Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy improves the therapeutic ratio in patients with bulky prostatic cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the extent of reduction of volume of normal tissue structures exposed to high doses of radiation therapy (RT) after administration of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) in patients with bulky, geometrically unfavorable prostatic cancers.


METHODS
Twenty-two patients with bulky prostatic cancers were treated with a 3 month course of neoadjuvant leuprolide acetate and eulexin prior to three-dimensional (3-D) conformal radiotherapy. Patients were included if 3-D treatment planning revealed that either > 30% of the rectal wall would receive 95% of the prescription dose (D95) (n = 13); > or = 50% of the bladder wall would receive D95 (n = 10); or that any volume of small bowel would receive > or = 65% of the prescription dose (n = 16). All patients underwent simulation and conformal treatment planning before and after NHT. Pre and posthormone cumulative dose volume histogram (DVH) calculations for all normal tissue structures were analyzed and compared for each patient.


RESULTS
The median percentage of target volume reduction after NHT was 25% (range: 3-52%). Ten of 13 patients (78%) whose prehormone rectal DVH demonstrated > 30% of the rectal wall receiving D95 responded to NHT with a median 25% (range: 16-48%) reduction of rectal volume receiving the D95. A median reduction of 50% (range: 6-64%) of the bladder volume receiving D95 was observed in nine of ten patients (90%), while 13 of 16 (81%) showed a reduction of small bowel volume to a median percentage of 88% (range: 67-100%) of the prehormonal values.


CONCLUSIONS
Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy is an effective method for decreasing the size of bulky prostatic tumors as well as for optimizing the geometry of the target volume in relation to the adjacent normal tissue structures prior to radiation therapy. Such an approach allows for reduction of the volume of normal tissues exposed to high doses in the majority of treated patients. Currently, studies are underway to determine whether NHT will lead to a decreased likelihood of long-term complications associated with radiotherapy of bulky, geometrically unfavorable prostatic tumors, and permit the safe delivery of escalated dose levels using conformal treatment techniques.
Zelefsky
M J
MJ
Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021.
Leibel
S A
SA
Burman
C M
CM
Kutcher
G J
GJ
Harrison
A
A
Happersett
L
L
Fuks
Z
Z
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005485:Flutamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000528:radiation effects; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000528:radiation effects
D005485:Flutamide; D016729:Leuprolide