title: The silent health care crisis: ethical reflections of health care for deaf and hard-of-hearing persons.
abstract: Although hearing loss is the second most common disability in this country, comparatively little attention has been directed toward this medical entity. In view of the known poor health status and high health care utilization patterns of deaf and hard-of-hearing (D&HH) persons, this paper analyzes this population's ethical claims to autonomy, beneficence, and justice. Available evidence indicates that the American health care system inadequately acknowledges and fulfills the bioethical claims of the D&HH population. Specific modifications of the medical education and health care system should remedy these shortcomings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zazove
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Doukas
mesh_terms: D026686:Beneficence; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002202:Capital Financing / Q000458:organization & administration; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000592:standards; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007389:Internal-External Control; D010358:Patient Participation; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D040841:Resource Allocation; D012935:Social Justice