title: Immunolocalization of integrins in the human retina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Integrins are cell surface proteins that participate in interactions between cells and with extracellular matrix. Binding of integrins to their ligands influences cell activities including proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Expression of integrin subunits from three different subfamilies were examined in human retina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Integrins were detected in frozen sections of two human retinas with an avidin-biotin-complex immunohistochemical technique, using nine different monoclonal antibodies specific for alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha 6, alpha v, beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3. One retina was from a patient who had conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, and the other was from uninvolved regions of an eye with a choroidal melanoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All integrins tested were detectable in consistent patterns in two retinas. All except alpha 2 and alpha 4 were stained vibrantly in retinal and choroidal vessels. All alpha subunit staining of vessels showed overlap or close proximity to beta 1 staining. In addition to vessels, beta 1 was also present in the internal limiting membrane; alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, and beta 2 were all found throughout much of the neural retina, albeit with distinctive staining patterns. Other than in association with vessels, alpha 6 and alpha v were not detected in neural retina, and beta 3 was only weakly detected in the nerve fiber layer; alpha 4 and beta 2 were expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium; beta 1 and beta 2 were strongly expressed in drusen present in one of the eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nine integrin subunits have been found to have unique distributions in adult human retina. An understanding of the distribution in normal retina can serve as a useful contrast to patterns of staining associated with retinal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-4197.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Brem
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Mixon
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Planck
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016023:Integrins / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016023:Integrins