title: N-ras mutation and karyotypic evolution are closely associated with leukemic transformation in myelodysplastic syndrome.
abstract: We performed a longitudinal analysis of the karyotypes and N-ras gene configuration of bone marrow cells in 35 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Karyotypic evolution was found in eight patients, and was associated with disease progression, including leukemic transformation, in all the patients. We identified N-ras mutations in six patients, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, in which oligonucleotide primers were constructed with induced mismatches, followed by endonuclease digestion. Direct sequencing confirmed single base substitutions at codon 12 in two patients and at codon 13 in four. The incidence of N-ras gene mutations was significantly higher in the karyotypically evolved group (five of eight patients) than in the stable group (one of 27 patients). All of five patients harboring both karyotypic evolution and an N-ras mutation showed concomitant disease progression to overt leukemia or refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-T). Two of four patients with either karyotypic evolution or N-ras mutation and six of 26 patients without any of these alterations also progressed to overt leukemia. Our results indicate that the accumulation of these genetic alterations is closely associated with leukemic transformation of MDS, although other genetic alterations may also play a key role in the remaining patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, III, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horiike
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniwaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inazawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D017931:DNA Primers