title: Interacting cis elements in the plastocyanin promoter from spinach ensure regulated high-level expression.
abstract: The spinach plastocyanin promoter contains most, if not all, cis elements crucial for its activity downstream of -259 bp relative to the transcription start site. The -259/-79 bp promoter fragment is capable of conferring glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression on the minimal -90/+3 bp 35S RNA promoter of CaMV and -51/+60 bp plastocyanin promoter, regardless of its orientation. Using 5' promoter deletion analysis and site directed mutagenesis we identified three regions, designated PC-1 (-195/-188), PC-2 (-179/-164) and PC-3 (-90/-77) for promoter function. An interaction between PC-3 and the upstream elements is required for high levels of expression. All these sequences contain binding sites for protein factors, as shown by gel shift assays. PC-3 includes a binding site with some resemblance to GT-1 box II, but additional nucleotide sequences immediately downstream of this motif, which are conserved among all published plastocyanin promoters, are required as well. The sequence interval -168/-79 bp is sufficient to confer light-responsive, organ-specific and chloroplast-dependent GUS gene expression on minimal promoters.
authors.affiliation: Botanisches Institut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lübberstedt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oelmüller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wanner
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002736:Chloroplasts; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008027:Light; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009928:Organ Specificity; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D010970:Plastocyanin / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014675:Vegetables / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010970:Plastocyanin; D005966:Glucuronidase