Biomechanics of malalignment.
This article summarizes the range and variation of femorotibial alignment, the horizontal orientation of the hip, knee, and ankle joint line, and other pertinent anatomic factors of the lower extremity in normal population groups evenly divided according to gender and age. Although the present data deals only with a two-dimensional frontal plane analysis, it should provide valuable information for subsequent clinical and basic science investigations.
Chao
E Y
EY
Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Neluheni
E V
EV
Hsu
R W
RW
Paley
D
D
D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D017760:Bone Malalignment / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged