title: [Pathways leading to intractable vasculitis syndromes: a review].
abstract: Intractable vasculitis syndromes are reviewed in terms of pathways leading to the diseases. The III-type, IV-type, and II-type allergic reaction, as well as angiospasm and endothelial dysfunction pathways are important in the pathogenesis of vasculitis. Each pathway has been described, using appropriate animal models or experimental and clinical data. Antigens of microorganisms are, among others, important pathogenic factors, activating several pathways. Endogenous retroviral antigens in the mouse, and possibly in humans, cause vasculitis through the II-type and III-type hypersensitivity, and experiments on the intractable vasculitis remain to be focused on this point.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshiki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D013577:Syndrome; D018366:Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex