title: Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II: regulation of human osteocalcin gene expression in cells with defective vitamin D receptors by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3, retinoic acid, and triiodothyronine.
abstract: The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear transcription factor which binds to the vitamin D response element (VDRE) of the human osteocalcin gene and regulates its expression. Humans with VDR gene mutations, ever among those with the same point mutation in their VDR gene, demonstrate clinical heterogeneity. In addition, in some patients with these mutations, rickets has not recurred following cessation of therapy during follow-up ranging from 6 to 24 years. While important, it is likely that the VDR protein is not the sole factor in the development of rickets. To try to understand these clinical findings, the complex formed between the VDRE and one or more proteins in the nuclear extracts of cultured skin fibroblasts treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25(OH)2D3), retinoic acid (RA), and/or triiodothyronine (T3) was investigated since such complexes are likely to precede the transcription of the VDR gene. Complex formation in the control cells with an intact VDR was increased by treatment with either 0.1 nM, 1 nM, 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3, 100 nM RA, or 100 nM T3; however, combinations of these compounds did not produce an additive effect. In cells of affected patients, 1,25(OH)2D3, RA, or T3 increased complex formation, while no combination had an additive effect. These results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3, RA, and T3 play a role in the regulation of bone remodeling through modulating the formation of protein complexes on the VDRE. Therefore, the clinical observations in patients with a VDR mutation might be explained at least in part by the overlapping control of osteocalcin expression by 1,25(OH)2D3, RA and T3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saijo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012279:Rickets / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D015675:Osteocalcin; D014212:Tretinoin; D002117:Calcitriol