title: A critical analysis of hardiness.
abstract: Hardiness is a construct with widespread appeal to nurse researchers. Of 97 papers reviewed, 35 were written by nurses. Because of its popularity, there is a pressing need to analyze hardiness carefully. This critical analysis of hardiness describes Kobasa's work as the foundation of hardiness research, provides a review of hardiness in the nursing literature, and recommends future hardiness research.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Policy Division, Office of the Army Surgeon General, Falls Church, VA.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Staggers
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D005086:Existentialism; D005544:Forecasting; D006803:Human Development; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008016:Life Change Events; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000639:trends; D010551:Personality; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires