title: Studies on in vitro paraquat and diquat removal by activated carbon.
abstract: The adsorption characteristics of paraquat and diquat onto activated carbon in vitro were discussed for the primary treatment of acute poisoning by accidental, suicidal or homicidal ingestion of paraquat containing herbicides. Paraquat was adsorbed onto activated carbon more abundantly and more rapidly in physiological saline solution than that in artificial gastric juice and distilled water. Most suitable solvent for paraquat removal by activated carbon was physiological saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride solution). No significant correlation was observed between the ability of paraquat removal and the properties of adsorbent. Paraquat was preferentially adsorbed onto activated carbon in the mixed solution. The adsorption abilities by activated carbon (the removal ratio, the amount adsorbed and the adsorption rate) for paraquat were larger than those for diquat, and it was enhanced by added sodium chloride and added magnesium sulfate. Enhancing effect for adsorption removal was proportional to the saline concentration. As addition of salts into carbon suspension enhanced the adsorption ability, it will contribute to the effective treatment of acute poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanada
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption / Q000187:drug effects; D002606:Charcoal; D004178:Diquat / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010269:Paraquat / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D004178:Diquat; D010269:Paraquat