title: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy: multi-institutional analysis.
abstract: Modified unilateral laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was attempted in 20 patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer. The procedure was completed in 18 men at a median operative length of 6 hours. Median estimated blood loss was 250 cc and median number of lymph nodes removed was 14.5. Nodal disease spread was noted in 3 of 18 patients (17%). Most patients were hospitalized for 3 days or less and had returned to normal activity levels within 2 to 3 weeks. Antegrade ejaculation was preserved in all 20 patients. Significant complications occurred in 6 of 20 patients (30%), with bleeding being the most common adverse event encountered. In 2 patients an abdominal incision and completion of the procedure by open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection were required due to significant bleeding following injury to the gonadal vessels. With a median followup of 10 months (range 2 to 25), 2 men had pulmonary disease recurrence and none had abdominal recurrence. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection can be completed successfully in patients with stage I testicular cancer and may be most appropriate in those with limited risk of metastatic disease spread. The morbidity may be largely attributed to a steep learning curve. The efficacy of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection compared with standard techniques and determination of its role in patients with testicular cancer will require longer followup in larger groups of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Bissada
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hulbert
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kavoussi
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kantoff
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rukstalis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*