title: Intermittent intravenous treatment of lupus nephritis with cyclophosphamide: a four-year experience with twenty-four patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus commonly leads to renal failure and death. We conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of intermittent intravenous treatment with cyclophosphamide of patients with lupus nephritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with lupus nephritis were recruited at Tri-Service General Hospital from 1988 to 1992. Cyclophosphamide was administered intravenously monthly for three months, and then every three months. 24-hour urinary protein, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, C3 and C4 levels, serum albumin, hemoglobin, and dosage of prednisolone were recorded before each treatment. During treatment, the side effects were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients progressed to renal failure within one year and one patient after three years. Fifteen patients completed therapy for one year. Among these 15 patients, the levels of hemoglobin, serum albumin, and C3 significantly increased at six months, then became stable; the level of C4 increased at 12 months. In contrast, the dosage of prednisolone decreased significantly at six months. There was no significant difference of creatinine clearance, 24-hour urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen before and after treatment. The most common side effects were nausea and vomiting. No severe side effect necessitated discontinuing therapy with cyclophosphamide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermittent intravenous therapy in lupus nephritis with cyclophosphamide can significantly increase levels of hemoglobin, serum albumin, C3 and C4, and keep renal function stable. Poor response was found in a subset of patients. The side effects were mild in the present study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide