title: Two different Escherichia coli proP promoters respond to osmotic and growth phase signals.
abstract: proP of Escherichia coli encodes an active transport system for proline and glycine betaine which is activated by both hyperosmolarity and amino acid-limited growth. proP DNA sequences far upstream from the translational start site are strongly homologous to the promoter of proU, an operon that specifies another osmoregulated glycine betaine transport system. Mutation and deletion analysis of proP and primer extension experiments established that this promoter, P1, was responsible for proP's strong expression in minimal medium and its response to osmotic signals. When cells were grown in complex medium, expression from a proP-lacZ fusion was induced three- to fourfold as growth slowed and cells entered stationary phase. Stationary-phase induction was dependent on rpoS, which encodes a stationary-phase sigma factor. Deletion of 158 bp of the untranslated leader sequence between P1 and the proP structural gene abolished rpoS-dependent stationary-phase regulation. Transcription initiation detected by primer extension within this region was absent in an rpoS mutant. proP is therefore a member of the growing class of sigma S-dependent genes which respond to both stationary-phase and hyperosmolarity signals.
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mellies
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villarejo
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D001622:Betaine / Q000378:metabolism; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012808:Sigma Factor; C069567:sigma factor KatF protein, Bacteria; D001622:Betaine; D011392:Proline