title: Preserved cognitive skills in dementia of the Alzheimer type.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe preserved cognitive skills in patients with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients who met National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease and were claimed to retain a cognitive skill.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard neuropsychological tests and individualized measures of patient's skilled behaviors. For patients who remained skilled at games, performance was compared with that of normal controls in direct competition. For the patient-trombonist, raters compared premorbid and postmorbid recordings of his play.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient continued to play the trombone in a Dixieland band, although he could not name well-known numbers that he played. Another continued to solve adult jigsaw puzzles. A third patient retained skill at canasta, the fourth at dominoes. The fifth patient remained a skillful contract bridge player, although he could not name the suits or articulate simple bidding rules. Four patients had impaired performance on standard anterograde and remote memory and naming tests but performed normally on pursuit rotor and letter fluency tests. Mini-Mental State Examination scores for these patients ranged from 10 to 22. One patient refused neuropsychological testing but displayed his skill.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together with previous studies of preserved piano playing or painting skills, our findings indicate that a broad range of complex cognitive abilities may be preserved in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type who cannot perform simpler actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Beatty
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Littleford
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance