title: Clinical value of direct DNA analysis of the RET proto-oncogene in families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A gene is the RET proto-oncogene located on the long arm of chromosome 10, and many mutations within this gene have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood DNA was analyzed from 95 members of twelve families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and known mutations in codon 634 (of exon 11) of the RET proto-oncogene. This region was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, followed by digestion with Cfo I, which detects restriction sites created by the most common TGC- > CGC mutation and by a TGC- > TGG mutation or with Rsa I, which detects a restriction site created by a TGC- > TAC mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnoses were confirmed in 39 patients; 15 of 56 at-risk persons were gene carriers and 41 were noncarriers. The noncarriers included seven persons who had previously undergone thyroidectomies for suspected C-cell hyperplasia but were negative for the RET mutation present in affected members of their families.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identification of the specific gene alterations within families permits direct DNA diagnosis of at-risk family members. The 41 noncarriers will not require further testing nor need to be concerned about transmitting multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A to their descendants. The normal DNA findings in seven of these persons emphasize the importance of DNA studies in patients with C-cell hyperplasia but no medullary thyroid cancer at operation.
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics and Birth Defects Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich 48202.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kambouris
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Talpos
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ponder
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006801:Humans; D018813:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D004247:DNA; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C416649:Ret protein, Drosophila