title: Transnasal butorphanol.
abstract: Transnasal administration of systemic medication offers a convenient alternative to intravenous and intramuscular routes. Butorphanol, a noncontrolled, synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic is available in a nasal spray formulation. Transnasal butorphanol appears to be a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative and migraine headache pain. Side effects include sedation, nausea and confusion; transnasal butorphanol also has the potential to induce abstinence syndromes in opioid-dependent patients.
authors.affiliation: Family Practice Residency Program, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Homan
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002077:Butorphanol