A simple method to calculate the influence of dose inhomogeneity and fractionation in normal tissue complication probability evaluation.
OBJECTIVE
Since volumetric dose distributions are available with 3-dimensional radiotherapy treatment planning they can be used in statistical evaluation of response to radiation. This report presents a method to calculate the influence of dose inhomogeneity and fractionation in normal tissue complication probability evaluation.


METHODS
The mathematical expression for the calculation of normal tissue complication probability has been derived combining the Lyman model with the histogram reduction method of Kutcher et al. [14] and using the normalized total dose (NTD) instead of the total dose.


RESULTS
The fitting of published tolerance data, in case of homogeneous or partial brain irradiation, has been considered. For the same total or partial volume homogeneous irradiation of the brain, curves of normal tissue complication probability have been calculated with fraction size of 1.5 Gy and of 3 Gy instead of 2 Gy, to show the influence of fraction size. The influence of dose distribution inhomogeneity and alpha/beta value has also been simulated: considering alpha/beta = 1.6 Gy or alpha/beta = 4.1 Gy for kidney clinical nephritis, the calculated curves of normal tissue complication probability are shown.


CONCLUSIONS
Combining NTD calculations and histogram reduction techniques, normal tissue complication probability can be estimated taking into account the most relevant contributing factors, including the volume effect.
Begnozzi
L
L
Laboratorio Fisica Medica e Sistemi Esperti, C. R. S. Istituto Regina Elena per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Roma, Italy.
Gentile
F P
FP
Di Nallo
A M
AM
Chiatti
L
L
Zicari
C
C
Consorti
R
R
Benassi
M
M
D001921:Brain / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000528:radiation effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011336:Probability; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage