title: Effects of alcohol intake and obesity on serum liver enzyme activity in obese men with mild hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships between alcohol intake, obesity, plasma insulin concentration and serum activities of three liver enzymes in obese men with mild hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-week run-in period followed by randomization to either diet treatment or antihypertensive drug treatment, lasting for 1 year. Alcohol intake was estimated using questionnaires. Plasma insulin concentration, serum activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase, and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, respectively, were measured at entry and after 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out-patient clinic, city hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four men aged 40-69 years with a body mass index > or = 26 kg m-1 and with mild untreated hypertension. Exclusion criteria were alcoholism and diabetes mellitus. Sixty-one patients completed the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary treatment was based upon weight reduction and recommendations about a low alcohol intake. Drug treatment used a stepped-care approach with atenolol as the first-choice drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum activities of the liver enzymes, body weight, body mass index, alcohol intake, plasma insulin concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weight decreased by 7.8 kg in the diet group and increased by 1.0 kg in the drug-treated group. Alcohol intake did not differ between the groups before or after 1 year. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity correlated with alcohol consumption; it showed no significant change after weight loss. At entry, serum activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases correlated to plasma insulin concentration independent of body mass index. Weight reduction significantly lowered serum activities of these liver enzymes as well as plasma insulin concentrations and normalized elevated serum activity of alanine aminotransferase in a majority of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol intake was an important determinant for elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity. The degree of obesity was a contributing factor for elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase activity. We speculate that insulin may play a role in this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Sahlgren's Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fagerberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lindstedt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000628:therapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000628:therapy; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007328:Insulin; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase