title: 3-D video techniques in endoscopic surgery.
abstract: Three-dimensional visualisation of the operative field is an important requisite for precise and fast handling of open surgical operations. Up to now it has only been possible to display a two-dimensional image on the monitor during endoscopic procedures. The increasing complexity of minimal invasive interventions requires endoscopic suturing and ligatures of larger vessels which are difficult to perform without the impression of space. Three-dimensional vision therefore may decrease the operative risk, accelerate interventions and widen the operative spectrum. In April 1992 a 3-D video system developed at the Nuclear Research Center Karlsruhe, Germany (IAI Institute) was applied in various animal experimental procedures and clinically in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The system works with a single monitor and active high-speed shutter glasses. Our first trials with this new 3-D imaging system clearly showed a facilitation of complex surgical manoeuvres like mobilisation of organs, preparation in the deep space and suture techniques. The 3-D-system introduced in this article will enter the market in 1993 (Opticon Co., Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Research Center, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melzer
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Schurr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buess
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation; D003626:Data Display; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005139:Eyeglasses; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010780:Photogrammetry; D013552:Swine; D013690:Television; D020708:Thoracoscopes; D014741:Video Recording