title: Analysis of the rat lactate dehydrogenase A subunit gene promoter/regulatory region.
abstract: The rat lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A subunit gene promoter contains a putative AP-1 binding site at -295/-289 bp, two consensus Sp1 binding sites at -141/-136 bp and -103/-98 bp, and a single copy of a consensus cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE) at -48 to -41 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site. Additionally, an as yet unidentified silencer element is located within the -1173/-830 bp 5'-flanking region. Transient transfection analyses of a -1173/+25 bp LDH A-chLoramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion gene has indicated a complete inability of the promoter fragment to direct basal or forskolin-induced transcription. Deletion of the -1173/-830 bp sequence restored basal and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-inducible activity. Point mutations in the Sp1 binding sites of a -830/+25 bp promoter fragment reduced basal but not the relative degree of cAMP-inducible activity. cAMP-regulated transcriptional activity was dependent upon an 8 bp CRE, -TGACGTCA-, located at the -48/-41 bp upstream region. Mutations in the CRE abolished cAMP-mediated induction and reduced basal activity by about 65%. The CRE binds a 47 kDa protein which has previously been identified as CRE binding protein (CREB)-327, an isoform of the activating transcription factor/CREB transcription factor gene family. Co-transfection of a vector that expresses the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase stimulates LDH A subunit promoter activity suggesting that cAMP induces LDH A subunit gene expression through phosphorylative modification of CREB-327. This study emphasizes a fundamental role of several modules including Sp1 and CREB binding sites in regulating basal and cAMP-mediated transcriptional activity of the LDH A gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Milkowski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunstman
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Soong
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jungmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015870:Gene Expression; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D008745:Methylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D004247:DNA; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I