title: The effect of estradiol depletion during the luteal phase on endometrial development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether luteal E2 is obligatory for obtaining an adequately developed endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of women with premature ovarian failure (POF) in a prospective, controlled, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro fertilization unit in a tertiary care university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen amenorrheic women with POF, candidates for oocyte donation, were divided into two distinct groups with seven women in each subgroup.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial priming with a fixed dose of oral micronized E2, 4 mg/d for 14 days, was similarly performed in the study and the control groups. Progesterone replacement during the luteal phase was also identical in the two groups and was accomplished by IM P in oil, 50 mg/d for another 14 days. Only the control group continued to have the same E2 regimen during the luteal phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follicular phase mean E2 levels as well as luteal phase mean P levels were similar in both groups. However, luteal E2 levels differed significantly between the study and the control groups (21 +/- 5 and 692 +/- 199 pg/mL, respectively; conversion factor to SI units, 3.671). Nevertheless, histologic evaluation of endometrial biopsies on days 21 and 26 were similar for both groups. Endometrial gland dating, using light microscopy in the study and the control groups, on day 21, was 19.1 +/- 0.8 and 18.4 +/- 0.5, respectively, and on day 26, 25.4 +/- 0.8 and 25.9 +/- 0.5, respectively. Dating of the stroma in the two biopsies was also similar in both groups. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy performed in two patients of the study group showed typical characteristics of a secretory endometrium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Luteal E2 depletion in the human does not seem to adversely affect the morphological developmental capacity of the endometrium. Our results suggest that E2 secretion by the corpus luteum in the human does not appear to be obligatory for the development of a normal secretory endometrium. The actual receptivity of the endometrium after such preparation needs to be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: In Vitro Fertilization Unit, Hadassah University Hospitals, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Younis
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ezra
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Schenker
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laufer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D001706:Biopsy; D004717:Endometrium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol