title: Experience of a single team of operators in 891 diagnostic funipunctures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of diagnostic funipuncture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 1985 and November 1993, fetal circulation was accessed 891 times in 828 pregnancies. The technique was similar to that described in earlier studies. We did not make more than two attempts at the procedure in any session. Each procedure was recorded prospectively in a computerized data base. Data included information about indications, laboratory indices, gestational age, number of successful and failed punctures, duration of fetal bradycardia, duration of bleeding, ultrasonographic findings, follow-up of pregnancies, and perinatal outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent indication was rapid karyotyping (48.9%), followed by risk of congenital infection (38.6%). The success rate of the method was high (98.6%). Most samples (97%) were pure fetal blood, undiluted by amniotic fluid. Transient bleeding was observed from the cord puncture site in 9.8% of the procedures. Sixty-three percent of prolonged bradycardia occurred in growth-retarded or congenitally malformed fetuses. Seven fetal and neonatal deaths (five pregnancies) occurred within 1 week after the funipuncture; the funipuncture indication was rapid karyotyping in four of these cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Funipuncture performed by operators trained in ultrasonic needle guidance is a safe and reliable procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Erasme, Free University of Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karioun
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Avni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodesch
mesh_terms: D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D014470:Umbilical Cord