Progress in the prevention of hearing loss in infants.
Two leading causes of hearing loss in infants and young children have been bacterial meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) and congenital toxoplasmosis. In this two-part review, we describe the essential nature and incidence of these two diseases and how the availability of a Hib vaccine effective and safe with infants as young as 2 mo of age; the prospect of universal immunization against Hib disease; the introduction of cephalosporin antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment; and the use of early and prolonged antimicrobial therapy with children with congenital toxoplasmosis promises significant reduction, if not complete eradication, of hearing loss in infants and toddlers attributable to Hib bacterial meningitis and congenital toxoplasmosis. As a result, there may be up to a third fewer children under the age of five with severe hearing impairment annually in the United States.
Program in Audiology and Hearing Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
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Boyer
D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D002443:Ceftriaxone; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002444:Cefuroxime