title: The European Congress on Cobalt and Hard Metal Disease. Conclusions, highlights and need of future studies.
abstract: This article summarizes the present state of the art and some recommendations for solutions to problems identified by the European Congress on Cobalt and Hard Metal Disease on the basis of the papers and posters presented, as well as a round table discussion which produced several dominant questions and revealed areas of weakness and uncertainty. The round table discussion (chairman, Professor E. Capodaglio) focussed on the following aspects: (i) Monitoring (opinion leaders: R. Lauwerys, E. Sabbioni). (ii) Mechanisms of toxicity (opinion leaders: B. Nemery, N.L. Sprince, G. Scansetti). (iii) Health effects (opinion leaders: G. Nordberg, I.B. Andersen). (iv) Diagnosis/health surveillance (opinion leaders: G. Chiappino, S. Hernberg, S. Brown).
authors.affiliation: Environment Institute, Joint Research Center, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sabbioni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mosconi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minoia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seghizzi
mesh_terms: D003035:Cobalt / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011159:Population Surveillance
chemical_list: D003035:Cobalt