title: Normal and abnormal pelviscopic anatomy at the internal inguinal ring in boys and the vasal triangle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to explain and define normal and abnormal laparoscopic pelvic anatomy, which has only recently become the target of much attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The embryology, normal anatomic landmarks, and abnormal findings of the male pelvis, as discerned from more than 350 laparoscopic investigations in boys, were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The medial umbilical ligament, the wishbone at the internal inguinal ring, the transverse vesical fold, and the vasal triangle are principal laparoscopic landmarks of the male pelvis. Deficient spermatic vessels, abnormal gonadal locations, patent processus vaginalis, single medial umbilical ligament, and transverse testicular ectopia were the abnormal findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic familiarity with the male pelvis permits safe and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic navigation in this new surgical arena.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Guiney
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ritchey
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000196:embryology; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D010388:Pelvis; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology*