title: The pharmacokinetics of acetazolamide during CAPD.
abstract: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor commonly used to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). We report the first pharmacokinetic study of acetazolamide in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The patient was a Type I diabetic with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing CAPD who received acetazolamide for elevated IOP after surgery for a detached retina. Serum acetazolamide concentrations were measured prior to a 250 mg oral dose and 12 additional times during a 24-h dosing interval. All dialysate effluent was collected and assayed for acetazolamide. Serum concentrations at the beginning and end of the dosing interval were 18 and 17 mcg/mL, respectively, with a maximum concentration of 27 mcg/mL at 6.5 h (therapeutic range = 5-10 mcg/mL). The elimination half-life was prolonged, 28.5 h, compared to that seen in subjects with normal renal function (5-10 h). CAPD did not remove a clinically significant amount of drug (17.1 mg, or 6.8% of dose recovered in dialysate). The patient was very lethargic during therapy, a possible manifestation of acetazolamide toxicity. Marked reduction in acetazolamide dosage (in this case, 125 mg/day) would be required to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Jamaica, New York.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schwenk
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Blaustein
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory
chemical_list: D000086:Acetazolamide