title: Chronic ethanol alters CNS cholinergic and cerebellar development in chick embryos.
abstract: Chick embryos were given daily injections of ethanol (approximately 30 mg/day) either chronically from embryonic days 4 to 15 (E4-E15) or E18, or acutely from E15 to E18. Untreated and saline-injected embryos served as controls. Although morphological indicators of developmental age were not different among groups, chronic ethanol reduced weights of several brain regions. Similar to rodent models of prenatal ethanol exposure, chronic ethanol treatment reduced cerebellar Purkinje cell numbers compared to controls. Chronic but not acute ethanol exposure resulted in a significant reduction in choline acetyltransferase activity in the optic tectum (OT) and forebrain (FB) compared with controls. This study demonstrates that the chick embryo is a viable model to investigate the effects of ethanol exposure on CNS development. Unlike the mammalian fetus, the avian embryo is isolated from maternal interactions and may prove more useful in investigating the mechanisms by which ethanol directly influences brain development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 23610-0244.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Heaton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology; D002452:Cell Count; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009929:Organ Size; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase