title: Genotyping of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I using Australo-Melanesian topotype-specific oligonucleotide primer-based polymerase chain reaction: insights into viral evolution and dissemination.
abstract: Sequence variants of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), genetically distinct from cosmopolitan strains of HTLV-I from Japan, the Americas, the Caribbean, and Africa, have been discovered among Melanesians in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands and among Australian aboriginals. By using oligonucleotide primer pairs derived from sequences unique to the gp46- and gp21-encoding regions of the env gene of the Melanesian HTLV-I variants, HTLV-I strains from widely separated geographic regions could be grouped into either of two major geographic-specific genotypes or topotypes: Australo-Melanesian and cosmopolitan. These primers did not permit amplification of the corresponding env gene regions in strains of simian T cell lymphotropic virus type I from Asia and Africa. Phylogenetic analysis also supported two distinct lineages, consistent with evolution of HTLV-I in Australia and Melanesia independent from that in other parts of the world.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Nerurkar
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Bastian
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franchini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000235:genetics; D015752:Genes, env / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008542:Melanesia; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009512:New Guinea; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015303:Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C055265:gp21 protein, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; C055266:gp46 protein, Human T-cell leukemia virus type I