title: Assessing the needs of women and clinicians for the management of menopause in an HMO.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the perceived needs of perimenopausal women regarding the management of menopause and the resource needs of the clinicians who treat them.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large staff and group network model health maintenance organization (HMO) in New England.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 790 perimenopausal women aged 45-60 years who were members of the HMO in 1991, and a random sample of 180 clinicians in internal medicine, family practice, and obstetrics/gynecology practicing in the HMO during 1991.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mailed surveys of women and clinicians were designed to assess possible needs and attitudes that could lead to the improvement of care for menopausal women. The chi-square test was used to determine differences in perceived needs and satisfaction levels among women with differences in self-reported menopausal status. The Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney U test were used in the clinician survey to test for differences among specialties and between genders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The key findings include that: 1) most (81%) of the women wanted to see a woman clinician, 2) many (50%) were interested in a menopause support group, 3) 30% reported that their care for menopause had been fair to poor, 4) only 55% of the primary care specialists (including internal medicine and family practice) reported high confidence in their abilities to treat menopause, compared with 68% of the obstetric/gynecology clinicians, and 5) 56% of the clinicians surveyed said that support from the HMO to their practices for the treatment of menopause was fair to poor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an opportunity for better care for perimenopausal women as reported by two sources, HMO clinicians and members. To provide this care, clinicians may need explicit guidelines as well as administrative supports such as educational materials and specialty access. Since the capability for menopausal care from clinicians in obstetrics/gynecology is perceived to be higher than that from primary care clinicians, an opportunity for cross-specialty collaboration and training may exist.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Community Health Plan, Brookline, MA 02146.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zazzali
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008404:Massachusetts; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D014932:Women's Health Services