title: Historical perspectives of biliary tract injuries.
abstract: The development of repair of biliary tract operative injuries proceeded in tandem with the advancement of abdominal surgery in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The important auxiliary role of stents, imaging, and hilar dissection, and the recognition of the common duct arterial supply are related to technical advances. The place of percutaneous or endoscopic dilation is being established in the 1990s.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Braasch
mesh_terms: D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000293:injuries*; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history*; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000266:history; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000266:history; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D014481:United States