Determination of ketorolac enantiomers in plasma using enantioselective liquid chromatography on an alpha 1-acid glycoprotein chiral stationary phase and ultraviolet detection.
A chirally selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed to measure the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers of ketorolac in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies. Naproxen sodium [S(+) enantiomer] (10 micrograms) was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples (0.5 ml) were acidified (50 microliters of 4 M H3PO4 to pH 1.5), extracted into 0.4 ml of 10% pentan-2-ol in hexane and back-extracted into 0.15 ml of base (20 mM NaOH pH to 7-8), of which samples (5 microliters) were chromatographed on a 100 x 4 mm I.D. column packed with an HPLC chiral stationary phase based upon immobilized alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (Chiral AGP-CSP) with 4% propan-2-ol in 0.1 M NaH2PO4 pH 5.5, at 0.9 ml/min. Detection was at 325 nm and run time was 10 min. Retention times of R- and S-ketorolac and of S(+)-naproxen were 3.3, 4.8 and 6.4 min, respectively. The metabolite p-hydroxyketorolac was not resolved enantiomerically and had a retention time of 2.2 min. The assay was linear over the range 0.5-10 mg/l, with precisions < 5% C.V. Good separations (alpha > 1.35) and resolutions (Rs > 3.23) between peaks were achieved. The sensitivity could be extended to 35 micrograms/l with less precision by increasing the injection volume to 100 microliters.
Mills
M H
MH
Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, N.S.W., Australia.
Mather
L E
LE
Gu
X S
XS
Huang
J L
JL
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac; D007700:Kinetics; D009961:Orosomucoid; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D009961:Orosomucoid; D014046:Tolmetin; D020910:Ketorolac