title: Serum bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone plus metronidazole against common intra-abdominal pathogens.
abstract: The activity of ceftriaxone plus metronidazole against pathogens usually involved in intra-abdominal infections was studied. Metronidazole 1 g and ceftriaxone 1 g (as the sodium salt) were simultaneously administered i.v. over 30 minutes every 24 hours to 12 healthy volunteers for three doses. Serum samples were collected at baseline, just before the last dose, and 12, 16, 20, 22, and 24 hours after the start of infusion of the last dose. Serum bactericidal titers (SBTs) were performed in duplicate for each serum sample from 12 hours on. Serum ceftriaxone and metronidazole concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the elimination rate and half-life were calculated for each antimicrobial in each volunteer. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of each antibiotic for two strains each of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacteroides fragilis were determined by microdilution. Eleven volunteers completed the study. Ceftriaxone and metronidazole maintained SBTs of at least 1:4. Serum ceftriaxone concentrations remained above the MICs for E. coli, P. mirabilis, and K. pneumoniae, and serum metronidazole concentrations remained above the MIC for B. fragilis throughout the study. Ceftriaxone combined with metronidazole resulted in intense and prolonged activity against E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, and B. fragilis.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nightingale
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Nicolau
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Belliveau
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quintiliani
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000382:microbiology*; D000328:Adult; D001441:Bacteroides fragilis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000187:drug effects; D015610:Serum Bactericidal Test
chemical_list: D008795:Metronidazole; D002443:Ceftriaxone