title: Characteristics of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) mixtures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine physical characteristics of mixtures of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) and metrizamide dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, liquid materials developed for embolization of arteriovenous malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  EVAL and dimethyl sulfoxide were mixed in various proportions and sterilized. The viscosity and density of each mixture was measured. Precipitation times were determined by dropping the mixtures into saline or human blood. The mixtures were filtered and the filtrates weighed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Densities and viscosities of the various mixtures differed significantly, proportionally to the concentration of EVAL. Precipitation times also differed significantly, in inverse proportion to the concentration of EVAL. Temperature and aqueous solution did not affect precipitation times significantly. The weight of the filtrate significantly increased with time but was constant for each precipitation time. Temperature significantly affected filtrate weight; aqueous solution did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of their different physical properties, the various EVAL mixtures are suited to embolizing different types of arteriovenous malformations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Taki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000628:therapy; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011145:Polyvinyls; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; C020320:ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer