Tics and dyskinesias associated with stimulant treatment in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence of tics or dyskinesias (T/D) and examine associated clinical factors in children treated with stimulant medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.


METHODS
Cross-sectional analysis of a clinic cohort with chart review.


METHODS
Hospital-based clinical service within a division of developmental and behavioral pediatrics.


METHODS
One hundred twenty-two children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with stimulant medication. All children currently or recently treated were included.


METHODS
None.


RESULTS
Determinations were made of medication used, medication dosage, presence or absence of T/D, time of T/D onset, and history and family history of T/D. Incidence of T/D was 9.0% of children or 8.2% of medication trials. One child (0.8%) had development of Tourette's syndrome. Age, medication, dosage, history of tics, or family history of tics was not related to onset of T/D.


CONCLUSIONS
Approximately 9% of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with stimulant medication had development of T/D, predominantly transient in nature, with less than 1% having development of chronic tics or Tourette's syndrome. Personal or family tic history, medication selection, or dosage was not related to onset of T/D.
Lipkin
P H
PH
Department of Pediatrics, Schneider Children's Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY.
Goldstein
I J
IJ
Adesman
A R
AR
D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010389:Pemoline / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*
D008774:Methylphenidate; D010389:Pemoline; D003913:Dextroamphetamine