title: Comparison of prophylactic angiotensin II versus ephedrine infusion for prevention of maternal hypotension during spinal anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to study the efficacy of ephedrine versus angiotensin II prophylactic infusions to counter maternal hypotension that occurs during spinal anesthesia at cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy pregnant women undergoing elective repeat cesarean delivery at term with spinal anesthesia were randomized either to a control group (n = 10) or to one of two prophylactic infusion groups: angiotensin II (n = 10) or ephedrine (n = 10). Prophylactic infusions were titrated to a maternal diastolic blood pressure 0 to 10 mm Hg above baseline. Maternal and fetal blood samples for angiotensin II levels and acid-base status were obtained. Student's t test, chi 2, and analysis of variance were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean arterial pressures were maintained after spinal anesthesia in the ephedrine and angiotensin II groups but decreased (p < 0.05) in the control group. Maternal angiotensin II levels rose with angiotensin II infusions but were unaltered in the other groups. Umbilical artery and vein angiotensin II levels were unaltered by angiotensin II infusions. Mean umbilical artery blood pH was lower (p < 0.05) in the ephedrine group than in the angiotensin II and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the healthy term fetus there is an advantage in using angiotensin II to maintain maternal blood pressure during regional anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9032.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ramin
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ramin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Magness
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Shearer
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Gant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D017604:Cesarean Section, Repeat; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D004809:Ephedrine