title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide-receptor imaging for the localization of intestinal adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal adenocarcinomas and various endocrine tumors express large numbers of high-affinity receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). We have evaluated the usefulness of scanning with VIP labeled with iodine-123 for tumor localization in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radioiodinated VIP was purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography and administered as a single intravenous bolus injection (300 pmol [1 microgram]). Scanning with radiolabeled VIP was compared with computed tomography and scanning with somatostatin analogues in 79 patients with colorectal cancer, pancreatic carcinoma, gastric cancer, carcinoid tumor, or insulinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visualization of gastrointestinal tumors and metastases was obtained with radiolabeled VIP. Binding of the labeled peptide by primary tumors and metastases was visible shortly after the injection and was still demonstrable at 24 hours. In patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas, primary or recurrent tumors were visualized in 10 of 10, liver metastases in 15 of 18, lung metastases in 2 of 3, and lymph-node metastases in 4 of 4. Primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas were visualized by imaging in 10 of 12 patients, and liver metastases were seen in 7 of 7. Primary or recurrent gastric adenocarcinomas were visualized in 5 of 5 patients, and liver metastases were seen in 2 of 2 patients. VIP scans were positive in 9 of 10 patients with carcinoid tumors and in 4 of 4 patients with insulinomas. Some tumors with positive VIP scans were also visualized with somatostatin analogues (4 of 17 colorectal adenocarcinomas, 8 of 9 carcinoids, and 2 of 2 insulinomas). In vitro binding studies confirmed the presence of VIP receptors on gastrointestinal tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scanning with radiolabeled VIP can visualize intestinal tumors and metastases that express receptors for VIP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Virgolini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raderer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurtaran
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angelberger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banyai
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banyai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pidlich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Niederle
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scheithauer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valent
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D015282:Octreotide; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000032:analysis; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D015282:Octreotide