title: Immobilization, a risk factor for urinary tract stones in children. A case report.
abstract: Immobilization causes bone dissolution leading to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria in children. We report the case of a 10-year-old boy who developed 2 stones in the pelvis off his left healthy kidney after only 8 days of immobilization. He was on bedrest after pyeloplasty done for a ureteropelvic junction obstruction on the right side. Compared to references in literature our patient showed stone formation very early during the course of immobilization. Temporary hypercalciuria and stone formation are well documented because of underlying kidney disease. The risk factors of immobilization-induced hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia are discussed together with possible treatment and prophylaxis of this pathology.
authors.affiliation: Children's University Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium