Lipoprotein compositional changes in the fasting and postprandial state on a high-carbohydrate low-fat and a high-fat diet in subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Our aims were 1) to examine the effects of a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet on fasting and postprandial plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apo), and lipoprotein composition in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and 2) to determine whether postprandial shift of apo between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLP) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) is affected by diet. A cross-over study, of 4 weeks duration, of a high-carbohydrate (60% carbohydrate, 20% fat) and a high-fat (40% carbohydrate, 40% fat) diet was performed in seven subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. TRLP, low density lipoproteins (LDL), and HDL were separated by fast protein liquid chromatography. The high-carbohydrate diet resulted in a decrease of fasting total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol and a trend toward an increase in plasma triglycerides. The apo composition of fasting TRLP and HDL was similar on both diets. TRLP apo CII, CIII, and E increased whereas HDL apo CII, CIII, and E decreased postprandially on both diets. In contrast, TRLP apo CI increased, and HDL apo CI decreased only after the high-carbohydrate diet. We conclude that 1) a high carbohydrate diet results in a decrease in total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and a trend toward an increase in plasma triglycerides; 2) fasting TRLP and HDL apo composition was similar on a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat diet; and 3) on both diets, apo CII, CIII, and E transfer from HDL to TRLP postprandially. However, only the high-carbohydrate diet induced postprandial transfer of apo CI from HDL to TRLP. This may explain in part the changes in lipoproteins observed with this diet.
O'Brien
T
T
Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
Nguyen
T T
TT
Buithieu
J
J
Kottke
B A
BA
D000368:Aged; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004435:Eating; D005215:Fasting; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D001053:Apolipoproteins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins