WET, a T1- and B1-insensitive water-suppression method for in vivo localized 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Suppression of the water signal during 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy by repeated sequences of a frequency-selective radiofrequency pulse and a gradient dephasing pulse requires nulling of the longitudinal component of the water magnetization and is therefore affected by T1 relaxation, RF-pulse flip angles (which depend on B1), and sequence timing. In in vivo applications, T1 and B1 inhomogeneity within the sample may cause spatially inhomogeneous water suppression. An improved water-suppression technique called WET (water suppression enhanced through T1 effects), developed from a Bloch equation analysis of the longitudinal magnetization over the T1 and B1 ranges of interest, achieves T1- and B1-insensitive suppression with four RF pulses, each having a numerically optimized flip angle. Once flip angles have been optimized for a given sequence, time-consuming flip-angle adjustments during clinical examinations are eliminated. This water-suppression technique was characterized with respect to T1 variations, B1 variations, off-resonance effects, and partial saturation effects and was compared to similar techniques. Effective water suppression has been achieved with this new technique in single-voxel spectroscopy examinations of more than 50 brain tumor patients at 1.5 T.
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101.
R J
RJ
Ogg
P B
PB
Kingsley
J S
JS
Taylor
D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008961:Models, Structural; D014867:Water
D014867:Water