A behavioral neurogenetics approach to developmental disabilities: gene-brain-behavior associations.
This review provides a discussion of behavioral neurogenetics' contribution to understanding neurodevelopmental pathways in learning and developmental disabilities. A brief overview is given of several common neurogenetic disorders with various genetic etiologies including Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Tourette's syndrome. Special emphasis is placed on fragile X syndrome as representative of a newly-discovered class of genetic conditions characterized by an unstable trinucleotide repeat. A spectrum of cognitive, behavioral, and social-emotional phenotypic features associated with fragile X syndrome is examined. Also included are findings from recent neuroimaging research and a discussion of the need for the classification of symptoms on the basis of underlying genetic/medical conditions.
Kennedy Krieger Institute, Behavioral Neurogenetics and Neuroimaging Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21205.
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Baumgardner
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Green
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Reiss
D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology