Type C retrovirus inactivation by human complement is determined by both the viral genome and the producer cell.
The inactivation of type C retroviruses by human serum may be a considerable impediment to the use of retroviral vectors in vivo for gene therapy. Here we show that virus inactivation is dependent both on the virus and on the cell line used to produce the virus. All viruses produced from murine NIH 3T3 or dog Cf2ThS+L- cells are sensitive to human serum. In contrast, those produced from mink Mv-1-Lu and human HOS or TE671 cells are at least partially resistant, with the exception of murine leukemia viruses. In particular, the feline endogenous virus RD114 is completely resistant to a panel of eight human sera when produced from Mv-1-Lu or HOS cells. This differential resistance is controlled by the viral envelope proteins. Virus inactivation can be correlated with the ability of the producer cells to be lysed by human serum. Inactivation of sensitive viruses requires the classical pathway of complement but does not require virion lysis.
Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
Y
Y
Takeuchi
F L
FL
Cosset
P J
PJ
Lachmann
H
H
Okada
R A
RA
Weiss
M K
MK
Collins
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D002470:Cell Survival; D003175:Complement C2 / Q000172:deficiency; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D003186:Complement C9 / Q000172:deficiency; D003171:Complement Pathway, Classical; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D003470:Culture Media; D004285:Dogs; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D014771:Virion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development
D003175:Complement C2; D003176:Complement C3; D003186:Complement C9; D003470:Culture Media; D003165:Complement System Proteins