title: Pre-emptive analgesia: comparison of preoperative with postoperative caudal block on postoperative pain in children.
abstract: We have compared in 25 children the effect of preoperative with postoperative caudal block on pain after circumcision in a double-blind, randomized study. After induction of anaesthesia, patients were allocated randomly to receive a caudal block either before (n = 14) or immediately after (n = 11) surgery. Postoperative pain was rated on a paediatric pain scale. If pain occurred, children received paracetamol in a dose related to body weight. Using the Mann-Whitney U test (significance < or = 0.05) there was no significant difference in cumulative postoperative analgesic requirements within the first 48 h and in times to first analgesic administration between the groups. Cumulative pain score, assessed every 30 min for the first 8 h after operation, was significantly lower for those patients who received caudal anaesthesia after operation. Thus we could not demonstrate any advantage in performing caudal block before compared with after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holthusen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eichwede
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Willnow
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lipfert
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011184:Postoperative Period
chemical_list: D000082:Acetaminophen; D008012:Lidocaine