title: Leukemoid reaction: a rare paraneoplastic syndrome associated with advanced bladder carcinoma.
abstract: We report a case of leukemoid reaction associated with tumor recurrence and rapid progression in a patient following resection of a high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The clinical, pathologic, and etiologic features of tumor-associated leukemoid reactions are emphasized. In the setting of recurrent carcinoma, a leukemoid reaction suggests highly aggressive or metastatic disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sarver
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Drach
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007955:Leukemoid Reaction / Q000209:etiology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery