title: Pharmacological and biochemical demonstration of the role of cyclooxygenase 2 in inflammation and pain.
abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but significant side effects such as gastrointestinal erosion and renal damage limit their use. NSAIDs inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane. Two forms of COX have been identified--COX-1, which is constitutively expressed in most tissues and organs, and the inducible enzyme, COX-2, which has been localized primarily to inflammatory cells and tissues. In an animal model of acute inflammation (injection of carrageenan into the footpad), edema was produced that was associated with marked accumulation of COX-2 mRNA and thromboxane. A selective inhibitor of COX-2 (SC-58125) inhibited edema at the inflammatory site and was analgesic but had no effect on PG production in the stomach and did not cause gastric toxicity. These data suggest that selective inhibition of COX-2 may produce superior antiinflammatory drugs with substantial safety advantages over existing NSAIDs.
authors.affiliation: G. D. Searle, Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO 63167.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seibert
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leahy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masferrer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Isakson
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000139:chemically induced; D000818:Animals; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010146:Pain / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C090859:1-((4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D007213:Indomethacin