title: Risk factors for peritoneal dialysis-related infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with peritoneal dialysis-related infections at one center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a retrospective study of a 3-year time period with relatively stable treatment patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single center experienced academic peritoneal dialysis program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (N = 163) receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) from January 1989 to December 1991 who had received treatment at home for at least one month.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Catheter-related infection and peritonitis were the main outcome measures. Variables affecting infection rates that were assessed included age, time on PD, prior end-stage renal disease (ESRD) therapy, diabetic status, catheter type, exchange device, nasal carriage of S. aureus, and prophylactic rifampin therapy. Data were analyzed with univariate as well as with a fixed-effects and a mixed-effects gamma-Poisson multiple regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Variables associated with an increased risk of new peritonitis included age under 20 years (p < 0.009; rate ratio 4.54) and nasal carriage of S. aureus (p < 0.04; rate ratio 1.75). Decreased new peritonitis risk was associated with the ULTRA Set exchange system (p < 0.008; risk ratio 0.38) and intermittent prophylactic rifampin therapy (p < 0.001; rate ratio 0.99 for each 1% time on therapy). Catheter-related infections were increased in patients who had double-cuff catheters (p < 0.003) and nasal carriage of S. aureus (p < 0.04; rate ratio 1.82). Decreased catheter-related infections were noted in older patients (p < 0.02; rate ratio 0.983/year) and increasing months of study follow-up (p < 0.03; rate ratio 0.97/month).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our program nasal carriage of S. aureus increased the risk of peritonitis and catheter-related infection. Prophylactic rifampin significantly decreased peritonitis, as did use of the ULTRA Set. Single-cuff opaque catheters had the lowest catheter infection rate. Analysis of the relationships between clinical and demographic variables and peritoneal dialysis-related infection rate can identify significant contributing or protective variables and allow peritoneal dialysis programs to develop preventive strategies to minimize the risk of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Oxton
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Roecker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakeen
mesh_terms: D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D012293:Rifampin