title: Treatment of children with stages II to IV anaplastic Wilms' tumor: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of the combination of vincristine, dactinomycin, and doxorubicin with (regimen J) or without (regimen DD-RT) cyclophosphamide on the relapse-free survival of children with stages II to IV Wilms' tumor and focal or diffuse anaplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinical courses of all randomized patients from National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS)-3 and NWTS-4 with stages II to IV anaplastic Wilms' tumor, and determined the 4-year relapse-free survival rate separately for those with focal or diffuse anaplasia. Anaplasia was evaluated using newly developed topographic definitions for focal and diffuse anaplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 4-year relapse-free survival rate for five children with focal anaplasia who received regimen DD-RT was 80.0%, compared with 100.0% for eight children who received regimen J (P = .68). The 4-year relapse-free survival rate for 29 children with diffuse anaplasia treated with regimen DD-RT was 27.2%, compared with 54.8% for 30 children treated with regimen J (P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that children with focal anaplasia have an excellent prognosis when treated with vincristine, doxorubicin, and dactinomycin. The addition of cyclophosphamide to the three-drug treatment regimen improved the 4-year relapse-free survival rate of children with stage II to IV diffuse anaplasia. This result suggests that further intensification of the treatment regimen for children with diffuse anaplasia may result in an additional improvement in prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo 14263.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Beckwith
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Breslow
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moksness
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Finklestein
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grundy
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shochat
mesh_terms: D000708:Anaplasia; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D014481:United States; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy
chemical_list: D003609:Dactinomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide