title: Evaluation of the costs to Medicare of covering therapeutic shoes for diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A three-year demonstration was fielded in three states to evaluate the cost to Medicare of a therapeutic shoes benefit for Medicare Part B beneficiaries with severe diabetic foot disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible Medicare beneficiaries who applied were randomly assigned to either a treatment group that received the extra therapeutic shoe coverage or a control group that received only standard Medicare coverage. This study analyzes the Medicare payments and service use of 3,428 demonstration participants in California, Florida, and New York for whom data on a 12-month follow-up period were available. These results are comparable to those for the entire sample over a variable length follow-up period that averaged 20 months but ranged from 3 months to 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences between groups are not statistically significant. However, Medicare payments for all services among the treatment group were $451 (3.8%) higher than those for all services among the control group. Similarly, Medicare payments for foot-care services were $318 (14.6%) higher among beneficiaries in the treatment group, which considerably exceeded the cost of the shoe benefit ($118).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The demonstration produced no definitive evidence that expanding Medicare Part B to cover therapeutic shoes for beneficiaries with severe diabetic foot disease would increase total Medicare costs. However, our findings indicate that the demonstration was successful at increasing therapeutic shoe ownership and was instrumental in increasing beneficiaries' use of the shoes when walking outdoors.
authors.affiliation: Mathematica Policy Research, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-2393.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wooldridge
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics*; D011336:Probability; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012775:Shoes / Q000191:economics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States