title: In vitro differential metabolism of merbarone by xanthine oxidase and microsomal flavoenzymes. The role of reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Merbarone (MB), a nonsedating derivative of thiobarbituric acid, was recently found to induce profound hypouricemia. When incubated with xanthine oxidase (XO) and hypoxanthine in vitro, MB is both an inhibitor of XO and degraded by the XO-hypoxanthine interaction. Compared with allopurinol (Ki = 0.025 microM), MB is a very weak inhibitor of XO (Ki = 51 +/- 8 microM). MB interacts with XO in the presence of hypoxanthine to yield three chromatographically separate products. One of these products has been identified by HPLC retention time and spectral characteristics as 2-oxo-2-desthiomerbarone (2-oxo-MB). The other two products are thought to be S-oxide intermediates in the oxidative desulfuration of this drug. Formation of these products was blocked by catalase, suggesting that the conversion was dependent on reactive oxygen species (especially H2O2) generated by the hypoxanthine-XO system. This suggestion was confirmed by incubating MB with H2O2. In vitro studies with rat liver microsomes have documented the formation of 2-oxo-MB and 4'-OH-MB (4'-OH-MB), the latter being identified by the characteristic HPLC retention time of its acetylated derivative. The formation of 4'-OH-MB has many characteristics of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase reaction (NADPH requirement and SKF 525-A inhibition); formation of 2-oxo-MB occurs by a different mechanism that is, as yet, uncharacterized. Incubation of kidney microsomes with MB generated 2-oxo-desthiomerbarone but no detectable 4'-OH-MB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muindi
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Warrell
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000089:Acetic Anhydrides; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007042:Hypoxanthines / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008861:Microsomes / Q000201:enzymology*; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013858:Thiobarbiturates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000089:Acetic Anhydrides; D007042:Hypoxanthines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D014527:Uric Acid; C031800:acetic anhydride; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C045459:merbarone