title: Evaluation of the renal arteries in kidney donors: value of three-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiography with maximum-intensity-projection or surface rendering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Donors routinely undergo preoperative conventional arteriography to evaluate the renal arteries before nephrectomy. The purpose of this study was to assess the capability of three-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiograms postprocessed with maximum-intensity-projection and surface-rendering techniques to show the renal arteries of potential donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postprocessed three-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiograms of 17 patients were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced radiologists for the number and length of renal arteries visualized. Conventional arteriograms were used as the reference standard. Coronal maximum-intensity-projection and surface-rendered MR angiograms were also compared with each other with regard to the delineation of renal arteries from overlapping vessels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MR angiograms showed all 34 single or dominant renal arteries but only eight of 10 accessory arteries seen on conventional arteriograms. One of the nonvisualized accessory arteries was located within the imaged volume, and the other one arose from the distal aorta beyond the imaged regions. Five of six arterial branches arising from the proximal 30-mm portions of the renal arteries were seen on MR angiograms. Postprocessing with either maximum-intensity projection or surface-rendering showed the same number of renal arteries, although surface rendering separated overlapping veins from the renal arteries better than the maximum-intensity-projection technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that three-dimensional MR angiography is a reliable method of imaging single or dominant renal arteries, but not for showing all accessory renal arteries and small arterial branches. Surface rendering may provide specific advantages over maximum-intensity-projection in delineating renal arteries from overlapping vessels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY 14642.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Talagala
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Totterman
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Azodo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pabico
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Applegate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014019:Tissue Donors