title: Method of simulated screen sensitometry for asymmetric, low crossover medical x-ray films.
abstract: Recognition of the importance of performing simulated screen-light sensitometry of medical x-ray films for the purpose of processor quality control has increased over the past several years. As a result there is a greater need to provide new techniques for performing simulated screen-light sensitometry. Medical films with reduced intensifying screen-light crossover intended to achieve reduced blur and higher spatial resolution pose particular problems in doing simulated screen-light sensitometry if care is not taken to choose a proper simulated light sensitometer with the capability of simultaneous double-sided exposures. Misleading and incorrect sensitometric data can be obtained for film contrast evaluation if a single side exposure is used. Asymmetric, near-zero crossover films pose even greater problems as proper orientation of the film and proper degree of light output asymmetry need be achieved in order to obtain correct sensitometry. The films used in this study were three double emulsion films varying in crossover from 3% to 24%. Of the two very-low-crossover films, one had symmetric emulsion layers while the second featured emulsion layers which were asymmetric in terms of contrast and speed. Sensitometric data show several curve shapes with significant distortions, depending on orientation, for the asymmetric, low-crossover film when exposed using a single-sided exposure. Only by using a double-sided exposure and an appropriate neutral density filter to simulate the degree of screen-light asymmetry in this system could one achieve a characteristic curve comparable to that achieved by inverse square sensitometry.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Division, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, New York 14650.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Haus
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011786:Quality Control; D013679:Technology, Radiologic; D014962:X-Ray Film / Q000592:standards; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens / Q000592:standards