title: A brief history of endoscopy.
abstract: Endoscopy has revolutionized surgery. However, this recent revolution would not have been possible without the history of a series of technological breakthroughs in instrumentation, light sources, optics/photography, insufflation, and energy sources.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000266:history*; D005060:Europe; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D014481:United States