title: Experience in hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of clinical and pathologic risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The selection of patients for resective therapy of hepatic colorectal metastases remains controversial. A number of clinical and pathologic prognostic risk factors have been variably reported to influence survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1981 and December 1991, 204 patients underwent curative hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Fourteen clinical and pathologic determinants previously reported to influence outcome were examined retrospectively. This led to a proposed TNM staging system for metastatic colorectal cancer (mTNM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No operative deaths occurred (death within 1 month). Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals were 91%, 43%, and 32%, respectively. Gender, Dukes' classification, site of primary colorectal cancer, histologic differentiation, size of metastatic tumor, and intraoperative blood transfusion requirement were not statistically significant prognostic factors (p > 0.05). Age of 60 years or more, interval of 24 months or less between colorectal and hepatic resection, four or more gross tumors, bilobar involvement, positive resection margin, lymph node involvement, and direct invasion to adjacent organs were significant poor prognostic factors (p < 0.05). In the absence of nodal disease or direct invasion, patients with unilobar solitary tumor of any size, or unilobar multiple tumors of 2 cm or smaller (stages I and II) had the highest survival rates of 93% at 1 year, 68% at 3 years, and 61% at 5 years. Unilobar disease with multiple lesions greater than 2 cm (stage III) resulted in 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals of 98%, 45%, and 28%, respectively. Patients with bilobar involvement (multiple tumors, any size, or a single large metastasis) (stage IVA) had survival rates of 88% at 1 year, 28% at 3 years, and 20% at 5 years (p < 0.00001). Patients with nodal involvement or extrahepatic disease (stage IVB) experienced the poorest outcome with 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals of 80%, 12%, and 0%, respectively (p < 0.00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed mTNM staging system appears to be useful in predicting the outcomes after hepatic resection of metastatic colorectal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gayowski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwatsuki
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Madariaga
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Todo
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Irish
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Starzl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate