title: A comparison of operation, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in biliary complications after hepatic transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biliary complications (BC) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In an effort to determine the incidence of BC after OLT and the success of management options, 157 hepatic transplants performed from January 1987 to July 1991 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of BC was 25 percent, with a one year mortality rate of 43.5 percent compared with 23.4 percent for patients in a control group (p < 0.05). Most BC occurring before postoperative day 30 presented as leaks, with a one year mortality rate of 50 percent (p < 0.03 versus control group). Biliary complications presenting after postoperative day 30 presented as strictures, with a one year mortality rate of 36.8 percent (p = NS versus control group). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTHC), and operative treatment were analyzed to determine relative patency rates after intervention for BC. The analysis showed that ERCP and PTHC were equivalent, with a one year patency rate of 45 percent. Operative treatment had a patency rate of 89 percent (p < 0.05 compared to ERCP and PTHC).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from ERCP and PTHC may be useful for delineation of rejection versus BC after OLT. However, operative treatment is significantly more effective for definitive treatment of BC after OLT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, New England Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pleskow
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y / Q000009:adverse effects; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D002404:Catheterization; D002423:Cause of Death; D002758:Cholangiography; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002768:Choledochostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate