Influence of tumoral, radiobiological, and general factors on local control and survival of a series of 361 tumors of the velotonsillar area treated by exclusive irradiation (external beam irradiation+brachytherapy or brachytherapy alone)
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate statistically the factors influencing the therapeutic results.


METHODS
A statistical study was carried out concerning 361 patients treated from 1977 to 1991 for velotonsillar carcinoma. They received either brachytherapy alone (18) or a combination of external beam irradiation and brachytherapy (343 patients) using an afterloading iridium technique in plastic tubes. The distribution of patients according to the localization was: 128 tonsils, 134 soft palates, 9 posterior pillars, 63 anterior pillars, and 27 glossotonsillar sulcus. The patients were staged as follows: 90 T1, 141 T2, 119 T3, 2 T4, 9 Tx with 230 N0, 93 N1, 9 N2, 20 N3, and 9 Nx.


RESULTS
The results at 5 and 10 years show: local control 80% and 74%, locoregional control 75% and 70%, overall survival 53% and 27%, specific survival 63% and 52%, respectively. The univariate study shows at 5 years a better local control for T1T2 (87%) compared with T3 (67%) with p = 0.00004. The locoregional control is better for N0 (80%) than for N+ (55%) with p = 0.002. This is the same for the overall survival (59% vs. 42%, p = 0.002). Tumors with an extension to the mobile tongue or the base have a poor prognosis (p < 0.002). The radiobiological factors show less recurrences if the total duration of the treatment is < 55 days, the number of days between External Beam Irradiation and brachytherapy is < 20. The security margin seems important also.


CONCLUSIONS
For the combination external irradiation and brachytherapy, the multivariate study for local control shows that ony T, localization, and the total duration of treatment are significant. For complications, classified into four grades, only the dose rate is significant.
Pernot
M
M
Department of Brachytherapy, Centre Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
Malissard
L
L
Hoffstetter
S
S
Luporsi
E
E
Aletti
P
P
Peiffert
D
D
Allavena
C
C
Kozminski
P
P
Bey
P
P
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010157:Palatal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014067:Tonsillar Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*
D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes