title: Comparison of the appropriateness of coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass graft surgery between Canada and New York State.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the appropriateness of coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) use between the United States and Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective randomized medical record review.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hospitals performing coronary angiography and/or CABG surgery in two Canadian provinces (Ontario and British Columbia); in New York State, 15 randomly selected hospitals that provide coronary angiography and 15 randomly selected hospitals that provide CABG surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were randomly selected. For coronary angiography, 533 patients in Canada and 1333 patients in New York were selected; for CABG, 556 patients in Canada and 1336 patients in New York were selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percentage of patients in each country who had coronary angiography or CABG for necessary, appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate indications as rated by criteria developed separately in each country and the complications of those procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For coronary angiography, 9% of Canadian cases and 10% of New York cases were rated inappropriate using Canadian criteria compared with 5% and 4%, respectively, using US criteria. For CABG, 4% of Canadian cases and 6% of New York cases were rated inappropriate by Canadian criteria compared with 3% and 2%, respectively, using US criteria. A lower proportion of procedures were performed on persons aged 75 years or older in Canada than in New York for both coronary angiography (5% vs 11%; P < .001) and CABG (6% vs 14%; P < .001). Women were also represented in lower proportions among angiography cases in Canada than in New York (28% vs 35%; P = .023). Canadian patients with left main coronary disease waited significantly longer between angiography and CABG than did New York patients (P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rates of inappropriate use of cardiac procedures were low in Canada and New York, which suggests that the regionalization of cardiac procedures that characterizes both health care systems contributes to better clinical decision making. Differences in the use of cardiac procedures among the elderly in the two countries merits further comparative examination.
authors.affiliation: RAND, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: McGlynn
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Naylor
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Leape
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Hilborne
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Keesey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001955:British Columbia; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York; D009864:Ontario; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*