title: Modulation of sodium current by lactate in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to elucidate whether or not lactate modifies the fast sodium current (INa) in cardiac cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tight seal whole cell clamp technique was used to record the action potentials and INa in single ventricular cells from the guinea pig heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In voltage clamp experiments, superfusion with 20 mM lactate shifted both the normalised conductance (gNa)-voltage relationship and the channel availability curve toward hyperpolarisation by approximately 4 mV, but did not affect the maximum conductance (gNa,max). In the test solution containing only CaCl2 as the main divalent component, 20 mM lactate reduced the ionised calcium concentration from 1.02 to 0.84 mM. When the calcium concentration was kept constant by the addition of CaCl2 into the lactate containing solution the lactate effect was nullified. However, a change in the calcium concentration from 1.0 to 0.84 mM without lactate induced a 4 mV negative shift of the channel availability curve. Current clamp experiments in Tyrode solution showed that 20 mM lactate shifted the threshold for the action potential upstroke by 2.5-3 mV, in accordance with the voltage clamp experiments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lactate modifies INa of ventricular myocytes by shifting its kinetics toward hyperpolarisation. This shift seems to be caused exclusively by a decrease in the ionised divalent cation concentrations and a resultant change in the negative surface charge of the sarcolemma.
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Habuchi
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019344:Lactic Acid; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase