title: Methadone maintenance in general practice: patients, workload, and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess recruitment to and work-load associated with methadone maintenance clinics in general practice; to investigate the characteristics of patients and outcomes associated with treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study of case notes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methadone maintenance clinics run jointly by general practitioners and drug counsellors in two practices in Glasgow.
  
  
  METHODS
  46 injecting drug users receiving methadone maintenance during an 18 month period, 31 of whom were recruited to clinic based methadone maintenance treatment and 15 of whom were already receiving methadone maintenance treatment from the general practitioners. Mean (SD) age of patients entering treatment was 29.6 (5.5) years; 29 were male. They had been injecting opiates for a mean 9.9 (5.1) years, and most had a concurrent history of benzodiazepine misuse. Average reported daily intake of heroin was approximately 0.75 g. Participants in treatment had high levels of preexisting morbidity, and most stated that they committed crime daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2232 patient weeks of treatment were studied. Mean duration of treatment during the study period was 50.7 (21.1) weeks and retention in treatment at 26 weeks was 83%. No evidence of illicit opiate use was obtained at an average of 78% of patients' consultations where methadone had been prescribed in the previous week; for opiate injection the corresponding figure was 86%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing methadone maintenance in general practice is feasible. Although costs are considerable, the reduction in drug use, especially of intravenous opiates, is encouraging. Attending clinics also allows this population, in which morbidity is considerable, to receive other health care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Lansdowne Clinic, Glasgow.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Ralston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003376:Counseling; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009294:Narcotics; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012008:Recurrence; D012606:Scotland; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016526:Workload
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D008691:Methadone