title: [Smoking as a risk factor in arteriopathies].
abstract: Tobacco use represents the most powerful chemical addiction, which has been defined as "the inability to discontinue smoking" and it is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors. It produces alterations in platelet activity, blood viscosity and vascular wall and clinical signs related to the different vascular districts. The probability of carotid lesions increases up to 32% for 10 years/smoking and the progression of the disease is proportional to tobacco consumption; on the contrary smoking cessation may be helpful. Furthermore the risk of PAOD increases 2 to 9-fold, irrespective the number of cigarettes and these modify significantly the long-term patency of the femoro-distal reconstructions (57% vs 78% at 2 years). Very impressive indeed the data concerning major amputations (21% vs 2%) and the mortality rate for cardiovascular diseases (83% vs 33%) between smokers and non-smokers. For the abdominal aortic aneurysm too smoking represents the main independent risk factor and the mortality rate rises 6 to 25-fold compared to the normal population. The conclusions are obvious and can be shortly summarized in the following sentence: "Stop smoking and keep walking".
authors.affiliation: Clinica Chirurgica B, Università degli Studi di Genova.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baiardi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galleano
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bonalumi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mondini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery
vernacular_title: Il fumo come fattore di rischio nelle arteriopatie.