title: Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound with carbon dioxide microbubbles as adjunct to arteriography of liver tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study is to evaluate utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) with carbon dioxide microbubbles in evaluation of hepatic lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with single or multiple hepatic lesions (11 hepatocellular carcinoma, 8 hemangiomas, 5 metastases, 1 adenoma, 1 focal nodular hyperplasia, 2 regenerative nodules) were examined. US exam was performed during intraarterial injection of 10 ml of CO2 through the same catheter employed for liver arteriography. The US exam was videotaped in its salient phases. Characteristics of enhancement were evaluated and correlated with histological findings or patient follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sonographic angiography clearly demonstrated vascularization of the lesions. Hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangioma, metastases, focal nodular hyperplasia, and regenerative nodules had very characteristic patterns. The injection of CO2 allowed detection of small additional nodules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonographic angiography can improve characterization and staging of hepatic tumors. Low cost and the simplicity of the technique should encourage further experimentation.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Radiologia, Università di Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veltri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capello
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Faissola
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spalluto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farinet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grosso
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003287:Contrast Media; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D008863:Microspheres; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide