title: Antifreeze glycoproteins from antarctic notothenioid fishes fail to protect the rat cardiac explant during hypothermic and freezing preservation.
abstract: The antarctic notothenioid fishes avoid freezing through the action of circulating antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs). This study investigated whether AFGPs could serve as cryoprotectants for the isolated rat heart under three different storage conditions. (1) Hearts were flushed with 15 mg AFGP/ml cardioplegic solution (CP) and stored for 9 h at 0 degrees C. This AFGP concentration has been reported to protect pig oocytes during hypothermic storage. (2) Hearts were flushed with 10 mg AFGP/ml CP-14 and stored frozen at -1.4 degrees C for 3 h. At this concentration the AFGPs significantly reduce the solution freezing point and also change the crystal morphology from dendritic to spicular. (3) Hearts were flushed with 10 micrograms AFGP/ml CP-15 and stored frozen at -1.4 degrees C for 5 h. At this low concentration the AFGPs have a strong inhibitory effect on ice recrystallization, but have little effect on the freezing point and less apparent effect on the crystal habit. After hypothermic or freezing storage, the functional viability was assessed by determining cardiac output (CO) during working reperfusion. No difference in CO was found between AFGP-treated and untreated hearts after 9 h of 0 degree C storage. CO in hearts frozen in CP-14 without AFGPs recovered to 50% of the freshly perfused control hearts. Hearts frozen in the presence of high concentrations of AFGPs (10 mg/ml CP-14) failed to beat upon thawing and reperfusion, although their tissue ice content was less than that found in hearts without AFGP treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, New York 14642.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Layne
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Devries
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021301:Antifreeze Proteins; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005399:Fishes; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D021301:Antifreeze Proteins; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D006023:Glycoproteins