title: [Exercise tests in spirometry].
abstract: Actual situation: There is a great variety of exercise programs (formerly called protocols) used in daily routine and general practice. Exercise programs vary with increments, step-duration, speed and grade, although standard recommendations have been published recently. In the USA, the Bruce program is widely accepted, although some criticism has been published. Comparing different exercise programs it is obvious, that maximal values (VO2, heart rate etc.) are only moderately affected by the program, but submaximal values are strongly influenced by the methodological procedure. Advantages and disadvantages of the different exercise testing procedures will be presented. As we need some standardized exercise programs to avoid "free-style ergometry", recommendations may be based on the following assumptions: Exercise testing should not be too short nor too long (10-12 min total test time), work rate increments should be intermediate (adapted to physical fitness), work rate steps should be about 2 min or an individualized ramp test should be used. Exercise test programs have to be selected according to the patient's fitness, to the disease or function to be studied, and to the laboratory setting. Standardization is strongly recommended.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik I: Kardiologie/Pneumologie, Klinikum Remscheid, ALK, Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Löllgen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dirschedl
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fahrenkrog
mesh_terms: D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D011786:Quality Control; D012016:Reference Values; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
vernacular_title: Belastungsprogramme in der Spiroergometrie.