title: Myelodysplastic syndrome as a late complication following autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence, natural history, and risk factors associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) occurring as a late complication following autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all 262 patients who underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute from 1982 through 1991. Although patients received a variety of treatments before they were eligible for transplant, identical myeloablative therapy (cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/d for 2 days plus total-body irradiation twice daily for 3 days) was administered in each case. By collecting data on pretransplant and early posttransplant variables, we attempted to identify risk factors for the development of MDS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude overall incidence of posttransplant MDS or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was 7.6%. The actuarial risk at 6 years was 18% +/- 9%. The median time of onset was 31 months (range, 10 to 101) after transplant or 69 months (range, 27 to 141) after initial treatment for lymphoma. Pretreatment variables predictive for the development of MDS (univariate analysis) included prolonged interval between initial treatment and the transplant procedure (P = .003), increased duration of exposure to chemotherapy (P = .019) or to alkylating agents (P = .045), and use of radiation therapy (P = .032) or pelvic radiation (P = .003) before transplant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MDS is a potential complication of autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; bone marrow stem-cell damage sustained before the transplant may be the most important risk factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neuberg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soiffer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takvorian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rabinowe
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Aster
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mauch
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Freedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation