title: Clonidine decreases the dose of thiamylal required to induce anesthesia in children.
abstract: Clonidine is a useful drug to give preoperatively because it produces anxiolysis, sedation, and hemodynamic stability, and reduces intravenous and volatile anesthetic requirements. Several premedicants, including midazolam and diazepam, have been shown to reduce the induction dose of intravenous anesthetics, such as thiopental, ketamine, or propofol. A randomized, double-blind controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effect of premedication with oral clonidine on thiamylal requirement for the induction of anesthesia and on associated hemodynamic changes in children. Sixty children (ASA grades I-II, 7-12 yr old) were assigned randomly to receive one of three treatments (n = 20, for each group): placebo (control), clonidine 2 micrograms/kg, or clonidine 4 micrograms/kg 105 min before the induction of anesthesia. Thiamylal was injected at a dose of 1 mg/kg every 15 s until loss of the eyelash reflex and the dose was recorded. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and arterial oxygen saturation were recorded every minute from the beginning of injection of thiamylal for 5 min. Significant decreases in thiamylal dose were observed in patients receiving clonidine. The induction dose of thiamylal (mean +/- SD) was 5.4 +/- 0.9, 4.5 +/- 1.1, and 3.4 +/- 0.9 mg/kg for patients receiving placebo, clonidine 2 micrograms/kg, and clonidine 4 micrograms/kg, respectively (P < 0.05). Systolic BP decreased by 6.8%, 5.6%, and 6.6% and HR increased by 5.7%, 4.8%, and 4.1% after administration of thiamylal in the control (placebo) group and the clonidine 2 micrograms/kg and clonidine 4 micrograms/kg groups, respectively (P > 0.05). Premedication with oral clonidine reduced the dose of intravenous thiamylal required for the induction of anesthesia in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obara
mesh_terms: D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D013840:Thiamylal / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D013840:Thiamylal; D003000:Clonidine