title: Intrapleural administration of interleukin-2 and LAK cells in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. A case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The systemic administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells is ineffective in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is some evidence that their intrapleural administration could be effective, since it increases the concentrations of the cytokine and the effector cells in the tumor area, thereby obtaining greater antitumor activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a patient affected by a locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma with pleural effusion (T4 N0 M0-stage IIIb) treated with repetitive courses consisting of a priming continuous i.v. infusion (48 h) of rIL-2 (18 MIU/m2/day) intraplural administration of LAK cells (3-9 x 10(9)/day), in a single daily bolus, for 3 consecutive days and concomitant administration of rIL-2 (1.8-7.2 x 10(6) IU/day), for 5 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed early disappearance of neoplastic cells in the pleural effusion, progressive decrease until disappearance of the pleural effusion, cavitation of the primary lesion during the treatment, and its stabilization for 9 months until progression. Radiologic changes were accompanied by a marked eosinophilia (up to 50 x 10(9)/L), and the intrapleural route of administration of rIL-2 induced a relevant increase in eosinophil count in peripheral blood. Immunologic changes in lymphocyte subpopulation phenotypes were also observed. The performance status of the patient improved, and she was still alive and eupnoic 25 months from the diagnosis and 23 months from the start of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case suggests a therapeutic role for intrapleural rIL-2, and we believe that the relationship among intrapleural administration of rIL-2 and LAK cells, the development of peripheral eosinophilia, and clinical response should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Medicina II, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matteucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tresoldi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tognella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Citterio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fortis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Besana
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rugarli
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000276:immunology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010994:Pleura
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2