title: The relationship of clinical-pathologic status and adjuvant treatment with natural killer cell activity in stage I and II endometrial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to evaluate the basal immune reactivity in patients with locally advanced endometrial carcinoma, and the immune modulating effect of adjuvant treatment in cancer population randomized to endocrine or radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients with FIGO stage I and II endometrial carcinoma, treated with primary radical surgery, were randomly selected to receive endocrine (medroxy-progesterone acetate 30 mg weekly and Tamoxifen 300 mg weekly, given consecutively) or radiation adjuvant treatment (external beam photon treatment of the whole pelvis, with an average total dose of 3680 cGy rad). The immune assay included the evaluation of natural killer cell activity by target cell retention of the fluorescent dye carboxyfluoresceyn diacetate, using sensitive cell line K 562. The immunological monitoring was performed before surgery, and then before, during, and after adjuvant treatment. Nine patients, who refused any adjuvant treatment, were recruited as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients, matched for age and demographic characteristics, with locally advanced endometrial carcinoma had significantly lower mean values of natural killer activity than in healthy controls; the decrease of natural cytotoxicity was significantly related to the depth of myometrial invasion. The adjuvant treatment was associated with a significant immune modulation: patients in endocrine therapeutic regimen showed an increase of natural killer activity, while patients in radiation therapy had a reduction; in the control group there was no significant modification of natural cytotoxicity during negative follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood is significantly reduced in local advanced endometrial carcinoma patients. The natural cytotoxicity evaluation, as a function of therapeutic modality, may be useful in establishing a relationship between adjuvant treatment and immune status in endometrial carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ancona University, Italy.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Garzetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciavattini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muzzioli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goteri
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valensise
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romanini
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D013629:Tamoxifen