title: Ultrasonic testicular texture and size in 444 men from the general population: correlation to semen quality.
abstract: Scrotal ultrasonography was performed in 888 testes of 444 randomly selected men appearing before the medical board prior to military service (Mili group, 287 men, median age 18.8 years), and in employees from an industrial company (Empl group, 157 men, median age 35.6 years). The ultrasonic volume of each testis was calculated from 3 perpendicular measurements. The ultrasonic texture on sectional planes was scored using a scale from 1 to 5, 1 being very regular, 2 slightly irregular, 3 moderately irregular, 4 very irregular or with bright echogenic points, and 5 with demarcated tumor suspicious areas. Orchidometer measurements were performed in 258 men in Mili group, and semen samples were obtained from 121 men in Empl group. The ultrasonic volume of the right testis (median 14.1 ml, range 3.0-31.4 ml) was bigger than that of the left testis (median 13.0 ml, range 3.5-35.2). The volume was dependent on age for men under 20 years, but not for men aged 20 years or more. The subgroup of men with a history of cryptorchidism had a smaller average testicular volume (median 10.5 ml) compared with men with normal descent (median 14.1 ml). Ultrasonic volume was positively correlated to the total sperm count in the ejaculate, to sperm penetration in egg white, and to normal sperm morphology. The echo score distribution showed slightly higher scores in Empl for both the right and the left testis. Men in Empl group were older, and it could not be precluded that this difference was due to age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giwercman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elsborg
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cohr
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jelnes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Skakkebaek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012661:Semen; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography