title: Evidence for a positive role of transforming growth factor-beta in human breast cancer cell tumorigenesis.
abstract: To determine the biological role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in mammary carcinomas in vivo, estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells were transfected with a mouse TGF-beta 1 cDNA. Growth characteristics in culture were not altered in the transfected cells. However, the MCF-7/TGF-beta 1 cells formed tumors in ovariectomized athymic mice in the absence of estrogen supplementation. Daily injections of human recombinant TGF-beta 1 supported tumor formation by wild-type MCF-7 cells in castrated nude mice in the absence of exogenous estradiol. In another approach to the same question, the effect of anti-TGF-beta antibodies on tumor formation by estrogen-independent MDA-231 cells was examined. The 2G7 IgG2b (2G7) antibody, which neutralizes TGF-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3, blocked the formation of MDA-231 tumors at the injection site and lung metastases in nude mice. Inoculation of MDA-231 cells inhibited, while injection of 2G7 increased mouse spleen natural killer (NK) activity. 2G7 did not inhibit MDA-231 tumors and metastases in NK-deficient animals. Finally, medium conditioned by MDA-231 cells inhibited lymphocyte-mediated NK activity; this inhibition was abrogated by 2G7, but not by a control IgG2. These data support a positive role for tumor cell TGF-beta in the maintenance and/or progression of mammary carcinoma cells in an intact host.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-5536.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Arteaga
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Dugger
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Winnier
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Forbes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007121:Immunocompetence; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta