title: Theta class glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to cervical neoplasia: interactions with GSTM1, CYP2D6 and smoking.
abstract: The factors that determine progression of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are unknown. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor, suggesting polymorphism at loci that encode carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GSTT1, GSTM1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6) may determine susceptibility to these cancers. We have studied the frequency of the null genotype at the theta class GSTT1 locus in women with low-grade CIN, high-grade CIN and SCC. The control group comprised women with normal cervical pathology suffering menorrhagia. We found the frequency of GSTT1 null in the control and case groups was not significantly different, though frequency distributions of combinations of the genotype with smoking in mutually exclusive groups in the high-grade CIN group and the other case groups were significantly different. Interactive effects of GSTT1 null with the GSTM1 null and CYP2D6 EM genotypes, and cigarette smoking were also studied by comparing the multinomial frequency distributions of these factors over mutually exclusive categories. These showed no significant differences between the controls and SCC or low-grade CIN. Frequency distributions in high-grade CIN, however, were significantly different to the controls, and both SCC and low-grade CIN; frequency distributions of GSTT1 null with smoking and CYP2D6 EM, individually and in combination, were significantly different. However, inspection of our data does not indicate that GSTT1 null is a major factor mediating risk. Thus, comparison of chi 2 values for the differences between frequency distributions in high-grade CIN and other groups shows that values for combinations of GSTT1 null with other factors are lower than those for equivalent combinations with smoking and CYP2D6 EM. Interestingly, the combination GSTT1 null/GSTM1 null did not appear to influence susceptibility to CIN or SCC.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Postgraduate Medicine, North Staffordshire Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Warwick
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarhanis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pemble
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ketterer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alldersea
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilford
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yengi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D005982:Glutathione Transferase