Stress and adenosine: II. Adenosine analogs mimic the effect of inescapable shock on shuttle-escape performance in rats.
In 3 experiments, the authors examined the role of adenosine regulation in escape deficits produced by earlier exposure to inescapable shock in rats (learned helplessness). Adenosine analogs injected before escape testing mimicked the effect of earlier inescapable shock, with the magnitude of the deficit varying with dose and drug specificity for A2 adenosine receptors. Agonist-induced and stress-induced escape deficits were eliminated by pretest treatment with the centrally acting adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline but not the peripheral antagonist 8-[p-sulfophenyl]-theophylline. Finally, preexposure to an ineffective number of inescapable shocks interacted in synergy with an ineffective pretest injection of adenosine agonist to maximize deficits in escape performance. These data implicate energy regulation and a central compensatory action by adenosine in the aspects of helplessness related to conservation-withdrawal.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1563.
T R
TR
Minor
J L
JL
Winslow
W C
WC
Chang
D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019830:Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004597:Electroshock; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects*; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects; D006380:Helplessness, Learned; D008297:Male; D010660:Phenylisopropyladenosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*
D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D010660:Phenylisopropyladenosine; D019830:Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); D000241:Adenosine