title: Characterization of the hemodynamic and metabolic alterations in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: Effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon on systemic and colonic hemodynamic and metabolic variables were determined in horses. Twenty-four adult horses were randomly allocated to 3 groups: sham-operated (n = 6), 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9), and 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia was induced in groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline. Heart rate, arterial blood pressures, cardiac index, pulmonary artery pressure, right atrial pressure, and colonic blood flow were monitored. Arterial, mixed-venous, and colonic venous blood gas and oximetry analyses; PCV; and blood lactate and pyruvate and plasma total protein concentrations were measured. Data were recorded, and blood samples were collected at baseline and at 30-minute intervals for 6 hours; additionally, data were collected at 185, 190, and 195 minutes (corresponding to 5, 10, and 15 minutes of reperfusion in group-3 horses). There were no differences among groups at baseline or across time for any systemic hemodynamic or metabolic variable. Colonic blood flow did not change across time in group-1 horses. Colonic blood flow significantly (P < 0.05) decreased to 20% of baseline at induction of ischemia in horses of groups 2 and 3 and remained significantly decreased throughout the ischemic period in horses of groups 2 (6 hours) and 3 (3 hours). Colonic blood flow significantly (P < 0.05) increased above baseline by 5 minutes of reperfusion in group-3 horses. Colonic oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption, and colonic venous pH, PO2, percentage saturation of hemoglobin, and oxygen content were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased within 30 minutes after induction of ischemia in horses of groups 2 and 3; colonic venous PCO2, colonic oxygen extraction ratio, and lactate and pyruvate concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 30 minutes of ischemia. These alterations continued throughout ischemia, but within 5 minutes of reperfusion in group-3 horses, these variables either returned to baseline (pH, PCO2, lactate, pyruvate), significantly (P < 0.05) increased above baseline (PO2, oxygen content, % saturation of hemoglobin), or significantly (P < 0.05) decreased below baseline (colonic oxygen extraction ratio). Colonic oxygen consumption remained decreased during reperfusion in group-3 horses. Colonic mucosal ischemia-reperfusion injury observed in this model of ischemia was associated with local colonic hemodynamic and metabolic alterations in the presence of systemic hemodynamic and metabolic stability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1089.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bertone
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Beard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017091:Colitis, Ischemic / Q000662:veterinary; D003106:Colon / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*