title: A cost-benefit analysis of four hormonal contraceptive methods.
abstract: This paper presents the results of a cost-benefit analysis conducted for pregnancy prevention treatment with four hormonal methods of contraception using a managed-care viewpoint. The therapies analyzed are medroxy-progesterone acetate injection (Depo-Provera), levonorgestrel subdermal implants (Norplant), progestogenonly oral tablets (Nor-QD), and combination progestogen/estrogen oral tablets (Ortho-Novum 7/7/7). Cost and benefits associated with the use of therapies are identified and analyzed based on the cost per patient-day of effective pregnancy prevention. The analysis demonstrates that all four methods have a positive net benefit, with Depo-Provera having the highest net benefit. This information can provide decision makers within a pharmacy and therapeutics committee of a managed-care organization the framework on which to base formulary decisions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pharmaceutical Economics, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Ortmeier
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Langley
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Bealmear
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005251:Fees, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D004338:Drug Combinations; C020416:norethindrone acetate, ethinyl estradiol, ferrous fumarate drug combination; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone