title: Bombesin maintains enterocyte phenotype in fasted rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested a relationship between enterocyte phenotype and the growth state of the epithelium; under atrophic conditions, lactase gene expression is high, whereas intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) expression is low, and vice versa. On the basis of this model, we hypothesized that the intestinal trophic factor bombesin would alter brush-border enzyme gene expression in a predictable way.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult rats were fasted for 48 hours and treated (intraperitoneally) with either 10 micrograms/kg bombesin or the saline control every 8 hours. Small intestinal mucosal scrapings were taken, total RNA purified, and Northern blot analyses performed with radiolabeled cDNA probes corresponding to lactase, IAP, villin, and actin. Tissue samples were also taken for measurement of mucosal thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bombesin administration caused an increase in jejunal mucosal thickness, thereby confirming its trophic effects. Bombesin resulted in a decrease in lactase mRNA levels and an increase in IAP mRNA levels along the length of the small intestine. No changes occurred in the expression of either villin or actin. The pattern of enterocyte gene expression in the bombesin-treated animals was similar to that in control-fed rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bombesin differentially regulates rat enterocyte gene expression, decreasing lactase and increasing IAP mRNA levels. These results lend further support to the hypothesis that a close relationship exists between enterocyte phenotype and epithelial growth state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02215.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hodin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shei
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D001839:Bombesin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005215:Fasting; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D043322:Lactase; D008297:Male; D008871:Microvilli / Q000201:enzymology; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D043322:Lactase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D001839:Bombesin