Placebo effect of eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) cream in reducing venepuncture pain in children.
A randomized double-blind study was made of 60 children aged 5 to 11 years to assess the efficacy of a eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA), lidocaine and prilocaine, and placebo cream in reducing venepuncture pain. The 5% EMLA or placebo cream, approximately 2 grams (2 ml), was applied to the anticipated venepuncture site and covered with an occlusive dressing for a least 60 minutes. The venepuncture of 20-gauge butterfly needle was done after wiping the skin dry and observing for any local reactions. The pain was evaluated by three methods, one by the investigator and the other two by the children. The results showed that there were no statistical differences in the subject characteristics and pain scores, between the EMLA and the placebo group. Most children in both groups experienced no pain to mild pain from venepuncture. The possible causes were discussed and it was concluded that the placebo effect of having cream and good doctor-children rapport reduced fear and anxiety, resulting in the reduction of venepuncture pain in children.
Lurngnateetape
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A
Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
Tritrakarn
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T
D000776:Anesthesiology; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001815:Bloodletting / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D008297:Male; D009779:Occlusive Dressings; D009824:Ointments; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D015990:Placebo Effect; D010919:Placebos; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D009824:Ointments; D010919:Placebos; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine