title: Effects of massed versus distributed practice of test taking on achievement and test anxiety.
abstract: The effects of massed versus distributed practice on achievement and test anxiety were investigated using a quasi-experimental design employing 56 college students under two conditions. Test anxiety was assessed using Sarason's four-dimensional Reactions to Tests, while classroom achievement was measured on tests using multiple-choice applications. Experimental subjects were given four Reactions to Tests items and 10-item examinations on a weekly basis for 10 weeks, while control subjects had only a 100-item final examination. Analysis indicated (1) significantly higher final examination performance for the distributed testing condition; (2) a significant reduction in test anxiety between initial sessions and the remainder of the term in the distributed testing condition; (3) no difference in test anxiety between the distributed testing and control conditions when test anxiety was assessed at the end of the term; and (4) nonsignificant correlations between test anxiety dimensions of the Reactions to Tests and achievement in both the control and distributed testing conditions. Results support the contention that relationships between achievement and test anxiety may be more complex than previously thought.
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Cognitive Science, University of Toledo, OH 43606.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hocevar
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011340:Problem Solving; D011594:Psychometrics; D012931:Social Environment; D013732:Test Anxiety Scale / Q000706:statistics & numerical data