title: Spinal extradural arteriovenous malformation presenting with recurrent hemorrhage and intermittent paraplegia: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Symptomatic spinal extradural arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon. They usually present with slowly progressive myelopathy and/or radiculopathy and only rarely with spinal extradural hemorrhage (SEH). Histopathologic features of a true spinal extradural AVM causing an overt SEH have only previously been described in four cases. A further case of a histologically confirmed spinal extradural AVM causing SEH in a 50-year-old otherwise medically normal Caucasian woman is presented. Recurrent hemorrhage resulted in intermittent paraplegia and acute chest/shoulder pain--diagnosed initially as hysteria. Interesting sequential myelographic, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging studies are presented, and the literature on spinal extradural AVMs presenting with SEH is reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Neurology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Wales, U.K.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Selmi
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Cast
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007796:Laminectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009192:Myelography; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome