title: Fragile-X syndrome in east Finland: molecular approach to genetic and prenatal diagnosis.
abstract: Fragile X is the most common inherited form of mental retardation, having an incidence of one in 1,250 males. The fragile X syndrome results from amplification of the CGG repeat found in the fragile X mental retardation-1-gene (FMR-1). This CGG repeat shows length variation in normal individuals and is increased significantly in both carriers and patients. Non-retarded carriers of both sexes can be detected reliably only by direct DNA analysis of the fra(X) mutation. Here we investigate fragile X families using the intragenic probes St.B 12.3 and St.B 12.3 XX (J-L Mandel). Fragile X syndrome could be verified in 51 families of the population of 900,000 in East-Finland during 1989-92. The index cases of the syndrome were found by the help of health care personnel, 463 relatives of these families consented to be tested for the mutation of the FMR-1 gene. Ninety-three relatives with the full mutation and 127 healthy carriers with the premutation of the fragile X syndrome were diagnosed. In addition, 28 decreased males were obligate carriers. During the year 1992 prenatal diagnosis for fragile X was carried out in nine pregnancies. For understanding of the occurrence of fragile X syndrome and for better prevention of this syndrome in next generations, systematic genetic counseling and carrier screening in these families is essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryynänen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pulkkinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kirkinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saarikoski
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005387:Finland; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005817:Genetic Counseling / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*