title: Photodegradation studies on chloroquine phosphate by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to study degraded chloroquine samples produced after exposure to sunlight in the Sudan. The method was also used to investigate chloroquine photodegradation after irradiation by UV and sunlight at ambient temperature. The study showed that the photodecomposition of chloroquine was pH and solvent dependent. Moreover, the extent of reaction was found to increase in the absence of oxygen. At pH 8, where the reaction rate was high, the photodecomposition was found to follow pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The HPLC method developed was also employed to analyse chloroquine and its degradation products in two commercially available brands of chloroquine injections which had been stored under local conditions in the Sudan. A number of degradation products were separated and examined by photodiode array spectroscopy and preparative TLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Abdelrahman
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fell
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004355:Drug Stability; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010777:Photochemistry; D012997:Solvents; D013397:Sudan; D013472:Sunlight; D013696:Temperature; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D012997:Solvents; C023676:chloroquine diphosphate; D002738:Chloroquine