Interferon-gamma induces resistance in primary monocytes against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection.
Treatment of monocytes with interferon-gamma 1 day before, or at the time of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) induced complete resistance in monocytes against HIV-1 infection. There was no evidence of viral RNA, proviral DNA, p24 antigen, or reverse transcriptase activity through 2 weeks after inoculation. Ultrastructural examination of these cells showed no detectable virus particles. When interferon-gamma was added to monocytes 1 to 3 days post-infection, virus integration occurred, but the viral expression was either ablated (1 day post-infection) or significantly inhibited (3 days post-infection). Treatment of monocytes with interferon-gamma before or after infection with HIV-1 produced significantly higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 than untreated or uninfected monocytes. These results suggest that altered regulation of cytokines may mediate antiviral activity of interferon-gamma in monocytes.
Dhawan
S
S
Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Food and Drug Administration (HFM-310), Rockville, MD 20852.
Heredia
A
A
Lal
R B
RB
Wahl
L M
LM
Epstein
J S
JS
Hewlett
I K
IK
D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D015750:Genes, gag; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007937:Leukapheresis; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016662:Virus Integration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
D004279:DNA, Viral; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma