title: [Obstetric analgesia using continuous epidural perfusion of bupivacaine, adrenaline, and fentanyl].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and complications of continuous epidural perfusion of bupivacaine, adrenaline and fentanyl in the relief of pain during first and second stage labour during vaginal birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1990 and March 1993 we used continuous epidural perfusion for control of pain during labor in 1307 women. The solution administered through an epidural catheter and maintained until expulsion was one 10 ml bolus of bupivacaine 0.25% with adrenaline 1:200,000 and fentanyl 25 micrograms followed by continuous perfusion of bupivacaine 0.0625% with adrenaline 1:200,000 and fentanyl 2 micrograms/ml at an infusion rate of 12 ml/h. When analgesia was insufficient, a bolus of local anesthetic was administered or a pudendal block was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two percent of the birthing women reported good analgesic effect during the first stage; for 7% the effect was fair and for 0.55% it was poor. During the second stage 88% reported satisfactory analgesia, and 8% fair or poor. Assessment was not possible for the remaining women, who underwent cesarean sections. Complications were few and easily controllable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maintenance of epidural perfusion with 0.0625% bupivacaine with adrenaline 1:200,000 and fentanyl 2 micrograms/ml provides sufficient analgesia during all stages of childbirth.
authors.affiliation: Servico de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vilanova
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santacana
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Villar-Landeira
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D001034:Apgar Score; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007747:Labor Stage, First; D007748:Labor Stage, Second; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine
vernacular_title: Analgesia obstétrica mediante perfusión epidural continua de bupivacaína, adrenalina y fentanilo.