title: Mammalian DNA ligase II is highly homologous with vaccinia DNA ligase. Identification of the DNA ligase II active site for enzyme-adenylate formation.
abstract: Mammalian cells contain three biochemically distinct DNA ligases. In this report we describe the purification of DNA ligase II to homogeneity from bovine liver nuclei. This enzyme interacts with ATP to form an enzyme-AMP complex, in which the AMP moiety is covalently linked to a lysine residue. An adenylylated peptide from DNA ligase II contains the sequence, Lys-Tyr-Asp-Gly-Glu-Arg, which is homologous to the active site motif conserved in ATP-dependent DNA ligases. The sequences adjacent to this motif in DNA ligase II are different from the comparable sequences in DNA ligase I, demonstrating that these enzymes are encoded by separate genes. The amino acid sequences of 15 DNA ligase II peptides exhibit striking homology (65% overall identity) with vaccinia DNA ligase. These peptides are also homologous (31% overall identity) with the catalytic domain of mammalian DNA ligase I, indicating that the genes encoding DNA ligases I and II probably evolved from a common ancestral gene. Since vaccinia DNA ligase is not required for DNA replication but influences the ability of the virus to survive DNA damage, the homology between this enzyme and DNA ligase II suggests that DNA ligase II may be involved in DNA repair.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio 78245.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Burkhart
authors.forename: Z B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Moyer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Besterman
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Tomkinson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002417:Cattle; D003429:Cross Reactions; D000072481:DNA Ligase ATP; D011088:DNA Ligases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: C000607892:LIG1 protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate; D011088:DNA Ligases; D000072481:DNA Ligase ATP