title: Induction of an immune network cascade in cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibodies (ab1). II. Is induction of anti-idiotype reactive T cells (T3) of importance for tumor response to mAb therapy?
abstract: The antitumor effector functions of unconjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in cancer therapy are not fully understood. Direct cytotoxic mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytolysis and apoptosis have been suggested. Induction of anti-idiotypic (ab2) and anti-anti-idiotypic (ab3) antibodies as well as the corresponding T cells (T2 and T3) has also been proposed to be of therapeutic significance. In this study induction of an immune network cascade in ten patients with colorectal carcinoma, treated with mAb 17-1A (ab1) was assessed. After treatment, all ten patients had anti-idiotypic antibodies and anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies with ab1-like binding specificity while only five of ten patients had T cells corresponding to ab3 (T3) as assessed by a proliferation assay (DNA synthesis), and an assay of interferon gamma production (ELISPOT) (Enzyme-linked immuno SPOT) in vitro or by a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in vivo. Purified T cells from four of the five patients with a positive T3 test responded with DNA synthesis after stimulation using human anti-mAb 17-1A anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies. These four patients had a clinical response showing a tumor reduction after therapy, while all six patients lacking a proliferative response failed to show tumor regression. Induction of a cell-mediated immune network cascade might accordingly be an important antitumor effector function of mAb and should be considered in the future design of mAb-based therapy protocols in cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology (Radiumhemmet), Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fagerberg
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Frödin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ragnhammar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinitz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wigzell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mellstedt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C050928:carcinoma-associated antigen 17-1A; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor