title: Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 tat enhances interleukin-2 promoter activity through synergism with phorbol ester and calcium-mediated activation of the NF-AT cis-regulatory motif.
abstract: Interference with T cell activation signals by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene products is suggested to contribute to the impairment of immune functions observed in AIDS. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and HIV share common stimulatory signals triggered during T cell activation. The role of HIV tat, which is the main enhancing factor for viral LTR, in the regulation of IL-2 gene transcription has been studied following transient expression of the tat gene in phorbol ester and calcium ionophore-activated Jurkat cells transfected with IL-2 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter constructs. We observed that tat increased the IL-2 promoter transcriptional activity in response to phorbol ester and ionomycin. This tat-dependent synergism mapped to the (-279 to -263 bp) NFAT motif of the IL-2 enhancer, which was sufficient to be transactivated by tat. Our data suggest that tat links T cell activating signals to the shared IL-2 and HIV regulation. This may play a role in the early phase of HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vacca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maroder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alesse
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Screpanti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frati
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulino
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D007376:Interleukin-2; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494008:NFATC3 protein, human; C494010:NFATC4 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium