title: Spatial heterogeneity in normal skin perfusion recorded with laser Doppler imaging and flowmetry.
abstract: Spatial and temporal variations in forearm skin perfusion captured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDI) have been compared with topographic maps recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry. In order to determine the shortest LDI sampling time required at each measurement site, with an adequate signal-to-noise ratio and with the ability to display the heterogeneity in skin perfusion, the noise-limited resolution of the LDI system as well as various sampling times were tested. The noise-limited resolution for medium and high light intensities were less than 0.5% (temporal) and 0.3% (spatial) of full scale. A sampling time of 1 sec was selected and image presentation was made by performing bilinear interpolation between perfusion values. The same area (10 x 10 mm) was mapped with LDI and topographic mapping at seven different sites. In addition, a larger area covering the surrounding skin was recorded with LDI. The small area recordings with LDI and topographic mapping could be identified in the larger LDI image. High-and low-perfusion spots coincided between the two systems. Temporal variations were studied by repeated LDI recordings of the same areas as above. Small spots were selected in the areas and plotted versus time. Without provocation, the total perfusion changes at each spot showed large variations, but the relative perfusion levels between neighboring spots persisted. Provocation with heat increased the perfusion in all spots.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wårdell
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Braverman
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013997:Time Factors