title: Seven-year follow-up of speech/language-impaired and control children: speech/language stability and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the 7-year outcome of speech/language (S/L) impaired and control children selected from a community sample at age 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifteen children completed a variety of speech and language tests at age 12 years. Children with S/L impairment were further classified as "speech only," "language only," or "speech and language impaired."
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 72% of children who had S/L impairment at age 5 remained impaired at age 12. Children with both speech and language problems were most likely to remain S/L impaired; 81% had some kind of S/L impairment at follow-up. Similarly, children with both expressive and receptive language impairment were more likely to show expressive or receptive impairment at follow-up than children with expressive impairment alone. One third of time 1 controls had S/L problems at follow-up, and of these 82% had speech impairment only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S/L impairment identified at age 5 has long-lasting effects. More pervasive problems were associated with poorer outcomes. Screening at age 5 may be useful, as most serious S/L problems that emerged by middle childhood could be identified at age 5. The effects of S/L treatment require further study.
authors.affiliation: Child and Family Studies Centre, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Beitchman
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Brownlie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inglis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schachter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kroll
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lancee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome