title: MR temperature mapping of focused ultrasound surgery.
abstract: Deep lying soft tissue tumors may be treated by a nonincisional surgical procedure executed inside an MR imaging system using a thermal effect delivered by a focused ultrasound transducer. A prototype system is constructed to assess MRI thermal monitoring and the localization of the heat zone in muscle. The temperature distribution of the focal spot is imaged with MRI while mechanically moving the transducer with an hydraulic 3-axis positioner. Acoustic power is applied with a spherical shell transducer using 1- to 10-s duration pulses at frequencies of 1.5 MHz to selectively coagulate tissue at 60-70 degrees C. The procedure is monitored with a series of fast second gradient echo, T1-weighted, temperature sensitive MR sequences. Acquisitions are optimized for high temperature sensitive images that yield the thermal diffusivity, heat flow time constant and the focal spot size in muscle. MR temperature maps of muscle provide localization and dosimetry both in the focal region and near field.
authors.affiliation: GE Corporate Research and Development, Schenectady, New York.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Cline
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hynynen
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schenck
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Jolesz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle; D005782:Gels; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008961:Models, Structural; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013814:Thermal Conductivity; D013821:Thermometers; D013997:Time Factors; D014159:Transducers; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005782:Gels