title: Stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by ceramide.
abstract: Ceramide, an intracellular lipid mediator of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) action, was studied for its effects on the expression of the proviral human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome in latently infected myelomonocytic cell lines U-1IIIB and OM-10.1. Ceramide treatment resulted in a 20- to 100-fold enhancement of HIV production in these cells. Ceramide also enhanced the expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene directed by a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in transfected U-937 cells, indicating that ceramide acts at the level of viral transcription. These observations suggest that the TNF-ceramide signaling system may be involved in the regulation of HIV expression in certain myeloid cell types.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, New England Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Groopman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Byrn
mesh_terms: D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002518:Ceramides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase