title: The effect of hypertonicity on force generation in tetanized single fibres from frog skeletal muscle.
abstract: 1. We compared the tension transient that follows a step change in sarcomere length in normal Ringer solution with that in Ringer solution made hypertonic by the addition of 98 mM sucrose. Steps were applied on tetanized single muscle fibres during either the isometric plateau or the steady force response to lengthening at low speed. Sarcomere length was controlled on selected fibre segments by a striation follower. Analysis is limited to phase 1 (the tension change simultaneous with the length step, mainly due to cross-bridge elasticity) and phase 2 (the quick phase of tension recovery, a manifestation of the cross-bridge elementary force-generating process). 2. At the isometric tetanus plateau the steady force is reduced by 19% in hypertonic solution, and the stiffness is slightly increased. During slow lengthening both steady force and stiffness are similar in normal solution and in hypertonic solution. In hypertonic solution the tension-to-stiffness ratio, a measure of the mean cross-bridge extension before the step, is markedly reduced in isometric conditions (-23%), but not during lengthening (-2%). 3. The plots of instantaneous tension versus the length change during the step show that in hypertonic medium the elasticity of the fibre is almost undamped. Thus the increase in stiffness cannot be attributed to an increase in viscosity. 4. In isometric conditions (T2-T1)/(Ti-T1), the proportion of the initial tension drop recovered at the end of phase 2, is not affected by hypertonicity for releases of moderate and large size (> 2 nm) and is reduced for small releases (< 2 nm) and for stretches. The abscissa intercept of the relation (T2-T1)/(Ti-T1) versus step amplitude is the same in both media. During lengthening, for releases of small and moderate size, (T2-T1)/(Ti-T1) is 20% lower in hypertonic solution. For large releases the slope of the relation is lower so that the abscissa intercept is not changed. 5. The speed of quick tension recovery following a step length change imposed in isometric conditions is slightly depressed in hypertonic solution. The relation between speed of recovery and step amplitude maintains its shape and is shifted downwards. During lengthening, the speed of quick tension recovery in hypertonic solution is less dependent on step amplitude than in normal solution, as if a more linear viscoelasticity is responsible for a large fraction of residual recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piazzesi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linari
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lombardi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004548:Elasticity; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008954:Models, Biological; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011893:Rana esculenta; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D006982:Hypertonic Solutions