title: Overview of improving tolerance of long-term mechanical ventilation.
abstract: In summary, advances in critical care and mechanical ventilation have resulted in an increased salvage of critically ill patients, a number of whom require long-term ventilation as a means of life support. In addition, the total number of patients receiving long-term ventilation has increased dramatically over the past couple of years, and they now are treated in many different locations throughout the health care delivery system (the intensive care unit, general medical floor, specialized weaning units, and the home). Moreover, patients who require long-term ventilation usually suffer from a complex blend of medical, physiologic, and psychological disorders that may impair tolerance of chronic ventilation. Careful evaluation and systematic treatment of psychological, medical, and physiologic disorders, coupled with optimized ventilator settings, may improve patients' tolerance and maximize their functional capacity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Criner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzouanakis
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Kreimer
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003142:Communication; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000628:therapy; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000191:economics; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000523:psychology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D015300:Ventilator Weaning; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical