title: Discordant iliac and femoral artery flow velocity waveforms in fetuses with single umbilical artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate pelvic and femoral arterial flow velocity waveforms in fetuses with a single umbilical artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven fetuses with single umbilical artery and no other ultrasonographically detected anomalies were studied with color Doppler ultrasonography at a median gestational age of 24 weeks (range 18 to 34 weeks). Flow velocity waveforms from the relevant vessels were obtained as follows: (1) umbilical artery from a free loop of cord, (2) common iliac artery from both sides just below the aortic bifurcation, (3) internal iliac artery and intraabdominal portion of the umbilical artery from the vessel visualized alongside the fetal bladder, and (4) femoral artery on both sides from the upper third of the fetal thigh. The pulsatility index was measured, and comparisons were made with the paired t test. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pulsatility index in the umbilical artery was normal in all cases. There were highly significant differences between the common iliac arteries in each side (difference in pulsatility index 2.7, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 3.5, p < 0.001). Significant differences between both femoral arteries were also noted (difference in pulsatility index 1.0, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 1.7, p < 0.001). In both vessels the pulsatility index was always higher in the side that did not participate in the placental circuit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that fetuses with single umbilical artery have asymmetric arterial blood flow patterns in the pelvic and lower extremities.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fetal Care, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sepulveda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Flack
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Fisk
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities*