title: Comparison of amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine, and placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the relative efficacy and tolerability of amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine, and placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, and to identify predictors of response to amitriptyline and cyclobenzaprine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eight patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia were entered into a 6-month prospective, double-blind, multicenter trial and were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine, or placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 month, 21%, 12%, and 0% of the amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine, and placebo patients, respectively, had significant clinical improvement (amitriptyline versus placebo P = 0.002, cyclobenzaprine versus placebo P = 0.02, amitriptyline versus cyclobenzaprine P not significant). These percentages increased to 36%, 33%, and 19%, respectively, at the 6-month assessment (P not significant). The nature and frequency of side effects reported by patients treated with amitriptyline and those reported by patients treated with cyclobenzaprine were similar. A normal Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profile at baseline was predictive of clinical improvement at the 1-month evaluation (odds ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2-9.0). However, neither the MMPI profile nor any of the demographic, clinical, or functional parameters evaluated at baseline predicted long-term response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data confirm the short-term efficacy of amitriptyline and cyclobenzaprine in a small percentage of patients with fibromyalgia. Long-term efficacy could not be demonstrated because of a higher-than-expected placebo response. Predictors of response to these drugs could not be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carette
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haraoui
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: McCain
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Bykerk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Edworthy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fam
mesh_terms: D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D010919:Placebos; D000639:Amitriptyline; C004704:cyclobenzaprine