title: Update on the Cloward procedure: new instruments.
abstract: A series of 283 patients who suffered from cervical spondylosis, herniated disc, or traumatic pathology of the cervical spine were operated on using an anterior approach. Intersomatic arthrodesis was performed in 350 cases; in every case, a threaded bone graft was screwed into the intervertebral orifice using the technique described by the author. Fusion was achieved within 6 months in 93% of cases with 92 autologous grafts and in 81% of cases with 258 heterologous grafts. In addition to the use of threaded intervertebral holes and threaded bone grafts, the Cloward technique was modified by the introduction of a set of new instruments, which largely replaced the ones previously use. These included a low-speed motor with different drills and trephines, a trephine guide retractor, and an intersomatic retractor.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Xeral, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Otero Vich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000601:surgery; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013128:Spinal Osteophytosis / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous