title: Cellular mechanisms of glucose-induced myo-inositol transport upregulation in rat mesangial cells.
abstract: Uptake of myo-inositol (MI) is necessary to maintain normal cellular phosphoinositide signaling and function. MI transport is up-regulated in the cells of diabetic rat glomeruli compared with normal rat glomeruli [C. I. Whiteside, J. C. Thompson, and J. Ohayon. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 29): F138-F144, 1991]. To identify mechanisms associated with upregulation of MI transport, rat mesangial cells were cultured in high (25.6 mM) vs. normal (5.6 mM) glucose. Specific Na(+)-dependent [3H]MI uptake (> 97%), using L-[14C]glucose as the nonspecific marker, was linear for 120 min in high and normal glucose. In high glucose, compared with normal glucose, there was no change in Michaelis-Menten constant values [29.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 30.3 +/- 0.7 microM (SE)], whereas maximum velocity (Vmax) was increased (2.024 +/- 52 vs. 1.132 +/- 115 fmol.mg protein-1.min-1, P < 0.001). Mannitol (20.0 mM), used as an osmotic control, had no effect on the upregulation of MI transport. Maximum upregulation of MI transport measured by Vmax (control taken as 100%) was observed after 8 h of exposure to high glucose (222 +/- 6% above control, P < 0.0001) or galactose (20.0 mM) (194 +/- 6%, P < 0.0001) and was sustained for up to 48 h. The protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide (20 micrograms/ml) or actinomycin D (5 micrograms/ml), the F-actin depolymerizing agent cytochalasin D (2 micrograms/ml), and the aldose reductase inhibitor Tolrestat (0.3 mM) independently prevented glucose- or galactose-induced upregulation of MI transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chatzilias
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Whiteside
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D005690:Galactose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009281:Naphthalenes; C040550:tolrestat; D007294:Inositol; D013012:Sorbitol; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D005947:Glucose; D005690:Galactose