title: [Microbiologic diagnosis of typhoid fever: report on an outbreak].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of typhoid fever has greatly fallen in Spain although sporadic cases and limited outbreaks may be observed. The usefulness of the serum agglutinin studies for the diagnosis of this disease has been questioned by many authors. However, this diagnosis criteria continues to be used in Spain. The usefulness of blood cultures, stool cultures, urinecultures and serological test is herewith compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups were prospectively studied: 18 patients with typhoid fever from one single outbreak, 50 blood donors, and 24 patients with other infections. Blood, stool culture, urinecultures and serology (agglutination) were carried out in the first group and in the other two groups serological test were used to determine the cut-off points and study cross reactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood culture was found to be the most sensitive technique (94%) followed by stool culture (53%). No positive urineculture of seroconvesrion were observed. The cut off points accepted following the study of the donors were 1/160 or greater for the O antigen and 1/320 or greater for the H antigen. Two false positive for the O antigen and 3 for the H antigen were observed in the 24 patients with other infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When suspecting typhoid fever, the combined use of blood culture and stool culture is recommended. The usefulness of serological test in our area lays in the observation of seroconversion associated to a compatible clinical picture. Its performance should not being considered as adequate in unspecific febrile syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario del INSALUD de Guadalajara.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Malo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Román Muñoz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bisquert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
vernacular_title: Diagnóstico microbiológico de la fiebre tifoidea: a propósito de un brote.