title: Right common carotid artery reconstruction after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: vascular imaging, cerebral circulation, electroencephalographic, and neurodevelopmental correlates to recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Right common carotid artery (RCCA) ligation after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation by venoarterial bypass may contribute to lateralized cerebral injury. Reconstruction of this artery after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has proved feasible but has not been evaluated for neurologic outcome in any substantial series of infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated RCCA reconstruction in 47 infants treated with ECMO and compared their cerebrovascular and neuroanatomic imaging findings, electroencephalograms, and developmental outcomes with those of 93 infants who had no reconstruction. SUMMARY RESULTS: Color Doppler blood flow imaging revealed that carotid artery patency was usually obtained after RCCA reconstruction. Right internal carotid and bilateral anterior and middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocities were generally higher, and were more symmetrically distributed in infants with reconstructed RCCA. Electroencephalography did not disclose an increased risk of deterioration or marked abnormalities in infants after reconstruction, nor were neuroimaging findings consistent with an increased number of either focal or generalized abnormalities. Neurodevelopmental follow-up revealed no differences in the incidence of delays between those with a reconstructed RCCA and those with a ligated RCCA during the first year of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstruction of the RCCA after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may facilitate normal distribution of cerebral blood flow through the circle of Willis, and may augment both left and right middle cerebral artery blood flow immediately after decannulation. The long-term consequences of either ligation or reconstruction of the RCCA will require careful scrutiny, however, before either course is recommended routinely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (Divisions of Neonatology, Neurology and Child Development), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baumgart
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Streletz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Needleman
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Merton
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wolfson
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Spitzer
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Graziani
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002657:Child Development; D004453:Echoencephalography; D004569:Electroencephalography; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed