Legionnaires' disease associated with cooling towers--Massachusetts, Michigan, and Rhode Island, 1993.
From July through October 1993, outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease (LD) were reported from communities in Massachusetts and Rhode Island and from a state prison in Michigan. Cooling towers (CTs) were identified as the source of all three outbreaks. This report summarizes investigations by state and local health officials and CDC and efforts to control these outbreaks.
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007877:Legionnaires' Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011330:Prisons; D012237:Rhode Island / Q000453:epidemiology; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial