title: Trazodone for antidepressant-associated insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors investigated trazodone as a hypnotic for depressed patients who had persistent, exacerbated, or new insomnia while taking either fluoxetine or bupropion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen depressed patients who had insomnia while taking fluoxetine or bupropion were given either trazodone or placebo in a double-blind crossover trial. Sleep was assessed by self-report with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the sleep items of the Yale-New Haven Hospital Depressive Symptom Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement with trazodone, but not with placebo, was shown by the total Pittsburgh index scores and Yale-New Haven inventory total sleep scores and by the Pittsburgh index measures of sleep duration and Yale-New Haven inventory measures of early morning awakening, and there was a trend toward improvement in the Yale-New Haven inventory item regarding middle of the night awakenings. Subjective sleep quality and sleep latency also showed a trend toward improvement, but the Pittsburgh index measures of sleep efficiency and disturbances and the Yale-New Haven inventory item regarding difficulty falling asleep were unaffected by trazodone. One patient dropped out because of excessive daytime sedation with trazodone, and another dropped out because of nonresponse to placebo. Of the completers, 67% experienced overall improvement in sleep with trazodone according to a priori criteria, whereas only 13% experienced improvement with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trazodone is an effective hypnotic for patients with antidepressant-associated insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Service, New York Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nierenberg
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peselow
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zornberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016642:Bupropion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014196:Trazodone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D005473:Fluoxetine; D016642:Bupropion; D014196:Trazodone