title: Long-term improvement of glycemic control by insulin treatment in NIDDM patients with secondary failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term efficacy of insulin treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and secondary failure to oral hypoglycemic agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one NIDDM patients with secondary failure were studied while they were still on oral agents. Then they were switched to insulin treatment, and after a median of 27 months, a long-term evaluation was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the long-term evaluation, metabolic control was still markedly improved by insulin treatment, with reduction of HbA1c from 8.8 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SE) to 6.9 +/- 0.3% (P < 0.0001), lowering of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol concentration from 0.97 +/- 0.3 to 0.69 +/- 0.1 mM (P < 0.03), and lowering of total triglycerides from 2.8 +/- 0.6 to 1.8 +/- 0.3 mM (P < 0.005), mainly due to reduction of VLDL triglycerides. Body weight increased during the first year, but not thereafter (71.3 +/- 2.5 kg during oral treatment, 78.9 +/- 2.9 and 79.8 +/- 3.2 kg after 12 and 36 months of insulin treatment, respectively). Blood pressure did not change. Fasting and postprandial insulin concentrations increased, and C-peptide concentrations were lowered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements of glycemic control and lipoprotein concentrations in patients with NIDDM and secondary failure persist also after insulin treatment for 2-3 years in spite of weight gain and hyperinsulinemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Arnqvist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides