title: Early alterations in extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor beta gene expression in mouse lung indicative of late radiation fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fibrosis, characterized by the accumulation of collagen, is a late result of thoracic irradiation. The expression of late radiation injury can be found immediately after irradiation by measuring messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine if extracellular matrix mRNA and transforming growth factor beta abundance was affected acutely after irradiation, we measured mRNA levels of collagen I (CI), collagen III (CIII), collagen IV (CIV), fibronectin (FN), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta 1,2&3) in mouse lungs on day 1 and day 14 after graded doses of radiation. C57BL/6 female mice were irradiated with a single dose to the thorax of 5 or 12.5 Gy. Total lung RNA was prepared and immobilized by Northern and slot blotting and hybridized with radiolabelled cDNA probes for CI, CIII, CIV, FN, TGF beta 1,2&3 and a control probe encoding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Autoradiographic data were quantified by video densitometry and results normalized to GAPDH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in the expression of CI, CIII, CIV, FN and TGF beta 1,2&3 were observed as early as 1 day after exposure. Through 14 days, changes in mRNA up to 5-fold were seen for any one dose. Dose related changes as high as 10-fold were also evident. The CI:CIII ratio increased gradually for the 5 Gy dose at 14 days postirradiation while the CI:CII ratio for the 12.5 Gy dose decreased by approximately 4-fold as compared to the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies suggest that alterations in expression of extracellular matrix and TGF beta mRNA occur very early after radiation injury even at low doses and may play a role in the development of chronic fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baggs
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011831:Radiation Genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta