title: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis B and C viral infections: from viruslike particles in the cryoprecipitate to viral localization in paramesangial deposits, problematic investigations prone to artifacts.
abstract: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is associated with hepatitis C virus infection predominantly in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Viral-like particles reported in cryoglobulins and in glomerular deposits may be artifacts; in situ identification of viral genome or antigens is required to establish validity of such observations. Although the precise role for hepatitis C virus in the pathogenesis of MPGN remains to be determined, recent evidence suggests that chronic infection with hepatitis C virus may stimulate the production of the monoclonal rheumatoid factor in type II cryoglobulins that are deposited in the glomerular lesions. Interferon-alpha now appears to be the drug of choice in treating MPGN associated with hepatitis C virus infection. The association of hepatitis B virus infection with MPGN has not been convincingly established nor has its role in the pathogenesis of MPGN been demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA 01805.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Pucillo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Agnello
mesh_terms: D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000382:microbiology*; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000382:microbiology*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000382:microbiology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans