title: Subintimal versus intraluminal laser-assisted recanalization of occluded femoropopliteal arteries: one-year clinical and angiographic follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prolonged effect of subintimal versus intraluminal recanalization of occluded femoropopliteal arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recanalization of an occluded femoropopliteal artery was attempted in 63 patients (51 men, 12 women; mean age, 63 years) with lifestyle-limiting claudication and at least one patent distal artery. After assessment of baseline clinical and angiographic variables, mechanical passage was first attempted with use of a laser catheter with a 2.2-mm- diameter hemispherical contact probe that was connected to a neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. In case of failure, the laser was activated at 1-second pulses of 15 W. In some cases additional guide-wire and catheter manipulations were used. Successful recanalization was followed by standard balloon dilation. An intense antithrombotic regimen was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occluded artery could be entered in 62 of 63 patients. The catheter was assumed to have followed a subintimal course in 20 patients (group A) and an intraluminal course in 42 patients (group B). Successful recanalization was achieved in 17 patients (85%) of group A and in 36 (86%) of group B. No significant differences were found in clinical and angiographic follow-up measurements between the two groups. The angiographic cumulative primary patency rate (open vs closed) at 1 year was 93% +/- 6 in group A and 93% +/- 4 in group B. The cumulative restenosis/reocclusion-free patency rate was 63% +/- 13 and 65% +/- 9 for groups A and B, respectively. Median length of the original occlusion (8.0 cm in group A vs 4.5 cm in group B) was the only distinguishing baseline variable between the groups (P < .02) and was also the single independent predictor of recurrent flow limitation (P = .0017). Significant complications were distal embolization in three patients, followed by death in one patient and puncture site bleeding in two patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 1-year clinical and angiographic results of assumed subintimal and intraluminal recanalization are comparable. Thus, a subintimal course per se should not be regarded as a failure of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Berengoltz-Zlochin
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Mali
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borst
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van der Tweel
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Robles de Medina
mesh_terms: D017222:Angioplasty, Balloon, Laser-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003374:Coumarins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011150:Popliteal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins