title: Effects of central muscarinic blockade on passive avoidance: anterograde amnesia, state dependency, or both?
abstract: It was recently reported that administration of relatively high intensities of footshock (overreinforcement) during training of passive avoidance protected animals against the amnesic effect of scopolamine, injected 5 min after training. This was interpreted in terms of a lesser involvement of acetylcholine in memory consolidation. An alternative explanation was that overreinforcement accelerated the consolidation process, which could have taken place before the injection of scopolamine. To test for this possibility, male Wistar rats were injected with 4, 8, or 12 mg/kg of scopolamine, 5 min before training with low or high levels of footshock and then tested for retention of the task. Scopolamine induced the expected memory deficit after the low-intensity footshock; after overreinforcement the higher doses of scopolamine induced state dependency, while no deficits were produced with the lower dose. It was concluded that: (a) acetylcholine is indeed involved in memory consolidation of passive avoidance; (b) scopolamine interacts with high footshock levels to produce state dependency; and (c) when relatively low doses of scopolamine are used in conditions of overreinforcement, protection against scopolamine-induced amnesia becomes evident.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Quirarte
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Cruz-Morales
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cepeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Montañez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roldán-Roldán
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Prado-Alcalá
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
chemical_list: D012601:Scopolamine