title: The role of NF-Y and IRF-2 in the regulation of human IL-4 gene expression.
abstract: Activity of the IL-4 promoter was shown to be regulated by multiple cis-acting elements. In this study, two additional regulatory elements, a CCAAT element and a 15-nucleotide element homologous to the IFN- and virus-stimulation response element (ISRE), were identified in the human promoter region at -195 to -172. The ISRE-homologous sequence was shown to interact with two nuclear proteins, IRF-2, a transcriptional repressor of the IFN genes, and an NF-1-like factor. Mutations of the ISRE site increased overall IL-4 promoter activity twofold, suggesting a possible negative role of IRF-2 in the regulation of IL-4 transcription. The CCAAT element was found to interact with NF-Y, a nuclear factor essential for expression of MHC class II genes. Mutations of the CCAAT element at -195 to -172 resulted in a substantial decrease of IL-4 promoter activity. Furthermore, NF-Y was also found to bind to the previously described NF-ATp binding site of the IL-4 promoter (-79 to -62, originally described as "P element"), and the previously described P-binding complex NF-P was shown to contain NF-Y. These findings suggest that NF-Y may play an important role in the regulation of IL-4 gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li-Weber
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Davydov
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krafft
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Krammer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D050836:Interferon Regulatory Factor-2; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494229:IRF2 protein, human; D050836:Interferon Regulatory Factor-2; C494230:Irf2 protein, mouse; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1; C070856:YBX1 protein, human; D015847:Interleukin-4