title: Human menopausal gonadotrophin increases pregnancy rate in comparison with clomiphene citrate during replacement cycles of frozen/thawed pronucleate ova.
abstract: In a prospective randomized study, the effect of two ovulation induction regimens on implantation rate of frozen/thawed pronucleate ova was investigated. Patients received either human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) or clomiphene/HMG. Ovulation induction was done on an individual basis using ultrasound and plasma 17 beta-oestradiol concentrations. Ovulation was induced with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) when the leading follicle reached a diameter of 18 mm. Pronucleate ova had been frozen using the slow-freezing method of Lassalle et al. (1985) (Fertil. Steril., 44, 645-651) and were thawed in synchrony with the age of the endometrium. Both groups of patients were comparable for age, indication for in-vitro fertilization, pre-ovulatory 17 beta-oestradiol concentration, number of large follicles and number and quality of embryos transferred. The only difference found was that HCG was administered 1 day earlier in the HMG group compared to the clomiphene/HMG group (P < 0.01). Using univariate analysis, the pregnancy rate was higher in patients stimulated with HMG alone compared to those stimulated with clomiphene/HMG (27 versus 15% respectively; P < 0.03), when HCG was administered later in the menstrual cycle (P < 0.01) and when more and better quality embryos were transferred (P < 0.01). Using multivariate regression analysis, the influence of the stimulation on pregnancy rate was even more pronounced (P < 0.01) when the day of HCG administration and the number and quality embryos transferred were taken into account. Therefore, we conclude that HMG alone increases pregnancy rate compared to clomiphene/HMG during replacement cycles of frozen/thawed pronucleate ova. These data suggest that HMG results in a better endometrium receptivity for embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Division of Infertility, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Van der Auwera
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meuleman
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Koninckx
mesh_terms: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008596:Menotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D002996:Clomiphene; D004958:Estradiol; D008596:Menotropins