title: A literature review of the critical elements in translation theory.
abstract: A review of some of the classic literature on translation is provided. The work of Brislin is detailed as a foundation for testing the translation equivalence of quantitative measures. Selected recent studies are presented that describe variations in the translation process.
authors.affiliation: Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College of the City University of New York.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palchanes
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016746:Transcultural Nursing; D014175:Translating