title: [Onchocerciasis control program in West Africa: socioeconomic development and risk of recrudescence of transmission. 2. Experimental study of the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus strains from Southwestern Sierra Leone by Simulium yahense and Simulium squamosum].
abstract: The movements of human populations towards the mining wealth of the northern parts of Sierra Leone are favorable to a high contact rate between onchocerciasis patients coming from the south-western area of this country and the vector species Simulium yahense and Simulium squamosum which assume the essential of onchocerciasis transmission in the above-mentioned mining area. In fact, the Onchocerca volvulus strains concerned by this contact seem to be more pathogenic than those locally transmitted. In order to assess the danger it could represent for the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa, we carried out the experimental study of transmission which may result from this contact when more or less infected onchocerciasis patients are involved. The results indicated that this transmission by S. yahense may reach high proportions only when heavily infected onchocerciasis patients are implicated. We took also notice of the low capacity of S. squamosum to transmit the O. volvulus strains from the south-western Sierra Leone, irrespective of the microfilarial load of patients. Thus, in the most favorable conditions of a high parasite-vector contact of the study, involvement of S. yahense and onchocerciasis patients with high skin microfilarial loads is the only occurrence to which a high risk of intensive transmission may be related. The authors consider that the probability of such a risk occurring will be drastically reduced, due to the considerable decrease of skin microfilarial loads in human communities which regularly have the advantage of ivermectin (Mectizan) mass treatments.
authors.affiliation: OMS/OCP, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bissan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doucouré
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hougard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agoua
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guillet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konaré
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dumbuya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004463:Ecology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D008906:Mining; D017181:Onchocerca volvulus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009855:Onchocerciasis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012807:Sierra Leone / Q000453:epidemiology; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000469:parasitology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
vernacular_title: Le programme de lutte contre l'onchocercose en Afrique de l'ouest: développement socio-économique et risque de recrudescence de la transmission. 2. Etude éxpérimentale de la transmission des souches d'Onchocerca volvulus du sud-ouest de la Sierra Leone par Simulium yahense et Simulium squamosum.