title: Energy expenditure and substrate metabolism in liver cirrhosis.
abstract: Increased energy needs, a reduced synthesis of endogenous substrates and a limited energy yield from exogenous substrates characterize the metabolic dilemma in patients with liver cirrhosis. The metabolic features observed in cirrhosis are highly variable and cannot be considered as clear-cut phenomena. They obviously differ in certain aspects from the metabolic situations known from starvation or type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is not contrary to the idea that cirrhosis may resemble certain aspects of these 'standard' situations. Cirrhosis-induced disturbances in fuel homeostasis cannot be predicted from clinical and biochemical parameters of the disease. Most of the metabolic picture is present at a very early stage of liver disease. Many metabolic features are independent of the clinical course of liver disease, suggesting that they are an early and extra-hepatic manifestation. A better understanding of the variance of cirrhosis-induced alterations in metabolism may come from characterization of the metabolic 'genotype' which adds to disease-related factors in the individual patient.
authors.affiliation: Abt. Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Böttcher
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Selberg
mesh_terms: D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D004032:Diet; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000378:metabolism*