title: Role of P-450 aromatase in sex determination of the diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin.
abstract: Sex determination in the diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, is temperature-dependent. Eggs incubated at 31 degrees C, and above, hatch in approximately 45 days as females. Eggs incubated below 27 degrees C hatch in about 60 days as males. Sex is not reversible after hatching. Nest temperatures in the wild can be as low as 20 degrees C and as high as 37 degrees C with as much as a 10 degrees C diel cycle. The shortest incubation time measured in nature was 56 days and the longest approaching 120 days. Nests in our study site produced predominantly (> 95%) male hatchlings. Treatment of developing embryos with estrogen produces females at male producing temperatures while treatment with fadrozole (a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor) induces partial male-like gonads. Treatment with a steroidal aromatase inhibitor (4-hydroxyandrostenedione, 4-OHA) had no effect on sex determination. Both fadrozole and 4-OHA are potent competitive inhibitors (Ki approximately 40-50 nM) for terrapin in vitro aromatase activity. These findings are consistent with aromatase expression being a key step in sex determination of terrapins. We have cloned a partial single copy P-450 aromatase from the terrapin using a cDNA library constructed from ovarian mRNA. This partial clone is highly homologous to other vertebrate aromatases.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Center of Marine Biotechnology, Baltimore 21202.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeyasuria
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Roosenburg
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Place
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001141:Aromatase / Q000502:physiology*; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D017316:Fadrozole / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012733:Sex Differentiation; D014426:Turtles / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D000735:Androstenedione; D004958:Estradiol; D001141:Aromatase; D017316:Fadrozole; C014594:formestane