title: Effects of taper on swim performance. Practical implications.
abstract: Competitive swimmers commonly focus upon optimising performance at a single competition. A period where training volume is incrementally reduced or "tapered" often precedes such a competition. The use of taper is justified as increases in muscular power, and the restoration of plasma haematocrit, haemoglobin and creatine kinase are evident with this training reduction. A consistent performance improvement of approximately 3% has also been reported with taper in competitive swimmers. However, there are limitations in terms of what comprises a successful taper schedule. It appears that a taper which improves performance involves a substantial (60 to 90%) graded reduction in training volume, and daily high intensity interval work over a 7- to 21-day period. Training frequency should be reduced by no more than 50%; a more conservative estimate would be to reduce frequency by approximately 20%. Optimal performance is likely when the reduction in training frequency is combined with the qualitative knowledge of the coach and/or athlete during taper.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Houmard
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Johns
mesh_terms: D004526:Efficiency / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors