Investigating the effects of vasodilator drugs on the turbulent sound caused by femoral artery stenosis using short-term Fourier and wavelet transform methods.
In this study, the effects of vasodilator drugs on the turbulent sound generation mechanisms during femoral artery stenoses were investigated using the wavelet analysis of the turbulent sounds to characterize these sounds before and after the injection of vasodilator drugs. Results showed that the injection of drugs drastically improved the diagnostic performance of the turbulent sounds in detecting stenoses by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the sounds. Results also suggested that the sound above 250 Hz was drastically increased in response to the injection of the vasodilator drug for the partially occluded cases. The turbulence sounds caused by partially occluded femoral arteries are directly related to the slope of baseline of blood flow and to the velocity of the flow. For the 0% occlusion case, initially, sounds were produced with the injection of drugs. However, the sounds totally disappeared when the slope of average blood flow was zero. These results show that the diagnostic performance of diastolic heart sounds associated with occluded arteries can be improved by using vasodilator drugs, which increase the acoustic energy in the first and second wavelet bandwidths due to the turbulence. The short-term Fourier transform (STFT) method was also applied to the same data base. Results using the STFT showed somewhat similar power distributions in that the acoustical power above 250 Hz was increased after the injection of drugs for the occluded cases. However, the WT method provided better time-frequency resolution than the STFT method, showing details of the change in the frequency characteristics with respect to time after the injection of drug.
Akay
M
M
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855.
Akay
Y M
YM
Welkowitz
W
W
Lewkowicz
S
S
D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001314:Auscultation; D004285:Dogs; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000187:drug effects*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D010208:Papaverine; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
D010208:Papaverine