title: Applying futility: saying no is not enough.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Biomedical Ethics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Youngner
mesh_terms: D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D028681:Moral Obligations; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D035502:Trust; D035501:Uncertainty; D014481:United States; D028761:Withholding Treatment