title: MR angiography of normal pelvic arteries: comparison of signal intensity and contrast-to-noise ratio for three different inflow techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two-dimensional (2D) time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography has been the standard technique for evaluating arteries of the lower extremity. However, this technique is limited by artifacts resulting from vessel pulsation, as well as by relatively poor vessel-to-background contrast. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two cardiac-gated inflow techniques to determine whether they exhibited better contrast and signal performance than the standard technique of 2D TOF MR angiography of the iliac arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen subjects who had no clinical evidence of vascular disease had standard 2D TOF, gated 2D TOF, and gated 2D turbo field-echo MR angiography. Images were evaluated for signal-intensity ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio, in addition to qualitative evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Turbo field-echo MR angiography exhibited significantly higher signal-intensity, signal-to-noise, and contrast-to-noise ratios than did either gated or standard MR angiography for all vessel segments. We found no significant difference between gated and standard 2D TOF techniques for any vessel segment. Qualitative features of turbo field-echo MR angiography included improved visualization of horizontal vessel segments compared with the standard 2D TOF technique, less effective venous saturation compared with either the gated or standard 2D TOF technique, and increased ghosting artifacts compared with the gated 2D TOF technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-dimensional turbo field-echo MR angiography exhibits improved signal and contrast for evaluation of normal iliac segments compared with standard or gated 2D TOF MR angiography. This technique should replace standard 2D TOF MR angiography for evaluation of the iliac arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016477:Artifacts; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply