title: Oculonasal synkinesis.
abstract: A phenomenon the authors have termed oculonasal synkinesis has been observed in 13 individuals in two independent practices. This complex presents as simultaneous contraction of the orbicularis oculi and the compressor narium minor muscles. When the patient blinks, the compressor narium minor muscle contracts, causing depression of the ala. Its etiology is postulated as the formation of anomalous connections between the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve, innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the buccal branches of the facial nerve, innervating the compressor narium minor muscle. All 13 individuals who exhibited this phenomenon are female. This anomaly was displayed bilaterally in 7 patients, on the right side in 2 patients, and on the left side in 4 patients. A 2-month-old daughter of one of the patients who had bilateral presentation, also displayed the phenomenon. In 6 patients who underwent rhinoplasty, resection of the compressor narium minor muscle resulted in complete elimination of the abnormal muscle movement. The plastic surgeon who performs rhinoplasty should be cognizant of the synkinesis and discuss its presence with the patient, since a patient may consider this a surgical sequela upon discovering the condition postoperatively. Furthermore, this unintentional muscle function is aesthetically displeasing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guyuron
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bokhari
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology; D005123:Eye / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery; D009666:Nose / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods