High D-dimer levels: a possible index of risk of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation and/or digestive bleeding in advanced liver cirrhosis?
The coagulation parameters of fourteen patients with advanced liver cirrhosis (3 in Child class B and 11 in class C) were prospectively determined quarterly for one year in order to evaluate the possible relationship between high D-dimer levels and incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and of gastrointestinal bleeding. The values of D-dimer, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, platelets, fibrinogen, prothrombin activity and antithrombin III were fairly stable in almost all patients and no patient developed an overt DIC; one patient had a significant increase in D-dimer three months after the first control. During the one year follow-up, four patients died, one by the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and three by digestive bleeding. Overall, four patients had upper digestive tract bleeding, three from esophageal varices and one from hemorrhagic gastritis. Hemorrhage was more frequent in patients with high D-dimer levels (3/7, 43%) than in patients with normal D-dimer levels (1/7, 14%). In conclusion, the detection of high D-dimer levels in patients with advanced cirrhosis is not predictive for the occurrence of a overt DIC but seems to be related with an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Cioni
G
G
Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica III, Università, Modena.
Cristani
A
A
Vignoli
A
A
Ventura
E
E
D000368:Aged; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D