title: Pain in hospitalized patients with AIDS: analgesic and psychotropic medications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We undertook this study to evaluate the use of analgesic and psychotropic medication in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with pain and to determine whether our previous findings of a high prevalence of pain in patients with AIDS who were hospitalized could be replicated. Additional factors related to pain were evaluated, such as death during hospital stay, i.v. drug abuse, and length of hospital stay.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-nine medical charts randomly selected from 1 year of hospital admissions of patients with AIDS were reviewed in a systematic manner for pain, prescription of analgesic and psychotropic medication, patient demographics, and disease characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one percent of the charts reviewed had at least one note of nonprocedural pain. Sixty-eight percent of pain patients were prescribed a nonnarcotic (most commonly acetaminophen), and 44% a narcotic. Sixty-two percent of pain patients were prescribed a psychotropic medication. Patients with pain were significantly more likely to receive an analgesic as well as psychotropic medication, particularly a sedative-hypnotic, than patients without pain. Having pain was not significantly related to other factors such as i.v. drug abuse except for length of hospital stay. Most of the previous study findings were replicated with the notable exception of the rate of prescription of psychotropics as well as acetaminophen, which increased substantially in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although pain is a prevalent problem in hospitalized AIDS patients, narcotics as well as antidepressants appear to be underutilized. It is suggested that medical education regarding pain management in AIDS patients is an important first step in a more aggressive approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn 11203.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lebovits
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maignan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lefkowitz
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs