Eicosanoids in synaptic transmission.
Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids in a receptor-dependent manner when neurons or glial cells are stimulated with neurotransmitters, hormones, or growth factors. The released fatty acid can be metabolized in brain tissue by three enzymatic pathways--cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450--giving rise to a series of biologically active products, the eicosanoids. Intracellular actions of these lipids include regulation of membrane ion channels, protein kinases, and ion pumps, thus suggesting a role as neuronal second messengers. In addition, the eicosanoids may be released into the extracellular space and interact with high affinity, G protein-coupled receptors on neurons and glial cells. Acting through these two distinct and complementary modes of action, the eicosanoids may participate in several forms of neuromodulation and synaptic plasticity.
Piomelli
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Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.
D000818:Animals; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
D015777:Eicosanoids