title: Ipratropium bromide in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effect on health service expenditures.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is estimated to affect 32 million Americans, is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. This retrospective study was designed to discern the economic utility of initial pharmacotherapy with various individual drugs in the management of COPD, as well as subsequent costs incurred as disease progression necessitated combination therapy. Data for this analysis were derived from the computer archive of a network-model health maintenance organization. During the first 6 months post-diagnosis for COPD, results indicated a significant (P < or = 0.05) increase in expenditures for physicians, hospital care, and total health service utilization for patients prescribed theophylline, a corticosteroid (triamcinolone or beclomethasone) delivered via a metered-dose inhaler, or albuterol delivered via a metered-dose inhaler as initial monotherapy compared with patients prescribed ipratropium bromide (IB) delivered via a metered-dose inhaler. Patients receiving initial pharmacotherapy with ipratropium bromide and subsequently adding albuterol used significantly less health care services (P < or = 0.05) during the first 15 months post-diagnosis for COPD than did patients prescribed all other combination therapies we evaluated.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sclar
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Legg
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Skaer
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Nemic
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000191:economics; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D009241:Ipratropium