title: Myocardium at risk and infarct size after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: implications for the design of randomized trials of acute intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of an improved reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction on myocardial salvage and ventricular function for anterior and inferior infarctions and to ascertain the sample size required to detect such an effect.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There are significant differences in myocardium at risk between anterior and inferior infarctions that affect the benefit of reperfusion therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 58 patients with acute myocardial infarction (24 anterior, 34 inferior) treated with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator and angioplasty when necessary. Tomographic imaging with technetium-99m sestamibi was performed to measure myocardium at risk, final infarct size and myocardial salvage and to estimate the beneficial effects of an improved therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new therapy that was 30% more effective than existing therapy (with respect to salvage) would increase salvage (and reduce mean infarct size) by 5.2% of the left ventricle and increase late ejection fraction by only 0.012 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.009 to 0.015) in inferior infarction and by 0.038 (95% CI 0.027 to 0.047) in anterior infarction. If anterior and inferior infarctions occurred with equal frequency, a sample size of 140 patients in each treatment group would be required to detect such a change with 80% power. In a trial of interior infarctions alone, a sample size of 236 patients in each treatment group would be required compared with only 98 patients in a trial of anterior infarctions alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anticipated mean benefit from an improved reperfusion therapy in individual patients with inferior infarction is very small and of questionable clinical significance. The anticipated benefit in anterior infarction is greater and easier to detect. Future randomized trials should be stratified for infarct location and should consider the greater absolute benefit of treatment in anterior infarction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hopfenspirger
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013318:Stroke Volume; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator