title: The role of relaxin in the development of the uteroplacental circulation in early pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relation between the development of the uteroplacental circulation as assessed by Doppler velocimetry and the maternal blood relaxin concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transvaginal color Doppler investigation of the uteroplacental circulation was performed in 42 healthy women at 6-15 weeks' gestation before termination of pregnancy for psychosocial reasons. The resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and maximum peak velocity were recorded at the level of the main uterine artery, and the presence of intervillous flow was noted. Relaxin, hCG, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and progesterone levels were measured in maternal venous blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Limited intervillous flow was noted from 10 weeks' gestation and continuous intervillous flow from 12 weeks. An inverse relation was observed between the circulating levels of both E2 and progesterone and uterine artery RI and PI, whereas the relaxin level correlated positively with uterine RI and PI. Estradiol and progesterone levels also correlated positively with uterine peak systolic velocity and intervillous blood flow. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that both hormones contributed to the decrease in downstream resistance to uterine blood flow with advancing gestational age, as assessed by uterine RI. In addition, relaxin contributed to the uterine RI and PI and to the intervillous blood flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that relaxin, E2, and progesterone may influence the changes in uterine blood flow that occur in early pregnancy. The role played by E2 and progesterone in the development of the uteroplacental circulation may be modulated by relaxin, constituting a novel function for this ovarian peptide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jauniaux
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jurkovic
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meuris
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012065:Relaxin / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D012065:Relaxin