title: A longitudinal study of diurnal mood variation in depression; characteristics and significance.
abstract: The course of 39 depressed in-patients' daily mood was recorded by means of frequent self-ratings during their entire stay (in total 3718 days). The frequency of diurnal variations largely varies between subjects without clear dichotomy in 'diurnal' and 'non-diurnal' subjects and the occurrence of diurnal variations is rather irregular. Mood variability measures rather than average daily mood improvement correlate with the response to sleep deprivation. These observations do not support theories of chronobiological rhythm disturbances in depression. It is argued that depressed subjects largely vary in susceptibility to stimuli. Signals generated by the biological clock or by processes related to the sleep-wake cycle are considered examples of such stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychiatry, University Clinic, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gordijn
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Beersma
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bouhuys
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reinink
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Van den Hoofdakker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007902:Length of Stay; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012892:Sleep Deprivation