title: Hepatobiliary elimination of the peroxisome proliferator nafenopin by conjugation and subsequent ATP-dependent transport across the canalicular membrane.
abstract: Amphiphilic carboxylates acting as peroxisome proliferators and hypolipidemic drugs induce enzymes of peroxisomal lipid beta-oxidation, certain drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver, and a number of additional proteins. The peroxisome proliferators represent a well-established class of non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens. In this study we characterized the hepatic elimination of the peroxisome proliferator nafenopin. In the rat in vivo, 1 hr after intravenous administration of [3H]nafenopin, approx. 40% of injected radioactivity was recovered in bile. HPLC analysis of bile samples revealed that only about 10% of the radioactivity recovered in bile was associated with non-metabolized nafenopin and approx. 90% with more polar metabolites. One of the main metabolites formed in the liver and excreted into bile was identified as nafenopin glucuronide by beta-glucuronidase-catalysed reconversion to nafenopin. In mutant rats deficient in the canalicular transport of leukotriene C4 and related amphiphilic anion conjugates, recovery of [3H]nafenopin-derived radioactivity in bile was reduced to 4% of the injected dose. Although nafenopin glucuronide could not be detected in bile, it was a major metabolite in the liver from these mutant rats. Using membrane vesicles enriched in bile canalicular membranes from normal rats, transport of nafenopin glucuronide was shown to be a primary-active ATP-dependent process which was inhibited by leukotriene C4 and S-dinitrophenyl glutathione with IC50 values of 0.2 and 12 microM, respectively. ATP-dependent transport was not detectable for non-conjugated nafenopin. In canalicular membrane vesicles prepared from the mutant rats, the rate of ATP-dependent transport of nafenopin glucuronide was less than 10% of the transport observed in vesicles from normal rats. These data indicate that conjugation and subsequent transport by the ATP-dependent export carrier for leukotriene C4 and related conjugates is a major pathway for the elimination of nafenopin and structurally-related peroxisome proliferators.
authors.affiliation: Division of Tumor Biochemistry, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, F.R.G.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jedlitschky
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhme
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bar-Tana
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keppler
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001648:Bile Canaliculi / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001692:Biological Transport; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009255:Nafenopin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D005965:Glucuronates; D009255:Nafenopin; D014316:Tritium; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate