Induction of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonhuman primates by the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline.
The heterocyclic aromatic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) was evaluated for carcinogenic effects in macaques, primarily cynomolgus monkeys. IQ was administered by gavage five times a week at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg. IQ induced hepatocellular carcinoma in 55% of the animals at the low dose and in 95% of the animals at 20 mg/kg. The average latent period at the high dose level was 43 months and that at the low dose was 60 months. Generally, the tumor nodules exhibited a well- to moderately well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, and a trabecular pattern was most frequently seen. Pulmonary metastases were also found in several of the monkeys. Thus, IQ is a potent carcinogen in nonhuman primates and is a potential carcinogen for humans.
Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
R H
RH
Adamson
S
S
Takayama
T
T
Sugimura
U P
UP
Thorgeirsson
D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000633:toxicity*
D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D011804:Quinolines; C029216:2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline