Regulation of interleukin-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression.
This review concerns the regulation of expression of the two main eosinophil differentiating factors, interleukin-5 (IL-5) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The latter, GM-CSF, is expressed in a wide variety of differentiated and non-differentiated cell types: T cells, monocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. On the other hand, IL-5 is only expressed by a limited number of fully differentiated cells: eosinophils, mast cells, and a subset of T cells. Activation of GM-CSF in T cells and non-T cells occurs by different mechanisms, regulated both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. The transcriptional activation of GM-CSF via protein kinase C pathway and via viral transactivating proteins involves different regulatory elements of its promoter. Although one of these cis acting elements is common to IL-5, the activation of IL-5 apparently proceeds via different mechanism(s).
Cousins
D J
DJ
Department of Allergy and Allied Respiratory Disorders, U.M.D.S., Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Staynov
D Z
DZ
Lee
T H
TH
D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001483:Base Sequence; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000502:physiology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology
D015848:Interleukin-5; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor