title: Promoter function of the human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene depends on two GC boxes that are cell specifically controlled.
abstract: Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is expressed in all cells by a housekeeping gene whose regulatory 5'-flanking sequence includes at least nine GC boxes. By transient transfection of HeLa and HepG2 cells with constructs containing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene regions linked to a reporter gene, we have now delineated the core promoter and have located upstream stimulatory and inhibitory sequences. By mutational analysis, we demonstrate that the activity of the core promoter requires two out of seven GC boxes. We show that stimulatory protein 1 (Sp1)-related factors and activator protein 2 (AP-2)-related proteins bind to these two boxes in band-shift experiments. One point mutation that affects the binding of only the Sp1-related factors to one or both boxes causes a marked decrease of promoter activity in HepG2 cells but not in HeLa cells. We conclude that (a) two out of many seemingly redundant GC boxes are necessary to drive a G+C-rich housekeeping promoter; (b) factors that bind to GC boxes may exert cell-type-specific regulation of housekeeping gene promoter activity; (c) point mutations in the promoter of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene can inhibit its transcription.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Philippe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Larondelle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lemaigre
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mariamé
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Delhez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luzzatto
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Rousseau
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D003596:Cytosine; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D006147:Guanine; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017354:Point Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D006147:Guanine; D003596:Cytosine; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase