title: Ultrasonographic detection of abnormal fetal growth with the gestational age-independent, transverse cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference ratio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We prospectively evaluated the accuracy of a gestational age-independent method of detecting abnormal growth, the transverse cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference ratio, and compared this with standard ultrasonographic methods of growth assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 825 low-risk obstetric patients and 250 patients having risk factors for fetal macrosomia (n = 92) or growth retardation (n = 158). Measured fetal parameters included the biparietal diameter, head circumference, transverse cerebellar diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length. The estimated fetal weight, head circumference/abdominal circumference, cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference, and femur length/abdominal circumference ratios were calculated. Reference curves for these parameters were created from a cross-sectional analysis of the low-risk group. Univariate analysis was used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and odds ratios of each individual parameter in identifying a small- or large-for-gestational-age infant. A multivariate logistic regression model with a variable selection procedure was then used to determine whether significance remained when we controlled for other parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the low-risk group, the transverse cerebellar/abdominal circumference ratio was gestational age independent between 14 and 42 weeks with a mean of 13.68 +/- 0.96. A value exceeding 2 SD of the mean was significantly associated with birth or a small-for-gestational-age infant, being abnormal in 98% and 71% of asymmetrically and symmetrically growth-retarded infants, respectively. Significance was maintained in the multivariate regression model. The ratio was not helpful in detecting the large-for-gestational-age infant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fetal transverse cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference ratio is an accurate, gestational age-independent method of identifying the small-for-gestational-age but not the large-for-gestational-age infant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612-7313.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sipos
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001699:Biometry; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal