title: A charge selectivity impairment in protein permselectivity is present in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: A possible loss in kidney charge permselectivity of proteins before any manifestation of nephropathy has been sought in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes by assessing the clearances of proteins differing in charge and/or size (anionic and cationic immunoglobulins, albumin). Eighty-five consecutive outpatients with type 2 diabetes were studied and compared with 101 normal subjects. Of the patients, 14.1% were microalbuminuric and 2.3% macroalbuminuric. A significant increase in protein clearances was observed in diabetic patients in comparison with normal subjects: the median of albumin clearance was 0.09 ml/min, interquartile range (IR) 0.04-0.31 (P < 0.01 vs normals); that of anionic immunoglobulins (IgG4) 0.02 ml/min, IR 0.04-0.05 (P < 0.005 vs normals); and that of neutral/cationic immunoglobulins (IgG) 0.13 ml/min, IR 0.07-0.19 (P < 0.01 vs normals). The anionic/cationic immunoglobulin ratio median was 0.22, IR 0.11-0.43, and exceeded the upper limit of normal values in 29.4% of all patients. IgG4 clearance was positively correlated with albumin clearance (r = 0.72) and with IgG clearance (r = 0.98). Nevertheless anionic immunoglobulin clearance was increased in a number of patients (17.3%) with normal IgG excretion and even in patients (15.1%) with normal albumin clearance. Clearances of IgG4 and IgG, but not that of albumin, were correlated with the duration of diabetes. Thus, an increased anionic/cationic IgG ratio in type 2 diabetes highlights a charge selectivity defect in protein permselectivity; this selective proteinuria may reflect more accurately than does microalbuminuria an early kidney abnormality in this form of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Clinica Medica 2 (Endocrinologia), University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietravalle
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: De Rossi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cristina
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Medici
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sensi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andreani
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Di Mario
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000145:classification / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G