title: DD genotype of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cardiac renin-angiotensin system has been suggested to be involved in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. In humans, a strong correlation has been found between plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene, which has been reported to be associated with myocardial infarction, ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. In the present study, we examined the possibility that the genotype of the ACE gene might influence the development of left ventricular hypertrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 268 subjects randomly selected from our outpatient clinic. In 142 subjects, left ventricular mass (LVM) was determined by echocardiogram. The genotype of the ACE gene was determined by the polymerase chain reaction. ANCOVA revealed that the genotype of the ACE gene had no effect on blood pressure. The percentage of the explained variance of LVM with variables including diastolic blood pressure (DBP, P = .0001), body mass index (BMI, P = .0001), sex (P = .0009), and the genotype of the ACE gene (P = .0017) was 34.61%. Significant differences in the effects of the genotype of the ACE gene on LVM were observed between the II and DD (P = .0004) and between the ID and DD (P = .0077) genotypes. The percentage of the explained variance of the LVM/ht ratio with variables including sex (P = .134), age (P = .3655), the genotype of the ACE gene (P = .0014), BMI (P = .0001), and DBP (P = .0001) was 31.25%. Significant differences in the effects of the genotype of the ACE gene on LVM/ht were observed between the II and DD genotypes (P = .0003) and between the ID and DD genotypes (P = .0091).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to BMI and DBP, the genotype of the ACE gene was a significant predictor of LVM and LVM/ht in our study population.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohmichi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004452:Echocardiography; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A