title: The nature and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormones in brains and plasma of ranid frogs.
abstract: Highly specific antisera and reversed-phase HPLC were used to examine the nature and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brains and plasma of three species of Rana frog previously reported to vary in the types and brain distributions of GnRH. The three species examined, Rana pipiens, Rana esculenta, and Rana ridibunda, exhibit differences in total concentration and relative concentrations of GnRH in brain areas, but all three contain the mammalian and chicken-II forms of GnRH (mGnRH and cGnRH-II). Both forms were found in the telencephalon and diencephalon, but mGnRH is consistently the most abundant form in the preoptic-hypothalamic area (e.g., ratios of mGnRH:cGnRH-II > 3:1 in hypothalamus-median eminence), whereas, cGnRH-II is the most abundant in the telencephalon and the only form measured in the cerebellum and medulla. The total content of cGnRH-II in the whole brain is about 1.5-2 times higher than that of mGnRH, due to the larger size of the areas outside the preoptic-hypothalamic area. These general patterns were the same for adults and juveniles. We found no evidence of a third form of GnRH corresponding to salmon GnRH in hypothalamus or other brain areas of R. esculenta as previously reported. These analyses also revealed the presence of both forms of GnRH in plasma draining the hypothalamic area, but the concentration of cGnRH-II is relatively higher than that in the corresponding hypothalamic tissue, suggesting differentially greater release or slower degradation of this form. These results do not support the conclusion that the ranid frogs are highly variable in the nature and distribution of GnRH in the brain, although they suggest that both forms of GnRH are potentially involved in the direct regulation of pituitary gonadotropes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Licht
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sotowska-Brochocka
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D011893:Rana esculenta; D011894:Rana pipiens; D011895:Rana ridibunda; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone