Long-term effect of sphincteric fatigue during bladder neurostimulation.
Commercially available stimulators lack several features, including multiple channel capability and flexible stimulation parameters. These factors limit clinical application. A new computerized electrical stimulator system was developed by our team and evaluated for its efficacy in bladder evacuation in an animal model after spinal cord transection. The system can generate a wide range of stimulation characteristics and has the feature of being a programmable multichannel pacemaker. It has enabled us to induce a reversible fatigue to the external sphincter that results in proper bladder emptying on stimulation. Using this new bladder pacemaker, 8 dogs were studied. We applied the concept of fatiguing of the external sphincter via the pudendal nerve to avoid rhizotomy. We determined the optimal stimulation parameters that can reliably empty the dog's bladder for the duration of the experiment, which lasted for 8 months. The new computerized electrical stimulation system achieved the objective of reducing bladder outlet resistance without the need for sacral rhizotomy.
Li
J S
JS
Urology Research Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Hassouna
M
M
Sawan
M
M
Duval
F
F
Elhilali
M M
MM
D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000628:therapy*