title: Internal/external locus of control, self-esteem, and parental verbal interaction of at-risk black male adolescents.
abstract: We investigated the relationship between three factors--internal/external locus of control, self-esteem, and parental verbal interaction--for at-risk Black male adolescents in the United States. Forty-two male students in Grades 6, 7, and 8 who had been identified by their teachers as being at risk completed the Locus of Control Scale for Children (Nowicki & Strickland, 1973), the Self-Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1967), and the Verbal Interaction Questionnaire (Blake, 1991). A moderate positive relationship found between self-esteem and parental verbal interaction was consistent with a previous finding for White high school students. A moderate negative relationship found between locus of control and self-esteem differed from a previous finding of no significant relationship for Black elementary children. A weak, yet significant, negative relationship was found between locus of control and parental verbal interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Administration and Secondary Education, Arkansas State University.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Enger
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Howerton
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cobbs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States