title: Rates, patterns, causes, and costs of hospitalization of nursing home residents: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hospitalization of nursing home residents is a growing, poorly defined problem. The purposes of this study were to define rates, patterns, costs, and outcomes of hospitalizations from nursing homes and to consider implications for reducing this problem as part of health care reform.
  
  
  METHODS
  Communitywide nursing home utilization review and hospital discharge data were used to define retrospectively a cohort of 2120 patients newly admitted to nursing homes; these patients were followed for 2 years to identify all hospitalizations. Resident characteristics were analyzed for predictors of hospitalization. Charges and outcomes were compared with hospitalization of community-dwelling elders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospitalization rates were strikingly higher for intermediate vs skilled levels of care (566 and 346 per 1000 resident years, respectively). Approximately 40% of all hospitalizations occurred within 3 months of admission. No strong predictors were identified. Length of stay, charges, and mortality rates were higher than for hospitalizations from the community.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospitalizations from nursing homes are not easily predicted but may in large part be prevented through health care reforms that integrate acute and longterm care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY 14642.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Freundlich
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Eggert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018166:Health Care Reform; D006304:Health Status; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009518:New York; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data