title: Changes in free and bound alcohol metabolites in the urine during ethanol oxidation.
abstract: Free and bound ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate, acetone and methanol in urine during alcohol oxidation were analyzed by means of a head space gas chromatography. Four healthy male volunteers drank beer for 20 min with 16 ml/kg for non-flushers (A, B) and 8 ml/kg for flushers (C, D). In the urine, the highest bound ethanol levels were between 0.5-1.1 mM for the non-flushers (NF) and 0.2-0.3 mM for the flushers (F). The urine free ethanol levels were 23-70 times as high as bound ethanol levels. The maximum free acetaldehyde in urine was 11-13 microM for the NF and 26-55 microM for the F. The urine bound acetaldehyde levels were 4-5 microM for the NF and 7-15 microM for the F. Urine acetaldehyde existed in free forms at 2.4-3.6 times as high concentrations as in bound forms during ethanol oxidation. The urine free acetate ranged between 0.3-2.0 mM. The bound acetate varied between 0.7-1.1 mM. The urine free methanol at 70-110 microM before the intake increased to 104-180 microM. The bound methanol reached to 78-126 microM from 48-97 microM before the intake. Ethanol levels in the urine were ethanol dose-dependent, whereas it was thought that free and bound acetaldehyde or acetate reflected individual metabolic abilities and not the amount of ethanol consumed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanegae
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchigasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagoya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mieda
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000652:urine; D000085:Acetates / Q000652:urine; D000096:Acetone / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005483:Flushing / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000652:urine; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D000079:Acetaldehyde; D000432:Methanol