title: Low-dose melphalan-induced shift in the production of a Th2-type cytokine to a Th1-type cytokine in mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor.
abstract: The current studies demonstrate that MOPC-315 tumor cells secrete large amounts of interleukin-10 (IL-10), which contributes to the inhibitory activity of MOPC-315 culture supernatants for the in vitro generation of antitumor cytotoxicity by MOPC-315-"immune" spleen cells. Moreover, addition of neutralizing monoclonal anti-IL-10 antibody to the in vitro stimulation cultures of cells from the tumor infiltrated spleens of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor resulted in the generation of enhanced anti-MOPC-315 cytotoxicity. In contrast, addition of monoclonal anti-IL-10 antibody to the in vitro stimulation cultures of splenic cells from mice that are in the final stages of immune-mediated tumor eradication as a consequence of low-dose melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard; L-PAM) therapy (and whose spleens no longer contain metastatic tumor cells) did not lead to enhancement in the in vitro generation of antitumor cytotoxicity. The cessation of IL-10 secretion as a consequence of low-dose L-PAM therapy of MOPC-315 tumor bearers was found to be accompanied by the acquisition of the ability to secrete interferon gamma (IFN gamma) by the splenic cells. In addition, by day 2 after low-dose L-PAM therapy a drastic decrease in the amount of IL-10 secreted by the s.c. tumor nodules was noted, which preceded the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes capable of secreting IFN gamma. Thus, low-dose L-PAM therapy of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor leads to a shift in cytokine production from a Th2-type cytokine to a Th1-type cytokine, and it is conceivable that this shift in cytokine production plays an important role in the low-dose L-PAM-induced acquisition of antitumor immunity by hitherto immunosuppressed mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago 60680.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gorelik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prokhorova
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mokyr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008558:Melphalan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010954:Plasmacytoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10; D016685:Mitomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D008558:Melphalan