title: Delineation of extended lengths of coronary arteries by multiplane transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of multiplane transesophageal echocardiography in assessing the coronary artery tree.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Evaluation of coronary disease with single-plane and biplane transesophageal echocardiography is limited to the very proximal vessels. The numerous views provided by multiplane imaging may enhance visualization of coronary arteries and detection of their abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraoperative multiplane transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 45 consecutive adults who had recently undergone angiography. Recordings were reviewed in blinded manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe the coronary segments visualized with the different imaging planes and define new views. The left main coronary artery with its bifurcation was visualized in all 45 patients. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of coronary narrowings were 100% when results were compared with angiographic data. Visualization of proximal, mid and distal segments of the left anterior descending coronary artery was possible in 69%, 31% and 16% of patients, respectively. Among patients in whom the proximal segment was visualized, sensitivity and specificity for detection of significant narrowings were 80% and 100%. Proximal, mid and distal portions of the left circumflex coronary artery were visualized in 80%, 51% and 20% of patients. Among patients in whom the proximal portion was well seen, sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 100%. The proximal, mid and distal portions of the right coronary artery were visualized in 84%, 16% and 11% of patients. Among patients in whom the proximal segment was visualized, sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 100%. Color Doppler examination was less useful because it detected only 52% of all patients with proximal stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiplane transesophageal echocardiography allows enhanced visualization of extended lengths of coronary arteries and the reliable identification of coronary artery abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Imaging and Hemodynamic Laboratory, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tardif
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vannan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Pandian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity