title: Dose-volume histogram and 3-D treatment planning evaluation of patients with pneumonitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tolerance of normal lung to inhomogeneous irradiation of partial volumes is not well understood. This retrospective study analyzes three-dimensional (3-D) dose distributions and dose-volume histograms for 63 patients who have had normal lung irradiated in two types of treatment situations.
  
  
  METHODS
  3-D treatment plans were examined for 21 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 42 patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer. All patients were treated with conventional fractionation, with a dose of 67 Gy (corrected) or higher for the lung cancer patients. A normal tissue complication probability description and a dose-volume histogram reduction scheme were used to assess the data. Mean dose to lung was also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five Hodgkin's disease patients and nine lung cancer patients developed pneumonitis. Data were analyzed for each individual independent lung and for the total lung tissue (lung as a paired organ). Comparisons of averages of mean lung dose and normal tissue complication probabilities show a difference between patients with and without complications. Averages of calculated normal tissue complication probabilities for groups of patients show that empirical model parameters correlate with actual complication rates for the Hodgkin's patients, but not as well for the individual lungs of the lung cancer patients treated to larger volumes of normal lung and high doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective study of the 3-D dose distributions for normal lung for two types of treatment situations for patients with irradiated normal lung gives useful data for the characterization of the dose-volume relationship and the development of pneumonitis. These data can be used to help set up a dose escalation protocol for the treatment of nonsmall-cell lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Martel
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ten Haken
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hazuka
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Turrisi
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fraass
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lichter
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017564:Radiation Pneumonitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies