title: Cell type-specific expression of the pituitary transcription activator pit-1 in the human pituitary and pituitary adenomas.
abstract: Pit-1 is a transcription factor that has been shown to be critical for pituitary-specific activation of the GH and PRL genes. In rodents and humans, differentiation and/or maintenance of somatotroph, lactotroph, and thyrotroph phenotypes are dependent on expression of a functional pit-1 gene. In rodents, Pit-1 protein is detectable in only these three cell types; however, pit-1 mRNA transcripts appear to be present at comparable levels in all adenohypophysial cell types, suggesting that translational controls may dictate the pattern of Pit-1 expression. We examined the distribution of pit-1 transcripts in the human pituitary and pituitary adenomas. All tumors were characterized by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, and tissue culture for accurate classification. Northern blot analysis demonstrated abundant levels of pit-1 mRNA in somatotroph, mammosomatotroph, and lactotroph adenomas. Two clinically silent adenomas that expressed TSH as well as gonadotropins contained detectable levels of pit-1 mRNA. No pit-1 expression was otherwise detected in corticotroph, gonadotroph, null cell, or oncocytic adenomas. In situ hybridization localized pit-1 mRNA transcripts in adenomas that contained GH, PRL, or TSH, but not in adenomas composed of other cell types. Pit-1 mRNA was also localized to selected subpopulations of the human nontumorous adenohypophysis that contained immunoreactivity for GH, PRL, and/or TSH. Pit-1 protein immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei of adenomas that expressed pit-1 mRNA, but not in those that were negative for pit-1 mRNA; it was also localized only in cells containing GH, PRL, or TSH beta in the nontumorous adenohypophysis. These data demonstrate selective expression of the human pit-1 gene in adenohypophysial cell types responsible for GH, PRL, and/or TSH synthesis and are consistent with a predominantly pretranslational regulatory mechanism for Pit-1 expression in the human.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Asa
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Puy
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Sundmark
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Elsholtz
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000378:metabolism*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494187:POU1F1 protein, human; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors