title: Outpatient benzodiazepine detoxification procedure for methadone patients.
abstract: Benzodiazepines are used by a substantial minority of opioid addicts on methadone maintenance. Alprazolam, now the most widely prescribed benzodiazepine in the United States, appears to have supplanted diazepam as the benzodiazepine drug of choice in this population. Its greater addiction liability, shorter half-life, and more intense withdrawal symptoms make addiction to alprazolam more likely and its management in methadone patients more complicated. This article describes a slow outpatient tapered reduction procedure that was utilized to detoxify benzodiazepine dependent methadone patients seen over a two-year period. The reduction procedure was offered to 22 opioid addicts on methadone maintenance who were regularly ingesting low to moderate amounts of benzodiazepines, primarily alprazolam. Of the 22 patients, 4 patients refused outpatient detoxification, and 18 were started on a reduction procedure. Twelve patients completed the detoxification procedure which averaged 7.8 weeks. Comparisons are made between completers and non-completers and essential design features of the procedure are discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McDuff
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tommasello
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiegel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D008691:Methadone