title: Toxic effects of intravenous and oral prostaglandin E therapy in patients with liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostaglandins are cytoprotective agents that have been shown to benefit patients with a variety of acute and chronic liver diseases. Few data exist on the frequency of adverse effects of prostaglandins in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 105 patients with liver disease who were treated with either intravenous (i.v.) or oral prostaglandin E (PGE). Forty-four patients with primary nonfunction after liver transplantation and 36 patients with fulminant hepatic failure received i.v. PGE1 for 4.5 +/- 2.6 and 12.6 +/- 10.9 days, respectively. Twenty-five patients with recurrent hepatitis B viral infection after liver transplantation received oral PGE1 for 105 +/- 94 days or PGE2 for 464 +/- 399 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six of 80 patients (33%) receiving i.v. PGE1 developed gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular side effects and 8% developed arthritis. Twenty-three of 25 patients (92%) who received high-dose oral PGE1 or PGE2 incurred arthritis and/or gastrointestinal adverse effects. Twenty-five patients received prolonged PGE therapy (oral > 60 days; i.v. > 28 days). Of this group, 23 (92%) developed clubbing and cortical hyperostosis resembling hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. All adverse effects were dose related and resolved with reduction or cessation of therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGE therapy resulted in a wide spectrum of multisystem adverse effects which were reversible with reduction or cessation of therapy. Although the administration of PGE was safe and generally well tolerated, close medical supervision is necessary to avoid serious side effects.
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplant Programme, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cattral
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Altraif
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Greig
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blendis
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000527:Alprostadil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000150:complications; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D011458:Prostaglandins E; D000527:Alprostadil; D015232:Dinoprostone