title: Beta adrenoreceptor subtype cross regulation in the human heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out in a prospective study whether beta 1 blocker treatment causes selective beta 2 adrenoreceptor sensitisation, and to find whether such sensitisation is confined to the heart.
  
  
  METHODS
  A placebo controlled cross over study of two weeks of selective beta 1 blocker treatment with 10 mg of bisoprolol daily.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three days after stopping the 10 mg of bisoprolol or placebo, subjects underwent treadmill exercise (to measure cardiac beta 1 receptor responsiveness) and were given salbutamol injections (to measure cardiac beta 2 receptor responsiveness). Secondary end points were the responses of serum potassium, glucose, and insulin to beta 2 stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in exercise induced increases in heart rate, but after treatment with bisoprolol the dose of salbutamol required to increase heart rate by 40 beats/min was 1.9 micrograms/kg compared with 2.9 micrograms/kg after placebo (p < 0.005). The fall in diastolic blood pressure was not significantly different on the two occasions. Hypokalaemia induced by salbutamol, but not hyperglycaemia or hyperinsulinaemia, was enhanced after bisoprolol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that treatment with a beta 1 blocker in vivo leads to sensitisation of cardiac beta 2 adrenoreceptors but not cardiac beta 1 adrenoreceptors or vascular beta 2 receptors. This previously unrecognised form of receptor cross sensitisation in the heart may noticeably diminish the efficacy of selective beta 1 blockade in preventing arrhythmias in patients with ischaemic heart disease. These findings reopen the question of which type of beta blocker is more appropriate for such patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000420:Albuterol / Q000494:pharmacology; D017298:Bisoprolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D000420:Albuterol; D017298:Bisoprolol