title: Laryngeal botulinum toxin injections for disabling stuttering in adults.
abstract: Stuttering is an action-induced speech disorder with involuntary, audible, or silent repetitions or prolongations in the utterance of short speech elements (sounds, syllables) and words. Symptomatic treatment programs frequently have initial success; persistent benefit is variable and many patients remain disabled. Stuttering has many characteristics similar to spasmodic dysphonia (laryngeal dystonia), often including the presence of adductor laryngeal spasms that obstruct airflow (glottal block). We hypothesized that relief of the spasmodic dysphonic glottal blocks in stutterers would modify the stuttering phenomenon and increase fluency. We therefore studied the effects of bilateral vocal fold injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) on dysfluency and speech characteristics in stuttering. We treated 14 adult patients (12 men, 2 women) with persistent stuttering and glottal block who previously failed standard speech therapy with 1.25 U BTX into each thyroarytenoid (vocalis) muscle. Fluency evaluations included the Stuttering Severity Instrument, the Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory, and a global rating scale (percent of normal function). Patients were evaluated at baseline and at 2-, 6-, and 12-week follow-up visits. Improvement in fluency documented by each rating instrument occurred at 2 and 6 weeks, with functional relapse by 12 weeks in most patients. We conclude that therapeutic laryngeal injections of botulinum toxin are useful in the management of stuttering with glottal block and result in a moderate improvement in fluency. When an adult patient with developmental stuttering with glottal blocks has failed speech interventional therapy and presents for treatment, a trial of BTX can be considered early.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Brin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blitzer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007830:Larynx; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013342:Stuttering / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins