title: Prognostic factors and significance of chemotherapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prognostic factors for patients with disseminated transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium (TCC) has been examined only in patients selected for studies with chemotherapy. This study was performed to determine important prognostic factors in patients with disseminated TCC and evaluate the impact of chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prognostic factors for survival were analyzed in 240 patients with disseminated TCC admitted from 1976 to 1992. Information on prior medical history, baseline variables, and treatment were related to survival after dissemination. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors of independent importance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analyses indicated that performance status; hemoglobin; leukocyte count; platelet count; concentrations of serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase; hydronephrosis; bone metastases; disease extension; and chemotherapy were related significantly to survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a good performance status, a normal alkaline phosphatase concentration, and a normal serum creatinine concentration were independent prognosticators for long survival. When chemotherapy was included in the analysis, it was found to be the most important independent prognostic factor in conjunction with alkaline phosphatase and performance status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has established the importance of performance status and alkaline phosphatase as the most important prognostic factors of survival in patients with disseminated TCC regardless of treatment. Chemotherapy was found to be an independent prognostic variable that indicates a possible prolongation of survival in patients receiving chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sengeløv
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kamby
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von der Maase
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase