title: The position of symbrachydactyly in the classification of congenital hand anomalies.
abstract: The clinical features of 53 cases of intercalated hypoplasia and 113 cases of distal aplasia are reviewed and compared with each other and with 129 cases of syndactyly. Tri-, di- and mono-phalangeal symbrachydactyly, and adactyly with nubbin digits are consecutive anomalies. Transverse deficiency may result if the mesenchyme is damaged severely, and if damage is mild and formation has continued, intercalated transverse deficiency may occur. Webbing in symbrachydactyly may result from failure of the apical ectodermal ridge under the influence of damaged mesenchyme.
authors.affiliation: Chukyou University, Toyota City, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horii
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities; D012737:Sex Factors; D013576:Syndactyly / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D013933:Thumb / Q000002:abnormalities