title: Revascularization by the retropharyngeal route for extensive disease of the extracranial arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is a retrospective study of 16 patients who had an average of 3.25 arteries supplying the brain that were occluded or severely diseased. In all of them severe disease or occlusion of the left carotid and subclavian arteries precluded an ipsilateral repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  These patients with extensive extracranial arterial disease underwent revascularization from the opposite side of the neck through a retropharyngeal tunnel. Twelve patients had contraindications for a transthoracic repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no early deaths. Postoperative complications included one graft occlusion, one anastomotic disruption with hemorrhage, and one stroke, all resulting from management errors. Follow-up was 100%. Primary patency rate was 94%, and survival was 87.5%. Two patients died in the interval: one from a myocardial infarction and one from cause unknown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The retropharyngeal route is a shorter and more direct path across the neck and occasionally permits direct carotid-to-carotid transposition without the use of prosthetic bypasses. Even in the presence of extensive extracranial disease, these reconstructions have an excellent patency rate, and these patients have a survival 87.5% after a mean follow-up of 5.56 +/- 4.0 years.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berguer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013348:Subclavian Artery; D015996:Survival Rate; D014654:Vascular Patency