title: Inhaled nitric oxide in the evaluation of heart transplant candidates with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
abstract: The reversibility of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in heart transplant candidates is currently evaluated with intravenous vasodilators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increased concentrations of inhaled nitric oxide (20, 40, and 80 ppm) on central hemodynamics and right ventricular function in heart transplant candidates with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (> 2.5 Wood units). Comparison was made with intravenous vasodilators, sodium nitroprusside, and prostacyclin in doses that lowered the mean arterial pressure by about 15%. Inhalation of nitric oxide did not change systemic or pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output, right ventricular function, or systemic vascular resistance. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased and transpulmonary pressure gradient and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased (-34% +/- 4% and -36% +/- 4%, respectively; p < 0.01) during 20 ppm nitric oxide, with no further effects at higher doses. Prostacyclin and sodium nitroprusside decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (-50% +/- 6% and -33% +/- 5%; p < 0.01). Prostacyclin reduced to some extent (p = 0.08) transpulmonary pressure gradient, which was not seen during sodium nitroprusside infusion. Systemic vascular resistance decreased during both sodium nitroprusside (-37% +/- 5%) and prostacyclin (-44% +/- 4%) infusion. The pulmonary vascular resistance/systemic vascular resistance ratio, used as an index of pulmonary selectivity, was decreased by nitric oxide (p < 0.01) but not by the intravenous vasodilators. Metabolic data indicate that inhaled nitric oxide is metabolized in the same way as that formed endogenously. In conclusion, inhaled nitric oxide is a selective pulmonary vasodilator that can be used safely in the hemodynamic evaluation of heart transplant candidates with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahlgren's Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kieler-Jensen
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ricksten
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stenqvist
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bergh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindelöv
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wennmalm
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Waagstein
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lundin
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D002496:Central Venous Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008706:Methemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008706:Methemoglobin; D011464:Epoprostenol; D010100:Oxygen