Adult treatment with removal of all four permanent canines.
The permanent canines-especially in the maxillary arch-have always been considered of prime importance, even before the "cuspid protection" hypothesis became well known to most orthodontists in the 1960s. In the adult case presented, periodontal considerations and other factors led to the unconventional (and likely controversial) extraction of all four canines.
Freeman
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D000328:Adult; D003481:Cuspid / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000503:physiopathology; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy*; D018704:Orthodontic Retainers; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D014081:Tooth Extraction