title: Is esmolol cardioprotective? Tolerance of pacing tachycardia, acute afterloading and hemodilution in dogs with coronary stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether esmolol, an ultrashort-acting beta-adrenergic antagonist, possesses cardioprotective properties unrelated to a concomitant decrease in heart rate.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents with unchanged heart rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of esmolol (100 micrograms/kg per min) on the response of global cardiovascular and regional myocardial contractile function (sonomicrometry) to pacing-induced tachycardia and acute left ventricular afterloading was assessed in dogs with a critical stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). These responses were observed at the baseline hemoglobin level (12.5 +/- 0.3 g/100 ml) as well as after hemodilution-induced mild regional contractile dysfunction (7.4 +/- 0.4 g/100 ml) in the area supplied by this artery (LAD area). Data were analyzed by using a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance with complete block design treating pacing rate and afterloading, respectively, as the repeated measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Esmolol decreased the maximal first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax); global cardiovascular and regional myocardial contractile function were otherwise unchanged. Esmolol did not alter the response of global cardiovascular or regional myocardial function to pacing-induced tachycardia or to acute left ventricular afterloading, both at the baseline hemoglobin level as well as during mild hemodilution-induced LAD area contractile dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At an infusion rate of 100 micrograms/kg per min we were unable to demonstrate cardioprotective esmolol effects in a canine model of critical coronary stenosis with controlled heart rate and identical loading conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Spahn
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Frasco
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: McRae
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Leone
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006438:Hemodilution; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011412:Propanolamines; C036604:esmolol