Cerebral demyelination with 5-fluorouracil and levamisole.
We report a patient who developed multifocal cerebral demyelination with the use of 5-fluorouracil, levamisole, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for intestinal adenocarcinoma. The clinical features were acute confusion, restlessness, ataxia, and slurred speech. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal enhancing white matter lesions. Brain biopsy showed a well-demarcated area of demyelination in cerebral white matter. The patient improved clinically and radiologically after cessation of chemotherapy and a short course of steroids. There have been only 4 previously reported cases of multifocal leukoencephalopathy related to the use of combination 5-fluorouracil and levamisole. The extensive use of these agents as adjuvant treatment for colorectal carcinoma may result in more frequent recognition of this form of neurological toxicity.
Department of Neoplastic Diseases, Jerald H. Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York.
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Fassas
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Gattani
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Morgello
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007978:Levamisole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D007978:Levamisole; D005472:Fluorouracil