title: Relative effects of alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade, converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, and angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blockade on ventricular remodeling in the dog.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Progressive ventricular remodeling after myocardial damage is associated with a poor prognosis. Optimal prevention of the histopathological processes involved in remodeling requires a more complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in initiating and maintaining these structural changes. Since the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system may be involved in the remodeling process, the structural effects of pharmacological inhibitors have been evaluated in a canine model of localized myocardial injury resulting from transmyocardial DC shock.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study is comprised of two protocols run in series. In protocol 1, zofenopril (Z), a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI), prevented the increase in left ventricular mass (LVM) and end-diastolic volume (LVV) observed in the control group (C) at 16 weeks (Z: LVM, 69.8 +/- 3.4 to 65.4 +/- 2.6 g, P = NS; LVV, 45.4 +/- 2.7 to 51.6 +/- 2.7 mL, P = NS; C: LVM, 68.4 +/- 3.2 to 91.4 +/- 2.9 g, P = .0001; LVV, 56.6 +/- 3.0 to 71.9 +/- 2.4 mL, P = .0003). Terazosin, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, failed to prevent remodeling at 16 weeks despite continued receptor blockade. In protocol 2, the antiremodeling effect of full-dose CEI therapy with ramipril was confirmed. Low-dose ramipril that exerted no hemodynamic effect failed to prevent remodeling (LVM, 89.7 +/- 4.6 to 105.7 +/- 3.4 g, P = .01; LVV, 61.8 +/- 3.8 to 76.8 +/- 3.3 mL, P = .002). An angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blocker also failed to prevent the increase in LVM or LVV (LVM, 89.0 +/- 4.6 to 109.7 +/- 5.3 g, P = .0001; LVV, 66.0 +/- 1.9 to 78.4 +/- 3.6 mL, P = .007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose CEI therapy can prevent progressive structural changes resulting from localized myocardial damage induced by DC shock. the failure of alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade and angiotensin II subtype 1 blockade to attenuate remodeling argues against an important direct role for norepinephrine acting through alpha 1-receptors or angiotensin II acting through the type 1 receptor in the remodeling process in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garr
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Carlyle
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hauer
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parish
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stillman
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000494:pharmacology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017257:Ramipril / Q000494:pharmacology; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000145:classification; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000804:Angiotensin II; D010656:Phenylephrine; D000803:Angiotensin I; D012083:Renin; D017257:Ramipril