Hypnosis and the dream hidden observer: primary process and demand characteristics.
In Study 1, virtuoso (n = 13; passed more than 10 suggestions on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A [HGSHS:A] and Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C), high hypnotizable (n = 14; passed more than 8 suggestions on the HGSHS:A), and medium hypnotizable (n = 17; passed 4-8 suggestions on the HGSHS:A) Ss were administered a hypnotic dream suggestion followed by a "dream hidden observer" suggestion (i.e., access hidden part; have new thoughts and images pertinent to dream). The majority of Ss reported dreams (81.8%) and hidden observers (80%), with hidden reports being characterized by more personal content, less primary processes, and poorer recall than dream reports. Study 2 replicated major findings. Although hypnotized (n = 18) and low hypnotizable simulating Ss (n = 17) responded comparably on most measures, hypnotizable Ss' dreams contained more primary process than did simulating Ss, providing support for M. R. Nash's (1991) psychoanalytic model.
Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens 45701.
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D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D004325:Dreams; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D010552:Personality Assessment; D013404:Suggestion; D014473:Unconscious, Psychology