title: The expression pattern of the chicken homeobox-containing gene GHox-7 in developing polydactylous limb buds suggests its involvement in apical ectodermal ridge-directed outgrowth of limb mesoderm and in programmed cell death.
abstract: The limb buds of the polydactylous mutant embryos, talpid2 and diplopodia-5, possess expanded distal apexes surmounted by prolongated thickened apical ectodermal ridges that promote the outgrowth and formation of digits from both the anterior and posterior mesoderm of the mutant limb buds. The chicken homeobox-containing gene GHox-7 exhibits an expanded domain of expression throughout the expanded subridge mesoderm of the mutant limb buds, providing support for the hypothesis that GHox-7 expression by subridge mesenchymal cells is involved in the outgrowth-promoting effect of the apical ectodermal ridge. During normal limb development GHox-7 is also expressed by the mesoderm in the proximal anterior nonchondrogenic periphery of the limb bud, which includes, but is not limited to the anterior necrotic zone. GHox-7 is also expressed in the posterior necrotic zone at the mid-proximal posterior edge of the limb bud. In contrast, GHox-7 is not expressed in either the proximal anterior or posterior peripheral mesoderm of talpid2 and diplopodia-5 limb buds which lack proximal anterior and posterior necrotic zones. Furthermore, retinoic acid-coated bead implants, which diminish cell death in the anterior necrotic zone, elicit a local inhibition of GHox-7 expression in the proximal anterior peripheral mesoderm. These results support the suggestion that GHox-7 may be involved in defining regions of programmed cell death during limb development. Furthermore, these studies indicate that the distal subridge and proximal anterior nonchondrogenic mesodermal domains of GHox-7 expression are independently regulated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Upholt
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kosher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D030161:Avian Proteins; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005801:Genes, Homeobox / Q000187:drug effects; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008863:Microspheres; D009154:Mutation; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; C071559:Hbox 7 protein, Gallus gallus; D014212:Tretinoin