title: Antioxidant properties of Ambroxol.
abstract: We tested whether Ambroxol, a drug which stimulates the release of surfactant by pneumocytes type II, may also possess antioxidant properties. To assess the reactivity of Ambroxol with reactive oxygen species, we analysed its ability to decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to inhibit the superoxide (O2.-)-dependent autooxidation of pyrogallol, hydroxyl radical (.OH)-mediated deoxyribose oxidation, and hypochlorous acid (HClO-induced chlorination of monochlorodimedon. Ambroxol was found to be a sufficient scavenger of HClO and .OH and also revealed the capacity to decompose H2O2. At concentrations of 25 and 70 microM, it inhibited HClO-induced chlorination of monochlorodimedon by 22 +/- 13 and 59 +/- 14%, respectively. Similarly, at concentrations of 1, 2, and 10 mM, Ambroxol decreased .OH-mediated deoxyribose oxidation by 47 +/- 11, 75 +/- 9, and 89 +/- 4%. In addition, at concentrations of 1 to 5 mM, it completely protected linoleic acid from .OH-induced peroxidative damage. Ambroxol had a weak effect on O2.(-)-dependent autooxidation of pyrogallol. Our results indicate that Ambroxol has antioxidant activity, which may have clinical significance in protecting lung tissue from oxidant-induced injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antczak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Król
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bialasiewicz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pietras
mesh_terms: D000551:Ambroxol; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D003512:Cyclohexanones; D003855:Deoxyribose; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D007700:Kinetics; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011748:Pyrogallol; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003512:Cyclohexanones; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011748:Pyrogallol; D013481:Superoxides; D000551:Ambroxol; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D003855:Deoxyribose; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; C006991:chlorodimedone; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase