Between Beveridge and Bismarck--options for health care financing in central and eastern Europe.
A government-run national health service (the Beveridge model) can provide care for all at a reasonable cost but cannot avoid the dangers of poor quality. An insurance-based system (the Bismarck model) can achieve high quality but cannot ensure care for all at an affordable cost. The best chance of achieving a reliable financial base for health services is to use a combination of both these approaches.
Cichon
M
M
International Labour Office, Central and Eastern European Team, Budapest, Hungary.
Normand
C
C
D005061:Europe, Eastern; D005380:Financing, Government; D018166:Health Care Reform / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011787:Quality of Health Care