title: The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control.
abstract: The basal ganglia are neural structures within the motor and cognitive control circuits in the mammalian forebrain and are interconnected with the neocortex by multiple loops. Dysfunction in these parallel loops caused by damage to the striatum results in major defects in voluntary movement, exemplified in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. These parallel loops have a distributed modular architecture resembling local expert architectures of computational learning models. During sensorimotor learning, such distributed networks may be coordinated by widely spaced striatal interneurons that acquire response properties on the basis of experienced reward.
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Graybiel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aosaki
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D007395:Interneurons / Q000502:physiology*; D007858:Learning; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine