title: Comparison of the force required for dural puncture with different spinal needles and subsequent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.
abstract: An in vitro model was used to determine the force required to pierce bovine dura with a range of new spinal needles and to measure the subsequent leakage rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A significantly greater force was required to pierce the dura with pencil-point style needles compared to Quincke needles of the same size. Quincke needles caused a greater loss of CSF than their pencil-point equivalents. The results suggest that there is not likely to be a significant reduction in postdural puncture headache (PDPH) using a 27-gauge pencil-point needle compared to a 25-gauge needle that may be easier to use. Different makes of the same design and gauge of needle showed significant differences in the amount of CSF leakage, which may influence the clinician's choice of needle.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Anesthesia, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Uncles
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Sitzman
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Carrie
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology; D004388:Dura Mater; D006801:Humans; D009339:Needles