title: KIN-804 vs. KU-2285 as a radiosensitizer for clinical use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The in vitro and in vivo effects of two promising hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, KIN-804 (KIN) and KU-2285 (KU), were compared using four types of assays, and the acute toxicity and pharmacokinetics of KIN were investigated to evaluate the clinical applicability of the compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the in vitro effect at low radiation doses (1-4.5 Gy), the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay using SCCVII or EMT-6 cells and the chromosomal aberration (CA) assay using EMT-6 cells were performed. In addition, an in vivo-in vitro colony assay, a growth delay assay, and a pharmacokinetic study were performed using C3H mice bearing SCCVII tumors, and the LD50/7 was determined in ICR mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the in vitro MN assay, the sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) at 0.1, 0.25, 1, and 5 mM with SCCVII cells, and at 1 mM with EMT-6 cells was respectively, 1.45, 1.61, 2.57, 4.22, and 1.96 for KIN, and 1.57, 1.62, 2.59, 5.66, and 2.21 for KU. In the in vitro CA assay, the SER at 1 mM was 1.78 for KIN and 1.79 for KU. In the in vivo-in vitro colony assay, the SER of KIN at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg was 1.24, 1.30, and 1.45, respectively, while the SER of KU at 100 mg/kg was 1.41. In the growth delay assay, the growth delay time for 100 and 200 mg/kg of the drug plus 20 Gy of radiation was respectively, 16.5 and 19.1 days for KIN, and 18.9 and 24.0 days for KU. In all experiments, the sensitizing effect of KIN was almost equal to that of KU. The LD50/7 of KIN was 3.6 g/kg by intraperitoneal injection, while that of KU was 3.6 g/kg by intraperitoneal injection, and the pharmacokinetic study of KIN revealed a low uptake of the drug by the brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both KIN and KU had a definite sensitizing effect even at lower drug concentrations or doses, suggesting their potential usefulness in clinical radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; C069296:KU 2285; C076264:2-nitroimidazole-1-methylacetohydroxamate