title: Effects of concomitant nicotinic and muscarinic blockade on spatial memory disturbance in rats are purely additive: evidence from the Morris water task.
abstract: This study reexamined the role played by a concurrent manipulation of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors on performance of rats in the Morris water maze. A series of experiments was performed to test decreasing doses of scopolamine, a muscarinic ACh blocker, given concurrently with a fixed dose level of mecamylamine, a nicotinic ACh blocker, down to a subthreshold combination. Both substances were also tested separately. Data were analyzed to distinguish between a summative and a greater than additive (synergistic) effect of the two blocking agents. Our results fully support the important role played by ACh systems on cognitive functions and also show the substantial functional independence of the two ACh receptors in regulating spatial learning processes. In fact, data analysis did not reveal any significant interaction between the two ACh receptor blockers other than their additive effect: the hypothesis of a reciprocal modulation between the two ACh receptors, raised by some authors, cannot be supported for spatial learning mechanisms, at least with regard to the Morris water maze paradigm.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research on Senescence, Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cozzolino
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guaraldi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ghirardi
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ramacci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Angelucci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008464:Mecamylamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects*; D009949:Orientation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects*; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D008464:Mecamylamine; D012601:Scopolamine