title: A randomized trial comparing preoperative chemotherapy plus surgery with surgery alone in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of surgery for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer is limited, although recent studies suggest that preoperative chemotherapy may improve survival. We conducted a randomized trial to examine the possible benefit of preoperative chemotherapy and surgery for the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 60 patients (59 men and 1 woman) with stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either surgery alone or three courses of chemotherapy (6 mg of mitomycin per square meter of body-surface area, 3 g of ifosfamide per square meter, and 50 mg of cisplatin per square meter) given intravenously at three-week intervals and followed by surgery. All patients received mediastinal radiation after surgery. The resected tumors were evaluated by means of K-ras oncogene analysis and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median period of survival was 26 months in the patients treated with chemotherapy plus surgery, as compared with 8 months in the patients treated with surgery alone (P < 0.001); the median period of disease-free survival was 20 months in the former group, as compared with 5 months in the latter (P < 0.001). The rate of recurrence was 56 percent in the group treated with chemotherapy plus surgery and 74 percent in the group treated with surgery alone. The prevalence of mutated K-ras oncogenes was 15 percent among the patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy and 42 percent among those treated with surgery alone (P = 0.05). Most of the patients treated with chemotherapy plus surgery had tumors that consisted of diploid cells, whereas the patients treated with surgery alone had tumors with aneuploid cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative chemotherapy increases the median survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University of Barcelona, Hospital de Badalona Germans Trias i Pujol, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-Codina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camps
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maestre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padille
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantó
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mate
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olazábal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017354:Point Mutation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm