title: A note: comparison of different homogenization procedures for detecting Campylobacter spp. in sewage sludge.
abstract: Crude sewage sludge contains Campylobacter spp. in a concentration of 10(1)-10(3) cfu 100 ml-1 on average. Because large variations in the number of bacteria are seen when samples are examined in parallel, we attempted to improve the detection method. Seeded sewage sludge samples were homogenized by a high-speed blender, ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic bar. Bacterial counts were determined by the MPN method in triplicate. The recovery rate was < 10%. Subsequently, sludge samples without artificial contamination were also examined. The bacterial counts varied considerably, as seen earlier. In order to enhance the detection rate of campylobacters homogenization times and frequencies were increased, samples were diluted prior to treatment and pre-enriched in non-selective broth or supplemented with detergent. None of the methods applied proved satisfactory. The bacterial counts achieved with all methods varied greatly, with minimum and maximum values lying at least two orders of magnitude apart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University of Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Höller
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schomakers-Revaka
mesh_terms: D002167:Campylobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005308:Fertilizers; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers