title: Role of protein kinase C isozymes in activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in chronically infected promonocytic cells: evidence against a role of PKC beta 1.
abstract: Protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Because of a molecular and biochemical heterogeneity of PKC, we have studied the effects of PKC isozymes in HIV-1 activation in a latently infected promonocytic cell line, U1, using various PKC isozyme agonists. 12-Deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate (dPP), an agonist of both Ca(++)-dependent and Ca(++)-independent isozymes, and thymeleatoxin (TT), an agonist of Ca(++)-dependent PKC isozymes, induced HIV-1 production at 10 nM with increase in a concentration dependent manner, whereas 12-deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate 20-acetate (dPPA), an PKC beta I isozyme agonist, did not induce viral production at 100 nM. We verified that dPPA induced translocation of PKC beta isozyme with the isozyme-specific monoclonal antibody using flow cytometry. This study demonstrates that activation of PKC isozymes leads to an induction of latent HIV-1 in U1 cells whereas PKC beta I isozyme may not be important.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine 92717.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gollapudi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D017735:Virus Latency; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D011493:Protein Kinase C