title: Retrograde ejaculation.
abstract: Retrograde ejaculation is an uncommon cause of male infertility. It should be suspected in any case of azoospermia, and might be congenital, acquired or idiopathic in origin. When pharmacological attempts to restore anterograde ejaculation fail, it is suggested that spermatozoa should be recovered from post-ejaculation urine to be applied in one of the modern techniques of assisted reproduction. The successful recovery of viable spermatozoa from the urine is dependent upon careful regulation of pH and osmolarity of the urine at the time of ejaculation. Careful handling of the retrieved spermatozoa enables isolation of sperm cells with good quality for insemination of ovulated oocytes (in vivo) or retrieved oocytes (in vitro).
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Study of Fertility, Serlin Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yavetz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yogev
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lessing
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: Z T
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Homonnai
mesh_terms: D004542:Ejaculation; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000209:etiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology