Elevation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 level in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with communicating hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
OBJECTIVE
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a multifunctional polypeptide that controls the production of extracellular matrix protein. Platelets store a large quantity of TGF-beta 1, which is released at hemorrhage. We recently reported that human recombinant TGF-beta 1 induced communicating hydrocephalus in mice. The aim of this study was to determine whether TGF-beta 1 is related to the development of communicating hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).


METHODS
TGF-beta 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid of 24 patients with SAH was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels were compared between hydrocephalic and nonhydrocephalic groups. Western blot analysis was performed to determine active TGF-beta 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid.


RESULTS
TGF-beta 1 rapidly decreased from the onset of SAH. The level of TGF-beta 1 of 13 patients showing ventricular dilatation with periventricular low density on computed tomographic scan was 1.07 +/- 0.37 ng/mL on days 12 through 14, which was significantly higher than 0.52 +/- 0.21 ng/mL in patients without ventricular dilatation (P < .02). Furthermore, the TGF-beta 1 level of patients who had undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunt (n = 11) was 1.11 +/- 0.09 ng/mL on days 12 through 14, which was also higher than the level of the nonshunt group (n = 13) (0.56 +/- 0.22 ng/mL; P < .01). A 25-kD band was demonstrated by Western blot analysis in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with SAH.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results strongly suggest that TGF-beta 1 plays an important role in generating communicating hydrocephalus after SAH.
Kitazawa
K
K
Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
Tada
T
T
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta