title: Possible antiestrogenic properties of chloro-s-triazines in rat uterus.
abstract: Several published reports have indicated that certain chloro-s-triazine herbicides may alter endocrine function in rats, possibly by androgen receptor binding. In direct tests of estrogenic bioactivity, oral doses of up to 300 mg/kg/d of atrazine, simazine, or the common metabolite diaminochlorotriazine (DACT) did not significantly increase uterine weight of ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats. The highest dose, which was approximately 10% of the LD50 for these compounds, did cause body weight loss. When administered concomitantly with sc injections of estradiol (2 micrograms/kg), 300 mg/kg of orally administered chlorotriazines significantly reduced uterine weight in comparison to animals given estrogen alone. Neither atrazine, simazine, nor DACT, at oral doses up to 300 mg/kg/d, stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into uterine DNA of immature Sprague-Dawley female rats. However, oral treatment at doses of 50 mg/kg and higher significantly reduced thymidine incorporation into uterine DNA extracted from immature rats given a single injection of 0.15 microgram estradiol. Oral doses of 300 mg/kg of atrazine, simazine, or DACT significantly reduced expression of progesterone receptor binding in cytosol fractions prepared from uteri of ovariectomized rats injected sc with 1 microgram estradiol; 50 mg/kg triazine was not effective in this case. Uterine progesterone receptor levels were not stimulated in rats given oral doses up to 300 mg/kg of these triazines without estradiol injections. These results suggest that atrazine, simazine, and DACT possess no intrinsic estrogenic activity but that they are capable of weak inhibition of estrogen-stimulated responses in the rat uterus. This inhibition may play a role in the previously observed disruptive actions of chlorotriazines on reproductive endocrine function of female rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tennant
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eldridge
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Wetzel
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Breckenridge
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012839:Simazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D001280:Atrazine; D012839:Simazine