title: Genetic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus from field outbreaks to laboratory isolation.
abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), by nature of its RNA genome, possesses a high rate of mutation during replication. This results in extensive genetic polymorphism of virus populations in nature. The emergence of FMDV variants during replication has been reported. Genetic changes in the viral capsid protein (VP1) gene can result in amino acid changes affecting the immunodominant epitopes of FMDV. The genetic heterogeneity of FMDV in the field and the antigenic variants observed after cell culture isolation has been investigated by PCR sequencing and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. These methods were applied to viruses causing two different outbreaks of FMD before and after replication in cell culture and in the animal host. The VP1 region of the genome was amplified by PCR and sequenced to reveal variant sequences identified after passage and to determine their presence in the original field tissue. In one case, reactivity with monoclonal antibodies was lost after passage as a result of an amino acid change in the subpopulation. These findings suggest that host cells can select specific virus genetic and antigenic subpopulations during virus isolation and propagation.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Greenport, NY.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pacciarini
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hilyard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Vakharia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brocchi
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Molitor
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D005537:Aphthovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002213:Capsid / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002417:Cattle; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004848:Epithelium / Q000382:microbiology; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine; D014776:Virus Cultivation; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; C442501:VP1 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virus