title: Stereotactic pallidotomy results for Parkinson's exceed those of fetal graft.
abstract: Fetal graft research and renewed interest in Leksell's postero-ventral pallidotomy (PVP) stimulated reconsideration of surgical therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly with regard to improving akinetic symptoms previously thought resistant to surgical lesions. Review of our series and other published results of PVP and fetal graft show that PVP has beneficial effects on both akinetic and hyperkinetic symptoms that better the results reported for fetal graft implantation and other conventional stereotactics. Presented are the results of 60 consecutive patients, 55 of whom underwent PVP, and 5 who underwent fetal graft implantation. Using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), we found that PVP gave significant (P < 0.05) reductions in akinetic symptomatology including freezing, arising from a chair, posture, gait, postural instability, and bradykinesia. Fetal graft patients had significant reductions in two akinetic symptoms: bradykinesia and postural instability. PVP's dramatic therapeutic effects on akinesia may be explained by interruption of amplified collateral inhibitory output from the pallidum to brain stem locomotor centers such as the pedunculopontine nucleus, whereas interruption of collaterals to ventral lateral thalamus by PVP may account for the elimination of hyperkinesia. The excellent results of PVP represent a significant advance in the surgical treatment of PD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, California.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Iacono
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Lonser
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mandybur
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Morenski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shima
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation; D005684:Gait; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011187:Posture; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome