Measurements of blood flow and xanthine oxidase activity during postischemic reperfusion of the large colon of ponies.
To assess right colic artery blood flow and relevance of xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase after experimentally induced strangulation obstruction and reperfusion of the colon, 5 ponies were subjected to 2.5 hours of complete ischemia of the left dorsal and ventral colons, allowed to recover from surgery, and monitored during a 48-hour reperfusion period. Five ponies were subjected to sham surgery and served as controls. All ponies had a Doppler ultrasound blood flow monitor implanted on the right colic artery near the pelvic flexure 10 to 14 days prior to the ischemic period. Colic artery blood flow was monitored prior to, during, and for 4 hours after surgery. Blood samples from the right colic artery and vein distal to the obstruction site were collected during surgery (prior to ischemia, after 1 and 2 hours of ischemia, and after 10 and 60 minutes of reperfusion) for determination of arterial and venous blood gas tensions and electrolytes. Prior to surgery, blood selenium and plasma vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) concentrations and blood glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were determined to assess the status of endogenous antioxidants. Combined xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) plus xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, and XO activity alone (nanomoles per minute per gram of tissue) were determined, using a dual-spectrophotometric technique. Xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase activities were determined prior to ischemia, after 1 and 2 hours of ischemia, and at 1 and 48 hours after reperfusion. Median blood flow in the experimental and control groups (156 ml/min and 110 ml/min, respectively) was not statistically different before surgery, and was significantly (P < 0.02) lower in the experimental (4 ml/min) vs the control group (72.5 ml/min) during the ischemic period. Experimental ponies had significantly (P < 0.03) lower right colic artery blood flow during the 4 hours immediately after recovery from anesthesia. Significant difference was not observed in right colonic venous bicarbonate concentration between groups at any time. Median right colonic venous PCO2, pH, and standard base excess were different (P < 0.001) between groups during the ischemic period only. Median venous oxygen saturation and median venous PO2 were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in the experimental ponies at the end of 2 hours of ischemia, but were significantly (P < 0.05) increased during the reperfusion phase. Median venous potassium concentration was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in experimental ponies during the ischemic and reperfusion phases. Vitamin E and GPX values were within normal limits for all ponies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853.
P A
PA
Wilkins
N G
NG
Ducharme
J E
JE
Lowe
W S
WS
Schwark
C
C
Meschter
H N
HN
Erb
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003085:Colic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D003106:Colon / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood; D005609:Free Radicals; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*
D000975:Antioxidants; D004573:Electrolytes; D005609:Free Radicals; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D010100:Oxygen