title: Activity of epiroprim (Ro 11-8958), a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with dapsone against Toxoplasma gondii.
abstract: We examined the effect of epiroprim (Ro 11-8958), a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with dapsone, against Toxoplasma gondii. In vitro, the anti-T. gondii effects of epiroprim and dapsone were observed at nanogram-per-milliliter levels when a 72-h uracil assay and an infection rate of one parasite per 120 macrophages were used. In combination, these drugs exerted a synergistic effect that, however, was only parasitostatic. In a model of acute infection, mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10(4) parasites of the RH strain of T. gondii and were treated for 14 days by gavage (therapy divided into two daily dosages), starting 24 h after infection. Used alone, dapsone and epiroprim, each at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight per day, protected 10 and 0% of the mice, respectively. When these drugs were administered simultaneously, a 100% survival rate was observed. Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine (4 and 250 mg/kg/day, respectively) protected 100% of the mice. A 3-week therapy of chronically infected mice with either epiroprim (50 mg/kg/day), dapsone (50 mg/kg/day), or pyrimethamine (15 mg/kg/day) reduced the numbers of T. gondii cysts and the inflammation in their brains. A combination of epiroprim and dapsone, both at 50 mg/kg/day, further reduced the number of brain cysts in comparison with the number after the corresponding monotherapies. Epiroprim may have a role in the prophylaxis or therapy of human toxoplasmosis, especially when combined with other drugs active against T. gondii, such as dapsone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arsenijevic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Comte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Then
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pechère
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003622:Dapsone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D014498:Uracil / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D014498:Uracil; D003622:Dapsone; C082896:epiroprim; D014295:Trimethoprim