Percutaneous absorption of estradiol and progesterone in normal and appendage-free skin of the hairless rat: lack of importance of nutritional blood flow.
Percutaneous absorption occurs after passive diffusion through the different layers of the skin and its appendages. Thereafter, a resorption process into the cutaneous microcirculation brings the compounds into the systemic circulation. The objective of this in vivo study in the hairless rat was to compare the percutaneous absorption of two steroids on normal and appendage-free (scar) skin and to show if differences in absorption result only from the lack of hair follicles and sebaceous glands and/or from a modification of local blood flow. Percutaneous absorption was evaluated with estradiol and progesterone after 30 min, 2 and 6 h. Except after 30 min, the reservoir function of the stratum corneum of scar skin was approximately twice as high as in normal skin. Eighty to ninety percent of the estradiol and progesterone found in the stratum corneum were located in its superficial layers. Inversely, whatever the application time was, the concentrations of both steroids in the epidermis and dermis were significantly higher in normal skin than in scar skin with maximal difference between about 40 and 400 microns, the area of sebaceous gland localization. Cutaneous blood flow in full-thickness skin, assessed by the thallium-201 method, was globally identical in normal and in scar skin. In scar skin, at the level of papillary dermis, a decrease in blood flow due to the thicker viable epidermis and the flat dermoepidermal junction has been shown without implying an accumulation of drug in the epidermis and superficial dermis. Under these conditions, our results clearly demonstrate that the nutritional blood flow does not interfere with the percutaneous absorption of estradiol and progesterone in normal and scar skin. Thus, they confirm the significant contribution of hair follicles and sebaceous glands to drug penetration into the skin and subsequently the systemic circulation.
Hueber
F
F
Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
Besnard
M
M
Schaefer
H
H
Wepierre
J
J
D000818:Animals; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006197:Hair / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011374:Progesterone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012627:Sebaceous Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D012869:Skin Absorption
D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol