title: Cytomegalovirus infection of human retinal tissue: an in vivo model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a common, devastating complication of AIDS. Strict host specificity of human CMV (HCMV), has limited the study of the virus. The purpose of this research was to create a model that allowed the in vivo infection of human retinal tissue with HCMV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Small fragments of 13-week human fetal retina were transplanted into the anterior chambers of immune-deficient mice. One week later, 15 of 30 grafts were inoculated with HCMV. Infected and noninfected specimens were compared for histopathologic changes at 14, 30, and 60 days at light and electron microscopic levels. Histochemistry was performed to characterize: level of graft differentiation, range of viral replication cycle, and effects on neuronal, glial, and monocytic elements of the retina.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 30 and 60 days, grafts were well differentiated histologically and histochemically. The infected grafts showed numerous large cells containing intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions. Ultrastructural examination revealed viral particles within cytoplasm and nuclei. Infected cells expressed proteins representative of all phases of the HCMV replication cycle. Most HCMV-infected cells expressed the neuronal marker, protein gene product 9.5. In a second series of experiments, tissue from one graft harvested at 45 days postinfection was used to recover HCMV in fibroblast cultures and also used successfully to passage the virus to two control grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model allows HCMV to actively infect and replicate within highly differentiated human neural tissue. It produces pathology characteristic of CMV-infected neural tissue in a time course suitable for long-term study. The nature of this model will allow the study of: the replication properties of HCMV in nervous tissue, the specific effects of HCMV on the human retina, the interaction of HCMV with other viruses, e.g., HIV, and various anti-viral therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DiLoreto
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Britt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Cerro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D012160:Retina / Q000196:embryology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014779:Virus Replication