title: Evidence that inhibition of phorbol ester-induced superoxide anion formation by cyclosporin A in phagocytes is not mediated by direct inhibition of protein kinase C.
abstract: Cyclosporin A (CsA) has been reported to inhibit phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide anion (O2-) formation in human neutrophils and murine macrophages. We found that CsA inhibited O2- formation in HL-60 cells induced by PMA (30 nM) and phorbol dibutyrate (200 nM) with a half-maximal effect at 1 and 0.75 microM, respectively. One possible target of CsA action is protein kinase C (PKC) [EC 2.7.1.37] since phorbol esters activate this kinase. However, CsA did not inhibit PMA-mediated reduction of histamine-induced rises in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in, and PMA-induced differentiation of, HL-60 cells and platelet aggregation. CsA did not reduce the activity of various recombinant c-PKC isoenzymes (alpha, beta 1 and gamma), n-PKC isoenzymes (delta and epsilon), an a-PKC isoenzyme (zeta) nor of PKC purified from rat brain in vitro. These data show that CsA inhibits phorbol ester-induced O2- formation in HL-60 cells but not other phorbol ester-mediated events and that inhibition by CsA of O2- formation cannot readily be attributed to direct PKC inhibition. We also show that CsA does not change the activity of nucleoside diphosphate kinase [EC 2.7.4.6] in HL-60 membranes nor the latter's physical properties.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmacokologie, Freie Universität Berlin, F.R.G.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wenzel-Seifert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schächtele
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grünbaum
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seifert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate