title: Examination of the factor structure of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire with clinical populations.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire in a clinical population. The questionnaire, designed to measure coping behaviors in a community-residing well population, contained eight empirically constructed factors. Confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL was used to validate this original eight-factor model with 655 community-residing adults with multiple sclerosis or a spinal cord injury. The hypothesized model was not a good fit to the data. Subsequent analyses, using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis procedures, identified three different coping factors: Cognitive Reframing, Emotional Respite, and Direct Assistance. These factors appeared to have greater applicability to people with chronic conditions. The kinds of coping behaviors used to manage stressful situations by individuals who are well may be quite different from those used by community-residing populations with long-term chronic conditions.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Akron, OH.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Wineman
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McCulloch
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005201:Fantasy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012944:Social Support; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*