Regional brain abnormalities in schizophrenia measured with magnetic resonance imaging.
OBJECTIVE
To determine general and regional indices of structural brain abnormality in schizophrenia.


METHODS
Case-control comparison study.


METHODS
Fifty-two patients diagnosed as having schizophrenia according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition, were compared with 90 healthy volunteers recruited from the community.


METHODS
Structural brain images were acquired using magnetic resonance; measurements were obtained using three-dimensional visualization of volume-rendered brains and an automated atlas-based dissection of specific regions. General measures included the volume of total brain tissue, total cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and CSF within the ventricular system. Regional measures included the volume of tissue and CSF in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes and the cerebellum.


RESULTS
Compared with the controls, the patients had a smaller average volume of total brain tissue and a greater average volume of total and ventricular CSF. A specific relative decrease in brain tissue was found only in the frontal lobes, although the volume of CSF was greater in patients than in controls in all brain regions.


CONCLUSIONS
In addition to the generalized brain abnormalities observed in schizophrenia, a regional abnormality may be present in frontal regions. Since the frontal lobes integrate multimodality information and perform a variety of "higher" cognitive and emotional functions that are impaired in schizophrenia, the frontal abnormality noted is consistent with the clinical presentation of the illness. Impaired frontal function and a disruption in its complex circuitry (including thalamocortical projections) may explain why patients with schizophrenia often have significant deficits in formulating concepts and organizing their thinking and behavior.
Andreasen
N C
NC
Mental Health Clinical Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242-1057.
Flashman
L
L
Flaum
M
M
Arndt
S
S
Swayze
V
V
O'Leary
D S
DS
Ehrhardt
J C
JC
Yuh
W T
WT
D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000473:pathology*