title: Cutaneous iontophoretic application of condensed lidocaine.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether iontophoretic application of high concentrations of lidocaine, with the same current, would produce cutaneous local anaesthesia rapidly enough for clinical practice. Twenty healthy volunteers, 17 male and three female, were selected for study. After five-minute or ten-minute iontophoresis using lidocaine 4, 10, 20, 30, 50%, we assessed the response to pin prick with a 27-gauge sterile needle inserted to the depth of 2 mm at five random locations in the iontophoretically-stimulated area. Also, plasma lidocaine concentrations were measured in the venous blood samples which had been taken from three male subjects, at 3, 10, and 30 min after iontophoresis with lidocaine 50%. The pain score after five-minute iontophoresis was higher than that after ten-minute iontophoresis, using each concentration of lidocaine (P < 0.001), whereas the pain scores had no correlation with lidocaine concentration within five-minute and ten-minute iontophoresis groups, respectively (P: NS). On the other hand, plasma lidocaine concentration was < 1.0 micrograms.ml-1 in all samples. No side effects other than erythema were observed after iontophoresis using high concentrations of lidocaine up to 50%. These results showed that by increasing the lidocaine concentration of the applied solution up to 50%, the application time of iontophoresis cannot be reduced from ten to five minutes without losing analgesic effect, although iontophoresis itself can be performed with safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashiki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amaha
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine