title: Influence of the polymerization step alone on oxygen affinity and cooperativity during production of hyperpolymers from native hemoglobins with crosslinkers.
abstract: The aim of this study was to find out how the polymerization per se changes oxygen affinity (P50) and cooperativity (n50) of various soluble huge hyperpolymers prepared from native hemoglobins by crosslinking. Increase of cooperativity would be expected considering natural hemoglobin networks. Those hyperpolymers with molecular weights of some 10(6) g/mol are candidates for artificial oxygen-carrying blood additives rather than volume substitutes. Human and bovine hemoglobin reacted with several crosslinkers (2,5-diisothiocyanatobenzenesulfonate (DIBS); 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonate (DIDS); 1,3-butadiene diepoxide (BUDE); glutaraldehyde (GDA)) in concentrated (case 1) and diluted (case 2) hemoglobin solutions. With high concentration hyperpolymer and with low concentration only monomer products were obtained. P50 and n50 of the products were determined at pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40 mmHg, temp. = 37 degrees C. The difference of properties in both cases are regarded as the influence of polymerization per se. Considering this difference we found with almost all combinations of hemoglobin and crosslinker an increase of O2 affinity, with DIBS and DIDS cooperativity was not changed and with BUDE and GDA it was decreased. As compared with native hemoglobin loss of cooperativity is considerable in any combination and condition, but comparing human and bovine hemoglobin the first seems to maintain better cooperativity. In contrast bovine hemoglobin as compared with human hemoglobin maintains better or even decreases its O2 affinity upon reaction with the crosslinkers forming both, monomer and hyperpolymer products, especially in the deoxy state. DIBS and DIDS react very similarly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Inst. für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Joh. Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Barnikol
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D000818:Animals; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D005976:Glutaral; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D012996:Solutions; D013861:Thiocyanates
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D001802:Blood Substitutes; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D011108:Polymers; D012996:Solutions; D013861:Thiocyanates; C068272:2,5-diisothiocyanatobenzenesulfonate; C007366:diepoxybutane; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D010100:Oxygen; D005976:Glutaral