title: Inactivation of free and cell-associated human immunodeficiency virus in platelet suspensions by aminomethyltrimethylpsoralen and ultraviolet light.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has previously been reported that 40 micrograms per mL of aminomethyltrimethylpsoralen (AMT) plus 2.4 to 7.2 J per cm2 of ultraviolet A (UVA) light inactivated 4 to 6 log10 of several model viruses in platelet suspensions. This inactivation was achieved while satisfactory levels of platelet count, pH, morphology, aggregation, and hemostatic effectiveness were maintained.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy of this procedure for inactivating free and intracellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including integrated proviral sequences, was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kinetics of inactivation for free HIV (4-5 log10 kill with 1.2-4.8 J/cm2) were similar to those obtained for the previously studied viruses. For studies on cell-associated virus, H9 cells productively infected with HIV were added to platelet suspensions and treated with the above regimen of AMT and UVA. The phototreated cells were then cocultivated with uninfected H9 cells for 4 weeks and supernatants were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV p24. No evidence of HIV replication was detectable for cells receiving as little as 2.4 J per cm2 of UVA irradiation in the presence of AMT. Further, it has been demonstrated that stably integrated sequences from the HIV proviral env gene can no longer be amplified by polymerase chain reaction after 1.2 J per cm2 of UVA (with 40 micrograms/mL AMT) exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that AMT and UVA is an effective antiviral treatment for free and cell-associated HIV in platelet suspensions.
authors.affiliation: Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Benade
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shumaker
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Dodd
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000382:microbiology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010777:Photochemistry; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011533:Proviruses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D012845:Sindbis Virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014307:Trioxsalen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; C018822:aminomethyltrioxsalen; D014307:Trioxsalen