title: Serum carotenoids and coronary heart disease. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial and Follow-up Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between total serum carotenoid levels and the risk of subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD) events.
  
  
  METHODS
  New analysis of a cohort from the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial and Follow-up Study (LRC-CPPT). The LRC-CPPT was a multicenter placebo-controlled trial of cholestyramine resin and CHD with a follow-up period of 13 years. Serum carotenoids were measured at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  The placebo group of the LRC-CPPT, which consisted of 1899 men aged 40 to 59 years with type II-a hyperlipidemia and without known preexisting CHD, cancer, or other major illnesses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonfatal myocardial infarctions and deaths attributable to CHD ascertained from hospital records, autopsy reports, and death certificates and reviewed by a panel of cardiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for known CHD risk factors including smoking, serum carotenoids were inversely related to CHD events. Men in the highest quartile of serum carotenoids had an adjusted relative risk (RR) of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44 to 0.92) compared with the lowest quartile. For men who never smoked, this RR was 0.28 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LRC-CPPT participants with higher serum carotenoid levels had a decreased risk of incident CHD. This finding was stronger among men who never smoked.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7594.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kritchevsky
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood*; D002792:Cholestyramine Resin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D002792:Cholestyramine Resin; D002338:Carotenoids