title: Acute lung inflammation: neutrophil elastase versus neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage--neutrophil elastase reflects better inflammatory intensity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis whether PMN-Elastase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) could reflect neutrophil activity in the lower respiratory tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively, morphologic findings of acute and chronic inflammation in the transbronchial lung biopsy specimens were compared with the numbers of neutrophils in the BALF and the concentration of PMN-Elastase in the same.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory outpatient service of bronchology and respiratory physiopathology and intensive care unit of a communal hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 ambulatory outpatients and 10 critically ill patients of the ICU, presenting infiltrative lung diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transbronchial lung biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Venous blood samples were obtained after bronchoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biopsy specimens and cell count in the BALF were examined by light microscopy. PMN-Elastase and albumin were measured in the BALF-supernatant and in the plasma. C-reactive protein (CRP) and a1 proteinase inhibitor (a1-PI) were measured in the plasma. Intrapulmonary originating PMN-Elastase was calculated with reference to albumin. The results concerning acute inflammation obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) (n = 16) correlated better with the levels of PMN-Elastase in the BALF (n = 21) than with the neutrophil count (n = 28) (p < 0.5 versus p < 0.025 for chi 2). The sensitivities and specificities of the above methods were respectively 76.9%, 100%, 100% and 100%, 95.2%, 63.1%. The intrapulmonary originating PMN-Elastase was about 99.7% of the measured BALF-Elastase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PMN-Elastase concentration in the BALF is a more accurate indicator of the inflammatory intensity in the alveolar structures than in the number of neutrophils. It may therefore be useful to the clinician in his attempt to detect acute inflammation in the lower respiratory tract.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Army Share Fund Hospital, NIMTS, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lengas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poletti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pacifico
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: di Domizio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spiga
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000097:blood*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase