title: Differences between young and old females in the five levels of body composition and their relevance to the two-compartment chemical model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Body composition differs between young and old females, although the magnitude of these age-related changes remains uncertain. This uncertainty persists because methodology applied in earlier studies required assumptions that may be age-dependent and also because studies included young and old subjects who differed substantially in body size and health status.
  
  
  METHODS
  To resolve these earlier concerns we examined components at the atomic, molecular, cellular, tissue-system, and whole body levels of body composition in 19 weight- and height-matched pairs of young (age 19-35 yrs) and old (age > 65 yrs) healthy White females. Isotope dilution, dual photon, whole-body counting, hydrodensitometry, and anthropometric methods were used either alone or in combination to produce multicomponent models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Old females had significantly more fat, greater truncal skinfolds and circumferences, and significantly less fat-free body mass (FFM), total body potassium (TBK), total body water (TBW), and bone mineral than did their young matched counterparts. Skeletal muscle mass was less in the old females, although the magnitude of the difference from young females varied between the three indices examined. The main assumptions (i.e., TBW/FFM = 0.73 kg/kg and density of FFM = 1.100 g/cc) which the widely used two-compartment TBW and hydrodensitometry methods are based on were not significantly different in young and old females. In contrast, the main assumed steady-state value for the two-compartment TBK method (TBK/FFM = 64.2 mmol/kg) was significantly lower (p < .001) in the old females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New approaches thus allow for a critical reexamination of body composition in elderly subjects, and these methods also give new insight into less complex widely used body composition techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital, New York City.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazariegos
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Pierson
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Heymsfield
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001826:Body Fluids; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D011188:Potassium