title: In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of skeletal muscle energetics in endotoxemic rats: a prospective, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify possible alterations in the skeletal muscle high-energy phosphate metabolism at the early phase of endotoxic shock in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized study of skeletal muscle energetics in endotoxemic and in control rats, by in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at rest, under regional ischemia, and during reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biochemical NMR laboratory equipped for surgery and hemodynamic monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were randomized to different groups. Eight rats were injected with Escherichia coli endotoxin (15 mg/kg, survival time 19 +/- 4 hrs) intraperitoneally. Seven other rats served as controls. The additional nine rats were studied for the saturation recovery pulse sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the treatment group, endotoxin was injected 8 hrs before NMR spectroscopy. The right hind limbs were studied under anaesthesia using a surface coil NMR probe. Their high-energy phosphate contents and intracellular pH were determined by 31P NMR spectroscopy. After baseline measurements, an ischemia-reperfusion challenge was imposed on the muscle by transient clamping of the abdominal aorta. Contralateral femoral artery pressure was constantly monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the baseline period, the endotoxin-treated muscles did not show any difference in the distribution of the high-energy phosphate compounds or in intracellular pH, as compared with the controls. Ischemia resulted in a significantly faster decline of the inorganic phosphate/creatine phosphate ratio in the endotoxin-treated rats (1.35 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.06 at the end of the 38-min ischemic period). Skeletal muscle acidosis developed earlier and was deeper in the endotoxemic animals (pH: 6.94 +/- 0.02 vs. 7.02 +/- 0.03 at the end of ischemia). During reperfusion, the calculated time constants of recovery of inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine ratios were identical between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resting nonischemic muscles of endotoxin-treated rats show no evidence of alterations in high-energy phosphate metabolism. However, under ischemic conditions, high-energy phosphate metabolism deteriorates faster in the skeletal muscles of treated animals. These data support the hypothesis of a greater mismatch during perfusion at very low pressure between residual oxygen availability and oxygen needs in the endotoxin-treated muscle cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University Hospital, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gilles
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Orio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciancabilla
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Carlier
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004731:Endotoxins; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D010758:Phosphorus; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate