title: Influence of major depression on 1-year outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: The authors examine those factors that contributed to deterioration in social functioning, activities of daily living, or intellectual functioning during a 1-year period after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Fifty-two patients suffering an acute TBI were evaluated for existence and severity of mood disorders and impairment during their hospital stays and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up examinations. Patients whose scores on intellectual function, social function, or daily activities deteriorated during the 1-year period after trauma were considered to have a poor outcome. Eleven of 52 patients had a poor outcome in social function, which was associated with race, right-hemisphere lesions, intellectual impairment, and prolonged major depression. Seven of 52 patients had a poor outcome in daily activities, which was associated with a major depression of more than 6 months' duration and severity of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. Eleven of these patients had a poor outcome in cognitive function, which was associated with cognitive impairment immediately after TBI. A major depression lasting more than 6 months was associated with deterioration of social functioning and activities of daily living during the 1-year period after TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Starkstein
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Arndt
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications; D044383:Black People; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012917:Social Adjustment; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed