title: Evaluation of bromfenac and ibuprofen for pain after orthopedic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative analgesic potency and adverse effect liability of bromfenac 25, 50, and 100 mg, and ibuprofen 200 and 400 mg in the treatment of postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, single-dose, parallel-group relative potency assay with evaluations at 30 minutes and then at hourly intervals for up to 6 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two wards of the orthopedic surgery department at the Centralsjukhuset (Central Hospital) in Karlstad, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred inpatients with steady, moderate or severe pain within 72 hours after orthopedic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received a single oral dose of bromfenac 25, 50, or 100 mg, or ibuprofen 200 or 400 mg, when they experienced steady, moderate or severe pain that, in their opinion, required an analgesic. Using a self-rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief for 6 hours after medicating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was a valid relative potency assay with estimates of bromfenac's potency relative to ibuprofen ranging from 10.9 (nurse's global evaluation) to 16.7 (sum of hourly analog pain intensity difference scores). That is, 11-16 times the dose of ibuprofen must be administered to equal the analgesic effect of bromfenac. Patients who had eaten breakfast or lunch within 60 minutes before or 30 minutes after receiving the study medication ("fed" patients) had lower efficacy scores than those who had not ingested food within these time constraints before or after receiving the study medication ("fasted" patients). Furthermore, patients who had eaten before receiving the study medication had significantly lower efficacy scores than those who had eaten after receiving the study medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative potency of the analgesic effect of bromfenac to ibuprofen is 11-16.7 in patients with pain after orthopedic surgery. Fed patients may have lower analgesic efficacy than fasted patients. Adverse effects for both bromfenac and ibuprofen were transient and consistent with the pharmacologic profiles of the drugs.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery Clinic, Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boström
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adolfsson
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Beaver
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001969:Bromobenzenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009985:Orthopedics; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D001577:Benzophenones; D001969:Bromobenzenes; C053083:bromfenac; D007052:Ibuprofen