title: Method for establishing and measuring in vivo forces in an anterior cruciate ligament composite graft: response to differing levels of load sharing in a goat model.
abstract: In order to determine the appropriate load history for optimal remodeling of an anterior cruciate ligament graft, methods for establishing and measuring the graft force due to an external load could be set to a preselected value in in vivo are required. Our objectives with this study were to (a) develop a method in which the graft force due to an external load could be set to a preselected value in a living animal, (b) show that this force could be maintained after fixation, and (c) determine what happens to the forces after the animal has functioned for as long as 2 weeks postoperatively, when differing levels of load sharing between the segments had been set at surgery. The anterior cruciate ligament was reconstructed in 12 goats with use of a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and a synthetic augmentation device. The forces in the graft segments were established, at the time of surgical fixation, with use of a force-setting technique. In five animals, the tendon segment was set to carry 90% of the total graft force; in the remaining seven animals, the augmentation segment was set to share 90% of the total graft force. Graft forces were measured, with the use of buckle transducers mounted extra-articularly over the anterior tibia, under a 67 N anterior tibial load at 60 degrees of knee flexion before and after fixation and at 2 weeks postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Poff
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Engebretsen
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D006041:Goats; D009983:Orthopedic Equipment; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013997:Time Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing