title: Activation of arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse macrophages by bacterial amphiphiles.
abstract: The relative activities of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from four Gram-positive bacteria were compared to different lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations for activation of arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Total eicosanoid was determined in cultures labeled with [3H]-arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were determined by EIA analysis. The relative potencies of the different preparations were: smooth LPS from Salmonella abortus > or = Re-LPS from Salmonella minnesota (R-595) > or = LTA from Streptococcus pyogenes approximately Streptococcus faecalis approximately Staphylococcus aureus > or = monophosphoryl lipid A derived from the Re-LPS >> LTA from Bacillus subtilis. Activation of eicosanoid release was inhibited by staurosporin for all of the amphiphiles tested. Treatment of the macrophage cultures with LTA from S. pyogenes, S. faecalis, and S. aureus, either in the presence or absence of indomethacin, desensitized the cells to eicosanoid release on subsequent challenge with LPS. The desensitized cells remained responsive to the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate. LPS from Gram-negative bacteria has immunostimulatory and endotoxic activities which result, in part, from the release of eicosanoids and other mediators from activated macrophages. The similarities in the patterns of cell activation by LPS and LTA suggest that lipoteichoic acids might contribute to the pathogenicities of Gram-positive bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Stella Duncan Research Institute, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula 59812.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Card
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Jasuja
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gustafson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D012475:Salmonella / Q000378:metabolism; D012685:Sepharose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D013302:Streptomyces; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015777:Eicosanoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013682:Teichoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; C009900:lipoteichoic acid; C027176:octyl-sepharose CL-4B; D012685:Sepharose; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate