Pharmacokinetics of sodium humate in chickens.
Free or liposome-encapsulated sodium humate was administered to chickens intracardially, orally or subcutaneously and the following principal pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using the MW Pharm software for two-compartment models: elimination half-life (t1/2 el), steady state distribution volume (Vdss), blood clearance (Cl), maximal drug concentration (Cmax), time required for appearance of Cmax (tmax), area under the curve (AUC) and bioavailability (F). Blood clearance of liposome-encapsulated sodium humate was higher than that of free sodium humate regardless of the way of administration. On the other hand, the elimination half-life was longer after the extravascular than after the intracardial administration. Cmax values indicate that the penetration of sodium humate from the injection site into blood circulation is very slow. Biological availability of sodium humate also depended on the way of administration and dosage form. Aside from the intracardial administration, the highest bioavailability was found after subcutaneous administration of free sodium humate.
Hampl
J
J
Veterinary Research Institute, Brno.
Herzig
I
I
Vlcek
J
J
D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008081:Liposomes
D006812:Humic Substances; D008081:Liposomes