title: Protection against cyanide poisoning by the co-administration of sodium nitrite and hydroxylamine in rats.
abstract: 1. The protectiveness of combined treatment with sodium nitrite (SN) and hydroxylamine (HA) in cyanide intoxication was investigated in male rats. 2. Pretreatment with equimolar dose of SN or HA produced a significant protection against cyanide poisoning as shown by the protection index (LD50 of cyanide in protected rats/LD50 of cyanide in saline-treated rats). 3. The co-administration of SN and HA as a split dose produced an optimal and sustained methaemoglobinaemia. 4. Pretreatment with combined SN and HA administration at different time intervals offered sustained protection against cyanide and resultant cytochrome oxidase inhibition. 5. Adjunction of sodium thiosulphate (STS) in the SN+HA regimen further augmented the protection against cyanide poisoning. 6. The results suggest that pretreatment with SN+HA co-administration could significantly reduce the toxic manifestation of cyanide.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jeevaratnam
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das Gupta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D019811:Hydroxylamine; D006898:Hydroxylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008706:Methemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D011041:Poisoning / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000506:poisoning*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012977:Sodium Nitrite / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D006898:Hydroxylamines; D019811:Hydroxylamine; D008706:Methemoglobin; D012977:Sodium Nitrite; D011190:Potassium Cyanide