title: Mechanism of glomerular hyperfiltration after a protein meal in humans. Role of hormones and amino acids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies demonstrated that protein meals and amino acid (AA) infusions increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) and that somatostatin (SRIH) infusion inhibits these increments. We tested whether a single AA such as alanine could increase GFR and RPF and whether the changes in GFR and RPF could be explained on the basis of changes in glucagon, growth hormone (GH), and insulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first experiment, alanine was infused with or without SRIH in five normal subjects. In the second experiment, five other subjects were infused with SRIH on three separate occasions. In a control study, insulin, glucagon, and GH were given at replacement doses; in a hyperglucagonemia study, glucagon was given at a rate of 0.2 microgram.kg-1.h-1 (hypoglucagonemia); and in a high GH study, GH was given at a rate of 2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1. GFR and RPF were measured using insulin and para-aminohippurate, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alanine increased GFR and RPF, whereas SRIH inhibited these changes (P < 0.05). Hyperglucagonemia or high GH with or without insulin failed to increase RPF or GFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single AA such as alanine increases GFR and RPF, and this increase is dependent on a factor inhibited by SRIH. Although GH, glucagon, and insulin are factors inhibited by SRIH, none of these factors explains the changes in RPF and GFR in our acute studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pabico
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Truglia
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Statt
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lockwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004435:Eating; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D005934:Glucagon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D013004:Somatostatin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005934:Glucagon; D000409:Alanine