title: A causal model of adolescent depression.
abstract: We examined how family strengths, parent-adolescent communication, self-esteem, loneliness, age, and gender interrelate, and how this interaction influences depression in adolescents. The data were collected on a written questionnaire completed by 156 adolescents who were attending public schools in four communities in the midwestern United States. We developed a causal model to explicate the relationships among the variables hypothesized to affect adolescent depression and analyzed the data using path analysis via the LISREL VII program. Results showed a good fit of the model to the data. Loneliness and self-esteem had a direct effect on adolescent depression. Self-esteem had an indirect effect on depression through loneliness. Age directly and indirectly influenced depression through loneliness. Gender was significantly related to depression through self-esteem. Family strengths indirectly affected depression through self-esteem.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Nursing, Lincoln 68588-0620.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brage
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meredith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors