title: Efficacy comparison of scopolamine and diazepam against soman-induced debilitation in guinea pigs.
abstract: The efficacy of diazepam (DZ) and scopolamine (SCP), in combination with atropine (ATR)+oxime therapy, against soman-induced seizure/convulsive activity and associated brain damage has been demonstrated, but the efficacy of each against the incapacitating effects of soman has not been addressed. Thus, the therapeutic efficacies of SCP (5 doses; 0-0.86 mg/kg) and DZ (5 doses; 0-5 mg/kg), when each was used in conjunction with ATR (3 doses; 0.5-8 mg/kg) + 2-PAM (25 mg/kg) therapy, were compared in groups of pyridostigmine pretreated guinea pigs exposed to 1.6, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.2 LD50s of soman. Response surface methodology was employed to describe the relationship between soman-induced incapacitation and the ATR/DZ or ATR/SCP dosages. Incapacitation was measured by toxicity scores assigned by three graders to test animals at 60 min postsoman. Results show that as the dosage of SCP increased, the mean toxicity scores decreased. Also, within the indicated dose ranges used, the efficacy of SCP was not dependent on the presence of ATR. In contrast, ATR alone was found to be more effective than when combined with DZ at any dose, and indicates that DZ might be temporarily contributing to soman-induced incapacitation. These findings suggest that in guinea pigs, SCP could replace ATR or DZ, or both, as therapy against soman-induced incapacitation.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5425.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gennings
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lennox
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bowersox
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Solana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D012999:Soman / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D012999:Soman; D012601:Scopolamine; D003975:Diazepam