title: Binding of a bZip protein to the estrogen-inducible apoVLDL II promoter.
abstract: Activation of the very low density apolipoprotein II (apoVLDL II) gene in chicken liver by estrogen results in the binding of a variety of nuclear proteins including members of the steroid receptor superfamily and the bZip superfamily to the immediate 5' flanking region. In the present study, we have identified a bZip protein from chicken liver as one of the potential binding activities. Its cognate cDNA was cloned from an expression library using a recognition site DNA probe corresponding to part of the apoVLDL II promoter region. By footprinting and gel shift analysis with the recombinant protein from a prokaryotic expression system we have established that the protein binds to at least three different sites in the apoVLDLII promoter region. One of these sites partially overlaps with the major estrogen response element of the gene. Despite the proximity of their binding sites, the estrogen receptor and the bZip protein can bind simultaneously to the very region. Possible implications of this intimate arrangement of binding sites for the activation of the apoVLDL II promoter are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Smidt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wijnholds
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Snippe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Keulen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D030161:Avian Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D001665:Binding Sites; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D051790:G-Box Binding Factors; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D030161:Avian Proteins; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004967:Estrogens; D051790:G-Box Binding Factors; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C027610:apolipoprotein VLDL II; D004247:DNA