Electrophysiological and biochemical effects following single doses of organophosphates in the mouse.
Single doses of organophosphates (mipafox or ecothiopate) were given subcutaneously to mice. At intervals up to 77 days after dosing animals were killed and muscle action potentials and endplate potentials were recorded intracellularly in mouse phrenic-nerve/hemidiaphragm preparations. Activities of acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase in brain and acetylcholinesterase in diaphragm were also measured. Mipafox (0.11 mmol/kg), a neurotoxic organophosphate, produced an increase in prejunctional jitter (i.e. the variabilities of the latencies) of endplate potentials. This increase began 14-21 days after administration and lasted more than 23 days. No clinical signs of neuropathy were observed during this study. Mipafox also produced an increase in postjunctional (muscle action potential) jitter. Mipafox inhibited brain and diaphragm acetylcholinesterase and brain neuropathy target esterase. By comparison, a non-neurotoxic organophosphate, ecothiopate (0.5 mumol/kg), was a potent inhibitor of diaphragm acetylcholinesterase and produced a large increase in postjunctional jitter but ecothiopate did not inhibit brain neuropathy target esterase and had no effect on prejunctional jitter. Doses were chosen so that the inhibition of diaphragm acetylcholinesterase by each of the two organophosphates was similar. It is concluded that the neurotoxic organophosphate, mipafox, produced measurable changes in nerve function. These long-term changes may represent a new phenomenon, unrelated to the classical organophosphate induced delayed neuropathy. Alternatively, they may represent a neuropathic process which precedes or is below the threshold for clinical signs.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
S S
SS
Kelly
E
E
Mutch
F M
FM
Williams
P G
PG
Blain
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D004456:Echothiophate Iodide / Q000633:toxicity*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007531:Isoflurophate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
D007531:Isoflurophate; C005238:mipafox; D004456:Echothiophate Iodide; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase