title: Enhancing effect of O6-alkylguanine derivatives on chloroethylnitrosourea cytotoxicity toward tumor cells.
abstract: O6-Alkylguanine derivatives are well known as chemical modulators of the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Depletion of the enzyme by these derivatives leads to increase sensitivity of tumor cells to chloroethylnitrosoureas. We tested the effect of O6-methylguanine, O6-benzylguanine, O6-(p-methylbenzyl)guanine, O6-(p-chlorobenzyl)guanine, O6-(p-methoxybenzyl)guanine, O6-methylhypoxanthine and O6-benzylhypoxanthine on the sensitivity of tumor cell lines to 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3- nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) using a colorimetric cytotoxicity assay. The sensitivity of MGMT-proficient tumor cells including HeLA S3, C6-1, C6-2/ACNU, U-138 MG and U-373 MG cells was greatly enhanced by 2 hr pretreatment of 10-100 microM O6-benzylguanine, O6-(p-methylbenzyl)guanine and O6-(p-chlorobenzyl)guanine, but not by O6-methylguanine or O6-methylhypoxanthine. O6-(p-methylbenzyl)guanine moderately sensitized the 2 cell lines, HeLa S3 and C6-1, tested in our study to ACNU cytotoxicity. O6-Benzylhypoxanthine at the high concentration (100 microM) sensitized, to some extent, 3 MGMT-proficient cell lines. Lesser degrees of enhancement by the O6-benzylguanine derivatives were noted in MGMT-deficient tumor cells. Biological effects of O6-alkylguanine derivatives on enhancing ACNU cytotoxicity of tumor cells suggest that the exocyclic 2-amino and O6-benzyl groups in O6-benzylguanine skeleton are both essential for the inhibition of MGMT activity.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Service, Akita University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mineura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikenaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006147:Guanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015376:Nimustine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C064976:O(6)-benzylguanine; D015376:Nimustine; D006147:Guanine; C008449:O-(6)-methylguanine