title: Semi-open needle biopsy of the upper thoracic spine.
abstract: METHODS
  A semi-open needle technique allowing safe biopsy of the upper thoracic spine is described.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It has been performed in five cases with an accuracy of 100% and no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors recommend its use between T1 and T4, or where the normal anatomy is very distorted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Fazzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waddell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*