title: The use of cranial electrotherapy stimulation in the treatment of closed-head-injured patients.
abstract: This double-blind study sought to discover if cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES), which is a known treatment of depression, anxiety and insomnia in non-head-injured patients, could be an effective, drug-free treatment of stress-related symptoms in the closed-head-injured (CHI) patient. In this study 10 CHI patients treated for 45 min daily, 4 days a week for 3 weeks, responded significantly on all negative mood factors of the Profile Of Mood States, while five sham-treated and six placebo controls did not. While the majority of the patients were known seizure cases, no patient suffered a seizure during CES therapy. No placebo effects were found, nor were any negative effects from CES treatment seen.
authors.affiliation: Science and Clinical Services, MedTec 2000, Inc, Fort Worth, Texas.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiberi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010555:Personality Inventory