title: Detection of soluble interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-10 in the serum of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Identification of a subset at high risk of treatment failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study explores the ability of the combined detection of soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2r) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) to predict treatment failure in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to evaluate the modifications in cytokine measurements induced by the therapeutic administration of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of sIL-2r and IL-10 were measured serially in 93 patients with newly diagnosed aggressive NHL treated with four courses of a multiagent chemotherapy regimen. GM-CSF was administered subcutaneously in 39 of these patients from day +5 to day +18 after each chemotherapy course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment levels of sIL-2r were greatly elevated in patients with NHL compared with control subjects (P < 0.001), significantly correlating with the Ann Arbor stage (P < 0.001) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) concentrations (r = 0.552, P = 0.004). IL-10 was detected in 37 patients at diagnosis, with no correlation with clinicohematologic parameters, and was not detected in the control sample (P < 0.001). Cytokine and receptor levels progressively declined to normal ranges in responding patients, whereas they remained elevated in nonresponders. During administration of GM-CSF, the authors observed an increase of sIL-2r, whereas lower elevations were recorded for IL-10. However, on completion of the induction treatment, cytokine/receptor levels were comparable in patients with the same type of response, whether or not they had received GM-CSF. In the five patients who were investigated at relapse, the levels of sIL-2r, beta 2-m, and lactic dehydrogenase were found to be elevated. IL-10 concentrations were high in three of these patients: two already had detectable levels at presentation, whereas one tested positive only on recurrence. No single parameter was associated with response to therapy, but the combination of elevated IL-10 and sIL-2r concentrations greater than 3000 U/ml resulted in a subset of eight patients who failed induction chemotherapy (P < 0.001). In addition, six of eight patients with high IL-10 and beta 2-m concentrations greater than 3.3 mg/l had an unfavorable outcome (P = 0.003). A multivariate regression model was used to identify sIL-2r (P = 0.004) and beta 2-m (P = 0.043) as the covariates that amplified the prognostic ability of IL-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sIL-2r and IL-10 measurements provide valuable information for better management of patients with NHL as markers to monitor disease activity and as prognostic indicators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stasi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zinzani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galieni
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Lauta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Damasio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dispensa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dammacco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tura
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor