Metabolic conversion of methoxymorpholinyl doxorubicin: from a DNA strand breaker to a DNA cross-linker.
Methoxymorpholinyl doxorubicin (MMDX) is a novel anti-cancer anthracycline that differs from doxorubicin in its mechanisms of action, pattern of resistance and metabolism. Whereas doxorubicin is primarily an inhibitor of topoisomerase II, MMDX inhibits both topoisomerases I and II, resulting in predominantly single-strand DNA cleavage and, to a lesser extent, double-strand DNA breakage. MMDX is equally cytotoxic in vitro against the doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant uterine sarcoma cell lines, MES-SA and Dx5. Using fluorescent laser cytometry, MMDX was retained intracellularly to a similar extent in MES-SA and Dx5; the intracellular retention of MMDX was 7.5-fold higher than that of doxorubicin in Dx5. The cytotoxicity of MMDX on an ovarian carcinoma cell line, ES-2, was potentiated 50-fold by preincubating the drug with human liver microsomes and NADPH. This cytotoxic potentiation was associated with the appearance of DNA interstrand cross-links. The in vitro potentiation of MMDX was inhibited by cyclosporin A, which is a substrate for human cytochrome P450 IIIA.
Lau
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Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento 95817.
Duran
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Lewis
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Sikic
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D001711:Biotransformation; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000378:metabolism; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism
D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; C066998:methoxy-morpholinyl-doxorubicin; D004317:Doxorubicin