title: A prospective randomized trial comparing R1 subtotal gastrectomy with R3 total gastrectomy for antral cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors determined if more radical surgery with extended lymphadenectomy improves the results of gastrectomy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastric antrum.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The overall survival in patients with gastric cancer is disappointing. Improved survival has been reported by Japanese authors. Whether this is because of a higher number of early gastric cancers in the Japanese series, different biologic behavior in Asians, or the adoption of radical surgery with lymphadenectomy remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  R1 subtotal gastrectomy with omentectomy and R3 total gastrectomy (omentectomy, splenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, lymphatic clearance of the celiac axis, and skeletonization of vessels in the porta hepatis) were evaluated in a prospective, randomized comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five patients were randomized--25 to the R1 group and 30 to the R3 group. The two groups were comparable for age, sex, tumor size, TNM stage, and length of follow-up. The R3 group had a longer operating time (140 vs. 260 min; p < 0.05), a greater transfusion requirement (0 vs. 2 units, p < 0.05) and a longer hospital stay (8 vs. 16 days; p < 0.05) (medians; Mann-Whitney U test). The only postoperative death was in the R3 group and was caused by intra-abdominal sepsis. Fourteen patients in the R3 group developed left subphrenic abscesses. There were no major complications in the R1 group. Overall survival was significantly better in the R1 group (median survival estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, 1511 vs. 922 days, p < 0.05, log-rank test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  R3 total gastrectomy can be performed with a low mortality, but it has a high morbidity because of intra-abdominal sepsis. The data do not support the routine use of R3 total gastrectomy for treatment of patients with antral cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Raimes
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007583:Jejunum / Q000601:surgery; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009852:Omentum / Q000601:surgery; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate