title: Studies of effects of anticancer agents in combination with/without hyperthermia on metastasized human bladder cancer cells in chick embryos using the polymerase chain reaction technique.
abstract: Cultivated T24 cells derived from a human bladder cancer were inoculated into the chorioallantoic membrane vein of chick embryos. Hyperthermic treatment was performed following injection of anticancer agents 3 days after the inoculation of the T24 cells. DNA samples were obtained from the livers of the chick embryos, and the polymerase chain reaction technique was used to amplify a DNA fragment specific to the human beta-globin gene. The Southern hybridization method was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of anticancer agents in combination with/without hyperthermia on T24 cells metastasized to the liver. The hyperthermia exerted an inhibitory effect on the growth of the T24 cells in the livers of the chick embryos, and this was dependent on the thermal dose. The antitumor effects of hyperthermia performed at 42.5 degrees C for 20 min and at 43.0 degrees C for 10 min were evidenced by 69.2% an 82.0% inhibition of the growth of the metastasized T24 cells, respectively, as compared with the growth of untreated T24 cell. Hyperthermia performed at 42.5 degrees C for 10 min alone produced 26.7% tumor growth inhibition, and these conditions for hyperthermia were subsequently used as a criterion for evaluating the effects of its combination with various anticancer agents. Adriamycin (20 micrograms/egg) alone, mitomycin C (10 micrograms/egg) alone, carboplatin (10 micrograms/egg) alone, and cisplatin (10 micrograms/egg) alone produced 13.5%, 58.9%, 27.3%, and 29.1% tumor growth inhibition, respectively. Adriamycin and mitomycin C applied in combination with hyperthermia showed additive inhibitory effects on the growth of the metastasized T24 cells in this chick embryo model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchibayashi
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunimi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001483:Base Sequence; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D016685:Mitomycin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005914:Globins; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin