title: The venous anatomy of experimental left varicocele: comparison with naturally occurring left varicocele in the human.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of experimental left varicocele on the anatomy of the veins serving the rat testis and to compare that anatomy to known patterns of vascular drainage from the human testis with and without varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vascular maps were made of the effluent vessels from the rat testis in control animals and those with a 30-day experimental left varicocele. Consensus maps were arrived at and these were compared to published reports of the pertinent venous anatomy in humans with and without varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major route of blood leaving the rat testis was confirmed to be the spermatic vein, but nine common collaterals were also found to exist. Four of these collaterals became more pronounced with experimental varicocele as did several dilated perineal veins. These latter vessels all led to the iliac vein. The vasculature of the rat experimental varicocele model shares some important anatomical features with human varicocele anatomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varicocele in humans and in the rat model causes a redistribution of blood flow from a route primarily out the spermatic vein to routes leading to the iliac vein. The redistribution is similar but not identical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Howards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000473:pathology*; D014680:Veins / Q000502:physiology