title: [Antitumor effects of cytokines with immunomodulatory activity].
abstract: The attempts to augment the immune responses in patients with solid tumors have been undertaken since long time ago. Recognition of the nature and biologic functions of cytokines and their receptors was the turning point in the studies on potential use of various immunotherapeutics. The availability of genetically engineered recombinant preparations enabled conducting basic and applied studies on a wide scale. There are numerous Phase I and II clinical trials ongoing in patients with melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, bronchogenic and digestive tract cancers, leukemias as well as other malignancies. Several cytokine preparations were shown to be quite toxic upon systemic application; at present they are more frequently used in loco regional (peritumoral) administration. More recently, a variety of tumor cells or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been genetically engineered by transfection with different cytokine genes to yield "autovaccines". When applied locally they can be the source of cytokines, which in turn might be beneficial for the organism by unsettling the tumor-host balance. Cytokines are used in mono- and multidrug therapy in combinations with other cytokine or cytostatics. The colony-forming stimulating factors that stimulate proliferation of hematopoietic cells and induce their differentiation have found their application (e.g. GM-CSF or G-CSF) in enhancing the bone marrow renewal after chemo- and radiotherapy in cancer patients. They are also applied after bone marrow transplantation in patients with myelogenous leukemias. The results of immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer treatment are far from expected. Nevertheless, they gave us the fundamental insight into the complexity of tumor-host relationship.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Immunologii Nowotworów, Instytut Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej im. Ludwika Hirszfelda, PAN, Wrocław.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radzikowski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pajtasz-Piasecka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Glazman-Kuśnierczyk
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines
vernacular_title: Efekt przeciwnowotworowy cytokin o aktywności immunomodulatorowej.