title: Comparison of tolerance to intravenous nitroglycerin during nicorandil and intermittent nitroglycerin patch in healthy volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitrate tolerance is associated with a loss in the hemodynamic response to nitrate during repeated administration. Nicorandil is a new potassium channel agonist with additional nitrate properties. The aim of this study was to determine whether 7-day nicorandil (10 mg orally twice a day) administration attenuates the response to single-dose intravenous nitroglycerin (0.45 mg over 1 minute) in comparison with 7-day intermittent nitroglycerin patch administration (10 mg for 16 of 24 hours).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an open, randomized crossover study performed in 12 healthy volunteers. Blood pressure, heart rate, and their oscillations were measured with use of a noninvasive device. Low-frequency oscillations (66 to 129 mHz) of blood pressure reflect sympathetic activity. Reflex sympathetic activation was measured as after versus before intravenous nitroglycerin difference in low frequency oscillations of blood pressure and heart rate on day 0 and day 7 of each treatment period. Measurements after single-dose intravenous nitroglycerin included the maximum decrease in systolic blood pressure and maximum increase in heart rate and sympathetic activation. Tolerance in each group was assessed as the difference in each parameter between day 7 and day 0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attenuation of the intravenous nitroglycerin-induced decrease in systolic blood pressure (day 7 - day 0) was - 10 +/- 10 mm Hg during use of the nitroglycerin patch and -2 +/- 11 mm Hg during nicorandil (p = 0.03). Similarly, the change in low frequency oscillations of systolic blood pressure was -79 +/- 144 mm Hg-Hz-1/2 during nitroglycerin administration and 60 +/- 139 mm Hg-Hz-1/2 during nicorandil administration (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that 7-day administration of nicorandil does not attenuate single-dose intravenous nitroglycerin-induced hemodynamic changes or sympathetic activation. In healthy volunteers and at this dosage (10 mg twice a day), cross tolerance between nicorandil and nitroglycerin does not occur.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tabone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Funck-Brentano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Billon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaillon
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020108:Nicorandil; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012016:Reference Values; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009536:Niacinamide; D020108:Nicorandil; D005996:Nitroglycerin