title: Management of renal tumors involving the inferior vena cava.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed our experience of the resection of renal tumors involving the inferior vena cava (IVC) from 1987 to 1992 with the hypothesis that retrohepatic IVC involvement of renal tumors can be managed without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and circulatory arrest with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed our experience of radical nephrectomies for renal tumors from 1987 to 1992 (n = 69). Of these, 13 had involvement of the IVC (19%). Three of the patients had right atrial extension requiring CPB with circulatory arrest. Three patients had retrohepatic involvement, and seven had infrahepatic involvement. All thirteen patients underwent operative removal of the tumor and tumor thrombus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with atrial extension who were treated with CPB and circulatory arrest had hospital and 1-year survival rates of 100% (three of three). The patients with retrohepatic extension treated without CPB and circulatory arrest had hospital and 1-year survival rates of 100% (three of three). The patients with infrahepatic extension treated without CPB and circulatory arrest had hospital and 1-year survival rates of 85% (six of seven) and 50% (three of six), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between groups. The hospital death occurred in a patient who had a massive pulmonary embolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation before operation. The deaths that occurred before 1 year were due to metastatic disease and unresectable disease at the time of operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPB with circulatory arrest is not required in patients with retrohepatic IVC extension of renal tumors, and aggressive resection can be performed in these patients with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Langenburg
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Blackbourne
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mauney
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Kron
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Tribble
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006338:Heart Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*