title: X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus mutations in North America and the Hopewell hypothesis.
abstract: In X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) the urine of male patients is not concentrated after the administration of the antidiuretic hormone arginine-vasopressin. This disease is due to mutations in the V2 receptor gene that maps to chromosome region Xq28. In 1969, Bode and Crawford suggested that most NDI patients in North America shared common ancestors of Ulster Scot immigrants who arrived in Halifax in 1761 on the ship Hopewell. A link between this family and a large Utah kindred was also suggested. DNA was obtained from 17 affected male patients from the "Hopewell" kindred and from four additional families from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick who shared the same Xq28 NDI haplotype. The Utah kindred and two families (Q2, Q3) from Quebec were also studied. The "Hopewell" mutation, W71X, is a single base substitution (G-->A) that changes codon 71 from TGG (tryptophan) to TGA (stop). The W71X mutation was found in affected members of the Hopewell and of the four satellite families. The W71X mutation is the cause of X-linked NDI for the largest number of related male patients living in North America. Other families (Utah, Q2 and Q3) that are historically and ethnically unrelated bear other mutations in the V2 receptor gene.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bichet
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Arthus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lonergan
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hendy
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Paradis
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Didwania
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005796:Genes; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D010375:Pedigree; D017354:Point Mutation; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000235:genetics*; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin