title: Enzymatic phosphorylation and pyrophosphorylation of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate, a key metabolite in the pathway for activation of the anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) agent 2',3'-dideoxyinosine.
abstract: 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate (ddAMP) is a key intermediate in the metabolic pathway involved in the activation of the anti-retroviral agent 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) to 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (ddATP). The potential phosphorylation of ddAMP by adenylate kinase (myokinase) and pyrophosphorylation by the reverse reaction of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase were investigated. Using ATP as phosphate donor, ddAMP was phosphorylated by adenylate kinase with an efficiency of 8.8% of that for AMP, as estimated from the Vmax/Km ratios. In the presence of PRPP, Escherichia coli and rat PRPP synthetases catalysed the pyrophosphorylation of ddAMP with efficiencies of 52 and 35% of that determined for AMP, respectively. Two carbocyclic phosphonate analogues of ddAMP were not substrates of adenylate kinase. Yet, they were pyrophosphorylated by both PRPP synthetases, albeit less efficiently than ddAMP. In vivo, the usual function of PRPP synthetase is to synthesize PRPP from ribose-5-phosphate and ATP. In the forward reaction ddATP proved to be a substrate as efficient as ATP for rat PRPP synthetase. ddATP was also studied as a potential phosphate donor in the reaction catalysed by adenylate kinase with AMP as phosphate acceptor and found to be as efficient as ATP. The relevance of these in vitro results to the in vivo situation is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Marion Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Navé
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eschbach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolff-Kugel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halazy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balzarini
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D003838:Deoxyadenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016049:Didanosine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D054306:Dideoxynucleotides; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D012268:Ribose-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D003838:Deoxyadenine Nucleotides; D054306:Dideoxynucleotides; C037773:2',3'-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate; C010110:2',3'-dideoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; D012268:Ribose-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase; D016049:Didanosine