title: Effects of combination of immunomodulators and an adrenochrome derivative on survival of irradiated mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The combined effects of immunomodulators (lithium or OK432) and an adrenochrome derivative (AMM), an agent found to activate granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity, on the survival of irradiated ddY mice is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  ddY mice at 4-5 weeks old were whole body irradiated with X rays at 8.5 Gy. Sole injection and combined injection of AMM and/or one of the immunomodulators were performed before or after irradiation. Then, survival was monitored daily for 30 days after irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lithium at 60 mg/kg had no radioprotective effect; rather it accelerated radiation induced death. Sole treatment with AMM (100 mg/kg) had no effect on survival of irradiated mice. However, combination of both drugs caused a slight radioprotection. OK432 (25 KE/kg), which activates a variety of cellular effector cells had radioprotective effect. When combined with AMM, however, it totally lost radioprotective effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lithium chloride cannot be used as a radioprotector because of its adverse effect. Combination with AMM showed slight radioprotection, but the extent thereof may not be clinically useful. OK432 was proved to be a potent radioprotector. However, combination with AMM should be avoided, since the radioprotection was totally eliminated.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Exptl. Radiol., Shiga Univ. Med. Sci., Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikebuchi
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nyaruba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugahara
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000323:Adrenochrome / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010844:Picibanil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D010844:Picibanil; C000263:S-Adchnon; D000323:Adrenochrome; D008094:Lithium