title: Calcium oxalate stone agglomeration reflects stone-forming activity: citrate inhibition depends on macromolecules larger than 30 kilodalton.
abstract: To evaluate the clinical utility of in vitro calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystallization kinetics measurements and to determine the effect of quantitative removal of urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein on such measurements, we examined 24-hour, room temperature urine collections of patients from our Stone Clinic and of normal subjects from our research laboratories at Ochsner Medical Institutions in New Orleans, LA, and compared their COM kinetic parameters in vitro before and after urine ultrafiltration (30 kd). Data from 53 calcium oxalate stone-forming patients (26% women; mean age, 47 years) who demonstrated radiographic or other evidence of forming at least one stone were compared with data from 22 healthy volunteers (25% women; mean age, 40 years). Hypercalciuria (> 7.5 mm/24 hr), hyperoxaluria (> 0.5 mm/24 hr), and hypocitraturia (< 2.0 mm/24 hr) were present in 38%, 26%, and 26% of the patient population, respectively. Urinary creatinine, urate, calcium, citrate, phosphate, oxalate, pH, volume, total immunoreactive-disaggregated Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, and the urine's effects on COM solubility, percent crystal growth inhibition, and crystal agglomeration inhibition [tm] were determined. Calcium oxalate monohydrate agglomeration inhibition, [tm], was reduced in stone-forming patients. It decreased with increasing stone frequency, making [tm] a useful tool for measuring the risk of stone recurrence. Urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and citrate concentrations were linearly related to COM agglomeration inhibition. Their effects were synergistic. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein removal from urine reduced COM agglomeration inhibition dramatically. Alkali therapy increased urinary citrate concentration and increased [tm].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, LA 70121.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Erwin
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Carriere
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Husserl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuselier
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002951:Citrates / Q000652:urine*; D003460:Crystallization; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000652:urine; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000652:urine; D058949:Uromodulin
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009088:Mucoproteins; C548612:UMOD protein, human; D058949:Uromodulin; D002129:Calcium Oxalate