title: Diet, indicators of kidney disease, and later mortality among older persons in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether diet adversely affected survival among 2572 older persons with indicators of kidney disease in a population-based cohort. Average follow-up time for survivors, of whom 1453 (57%) had died at analysis, was 14.5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kidney disease indicators were a "yes" response to "Has a doctor ever told you that you have kidney disease or renal stones?" and/or trace or greater amounts of protein in urine. Dietary protein intakes were calculated from 24-hour recalls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cox proportional hazards models were used, stratified by sex, with age, body mass index, blood pressure, education, smoking status, total caloric intake, and diabetes mellitus as covariates. Relative risk of total mortality with an additional 15 g of protein per day was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09, 1.42) among White men with kidney disease indicators, vs 1.00 (95% CI = 0.95, 1.06) among those without them; relative risks of renal-related mortality were 1.32 (95% CI = 0.97, 1.79) and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.81, 1.11), respectively. No significant differences were found for White women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once chronic renal disease is present, diet may be associated with earlier mortality in White males.
authors.affiliation: Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Mass.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Madans
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cornoni-Huntley
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dresser
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Perrone
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins