title: Increase in blood pressure reproducibility by repeated semi-automatic blood pressure measurements in the clinic environment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether increasing the number of blood pressure readings obtained in the clinic environment increases the blood pressure reproducibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen mild essential hypertensive patients studied in the outpatient clinics, following withdrawal of antihypertensive treatment for 4 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured three times, using a mercury sphygmomanometer, with the patient in the sitting position. Measurements were then performed with the patient in the lying position using an oscillometric device (SpaceLabs 90202 or 90207). The device was operated semi-automatically at 3-min intervals until 25 readings had been collected. The same procedure was repeated 4 weeks later. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were averaged by considering a progressively greater number of readings, from 1 to 25. The reciprocal of the standard deviation (1/SD) of the mean difference after 4 weeks was taken as the measure of reproducibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1/SD increased progressively as the number of semi-automatic blood pressure readings from which the average was calculated increased. For a similar number of blood pressure readings the reproducibility was similar for semi-automatic readings to that for automatic readings obtained by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple blood pressure readings obtained semi-automatically in the outpatient clinics increase blood pressure reproducibility and make the value similar to that obtained by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The advantage of an increase in reproducibility for studies on antihypertensive drugs thus depends on the number of readings, and can also be obtained by semi-automatic measurements in the clinic environment.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Medicina Interna, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ulian
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trazzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001331:Automation; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods*; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013599:Systole