title: Noradrenergic-nitrergic interactions in the rat anococcygeus muscle: evidence for postjunctional modulation by nitric oxide.
abstract: 1. The distribution of NADPH-diaphorase positive and catecholamine-containing nerve structures, and functional noradrenergic-nitrergic interactions, were studied in the rat anococcygeus muscle. 2. The morphological findings demonstrated NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons mostly as aggregates in intramural ganglia, nerve tracts and few single nerve fibres forming plexus-like structures. 3. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) inhibited concentration-dependently the nitrergic relaxation, an effect reversed by L-arginine. The drug had dual effects on noradrenergic contractile responses: at lower concentrations (0.1-10 microM) it decreased the amplitude of contractions and this was not affected by L-arginine; higher concentrations (50-500 microM) potentiated the contractions, an effect that was prevented by L-arginine. 4. The electron acceptor, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) produced a rapid inhibition of the noradrenergic contractile responses (EC50 0.178 +/- 0.041 microM). The drug decreased the tone of the preparations. However, it potentiated concentration-dependently the nitrergic relaxations. 5. NBT (1 microM) had no significant effect on the relaxations induced by exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO)-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.01-50 microM). However, the effect of NBT (0.1-10 microM) on the electrically induced relaxation was significantly decreased by L-NOARG (10 and 50 microM). The inhibition was of a non-competitive type. 6. Neither L-NOARG (100 microM) nor NBT (1 microM) had any effect on the spontaneous or electrically-induced release of 3H-radioactivity from the tissues preincubated in [3H]-noradrenaline. 7. It is concluded that L-arginine-NO pathway can modulate noradrenergic transmission in the rat anococcygeus muscle at postjunctional, but not prejunctional site(s).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kasakov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vlaskovska
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burnstock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D009638:Norepinephrine