title: Strategic groups, performance, and strategic response in the nursing home industry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the effect of strategic group membership on nursing home performance and strategic behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 1987 Medicare and Medicaid Automated Certification Survey were combined with data from the 1987 and 1989 Pennsylvania Long Term Care Facility Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 383 Pennsylvania nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster analysis was used to place the 383 nursing homes into strategic groups on the basis of variables measuring scope and resource deployment. Performance was measured by indicators of the quality of nursing home care (rates of pressure ulcers, catheterization, and restraint usage) and efficiency in services provision. Changes in Medicare participation after passage of the 1988 Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act (MCCA) measured strategic behavior. MANOVA and Turkey HSD post hoc means tests determined if significant differences were associated with strategic group membership.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cluster analysis produced an optimal seven-group solution. Differences in group means were significant for the clustering, performance, and conduct variables (p < .0001). Strategic groups characterized by facilities providing a continuum of care services had the best patient care outcomes. The most efficient groups were characterized by facilities with high Medicare census. While all strategic groups increased Medicare census following passage of the MCCA, those dominated by for-profits had the greatest increases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis demonstrates that strategic orientation influences nursing home response to regulatory initiatives, a factor that should be recognized in policy formation directed at nursing home reform.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, School of Business and Management, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zinn
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Aaronson
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rosko
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004465:Economic Competition / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D007380:Intermediate Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000145:classification / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010934:Planning Techniques; D011357:Product Line Management / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States