title: Grading of transitional cell bladder carcinoma by texture analysis of histological sections.
abstract: Conventional subjective visual grading of malignancy in bladder carcinoma suffers from poor standardization. In an attempt to improve this by image analysis we carried out a texture analysis of a total of 197 images from Feulgen-stained histological tissue sections. The textural features used were based on the spatial gray-tone co-occurrence probability matrices for step-lengths 3, 4 and 6 pixels. These features were compared to the subjective grading by multivariate statistical methods. Using a two-stage hierarchical classifier 84.3% agreement was obtained between the subjective and computer-based classification. This was verified through the jackknifed classification technique.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Image Analysis, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vasko
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jarkrans
authors.forename: P U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Malmström
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wester
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Busch
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*