title: Psychologic factors in the etiology of amalgam illness.
abstract: Eleven patients with amalgam illness aged 33-50 years were investigated by psychodynamic methods. Six of them, all women, were dental nurses and hygienists exposed to amalgam/mercury both from their own dental fillings and occupationally. Four men and one woman were exposed only to amalgam/mercury from their own fillings. Assays of mercury in urine samples and in the ambient air during work routines involving the heaviest exposure indicated that the exposure was far below the levels at which even subclinical symptoms could be indicated by psychometric tests. The psychologic investigation indicated that the symptoms of amalgam illness were psychosomatic. All patients had experienced important psychic traumata in close connection with the first appearance of symptoms. It can be concluded from the psychodynamic dialogues that they had not been able to mourn for a loss in an adequate manner and that the body had been forced to symbolize the great pain in their souls.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Psychosocial Factors and Health, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003727:Dental Auxiliaries; D003756:Dental Hygienists; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D008628:Mercury