Suicide in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a clinical analysis of seven suicidal patients.
Despite many suicidal cases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), literature on this subject is lacking. To elucidate and prevent this phenomenon, we re-evaluated the clinical records of seven suicidal patients with SLE. Six patients had photosensitivity and insomnia. At the time of the suicide attempt, hypocomplementemia was observed in five of six patients. Diffuse slowing on electroencephalograms were observed in four of five patients. One patient successfully committed suicide while on no therapy while five patients made their attempts under the tapering courses of steroids. Five patients manifested psychoses whereas two patients displayed no psychotic findings. All patients attempted suicide shortly after admission (mean time 20 days). The subsequent courses of the survivors who received more medication were favorable. Therefore, it appears that disease activity was not fully controlled in these patients. Furthermore, signs of an imminent suicide attempt were missed in some cases. Psychosis, insomnia, history of photosensitivity, an incompletely controlled disease state, receiving tapering steroid dose, diffuse slowings on electroencephalograms and the presence of hypocomplementemia appeared to be risks for attempting suicide in SLE. We would recommend that such patients be under psychiatric care for at least 2 months to prevent suicide. When the patient is still psychotic or unstable, further medical care will be required.
First Department of Internal Medicine, Nerima-Hikarigaoka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Y
Y
Matsukawa
S
S
Sawada
T
T
Hayama
H
H
Usui
T
T
Horie
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015941:Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology; D000092864:Suicide Prevention