title: Stimulation of oxidant generation by human sperm suspensions using phorbol esters and formyl peptides: relationships with motility and fertilization in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of reactive oxygen species generated by human spermatozoa and contaminating leukocytes on sperm movement and fertilization in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  A chemiluminescence technique, using luminol and peroxidase, was used to monitor the generation of reactive oxygen species by human sperm suspensions and the results were correlated with sperm movement and the fertilization of human ova in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic Andrology Laboratory and IVF Clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infertile couples undergoing IVF therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) provocation test was used to demonstrate that the presence of leukocytes in 28.5% of the sperm preparations was associated with elevated levels of spontaneous reactive oxygen species production, impaired movement, and a reduced capacity for fertilization in vitro. In the absence of leukocytes, exposure to phorbol ester stimulated a burst of reactive oxygen species generation by human spermatozoa, the magnitude of which was correlated highly with a loss of sperm motility but not with fertilization rates observed in the concurrent IVF cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leukocyte contamination of human sperm preparations can be detected readily by FMLP-induced, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and the results have an important bearing on the fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Universita di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krausz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Aitken
mesh_terms: D005306:Fertilization; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008165:Luminol; D008297:Male; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D008165:Luminol; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate