title: Clinical features of patients with pain stemming from the lumbar zygapophysial joints. Is the lumbar facet syndrome a clinical entity?
abstract: METHODS
  This study is a prospective cross-sectional analytic study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors determined the prevalence and clinical features of patients with pain stemming from the lumbar zygapophysial joints.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated a wide range of prevalence for zygapophysial joint pain and conflicting results with regard to clinical signs.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-six consecutive patients with chronic low back pain were investigated with a series of screening zygapophysial joint blocks using lignocaine and confirmatory blocks using bupivacaine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven percent of patients had a definite or greater response to the screening injection at one or more levels but only 15% had a 50% or greater response to a confirmatory block. Response to zygapophysial joint injection was not associated with any single clinical feature or set of clinical features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The zygapophysial joint is an important source of pain but the existence of a "facet syndrome" must be questioned.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Australia.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Schwarzer
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Aprill
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Derby
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fortin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kine
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bogduk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002045:Bupivacaine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D008012:Lidocaine; D016015:Logistic Models; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block; D010808:Physical Examination; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine