Serum and CSF levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in inflammatory neurologic diseases.
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a cell surface receptor important for cellular interactions in immune responses, especially leukocyte trafficking into inflamed tissue, is released in a soluble form (sICAM-1) into the extracellular space. In this study, we measured sICAM-1 in paired serum and CSF samples from patients with inflammatory diseases of the nervous system (IND) and calculated a sICAM-1 index as a measure of the intrathecal release of ICAM-1. In comparison with noninflammatory neurologic disease (NIND) controls, we found increased sICAM-1 index levels in viral meningoencephalitis, bacterial meningitis and, to a lesser degree, multiple sclerosis but not in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Serial examination of viral meningoencephalitis patients in most cases showed a decrease of sICAM-1 index in parallel with falling cell counts and clinical improvement. Except for those in bacterial meningitis, sICAM-1 serum levels of IND patients were not significantly different from those of NIND controls. The increased intrathecal release of sICAM-1 in viral meningoencephalitis and bacterial meningitis most likely reflects activation of macrophages and lymphocytes and provides evidence for a strong local immune response that itself, in addition to the infectious agent, may damage nervous tissue.
Jander
S
S
Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Heidenreich
F
F
Stoll
G
G
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008590:Meningoencephalitis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D009443:Neuritis / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D011129:Polyradiculoneuropathy / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1