title: Prevalence of acute dystonic reactions associated with neuroleptic treatment with and without anticholinergic prophylaxis.
abstract: The occurrence of acute dystonic reactions was intensively monitored in a population of 646 patients, 379 males and 267 females, aged 18-87 years, consecutively admitted to different psychiatric units and treated with neuroleptics alone or in combination with anticholinergic drugs. Thirty-four patients experienced acute dystonic reactions yielding a total incidence of 5.3%. There was a tendency towards a higher frequency of dystonia in males than in females, and in young patients than in older ones. Patients without anticholinergic medication had a higher frequency of the reaction than those receiving anticholinergic drugs (8.5% vs. 2.8%; p < 0.02). Neuroleptic-induced dystonia was more common in patients treated with butyrophenones than in those receiving phenothiazines or substituted benzamides.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spina
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sturiale
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valvo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ancione
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Di Rosa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meduri
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Caputi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004421:Dystonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010276:Parasympatholytics