title: Displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus treated non-operatively. Clinical results and analysis of motion and ground-reaction and temporal forces.
abstract: Twenty-seven patients who had a unilateral displaced intra-articular fracture of the calcaneus were managed with a cast instead of with reduction or an operation. The clinical result after a mean of six years (range, two to ten years) was excellent in five patients, good in five, fair in seven, and poor in ten. The sixteen patients who were re-examined for this study and for whom the gait was analyzed demonstrated abnormalities in ground-reaction force with regard to vertical force (F3) and temporal force factors (T2, T3, T6, and T9). Analysis of temporal and distance factors showed a trend toward a decreased proportion of single-limb support on the involved side. Three-dimensional motion analysis of the ankle and hindfoot was performed with electrogoniometers as the subject walked on a level surface, on a 10-degree side-slope, and up and down stairs. Motion was decreased in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes during walking on level ground and on a side-sloping surface. Significant decreases in motion in these planes were also seen during walking up and down stairs. Although these patients did not have a subsequent reconstructive operation, most had a residual functional deficit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Schaap
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology