title: Preparation and characterization of deuterium-labeled glycosaminoglycans.
abstract: Heparin, NAcHep, DS, and CS were labeled with deuterium by N-reacetylating, with the deuterated acetic anhydride (CD3CO)2O, GAGs previously N-deacetylated (by hydrazinolysis) to the desired extent. Degrees of deuteration of the present preparations, as determined by 2H- and 1H-NMR were 15%, 51%, 49%, and 79% for heparin, NAcHep, DS, and CS, respectively. The NMR analysis (including the 13C spectra) of the labeled products indicated that deuterium labeling did not involve any substantial modification of the GAG structures. Also NMR signals associated with specific sequences of heparin for antithrombin and of DS for heparin cofactor II were essentially the same in the unlabeled and in the deuterated GAGs. The substantial retention of the original structure was confirmed by data on the degree of sulfation (by conductimetry) and on the electrophoretic mobility in acid buffer. On the other hand, HPLC/SEC data indicated some depolymerization of heparin and DS in the N-deacetylation step of the labeling reactions. HPLC/MS spectrometry permitted a clear identification of disaccharide and tetrasaccharide fragments obtained from deuterated GAGs by enzymic (heparinase, chondroitinase ABC) or chemical depolymerization (deaminative cleavage, Smith degradation), opening new prospects for studies of human pharmacokinetics, with differentiation of exogenous from endogenous GAGs.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Chimica e Biochimica G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naggi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crippa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magnaghi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Silvestro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torri
mesh_terms: D000089:Acetic Anhydrides; D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D003903:Deuterium; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D012754:Sharks
chemical_list: D000089:Acetic Anhydrides; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; C031800:acetic anhydride; D006493:Heparin; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003903:Deuterium