title: c-Myc represses transcription in vivo by a novel mechanism dependent on the initiator element and Myc box II.
abstract: We show that c-Myc, in addition to activating transcription through E-box Myc binding sites (Ems), also represses transcription by a mechanism dependent on initiator (Inr) elements of the basal promoters of susceptible genes. Repression was first observed as a component of c-Myc biphasic regulation of the adenovirus-2 major late promoter (MLP), which contains both Inr and Ems sequences. Two differentiation-specific genes containing Inr, the C/EBP alpha and albumin genes, are repressed through their basal promoters by c-Myc, but are activated by the related B-HLH-LZ factor, USF. Repression requires both the B-HLH-LZ and Myc box II (MBII) domains. Significantly, a MBII deletion mutant which is deficient in repression, but transactivates normally, fails to cooperate with an activated ras gene to transform primary fibroblasts. Thus Myc-dependent transactivation is insufficient for Ras cooperation and the novel transcription repression function is implicated in Ras cooperation as well as the suppression of Inr-dependent genes.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, New York University Medical Center 10016.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nerlov
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ziff
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000418:Albumins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C497181:USF1 protein, human; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors; C497183:Usf1 protein, mouse; D008156:Luciferases