title: Heterogeneous microvascular coronary vasodilation by adenosine and nitroglycerin in dogs.
abstract: We investigated the effects of adenosine and nitroglycerin (NTG) on coronary microvessel diameters (intravital fluorescence microscopy) and coronary perfusion (radioactive microspheres). Measurements were performed during baseline conditions (intravenous piritramid) and during controlled hypotension (mean arterial pressure approximately 60 mmHg) induced by halothane, adenosine, and NTG. Coronary vascular resistance (CVR) remained unchanged during halothane (-7%) but decreased during adenosine (-76%) and NTG (-29%). Coronary arteriolar diameters increased during all experimental steps. In the smallest vessels (20-40 microns), diameters increased by 14, 43, and 42% during halothane-, adenosine-, and NTG-induced hypotension, respectively. Diameter increases were less pronounced in larger vessels. The uniform action of adenosine and NTG in 20- to 500-microns arterial vessels is in contrast to the pronounced differences in reduction of CVR. Preferential dilation of arterioles < 20 microns or recruitment of coronary microvessels by adenosine might account for the more pronounced decrease of CVR during adenosine. Intracoronary application of adenosine (0.8 mg.kg-1.h-1) and NTG (1, 5, and 25 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) equally caused near-maximum dilation of coronary arterioles > 100 microns. However, NTG dilation of arterioles < 100 microns was dose dependent and exceeded large-vessel dilation only with the highest concentration of NTG.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Surgical Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Habazettl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vollmar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baier
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Conzen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peter
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000241:Adenosine