title: A mechanically detachable coil for the treatment of aneurysms and occlusion of blood vessels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate mechanically detachable coil designs capable of controlled and instantaneous release within an aneurysm or vascular space.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three mechanically detachable coil designs, clamped ball, looped ribbon, and interlocking cylinder, were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo testing to study reliability of coil release, retractability, and coil behavior in a microcatheters. In vitro tests were performed using a glass side-wall aneurysm model and conventional microcatheters. In vivo experiments in rabbits included aneurysm models (side-wall and bifurcation) and arterial occlusions (carotid and renal).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three designs deployed coils easily and were able to retract coils after partial deployment. Motion was seen in previously released coils and in the catheter when using the clamped ball and looped ribbon designs. The interlocking cylinder design did not cause similar motion. When compared with the other two designs, the interlocking cylinder had significantly greater separation forces between coil pusher and coil while in the catheter. Frictional forces within the catheter were lower for the interlocking cylinder mechanically detachable coil design than for a commercially available conventional coil and coil pusher system. During in vivo testing, the mechanically detachable coil design operated smoothly in the catheter, providing good release and retraction in aneurysms and straight vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interlocking cylinder mechanically detachable coil design is superior to the other two tested designs. The mechanically detachable coil was reliably delivered and detached in in vivo testing for the treatment of aneurysms and for the occlusion of blood vessels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5105.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chee
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Liddell
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Panahian
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011817:Rabbits