title: Effects of whole body vibration on dorsal root ganglion neurons. Changes in neuronal nuclei.
abstract: METHODS
  This blinded, histomorphometric analysis compared neuronal nuclei from lumbar dorsal root ganglia from three groups of rabbits: normal controls, immobilized controls, and an experimental group exposed to daily, whole body vibration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify ultrastructural changes in dorsal root ganglion neurons consistent with, and capable of producing, neuropeptide changes previously documented in vibration-exposed animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal adult rabbits were exposed to modulated whole body vibration at a frequency and amplitude previously shown to produce changes in dorsal root ganglion neuropeptides. Lumbar ganglia from control and vibrated rabbits were fixed, stained, and studied under transmission electron microscopy. One-thousand-two-hundred cells were sampled, and 190 appropriately sectioned cells were analyzed.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic studies have suggested a strong correlation between vibration and back pain. Previous studies have shown that short-term exposure to whole body vibration alters the normal neuropeptide profile seen in dorsal root ganglion neurons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear clefting was increased 39% in vibrated nuclei relative to controls, and nuclear pores were increased 46% in areas of clefting compared with adjacent nonclefted segments and controls (P < .001). Mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes crowded the cleft spaces of vibrated cells, and the normal perinuclear clear space was lost. Mitochondrial and lysosomal volumes were significantly increased in vibrated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These ultrastructural changes, generated by a physiologically valid vibration stimulus, provide an anatomic link between the clinical observation of increased back pain and the biochemical alterations involving pain-related neuropeptides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: McLain
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009474:Neurons / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides