title: Norplant-associated major depression and panic disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Norplant is a long-acting subdermal implant system that is widely used for contraception. The implant releases a continuous dose of levonorgestrel, a synthetic progestin. Although oral contraceptives are associated with depression and panic disorder, no cases have been reported of psychiatric disorders secondary to the use of Norplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two women, aged 18 and 29 years, are described who developed major depression and panic disorder while using the Norplant system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These women who had no prior psychiatric history developed major depression and panic disorder 1 to 2 months after insertion of Norplant system capsules. The symptoms worsened over the course of a year. Following removal of Norplant, the symptoms of depression and anxiety resolved within 1 month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The progesterone content of oral contraceptives has been linked to major depression and panic disorder. Since Norplant is a progestin-only preparation, it is likely that some women will develop these disorders. These cases illustrate the importance of careful follow-up for adolescents and adults who select Norplant for contraception. Patients should be informed about the possible occurrence of psychiatric disorders. When evaluating new onset of depression and panic disorder in adolescent and adult women, it is important to inquire about Norplant insertion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0425.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D016912:Levonorgestrel