title: Intrathecal baclofen application in patients with supraspinal spasticity secondary to severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Intrathecal application of baclofen is considered the treatment of choice in patients suffering from spinal spasticity insufficiently responding to conventional oral antispastic medication. This approach has also been used successfully in cases with spasticity of supraspinal origin. To achieve a good therapeutic response in the latter condition the amount of intrathecal baclofen has to be approximately twice the dosage required in spinal spasticity. We report on 8 patients suffering from supraspinal spasticity due to severe traumatic brain injury. Intrathecal baclofen reduced spasticity in all patients (mean Ashworth Score from 3.9 to 1.6; mean Reflex Score from 4.0 to 1.4). In some cases improvement of motor performance and in one case recovery of bladder function were noted. In two patients focal epileptic seizures with secondary generalization seemed to be associated with the application of baclofen. The local intrathecal application of baclofen has proven to be an effective therapy in otherwise intractable cases of severe supraspinal spasticity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Centro per lo Studio ed il Trattamento dei Neurolesi Lungodegenti, University Hospital, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rifici
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kronenberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bramanti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saltuari
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001418:Baclofen