title: Do electrolyte-containing beverages improve water imbalance in hyponatremic schizophrenics?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine if ready access to a sodium-containing beverage ameliorates life-threatening water imbalance, we compared Gatorade to water in an ABA design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four male chronic schizophrenic inpatients with symptomatic hyponatremia drank water for 1 week, Gatorade plus water for 3 weeks, and then water again for 1 week. Afternoon plasma osmolality and morning serum sodium levels were used to estimate hydration status, and morning and afternoon urine creatinine concentrations were used to estimate fluid intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the baseline phase, subjects were mildly polydipsic and mildly overhydrated in the morning and severely overhydrated in the afternoon. All subjects stated they preferred Gatorade and appeared to consume large quantities of it. Indices of fluid intake and hydration status did not differ between the two control phases, nor between the treatment phase and the other two phases. Frequency of severe hypo-osmolemia was also unaffected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substitution of electrolyte-containing beverages is not likely to prevent water intoxication.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, IL.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Petkovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001769:Blood; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004326:Drinking; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012964:Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014869:Water Intoxication / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D012964:Sodium