title: Achondroplasia: pre- and postsurgical considerations for midface advancement.
abstract: Achondroplasia, the most common type of dwarfism, involves several physical characteristics that can cause pre- and intraoperative respiratory problems. The characteristics include rib-cage deformities, midface hypoplasia, choanal stenosis, muscular hypotonia, foramen magnum compression, and cervical abnormalities. Specific pre- and postoperative strategies for dealing with achondroplastic dwarfs are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Division of Plastic Surgery, Columbia 65212.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eisig
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Argamaso
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shprintzen
mesh_terms: D000130:Achondroplasia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015050:Zygoma / Q000601:surgery