions in the majority of DNLL neurons were not affected by application of either strychnine or bicuculline. Blocking glycinergic inhibition with strychnine had no effect on the IID functions in 75% of the cells studied. However, strychnine did change the IID functions in approximately 25% of the DNLL population. In those cells glycinergic inhibition appeared to be partially, or, in a few cases, entirely responsible for the ipsilaterally evoked spike suppression. In contrast, blocking GABAergic inhibition with bicuculline had no discernible effect on the ipsilaterally evoked spike suppression in any of the excitatory/inhibitory cells that we recorded. GABAergic inhibition, therefore, plays no role in the formation of IID functions of neurons in the DNLL. Furthermore, the results suggest that glycinergic inhibition also does not contribute to the suppression of spikes evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear in the vast majority of DNLL neurons. 3. Although the majority of IID functions were not influenced when either GABAergic or glycinergic innervation was blocked, ipsilateral stimulation alone evoked both a glycinergic and GABAergic inhibition in most DNLL cells. These inhibitory events were demonstrated in 18 other cells by evoking discharges with the iontophoretic application of glutamate. Stimulating the ipsilateral ear alone under these conditions caused a suppression of the glutamate-evoked discharges. Furthermore, the spike suppression persisted for a period of time that was longer than the duration of the tone burst at the ipsilateral ear. 4. The application of bicuculline or strychnine had different effects on the glutamate-elicited spikes. Bicuculline reduced the duration of the inhibition, and it was always the latter portion of the inhibition that was abolished by bicuculline. In more than half of the cells studied strychnine also reduced the duration of the inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Texas at Austin 78712.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pollak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000502:physiology*; D004007:Dichotic Listening Tests; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004455:Echolocation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007245:Inferior Colliculi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008144:Loudness Perception / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009949:Orientation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011149:Pons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018009:Receptors, Glycine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013017:Sound Localization / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013331:Strychnine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D018009:Receptors, Glycine; D013331:Strychnine; D001640:Bicuculline