title: Effects of human growth hormone on fuel utilization and mineral balance in critically ill patients on full intravenous nutritional support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) on fuel utilization, mineral and fluid balance in critically ill patients were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients requiring mechanical ventilation and receiving standard parenteral nutrition were studied. GH 0.1 mg/kg/day (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) was administered as continuous intravenous infusion for 3 days. Plasma mineral levels, urinary nitrogen, and mineral excretion were measured. Indirect calorimetry was used to calculate energy production rate and fuel utilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin-like growth factor I concentrations increased: day 4 GH, 18.9 +/- 7.0 ng/mL; controls 11.6 +/- 3.2 ng/mL (P < .05). During GH administration, the nitrogen balance became zero, whereas it remained negative in controls (P = .03). Fuel utilization did not differ between the groups. Neither did oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, or the respiratory quotient (RQ). Nonprotein RQ showed a tendency to decrease in the GH group, whereas an increase was present in controls. Mineral balance improved in both groups. Phosphate balance improved by 250% in the GH group (P = .054).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GH administration in critically ill patients reduces nitrogen loss and improves phosphate retention but does not have an important effect on fuel utilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Voerman
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Strack van Schijndel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Nauta
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: van der Veen
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Thijs
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008903:Minerals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D009584:Nitrogen