A randomized trial of acyclovir for 7 days or 21 days with and without prednisolone for treatment of acute herpes zoster.
BACKGROUND
Acyclovir given for 7 to 10 days is of proved benefit in acute herpes zoster, but studies of its effectiveness in preventing postherpetic neuralgia have had conflicting results. The role of corticosteroids in the treatment of herpes zoster is also controversial.


METHODS
We conducted a double-blind, controlled trial in patients with acute herpes zoster to determine whether either 21 days of acyclovir therapy or the addition of prednisolone offered any improvement over 7 days of acyclovir therapy. Patients with a rash of less than 72 hours' duration were assigned to receive acyclovir (800 mg orally, five times daily) for 7 days with either prednisolone or placebo, or acyclovir for 21 days with either prednisolone or placebo. Prednisolone therapy was initiated at a dose of 40 mg per day and tapered over a three-week period. Patients were assessed frequently through day 28 and then monthly through month 6 to assess postherpetic neuralgia.


RESULTS
Of 400 patients recruited, 349 completed the study. No significant differences were detected between the four groups in the progression of the rash (P > 0.1). With steroid therapy, a significantly higher proportion of the rash area had healed on days 7 and 14 (P = 0.02). Pain reduction was greater during the acute phase of disease in patients treated with steroids or 21 days of acyclovir (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively, on day 7; P < 0.01 for steroid therapy on day 14). However, on follow-up there were no significant differences between any of the groups in the time to a first or a complete cessation of pain. The steroid recipients reported more adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
In acute herpes zoster, treatment with acyclovir for 21 days or the addition of prednisolone to acyclovir therapy confers only slight benefits over standard 7-day treatment with acyclovir. Neither additional treatment reduces the frequency of postherpetic neuralgia.
Wood
M J
MJ
Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, United Kingdom.
Johnson
R W
RW
McKendrick
M W
MW
Taylor
J
J
Mandal
B K
BK
Crooks
J
J
D000208:Acute Disease; D000212:Acyclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006562:Herpes Zoster / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
D011239:Prednisolone; D000212:Acyclovir