title: Comparative efficacy of sunscreen reapplication regimens in children exposed to ambient sunlight.
abstract: Undercompliance with sunscreen reapplication recommendations is a probable factor in suboptimal childhood ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protection. However, improving on the ability of sunscreens to absorb UVR without requiring frequent reapplication is difficult because the models most frequently used to develop and evaluate photoprotectants have only a limited ability to incorporate behavioral and environmental variables that are primarily responsible for loss of sunscreen efficacy. Hence, the objective of the present work was to develop a method to evaluate the efficacy of various regimens of sunscreen reapplication in children, under conditions of unrestricted behavior and exposure to ambient sunlight. Ninety-eight children, ages 7-12, Fitzpatrick skin types I-III, were divided between two study groups. The majority were types I-II, and all types were approximately equally represented between the groups. The children received single or multiple applications of a sun protection factor 25 sunscreen to preassigned lateral halves of the body and engaged in unrestricted activities throughout a 6- (group I) or 8-h (group II) period of sun exposure at a seaside location. The end measurement for these studies was incidence and severity of erythema 18 to 22 h after peak UV exposure. The results obtained showed that 1 or 4 sunscreen applications yielded comparable erythema protection after a 6-hour sun exposure, totaling 13 minimal erythema doses (MED). However, after an 8-h, 21 MED exposure, incidence and severity of erythema was greater at body sites treated with 1 compared with 5 sunscreen applications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Sharon Woods Technical Center, Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45241.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Odio
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Veres
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004890:Erythema / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013471:Sunburn / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D002934:Cinnamates; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014867:Water; C009495:titanium dioxide; C118580:octylmethoxycinnamate; C088673:octocrylene; D014025:Titanium