title: The relationship between cadmium and lead burdens and preterm labor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the possible involvement of lead and cadmium in mechanisms of preterm labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimations of lead and cadmium in blood, myometrium and placenta of Swedish and Polish women in preterm labor (n = 17) or delivered at term (n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a positive correlation between pregnancy week and content of lead in blood. The mean blood concentration of cadmium in preterm delivered women, 2.0 micrograms/l, was significantly higher than that in term delivered patients, 0.6 microgram/l. In Polish patients the concentration of lead in blood, 37.9 micrograms/l, was higher than that in Swedish women of 11.2 micrograms/l. Cadmium concentrations in myometrium and placenta of Polish women, 0.2 and 0.3 microgram/g, respectively, were also significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations in Swedish patients, 0.04 and 0.1 microgram/g and this difference remained when only nonsmokers were compared. Smokers and nonsmokers did not have significantly different cadmium levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results do not support the concept of lead causing increased myometrial activity in preterm labor, but indicate a higher uptake of lead and cadmium of Polish than of Swedish women. Further investigations are warranted to delineate the importance of the elevated concentration of cadmium in the blood of women with preterm labor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fagher
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laudanski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sipowicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akerlund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001822:Body Burden; D002104:Cadmium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead