title: Does subanesthetic isoflurane affect the ventilatory response to acute isocapnic hypoxia in healthy volunteers?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differences in results studying the effects of subanesthetic concentrations of volatile agents on the hypoxic ventilatory response may be related to the conditions under which the subjects were tested. In this study we investigated the effects of 0.1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane on the hypoxic ventilatory response without and with audiovisual stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Step decreases in arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation from normoxia into hypoxia (arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation 80% +/- 2%; duration of hypoxia 5 min) were performed in ten healthy subjects. We obtained four responses per subject: one without isoflurane in a darkened, quiet room; one without isoflurane with audiovisual input (music videos); one in a darkened room at 0.1 MAC isoflurane; and one at 0.1 MAC isoflurane with audiovisual input (subjects were addressed to keep their eyes open). Experiments were performed against a background of isocapnia (end-tidal carbon dioxide tension 1-1.4 mmHg above initial resting values).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hypoxic responses averaged 0.54 +/- 0.09 1.min-1.%-1 (without isoflurane in a darkened, quiet room), 0.27 +/- 0.06 l-min-1.%-1 (in a darkened room at 0.1 MAC isoflurane; P < 0.01), 0.56 +/- 0.131.min-1.%-1 (without isoflurane with audiovisual input), and 0.47 +/- 0.13 l.min-1.%-1 (at 0.1 MAC isoflurane with audiovisual input). Values are means +/- SE. During 0.1 MAC isoflurane administration, all subjects showed a depressed hypoxic response when not stimulated, while with stimulation two subjects had an increased response, four a decreased response and four an unchanged response compared to control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed an important effect of the study conditions on the effects that 0.1 MAC isoflurane has on the hypoxic ventilatory response. A depressant effect of subanesthetic isoflurane was found only when external stimuli to the subjects were absent. With extraneous audiovisual stimuli the effect of isoflurane on the response to hypoxia was more variable. On the average, however, the response then was not depressed by isoflurane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van den Elsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berkenbosch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeGoede
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van Kleef
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Olievier
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007530:Isoflurane