title: Carotid-subclavian bypass: a twenty-two-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective review of 124 patients who underwent carotid-subclavian bypass from 1968 to 1990 was done to assess primary patency and symptom resolution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative data included age, atherosclerosis risk factors, and indications for surgery. Perioperative data included mortality and morbidity rates and graft conduit. Postoperative follow-up assessed graft patency, resolution of symptoms, and late survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age ranged from 42 to 78 years (mean 57.9). Indications for surgery were vertebrobasilar insufficiency in 24 (19%), extremity ischemia (EI) in 33 (27%), transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in 13 (11%), both vertebrobasilar insufficiency and EI in 31 (25%), and both TIAs and EI in 23 (18%) patients. Graft conduits were polytetrafluoroethylene in 44 (35%) and Dacron in 80 (65%) cases. Concomitant ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy was done in 32 (26%) patients. During operation, death occurred in one patient (0.8%), and complications occurred in 10 (8%) patients. Thirty-day primary patency and symptom-free survival rates were 100%. Long-term follow-up ranging from 5 to 164 months was available for the 60 cases done between 1975 and 1990. Three grafts occluded at 30, 36, and 51 months after surgery for a primary patency rate of 95% at 5 and 10 years. Twenty-two patients died, yielding survival rates of 83% at 5 years and 59% at 10 years. Symptom recurrence occurred in six (10%) patients from 9 to 66 months after surgery. The symptom-free survival rate was 98% at 1 year, 90% at 5 years, and 87% at 10 years. Symptoms recurred in three patients with occluded grafts and three with patent grafts. The preoperative symptoms of drop attacks and TIAs did not recur. EI recurred in 5% and was noted only in the presence of graft occlusion. Dizziness recurred in 17% of patients admitted with this symptom and was observed despite graft patency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carotid-subclavian bypass was a safe and durable procedure for relief of symptomatic occlusive disease of the subclavian artery. Long-term symptomatic relief appeared particularly likely in patients with drop attacks or upper extremity ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vitti
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gagne
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Eidt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011300:Preoperative Care; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene