title: beta-Carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.21) isolation reaction mechanism and an improved assay procedure.
abstract: beta-Carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.21; beta-carotene dioxygenase) activity in extracts from guinea-pig intestinal mucosa was assayed by supplying [15,15'-14C2]- or [15,15'-3H2] beta-carotene dissolved in Tween 80. Methods were developed to minimize the breakdown of labelled beta-carotene and beta-carotene cleavage products during the isolation procedure. Antioxidants and unlabelled carriers were added to extracting solvents and C18 Sep-Pak cartridges were used to isolate the remaining beta-carotene and retinaldehyde, which was the only cleavage product detected. The labelled material produced by the enzyme was analysed by either normal-phase TLC or reversed-phase HPLC and characterized chemically as retinaldehyde. The lack of other labelled apo-carotenals isolated in these experiments and the formation of between 1.5 and 2 mol retinaldehyde/mol beta-carotene consumed confirm the central cleavage mechanism for the enzyme's action. More beta-carotene dioxygenase activity was obtained from guinea-pig mucosa than from chicken or pig intestinal mucosa. The beta-carotene dioxygenase was obtained as a soluble enzyme which was partially purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography to a specific activity of 0.6 nmol retinaldehyde formed/mg protein per h. The formation of a lipid-protein aggregate containing the beta-carotene dioxygenase activity, which has been reported to be present in the exclusion volume of Sephadex columns, was avoided if the mucosal scrapings were homogenized in buffer at a proportion of 1:4 (w/v).
authors.affiliation: School of Biochemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devery
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Milborrow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000032:analysis; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis; D050559:beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase
chemical_list: C493357:Bco1 protein, rat; D014801:Vitamin A; D010105:Oxygenases; D050559:beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase; D012172:Retinaldehyde