title: Effects of medetomidine-midazolam on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in laboratory pigs.
abstract: Effects of medetomidine (40 micrograms/kg)-midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were evaluated in laboratory pigs. Intramuscular injection of medetomidine-midazolam induced a gradual hyperglycemic response associated with hypoinsulinemia which was much smaller than that by 80 micrograms/kg of medetomidine alone and was almost within a physiological fluctuation. These mild responses induced by medetomidine-midazolam were antagonized by use of an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist atipamezole (160 micrograms/kg), therefore those changes were thought to be mainly attributed to the effect of medetomidine on alpha 2-adrenoreceptors. A combination of medetomidine at a low dose and midazolam reduces undesirable effects, while providing more profound sedation than medetomidine alone in laboratory pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007700:Kinetics; D020926:Medetomidine; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007093:Imidazoles; D007328:Insulin; C050701:atipamezole; D020926:Medetomidine; D008874:Midazolam