Current status of endoscopic surgical management of tubal pregnancy.
A worldwide increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy has been reported in the last two decades. Recently developed diagnostic tools markedly improved the early diagnosis capability. These include: 1, rapid and sensitive beta hCG and progesterone assays; 2, improved ultrasonographic visualization of the pelvic organs; 3, the wide application of diagnostic laparoscopy. Today, most cases are diagnosed before a rupture occurs. Accordingly, treatment has shifted from an immediate, life-saving intervention to conservative methods of management, directed at preserving fertility and reducing morbidity. Endoscopic surgical techniques have also rapidly improved in the last decade, thus, this treatment option apparently became the treatment of choice in most centers. Laparoscopic conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy is as effective and safe as treatment with laparotomy and has the advantage of decrease in hospital stay, cost, and delay in return to normal activity. This review will focus on the endoscopic surgical procedures and their place in view of the other surgical and non-surgical options.
Brzezinski
A
A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebrew University, Haddssah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Schenker
J G
JG
D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011274:Pregnancy, Tubal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011374:Progesterone