Aging and cardiovascular responsiveness to beta-agonist in humans: role of changes in beta-receptor responses versus baroreflex activity.
OBJECTIVE
To assess age-related changes in the cardiac chronotropic and inotropic responses and arterial responses to beta-receptor stimulation and the potential role of the arterial baroreflex on these responses.


RESULTS
Isoproterenol alone was infused in 14 young subjects (age, 30 +/- 2 years) and 15 older healthy volunteers (age, 60 +/- 2 years) and together with ganglionic blockade (trimethaphan) in eight young and eight older subjects. Isoproterenol was infused at 3 to 4 incremental rates. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and peripheral arterial responses were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Before ganglionic blockade, isoproterenol at infusion rates from 0.005 to 0.03 micrograms/kg/min caused similar changes in heart rate, ejection fraction, and mean normalized systolic ejection rate in the young and older subjects. With concomitant use of trimethaphan, isoproterenol at infusion rates from 0.0025 to 0.01 micrograms/kg/min caused in young subjects a larger increase in heart rate (29 +/- 2 beats/min [young] versus 20 +/- 3 [older] at peak infusion; p = 0.03), ejection fraction (11% +/- 2% [young] versus 6% +/- 1% [older]; p < 0.01), and mean normalized systolic ejection rate (1.13 +/- 0.2 ml/sec [young] versus 0.48 +/- 0.09 [older]; p < 0.01). Whereas percentage changes in total peripheral resistance were larger in the young subjects, there were no significant age-related differences in the responses of forearm blood flow and resistance before or after ganglionic blockade.


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate an age-related decrease in beta-receptor responsiveness of both sinoatrial node and ventricular myocardium that is masked by a concomitant decrease in the baroreflex control of the heart.
Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada.
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M
White
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FH
Leenen
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014294:Trimethaphan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D010656:Phenylephrine; D014294:Trimethaphan; D001285:Atropine; D007545:Isoproterenol