title: Kinetics of intraocular tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and aqueous humor of rats with different susceptibilities to endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU), after footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were collected from EIU-susceptible Lewis rats and EIU-resistant Brown Norway (BN) rats for up to 72 hours after LPS injection. Specific bioassays were used to measure TNF and IL-6 activity. Northern blot analysis was used to assess intraocular IL-6 mRNA expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High levels of TNF and IL-6 were detected in serum of both rat strains early after LPS injection. A second rise in serum TNF was observed at 18 to 20 hours in Lewis rats only. In aqueous humor of Lewis rats, high levels of TNF and IL-6 were observed early after LPS injection (2 to 8 hours) and concomitant with maximal uveitis (18 to 24 hours). Low levels of TNF and IL-6 were found in aqueous humor of BN rats. Ocular IL-6 mRNA was detected at the same time as IL-6 activity was measured in aqueous humor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that both TNF and IL-6 may play a role in the pathogenesis of EIU. The early release of TNF in aqueous humor during EIU suggests that this cytokine may serve as an initial mediator of intraocular inflammation. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis indicates that IL-6 is produced locally during EIU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmo-Immunology, Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Haren
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoekzema
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kijlstra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004731:Endotoxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012475:Salmonella; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C027952:salmonella toxin