title: Inhibition of DNA topoisomerases I and II and induction of apoptosis by erbstatin and tyrphostin derivatives.
abstract: Inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and DNA topoisomerases are potential antitumour agents. Drugs which bind to the ATP site of PTK, such as genistein, are common inhibitors to both types of enzymes. Eleven erbstatin and tyrphostin derivatives, which inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor PTK activity by competing with both the peptide substrate and ATP were tested for their capacity to inhibit DNA topoisomerases I and II. Erbstatin, two synthetic derivatives with a modified side chain and the tyrphostin AG 786 inhibited both topoisomerases in the same range of concentrations (20-50 microM). The tyrphostin AG 213 inhibited only topoisomerase II. In this series, absence of PTK inhibitory effect was correlated with the absence of DNA topoisomerase inhibition, while the detection of PTK inhibition may or may not be associated with DNA topoisomerase inhibition. In contrast to genistein, none of these molecules induced the stabilization of the topoisomerase-DNA cleavable complex, either in vitro or in vivo. Alcaline elution analysis revealed that erbstatin did not induce the formation of protein associated DNA strand breaks. However, an extensive degradation of the cellular DNA was observed which was shown to result from an internucleosomal fragmentation. Furthermore, typical morphological modifications associated with apoptosis were observed in the erbstatin treated cells by electron microscopy. These data indicate that erbstatin induces an apoptotic cell death.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Biochimie-Enzymologie (URA 147 CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Markovits
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ségal-Bendirdjian
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fossé
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Saucier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gazit
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levitzki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umezawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacquemin-Sablon
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001665:Binding Sites; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D019833:Genistein; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D020032:Tyrphostins
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D006873:Hydroquinones; D007529:Isoflavones; D009570:Nitriles; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D020032:Tyrphostins; C060152:tyrphostin 47; D019833:Genistein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C048212:erbstatin