title: Comparative study on the effect of low-dose vitamin E and probucol on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.
abstract: The diet of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits was supplemented with a low dose (0.025% [wt/wt]) of the antioxidant vitamin E or probucol. The effect of 6 months of treatment on the susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) to oxidative modification and on established atherosclerotic lesions was studied. Vitamin E administration had no effect on plasma lipid levels; probucol supplementation decreased plasma total cholesterol. Vitamin E levels in plasma and LDL increased threefold in the course of treatment with this antioxidant. Six months of treatment with vitamin E and probucol increased the lag time of conjugated-diene formation of LDL subjected to in vitro oxidation by 54% (P < .001) and 51% (P = .019), respectively. In this LDL-oxidizability assay, only vitamin E reduced the maximal rate of conjugated-diene production (-24%, P < .001). Neither vitamin E treatment nor probucol therapy reduced the amount of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in plasma. Vitamin E treatment reduced the specific LDL apolipoprotein B-100 fluorescence (-10%, P = .035) compared with controls. Probucol was without effect on this index of in vivo LDL oxidation. At the end of the 6-month study, the mean +/- SD percentage area of aorta covered with plaques was 58.7 +/- 10.1% in control animals, 62.7 +/- 12.0% in the probucol-treated animals, and 48.9 +/- 13.8% in the animals treated with vitamin E; these differences were not significant. This study demonstrates that at this low dosage, vitamin E is a more effective antioxidant than probucol.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kleinveld
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Demacker
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Stalenhoef
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000378:metabolism*; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011341:Probucol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014810:Vitamin E; D011341:Probucol