title: Hydrolaparoscopy in the rabbit: a fine model for the development of operative fetoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to become adept at performing laparoscopic procedures within a fluid medium and at using miniature instruments in a small animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult female New Zealand rabbits underwent carbon dioxide laparoscopy while they were under general anesthesia with the use of 2 mm instruments. The abdominal cavity was filled with lactated Ringer's solution. Visualization of the intraabdominal organs and surgical procedures were performed below the fluid level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excellent visualization of the abdominal organs below the fluid level was obtained. Several surgical tasks were accomplished, including cutting and coagulation of the uterine horns with monopolar electrocautery, creation of a defect in the mesovarium and mesometrium, extracorporeal knot tying, and intraabdominal cutting of suture material. Relatively high amounts of energy were needed during electrocautery within the liquid medium (> 25 W). Occasional fluid and gas leakage through the skin punctures was prevented with accessory clamps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrolaparoscopy can be performed in the rabbit with miniature instruments. As it simulates the human intraamniotic environment, it is a useful model for the development of operative fetoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Quintero
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Puder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bardicef
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rossman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esclapés
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Cotton
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005332:Fetoscopy / Q000379:methods; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D011817:Rabbits; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate