title: Inhibitory effects of lysine analogues on t-PA induced whole blood clot lysis.
abstract: The lysine analogues epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and trans-4-amino-methyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid (AMCA) are used to prevent excessive bleeding in patients with coagulopathies, such as hemophilia and thrombocytopenia, or in those who have received tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). However, their relative efficacy in inhibiting lysis of clots that have been formed in the presence of exogenous t-PA or that have been formed and then exposed to exogenous t-PA has not been well characterized. The present study utilized blood from normal volunteers and 125I-fibrinogen in a dilute whole blood clot assay to determine the relative concentrations of lysine analogues required for inhibition of clot lysis induced by exogenous t-PA. AMCA (0.06 mM) and EACA (0.6 mM) were effective in prolonging clot lysis if (1) whole blood clots were formed and then exposed to a lysine analogue and exogenous t-PA or if (2) whole blood clots were formed in the presence of exogenous t-PA and a lysine analogue. However, their inhibitory effect was markedly reduced if clots were formed in the presence of t-PA and then exposed to either of the lysine analogues. The analogues did not inhibit the initial binding of t-PA to fibrin. They did inhibit binding of plasminogen to fibrin as well as the activation of plasminogen by t-PA in the absence of fibrin. The data suggest that lysine analogues, even at low concentrations, reduce the rate of t-PA induced whole blood clot lysis by several mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krishnamurti
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Vukelja
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Alving
mesh_terms: D015119:Aminocaproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D012016:Reference Values; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D015119:Aminocaproic Acid