Influence of smoking on immunological responses to hepatitis B vaccine.
When 115 health-care workers participated in a study that monitored their serological responses to hepatitis B vaccine at regular intervals, it was found that smoking significantly affected their antibody titre responses adversely. The study group was randomly allocated into two comparable groups that received hepatitis B vaccine either in a rapid schedule (vaccination at 0, 1, 2 and 12 months) or a standard schedule-most commonly used worldwide-(vaccination at 0, 1, and 6 months). A significantly higher proportion of smokers, in both schedules, failed to seroconvert and to achieve higher antibody levels at month 3 (p = 0.01) and at month 13 (p = 0.0003). At month 7 a similar pattern was noted in smokers following the standard vaccination schedule (p < or = 0.05), but not in those following the rapid schedule.
Occupational Health Service, Greater Glasgow Health Board, UK.
A P
AP
Winter
E A
EA
Follett
J
J
McIntyre
J
J
Stewart
I S
IS
Symington
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014611:Vaccination
D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines