title: Multiple sclerosis: correlation of anxiety, physical impairment and cognitive dysfunction.
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the correlation between anxiety and physical impairment and to discover whether anxiety correlated with specific forms of cognitive dysfunction. Ninety-four patients (42 females, 52 males) with definite MS entered the study. Anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, physical impairment by means of the Kurtzke Disability Status scale, and cognitive impairment by using the Trail Making, Symbol Digit Modalities, Auditory Verbal Learning, Story Recall and the Recurring Figures tests. Moderately handicapped patients (DSS 4-5) showed signs of anxiety, and physical impairment correlated with anxiety (p < 0.05; d.f. 1.92). Trail Making also correlated with anxiety (p < 0.01; d.f. 1.86). On the basis of the results of this and previous studies, it is concluded that anxiety can be a sign of cognitive dysfunction, physical impairment or social strain.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neuro-Psychiatric Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stenager
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology