title: The effects of tyramine on salivary flow rate and protein secretion by rat submandibular glands.
abstract: The effects of different doses of p-tyramine injected i.v. and i.p. on salivary flow rates and proteins secreted by the submandibular glands of rats were studied with and without various types of autonomic blockers and two enzyme inhibitors. The salivary flow rates and the amounts of protein secreted progressively increased with increasing doses injected both i.v. and i.p., whereas they were dramatically reduced with all autonomic blockers except the lowest doses of beta-blockers, atropine, and yohimbine. Salivation in response to p-tyramine injected i.v. and i.p. was completely abolished by simultaneous injections of both prazosin and propranolol. The concentration of protein was not dose-dependent and was not reduced by yohimbine and phenoxybenzamine at almost all doses used. However, prazosin significantly increased the protein concentration. Protease activities were dose-dependent but were significantly reduced with alpha-blockers other than yohimbine, and with most beta-blockers. The proteins secreted in response to p-tyramine at all doses injected i.v. and i.p. were of the alpha-type except with the lowest dose injected i.p. However, the alpha-type was completely replaced by the beta-type in the presence of all alpha-blockers except yohimbine, but not with beta-blockers, atropine, or two enzyme inhibitors. Pargyline, a monoamine-oxidase inhibitor, but not disulfiram, a dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, affected all parameters except the type of protein. Thus, p-tyramine may activate both the alpha 1- and beta 1-adrenoceptors in the submandibular glands of rats directly or indirectly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okina
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012636:Secretory Rate; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000187:drug effects*; D014439:Tyramine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011412:Propanolamines; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine; D015016:Yohimbine; C026777:ICI 118551; D011433:Propranolol; C044499:submandibular proteinase A; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D008790:Metoprolol; D014439:Tyramine; D011224:Prazosin