title: MR arthrographic depiction of tears of the rotator cuff: benefit of abduction and external rotation of the arm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show the effectiveness of positioning the arm in abduction and external rotation (ABER) during magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography for depiction of tears of the rotator cuff.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five throwing athletes with shoulder pain were prospectively imaged with standard MR imaging, MR arthrography, and ABER MR arthrography. The status of the rotator cuff was recorded; arthroscopic correlation was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One partial tear of the distal infraspinatus tendon was detected with ABER MR arthrography only. One full-thickness tear was detected with both MR arthrography and ABER MR arthrography, but the component of the tear that extended into the infraspinatus tendon was depicted with ABER MR arthrography only. One partial tear was detected with both MR arthrography and ABER MR arthrography; no additional information was provided by either technique alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ABER position may be useful in detection and characterization of tears of the rotator cuff, especially partial tears of the undersurface. This information would be useful in selection of patients for conservative therapy, arthroscopy, or arthrotomy.
authors.affiliation: San Francisco Magnetic Resonance Center, CA 94118.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Tirman
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Bost
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mall
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Peterfy
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Genant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D001182:Arthroscopy; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000473:pathology; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis