title: Is urinary tract screening necessary for patients with cerebral palsy?
abstract: Patients with cerebral palsy are prompted to seek urological evaluation when urinary tract infection, socially unacceptable incontinence or hematuria occurs. We attempted to determine the prevalence of urinary tract structural changes by prospectively screening on sonography the kidneys and bladder of 90 patients 1 to 25 years old (mean age 8 years) who had cerebral palsy with or without urological symptoms. Uncooperative patients or those who would require sedation were excluded. Of the patients 66 were incontinent and used diapers, 18 were completely dry and 6 had nocturnal enuresis with daytime dryness. Sonographic abnormalities were detected in 7 patients, including renal size discrepancy in 2 (1 with severe scoliosis and 1 with a history of renal artery thrombosis), mild to moderate hydronephrosis with thickened bladders suggestive of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in 3 and a nonvisualized kidney in 2. However, repeat sonography confirmed 2 normal kidneys in the latter patients. Thus, urinary tract abnormalities were detected unexpectedly in 2% of patients studied. This relatively low proportion suggests that routine urinary tract screening in cerebral palsy patients may not be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital and Health Center, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Brodak
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Scherz
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology