title: Thrombospondin binds and activates the small and large forms of latent transforming growth factor-beta in a chemically defined system.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent growth regulatory protein normally secreted by cells in a latent form. Primary regulation of TGF-beta activity occurs through factors which control the processing of the latent to the biologically active molecule. Thrombospondin (TSP), a platelet alpha-granule and extracellular matrix protein, forms specific complexes with active TGF-beta in platelet releasate and activates endogenous latent TGF-beta secreted by endothelial cells via a cell- and protease-independent mechanism. In order to better understand TSP-mediated activation of cell-secreted latent TGF-beta, we examined the consequences of interactions of the large (platelet-derived) and small (recombinant) forms of latent TGF-beta with TSP in a chemically defined system. Data from these studies show that interactions between TSP and both forms of latent TGF-beta result in the generation of biologically active TGF-beta as assayed by the ability of NRK-49F cells to form colonies in soft agar, by the ability to compete for binding to TGF-beta receptors on endothelial cells, and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay selective for the active form of TGF-beta. Activation of latent TGF-beta by TSP stripped of associated TGF-beta activity (sTSP) is time- and concentration-dependent, but temperature-independent. The mechanism whereby sTSP activates latent TGF-beta appears to involve the direct binding of sTSP to the latent molecule as shown by gel permeation chromatography. In addition, a polyclonal antibody specific for the amino-terminal region of the latency-associated peptide (amino acids 81-94) inhibits sTSP-mediated activation of latent TGF-beta in both the chemically defined system and in endothelial cell conditioned medium. These data and the observation that similar concentrations of sTSP activate latent TGF-beta in both the chemically defined system and in the endothelial cell system indicate that there is a common mechanism by which TSP activates the small, large, and endothelial cell-derived latent TGF-beta complexes. The ability of TSP to convert latent TGF-beta to biologically active TGF-beta suggests that TSP is a major regulatory factor in the control of TGF-beta activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-0019.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schultz-Cherry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gentry
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Murphy-Ullrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001681:Biological Assay; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011506:Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019699:Thrombospondins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011506:Proteins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019699:Thrombospondins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1