title: Intratracheal injection of LPS and cytokines. V. LPS induces expression of LIF and LIF inhibits acute inflammation.
abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injected into the trachea of rats was found to induce the secretion of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) into bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid with a maximum expression of LIF after 2-12 h. The acute pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation caused by the intratracheal injection of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) could be inhibited by the intratracheal coinjection of recombinant LIF. Compared with intratracheal injection of LPS alone, intratracheal coinjection of LIF and LPS decreases the number of BAL neutrophils obtained 6 h later by approximately 50% (P < 0.0001). LIF decreased the amount of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), but not the amount of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6, in the BAL fluid of LPS-injected rats. Similarly, intravenous LIF was found to decrease TNF expression, but increase IL-6 expression, in the serum of rats receiving intravenous LPS. Intravenous LIF, even in the absence of LPS, was found to cause IL-6 expression. In conclusion, intratracheal LPS initiates the secretion of endogenous LIF into the alveolar space where LIF may contribute to the downregulation of LPS-initiated acute neutrophilic inflammation by downregulating expression of TNF. LIF may down-regulate LPS-initiated TNF expression at least in part indirectly by upregulating expression of IL-6, a cytokine known to downregulate LPS-initiated TNF expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ulich
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fann
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Samal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del Castillo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Remick
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007267:Injections; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D014132:Trachea; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008222:Lymphokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha