title: Immunological functions of non-professional antigen-presenting cells: new insights from studies of T-cell interactions with keratinocytes.
abstract: T-cell activation in the absence of co-stimulatory signals can lead to induction of anergy. Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of bone marrow origin, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, can provide co-stimulation through molecules such as B7-1 and B7-2. In addition, cells of epithelial origin can function as 'non-professional' APCs when activated. In these circumstances, the functional consequences of the T cell-APC interaction may differ, perhaps due to the nature of the co-stimulatory pathways utilized and/or the cytokines encountered by the T cell. Here, Brian Nickoloff and Laurence Turka suggest that these differences may be important in regulating immune responses to local antigens and also in maintaining self-tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0602.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nickoloff
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Turka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines