title: Effect of potassium on the action of the KATP modulators cromakalim, pinacidil, or glibenclamide on arrhythmias in isolated perfused rat heart subjected to regional ischaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ATP sensitive potassium channel openers cromakalim (n = 10) and pinacidil (n = 10), and a blocker of this channel, glibenclamide (n = 10), were studied in isolated perfused rat hearts subjected to regional ischaemia at varying concentrations (2 to 8 mM) of external potassium ([K+]o).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearts were isolated and perfused on a Langendorff apparatus. Vehicle (0.1% DMSO), cromakalim (10 microM), pinacidil (10 microM), or glibenclamide (10 microM) were given 10 min before ischaemia. The left coronary artery was then occluded for 15 min and reperfused for 5 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No agent caused more than a 10% change in heart rate. Both cromakalim and pinacidil increased (30%), and glibenclamide decreased (30%) coronary flow at 4 and 6 mM [K+]o. In the vehicle group, increases in [K+]o produced concentration dependent reductions in arrhythmia scores by decreasing ventricular fibrillation. No concentration dependent effects of [K+]o on ischaemic ventricular tachycardia was observed. Under ischaemic conditions, potassium channel openers and glibenclamide more markedly reduced ischaemic ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation relative to the effects of increased [K+]o.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ischaemic ventricular fibrillation was inversely related to changes in [K+]o, whereas effects on ventricular tachycardia were all-or-none. Neither potassium channel openers nor glibenclamide elicited significant proarrhythmic activity despite variations in [K+]o. These data suggest that both potassium channel openers and glibenclamide display potential antiarrhythmic activity through their ability to abolish two distinct arrhythmogenic mechanisms during ischaemia. It is also suggested that the underlying mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation are coupled during ischaemia in the rat.
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: D'Alonzo
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Darbenzio
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sewter
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Sleph
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Grover
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D019806:Cromakalim; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010477:Perfusion; D020110:Pinacidil; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D006146:Guanidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019806:Cromakalim; D020110:Pinacidil; D011188:Potassium; D005905:Glyburide