A multiple-dose, double-blind comparison of intramuscularly and orally administered ketorolac tromethamine and Ketogan in patients with pain following orthopaedic surgery.
In this multiple-dose, double-blind study 100 patients with moderate, severe or very severe pain following orthopaedic surgery were randomly assigned to receive ketorolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with potent analgesic properties (10 mg), or the standard regimen of Ketogan (a combination product containing the narcotic analgesic, ketobemidone, plus a spasmolytic agent) by intramuscular injection every 1-6 h as needed for pain. When patients were able to tolerate an oral diet and were expected to respond to oral analgesic medication, based on overall pain sensitivity, they were switched to oral doses of the same medication every 4-6 h as needed. A maximum of four daily doses of medication was allowed for up to 10 days. The severity of pain was scored on a five-point scale and was recorded before the first intramuscular dose, at fixed time points thereafter for up to 6 h and at the end of each day. Both treatments were effective immediately after the first dose and during the subsequent multiple-dose phase. There were no statistically significant differences between ketorolac and Ketogan. The results show that 10-mg doses of ketorolac in intramuscular injections followed by 10-mg doses of oral ketorolac are as effective as Ketogan for the treatment of pain following orthopaedic surgery. Ketorolac appears to be better tolerated than Ketogan since significantly fewer patients reported adverse events (P = 0.004) when taking ketorolac.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidøvre University Hospital, Denmark.
P H
PH
Gebuhr
M
M
Soelberg
W
W
Strauss
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000499:Allylamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009985:Orthopedics; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000700:Analgesics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D014325:Tromethamine; D000499:Allylamine; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; C010597:ketobemidone, N,N-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-methylallylamine drug combination; D008614:Meperidine; D014046:Tolmetin