Antioxidant, gallic acid, induces apoptosis in HL-60RG cells.
Gallic acid, a naturally occurring plant phenol with antioxidative activity, was found to induce cell death in promyelocytic leukemia HL-60RG cells, although many antioxidants are well known to protect the cell from oxidative stress. Morphological and biochemical studies indicated that the gallic acid-induced cell death is apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the apoptosis was not triggered at a specific phase of the cell cycle and that 2 h exposure of gallic acid to HL-60RG cells was enough to induce apoptosis. The inhibitory assay suggested that gallic acid-induced cell death was mediated by reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion in addition to Ca2+ ion, calmodulin-dependent enzymes. Structure-activity analysis suggests that gallic acid induces apoptosis in HL-60RG cells, depending on its distinctive feature derived from the structure but not on its antioxidative activity.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan.
M
M
Inoue
R
R
Suzuki
T
T
Koide
N
N
Sakaguchi
Y
Y
Ogihara
Y
Y
Yabu
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D000975:Antioxidants; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D005707:Gallic Acid