title: Shunt failure without ventriculomegaly proclaimed by ophthalmic findings.
abstract: Four patients who developed increased intracranial pressure from ventricular shunt failure suffered a delay in diagnosis because magnetic resonance imaging of the brain did not show ventriculomegaly and because ophthalmic findings were initially overlooked or misinterpreted. None of the patients had the conventional manifestations of shunt failure: severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and depressed consciousness. Three patients suffered marked, permanent vision loss from chronic papilledema. These cases affirm that increased intracranial pressure may occur in shunt dependency without producing either conventional clinical symptoms or signs on imaging of the brain. Because ophthalmic manifestations may be the major clues to diagnosis, and because irreversible loss of vision is possible if these clues are overlooked, consideration should be given to periodic ophthalmological examination of shunt-dependent patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Trobe
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Muraszko
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dauser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D014695:Cerebral Ventriculography; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000209:etiology; D010211:Papilledema / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields