title: Magnesium sulfate versus phenytoin for seizure prevention in amygdala-kindled rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Magnesium sulfate is widely used for seizure prophylaxis in preeclampsia-eclampsia. However, its anticonvulsant effects in other types of seizures have not been proved. Diphenylhydantoin has been widely characterized as the "gold standard" of anticonvulsants. In this study we compared the anticonvulsant effects of therapeutic blood levels of magnesium sulfate and phenytoin in seizures generated in amygdala-kindled rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen male rats had a bipolar electrode stereotaxically implanted into the central nucleus of the amygdala. After recovery an electrical seizure threshold was determined for each rat. Rats were stimulated twice daily at their seizure thresholds (i.e., kindling) until three consecutive generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred. Kindled rats randomly received one of the following intravenous injections in a volume of 1.5 ml/kg: saline solution, magnesium sulfate (30, 60, or 90 mg/kg), or phenytoin (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg). Fifteen minutes after injection rats were stimulated at their seizure thresholds, and electrical and behavioral seizure activity was assessed. Statistical comparisons were made by analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons when appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Magnesium sulfate had no effect on any of the seizure parameters assessed. Phenytoin significantly reduced seizure duration (p < 0.01), duration of postictal depression (p < 0.01), and behavioral seizure stage (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amygdala-kindled seizures are more potently inhibited by phenytoin than by magnesium sulfate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Standley
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Irtenkauf
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Cotton
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010672:Phenytoin; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate