Interpersonal variables in the prediction of alcoholism among adoptees: evidence for gene-environment interactions.
The contributions of genetic and both positive and negative environmental factors were tested in the prediction of alcohol abuse/dependence among 300 adult adoptees. No direct effects for either genetic or environmental factors were significant in the prediction of adoptee alcohol abuse/dependence. However, among women, early-life family conflict and psychopathology in the adoptive family interacted with a biological background of alcoholism. Among women with at least one alcoholic biological parent, conflict or psychopathology in the adoptive family increased the probability of alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Among men, no significant interactions were found between a biological background of alcoholism and environmental variables. Results suggest a pattern of gene-environment interaction among women.
Cutrona
C E
CE
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Cadoret
R J
RJ
Suhr
J A
JA
Richards
C C
CC
Troughton
E
E
Schutte
K
K
Woodworth
G
G
D000293:Adolescent; D000300:Adoption / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology