title: Circulating autoimmune antibodies may be responsible for implantation failure in in vitro fertilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of autoimmune factors as a possible cause for implantation failure as manifested by chemical pregnancy after IVF and ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anticardiolipin, anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, and rheumatoid factor serum levels were examined in patients with chemical pregnancies and in matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  An IVF unit, university-based IVF program.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group included 21 patients who had one or more chemical pregnancies and no deliveries. The control group consisted of 21 patients who had conceived and delivered after IVF-ET treatment, without any history of fetal wastage, matched for age, type and duration of infertility, and number of previous IVF cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of circulating autoimmune antibodies in the study group was 33.3% (7/21). Three patients (14.2%) were positive for anticardiolipin, two (9.5%) were positive for antidsDNA, one (4.7%) for antinuclear factor, and one (4.7%) for rheumatoid factor. Autoimmune antibodies were not detected in any of the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autoimmunity may play a role in implantation failure in IVF-ET. Circulating autoimmune antibody screening is therefore recommended after chemical pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Geva
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yaron
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lessing
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yovel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vardinon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000032:analysis; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000032:analysis; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000032:analysis; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D004247:DNA; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor