title: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus: prevalence, risk factors, and validity of Papanicolaou smears. New York Cervical Disease Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), the validity of Papanicolaou tests, and the associations between CIN and risk factors for cervical disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 398 HIV-seropositive and 357 HIV-seronegative women from two HIV-AIDS clinics, two sexually transmitted disease clinics, a methadone clinic, and a clinic for participants in an HIV heterosexual transmission study. Each woman was interviewed and underwent a cytologic and colposcopic evaluation, and was tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty (20%) of the 398 HIV-seropositive women compared to 15 (4%) of the 357 seronegative women had colposcopically confirmed CIN (odds ratio 5.7; P < .001). No invasive cancers were found. The sensitivity and specificity of Papanicolaou tests in seropositive women were 81 and 87%, respectively. By multiple logistic regression analysis using a model that included behavioral and biologic risk factors for CIN, CIN was independently associated with HPV infection (odds ratio 9.8), HIV infection (odds ratio 3.5), CD4+ T-lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/microL (odds ratio 2.7), and age greater than 34 years (odds ratio 2.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a common finding in HIV-infected women. However, the results of this study suggest that Papanicolaou tests should be effective for detecting cervical disease in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Ellerbrock
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chiasson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Devanter
authors.forename: X W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*