title: Phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy with thoracotomy in the treatment of clinically staged IIIA non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of administering to patients induction chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide (VP-16), followed by full-course radiation therapy and weekly carboplatin with tolerable toxicity as preoperative therapy to down-stage disease thus allowing the resection of clinically staged IIIA non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight eligible patients with good performance status and previously untreated, marginally resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer received induction chemotherapy with carboplatin (dosed per the Egorin formulation), and VP-16 (100 mg/m2) followed by 6000 cGy of chest radiotherapy over six weeks administered concurrently with weekly doses of 100 mg/m2 of carboplatin. Patients who had either responsive or stable disease underwent thoracotomy, with attempted surgical resection of the primary lung lesion and the areas of abnormal adenopathy. Procedures involving less than a pneumonectomy were used whenever feasible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two cycles of induction chemotherapy were administered. The average initial dose of carboplatin was 407 mg/m2. Toxicity was tolerable with grade 3-4 neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia in 48 and 27% of the patients. There were no septic deaths. Full-dose radiotherapy was administered to 82% of patients, with 73% receiving at least five weekly doses of carboplatin. The radiographically assessed response rate to the neoadjuvant treatment was 64% (partial response, 46%; minimal response, 18%). Sixteen patients underwent gross tumor resection with 12 (43%) having negative pathologic margins. Six patients had pneumonectomy. There were three perioperative deaths (19%); two were secondary to respiratory failure after the patients underwent a pneumonectomy. The median survival for all 28 patients was 15 months, and for the 16 patients undergoing thoracotomy was 23 months. Eight patients were alive and in remission, with follow-up ranging from 8 to 31 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude that (1) carboplatin and VP-16, followed by full-dose radiotherapy with weekly carboplatin administration, is a well tolerated and effective regimen in the treatment of patients with marginally resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer; and (2) full-course radiotherapy can be administered before surgical resection without additional surgical morbidity or mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leopold
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yost
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D013908:Thoracotomy
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin