title: MAC of xenon and halothane in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) maps produced by 33% xenon-enhanced computed tomographic scanning (Xe/CT LCBF) are useful in the clinical diagnosis and management of patients with cerebrovascular disorders. However, observations in humans that 25-35% xenon (Xe) inhalation increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) have raised concerns that Xe/CT LCBF measurements may be inaccurate and that Xe inhalation may be hazardous in patients with decreased intracranial compliance. In contrast, 33% Xe does not increase CBF in rhesus monkeys. To determine whether this interspecies difference in the effect of Xe on CBF correlates with an interspecies difference in the anesthetic potency of Xe, we measured the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of Xe preventing movement to a tail-clamp stimulus in rhesus monkeys. Using a standard protocol for the determination of MAC in animals, we first measured the MAC of halothane (n = 5), and then used a combination of halothane and Xe to measure the MAC of Xe (n = 7). The halothane MAC was 0.99 +/- 0.12% (M +/- SD), and the Xe MAC was 98 +/- 15%. These results suggest that the MAC of Xe in rhesus monkeys is higher than the reported human Xe MAC value of 71%. Thus the absence of an effect of 33% Xe on CBF in the rhesus monkey may be related to its lower anesthetic potency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology/CCM, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Whitehurst
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yonas
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014978:Xenon / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014978:Xenon; D006221:Halothane