title: The Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) story: review of community oncologists' experiences with clinical research trials in cancer with an emphasis on the CCOP of the National Cancer Institute between 1982 and 1987.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the growth of community physicians' involvement in National Cancer Institute (NCI) clinical research trials as a significant contribution to cancer control, and to show their impact, not yet fully realized, on cancer morbidity and mortality in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Background information, based on the personal experience of participants, as well as a review of pertinent literature, portrays the evolution of the clinical research component of community oncology in the United States over the last 25 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from Community Clinical Oncology Programs (CCOPs) I and II have been used to outline some of the results of this far-reaching program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CCOP was introduced at an appropriate time to expand the clinical trial resources of the NCI, while at the same time helping community oncologists practice state-of-the-art cancer management found in the research protocols. This in turn provided improved resources to manage cancer patients, as most of them are treated in their own communities. CCOPs have also indirectly had a positive impact on the trial processes of the NCI cooperative groups and comprehensive cancer centers, and have helped to widen the scope and hasten progress in cancer-control research and practice.
authors.affiliation: Community Clinical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Frelick
mesh_terms: D002173:Cancer Care Facilities / Q000266:history / Q000458:organization & administration; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000266:history* / Q000458:organization & administration; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.) / Q000266:history*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012106:Research; D014481:United States