title: The virtual absence of stress-ulceration related bleeding in ICU patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation without any prophylaxis. A prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence of stress-ulcer related bleeding in ICU patients receiving prolonged (> 2 days) mechanical ventilation without any stress ulceration prophylaxis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study in 183 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients received clinical treatment including maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion (with low dose inotropes and vasodilators), infection prevention (by selective decontamination of the digestive tract) throughout ICU stay and suppression of generalized inflammatory reaction (by steroids).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical/surgical ICU of a major teaching hospital in Amsterdam (Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  167 patients were evaluated during 2182 treatment days in the ICU and during 1753 days on mechanical ventilation without stress ulceration prophylaxis. The mean total risk score for stress ulceration related bleeding was 38 (Tryba score). Stress ulceration related bleeding developed in 1 patient (0.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of SURB was less then 1% in this cohort of ICU patients receiving longterm mechanical ventilation with a high risk for SURB (mean total risk score 38). All patients received agressive shock resuscitation, infection prevention with selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) and suppression of inflammatory response with steroids. Further studies are needed to evaluate the contribution of each of these elements of the integral approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Zandstra
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Stoutenbeek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003422:Critical Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control