title: Application of an enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique for determination of caffeine elimination kinetics as a test of liver function in clinically normal dogs.
abstract: A commercially available automated enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was used to determine serum caffeine concentration after oral and IV administrations of caffeine at dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight to 12 clinically normal dogs. Dogs were allotted to 2 groups of 6 dogs each; 1 group initially received caffeine orally and the other received caffeine IV. After 72 hours, caffeine administration was repeated in all dogs in the alternate manner. Serum samples were obtained at multiple intervals over 24 hours to determine distribution and elimination kinetics. Analysis of the drug concentration-time data indicated IV elimination half-life (t1/2) of 6.39 +/- 1.87 hours, volume of distribution at steady state of 685.3 +/- 132.2 ml/kg, total body clearance of 1.31 +/- 0.38 ml/min/kg, absorption t1/2 of 1.02 +/- 0.68 hour, oral elimination t1/2 of 6.53 +/- 2.72 hours, lag time after oral administration of 0.0614 +/- 0.0661 hour, highest measured concentration of 5.29 +/- 1.17 micrograms/ml, time to peak concentration of 2.74 +/- 1.30 hours, and bioavailability of 99.4 +/- 19.4%. Data from 6 dogs best fit a 1-compartment open model and those from 6 other dogs best fit a 2-compartment open model. On the basis of data from the 6 dogs that best fit a 2-compartment model, t1/2 of distribution was 0.58 +/- 0.72 hour. Data for oral administration best fit a single absorption phase and a single elimination phase. The increased availability and simplicity of the EMIT offers an opportunity to study the application of caffeine elimination for clinical evaluation of dogs with liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849-5523.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: DeGraves
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Whatley
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004285:Dogs / Q000378:metabolism*; D017248:Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000662:veterinary*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008111:Liver Function Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine