title: Multisensory training of standing balance in older adults: II. Kinematic and electromyographic postural responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the electromyographic and kinematic characteristics of postural responses of 24 healthy older adults both prior to and immediately after a multisensory balance training period. It was hypothesized that the muscle and movement characteristics of postural responses would be optimized in the group after training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Balance was tested by determining muscle and kinematic response characteristics used in compensating for support surface displacements. Twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned to a training group or a control group. The training group received a multisensory balance training program during a 15-day training period (described in the companion article).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the training (a) significantly shortened the onset latency of the neck flexor muscle (p < .05); (b) showed a trend toward decreasing the response frequency of antagonist muscles; (c) showed a trend toward increasing the response frequency of the trunk flexor muscles; and (d) showed a trend toward decreasing the maximal excursion of the first-trial of the ankle joint rotation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these results and those of the companion article, it was concluded that the multisensory balance training program had an effect in optimizing the muscle and movement characteristics of postural response in the training group older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Movement Science, University of Oregon, Eugene.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Woollacott
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000503:physiopathology; D007698:Kinesis; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D004856:Postural Balance; D011187:Posture; D011930:Reaction Time; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*