Clinical effects of organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors.
Nerve agents, highly toxic organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors, inhibit acetylcholinesterase and cause an accumulation of acetylcholine. Clinical effects depend on the route and amount of exposure and include miosis, bronchoconstriction, excessive secretions, vomiting, seizures, and cessation of respiratory and cardiac activity. Eye effects include miosis, engorgement of ocular vessels, pain, and decrease in light sensitivity. Therapy consists of atropine, a cholinesterase reactivator (pralidoxime), and ventilation as needed.
Chemical Casualty Care Office, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21014.
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D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D015877:Miosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced
D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D001285:Atropine; D000109:Acetylcholine; C028797:pralidoxime