title: Pentoxifylline at clinically achievable levels inhibits FMLP-induced neutrophil responses, but not priming, upregulation of cell-adhesion molecules, or migration induced by GM-CSF.
abstract: Pentoxifylline (PTX) administered after bone-marrow transplantation reduces procedure-related organ damage mediated by TNF alpha. GM-CSF is also given post-transplant to stimulate earlier neutrophil recovery. Because PTX has been shown to inhibit neutrophil function, we sought to determine whether it also inhibited the effects of GM-CSF on neutrophil activity. The study confirmed that PTX at clinically achievable concentration (5-10 mumol/l) attenuated the responses of human neutrophils to chemotactic peptide, whereas it did not inhibit the effect of GM-CSF on neutrophil function even at high concentrations. In experiments with human neutrophils, neither the direct effects of GM-CSF such as stimulation of migration and increased expression of CD11b, nor the priming effects of GM-CSF on the respiratory burst, were inhibited by PTX. In experiments with monkeys, intravenous administration of PTX did not block subsequent GM-CSF-induced neutrophil CD11b upregulation or phagocyte margination, even when near millimolar plasma levels of pentoxifylline were obtained. The retention of cytokine-stimulated activities suggests that PTX will not compromise the response of neutrophils to stimuli from infectious foci.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University College and Middlesex Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khwaja
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pizzey
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Carver
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Addison
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Linch
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D018845:CD11 Antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D012685:Sepharose; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018845:CD11 Antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D012685:Sepharose; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010431:Pentoxifylline