title: Protein kinase C isozyme distribution and down-regulation in relation to insulin-stimulated c-fos induction.
abstract: Insulin can stimulate the expression of c-fos and other immediate early genes in many insulin-sensitive cell types. We found previously that this effect of insulin was essentially normal in cells in which protein kinase C (PKC) was down-regulated by 16 h of exposure to 16 microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). However, recent studies by other groups have suggested that much of the insulin response was lost in down-regulated cells and that at least part of the remaining response could be due to a species of PKC beta that is resistant to down-regulation. To resolve these discrepancies, we performed PKC enzyme assays and immunoblots on HIRc-B, H4IIEC3, and BC3H-1 cells before and after down-regulation with PMA. PKC enzyme activity was undetectable in the first two cell types after down-regulation; in addition, in all three cells the expressed PKC isozymes other than PKC zeta were completely down-regulated by the PMA exposure. Neither PKC beta 1 nor beta 2 was expressed in any of the cells, as determined by immunoblotting with isotype-specific antibodies. As in our previous studies, c-Fos mRNA accumulation in response to insulin was essentially normal in the down-regulated HIRc-B and H4IIEC3 cells, whereas the response to re-added PMA was completely abolished. PKC zeta was expressed in all three cell types and was not down-regulated by PMA; these and other considerations leave open the possibility that this and other "atypical" PKC isotypes could play a role in insulin action.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stumpo
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Blackshear
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016762:Genes, fos; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D051816:Tristetraprolin; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051816:Tristetraprolin; C497552:ZFP36 protein, human; C497553:Zfp36 protein, mouse; C497554:Zfp36 protein, rat; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate