title: Microinjected profilin affects cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells by rapidly depolymerizing actin microfilaments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytoplasmic streaming is a conspicuous feature of plant cell behaviour, in which organelles and vesicles shuttle along cytoplasmic strands that contain actin filaments. The mechanisms that regulate streaming and the formation of actin filament networks are largely unknown, but in all likelihood involve actin-binding proteins. The monomeric actin-binding protein, profilin, is a key regulator of actin-filament dynamics in animal cells and it has recently been identified in plants as a pollen allergen. We set out to determine whether plant profilin can act as a monomeric actin-binding protein and influence actin dynamics in plant cells in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recombinant birch-pollen profilin was purified by polyproline affinity chromatography and microinjected into Tradescantia blossfeldiana stamen hair cells. After profilin injection, a rapid and irreversible change in cellular organization and streaming was observed: within 1-3 minutes the transvacuolar cytoplasmic strands became thinner and snapped, and cytoplasmic streaming ceased. Fluorescein-labelled-phalloidin staining confirmed that this was due to depolymerization of actin filaments. To confirm that the effects observed were due to sequestration of monomeric actin, another monomeric actin-binding protein, DNase I, was injected and found to produce comparable results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Profilin can act as a potent regulator of actin organization in living plant cells. Its rapid effect on the integrity of cytoplasmic strands and cytoplasmic streaming supports a model in which organelle movements depend upon microfilaments that exist in dynamic equilibrium with the pool of monomeric actin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, John Innes Centre for Plant Science Research, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Staiger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valenta
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Warn
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D003285:Contractile Proteins; D003595:Cytoplasmic Streaming / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008845:Microinjections; D008954:Models, Biological; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051304:Profilins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D003285:Contractile Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D051304:Profilins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins