title: Analysis of mixed foot-and-mouth disease virus infections in Saudi Arabia: prolonged circulation of an exotic serotype.
abstract: Plaque purification of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) type O viruses isolated from cattle in Saudi Arabia showed the presence of mixed serotype infections. Sixteen out of 31 samples collected between 1985 and 1991 also contained Asia 1 virus, a serotype which had previously only been isolated from a single outbreak in that country in 1980. Nucleotide sequences of the Asia 1 component of all these samples revealed little variation and showed that they were closely related to both a Russian lapinized vaccine virus strain (Asia 1/Tadzhikistan/64), and to a field isolate from Turkey (Asia 1/TUR/15/73). Although mixed FMD infections have been observed previously this is a first report of a serotype, considered to be exotic to a country, co-existing undetected for an extended period of time.
authors.affiliation: Kings College, University of London, Kensington, UK.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Woodbury
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kitching
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005537:Aphthovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005814:Genes, Viral; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012692:Serial Passage; D012703:Serotyping; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012367:RNA, Viral