title: A decline in HIV-infected needles returned to New Haven's needle exchange program: client shift or needle exchange?
abstract: The New Haven needle exchange program experienced a significant decline in the fraction of returned needles containing human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA. Is this decline due to the operations of the needle exchange or to a shift in clients? Analysis of demographic and behavioral data revealed that only one variable, the race of participating clients, changed significantly over time. However, HIV-1 prevalences in needles given to Whites and to non-Whites were not statistically different. Thus, client shift cannot be responsible for the decline in the observed HIV prevalence in needles. Instead, needle circulation times were a significant predictor of HIV prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Management, New Haven, CT 06520-8200.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khoshnood
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heimer
mesh_terms: D003237:Connecticut; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009339:Needles; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral