title: Non-hierarchical logistic models and case-only designs for assessing susceptibility in population-based case-control studies.
abstract: This article describes how genetic components of disease susceptibility can be evaluated in case-control studies, where cases and controls are sampled independently from the population at large. Subjects are assumed unrelated, in contrast to studies of familial aggregation and linkage. The logistic model can be used to test collapsibility over phenotypes or genotypes, and to estimate interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Such interactions provide an example of a context where non-hierarchical models make sense biologically. Also, if the exposure and genetic categories occur independently and the disease is rare, then analyses based only on cases are valid, and offer better precision for estimating gene-environment interactions than those based on the full data.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Piegorsch
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005190:Family; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005819:Genetic Markers