title: Toxicological profile, current use, and regulatory issues on EDTA compounds for assessing use of sodium iron EDTA for food fortification.
abstract: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of disodium and calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) for direct addition to food. The international nutrition community is interested in obtaining approval for the use of sodium iron(III) EDTA (NaFeEDTA) for dietary iron fortification because of its high iron bioavailability, its enhancement of intrinsic food iron uptake, and its stability under storage and food preparation conditions. A major concern in the United States has been the presumed extensive use of EDTA in the American food supply. Recently, an update of the estimated exposure to EDTA suggests that the exposure is much lower than previously assumed. This reduction may allow new uses of NaFeEDTA in food. The following issues are discussed in relation to the possible use of NaFeEDTA: toxicological profile of EDTA compounds, acceptable daily intake of EDTA, and estimated daily intake of EDTA in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whittaker
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Vanderveen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dinovi
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kuznesof
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Dunkel
mesh_terms: D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005504:Food Analysis; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D004492:Edetic Acid; C019179:Fe(III)-EDTA