title: Characteristics of nonresponders in a community survey of the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictors of nonresponse in a community survey of cognitive status in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional community survey with two stages of recruitment: an initial, less-intensive method, followed by a more aggressive approach that included face-to-face contact. Characteristics of initial nonresponders and responders were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  A close-knit rural community with higher than usual proportions of elderly, especially the very old. Subjects were interviewed in their homes. Collateral informants were subsequently interviewed by telephone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utah heads of household aged 75 and older who resided in a noninstitutionalized setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Dementia Questionnaire, and an autobiographical risk factor and family history questionnaire provided measures for all independent variables. The dependent variable was status as initial responders or initial nonresponders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An initial participation rate of 63% was achieved, but a final rate of 93% was achieved when initial nonresponders were contacted later face-to-face. MMSE score was significantly related to responder status when analyzed alone (beta = -.19, P = 0.02) and remained a significant predictor after adjusting for education and whether born in Cache County (beta = -.16, P = 0.041) or current drinking, diabetes, or "other" health problems (beta = -.18, P = 0.028). After controlling for the informant report of subject's problems with activities of daily living, MMSE score fell just below statistical significance (beta = -.16, P = 0.079).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonresponders in community surveys of the elderly appear to be disproportionately cognitively impaired. The increase in participation rates achieved after more persistent recruitment suggests that many initial nonresponders can still be recruited if intensive methods are used.
authors.affiliation: College of Family Life, Utah State University, Logan 84322-2900.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Breitner
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Wyse
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D010358:Patient Participation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population