title: Interleukin 13 and interleukin 4 protect bronchoalveolar macrophages from productive infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
abstract: In this study, we examined the impact of the predominantly Th2-type lymphokines interleukin 13 (IL-13) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) on acute infection of human bronchoalveolar macrophages with a macrophage-tropic isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Addition of 0.01-10 ng of IL-4 or IL-13 per milliliters significantly blocked HIV-1 replication in infected cells, judging from levels of reverse transcriptase and p24 antigen in the supernatants of infected cells. Both IL-4 and IL-13 were almost as efficient as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in preventing HIV-1 replication, when given in equivalent amounts. Moreover, neither IL-13 nor IL-4 interfered with the IFN-gamma-mediated enhancement of anti-HIV-1 activity in alveolar macrophages. Both IL-4 and IL-13 interfered with enhanced replication of HIV-1 in macrophages pulsed with the growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Interleukin 13 also prevented HIV-1 release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a cocultivation experiment with feeder cells from a seronegative subject. These data suggest that Th2-derived lymphokines have significant anti-HIV-1 activity in cells of the macrophage lineage, although they may enhance the susceptibility of HIV-1-infected subjects to some opportunistic pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghadirian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D018793:Interleukin-13; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor