title: Retroviral immortalization of phagocytic and dendritic cell clones as a tool to investigate functional heterogeneity.
abstract: We have developed a method to generate immortalized phagocytic and dendritic cell clones from various mouse tissues such as spleen, thymus, brain and bone marrow. The clones were phenotypically characterized and shown to retain the ability to respond to immune or inflammatory signals, e.g., IFN-gamma. Functional cytokine activity and nitric oxide production were maintained in activated macrophages, microglial and dendritic cell clones. Immune functions, such as antigen presentation was exhibited by all clones whereas tissue-specific properties such as the ability to respond to corticotropin-releasing hormone and produce beta-endorphin was shown in microglial cell clones but not in macrophage cell clones, indicating that heterogeneity of cells of the mononuclear-phagocytic lineage can be maintained in vitro after the immortalization procedure. Moreover, the continuous proliferation of the clones could be inhibited by various stimuli and further differentiation of the cells could be achieved in vitro.
authors.affiliation: CNR Center of Cytopharmacology, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Granucci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winzler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paglia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foti
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Assmann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rescigno
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ricciardi-Castagnoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D002999:Clone Cells; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D012190:Retroviridae; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D007371:Interferon-gamma