Hunger in California: what interventions are needed?
OBJECTIVE
Although research exists on the nutritional status of individuals and families who seek emergency food, there is little guidance on what to do about it. Our purpose was to develop effective nutrition interventions to assist individuals and families seeking emergency food.


METHODS
Two survey instruments were used to collect data on 697 emergency food providers and 3,365 emergency food clients in 20 California counties between 1986 and 1990.


METHODS
Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.


RESULTS
Information from the food providers who staff the emergency food sites revealed insufficient food to meet the growing demand, client difficulties in using the donated food, and the need for information to improve the safety and nutritional quality of the donated food. Information from the emergency food clients documented that 70.4% of them were families with children, 84% had incomes below the poverty level, and 20% reported no income at all. In addition, most clients (70%) were not enrolled in the food stamp program.


CONCLUSIONS
In response to the surveys, counties initiated a variety of interventions, including public awareness campaigns, community development activities, and nutrition education programs. Important strategies are to teach recipients ways to optimize food resources, encourage eligible individuals to enroll in federal nutrition programs, and link individuals with agencies that offer assistance.
Joy
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AB
University of California, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Berkeley 94720-3104.
Fujii
M L
ML
Garcia
L
L
Lamp
C
C
Sutherlin
J
J
Williamson
E
E
D002140:California; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005522:Food Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires