title: Growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide elevates intracellular calcium in rat somatotropes by two mechanisms.
abstract: The actions of GH-releasing hexapeptide (His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 or GHRP-6) on single rat somatotropes were studied using whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology and indo-1 Ca2+ photometry. GHRP-6 elevated intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in two phases: a rapid transient phase, followed by a persistent phase. Based on its insensitivity to treatments that block Ca2+ entry [removal of external Ca2+, addition of the dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker nitrendipine (1 microM), and the hyperpolarizing action of zero external Na+ or 100 nM somatostatin], the transient elevation is the result of release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. The half-maximal concentration for the peak [Ca2+]i rise during Ca2+ release was 49 nM GHRP-6. Prior treatment of cells with caffeine (10 mM) or ryanodine (50 microM) abolished or partially occluded GHRP-6-induced Ca2+ release. Simultaneous measurement of [Ca2+]i and membrane current or potential revealed that the transient release of Ca2+ by GHRP-6 activates a voltage-independent Ca(2+)-activated K+ conductance, which transiently hyperpolarizes the somatotrope. The GHRP-6-induced persistent [Ca2+]i elevation is abolished by removal of external Ca2+ or external Na+ or the addition of 1 microM nitrendipine or 100 nM somatostatin, consistent with Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. In nondialyzed cells (perforated patch recording), we have identified a long-lasting GHRP-6-induced depolarization which may be responsible for the persistent [Ca2+]i elevation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrington
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hille
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides; D015221:Potassium Channels; D012433:Ryanodine; D002110:Caffeine; C041048:growth hormone releasing hexapeptide; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; D002118:Calcium