title: The phytochrome apoprotein family in Arabidopsis is encoded by five genes: the sequences and expression of PHYD and PHYE.
abstract: Two novel Arabidopsis phytochrome genes, PHYD and PHYE, are described and evidence is presented that, together with the previously described PHYA, PHYB and PHYC genes, the primary structures of the complete phytochrome family of this plant are now known. The PHYD- and PHYE-encoded proteins are of similar size to the other phytochrome apoproteins and show sequence similarity along their entire lengths. Hence, red/far-red light sensing in higher plants is mediated by a diverse but structurally conserved group of soluble photoreceptors. The proteins encoded by the PHYD and PHYE genes are more closely related to phytochrome B than to phytochromes A or C, indicating that the evolution of the PHY gene family in Arabidopsis includes an expansion of a PHYB-related subgroup. The PHYB and PHYD phytochromes show greater than 80% amino acid sequence identity but the phenotypes of phyB null mutants demonstrate that these receptor forms are not functionally redundant. The five PHY mRNAs are, in general, expressed constitutively under varying light conditions, in different plant organs, and over the life cycle of the plant. These observations provide the first description of the structure and expression of a complete phytochrome family in a higher plant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clack
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sharrock
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001059:Apoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017931:DNA Primers; D015723:Gene Library; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001059:Apoproteins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; C088753:PHYE protein, Arabidopsis; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D010834:Phytochrome; C088754:PHYD protein, Arabidopsis