title: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with a polymerase-chain-reaction test on amniotic fluid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital infection with Toxoplasma gondii can produce serious sequelae. However, there is little consensus about screening during pregnancy, and the tests used to establish a prenatal diagnosis of toxoplasmosis are complex and slow. We evaluated a simpler approach that is based on a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prenatal diagnostic tests, including ultrasonography, amniocentesis, and fetal-blood sampling, were performed in 2632 women with T. gondii infection acquired during pregnancy. In 339 consecutive women, a competitive PCR test for T. gondii was performed on amniotic fluid, and its results were compared with those of conventional diagnostic tests. The PCR test targets the B1 gene of T. gondii, uses an internal control, and can be completed in a day. Positive tests were confirmed by serologic testing of newborns or by autopsy in terminated pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the risk of fetal infection was 7.4 percent, but it increased sharply with gestational age. Congenital infection was demonstrated in 34 of 339 fetuses by conventional methods, and the PCR test was positive in all 34. In three other fetuses, only the PCR test gave positive results, and follow-up testing confirmed the presence of congenital toxoplasmosis. The PCR test gave one false negative result but no false positive results. The PCR test performed better than conventional parasitologic methods (sensitivity, 97.4 vs. 89.5 percent; negative predictive value, 99.7 vs. 98.7 percent).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the prenatal diagnosis of congenital T. gondii infection, an approach based on a PCR test performed on amniotic fluid is rapid, safe, and accurate.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine et de Biologie Foetales, Institut de Puériculture de Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hohlfeld
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daffos
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thulliez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forestier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vidaud
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000469:parasitology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan