title: Ventral medullary surface activity during sleep, waking, and anesthetic states in the goat.
abstract: We examined activity, measured as changes in reflected light, from the surface of a rostral ventral medullary area that is involved in cardiorespiratory control. We collected images during sleep and waking states and during halothane anesthesia in five adult unrestrained goats. During quiet sleep, overall activity increased and overall variability decreased compared with waking levels, whereas rapid eye movement sleep increased variability, and average activity decreased to near-waking levels. Distinct regions of activation and suppression appeared during sleep states. Deep anesthesia decreased activity and minimized variation. We speculate that alterations in rostral ventral medullary surface activity may play a role in state-dependent changes in cardiorespiratory control mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine 90024-1763.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rector
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gozal
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lowry
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harper
mesh_terms: D000204:Activity Cycles; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000818:Animals; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D006221:Halothane; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000502:physiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006221:Halothane