title: Parenteral nutrient needs of very low birth weight infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine nitrogen and mineral needs in parenterally nourished very low birth weight infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four very low birth weight infants (< 1.2 kg) expected to receive parenteral nutrition (PN) exclusively for 3 weeks beginning 3 days after birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants received PN solutions according to nursery protocol. Serial 24-hour balance studies were conducted twice weekly. Clinical therapies were tabulated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intake, urinary excretion, and apparent retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium after initiation of PN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although urinary K, Zn, Ca, P, and Mg excretion (but not N, Na, and Cu excretion) increased after PN therapy was begun, net nutrient retention increased significantly above baseline for all nutrients. Average weekly nutrient retention was significantly below intrauterine estimates of nutrient accretion for N, Na, Ca, P, and Cu; closely approximated estimates for Zn; and significantly exceeded those for K and Mg. Regression analysis was used to predict parenteral nutrient intakes that would support postnatal nutrient retentions equivalent to the intrauterine estimates. Postnatal therapy with dexamethasone affected N, P, and K excretion and retention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soon after PN administration is begun, positive nutrient balance may be achieved early in the neonatal period. The magnitude of this effect remains uniform during PN administration. Adjustments in parenteral nutrient intake are needed to provide nutrient intakes sufficient to support postnatal retention at rates similar to those of intrauterine accretion. These data should be considered in the design of future studies to determine optimal PN needs of very low birth weight infants.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schanler
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Prestridge
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D003300:Copper / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D002149:Energy Intake; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007228:Infant Nutrition Disorders / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000378:metabolism*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008274:Magnesium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D011188:Potassium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012964:Sodium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D015032:Zinc / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D003300:Copper; D012964:Sodium; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D009584:Nitrogen; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium