The biology of CD2: adhesion, transmembrane signal, and regulatory receptor of immunity.
Cluster of differentiation antigen-two (CD2) is a transmembrane, cell surface glycoprotein found on many lymphocyte subsets. It is a member of the immunoglobulin-gene superfamily and was originally described as an adhesion molecule, strengthening the physical interaction between responder and antigen-presenting cells and between effector and target cells. More recently, numerous studies show important receptor functions for CD2, which transmits a variety of intracellular second messages after interaction with one or more separate extracellular ligands. These second messengers modify the function of additional cell surface adhesion receptors including CD3 and LFA-1. A model is proposed which integrates several of these adhesion-receptor-messenger systems and experimental data supporting the validity of this model during cell-mediated immunity are presented. CD2 serves as a paradigm for the multitude of adhesion-receptors now being described and characterized. Detailed understanding of each molecule will allow synthesis of an integrated understanding of cellular and molecular interaction during immunity.
Bromberg
J S
JS
Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000502:physiology; D018801:CD2 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000502:physiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D018801:CD2 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic