title: Prosthesis training as a context for studying occupational forms and motoric adaptation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Occupational therapy authors frequently emphasize the importance of the use of objects in the development of motor skill. This study investigated the use of object-produced visual input in learning control of flexion and extension of an above-elbow training prosthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two male college students were randomly assigned to two training procedures: (a) two 1.5-min periods in which they used a flashlight attached to the hook of the prosthesis to connect dots on paper with light, or (b) the same time periods in which they had the opportunity to practice moving an equally weighted prosthesis, but without the light or dots. To assess motoric adaptation after training under one of the two conditions, each subject traced a continuous line through a maze with a pen attached to the hook. Deviations from the line were measured reliably.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data analysis with a Mann-Whitney test revealed that subjects in the group that trained with added materials traced with significantly more skill than subjects in the other group (one-tailed U = 225.5, p = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As predicted by occupational therapy theory, the object-produced visual input enhanced the learning of a motor skill relevant to rehabilitation. Although there is a need for more study across different occupations and populations, clinicians are urged to consider the possible benefits of the use of objects in the development of motor skills, as opposed to objectless exercise. Prosthetic training provides a useful context for future research addressing theoretical issues in motor learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond 40475.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: C Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dickinson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001186:Artificial Limbs / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011597:Psychomotor Performance