title: Hyperinsulinemic obesity and carbohydrate addiction: the missing link is the carbohydrate frequency factor.
abstract: It is proposed that chronic hyperinsulinemia is largely responsible for hunger, cravings and weight gain observed in many obese. This form of obesity can be treated by decreasing frequency of daily intake of carbohydrates to one well-balance meal each day and allowing for additional meals that are low in fat, low carbohydrates and high fiber. Animal experimentation and epidemiological evidence support the role of chronic hyperinsulinemia as a major factor in obesity and accounts for the frequent failures of diet and behavioral modification programs. Chronic hyperinsulinemia upsets metabolic balances and favors anabolic metabolism; fosters carbohydrate cravings; promotes insulin resistance which further promotes anabolic metabolism; and insulin resistance in turn exacerbates chronic hyperinsulinemia. This vicious cycle maintains excess weight and defeats diet and behavioral modification attempts to treat obesity. An eating program focused on reduction of chronic hyperinsulinemia coupled with appropriate exercise and behavior modification can successfully and permanently bring down cravings, hunger and body weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Heller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000150:complications; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin