title: Intracranial venous thrombosis in a patient with multiple sclerosis. A case report and review of contraceptive alternatives in patients with disabilities.
abstract: Intracranial thrombosis is a rare complication of oral contraceptive use. A case is presented of a 35-yr-old woman with multiple sclerosis who took oral contraceptives and, subsequently, experienced intracranial transverse and sigmoid sinus thromboses and, later, deep venous thrombosis of the calf. A review of the relationship between oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis is presented. In addition, the diagnostic work-up and treatment options for intracranial venous thrombosis are discussed, and appropriate birth control alternatives for disabled patients, that is, diaphragm, sponges, condoms and levonorgestrel, are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Malanga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gangemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D012851:Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral