title: Risk of recurrence of gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, and grade of Helicobacter pylori colonization. A long-term follow-up study of 25 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe here our observations on colonization of the gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori in a long-term follow-up of 25 patients with gastric ulcer (GU).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were followed-up endoscopically for more than 10 years (mean, 16 years) and endoscopically verified to have GU in the angular or corpus area of the stomach. None had received treatment with H2 blockers or omeprazole or had undergone any maintenance therapy or surgery. On the basis of the endoscopic findings on the activity of GU at follow-up endoscopies, the patients were divided into a group of subjects with 'low risk' of recurrence (15 patients who either had no (7 patients) or only a single recurrence (8 patients) at the first follow-up endoscopy but not thereafter) and into those with a 'high risk' of recurrence (10 patients who had at least 2 episodes of recurrence at follow-up endoscopies).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A severe bilateral (antrum and corpus) colonization of the gastric mucosa by H. pylori at the first re-examination (1-6 years after the initial diagnosis of GU) was the most important characteristic feature in the patients with high risk of recurrence as compared with those with low risk. In the course of the follow-up, colonization of the corpus mucosa by H. pylori remained rather unchanged in both high- and low-risk subjects but decreased in grade in antrum particularly in those with low risk (no bacteria at the last endoscopy in 13 of 16 low-risk patients and in 2 of 8 high-risk patients). In both low- and high-risk groups corpus gastritis developed progressively into atrophic gastritis (11 of 25 patients had severe corpus atrophy at the last endoscopy). On the other hand, antral gastritis showed a tendency to heal (13 of 24 patients had normal or only slightly gastric antrum at the last endoscopy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observations indicate that the H. pylori plays a role in and associates closely with the long-term course of angular or corpus GU disease and is related to the tendency of these ulcers to recur.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, Estonia.
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maaroos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kekki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vorobjova
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salupere
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sipponen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D005756:Gastritis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000209:etiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000503:physiopathology*