Hydralazine boluses for the treatment of severe hypertension in pre-eclampsia.
OBJECTIVE
To audit the use of bolus hydralazine for control of severe hypertension within a protocol for the management of severe pre-eclampsia.


METHODS
A retrospective review.


METHODS
Three UK teaching hospitals.


METHODS
Seventy consecutive women who received hydralazine for the treatment of sustained severe hypertension. Twenty-five women had more than one episode of hypertension amounting to a total of 109 treatment episodes.


METHODS
Intravenous bolus hydralazine 5 mg, repeated every 15 min to reduce the mean arterial pressure to < 125 mmHg.


METHODS
Change in mean arterial pressure in response to bolus hydralazine, fetal condition, as assessed by heart rate changes and umbilical arterial pH at delivery, and protocol violations were analysed.


RESULTS
Mean arterial pressure fell by 12 mmHg (95% CI 10-14) after the first bolus, 9 mmHg (95% CI 6.5-12) after the second bolus and 5 mmHg (95% CI 1-10) after the third bolus. Eighty-two (75%) episodes were managed strictly according to the protocol; of these, blood pressure was controlled by bolus therapy alone in 89%. Of the 27 instances in which the protocol was not adhered to, blood pressure was not controlled in four. There were no significant differences in the incidence of cardiotocographic abnormalities or umbilical acidaemia in the women treated before delivery (n = 36) compared with those in whom treatment was first initiated afterwards (n = 34).


CONCLUSIONS
Hydralazine given in 5 mg boluses is a safe and effective method of treating severe hypertension in pre-eclampsia. Despite clear management guidelines, protocol violations were common, and in 4% of treatment episodes these were potentially serious resulting in failure to control blood pressure.
Paterson-Brown
S
S
Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, UK.
Robson
S C
SC
Redfern
N
N
Walkinshaw
S A
SA
de Swiet
M
M
D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006830:Hydralazine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D006830:Hydralazine