title: Growth and chemotherapeutic response of cells in a hollow-fiber in vitro solid tumor model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer treatments that appear promising in tissue culture are often less effective in solid tumors, in part because of the proliferative and microenvironmental heterogeneity that develops in these tumors as they grow. Heterogeneous tumor models are thus needed for drug screening.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to develop and test for drug evaluation a solid tumor model based on cell growth inside biocompatible hollow fibers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Building on the experience of Hollingshead and co-workers with a sparse-cell, hollow-fiber tumor model, we tested six human tumor cell lines for in vitro growth inside 450-microns internal-diameter polyvinylidine fluoride fibers and examined them histologically. Human SW620 colon carcinoma cells grown in hollow fibers were also examined using electron microscopy, and their doxorubicin sensitivity was assessed. A colorimetric assay based on sulforhodamine B was adopted to replace the more cumbersome clonogenic cell survival assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the human tumor cell lines tested grew to confluence, forming heterogeneous in vitro tumors with subpopulations of viable and necrotic cells. For SW620 hollow-fiber tumors, maximum viable cell populations in excess of 10(8) cells/mL were obtained after 8 days of growth. This viable cell density remained roughly constant for 3-4 days, permitting dose-response experiments over this time interval. Tumor cells in hollow fibers were much more resistant to a 4-hour doxorubicin exposure than were tumor cells in monolayers: LC50 values (i.e., the drug concentrations at which the plating efficiency equals one-half the plating efficiency of untreated cells) of 3.5 microM and 0.16 microM were obtained for hollow-fiber tumors and monolayers, respectively. LC50 values decreased when drug exposure time was increased. Results from the colorimetric assay were in agreement with those from the clonogenic assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The successful growth of tumor cells to confluence in hollow fibers and the feasibility of performing in vitro drug dose-response experiments with a relatively easy colorimetric assay demonstrate the potential of the hollow-fiber solid tumor model as a tool for experimental therapeutic research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hollow-fiber solid tumors may prove useful for experimental drug evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md 20892.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Casciari
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hollingshead
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alley
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malspeis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Grever
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003124:Colorimetry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004317:Doxorubicin