title: Predictive factors for the histologic nature of residual tumor mass after chemotherapy in patients with advanced testicular cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To further improve the accuracy of the prediction of histologic findings in the residual mass after chemotherapy in patients with metastatic germ cell tumors, various predictive factors were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 23 patients with advanced testicular cancer underwent combination chemotherapy based on cisplatin following surgical removal of residual tumor mass in 20 patients and observation in 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete fibrosis and/or necrosis was found in 6 (30%) operative specimens, teratoma in 3 (15%), and viable malignant tumor in 11 (55%). Three patients had no evidence of disease for a mean follow-up of 45 months. Five of the 6 patients and all of the 11 patients' results could be predicted by a combination of 4 factors, including absence of teratomatous element in the primary tumor, greater than 85% tumor reduction rate after chemotherapy, normal alpha-fetoprotein and beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin levels after chemotherapy, and actual half-life of alpha-fetoprotein less than 7 days. Among these factors the tumor reduction rate and the actual half-life of alpha-fetoprotein were the most important predictions statistically on multivariate analysis. With the use of these criteria, the sensitivity rate, specificity rate, and overall predictive value of diagnosis for existence of viable malignant tumors were 83.3%, 100%, and 94.1%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By determining these factors it seems possible to avoid surgical removal of the postchemotherapy residual mass in approximately 30% of patients with advanced metastatic testicular cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakatoku
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiryo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin