title: Oculinum injection-resistant blepharospasm in young patients.
abstract: Botulinum toxin has recently been used as a nonsurgical treatment for blepharospasm and other facial dyskinesias. This report describes four patients between the ages of 32 and 37 years who failed to respond to botulinum injections for severe blepharospasm. Other than age, no other features could be identified in these patients that would differentiate this group. Particularly early age of onset for essential blepharospasm might be an indicator of failure to respond to the injections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53792-3220.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gausas
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dortzbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000628:therapy*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins