title: Effects of continued androgen-deprivation therapy and other prognostic factors on response and survival in phase II chemotherapy trials for hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of prognostic factors, including continued (orchiectomy) versus discontinued androgen-suppression (nonorchiectomy) therapy, on chemotherapy response and survival of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of five consecutive Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) phase II chemotherapy trials was undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred five hormone-refractory patients were evaluated. Eighty-four percent had been orchiectomized. The median survival durations for the nonorchiectomy and orchiectomy patients were 6 and 7 months, respectively (P = .73). In a univariate analysis, orchiectomy patients had a significantly longer median time from diagnosis to first hormone therapy (1.1 v 0.1 years, P = .003), were more likely to have had chemotherapy initiated > or = 2 years from diagnosis (75% v 56%, P = .03), had a lower incidence of liver metastases (16% v 30%, P = .05), and had lower likelihood of being black (8% v 18%, P = .05) when compared with the nonorchiectomy group. Orchiectomy patients had a marginally significant longer median time from initial hormone treatment, more prior endocrine manipulations, lower median baseline alkaline phosphatase levels, and a lower likelihood of response to chemotherapy when compared with the nonorchiectomy group. Absence of liver metastases (P = .004), hemoglobin level > or = 10 g/dL (P < .001), acid phosphatase level > or = 1.2 IU/L (P = .05), response to chemotherapy (P = .001), and > or = 2 years from initial hormone treatment (P = .01) are important factors for survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study failed to show obvious advantages in response to chemotherapy or survival for patients with continued gonadal suppression. A prospective randomized trial is suggested to evaluate the effect of this factor on progression-free and overall survival of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer receiving chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Administration Medical Center, Allen Park, MI.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eisenberger
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006454:Hemoglobins; D000135:Acid Phosphatase