title: Effect of interferon gamma on infection-related death in patients with severe injuries. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of interferon gamma in reducing infection and death in patients sustaining severe injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with observation for 60 days and until discharge for patients with major infection on day 60.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine university-affiliated level 1 trauma centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred sixteen patients with severe injuries, assessed by Injury Severity Score and degree of contamination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant human interferon gamma, 100 micrograms, was administered subcutaneously once daily for 21 days (or until patient discharge if prior to 21 days) as an adjunct to standard antibiotic and supportive therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of major infection, death related to infection, and death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infection rates were similar in both treatment groups; however, patients treated with interferon gamma experienced fewer deaths related to infection (seven [3%] vs 18 [9%]; P = .008) and fewer overall deaths (21 [10%] vs 30 [14%]; P = .17). While 12 early deaths (days 1 through 7) occurred in each treatment group, late death occurred in 18 placebo-treated patients and nine in interferon gamma-treated patients. The results were dominated by findings at one center, which had the highest enrollment and higher infection and death rates. Statistical analysis did not eliminate the possibility of an unidentified imbalance between arms as an explanation for the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further evaluation is required to determine the validity of the observed reduction in infection-related deaths in patients treated with interferon gamma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Shock Trauma Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dries
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jurkovich
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Clemmer
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Struve
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Weigelt
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma