title: Thymopentin increases the survival of mice after allogeneic blood transfusion, bacterial gavage, and burn injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of blood transfusion on mortality and the incidence of bacterial translocation in mice subjected to thermal burn or bacterial gavage, or both, and to assess the influence of thymopentin on mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomly controlled experiments.
  
  
  METHODS
  University departments of surgery, immunology and nuclear medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  235 Balb/c (H-2d) and C3H/HeJ (H-2k) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 groups of 20 mice each received: saline infusion (controls), blood transfusion (BT) alone, 20% burn alone, gavage with 1 x 10(10) Escherichia coli alone, BT and gavage, BT and burn, burn and gavage, or BT, burn, and gavage. A further 3 groups of 10 mice were all gavaged with 111In-biotin labelled E coli and randomised to additional BT and burn, BT alone, or burn alone. 98 mice that had had BT, burn, and gavage, were then randomised to receive thymopentin 0, 0.1, 1, or 5 mg/kg/day for 15 days. The impact of the pretreatment with thymopentin on PGE2 concentration was also evaluated in a separate group of 45 mice that received BT, burn, and gavage; or burn and gavage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival, degree of translocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest mortality (75%) was in the BT, burn, and gavage group. BT alone significantly reduced survival in burned mice, whereas BT alone or associated with gavage had no effect. Thermal injury had the most influence on bacterial translocation, whereas BT did not increase it. Thymopentin significantly improved survival, particularly in the higher doses. The pretreatment with thymopentin significantly reduced PGE2 concentration after BT, burn and gavage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Burn injury significantly increased mortality in the presence of immune deficiency caused by BT. Thymopentin reduced mortality, possibly by immunomodulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Scientific Institute S. Raffaele Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Francesco
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gianotti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vignali
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Socci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fortis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paganelli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002056:Burns / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D016305:Thymopentin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016305:Thymopentin