title: Evaluation of four new carbocyanine dyes for photodynamic therapy with lasers.
abstract: The search for improved photosensitizers for laser phototherapy of malignancies has led to the examination of a new group of carbocyanine dyes as effective fluorochromes. In this study, four carbocyanine dyes with different absorption maxima of 483 nm [DiOC6(3)], 545.5 nm (DiIC5(3)], 556.6 nm [DiSC5(3)], and 651.0 nm [DiSC3(5)] were tested in vitro. The kinetics of uptake and toxicity of these four dyes were assessed for P3 human squamous cell carcinoma, HT29 colon carcinoma, M26 melanoma, and TE671 fibrosarcoma cell lines at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 180 minutes after exposure with each dye. After sensitization with DiOC6(3), the P3 and M26 cell lines were also tested for phototherapy by treatment with 488-nm light from an argon laser. The results showed that these four carbocyanine dyes had rapid and significant uptake by the carcinoma cell lines with no toxicity at concentrations < 0.1 micrograms/mL. Nontoxic DiOC6(3) levels in sensitized tumor cells after laser phototherapy resulted in approximately 85% inhibition of P3 and approximately 95% inhibition of M26 cell lines by MTT assays. The results suggest that these carbocyanine dyes can be used for tumor photosensitization and wavelength-matched laser photodynamic therapy. Further in vivo studies will be necessary to define the clinical potential of carbocyanine dyes as tumor-targeting agents for phototherapy of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine 90024.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lipshutz
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Saxton
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Haugland
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soudant
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D001128:Argon; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002232:Carbocyanines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C088732:dipentyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine; C088733:3,3'-dipentylthiacarbocyanine; C012944:3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine; C007392:3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine; D001128:Argon