title: Multiple protein-aspartate phosphatases provide a mechanism for the integration of diverse signals in the control of development in B. subtilis.
abstract: The initiation of sporulation in B. subtilis is regulated by the Spo0A transcription factor, which is activated by phosphorylation to control developmental switching from the vegetative to the sporulation state. The level of phosphorylation of Spo0A is regulated by the phosphorelay, a signal transduction system based on the protein-histidine kinase-response regulator two-component paradigm. To initiate sporulation, the cell must recognize and interpret a large variety of environmental, metabolic, and cell cycle signals that influence the phosphorylation level of Spo0A. We describe here a family of protein-aspartate phosphatases with activity on Spo0F approximately P, a response regulator component of the phosphorelay, that provide a mechanism for signal recognition and interpretation. These phosphatases function to drain the phosphorelay, lower Spo0A approximately P levels, and prevent sporulation. The integration of diverse environmental signals that affect the initiation of sporulation likely occurs through the competition between opposing activities of protein kinases and protein phosphatases.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perego
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanstein
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Djavakhishvili
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hoch
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D012808:Sigma Factor; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C060762:AbrB protein, Bacillus subtilis; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012808:Sigma Factor; C080950:Spo0A protein, Bacillus subtilis; C080951:Spo0F protein, Bacillus subtilis; D014157:Transcription Factors; C092468:spoIIR protein, Bacillus subtilis; C030069:spore-specific proteins, Bacillus; C075519:rapA protein, Bacillus subtilis; C091155:rapB protein, Bacillus subtilis; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases