Plasma lipid effects of three common vegetable oils in reduced-fat diets of free-living adults.
We compared plasma lipid changes due to the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in partially hydrogenated soybean oil, corn oil, and sunflower oil fed in reduced-fat diets (22-26% of total energy). Each oil was the dominant fat in isoenergetic diets of centrally prepared foods consumed by 26 male and 35 female normolipidemic, free-living individuals. Test diets were consumed double-blind, alternating with self-selected diets for 5 wk each. The ranges of proportions of total fat were: 4.7-9.7% polyunsaturated fat, 8.9-14.2% monounsaturated fat and 5.4-7.4% saturated fat. All three diets lowered (P < 0.0001) total cholesterol (11%), LDL cholesterol (13%), and HDL cholesterol (10%), without triglyceride changes. We conclude that PUFAs at approximately 6% of total energy result in clinically relevant plasma cholesterol-lowering and that the proportion of polyunsaturated fat must be an important consideration when planning reduced-fat, reduced-saturated-fat diets.
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX.
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D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006368:Helianthus; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014280:Triglycerides; D013024:Soybean Oil; D003314:Corn Oil; D002784:Cholesterol