title: Reporting of fracture radiographs by radiographers: the impact of a training programme.
abstract: In order to determine what influence training would have on their ability to interpret skeletal radiographs from the accident and emergency department, a 6 months training programme was established for three radiographers in various aspects of the radiology of orthopaedics and skeletal trauma. During the study the radiographers reported on radiographs from the accident and emergency department and each month an evaluation of their accuracy was undertaken. The overall radiographer error rate for fracture detection (false positive and false negative) declined during the training period. This was highly significant (p < 0.001). The sensitivity for fracture detection improved from 81.1% at the commencement of the trial to 95.9% at the end. This was also highly significant (p < 0.001). Radiographer specificity for the exclusion of fractures also improved from 94.4% during the first 2 months to 96.6% in the final 2 months, and this was also significant (p < 0.05). The overall error rate of two of the three radiographers improved significantly (p < 0.001) but for one radiographer the improvement did not reach a level of statistical significance. The difference in sensitivity for fracture detection at the commencement of the trial period between radiologist and radiographer was highly significant (p < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference during the last two months of the trial. The difference in specificity between radiologist and radiographer remained highly significant both at the beginning and the end of the trial (p < 0.001). Experienced radiographers who receive supplementary training in the radiology of skeletal trauma can significantly improve their diagnostic skills and can report such radiographs with a high degree of accuracy. A programme of training and certification of radiographers in fracture reporting could help alleviate the diagnostic radiologists' workload of plain film reporting.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Macclesfield District General Hospital, Cheshire, UK.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Loughran
mesh_terms: D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004496:Education, Continuing; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000193:education*; D011859:Radiography; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors