title: Bone injuries during delivery.
abstract: Bone injuries during the process of delivery were studied among 34, 946 live born babies over a 11 period. There were 35 cases of bone injuries giving an incidence of 1 per 1,000 live births. Clavicle was the commonest bone fractured (45.7%) followed by humerus (20%), femur (14.3%) and depressed skull fracture (11.4%) in the order of frequency. There was one case each of orbital fracture, epiphyseal separation of lower end of femur and dislocation of elbow joint. Lack of antenatal care, malpresentation often leading to obstructed labour and operative deliveries were found to be risk factors for bone injuries. Meconium stained liquor and birth asphyxia were more commonly associated with bone injuries than control cases. Cases with injuries had longer hospital stay and higher mortality. Improving the health infrastructure at the peripheral level with early identification of high risk mothers and their appropriate management can bring down the incidence of bone injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (Neonatal Division), Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry.
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oumachigui
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000453:epidemiology; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002968:Clavicle / Q000293:injuries; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004839:Epiphyses, Slipped / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D005269:Femur / Q000293:injuries; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000453:epidemiology; D007746:Labor Presentation; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008470:Meconium; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D000092464:Elbow Injuries