title: Surgical flaps in the chest: anatomic considerations, applications, and radiologic appearance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of use of surgical flaps--tissue that is transposed from its normal location to promote healing and prevent complications--in noncardiac thoracic surgery and to demonstrate the typical radiologic appearances of such flaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surgical records of 200 patients who underwent thoracotomy or median sternotomy for noncardiac thoracic surgery were reviewed. Postoperative radiologic studies of randomly selected cases were also reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 213 surgical flaps were used in these patients, including 80 pericardial fat pad flaps (37.6%), 78 greater omental flaps (36.6%), 21 intercostal muscle flaps (9.9%), 16 anterior serratus muscle flaps (7.5%), and 18 greater pectoral muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle, pleural, thymic, or mediastinal fat flaps (8.5%). The flaps produced unusual opacity or attenuation and/or contour of the mediastinum, hilum, or chest wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of common thoracic surgical flaps is helpful in interpretation of postoperative radiologic studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhalla
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: McLoud
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D011897:Random Allocation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013903:Thoracic Surgery; D013909:Thorax / Q000033:anatomy & histology