title: Modulation of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation in the rat knee joint by sympathetic co-transmitters.
abstract: We describe the contribution of various sympathetic post-ganglionic neuron mediators to bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation in the knee joint of the rat. Co-perfusion of the sympathetic post-ganglionic neuron mediators, norepinephrine or neuropeptide Y with bradykinin resulted in diminished plasma extravasation. In contrast, the putative sympathetic post-ganglionic neuron mediators of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation, namely prostaglandin E2, ATP, the selective adenosine A2-receptor agonist, CGS21680 or the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (as its precursor L-arginine) all greatly enhanced bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation, but produced little or no increase in plasma extravasation administered alone. The data show that sympathetic post-ganglionic neuron-derived mediators may either inhibit or enhance plasma extravasation induced by bradykinin, and we hypothesize that differential release of mediators from the sympathetic post-ganglionic neuron terminal, in response to varying stimuli, regulates local plasma extravasation during inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000494:pharmacology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016627:Oxidopamine; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013563:Sympathectomy, Chemical; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010627:Phenethylamines; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; D016627:Oxidopamine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D001120:Arginine; D000241:Adenosine; D015232:Dinoprostone; D001920:Bradykinin; D009638:Norepinephrine