title: A thyroid hormone receptor-dependent glucocorticoid induction.
abstract: Glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones exert their effects in many body tissues by binding to their respective receptors. The search for possible cross-talking mechanisms in overlapping target cells led to the discovery of synergism between a thyroid hormone receptor-binding site and a cryptic glucocorticoid-responsive element. Glucocorticoid responsiveness could only be detected in the presence of thyroid hormone and its receptor. This synergism requires the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) DNA-binding domain and is mediated by the transactivation domains. We found that synergism also occurs when the thyroid hormone receptor is replaced by the retinoic acid receptor or the GR is replaced by the progesterone receptor. Synergism is qualitatively independent of the type of thyroid hormone receptor-binding site and promoter. In several combinations of promoter and response elements, including a retinoic acid response element, T3 induction was only seen in the presence of the cryptic glucocorticoid-responsive element, GR, and glucocorticoids.
authors.affiliation: Genetisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leers
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Renkawitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005813:Genes, Synthetic; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009113:Muramidase / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C028697:dexamethasone receptor; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004247:DNA; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D009113:Muramidase