title: Three distinct nuclear protein binding sites in the promoter of the murine multidrug resistance mdr1b gene.
abstract: Multidrug resistance in mammalian cells is often associated with the overproduction of a membrane glycoprotein, P-glycoprotein, that is encoded by mdr genes. Multidrug resistance cell lines selected with either vinblastine, colchicine, or taxol from the drug-sensitive murine macrophage-like cell line J774.2 overexpress the mdr1a and/or mdr1b genes, and overproduce P-glycoprotein. To elucidate the mechanisms of mdr1b gene expression, the mdr1b 5'-flanking sequences have been isolated from a normal mouse liver genomic library and analyzed by gel shift and DNase I footprinting assays. These analyses have demonstrated three nuclear protein binding sites, from -82 to -59 (site 1), from -123 to -101 (site 2), and from -272 to -249 (site 3), which interact with proteins present in nuclear extracts from both sensitive and resistant cells. Although site 1 contains a partially conserved AP-2 consensus sequence, our results indicate that the nuclear protein binding to site 1 is not AP-2 protein. The sequence of site 2 is conserved in the murine mdr1a, human mdr1, and hamster pgp1 promoters. Such conservation suggests that this sequence may have an important role in mdr gene expression. The use of a transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression vector containing the basal promoter for herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tkCAT) and either site 1 or site 2 or both revealed that the sequences of sites 1 and 2 enhanced tkCAT activity. DNase I footprinting analyses demonstrated that site 3 is recognized by human AP-1 protein, indicating that the nuclear protein binding to this site is an AP-1-like protein. These observations suggest that mdr1b gene expression is mediated by preexisting transcription factors present in sensitive and resistant cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Piekarz
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Horwitz
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D015698:Genomic Library; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D004247:DNA; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I