An update on approaches to the development of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) vaccines.
RSV and PIV3 are responsible for about 30% of severe viral respiratory tract disease leading to hospitalization of infants and children. For this reason, there is a need to develop vaccines effective against these viruses. Since these viruses cause severe disease in early infancy, vaccines must be effective in the presence of maternal antibody. Currently, several strategies for immunization against these viruses are being explored including peptide vaccines, subunit vaccines, vectored vaccines (e.g., vaccinia-RSV or adenovirus-RSV recombinants), and live attenuated virus vaccines. The current status of these approaches is reviewed. In addition, the immunologic basis for the disease potentiation seen in vaccinees immunized with formalin-inactivated RSV during subsequent RSV infection is reviewed. The efficacy of immunization in the presence of maternal antibody is discussed. Much progress for a RSV and PIV3 vaccine has been made and successful immunization against each of these pathogens should be achieved within this decade.
Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Murphy
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Hall
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Kulkarni
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Crowe
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Collins
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Connors
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Karron
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Chanock
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D016882:ISCOMs; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000276:immunology; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D016205:Sigmodontinae; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity
D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016882:ISCOMs; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines