title: Local anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair step-by-step procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors introduce a simple six-step infiltration technique that results in satisfactory local anesthesia and prolonged postoperative analgesia, requiring a maximum of 30 to 40 mL of local anesthetic solution.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  For the last 20 years, more than 12,000 groin hernia repairs have been performed under local anesthesia at the Lichtenstein Hernia Institute. Initially, field block was the mean of achieving local anesthesia. During the last 5 years, a simple infiltration technique has been used because the field block was more time consuming and required larger volume of the local anesthetic solution. Furthermore, because of the blind nature of the procedure, it did not always result in satisfactory anesthesia and, at times, accidental needle puncture of the ilioinguinal nerve resulted in prolonged postoperative pain, burning, or electric shock sensation within the field of the ilioinguinal nerve innervation.
  
  
  METHODS
  More than 12,000 patients underwent operations in a private practice setting in general hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 2 decades, more than 12,000 adult patients with reducible groin hernias satisfactorily underwent operations under local anesthesia without complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preferred choice of anesthesia for all reducible adult inguinal hernia repair is local. It is safe, simple, effective, and economical, without postanesthesia side effects. Furthermore, local anesthesia administered before the incision produces longer postoperative analgesia because local infiltration, theoretically, inhibits build-up of local nociceptive molecules and, therefore, there is better pain control in the postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Lichtenstein Hernia Institute, Harbor-UCLA Research and Education Institute.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Amid
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local