title: Contrasting effects of a dietary copper deficiency in male and female mice.
abstract: Female rats are protected from the lethal effects of a dietary copper (Cu) deficiency, but female mice fed a Cu-deficient diet develop atrial thromboses and die. To further investigate the effect of sex on Cu status in mice (n = 16), male and female adult Swiss-Webster mice were fed Cu-supplemented (8.4 mg Cu/kg) or Cu-deficient (0.3 mg Cu/kg) diets with deionized water for 43-49 days. Six female mice, but only one male mouse, fed the Cu-deficient diet died during the experiment. Both male and female mice fed the Cu-deficient diet exhibited typical features of deficiency. The severity of anemia and the values observed for several indicators of Cu status (plasma ceruloplasmin [EC 1.16.3.1.] and erythrocyte copper-zinc superoxide dismutase [EC 1.15.1.1.] activities, cardiac Cu) were similar in both male and female Cu-deficient mice. However, cardiac enlargement (0.97 vs 0.73 g/100 g body wt, P < 0.05), cardiac edema (79.9% vs 78.2% cardiac water, P < 0.05) and depletion of renal Cu (10.4 vs 12.5 micrograms/g dry weight, P < 0.05) were more severe in female compared with male, Cu-deficient mice. Furthermore, although hepatic Cu was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in female Cu-deficient compared with Cu-supplemented mice, it was not significantly decreased by deficiency in male mice. These data indicate that the female mice experienced a more extreme form of Cu deficiency than the males.
authors.affiliation: USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, North Dakota 58202-7166.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Klevay
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000172:deficiency*; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000254:growth & development; D006400:Hematocrit; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D009929:Organ Size; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D002570:Ceruloplasmin