title: A phylogenetic survey of pancreastatin and chromogranin immunoreactivity in chromaffin (TH-, DBH-, and PNMT-immunoreactive) cells of the adrenal organ of vertebrates.
abstract: Region-specific antisera raised against different amino acid sequences of pancreastatin (Pst) (Pst-1-6, Pst-1-17, Pst-14-49 and Pst-33-49) and two antisera towards chromogranin (Cg) A and CgA/B were applied in immunofluorescence to examine the occurrence and distribution of Pst-immunoreactive (-IR) and Cg-IR cells in adrenal organs of several mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibia, and bony fish. The catecholamine-containing cells were identified using antisera against enzymes of catecholamine synthesis (tyrosine-hydroxylase, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase). No animal showed any Pst-IR or Cg-IR cells in the adrenal cortex or in its homolog, the interrenal. All antisera reacted with chromaffin cells in porcine adrenal medulla. Both adrenaline (A)- and noradrenaline (NA)-containing cells displayed Pst- and Cg-immunoreactivity. Pst- and CgA-immunoreactivities were observed in coexistence using double immunofluorescence. However, strongly reacting Pst-IR cells showed only low CgA immunoreactivity and vice versa. This inverse relationship between Pst- and CgA-immunoreactivities might reflect different levels of processing of the likely Pst-precursor CgA. In all nonmammalian vertebrates studied, Pst- and Cg-immunoreactivities were also found in both A- and NA-containing adrenal cells. However, the chromaffin cells reacted only with the antisera Pst-1-6, Pst-1-17, Pst-33-49, and CgAB. The adrenal chromaffin cells of nonmammalian vertebrates appear to contain Pst-/Cg-like peptides akin to those of the enteroendocrine cells but different from those of their endocrine pancreas. Since no immunoreactions were obtained with antiserum CgA, nonmammalian Pst may be derived from a precursor different from mammalian CgA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maake
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D002025:Bufonidae; D002838:Chromaffin System / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003370:Coturnix; D003530:Cyprinidae; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005399:Fishes; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008116:Lizards; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010625:Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010802:Phylogeny; D011898:Ranidae; D051381:Rats; D013552:Swine; D016707:Tissue Fixation; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones; C050836:pancreastatin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; D010625:Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase