The Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study: design of a randomized clinical trial, baseline data and implications for a long-term outcome trial.
OBJECTIVE
The primary objectives of the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot were 1) to compare the 12-week efficacy of three treatment strategies to suppress cardiac ischemia, and 2) to assess the feasibility of a prognosis trial in patients with asymptomatic cardiac ischemia.


BACKGROUND
Cardiac ischemia has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, most cardiac ischemia is asymptomatic, and although therapeutic strategies ranging from no medication to revascularization are being used to treat ischemia, no prospective study evaluating different treatment strategies has been reported.


METHODS
Patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and ischemia on exercise and ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) in 11 clinical units were randomized to receive angina-guided medical therapy, angina-guided plus ambulatory ECG ischemia-guided medical therapy or revascularization (coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery). Patients were also randomized to receive either diltiazem plus isosorbide dinitrate or atenolol plus nifedipine when possible. After anti-ischemic medication adjustment to control angina, blinded medication was adjusted in the medical therapy groups to eliminate ischemia in the ischemia-guided group. The primary outcome was the absence of ischemia at 12 weeks. Follow-up was scheduled for 1 year.


RESULTS
A total of 1,959 patients were screened by ambulatory ECG monitoring; 982 (49%) had asymptomatic ischemia, and 618 (65%) were enrolled in the study. Most patients were men, were > 60 years old and had two or more ischemic episodes, early positive exercise tests and multivessel disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Design and baseline data for a pilot study of ischemia treatment strategies are described.
Pepine
C J
CJ
University of Florida College of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gainesville 32610-0277.
Geller
N L
NL
Knatterud
G L
GL
Bourassa
M G
MG
Chaitman
B R
BR
Davies
R F
RF
Day
P
P
Deanfield
J E
JE
Goldberg
A D
AD
McMahon
R P
RP
D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D001262:Atenolol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012107:Research Design; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
D001262:Atenolol; D004110:Diltiazem; D009543:Nifedipine; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate