title: Comparison of intradermal and subcutaneous hyperalgesic effects of inflammatory mediators in the rat.
abstract: In recent studies, the superfusion of the corium side of the skin with inflammatory mediators failed to produce sensitization of nociceptors to mechanical stimuli. We have studied the effects of intradermal (i.d.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and bradykinin (BK) in a behavioral model of hyperalgesia. PGE2 or BK was injected into the rat hind-paw, and paw-withdrawal thresholds in response to noxious mechanical stimulation before and after the drug were compared. Subcutaneous injection of PGE2 (1-1000 ng), a hyperalgesic inflammatory mediator, did not significantly alter paw-withdrawal thresholds, under the same conditions in which i.d. injections dose-dependently lowered paw-withdrawal thresholds. Similarly, BK (1-1000 ng), another hyperalgesic mediator, given s.c. failed to significantly alter paw-withdrawal thresholds while i.d. injections dose-dependently lowered paw-withdrawal thresholds. The prostaglandin E-type, EP1 receptor antagonist SC19220 (750 ng), given s.c. prior to PGE2 (i.d.) did not significantly change PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. However, SC19220 significantly attenuated PGE2 hyperalgesia when both were injected i.d. Also, s.c. administration of the mu-opioid antagonist, DAMGO, before PGE2 did not inhibit PGE2-induced hyperalgesia as opposed to i.d. injection. These results suggest that the inability of s.c. injection of PGE2 or BK to reach its receptor site on the terminals of primary afferent nociceptors may be responsible for the ineffectiveness of these hyperalgesic mediators to sensitize cutaneous nociceptors to mechanical stimuli in the rat and underscore the importance of the site of application and site of action of hyperalgesic agents in the study of hyperalgesic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Khasar
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012531:Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004745:Enkephalins; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; D012531:Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide; D015232:Dinoprostone; D001920:Bradykinin