title: Identification of second-trimester fetuses with autosomal trisomy by use of a sonographic scoring index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability to identify fetuses with autosomal trisomy by use of sonographic features in the form of a scoring system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of nuchal thickening, long-bone shortness, pyelectasis, hyperechoic bowel, choroid plexus cyst, and major anatomic defects was prospectively evaluated in 60 trisomic fetuses aged 14-21 weeks and 106 second-trimester control fetuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five fetuses had Down syndrome, 13 had trisomy 18, and two had trisomy 13. Based on previous criteria for short femur and humerus, pyelectasis, nuchal thickening, echogenic bowel, and choroid plexus cysts, a scoring system for detection of aneuploidy was developed. It enabled identification of 33 fetuses with Down syndrome (73%), 11 (85%) with trisomy 18, two (100%) with trisomy 13, and four control fetuses with abnormality (4%). The positive predictive value in patients in 1/250, 1/500, and 1/1,000 risk groups was 7.2%, 3.7%, and 1.9% for identification of a fetus with Down syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These sonographic markers seem to be sensitive for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Benacerraf
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bromley
mesh_terms: D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014314:Trisomy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*