title: How appropriate are commercially available human milk fortifiers?
abstract: A preliminary investigation was made into the effectiveness of two breastmilk fortifiers on the Australian market (FM-85 [Nestlé, Vevey, Switzerland] and Enfamil Human Milk Fortifier [EHMF; Mead Johnson, Evansville, IN, USA]). Infants < 1800 g and < 34 weeks gestation at birth, who were receiving breast milk, were randomized to receive either of the fortifiers (n = 14 for FM-85, n = 10 for EHMF), until a weight of 2 kg was reached. Infants not receiving breast milk (n = 9) were fed a preterm formula (Prenan, Nestlé). The two fortifier groups were similar in most parameters examined: (i) weight gain (17.9 +/- 3.0 vs 17.4 +/- 3.5 g/kg per day); (ii) head circumference growth (1.02 +/- 0.28 vs 1.03 +/- 0.25 cm/week); (iii) arm muscle area growth (32.6 +/- 20.0 vs 33.5 +/- 13.7 mm2/week); (iv) arm fat area growth (14.0 +/- 8.7 mm2/week); (v) plasma calcium (2.52 +/- 0.08 vs 2.58 +/- 0.15 mmol/L); (vi) plasma phosphate (2.02 +/- 0.21 vs 2.13 +/- 0.32 mmol/L); (vii) plasma copper (5.28 +/- 2.83 vs 5.66 +/- 3.07 mumol/L); and (vii) plasma zinc (13.3 +/- 5.5 vs 15.8 +/- 9.2 mumol/L). The FM-85 group had a higher alkaline phosphatase level (355 +/- 110 vs 231 +/- 70 iu/L) than the EHMF group; however, no values were outside the normal range. The Prenan group had a higher rate of weight gain (23.6 +/- 3.3 g/kg per day) and higher arm fat area growth rate (25.2 +/- 7.6 mm2/week) than the fortifier groups while all other parameters were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dilena
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Simmer
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry; D001315:Australia; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008895:Milk, Human; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins