title: Detection of coronary artery disease by digital stress echocardiography: comparison of exercise, transesophageal atrial pacing and dipyridamole echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed and compared the diagnostic potential of exercise, transesophageal atrial pacing and dipyridamole stress echocardiography in a clinical setting.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although they have been widely studied, no data exist with regard to comparisons of these procedures in a head-to-head study in different clinical settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred four consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease undergoing coronary angiography and with no previous myocardial infarction or rest left ventricular wall motion abnormalities underwent digital posttreadmill, transesophageal atrial pacing and dipyridamole echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feasibility of digital exercise echocardiography was 84%; 8 of 88 remaining patients had a nondiagnostic exercise echocardiographic test (inadequate exercise or imaging). In 80 patients with feasible and diagnostic digital exercise echocardiography, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were, respectively, 89%, 91% and 90%. Eighty of the 104 patients underwent transesophageal atrial pacing and dipyridamole echocardiography. Feasibility of the alternative stress procedures was 77% for transesophageal atrial pacing and 96% for dipyridamole. In 60 patients successfully undergoing both alternative stress procedures, sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 76% for atrial pacing and 43% and 92% for dipyridamole echocardiography, respectively. In the group of 24 patients with nondiagnostic exercise echocardiography and consequent indication to alternative stress procedures, accuracy of transesophageal atrial pacing was higher than that of dipyridamole echocardiography (73% vs. 45%, p = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of its higher diagnostic potential and additional functional information, exercise is the stress of choice when stress echocardiography is used to detect the presence of coronary artery disease. Alternative stresses can be used in patients with nondiagnostic exercise echocardiography. Transesophageal and dipyridamole echocardiography differ in feasibility and diagnostic reliability (higher sensitivity of transesophageal atrial pacing, higher specificity of dipyridamole). These characteristics must be considered when selecting procedures to be used as alternatives to exercise.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, University of Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marangelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iliceto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piccinni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Martino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sorgente
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rizzon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004176:Dipyridamole; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004947:Esophagus; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004176:Dipyridamole