title: Evaluation of imaging examination for hepatic invasion of carcinoma of the gallbladder and postoperative patient outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic invasion is an important factor in the selection of an operative procedure for patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder. Imaging modalities to detect the hepatic invasion were evaluated for accuracy, and postoperative patient outcome was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients who were treated for carcinoma of the gallbladder at our institution between 1984 and 1993 were studied. The imaging results of ultrasonography (US), computed tomography, and angiography were compared with histologic findings regarding intrahepatic invasion of the carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic examination of the operative specimens removed from 21 patients revealed that the detection of hepatic invasion with preoperative US was superior to that with the other two modalities. The preoperative US showed a diagnostic value that was almost the same as that of the intraoperative US. The postoperative patient outcome was not satisfactory, although extended radical operation was performed using image guidance in the 21 patients. The patients died as a result of nodal recurrence rather than hepatic recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative US should be performed initially for detecting hepatic invasion from carcinoma of the gallbladder and can be substituted for intraoperative US. Considering the operative treatment for patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder, lymph node dissection is as important as the extent of hepatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kajikawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horigome
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016896:Treatment Outcome