Jugular bulb saturation and cognitive dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Inadequate cerebral oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass may lead to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac operations. A psychological test battery was administered to 255 patients before cardiac operation and just before hospital discharge. Postoperative impairment was defined as a decline of more than one standard deviation in 20% of tests. Variables significantly (p < 0.05) associated with postoperative cognitive impairment are baseline psychometric scores, largest arterial-venous oxygen difference, and years of education. Jugular bulb hemoglobin saturation is significant if it replaces arterial-venous oxygen difference in the model. Factors correlated with jugular bulb saturation at normothermia were cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (r = -0.6; p < 0.0005), cerebral blood flow (r = 0.4; p < 0.0005), oxygen delivery (r = 0.4; p < 0.0005), and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.15; p < 0.05). Three measures were significantly related to desaturation at normothermia and at hypothermia as well: greater cerebral oxygen extraction, greater arterial-venous oxygen difference, and lower ratio of cerebral blood flow to arterial-venous oxygen difference. We conclude that cerebral venous desaturation occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass in 17% to 23% of people and is associated with impaired postoperative cognitive test performance.
Croughwell
N D
ND
Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Newman
M F
MF
Blumenthal
J A
JA
White
W D
WD
Lewis
J B
JB
Frasco
P E
PE
Smith
L R
LR
Thyrum
E A
EA
Hurwitz
B J
BJ
Leone
B J
BJ
D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011581:Psychological Tests
D010100:Oxygen