title: Limitations of angiography for analyzing coronary atherosclerosis progression or regression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the utility and limitations of serial coronary angiography for determining atherosclerosis progression and regression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature (1966 to January 1994) using the keywords atherosclerosis regression, atherosclerosis progression, lipid reduction therapy, and coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selected articles on the effects of cholesterol reduction and lifestyle modification on angiographic coronary artery disease, on the animal models of atherosclerosis progression and regression, and on the limitations of coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Independent extraction by two authors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although several studies have reported that the rate of atherosclerosis progression, defined by serial coronary angiography, can be reduced and that luminal diameter can be improved somewhat by aggressive lipid modification, the reported changes are small (0.3 mm or 10% change) and have required a prolonged study duration (range, 1 to 10 years). More importantly, angiography simply does not measure atherosclerosis and cannot assess lesion composition. Angiography also underestimates the extent of atherosclerosis, especially in angiographically normal segments. In addition, difficulties with data acquisition, such as substantial variabilities in serial measurements of percent diameter stenosis and minimal luminal diameters, require large sample sizes to show statistically significant regression, even with computerized quantification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given its current limitations, serial coronary angiography is not a satisfactory means of detecting atherosclerosis progression or regression.
authors.affiliation: Washington Hospital Center, DC.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Popma
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pichard
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Satler
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Leon
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary