title: Incidence and management of glaucoma in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is a bilateral panuveitis associated with neurologic and dermatologic manifestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed the charts of all patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome seen at their institution over the past decade to determine the incidence of glaucoma, as well as the results of medical and surgical therapy for glaucoma, in this group of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 42 patients diagnosed with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, evidence of glaucoma requiring either medical or surgical intervention occurred in 16 patients (38.1%). Of these, nine (56.3%) had open-angle glaucoma and seven (43.7%) had angle-closure secondary to pupillary block. In 5 (31.3%) of the 16 patients, medical therapy alone was sufficient to control intraocular pressure. Eleven patients (68.7%) required surgical intervention, consisting of laser iridotomy, surgical iridectomy, trabeculectomy with or without 5-fluorouracil, and/or Molteno implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative success of each of these procedures in this group of patients is discussed. Glaucoma is a common complication in the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, and one that is often difficult to control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Q H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baerveldt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007498:Iris / Q000601:surgery; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014130:Trabeculectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014607:Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D013566:Sympathomimetics