title: Detection of retinopathy by non-mydriatic fundus photography in diabetics treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents or diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of retinopathy by non-mydriatic fundus photography in diabetics treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents or diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of diabetes-induced fundal changes assessed by fundus photography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Area of Health Centre of Oulu. Population 100,000.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 1,228 diabetic patients, aged 30 years or over and treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents or diet at the Health Centre of Oulu.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in fundus photographs, need for laser photocoagulation, age, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, type of treatment of diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retinopathy was observed in 178 (18%) of those 1,015 diabetics examined at the health centre. Retinopathic changes requiring laser treatment were observed in 15 cases, and eight of them had not been diagnosed earlier. Sixty non-attenders photographed at the Central University Hospital were also included, and 12 of them had retinopathy. The presence of retinopathy was associated with long duration of diabetes, poor glycaemic control, and high systolic blood pressure. No association was detected with sex, age at onset of diabetes, BMI, medication for coronary artery disease, or hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-mydriatic fundus photography detected a high prevalence of retinopathy in diabetic patients. Half of those with preproliferative changes were previously undiagnosed cases, and five were in need of immediate laser treatment. It is concluded that fundus photography is a useful tool for detecting retinopathy in a primary health care setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents