title: Abnormal T-cell subset proportions in vitamin-A-deficient children.
abstract: Although vitamin A deficiency in children seems to increase susceptibility to infection and community trials have shown that vitamin A supplementation can reduce childhood mortality from infectious diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms are largely unknown. We conducted a randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial among children in West Java, Indonesia, to determine whether vitamin A deficiency is associated with abnormalities in T-cell subsets and whether vitamin A supplementation affects T-cell subsets. We studied 55 children aged 3-6 years--30 with xerophthalmia and 25 without. Acutely malnourished children (< 80% of reference weight-for-height) were excluded. CD4/CD8 ratios and the proportions of circulating CD4 naive, CD4 memory, CD8, CD45RA, and CD8, CD45RO T-cell subsets were measured. Children with xerophthalmia had lower CD4/CD8 ratios (p < 0.08), lower proportions of CD4 naive T cells (p < 0.03), and higher proportions of CD8, CD45RO T cells (p < 0.04) than those without xerophthalmia. 26 children were given vitamin A supplementation (60 mg retinol equivalent) and 29 received placebo. 5 weeks later the vitamin A group had higher CD4/CD8 ratios (p < 0.001), higher proportions of CD4 naive T cells (p < 0.01), and lower proportions of CD8, CD45RO T cells (p < 0.05) than the placebo group. Vitamin-A-deficient children have underlying immune abnormalities in T-cell subsets and these abnormalities are reversible with vitamin A supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-9019.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Semba
authors.lastname: Muhilal
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natadisastra
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D014985:Xerophthalmia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A