title: PRAD-1 (CCND1)/cyclin D1 oncogene amplification in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormalities in chromosome 11q13 regions have been frequently found in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Recent studies indicate that the PRAD-1 (also CCND1), which encodes cyclin D1, is a putative oncogene that is an important component of this region.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was extracted from 32 snap-frozen specimens from primary head and neck squamous carcinomas. DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes, normal mucosa, and salivary gland tissue were used as controls. A genomic DNA probe containing the first exon of PRAD-1 was used for hybridization with specimen DNAs by the Southern technique. A 5.6-kb genomic DNA probe of immunoglobulin heavy chain was used as an internal standard for assessing PRAD-1 amplification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven (34.4%) squamous carcinoma specimens showed PRAD-1 amplification (2- to 10-fold). Although no significant statistical correlation among amplification status, grade stage, and DNA ploidy was observed in this small cohort, amplification was more noted in high grade, high stage, and aneuploid tumors. A highly statistical correlation between PRAD-1 amplification and proliferative activity was noted (P > 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that PRAD-1 amplification appears to be a late event in the tumorigenesis of head and neck carcinoma and is associated often with a subset of aggressive tumors and high proliferation neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Callender
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: el-Naggar
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frankenthaler
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Batsakis
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D019938:Cyclin D1; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016213:Cyclins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1