title: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery using a newly designed multifunctional bipolar cutting and monopolar coagulating instrument.
abstract: In order to save time for changing instruments and minimize thermal damage in underlying tissue caused by monopolar high frequency in transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), we have developed a new electrosurgical instrument, in which four functions are integrated: bipolar cutting, monopolar coagulation, suction and irrigation. The new device and the conventional monopolar knife were tested during both in vitro and in vivo experiments to compare the thermal alterations and effects on operating time. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the extent of thermal alterations created by bipolar cutting was less than in the case of monopolar cutting in the fresh porcine liver and bovine rectum. The mean severity scores for carbonization, coagulation and vacuolization in the resected mucosae obtained during in vivo animal operations by the bipolar procedure were 2.09, 2.27 and 1.36, respectively, whereas those obtained using the monopolar technique were 2.64, 2.82 and 2.36, respectively. The new device required an average operation time of 673.5 seconds, whereas the conventional setup required 701.9 seconds to resect the same diameter of rectal mucosa. Reduced operation time with the new device was mainly attributable to the reduced time needed for changing the instruments for hemostasis. The decreased thermal damage to the underlying bowel wall produced by the bipolar procedure should reduce the incidence of such operative complications in TEM (Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery, developed in 1983 by Buess, Theis and Hutterer) as perforation, dehiscence in the suture line or post-polypectomy coagulation syndrome. By quickly switching between the multiple functions of this new device a clear operative field can always be achieved, thus decreasing operation time and bleeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kanehira
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raestrup
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Schurr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wehrmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manncke
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Buess
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004598:Electrosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020700:Proctoscopes; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D012756:Sheep; D013396:Suction / Q000295:instrumentation; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation; D014945:Wound Healing