Poverty and childhood chronic illness.
OBJECTIVE
To present national estimates of the prevalence and impact of chronic conditions for children from poor and nonpoor families by using data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey.


METHODS
Proxy responses to a checklist of child health conditions administered for 17,110 children younger than 18 years were used. Conditions were classified as chronic if they were first noticed more than 3 months before the interview or if they were the type that would ordinarily be of extended duration, such as arthritis.


RESULTS
While nonpoor families were more likely than poor families to report chronic conditions for their children, children from poor families exhibited a higher risk of experiencing severe chronic conditions. Children with chronic conditions from poor families also experienced substantial barriers to care; they were 118% more likely to be uninsured than were children from nonpoor families and 42% more likely to lack a usual source of care. Children with chronic conditions from poor families were found to use fewer ambulatory care services but more inpatient hospital care than their nonpoor counterparts.


CONCLUSIONS
Children from poor families experience chronic health problems that are inadequately addressed by our existing health care system.
Newacheck
P W
PW
Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California-San Francisco.
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000191:economics*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics*; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007223:Infant; D007348:Insurance, Health; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology