title: A CD and an NMR study of multiple bradykinin conformations in aqueous trifluoroethanol solutions.
abstract: CD and nmr studies have been carried out on aqueous trifluoroethanol (TFE) solutions of bradykinin (BK) and a bradykinin antagonist. The CD results exhibit a striking effect of TFE on the spectra of BK, with sequence Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg, and the BK antagonist, with sequence D-Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-D-Ser-D-Cpg-Cpg-Arg [where Hyp is 4-hydroxy-L-proline; Thi refers to beta-(2-thienyl)-L-alanine and Cpg refers to alpha-cyclopentylglycine). The effect of increasing concentration of TFE in water on the difference ellipticity at 222 nm was examined and showed that BK may be a mixture of at least two different conformers, one of which largely forms when the TFE concentration is increased beyond 80%. The linear extrapolation of 100% of the difference ellipticity of BK at low TFE concentrations yields a value in agreement with that shown by the BK antagonist, indicating that the conformation of BK at the lower TFE concentrations is similar to that of the BK antagonist. The conformational analysis was carried out using both one-dimensional and two-dimensional 1H-nmr techniques. The total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) spectrum of BK in a 60/40% (v/v) TFE/H2O solution at 10 degrees C and a nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) spectrum that shows only sequential H alpha (i)-NH(i + 1) or the H alpha (i)-H delta delta' (i + 1) NOEs indicate that the majority of the molecules adopt an all-trans extended conformation. The TOCSY for BK in the 95/5% (v/v) TFE/H2O solution shows that there are two major conformations in the solution with about equal population. The NOESY experiment shows two new important cross peaks for one conformation, namely Pro2 (alpha)-Pro3 (alpha) and the Pro2 (alpha)-Gly4(NH), indicating a cis Pro2-Pro3 bond and a type VI beta-turn between residues Arg1 and Gly4 involving cis proline at position 3, respectively. The low temperature coefficient of Gly4 for this conformation suggests the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond, therefore a type VIa beta-turn is present. The other conformation is all trans and extended. The BK antagonist shows difference CD spectra in TFE solutions referred to H2O that are superficially indicative of a beta-bend.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cann
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gera
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kotovych
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000737:chemistry*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012996:Solutions; D014270:Trifluoroethanol; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D014270:Trifluoroethanol; D001920:Bradykinin