title: Induction of murine T-helper-cell responses to the filarial nematode Brugia malayi.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the murine T-helper-cell (Th) cytokine response to the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi. In the first 14 days following intraperitoneal inoculation of live microfilariae into BALB/c mice, filarial antigen-driven splenic lymphoid cells produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and little or no interleukin-5 (IL-5). After this time, IL-5 production increased (to 10 to 12 ng per 5 x 10(6) cells) coincident with a marked diminution in IFN-gamma generation. A single subcutaneous immunization with soluble microfilarial antigens also induced an IFN-gamma but no IL-5 response, whereas immunization three times elicited a predominant Th2-like reaction characterized by IL-4 and IL-5 production by CD4+ lymph node lymphocytes and a 10-fold increase in serum immunoglobulin E. The importance of IL-10 in establishing the balance between parasite-specific Th1 and Th2 responses was demonstrated by the ability of neutralizing monoclonal antibody to this cytokine to increase IFN-gamma production by splenic and lymph node cells from mice chronically exposed to live microfilariae or immunized multiple times with soluble filarial antigens.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geographic Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4983.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pearlman
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Hazlett
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Boom
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kazura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D017178:Brugia malayi / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012995:Solubility; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015848:Interleukin-5; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma