title: Effects of parainfluenza type 3 virus on guinea pig pulmonary alveolar macrophage functions in vitro.
abstract: The influence of parainfluenza type 3 (PI-3) virus on the release of inflammatory mediators by guinea pig pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) was investigated in vitro. Direct application of PI-3 virus dose-dependently stimulated the generation of chemiluminescence by PAMs and induced aggregation of PAMs. No significant effects of PI-3 virus on the release of linoleic acid metabolites by PAMs were detected. However, an increased release of the arachidonic acid metabolite thromboxane B2 (TxB2) was observed when PAMs were stimulated with PI-3 virus. PAMs were also cultured for 2 h or 18 h in the presence of PI-3 virus or control medium. The production of reactive oxygen species and the release of fatty acid metabolites by these PAMs were determined upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan particles or phorbol myristate acetate. The amounts of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide produced did not differ between virus- and control medium-incubated PAMs. However, the PI-3 virus-treated PAMs generated twice as much chemiluminescence when compared to PAMs incubated with control medium. The 2-h incubation period with PI-3 virus also resulted in a decreased release of TxB2 from the PAMs upon zymosan stimulation. The changes in the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of TxB2 by PAMs could account for damage to the airways and bronchial hyperresponsiveness often seen after viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Henricks
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Esch
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Engels
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Nijkamp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008041:Linoleic Acids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide