Formation and structure of cross-linking and monomeric pyrrole autoxidation products in 2,5-hexanedione-treated amino acids, peptides, and protein.
2,5-Hexanedione (2,5-HD) is the neurotoxic gamma-diketone metabolite of the industrial solvent n-hexane. Substantial evidence indicates that 2,5-HD reacts with neurofilament protein lysine epsilon-amines to yield 2,5-dimethylpyrrole adducts and that this reaction is critical to the mechanism of toxicity. Alkylpyrroles are susceptible to autoxidative dimerization, a process that has also been suggested as an obligatory step in 2,5-HD neuropathy. In the present study, we characterized pyrrole autoxidation products of a 2,5-HD-treated lysine analogue and of a model, lysine-containing dipeptide and examined mechanistic aspects of pyrrole-mediated protein cross-linking. Incubation of 2,5-HD with N alpha-acetyllysine or the dipeptide N alpha-acetylglycyllysine methyl ester in physiological buffer (pH 7.4) under oxidative conditions resulted in time-dependent formation of the N epsilon-pyrrole derivative and two major pyrrole autoxidation products, as demonstrated by HPLC, on-line thermospray MS, and UV photodiode array detection. An autoxidative pyrrole dimer containing a methylene bridge between C-2 of one pyrrole ring and C-3 of a second ring was characterized by thermospray MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. 13C-NMR spectroscopy provided evidence for an identical pyrrole-to-pyrrole bridge in autoxidized, pyrrolylated ribonuclease (RNase). MS analysis also revealed a second major product--a stable, oxygen-containing monomeric pyrrole derivative. This product exhibited a UV absorbance maximum (lambda max = 355 nm) consistent with extended conjugation. Polymerization of pyrrolylated acetyllysine was accelerated by persulfate, a free-radical initiator, and inhibited by ascorbate, an antioxidant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Zhu
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M
Laboratories of Human Toxicology, Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201.
Spink
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DC
Yan
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B
Bank
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S
DeCaprio
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AP
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006588:Hexanones / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry
D000596:Amino Acids; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006588:Hexanones; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins; D011758:Pyrroles; C011269:2,5-hexanedione