title: Recent influenza A (H1N1) infections of pigs and turkeys in northern Europe.
abstract: The most recent introduction of an avian influenza A virus without reassortment into mammals occurred in 1979 when H1N1 strains could be isolated from diseased pigs in northern Europe. This newly introduced avian virus formed a stable lineage in pigs and, in the meantime, spread all over Europe. In 1991 highly pathogenic H1N1 strains closely related to a contemporary swine virus were isolated from turkeys of a breeding farm near Bremen, Germany. Outbreaks in several farms in Germany, France, and the Netherlands indicate that the "avian-like" swine viruses can easily be reintroduced into an avian population causing severe economical losses.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Universität Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haustein
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Kaleta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scholtissek
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014422:Turkeys; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins