title: [The prognostic factors following the simultaneous radiochemotherapy of anal canal carcinoma in a multicenter series of 139 patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of prognostic variables, results and toxicity after chemo-radiation (CRT) of anal canal carcinoma (ACC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1982 and 1992, 139 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal were treated by radiation and chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and mitomycin C (MMC). 99 patients belonged to a prospectively designed trial (50 Gy, 2 courses of chemotherapy) and 40 to a historical control group (40 Gy, 1 course of chemotherapy). The female/male ratio was 116/23. Median age was 62 years. Staging (UICC 1987): T1: 16.5%; T2: 49%; T3: 23%; T4: 9.4%; unknown: 2.1%. Abnormal regional nodes were present in 15% of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Squamous cell carcinoma: 68%; cloacogenic carcinoma: 31%; unknown: 1%. External beam radiation (ERT) was given to the primary tumour including perirectal, inguinal and iliac nodes by a 3 to 4 field box technique (50 patients) or parallel opposed fields (89 patients). Median single fraction and total dose were 1.8 Gy and 50 Gy. An additional boost to the involved sites was delivered by ERT (32 cases; median dose 16 Gy) or interstitial brachytherapy (BT) in 28 cases with a median dose 14 Gy. 84 patients (60%) received 2 or more cycles, 50 patients (36%) 1 cycle, 5 patients (4%) no chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival rate, NED-survival rate and local tumour control rate were 78%, 64% and 69% at 5 years. Anorectal function was retained in 94 of 139 patients (68%). Multivariate analysis indicated that T-stage (p = 0.037) and belonging to the historical control group (p = 0.003) were significant variables for local tumour control. T-stage was a marginally significant factor (p = 0.09) for NED-survival. Acute toxicity of grade 3 and 4 (WHO) was observed in 36%, severe late toxicity (grade 3 Eschwege) in 3% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRT with 2 courses 5-FU, MMC and ERT to a total dose of 45 to 50 Gy is a safe and effective treatment for ACC. Intensification of treatment is recommended in advanced stages T3/4.
authors.affiliation: Strahlentherapeutische Kliniken, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Grabenbauer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panzer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hültenschmidt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Döker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kuhne-Velte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rühl
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Budach
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wendt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil
vernacular_title: Prognostische Faktoren nach simultaner Radiochemotherapie des Analkanalkarzinoms in einer multizentrischen Serie von 139 Patienten.