title: Aldehyde-induced protein modifications in human plasma: protection by glutathione and dihydrolipoic acid.
abstract: Exposure of human plasma to gas phase cigarette smoke (CS) produces a depletion of ascorbic acid, peroxidation of lipids (Frei et al. Biochem J 1991; 277: 133-8), and protein modification (as measured by protein carbonyl accumulation and loss of sulfhydryl groups) (Reznick et al. Biochem J 1992; 286: 607-11). CS contains both saturated and unsaturated aldehydes. The contribution of these aldehydes to the damaging effects of CS on human plasma was investigated. Aldehydes present in CS did not cause a depletion of plasma antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or alpha-tocopherol and did not induce plasma lipid peroxidation. Aldehydes decreased plasma protein sulfhydryl concentrations but increased protein carbonyls. The thiols glutathione and dihydrolipoic acid had a significant effect in reducing aldehyde-induced protein modifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Halliwell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Vliet
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tritschler
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Strohman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rieland
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Reznick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000975:Antioxidants; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014810:Vitamin E; D008063:Thioctic Acid; C015144:dihydrolipoic acid; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid