title: Mortality among Icelandic seamen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the mortality of Icelandic seamen with particular reference to cancer deaths.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all 27,884 seamen, both fishermen and sailors of the merchant fleet, who had been members of a pension fund between 1958 and 1986 were followed-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were greater than 1:1.26 for all causes, 1.13 for all malignant neoplasms, 1.80 for liver cancer, 1.19 for stomach cancer, 1.56 for lung cancer, and 1.21 for kidney cancer. The highest SMR was found for unknown causes, 3.16. There was no 'healthy worker effect'. For most causes of death latency time and mortality were strongly correlated. When analysing the relation between duration of employment and mortality a correlation was found for all-causes and for stomach cancer; however, this was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seamen have an unusual mortality pattern and the excess for unknown causes is a rare finding indicating a peculiar situation for this group. The excess of stomach and lung cancer was high but it was not convincingly related to duration of employment and thus a relationship to occupation cannot be confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Administration of Occupational Safety and Health, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rafnsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gunnarsdóttir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D004651:Employment; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015989:Healthy Worker Effect; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009326:Naval Medicine; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors