title: Prevention of corneal allograft rejection in rats treated with subconjunctival injections of liposomes containing dichloromethylene diphosphonate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The drug dichloromethylene diphosphonate (CL2MDP) encapsulated in liposomes depletes macrophages but not other immunocompetent cells. The authors investigated whether subconjunctival injection of CL2MDP containing liposomes (CL2MDP-LIP) could prolong survival of corneal allografts in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Fisher rats received orthotopic corneal grafts of Dark Agouti origin. Rats were treated postoperatively with subconjunctival injections of 0.1 ml CL2MDP-LIP at the time of transplantation and on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 after transplantation. Control groups received either liposomes containing phosphate-buffered saline subconjunctivally at the same time points or no additional treatment. Corneal grafts were evaluated every other day and were scored for neovascularization, opacity, and edema. Immunohistologic evaluation was performed 12 and 19 days after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Corneal grafts in both control groups were rejected within 17 days. In the Cl2MDP-LIP treated rats, grafts were not rejected during the maximum follow-up of 100 days. Cellular infiltration in these grafts was clearly reduced. There was also a strong reduction in neovascularization of the cornea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rejection of orthotopic allogeneic corneal grafts could be prevented by repeated subconjunctival injection of Cl2MDP-LIP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmo-Immunology, The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van der Veen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Broersma
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Rooijen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Rij
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van der Gaag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003228:Conjunctiva; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016039:Corneal Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007267:Injections; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D004002:Clodronic Acid