Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia.
Using the Waldrop scale, minor physical anomalies were studied in 82 Caucasian subjects, including 41 schizophrenic and 8 bipolar adults, as well as 14 normal and 19 mentally retarded adults. An increased incidence of minor physical anomalies was found in the mentally retarded adults relative to the other groups. Consistent with previous studies, there was a trend for the total mean Waldrop score of the schizophrenic group to be higher than the mean score of the normal group. Minor physical anomalies (assessed by the Waldrop scale), however, appear to be of questionable utility in identifying "congenital" schizophrenia, at least as this putative subgroup of schizophrenia is currently conceptualized.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
R C
RC
Alexander
S
S
Mukherjee
J
J
Richter
C A
CA
Kaufmann
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004431:Ear, External / Q000002:abnormalities; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D006257:Head / Q000002:abnormalities; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009056:Mouth Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012737:Sex Factors