title: Unrepaired heteroduplex DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is decreased in RAD1 RAD52-independent recombination.
abstract: A direct repeat recombination assay between SUP4 heteroalleles detects unrepaired heteroduplex DNA (hDNA) as sectored colonies. The frequency of unrepaired heteroduplex is dependent on the mismatch and is highest in a construct that generates C:C or G:G mispairs and lowest in one that generates T:G or C:A mispairs. In addition, unrepaired hDNA increases for all mismatches tested in pms1 mismatch repair-deficient strains. These results support the notion that hDNA is formed across the SUP4 repeats during the recombination event and is then subject to mismatch repair. The effects of various repair and recombination defective mutations on this assay were examined. Unrepaired heteroduplex increases significantly only in rad52 mutant strains. In addition, direct repeat recombination is reduced 2-fold in rad52 mutant strains, while in rad51, rad54, rad55 and rad57 mutants direct repeat recombination is increased 3-4-fold. Mutations in the excision repair gene, RAD1, do not affect the frequency of direct repeat recombination. However, the level of unrepaired heteroduplex is slightly decreased in rad1 mutant strains. Similar to previous studies, rad1 rad52 double mutants show a synergistic reduction in direct repeat recombination (35-fold). Interestingly, unrepaired heteroduplex is reduced 4-fold in the double mutants. Experiments with shortened repeats suggest that the reduction in unrepaired heteroduplex is due to decreased hDNA tract length in the double mutant strain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rothstein
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D003434:Crossing Over, Genetic; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004720:Endonucleases; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D016153:Genes, Suppressor; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids; D051721:Rad52 DNA Repair and Recombination Protein; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; C497197:RAD52 protein, S cerevisiae; D051721:Rad52 DNA Repair and Recombination Protein; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D004720:Endonucleases; C069266:RAD1 protein, S cerevisiae; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes