title: Serum levels, absorption efficiency, faecal elimination and synthesis of cholesterol during increasing doses of dietary sitostanol esters in hypercholesterolaemic subjects.
abstract: 1. Serum cholesterol reduction and changes in cholesterol metabolism were studied during rapeseed oil feeding without and with increasing amounts of sitostanol trans-esterified with rapeseed oil fatty acids and dissolved in rapeseed oil mayonnaise. Fifteen mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects replaced 50 g of their usual dietary fat by 50 g of rapeseed oil fat mayonnaise for 6 weeks followed by randomization so that eight subjects continued on rapeseed oil mayonnaise alone (control group) for 15 weeks and seven on rapeseed oil mayonnaise with a small dose of sitostanol ester (800 mg/day of sitostanol) for 9 weeks followed by 6 weeks with higher dose of sitostanol ester (2000 mg/day of sitostanol). 2. During the rapeseed oil period the reduction in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 14% from the home diet. The control-adjusted reduction by the low sitostanol ester dose was 7.4% (not significant) and by the higher dose it was 15.7%. 3. The low dose of sitostanol ester had no consistent effect on cholesterol precursors or cholestanol in serum, reduced serum levels of campesterol and sitosterol by 28.2% and 23.6%, respectively, and reduced cholesterol absorption efficiency significantly from 28.7% to 23.4%. In accordance, faecal excretion of neutral and particularly endogenous neutral sterols increased (16.7% and 19.7%, respectively), but faecal cholesterol elimination and cholesterol synthesis were only insignificantly increased. 4. During the high dose of sitostanol ester the high-density lipoprotein-to low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Vanhanen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kajander
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lehtovirta
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Miettinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001937:Brassica; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004951:Esterification; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D012855:Sitosterols; D002784:Cholesterol; C021255:stigmastanol