Transforming growth factor-beta: expression in normal and pathological conditions.
Expression of the various isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is differentially controlled both in vivo and in vitro. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms governing expression of TGF-beta isoforms now provides a basis for understanding the selective regulation of expression of the TGF-beta s by a variety of factors including oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In addition to transcriptional control, data suggest that expression of TGF-beta s is also regulated posttranscriptionally. Regulation of TGF-beta s by steroids and retinoids appears to involve predominantly posttranscriptional mechanisms. Identification of these mechanisms may contribute to the understanding of the regulatory events controlling cellular proliferation and differentiation by TGF-beta s and steroids/retinoids.
Kim
S J
SJ
Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md 20892.
Romeo
D
D
Yoo
Y D
YD
Park
K
K
D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012016:Reference Values; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta