title: Human papillomavirus infection and its relationship to recent and distant sexual partners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relation between the detection of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and the number of new sexual partners in the last year, 1-5 years, and 5-10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 298 women collected tampon specimens and completed self-answer questionnaires on the known risk factors for HPV infection, including the number of sexual partners during the last 1, 5, and 10 years. The tampons were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction using L1 consensus primers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two (30.9%) tampons were positive for HPV DNA. In univariate analysis, the presence of HPV DNA was associated with a younger age, single marital status, a previously abnormal or currently abnormal Papanicolaou smear, and one or more new sexual partners in the last year, 1-5 years, and 5-10 years. The presence of HPV DNA was not associated with education level, past pregnancy, current or past oral contraceptive use, or the age at first intercourse. In multivariate analysis, only the number of sexual partners during the last year and 1-5 years, and a previously abnormal Papanicolaou smear were associated with HPV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of HPV DNA is best predicted by the number of new sexual partners in the last 5 years. Transiently detectable HPV DNA is one possible explanation for this observation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Fairley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ugoni
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Tabrizi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Garland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000821:virology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017533:Marital Status; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012747:Sexual Partners; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission*; D013997:Time Factors; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission*; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral