title: The product of the tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene N: similarity to toll and the interleukin-1 receptor.
abstract: The products of plant disease resistance genes are postulated to recognize invading pathogens and rapidly trigger host defense responses. Here we describe isolation of the resistance gene N of tobacco that mediates resistance to the viral pathogen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The N gene was isolated by transposon tagging using the maize Activator transposon. A genomic DNA fragment containing the N gene conferred TMV resistance to TMV susceptible tobacco. Sequence analysis of the N gene shows that it encodes a protein of 131.4 kDa with an amino-terminal domain similar to that of the cytoplasmic domain of the Drosophila Toll protein and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) in mammals, a nucleotide-binding site (NBS), and 14 [corrected] imperfect leucine-rich repeats (LRR). The sequence similarity of N, Toll, and IL-1R suggests that N mediates rapid gene induction and TMV resistance through a Toll-IL-1-like pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whitham
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dinesh-Kumar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hehl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D015698:Genomic Library; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics*; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D007301:Insect Hormones; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C089425:N protein, Nicotiana glutinosa; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; C068721:Tl protein, Drosophila; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors