title: Genitourinary polyps in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to review the presenting complaints, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and natural history of children with genitourinary polyps seen at the Mayo Clinic during the past 35 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all children less than 16 years of age with symptomatic genitourinary polyps who were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1957 and 1992. The age of each patient, clinical presentation, anatomic location of the polyp, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment were reviewed. Long-term follow-up data, including complications, were recorded, and the literature was reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common presenting symptoms were hematuria in 9 patients, (gross 7, microscopic 2) and urinary tract obstruction in 9 patients (upper tract 3, lower tract 6). Four children had ureteral polyps. Excretory urography showed hydronephrosis and filling defects in 3 patients and a filling defect without hydronephrosis in 1 child. Two patients underwent segmental ureterectomy, 1 had open excision of the polyp, and 1 had ureteroscopic excision. Urethral polyps were identified in 12 children, most often as a filling defect of the posterior urethra on voiding cystourethrography (5 patients) or during cystourethroscopy (7 patients). All 12 patients were managed successfully by transurethral resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genitourinary polyps in children require a high degree of alertness and can be diagnosed with excretory urography, with voiding cystourethrography, or endoscopically. The biologic activity of these polyps is uniformly benign, and there have been no recurrences following complete excision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011127:Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology; D014567:Urography