title: Techniques to negotiate the tortuous ureter.
abstract: A tortuous ureter can prevent successful retrograde ureteral access. Forceful attempts at catheterizing a ureteral kink may result in perforation and urinary extravasation. We review the currently recommended techniques to negotiate the tortuous ureter and present an additional endourological maneuver to bypass those kinks refractory to conventional methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Schwalb
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eshghi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014513:Ureter / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*