title: Retinoid X receptor alpha transactivates the hepatitis B virus enhancer 1 element by forming a heterodimeric complex with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.
abstract: The hepatitis B virus enhancer 1 contains a retinoic acid responsive element (RARE). We have previously demonstrated that retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) transactivates enhancer 1 by binding to the RARE. The present study has revealed that a heterodimeric complex composed of RXR alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) interacts with the hepatitis B virus RARE. Transient transfection studies, in conjunction with in vitro DNA binding data, support the hypothesis that the RXR alpha-PPAR heterodimer transactivates enhancer 1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Medical School, Denver 80262.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kosovsky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors