Innocents abroad: Western fantasies of childhood and the iconography of emergencies.
In this paper I explore the emotional interests maintained by the imagery of children used in Third World emergencies. Boundaries between adult and child are reproduced through relations of paternalism between North and South, such that the infantilisation of the South exemplified in imagery of children works to secure the competence and maturity of the Northern donor. Drawing on both analyses of the cultural origins and meanings of concepts of childhood and psychoanalytic perspectives, I suggest that media coverage of disasters arouses both identification and strategies to ward off and protect from the anxiety this brings. The gendered as well as geographical distribution of qualities of children's innocence and experience are discussed, drawing on both general imagery of children and recent coverage of children and child-saving, particularly in the former Yugoslavia. Developing analyses of 'disaster pornography', the paper explores how children appear as the principal focal objects onto which attention is pinned and as the signifiers of distress. This is at the cost of dehumanizing both children, their families and their cultures, and rendering them passive objects of a western gaze which seeks to confirm its own agency and omnipotence to ward off its own insecurities. While aid organisations and campaigns necessarily engage with, and sometimes collude with, these reactions, the paper ends by suggesting that there may be strategies whereby images of children can function to comment on rather than maintain prevailing colonial and paternalistic relations.
Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK.
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Burman
D000329:Advertising; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000523:psychology*; D003906:Developing Countries; D004989:Ethics; D005260:Female; D005653:Fund Raising / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media / Q000592:standards*; D010781:Photography; D012737:Sex Factors; D013240:Stereotyping