title: Spontaneous abortion in immunodeficient SCID mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immunodeficient SCID mice on the CB-17 have been used to test the role of "rejection" in a xenogeneic blastocyst transfer model of recurrent miscarriage, but interpretation of the data requires knowing syngeneic within-species matings have a high success rate and do not require immunotrophic factors expected only in immunocompetent non-T-cell deficient mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resorption rates were studied in a SCID CB-17 barrier facility that provided the mice used to test the role of immunology in the resorption model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spontaneous resorption in syngeneically mated immunodeficient SCID mice on the CB-17 background occurred at an unexpectedly high rate and could not be prevented by treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antibody or GM-CSF, both of which are effective in ameliorating abortion in DBA/2J-mated CBA/J mice. Immunocompetent CB-17 +/+ mice showed an even higher rate of loss. The latter was also not affected by treatment with antiasialo GM1 antibody or by GM-CSF and was not prevented by tetracycline (which is effective in the DBA/2-CBA/J system) or progesterone treatment. Mating experiments showed a scid/+ x scid@+ cross gave the highest rate of loss, and it appeared that the presence of +/(+)-type embryos in the uterus could be augmenting abortion with selective discrimination against scid/scid embryos. High abortion rates were associated both with appearance of a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. in feces and with loss of one component of the SPF flora. Decidual tissue from mated CB-17 +/+ mice showed premature release of TNF-alpha in absence of TGF-beta 2-related suppressor activity, and vascular lesions (fibrinoid necrosis), varying in extent, were associated with both scid/scid x scid/scid and +/+ x +/+ pregnancies. TNF-alpha also appeared prematurely in pregnant scid/scid mice, but the levels were lower (and areas of necrosis smaller than in +/+ x +/+ pregnancies). Outcrossing onto a C57B1/6 background dramatically reduced the abortion rate, indicating an important genetic effect on susceptibility with heterogeneity protecting against abortion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCID mice on the CB-17 background do not have a high rate of successful syngeneic pregnancies, and a TNF-alpha induced vasculopathy may be responsible. Abortion was not caused by immunodeficiency leading to loss of immunotrophism because immunocompetent non-SCID CB-17 mice had a higher rate of loss. Factors augmenting the abortion rate included the presence of embryos of the +/+ genotype in the uterus and treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antibody. Abortion rates were not reduced by treatments effective in the DBA/2-mated CBA/J mouse model but were reduced by re-establishing a new colony with defined flora (a temporary effect) and by outcrossing mice with a different (C57B1/6) background. Together, the data suggest an infectious trigger (identity uncertain) of the vasculopathy and an important genetic influence on susceptibility with heterozygosity and a SCID mouse mutation providing against abortion a degree of protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quarrington
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banwatt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manuel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fulop
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005327:Fetal Resorption / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D008098:Litter Size; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012744:Sex Ratio; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha