title: Interaction of HIV-1 and human salivary mucins.
abstract: Previous studies have suggested that salivary secretions may act as inhibitors of HIV-1 replication in vitro. This inhibitory activity was determined to be associated mainly with secretions obtained from the human submandibular-sublingual glands, and subsequent electron micrographs revealed the association of viral particles with the salivary sediment. Fractionation of human submandibular-sublingual (HSMSL) saliva by size-exclusion chromatography was initiated, and resulting fractions were tested for their ability to modulate the replication of HIV-1 using a plaque assay on HeLa CD4+ cell monolayers. Results indicated that the filtration-sensitive inhibitory activity was primarily associated with the mucin-rich fractions, and the inhibitory activity was found to reduce the number of infectious units by 75%. To determine the identity of the salivary components involved, adsorption experiments involving the interaction of HIV particles with immobilized salivary components were performed. Immunological counter staining revealed an interaction of HIV particles as well as recombinant gp120 with the lower-molecular-weight mucin. Electron microscopic examination of the mucin-rich fractions-HIV incubates revealed the aggregation of virus particles by salivary components. These results suggest that human salivary mucins may have a role in modulating the infectivity of HIV-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bergey
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hammarskjöld
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rekosh
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000371:Agglutination; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008863:Microspheres; D009077:Mucins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014771:Virion / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins