Distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in Brazil from 1988 to 1992.
Forty-two serotypes were identified among 288 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients living in Brazil. Serotyping was determined by the capsular typing test (Quellung reaction). Types 14 (10.4%), 6B (9.8%), 23F (8.0%), 5 (7.3%), 19F (6.9%), 6A (6.0%), and 1 and 4 (4.6%) were the most commonly identified strains. Two hundred twenty (76.4%) of the strains were of serotypes that are included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. If vaccine-related serotypes are also considered, the proportions of coverage in the vaccine are 82.3% (if type 6B alone is added) and 85.7% (if all the vaccine-related types are considered to be cross-protecting). Decreased susceptibility to penicillin, which was identified by using the 1-microgram oxacillin disk method as a screening test, was detected in 70 (26.7%) strains. The MICs of nine antimicrobial agents were determined by using the procedures recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Seventy (35.9%) of the strains were resistant to tetracycline, 57 (29.2%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 3 (1.5%) were resistant to rifampin, 2 (0.80%) were resistant to penicillin, and 1 (0.5%) was resistant to chloramphenicol. The two penicillin-resistant strains were also resistant to or had decreased susceptibilities to cephalosporins. Forty-seven (17.9%) of the strains were intermediately resistant to penicillin, 17 (8.7%) were intermediately resistant to tetracycline, 13 (6.7%) were intermediately resistant to chloramphenicol, 12 (6.1%) were intermediately resistant to erythromycin, and 6 (3.1%) were intermediately resistant to rifampin.
Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J F
JF
Sessegolo
A S
AS
Levin
C E
CE
Levy
M
M
Asensi
R R
RR
Facklam
L M
LM
Teixeira
D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*