title: An integrated approach to the interpretation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
abstract: This article demonstrates how the impressive amount of information obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing can be reasonably managed and meaningfully applied in the clinical decision-making process. An integrative approach is highlighted that emphasizes patterns of abnormalities and limitations to exercise so that reliance on single measurements is reduced. Illustrative case studies demonstrate the integrative method to the interpretation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing that may be used routinely in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Investigation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Weisman
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zeballos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests