title: Phenotypic heterogeneity of an adult form of adrenoleukodystrophy in monozygotic twins.
abstract: We describe genetically proven monozygotic twins with the adult form of adrenoleukodystrophy with significant phenotypic heterogeneity. Myeloneuropathy was common to both patients, but cognitive impairment and affective symptoms with extensive demyelination in the brain were prominent in the older twin, while adrenal insufficiency was predominant in the younger twin. The younger twin, however, exhibited affective symptoms similar to those displayed by his elder twin 10 years later. These findings suggest that nongenetic factors are important in determining the phenotypic variation of adrenoleukodystrophy gene.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sobue
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ueno-Natsukari
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Connell
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsuma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Natsukari
mesh_terms: D000326:Adrenoleukodystrophy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics*; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics*