title: Hallucinations and ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hallucinations as a symptom of central neurotoxicity are a known but poorly described side effect of ifosfamide. Most cases of ifosfamide-induced hallucinations have been reported with other mental status changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors interviewed six persons with ifosfamide-induced hallucinations in the presence of a clear sensorium. All patients were receiving high-dose ifosfamide as part of their bone marrow transplant procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hallucinations occurred only when the patient's eyes were closed and, in all but one case, were reported as disturbing or frightening. Underreporting of these hallucinations by patients is likely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hallucinations may be the sole or first manifestation of neurotoxicity. The incidence may be dose and infusion-time related. The clinician should be alerted for possible ifosfamide-induced hallucinations, which may occur without other signs of neurotoxicity. "Eyes-closed" hallucinatory experiences appear to be an unusual feature of this presentation. Patients anxious about this experience respond well to support and education about this occurrence. Optimal pharmacologic management of disturbed patients is unclear. If agitation becomes marked, high-potency neuroleptics (i.e., haloperidol) may be effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine and Psychosocial Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: DiMaggio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Baile
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schapira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007069:Ifosfamide