title: Intra-articular morphine after arthroscopic knee operation.
abstract: Reports on pain relief with intra-articular morphine after arthroscopic knee operation are conflicting. To assess the long-term antinociceptive effect of intraarticular morphine, we studied pain at rest, pain on standing and ability to walk for 7 days after intraarticular injection of bupivacaine 100 mg (group 1, n = 11), bupivacaine 100 mg and morphine 1 mg (group 2, n = 10) and bupivacaine 100 mg and morphine 3 mg (group 3, n = 10) at the end of operation. Pain and walking were assessed by visual analogue and walking scales, respectively. Pain was treated with morphine i.v. in the recovery room and Tylenol No. 3 after discharge. Assessments were made before operation, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after injection and on days 1-7 after operation. There were significant differences between the groups in pain scores (pain at rest, P < 0.05; pain on standing, P < 0.01). The pain scores in group 3 were lower than those in group 1. The differences in pain scores at rest were significant at 12 h and on day 1 after operation and differences in pain scores on standing were significant at 12 h and on days 1 and 2 after operation. The scores in group 2 were intermediate between those in groups 1 and 3. The walking scores in group 3 were significantly better than those in group 1 at 12 h. The amount of analgesics received in groups 2 and 3 was significantly less than that in group 1 until day 3 after operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Tillet
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsueda
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Loyd
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yli-Hankala
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine