title: Control of microwave heating of peritoneal dialysis solutions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if microwave heating of dialysis solutions to 37 degrees C produced focal overheating (hot spots) and caramelization of dextrose.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro determination of conditions for controlling time, temperature, and procedures. Bags had been stored at ambient room temperature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Solution and external bag surface temperature determinations. Dextrose degradation products determined spectrophotometrically. Microscopy for potential caramel precipitates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A microwave oven with no rotation tray produced uneven heating of bags of two commercially available concentrations of dialysis solutions. The greatest hot spots were evident in spike ports. External bag surface temperatures were within 0.20 degrees C of reservoir temperatures. Initial solution temperatures correlated with temperatures of the solutions after microwave heating (r = 0.895). No statistically significant differences were found between dextrose degradation product concentrations of unheated and heated solutions, including hot spots. No precipitates were observed microscopically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the presence of solution hot spots in bag infusion ports, 37 degrees C temperatures were achievable in the bag reservoirs with no evidence of increased glucose degradation. This outcome is assured if the initial temperature and the microwave conditions (procedure, time, mixing of solution) are held constant, and the external bag temperatures are measured after heating.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Deutschendorf
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Wenk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lustgarten
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000451:nursing*
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D005947:Glucose