title: Non-invasive sampling for detection of genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in males utilising urinary leukocyte esterase tests and immunoassays.
abstract: First-void urine specimens from 224 male recruits and 443 patients of venereal disease clinics without complaints of symptoms of urethritis were collected. Urinary leukocyte esterase test, two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs: Syva MicroTrak and Orion), a chemiluminometric assay (Magic Lite) and Syva's MicroTrak direct immunofluorescence test were used. The prevalence of chlamydial urethritis in the study population as determined by direct immunofluorescence test of first-void urine in the military recruits and venereal disease patients was 1.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The denominator used for calculation of sensitivities was the sum of patients with positive test results in at least two of the different test systems used. The sensitivities of first-void urine were 100% for Syva EIA, 96.7% for Orion EIA and 86.7% for the chemiluminometric assay. All assays proved highly specific (99.5-99.7%). Compared with direct immunofluorescence test of first-void urine, the urine leukocyte esterase test had a sensitivity of 93.6% and a specificity of 94.3%. The study showed that the urine leukocyte esterase test is an effective method to detect males infected by Chlamydia trachomatis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Domeika
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bassiri
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mårdh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000652:urine*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008889:Military Personnel; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014526:Urethritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: C021443:leukocyte esterase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases