title: The relationship of prenatal care and pregnancy complications to birthweight in Winnipeg, Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prenatal care is commonly understood to have a beneficial impact on birthweight. This study describes socioeconomic differences in utilization of prenatal medical care and birthweight in a population with universal health insurance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures of prenatal care utilization, incidence of pregnancy complications, and birthweight were obtained from physician reimbursement claims and hospital separation abstracts for 12,646 pregnant women. Maternal socioeconomic status was derived from small-area census data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants born to women in the poorest income quintile had lower birthweights than infants born to wealthier women. Much of the difference was associated with a higher prevalence of complications, smoking, unmarried status, and inadequate prenatal care among low-income women. The difference in birthweight between adequate and less than adequate care groups was small, and the benefit associated with prenatal care was no greater among women with pregnancy complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lower utilization of prenatal care by poorer women accounted for a small proportion of the difference in birthweight. Socioeconomic differences in birthweight are primarily attributable to factors not directly influenced by early prenatal medical care.
authors.affiliation: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and Evaluation, Department of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mustard
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Roos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007354:Insurance, Major Medical; D008350:Manitoba / Q000453:epidemiology; D008393:Marriage; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors