Comparison of two intensified conventional insulin regimens with three and four daily injections.
When choosing an intensified conventional insulin therapy, no specific differentiation is made between the three-injection regimen (regular insulin at breakfast and lunch, and regular+intermediate-acting insulin at dinner) and the four-injection regimen (regular insulin at breakfast, lunch and dinner, and intermediate-acting insulin at bedtime). No published studies have evaluated to our knowledge the differences between these two regimens. In 1991, we proposed to 30 stable type 1 diabetic patients without residual insulin secretion a change from three to four daily injections: 7 refused, 4 were later excluded for intercurrent events; 19 followed the four daily injection regimen for 2 years. In these non randomized 19 patients, the Student's test for paired data was used to compare with a self-controlled study the 1989-90 three-daily injection period with the 1991-92 four-daily-injection period in order to evaluate any differences in daytime blood glucose values (bi-monthly out-patient measurements taken at 8 am, 10 am, 3 pm and 5 pm), nocturnal blood glucose levels at 3 am (bi-monthly patient self-monitoring by means of a blood glucose meter, for a total of 188 vs 188 measurements), HbA1c (a total of 203 vs 207 bi-monthly out-patient measurements), the number of nocturnal hypoglycaemic attacks, body weight and mean insulin requirement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Center of Diabetic and Metabolic disease, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
E
E
Faglia
F
F
Favales
M
M
Brivio
P
P
Calia
A
A
Quarantiello
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin