title: An ethylene-responsive enhancer element is involved in the senescence-related expression of the carnation glutathione-S-transferase (GST1) gene.
abstract: The increased production of ethylene during carnation petal senescence regulates the transcription of the GST1 gene encoding a subunit of glutathione-S-transferase. We have investigated the molecular basis for this ethylene-responsive transcription by examining the cis elements and trans-acting factors involved in the expression of the GST1 gene. Transient expression assays following delivery of GST1 5' flanking DNA fused to a beta-glucuronidase receptor gene were used to functionally define sequences responsible for ethylene-responsive expression. Deletion analysis of the 5' flanking sequences of GST1 identified a single positive regulatory element of 197 bp between -667 and -470 necessary for ethylene-responsive expression. The sequences within this ethylene-responsive region were further localized to 126 bp between -596 and -470. The ethylene-responsive element (ERE) within this region conferred ethylene-regulated expression upon a minimal cauliflower mosaic virus-35S TATA-box promoter in an orientation-independent manner. Gel electrophoresis mobility-shift assays and DNase I footprinting were used to identify proteins that bind to sequences within the ERE. Nuclear proteins from carnation petals were shown to specifically interact with the 126-bp ERE and the presence and binding of these proteins were independent of ethylene or petal senescence. DNase I footprinting defined DNA sequences between -510 and -488 within the ERE specifically protected by bound protein. An 8-bp sequence (ATTTCAAA) within the protected region shares significant homology with promoter sequences required for ethylene responsiveness from the tomato fruit-ripening E4 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1165.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itzhaki
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Maxson
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Woodson
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005030:Ethylenes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C036216:ethylene; D005982:Glutathione Transferase