title: Flies and water as reservoirs for bacterial enteropathogens in urban and rural areas in and around Lahore, Pakistan.
abstract: The study was conducted to isolate and characterize campylobacter, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-labile toxin (ETEC-LT), shigella and salmonella in flies and water. The material for the study, flies (n = 300) and water samples (n = 148), was collected from different localities in and around Lahore, Pakistan. Cultivation of the samples was performed on conventional standard media. Membrane filtration technique was used for water prior to culture. Determination of ETEC-LT was done by GM1 ELISA. Results of our study showed that flies and water were reservoirs for all the four pathogens, campylobacter, ETEC-LT, shigella and salmonella. Flies from the village were carrying fewer enteropathogens, while water from the village was found to be more contaminated as compared to the city. Campylobacter and ETEC-LT were the most frequently isolated pathogens in both flies and water. Thus the incidence of diarrhoeal disease in children of developing countries may be decreased by providing plenty of safe drinking water, improving excreta disposal, toilet facilities and giving education in personal hygiene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, King Edward Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Lindblom
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mazhar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaijser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006793:Houseflies / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012423:Rural Health; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012760:Shigella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014504:Urban Health; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli