Positive regulation by chloride channel blockers of IsK channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
cRNA encoding the human IsK protein was injected into Xenopus oocytes and the induced IsK channels were investigated using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp method. Niflumic acid, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'- disulfonic acid, which are commonly used in Xenopus oocytes to suppress endogenous Ca(2+)-activated Cl- channels, were tested for their effects on IsK channels. At low concentrations (10 microM) all compounds increased IsK amplitude and decreased the rate of IsK deactivation. At 100 microM these compounds further decreased the rate of IsK deactivation, resulting in persistent activation of IsK, similar to what has been previously described for the action of organic cross-linkers on IsK. However, at 100 microM niflumic acid and flufenamic acid decreased the time-dependent outward current, whereas 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and mefenamic acid caused an additional increase. When Cl- was completely substituted with gluconate, IsK had somewhat altered activation properties, but niflumic acid produced similar positive regulatory effects on IsK and shifted the voltage needed to evoke half-maximal IsK activation (V1/2) by about -20 mV. In summary, these compounds positively regulate IsK, presumably by stabilizing open IsK channels.
Busch
A E
AE
Physiologisches Institut I, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany.
Herzer
T
T
Wagner
C A
CA
Schmidt
F
F
Raber
G
G
Waldegger
S
S
Lang
F
F
D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005439:Flufenamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008528:Mefenamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009544:Niflumic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009865:Oocytes; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D018075:RNA, Complementary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014981:Xenopus
D018118:Chloride Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D018075:RNA, Complementary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C059983:potassium channel protein I(sk); D008528:Mefenamic Acid; D009544:Niflumic Acid; D005439:Flufenamic Acid; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D002118:Calcium