Chiral manipulation of drug selectivity: studies on a series of terfenadine-derived dual antagonists on H1-receptors and calcium channels.
A series of terfenadine derivatives were evaluated for enantioselectivity on histamine H1-receptors and calcium channels. Whereas H1-receptors are only sterically discriminative against the benzhydryl part of the molecules, calcium channels showed enantioselectivity to either the phenylbutyl part or the benzhydryl part provided that an appropriate lipophilicity is preserved at the chiral site. It is speculated that the hydrophilicity of the butanol moiety is responsible for the lack of stereoselectivity of terfenadine enantiomers since it drives the side chain out of the stereoselective site of calcium channels, which are lipophilic. In four different test systems, (guinea-pig ileum, guinea-pig lung membranes, rat aorta and rat cortex membranes), this series of compounds generally showed about 10 times higher activity on H1-receptors than on calcium channels. By introducing a chiral center in the different parts of the molecule we were able to increase the selectivity of an enantiomer VUF4648 to calcium channels.
Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands.
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Zhang
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Caldirola
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Timmerman
D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D016593:Terfenadine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D008055:Lipids; D016593:Terfenadine