title: Postoperative pain after local anesthetics for laparoscopic sterilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effectiveness of intraperitoneal local anesthesia in relieving postoperative pain after laparoscopic sterilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study of two groups of 25 subjects each, women scheduled for tubal sterilization under general anesthesia received 80 mL of 0.5% lidocaine with 1/320,000 epinephrine intraperitoneally in the right subdiaphragmatic quadrant at the beginning of the procedure. At the end of the procedure, they received 10 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1/80,000 epinephrine injected into each mesosalpinx. Controls received saline instead of lidocaine. Shoulder and pelvic pain assessed by visual analogue pain scale, postoperative analgesic requirements, nausea or vomiting, and time to return to normal daily activities were evaluated in the ambulatory unit and after discharge during the first 48 postoperative hours. Blood samples were taken in ten subjects receiving lidocaine to evaluate peak plasma concentrations and time to peak plasma concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain was significantly less in patients who received lidocaine, and the difference lasted for the duration of the study (P < .05). Analgesic requirements and time to return to normal daily activities were significantly reduced in patients who received lidocaine (P < .05). Blood samples revealed no toxic concentrations. The peak plasma concentration was 3.22 +/- 1.21 micrograms/mL, and the time to peak plasma concentration was 42 +/- 15 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraperitoneal instillation of lidocaine-epinephrine combined with mesosalpinx infiltration of lidocaine during tubal sterilization produces effective, long-lasting analgesia and improves the postoperative course.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benhamou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Narchi
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Mazoit
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine