title: MR imaging evaluation of bone marrow signal change in post-irradiation patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The normal distribution of red and yellow marrow can be altered by therapeutic irradiation, which causes a well-documented sequence of bone marrow changes. This study measured the T1 signal intensity of the clivus and cervical vertebral bodies of NPC patients who had received a complete course of radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 3 categories of patients: Group I: NPC patients who had radiation myelitis; 14 persons which a total 20 times of MRI. Group II: NPC patients, without radiation myelitis; 6 patients, which a total 6 times of MRI. Group III (control group): patients who received MRI of the cervical spine because of cervical spondylosis or HIVD, were total of 45 patients. In the sagittal section of T1WI, the signal intensity of the bone marrow of clivus and C2 to T1 vertebral bodies was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1). There were homogeneous increases of signal intensity of the bone marrow of clivus and C2 to T1 in Groups I and II. 2). There was no statistical difference between Groups I and II. 3). The increased signal intensity of bone marrow after radiation showed no difference in short and long duration between radiation therapy and MR examinations, indicating that bone marrow signal intensities were increased in NPC patients whether or not they had radiation myelitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Signal change in bone marrow may have occurred soon after radiation therapy, and may have persisted for several years. The radiation myelitis always involved the low medulla oblongata to C5 level; however, the bone marrow signal change always extended downward to the T1 level, so bone marrow is more sensitive than the spinal cord and is prone to be affected by irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009187:Myelitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects