title: Fluorescent in situ hybridization utilization for high-risk prenatal diagnosis: a trade-off among speed, expense, and inherent limitations of chromosome-specific probes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The development of fluorescent in situ hybridization chromosome-specific probes has allowed the use of new fetal tissue collection techniques, such as fetal cells in maternal blood and coelocentesis--both of which, with current techniques, cannot generate complete karyotypes. We evaluated chromosome-specific probes for additional potential limitations in the setting of a high-risk prenatal diagnosis center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The last 24 months of fetal karyotypes from our prenatal cytogenetics laboratory were analyzed for those abnormalities that should be detectable by chromosome-specific probes and those that would likely be missed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 6006 karyotypes 207 (3.4%) abnormalities were found, of which 104 were common trisomies, 12 triploidies, and 19 monosomies that would have been detected with current probe combinations (13, 18, 21, X, and Y) (135/207, 65.2%). Seventy-two abnormalities (35%) represented other trisomies (16/207, 7.7% for 9, 12, 15, 16) and rearrangements (inversions, translocation markers were 56/207, 27.1%), which would have been missed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of current fluorescent in situ hybridization chromosome-specific probes protocols would have detected only 65% of chromosome abnormalities in our high-risk population. Incomplete ascertainment must be weighed against the cost and speed of fluorescent in situ hybridization chromosome-specific probes when comparing it with traditional karyotyping. Although this new technique may prove useful in low-risk screening programs (fetal cells in maternal blood), its current use in high-risk populations should be questioned until its sensitivity is expanded to identify more subtle and less common chromosomal abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Holzgreve
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Isada
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Quintero
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D015342:DNA Probes; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000191:economics; D007621:Karyotyping; D011247:Pregnancy; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000191:economics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes