title: Significant medical pathology uncovered by a comprehensive male infertility evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there was a specific screening regimen that could identify all patients with significant medical pathology found during a comprehensive male infertility evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two university-based male infertility clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients with male factor infertility identified with significant medical pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial presentation, history, physical examination, semen analysis, and hormone profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The identification of significant medical pathology was uncovered in 13 of 1,236 patients (1.1%) presenting to a male infertility clinic. The pathology was identified with a thorough history in 4 of 13 patients (30.8%) and by a complete physical examination in 8 of 13 patients (61.5%). Semen analyses were available on 12 patients, and 1 patient was anejaculatory. Two patients were azoospermic. Of the patients with sperm present, the mean sperm concentration was 8.6 x 10(6)/mL (range, 0.8 to 27), and the mean sperm motility was 32.0% (range, 0% to 65%). In 5 patients, endocrine abnormalities were specifically related to the subsequent pathology identified. A tumor was identified in 10 patients (6 testicular tumors, 3 brain tumors, and 1 spinal cord tumor). Two patients had ejaculatory dysfunction as a result of mesonephric duct anomalies affecting the ejaculatory duct or bladder neck closure. One patient had Klinefelter's syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no pathognomonic finding on history, physical examination, semen analysis, or hormone profile that identified all patients with significant medical pathology. The significant medical pathology identified was represented in all semen quality groupings, that is, azoospermia, severe oligospermia, mild oligospermia, and normospermia. We recommend a comprehensive urologic evaluation for all male partners of infertile couples with a male factor or unexplained infertility in an attempt to identify significant and potentially treatable medical pathology before engaging in a series of therapies with assisted reproductive techniques.
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Honig
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Lipshultz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jarow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D004542:Ejaculation; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography