title: Anticholinergic premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy.
abstract: Atropine is routinely used as part of the premedication regimen for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. This study was performed, firstly, to evaluate the effect of anticholinergic agents on the ease of bronchoscopy, haemodynamic parameters and patient comfort during the procedure; and secondly, to compare atropine with glycopyrrolate, a newer acetylcholine antagonist which is claimed to cause less tachycardia and sedation, whilst suppressing salivation more effectively. One hundred and ninety consecutive patients were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: diazepam 5 mg; diazepam 5 mg + atropine 600 micrograms; and diazepam 5 mg + glycopyrrolate 300 micrograms. Diazepam was given orally one hour before bronchoscopy, and glycopyrrolate/atropine intramuscularly 30 min before bronchoscopy. All patients received thalamonal intravenously, lignocaine gel into one nostril, and lignocaine by transtracheal injection just prior to the procedure. The incidence of bronchoscopy related haemodynamic problems was similar in all three groups. Troublesome coughing, as observed by the operator, was less frequent with glycopyrrolate (control 51%, atropine 42%, glycopyrrolate 30%), as was patient movement (40%, 32%, 19%, respectively). Uncomfortable dryness of the mouth was most common with glycopyrrolate (37%, 32%, 66%, respectively), but overall assessment of discomfort, and the number of patients who would agree to a repeat bronchoscopy (73%, 76%, 70%, respectively) were very similar in all three groups. In conclusion, the differences between the three groups were slight. Glycopyrrolate made the bronchoscopy slightly easier for the operator because of significantly improved cough and movement suppression, though atropine was marginally preferable in terms of patient comfort.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Unit, Rotherham General Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roffe
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Basran
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000209:etiology; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007826:Laryngismus / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine; D003975:Diazepam; D006024:Glycopyrrolate