title: Transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy in postmenopausal bleeding.
abstract: We compared transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy with dilatation and curettage findings in 45 women with atypical postmenopausal bleedings. The histological diagnosis was atrophy in eight (17.8%) women, hormonal effects in 14 (31.1%), endometrial polyp in 19 (42.2%) and adenocarcinoma in four (8.8%). Hysteroscopy detected 16 (78.9%) of the 19 cases with polyps and two of the four with carcinoma. Sensitivity and specificity for endometrial pathology were 86.9% and 91.7% respectively. A polyp was directly diagnosed by transvaginal sonography in 13 (57.9%) women and an infiltrative endometrial cancer in two. Sensitivity and specificity for endometrial pathology were 73.9% and 95.7% respectively. All but one case of endometrial pathology were found when the endometrium (both layers) was thicker than 5 mm. Thus, an endometrial thickness of > or = 5 mm had a sensitivity of 95.7%, a specificity of 45.5% and a positive predictive value of 64.7% for endometrial pathology. This study shows that transvaginal scanning allows detection of an endometrial pathology in the vast majority of cases and it may be used as the first diagnostic step in the investigation of women with atypical postmenopausal bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department I of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cacciatore
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lehtovirta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ylöstalo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D014621:Vagina