title: Activity, milk intake and energy consumption in free-living ringed seal (Phoca hispida) pups.
abstract: Measurements of growth, activity and energy consumption and estimates of milk intake were made in free-living, nursing ringed seal (Phoca hispida) pups. This was accomplished through the simultaneous use of time-depth recorders and the doubly labelled water technique. The pups spent an average of 52 +/- 7% of their time hauled out on the ice, 37 +/- 5% of the time in the water at the surface, and 11 +/- 5% of the time diving. Average daily mass gain of the pups (n=3) throughout the duration of the study period was 0.35 +/- 0.08 kg. The composition of the mass gain was 76% fat, 6% protein, and 18% water. The total water flux was measured to be 52 +/- 10 ml.kg-1.day-1. Average CO2 production was 0.85 +/- 0.16 ml.g-1.h-1, corresponding to a field metabolic rate of 0.55 +/- 0.10 MJ.kg-1.day-1, or 3.8 +/- 0.6 times the predicted basal metabolic rate based on body size (Kleiber 1975). Average daily milk intake was estimated to be 1379 +/- 390 ml. The field metabolic rate for the different components of seal pup activity budgets were calculated to be FMRhaul out = 1.34 BMR, FMRsurface = 6.44 BMR, and FMRdiving = 5.88 BMR.
authors.affiliation: University of Oslo, Department of Biology, Norway.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lydersen
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hammill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008892:Milk; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D046048:Seals, Earless / Q000502:physiology*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide