title: Transthoracic needle aspiration in the study of pulmonary infections in patients with HIV.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transthoracic aspiration with an ultrathin needle in the microbiologic diagnosis of pulmonary infections in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 500-bed teaching hospital in Lleida, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five HIV-infected patients admitted between March 1989 and March 1993 with clinical and roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary infection and without contraindications for transthoracic needle aspiration (TNA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven TNAs were performed in the emergency room (20) or during hospitalization (27). The TNA procedures were done without premedication and without fluoroscopic guidance. Specimens were processed using routine microbiologic and cytologic techniques; in addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Pneumocystis carinii was carried out since March 1992. Development of adverse effects was carefully evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TNA was effective in 29 (62 percent) out of 47 procedures. The diagnosis was obtained for 14 of 15 patients with P carinii pneumonia, 8 out of 14 patients with bacterial pneumonia, and 4 out of 12 patients with tuberculosis. Other pathogens recovered were Nocardia asteroides, Cryptococcus neoformans, Rhodococcus equi, and Mycobacterium avium. No false-positive results were obtained. Pneumothorax developed in eight (17 percent) procedures, but only one procedure resulted in a pleural drainage; the incidence of other adverse effects was low and clinically irrelevant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that TNA can be a useful technique in establishing the etiologic diagnosis of pulmonary infections in HIV-infected patients, with a good sensitivity, high specificity, and relatively low incidence of serious complications, with TNA appearing as a reliable alternative to more uncomfortable methods.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falguera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nogues
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz-González
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubio-Caballero
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013909:Thorax