title: A novel dimeric fluoropyrimidine molecule behaves as a remote precursor of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in human erythrocytes.
abstract: A new dimeric fluoropyrimidine molecule (5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridilyl-(5'-->3')-5-fluoro-2'-deoxy-5'-uridylic acid, Compound 1) was chemically synthesized from two separately deblocked 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine mononucleotide moieties. Other structurally related nucleotides, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-diphosphate (FdUDP), 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (FdUTP) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-3',5'-bisphosphate were also synthesized. The structures of all synthesized molecules were verified by mass spectrometric analyses and were consistent with expected molecular mass values. The metabolic patterns of conversion of Compound 1 were investigated both in human erythrocyte lysates and in intact erythrocytes previously loaded with this molecule according to a highly conservative encapsulation procedure. In hemolysates, Compound 1 was transformed to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR) and to 5-fluorouracil (FU) through the intermediate formation of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP). In intact red cells, Compound 1 still generated FUdR (and to a lesser extent FU), that was then released outside. The conversion pathway involves a phosphodiesterase-catalysed hydrolysis of Compound 1 into two FdUMP molecules, followed by further dephosphorylation to FUdR and by partial conversion to FU. Unlike hemolysates, Compound 1-loaded intact erythrocytes featured transient formation of FdUDP and FdUTP, both metabolites representing storage compounds for the final and sustained production of FUdR and FU. Therefore, human erythrocytes can behave as bioreactors ensuring the time-controlled production and delivery of the two powerful antitumor drugs FUdR and FU from encapsulated Compound 1. This new molecule and other compounds as well (e.g. FdUDP and FdUTP) can be viewed as useful pre-prodrugs, exploitable for intraerythrocytic bioconversion reactions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giovine
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Damonte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tonetti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grandi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzei
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balbi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Silvestro
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Benatti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Flora
mesh_terms: D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005467:Floxuridine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005468:Fluorodeoxyuridylate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011355:Prodrugs; D011743:Pyrimidines; D005467:Floxuridine; D005468:Fluorodeoxyuridylate; C029269:5-fluoropyrimidine