title: Basics of robotics and manipulators in endoscopic surgery.
abstract: The experience with sophisticated remote handling systems for nuclear operations in inaccessible rooms can to a large extent be transferred to the development of robotics and telemanipulators for endoscopic surgery. A telemanipulator system is described consisting of manipulator, endeffector and tools, 3-D video-endoscope, sensors, intelligent control system, modeling and graphic simulation and man-machine interfaces as the main components or subsystems. Such a telemanipulator seems to be medically worthwhile and technically feasible, but needs a lot of effort from different scientific disciplines to become a safe and reliable instrument for future endoscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Research Centre Karlsruhe, Division of Technical Engineering, Germany.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Rininsland
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003199:Computer Systems; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science / Q000295:instrumentation; D011786:Quality Control; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation; D013597:Systems Analysis; D017216:Telemedicine; D014741:Video Recording