title: Properties of a recombinant human hemoglobin with aspartic acid 99(beta), an important intersubunit contact site, substituted by lysine.
abstract: Site-directed mutagenesis of an important subunit contact site, Asp-99(beta), by a Lys residue (D99K(beta)) was proven by sequencing the entire beta-globin gene and the mutant tryptic peptide. Oxygen equilibrium curves of the mutant hemoglobin (Hb) (2-15 mM in heme) indicated that it had an increased oxygen affinity and a lowered but significant amount of cooperativity compared to native HbA. However, in contrast to normal HbA, oxygen binding of the recombinant mutant Hb was only marginally affected by the allosteric regulators 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or inositol hexaphosphate and was not at all responsive to chloride. The efficiency of oxygen binding by HbA in the presence of allosteric regulators was limited by the mutant Hb. At concentrations of 0.2 mM or lower in heme, the mutant D99K(beta) Hb was predominantly a dimer as demonstrated by gel filtration, haptoglobin binding, fluorescence quenching, and light scattering. The purified dimeric recombinant Hb mutant exists in 2 forms that are separable on isoelectric focusing by about 0.1 pH unit, in contrast to tetrameric hemoglobin, which shows 1 band. These mutant forms, which were present in a ratio of 60:40, had the same masses for their heme and globin moieties as determined by mass spectrometry. The elution positions of the alpha- and beta-globin subunits on HPLC were identical. Circular dichroism studies showed that one form of the mutant Hb had a negative ellipticity at 410 nm and the other had positive ellipticity at this wavelength. The findings suggest that the 2 D99K(beta) recombinant mutant forms have differences in their heme-protein environments.
authors.affiliation: Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanase
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Martin de Llano
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Chait
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Vandegriff
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Winslow
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Manning
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D001483:Base Sequence; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D005914:Globins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D006441:Hemoglobin A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D008239:Lysine; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D005914:Globins; D006441:Hemoglobin A; D008239:Lysine; D010100:Oxygen