title: Bioregenerative life-support systems.
abstract: Long-duration future habitation of space involving great distances from Earth and/or large crew sizes (eg, lunar outpost, Mars base) will require a controlled ecological life-support system (CELSS) to simultaneously revitalize atmosphere (liberate oxygen and fix carbon dioxide), purify water (via transpiration), and generate human food (for a vegetarian diet). Photosynthetic higher plants and algae will provide the essential functions of biomass productivity in a CELSS, and a combination of physicochemical and bioregenerative processes will be used to regenerate renewable resources from waste materials. Crop selection criteria for a CELSS include nutritional use characteristics as well as horticultural characteristics. Cereals, legumes, and oilseed crops are used to provide the major macronutrients for the CELSS diet. A National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT) was established at Purdue University to establish proof of the concept of the sustainability of a CELSS. The Biosphere 2 project in Arizona is providing a model for predicted and unpredicted situations that arise as a result of closure in a complex natural ecosystem.
authors.affiliation: NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Bioregenerative Life Support, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1165.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D013026:Space Flight; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables