title: A randomized prospective study of the cost-effectiveness of the conventional spike, O-set, and UVXD techniques in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of three techniques for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): the conventional spike technique (C), the O-set (O), and UVXD (U, ultraviolet irradiation connection box).
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized and prospective comparison of three CAPD techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary referral and a satellite dialysis center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients with end-stage renal failure between 10 and 70 years of age, with good hand-eye coordination and not anticipated to receive a living related transplant within 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized by referral to a table of random numbers to perform one of the three CAPD techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Training time, details of peritonitis and exit-site infection (ESI) including the costs of antibiotic treatment, outpatient visits, hospital stays, technique, and patient survival were analyzed after a minimum follow-up period of one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 38, 31, and 31 patients in groups C, O, and U, respectively, and the total observation periods were 838, 802, and 745 patient-months, respectively. The peritonitis rates for C, O, and U were 21.5, 30.8, and 29.8 patient-months/episode, respectively. The corresponding ESI rates were 16.4, 14.9, and 24 patient-months/episode, respectively. When the time from the commencement of CAPD to the first infection was expressed using the Kaplan-Meier life table analysis, 39.5%, 67.7%, and 61.3% of patients in Groups C, O, and U were free from peritonitis at one year (p = 0.088). The corresponding figures for ESI were 52.6%, 48.4%, and 61.3% (p = 0.35). There was no significant difference in technique survival in the three treatment groups. An analysis of the costs related to the use of antibiotics, outpatient visits, and hospital stays necessary for the treatment of peritonitis and ESI and those related to training time, additional equipment, and consumables required for the three CAPD techniques showed that, overall, the cost in O was the lowest, followed by U and C (U.S. $158, $170, and $179 per patient-month, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the O-set is a more cost-effective CAPD technique than UVXD, while both are more cost-effective than the conventional spike technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong.
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies