title: Heparin-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of heparin-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (HITTS) and discuss the incidence, possible mechanisms, complications, and treatment for this syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports and review articles identified by MEDLINE from 1980 through 1991. Older articles located by manual searches.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted and reviewed from published sources. Cases were selected on the basis of case presentation, time of disease onset, pathophysiology of disease, and therapeutic options.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 600-bed university teaching hospital and an affiliated community hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 36-year-old woman with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, diabetic ketoacidosis, oliguric renal failure developed HITTS and subsequent gangrene of her right arm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immediate cessation of all heparin use and amputation of the patient's right arm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient's condition improved progressively over the following 60 days and she was discharged to outpatient care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heparin has been associated with thrombocytopenia and thrombotic events. Laboratory tests for HITTS are unreliable and the diagnosis is usually suspected by the clinical presentation of the patient. Platelet counts should be monitored closely during heparin use. In the event of a marked decrease in platelet count associated with venous or arterial thrombosis, heparin therapy should be stopped immediately. If further anticoagulation is necessary, oral anticoagulants such as warfarin may be used instead. As the onset of warfarin may take several days to become therapeutic, aspirin, dipyridamole, or both may be used effectively. Healthcare workers should be aware that in these patients, the use of even small amounts of heparin can produce catastrophic results.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mills
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010976:Platelet Count; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin