title: Outcome of pregnancy after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the outcome of pregnancy in patients with transposition of the great arteries and an intact ventricular septum after a Mustard operation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Before the introduction of surgical treatment, most children with transposition of the great arteries died in early infancy. A number of these patients have now reached their reproductive years. There is little information about the effect of pregnancy on cardiovascular status, particularly the ability of the right ventricle to adjust to the hemodynamic changes of pregnancy. The outcome for the offspring and their risk of congenital heart disease are also unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three female late survivors after the Mustard operation > 15 years of age were reviewed in relation to the occurrence of pregnancy and its outcome. Serial echocardiographic estimates of right ventricular volume during pregnancy were made in three local patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine women had 15 pregnancies. They were asymptomatic before pregnancy and remained free from cardiac symptoms during each pregnancy. Right ventricular volume in the three patients studied increased during pregnancy but returned to normal at 8 to 11 weeks postpartum. There were 12 live births, 2 spontaneous abortions and 1 intrauterine death. None of the liveborn infants had evidence of congenital heart disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small group of women with good quality late survival after a Mustard operation, pregnancy was well tolerated. We suspect that the incidence of congenital heart disease in infants of mothers with transposition of the great arteries will be at the lower end of the range for mothers with different types of congenital heart disease, but further data will be needed to confirm this.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Green Lane Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Neutze
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: North
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Barratt-Boyes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000601:surgery*