title: Phosphatidylcholines as mediators of adaptive cytoprotection of the rat duodenum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surfactant phospholipids impede diffusion of acid through the gastric mucus, but their relevance in the defense of the duodenum against luminal acid is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Duodenal resistance to acid was tested in anesthetized rats by instillation of HCl using a tube implanted in the proximal duodenum. The effects of a detergent (Brij 35; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and a lipid mixture flushed through the luminal surface on duodenal resistance to acid were studied. The lipid content in the mucus and the effects of acid, prostaglandins, and indomethacin on the lipid layer were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Instillation of 100 mumol HCl or 5 micrograms/kg 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 increased resistance to acid, preventing duodenal lesions induced by 500 mumol HCl. However, 100 mumol HCl or 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 did not prevent lesions induced by 500 mumol HCl in rats undergoing perfusions with 5% Brij 35. Indomethacin suppressed acid-induced protection. A mixture of tripalmitin and dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine protected against 500 mumol HCl, and the effect was also observed in rats receiving indomethacin. Finally, 100 mumol HCl increased the phosphatidylcholine content in the duodenal mucus but not in rats receiving 5% Brij 35 or indomethacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surface-active phospholipids are critical for adaptive cytoprotection to acid in the rat duodenum.
authors.affiliation: Digestive System Research Unit, Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lugea
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mourelle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guarner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Malagelada
mesh_terms: D015064:16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000502:physiology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010743:Phospholipids; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D015064:16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D007213:Indomethacin