Incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and cytomegalovirus among health care personnel at risk for blood exposure: final report from a longitudinal study.
In a 10-year dynamic cohort study, 976 health care providers were followed a mean of 1.9 years to evaluate the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, delayed seroconversion, and seronegative latent infection following occupational exposures. The seroprevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were also measured, with annual serologic testing for viruses and postexposure HIV tests. One of 327 percutaneous exposures (0.31%; confidence interval, 0.008%-1.69%) and 0 of 398 mucocutaneous exposures to HIV-infected blood transmitted HIV. Neither delayed seroconversions nor seronegative latent infections were detected. The baseline seroprevalences of HBV, HIV, HCV, and CMV infection were 21.7%, 0, 1.4%, and 43.4%, respectively. Corresponding incidence density rates were 3.05, 0.055, 0.08, and 2.48 (per 100 person-years). Despite infection control precautions and availability of hepatitis B vaccine, these health care providers remain at risk for acquiring bloodborne viral infections.
Gerberding
J L
JL
Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), University of California, San Francisco.
D001769:Blood / Q000821:virology; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006282:Health Personnel; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D015995:Prevalence; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology