title: Animals, alternatives, and humans: solving problems through research in the U.S. Air Force.
abstract: The Armstrong Laboratory and its predecessors have conducted responsible animal research in support of USAF operations for nearly three decades. The use of animal models, is essential in research that requires a complex living system, but would be too hazardous to humans. The Laboratory also has aggressively pursued alternatives to the use of animals and improved methods in conducting animal research. Thus far, fewer animals are used currently in some areas of research. Since the human is the focus for Armstrong Laboratory research, human test subjects are used as frequently as possible. As improved noninvasive physiologic monitoring methods become available, humans will be used more extensively.
authors.affiliation: Armstrong Laboratory (AFMC), Brooks AFB, TX 78235-5118.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Burton
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D006801:Humans; D008887:Military Medicine; D014116:Toxicology; D014481:United States