title: Physical effort-induced changes in immune parameters.
abstract: Physical stress induces changes in immune system parameters; these changes depend on effort schedule and are influenced by customary training. The mechanisms whereby they take place are not fully elucidated: sympathetic activation-mediated mobilization of cells of lymphoid organs, including the spleen, has been suggested. We studied exercise-induced changes (20' of cycloergometer test conducted up to 80% of maximal expected heart rate) in white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte subsets, plasma catecholamine and cortisol levels in three groups of subjects: swimmers, untrained controls and splenectomized individuals. Physical exercise induced increase of WBC and significant changes in the percentage of most investigated lymphocyte subsets (NK, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4/CD8 ratio), except for DR+ cells. No changes occurred in the percentage of CD14+ cells. Norepinephrine (NE) levels increased after effort, while epinephrine (E) and cortisol levels were unchanged. Splenectomized patients displayed similar effort-induced changes in investigated parameters as controls and swimmers. The results support the interactions between physical work and immune response and minimize the role of the spleen in this context.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grazzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmaggi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ariano
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Colangelo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzaroni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nespolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bordin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castellazzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007109:Immunity; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008297:Male; D013154:Spleen / Q000601:surgery; D013156:Splenectomy; D014937:Work
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D002395:Catecholamines; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D006854:Hydrocortisone