title: Induction by endothelin-1 of epithelium-dependent relaxation of guinea-pig trachea in vitro: role for nitric oxide.
abstract: 1. The purpose of the present experiments was to study the underlying mechanisms responsible for the relaxant action of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the guinea-pig trachea in vitro. 2. In tracheal strips precontracted (60-70% of the maximum) with carbachol, ET-1 (1-100 nM) evoked slowly developing concentration-dependent relaxations. Preincubation of the tissues with the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist, BM 13505 (5 microM) significantly potentiated the relaxant response to ET-1. 3. Removal of the epithelium changed the response of precontracted tracheal preparations to ET-1 from a relaxation to a sustained contraction. 4. ET-1-induced relaxations were abolished by methylene blue (10 microM) and were almost completely attenuated by oxyhaemoglobin (5 microM) and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 100 microM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, but were not altered by indomethacin (10 microM). 5. In tracheal strips under passive tension, ET-1 (1-100 nM) elicited dose-dependent contractions. The sensitivity of tissues to ET-1 was significantly enhanced by removal of the epithelium (apparent EC50 values were 28.1 +/- 4.1 and 12.5 +/- 0.8 nM in intact and rubbed trachea, respectively, n = 7, P < 0.01). 6. Preincubation of intact tracheal strips with methylene blue, oxyhaemoglobin or L-NMMA did not mimic the effect of epithelium removal on ET-1-induced contractions. 7. There was a concentration-dependent increase in thromboxane A2 but not in PGE2 and prostacyclin release from intact tracheal strips following stimulation with ET-1 (5-100 nM). 8. These results show that ET-1 exerts a dual action on guinea-pig isolated trachea: it evokes contractions at low resting tone, whereas it induces relaxations at higher resting tone. The relaxant action of ET-1 may be mediated by nitric oxide released from epithelial cells and resultant activation of smooth muscle guanylate cyclase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, P.Q., Canada.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Filep
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Battistini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sirois
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016232:Endothelins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D008751:Methylene Blue; D007213:Indomethacin