title: Control and function of lysyl-tRNA synthetases: diversity and co-ordination.
abstract: Lysyl-tRNA synthetases are synthesized from two distinct genes in Escherichia coli, lysS (constitutively) and lysU (inducibly); however, the physiological significance and the differential control mechanism of these two genes have been a long-standing puzzle. Recent studies have successfully uncovered a significant control mechanism of lysU expression, which involves the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) and a translational enhancer element called 'downstream box'. Moreover, it is likely that there is a mechanism underlying co-ordinate expression of lysU with other genes outside the leucine-Lrp regulon under harsh conditions such as low pH and anaerobiosis. A possible mechanism of lysyl-tRNA synthetase expression and function is reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Biology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D051756:Leucine-Responsive Regulatory Protein; D008250:Lysine-tRNA Ligase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C497278:Lrp protein, E coli; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051756:Leucine-Responsive Regulatory Protein; D008250:Lysine-tRNA Ligase