title: Chemical ablation of the gallbladder: evaluation of multiple agents in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find a more effective chemical regimen for transcatheter ablation of the gallbladder in an in vitro model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sectioned and whole pig gallbladders were exposed in vitro to 12 different chemical solutions at varying conditions of exposure time, pH, and temperature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the in vitro studies, 0.1 N and 1.0 N solutions of sodium hydroxide in water or ethanol and 3% hydrogen peroxide were the most effective sclerosant agents. Ethanol and hydrochloric acid failed to completely eliminate the epithelium from the gallbladder sections. Increasing exposure time from 10 to 20 minutes or increasing the temperature of the solutions from 37 degrees C to 50 degrees C did not alter these results. Sequential 15-minute exposures to 0.1 N sodium hydroxide in ethanol followed by peroxide completely eliminated the epithelium from whole gallbladders in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alkaline solutions and hydrogen peroxide are more effective than ethanol alone, acids, or detergents in eliminating gallbladder epithelium in this model. Further evaluation of these agents in vivo is merited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Soulen
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sokol
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000187:drug effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000431:Ethanol; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide