title: Gene regulation of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1 receptor type I, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and -2 in human granulosa-luteal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the regulation of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor type 1, and plasminogen activator (PA) inhibitor-1 and -2 in cumulus cells, granulosa-luteal cells, and macrophage-depleted granulosa-luteal cells obtained from human preovulatory follicles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cumulus cells and granulosa-luteal cells were collected by ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration at the time of ART.
  
  
  METHODS
  Northern blot analysis of mRNA levels of IL-1 beta, IL-1 receptor type 1, PA inhibitor-1 and -2 in cumulus cells, granulosa-luteal cells and macrophage-depleted granulosa-luteal cells, and indirect immunocytochemical analysis of the IL-1 system and macrophages in granulosa-luteal cell preparations were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin-1 beta mRNA levels in uncultured cumulus cells were less than those of uncultured granulosa-luteal cells with no differences in IL-1 receptor type 1 mRNA levels between these two cell types. Granulosa-luteal cell IL-1 receptor type 1 mRNA levels were expressed constitutively throughout 24 hours of culture with no effect by hCG, whereas IL-1 beta mRNA levels increased within 6 hours, and then remained elevated for 24 hours with no effect by hCG. Interleukin-1 beta significantly increased granulosa-luteal cell mRNA levels of IL-1 beta (over twofold), IL-1 receptor type 1 (over twofold), PA inhibitor-1 (approximately 1.4-fold), and PA inhibitor-2 (approximately 1.6-fold). In contrast, IL-1 beta had no effect on IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor type 1 mRNA levels in macrophage-depleted granulosa-luteal cells. Granulosa-luteal cells, not macrophages, account for the majority of the immunocytochemical staining for IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor type 1 in follicular aspirates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies suggest that the IL-1 system is regulated in human granulosa-luteal cells during the periovulatory period. Furthermore, the augmentation of PA inhibitor-1 and -2 mRNA levels by IL-1 beta suggests a potential role for IL-1 beta in remodeling of the human ovary during the periovulatory period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University Medical Center, California.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Piquette
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simón
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: el Danasouri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frances
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Polan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1