title: Measurement of interleukin-6 production by monocytes for in vitro safety testing of hemoglobin solutions.
abstract: Induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by isolated human mononuclear blood cells was taken as in vitro model for the induction of inflammatory reactions. The model was very sensitive to bacterial endotoxin (detection limit < 10pg/ml). Hemoglobin (Hb) solutions, prepared under non-sterile conditions also induced IL-6 production, which correlated with a positive reaction in the Limulus assay. Purification of the Hb solutions with a detergent prevented IL-6 production, showing that pure Hb itself does not activate the monocytes. We conclude that this assay is a useful and sensitive test of contamination with components that can induce inflammatory reactions, especially microbial products.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Bleeker
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: den Boer
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Biessels
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Aarden
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bakker
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000209:etiology; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D012449:Safety; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D004731:Endotoxins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012996:Solutions; C079129:hemoglobin polymer; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli