title: The novel effects of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine on myocyte contractile function and beta-adrenergic responsiveness in dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: Medical management of patients with chronic left ventricular dysfunction continues to be a difficult problem. Recent clinical and experimental studies have suggested that 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine improves left ventricular pump function. However, whether 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine directly improves myocyte contractile function in cardiomyopathic states is unknown. Accordingly, this study examined the direct effects of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine on isolated myocyte contractile function in cardiocytes obtained from control (n = 6) pigs and pigs with tachycardia-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (atrial pacing at 240 beats/min for 3 weeks; n = 6). Myocyte percent shortening and velocity of shortening were obtained at baseline and in the presence of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine doses of 80 and 100 pmol/L. For both control and dilated cardiomyopathy groups, 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine caused a significant increase in myocyte contractile function. For example, a 100 pmol/L dose of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine increased myocyte velocity of shortening by 51% in control myocytes and by 54% in dilated cardiomyopathy myocytes compared with baseline. A second series of experiments was performed to determine whether 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine altered the responsiveness of the beta-adrenergic receptor system in control and dilated cardiomyopathy myocytes. Myocyte contractile function was examined during beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol alone and in myocytes preincubated with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine doses of 80 and 100 pmol/L to which isoproterenol was added. Isoproterenol alone increased velocity of shortening by 139% in control and by 233% in dilated cardiomyopathy myocytes compared with baseline. This was significantly greater than the increase with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine alone. 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine followed by isoproterenol increased velocity of shortening by 245% in control and 313% in dilated cardiomyopathy myocytes compared with baseline. This was significantly greater than the response with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine or isoproterenol alone and appeared to be greater than an additive response. The results from this study clearly demonstrated that 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine directly augmented myocyte contractile function in both control and dilated cardiomyopathy myocytes. In addition, 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine enhanced the contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in dilated cardiomyopathy. This study provides unique evidence to suggest that 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine may be a useful adjunct to conventional inotropic support in the setting of advanced left ventricular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Spinale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D007545:Isoproterenol