title: Comparison of the therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics of HI-6, HLö-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 and obidoxime following non-reactivatable acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats.
abstract: The oximes HI-6, HLö-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 and obidoxime were used in a previously developed rat model to evaluate the therapeutic effects of oximes other than acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivation (so-called "non-reactivating effects"). To test this anaesthetized, atropinized and artificially ventilated rats (n = 8 or 16) were poisoned with a three times LD50 dose of the potent AChE-inhibitor crotylsarin (CRS, i.v.). CRS-inhibited rat AChE dealkylates instantaneously, thereby excluding AChE reactivation by the oximes. Five minutes after poisoning the rats were treated (i.v.) with an oxime or saline and 10 min later artificial ventilation was terminated. Survival times were determined. Saline-treated animals died within 15 min. In comparison, treatment with HI-6, HLö-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 or obidoxime resulted in a significant prolongation of survival time. In the groups treated with HLö-7, HI-6 or HGG-12, 12-37% of the animals survived more than 24 h. It was investigated whether differences in therapeutic effectiveness are caused by differences in pharmacokinetics of the oximes. The plasma half-lives of HI-6, HLö-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 and obidoxime amounted to 67, 63, 27, 55 and 179 min, respectively. At doses of 75 or 150 mumol/kg, all oximes could be detected in brain and medulla oblongata in similar amounts (6-10 nmol/g tissue). In vitro, all oximes were effective in restoring failure of neuromuscular transmission (NMT) caused by CRS, albeit with varying potency. All oximes bound with affinities in the micromolar range to rat brain muscarinic receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: TNO Medical Biological Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: van Helden
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van der Wiel
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Melchers
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Busker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D009768:Obidoxime Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D010091:Oximes; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011813:Quinuclidinyl Benzilate / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012524:Sarin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D010091:Oximes; D011725:Pyridines; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; C058577:HLo 7; C071511:crotylsarin; D009768:Obidoxime Chloride; C020166:HGG 42; D011813:Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; C020165:HGG 12; D012524:Sarin; C022870:asoxime chloride