title: Type III posterior urethral valves: presentation and management.
abstract: The clinical and radiographic presentation of infants with type III posterior urethral valves help to distinguish them from patients with the more common type I valves. The diaphragmatic valvular obstruction may make catheterization impossible. Percutaneous cystography can confirm the diagnosis and allow for short-term decompression. The presence of smooth-walled bladders with narrow posterior urethras is unique to type III valves but is not always present. Type III valves present within a spectrum of clinical severity; however, the majority involve significant renal impairment. The prognosis for survival and renal function appears poorer for patients with type III valves than for those with type I valves.
authors.affiliation: Children's Kidney Center, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Buffalo, NY.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Springate
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Feld
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003559:Cystostomy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery