title: The effect of local immunotherapy for breast cancer using a mixture of OK-432 and fibrinogen supplemented with activated macrophages.
abstract: OK-432 is an immunomodulatory agent prepared from a strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. We have previously reported that intratumoral injection of a mixture of OK-432 and fibrinogen (hereinafter referred to as OK/fbg) is very effective in the local immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. However, we found that the intratumoral injection of OK/fbg into tumor tissues of breast cancers did not always induce a strong antitumor effect. With conventional OK/fbg treatment, tumor necrosis observed in breast cancer tumors was significantly less than that in colorectal cancer tumors; the formation of fibrin meshwork and macrophage infiltration, in particular, were poor. In this study, the OK/fbg mixture was supplemented with activated macrophages for local immunotherapy of breast cancers. Macrophages were prepared from peripheral blood of breast cancer patients and activated with 0.05 mg/ml of OK-432. Between 2-7 days before operation, a single intratumoral injection of the above mixtures was done. The addition of activated macrophages to the OK/fbg mixture resulted in marked degrees of fibrin meshwork formation, macrophage infiltration and cancer cell necrosis. These findings suggest that the recruitment of macrophages in tumor stroma and their activation are necessary for sufficient induction of antitumor immunity, and supplementation of activated macrophages at the site of immune reaction may be an alternative method for reinforcement of the antitumor effect of local immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery II, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Monden
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsumoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wakasugi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakasugi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D010844:Picibanil / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010844:Picibanil; D005340:Fibrinogen