title: Effect of ethidium on the morphology, antiviral activity and subcellular distribution of poly r(A-U).
abstract: When ethidium bromide (EB) is combined with poly r(A-U) at an EB/ribonucleotide ratio of 1/4, the antiviral activity of the EB increases 22-fold. The increased antiviral activity is not due to increased interferon induction, direct viral inactivation or host cell cytotoxicity. Phase contrast, confocal and fluorescence microscopic observations reveal an increase in the nucleolar accumulation of the EB and/or the poly r(A-U) in the EB/poly r(A-U)-treated fibroblasts. Ultrastructure of negatively stained and replica preparations demonstrated that EB-induced condensation of poly r(A-U). These results suggest the elevated antiviral activity may be related to the altered uptake and subcellular distribution of the EB/poly r(A-U) complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio 44304.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jamison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilloteaux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adrian
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Summers
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004996:Ethidium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D011063:Poly A-U / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D011063:Poly A-U; D004996:Ethidium