title: Three-dimensional triple-quantum-filtered imaging of 0.012 and 0.024 M sodium-23 using short repetition times.
abstract: The gradient-selected triple-quantum-filtered (GS3Q) experiment, developed to improve the contrast in NMR imaging of sodium-23 (23Na) in the human brain, is limited by low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We have analyzed the GS3Q experiment and show here that the improvement in GS3Q-filtered 23Na SNR as the repetition time (TR) decreases is accompanied by the appearance of spurious one-quantum (1Q) 23Na signals. An improved filter with better suppression of spurious 1Q 23Na signals is obtained by adding a preparatory crusher gradient and two-step phase cycling to a conventional GS3Q filter. The relative contributions of 3Q coherence and spurious 1Q coherences to the conventional and modified-GS3Q-filtered signals are calculated, providing a measure of the effectiveness of each GS3Q filter. The filters were implemented on a 2.35 T medium-bore spectrometer and their predicted properties verified. SNR measurements from GS3Q-filtered three-dimensional images of an agarose gel phantom indicate that 0.012 M 23Na images in the human brain can be acquired with 8 cm3 voxels and SNR of 10 in 30 minutes at 2.35 T, assuming similar relaxation times.
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional Imaging, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Keltner
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Roos
mesh_terms: D001923:Brain Chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008961:Models, Structural; D012975:Sodium Isotopes
chemical_list: D012975:Sodium Isotopes