title: Premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia: implications for psychosocial and ventricular pathology.
abstract: Premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia is thought important (1) as a predictor of current pathology and course, and (2) as a psychosocial expression of brain pathology preceding psychosis. Its valid and reliable measurement, however, pose a major challenge. To address this issue we interviewed 12 chronic male schizophrenic veterans and their first degree relatives, plus 12 age and social class of origin matched normal controls and their relatives, using the Cannon-Spoor et al. Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS), for which we developed our own semi-structured interview. Objective data from school records were also obtained. Schizophrenic's PAS scores were significantly poorer, irrespective of whether PAS scores were based on information from subjects, first degree relatives or from 'combined sources'. PAS scores were worse at all developmental epochs, with a marked divergence beginning in late adolescence. Worse premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia was also highly correlated with current clinical state, more current negative symptoms, less independent living and longer duration of hospitalization. Additionally, worse premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia was associated with larger Magnetic Resonance (MR) Ventricular Brain Ratio (VBR) in an exploratory analysis using a subset of these patients. Premorbid adjustment, rigorously measured, is poorer in schizophrenics than in normal controls and correlates with psychosocial and ventricular pathology in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA 02401.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shenton
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: McCarley
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Faux
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ludwig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology