title: Cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the nipple after ventriculoperitoneal shunt: case report.
abstract: A case of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction is presented, in which cerebrospinal fluid was discharged from the nipple. A pseudocyst was found at the end of peritoneal catheter in the right subphrenic abdominal cavity. In addition, a fibrous tract was formed around the peritoneal catheter and communicated with the lactiferous duct probably injured incidentally during the subcutaneous insertion of catheter. Consequently, cerebrospinal fluid accumulated in the pseudocyst in the abdominal cavity and then flowed backward in the fibrous tract to the lactiferous duct during the respiration to discharge from the nipple.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000295:instrumentation*