Detection of focal liver lesions with superparamagnetic iron oxide: value of STIR and SE imaging.
OBJECTIVE
We assessed the value of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles on the detection of focal liver lesions by MRI.


METHODS
Twenty patients with one to five focal liver lesions, primarily detected with ultrasonography and/or contrast-enhanced CT, were evaluated further with unenhanced and iron oxide-enhanced MRI at 1.0 T. Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles were administered intravenously as a slow infusion. Then T1-, T2-, and proton density-weighted SE images were obtained. In addition, the performance of a short TI inversion recovery (STIR) sequence was evaluated.


RESULTS
The iron oxide contrast medium had marked effects on liver signal-to-noise (S/N) and tumor-to-liver contrast-to-noise (C/N) ratios but only minimal effects on tumor S/N ratios in cases of malignant tumor foci. Lesion-to-liver contrast, expressed as differences between the tumor and liver S/N ratios, improved very significantly after SPIO infusion with all four pulse sequences. Contrast enhancement of the liver parenchyma was best in T2-weighted SE images, but the tumor-to-liver C/N values were highest with the postcontrast STIR sequence. The SPIO enhancement revealed a number of additional focal lesions (31%), also foci under 1 cm in diameter. In three benign focal lesions, SPIO infusion produced a definite reduction in the S/N ratio of the lesions in contrast to the minimal change measured in malignant foci. The favorable performance of the STIR sequence contradicts the disappointing results previously obtained at 0.6 T.


CONCLUSIONS
Superparamagnetic iron oxide is a promising new contrast medium for MR examinations of the liver, increasing the conspicuity and reducing the detectability threshold of focal hepatic lesions.
Halavaara
J T
JT
Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
Lamminen
A E
AE
Bondestam
S
S
Standertskjöld-Nordenstam
C G
CG
Hamberg
L M
LM
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016477:Artifacts; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003911:Dextrans; D005260:Female; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013535:Suspensions
D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D013535:Suspensions; D007501:Iron; C065507:ferumoxides; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide