title: Use of deoxyinosine-containing primers vs degenerate primers for polymerase chain reaction based on ambiguous sequence information.
abstract: The performance of oligonucleotide primers containing deoxyinosine (dl) at all ambiguous positions for polymerase chain reaction, based on ambiguous sequence information derived either from compilations of consensus nucleotide sequences or from amino acid sequences, has been evaluated in two model systems represented respectively by amplification of conserved genomic regions from different types of human papillomavirus and by amplification of a region of the human lysozyme cDNA on the basis of the protein amino acid sequence. In both instances the dl-containing primers obtained the expected amplification products. When using short primers or primers with very high dl contents, however, peculiar reaction conditions had to be adopted to obtain successful amplification and, in the latter case, performance remained suboptimal. Comparison of results with those obtained using corresponding degenerate primers showed that the use of dl-containing primers can be advantageous in terms of both specificity and yield of the amplification product. Sequence analysis of amplification products showed that dG residues are always found at positions corresponding to the dl residues of the primers.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Università di Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rossolini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cresti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ingianni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cattani
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Satta
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000032:analysis*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D005784:Gene Amplification; D016679:Genome, Viral; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007288:Inosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009113:Muramidase / Q000235:genetics; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007288:Inosine; D009113:Muramidase; C012271:deoxyinosine