title: Fibritin encoded by bacteriophage T4 gene wac has a parallel triple-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil structure.
abstract: The bacteriophage T4 late gene wac (whisker's antigen control) encodes a fibrous protein which forms a collar/whiskers complex. Whiskers function as a helper protein for the long tail fibres assembly and plays a role in regulating retraction of the long tail fibres in response to environmental conditions. In this work we show that expression of the cloned wac gene in Escherichia coli yields a protein oligomer of 53 nm length which we call fibritin, and which is able to complement gpwac T4 particles in vitro. CD spectroscopy of fibritin indicates a 90% alpha-helical content, and scanning calorimetry shows that the protein has several distinct domains. The analysis of the 486 amino acid sequence of fibritin reveals three structural components: a 408 amino acid region that contains 12 putative coiled-coil segments with a canonical heptad (a-b-c-d-e-f-g)n substructure where the "a" and "d" positions are preferentially occupied by apolar residues, and the N and C-terminal domains (47 and 29 amino acid residues, respectively) have no heptad substructure. The distribution of hydrophobic residues within heptads is more similar to a triple than to a double coiled-coil. The alpha-helical segments are separated by short "linker" regions, variable in length, that have a high proportion of glycine and proline residues. Each coiled-coil segment has, on the borders with linker regions, residues that are common to the N and C-terminal caps of the alpha-helices. Full-length and amino-terminally truncated fibritins can be reassembled in vitro after temperature-induced denaturation. Co-assembly of full-length fibritin and the N-terminal deletion mutant, as well as analytical centrifugation, indicates that the protein is a parallel triple-standard alpha-helical coiled-coil. Deletions of various N-terminal portions of fibritin did not block trimerisation but the mutant trimers are unable to bind to T4 particles. The last 18 C-terminal residues of fibritin are required for correct trimerisation of gpwac monomers in vivo. We propose that fibritin might serve as a convenient model for the investigation of folding and assembly mechanisms of alpha-fibrous proteins.
authors.affiliation: Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Efimov
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Nepluev
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Sobolev
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Zurabishvili
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schulthess
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lustig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haener
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aebi
authors.lastname: Venyaminov SYu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017122:Bacteriophage T4 / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005814:Genes, Viral; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014461:Ultracentrifugation; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C057839:fibritin protein, Enterobacteria phage T4