title: Design and evaluation of a thrombin-activable plasminogen activator.
abstract: A new chimeric plasminogen activator with high fibrin affinity was designed to bind fibrin and to initiate clot destruction, following activation by thrombin. The chimeric activator, 59D8-scuPA-T, was made from the Fab fragment of an anti-fibrin antibody (59D8) and a C-terminal portion of a thrombin-activable low molecular weight single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator, scuPA-T, obtained by deletion of Phe-157 and Lys-158 from low molecular weight single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scuPA) by site-directed mutagenesis. The chimeric molecule had a molecular mass of 91,000, a value consistent with one 59D8 light chain (M(r) = 27,000) and one 59D8 heavy-chain Fd fragment fused to low molecular weight scuPA (M(r) = 64,000). According to its design, 59D8-scuPA-T was activated by thrombin but not by plasmin, whereas the control chimeric molecule, 59D8-scuPA, was activated by plasmin but not by thrombin. When activated by thrombin, 59D8-scuPA-T converted plasminogen to plasmin. In vitro plasma clot lysis assays showed that 59D8-scuPA-T lysed clots performed by thrombin and that heparin and hirudin could prevent clot lysis. When incorporated as part of a thrombin-induced clot, only 59D8-scuPA-T was able to lyse the clot while 59D8-scuPA and high molecular weight scuPA were ineffective. Together these results demonstrate that 59D8-scuPA-T is a thrombin-activable plasminogen activator that offers selective thrombolysis of thrombin-rich clots over more established, aged clots, and may also act as an antithrombotic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Macromolecular Biochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Procyk
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Matsueda
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015195:Drug Design; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010958:Plasminogen; D013917:Thrombin; D005341:Fibrinolysin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator