title: Differential effects of halothane and isoflurane on contractile force and calcium transients in cardiac Purkinje fibers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Halothane and isoflurane have been shown to differentially effect mechanisms of contraction in working myocardial fibers. The aim of this study was to compare effects of halothane and isoflurane on contractile force (CF) and Ca2+ transients in canine cardiac Purkinje fiber preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fiber preparations (n = 29) were superfused with Krebs-Ringer solution and stimulated at 40-60 pulses/min at 30 degrees C in the absence and presence of 0.55% and 1.01% isoflurane or 0.27% and 0.78% halothane. Isometric tension (CF), and intracellular Ca2+ transients (luminescence, L) were measured after microinjecting the Ca2+ sensitive photoprotein aequorin into Purkinje fibers. Peak CF and peak L, rate of rise (slope) of CF and L, time to attain peak CF and L, and duration of CF and L at half-peak CF and L, were measured at 5 mM extracellular CaCl2. Changes in peak CF and peak L also were measured during incremental increases in CaCl2 from 3.6 to 9.0 mM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both anesthetics depressed peak CF and peak L and the rate of increase in peak CF and L in a concentration-dependent fashion, and effects of halothane were greater than those of isoflurane. Time to attain peak L and duration of L at half-peak L was decreased or unchanged by isoflurane and was increased by halothane, whereas time to attain peak CF and duration of CF at half-peak CF was shortened by both. The change in peak CF response as a function of the change in peak L with increasing extracellular CaCl2 was attenuated similarly by both halothane and isoflurane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Halothane depresses peak CF and Ca2+ transients and prolongs Ca2+ transients more than does isoflurane at equivalent minimum alveolar concentration in Purkinje fibers. This suggests Ca2+ concentration is differentially altered by anesthetics in this tissue. Peak CF at equivalent peak Ca2+ transients, however, appears to be attenuated similarly by both anesthetics. These differences in anesthetic effect are qualitatively similar to those found in cardiac tissue of other species. These findings add to our understanding of effects of volatile anesthetics on contractile properties and myoplasmic Ca2+ in cardiac Purkinje fibers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stowe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sprung
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kampine
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Bosnjak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D011690:Purkinje Fibers / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007530:Isoflurane; D002118:Calcium; D006221:Halothane