Postoperative analgesics for children and adolescents: prescription and administration.
Pain was measured and analgesic treatment examined in 131 children and adolescents, 8-17 years of age, for 5 days after surgery. Analgesic data were converted to 10 mg intramuscular morphine-equivalent doses (IMMSEQ) and were designated appropriate or inappropriate for body weight. Analgesic onset, peak, and duration were calculated in relation to administration routes and the time pain assessments were made. Children reported moderately severe pain in many body locations. Initially, all but two children were prescribed and ultimately all but one received analgesics. Prescribed and administered doses were frequently less than doses recommended for weight. Two-thirds of the children were beyond analgesic action when pain was assessed. Weak to moderately strong associations were noted between IMMSEQ doses and pain intensity scores on each of the 5 postoperative days. Unfortunately, findings indicate that children continue to be undertreated when they experience postoperative pain.
Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0606.
M D
MD
Tesler
D J
DJ
Wilkie
W L
WL
Holzemer
M C
MC
Savedra
D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000700:Analgesics