title: Absorption of danazol after administration to different sites of the gastrointestinal tract and the relationship to single- and double-peak phenomena in the plasma profiles.
abstract: The absorption of danazol (100 mg) after oral or intraintestinal administration to the proximal jejunum or proximal ileum has been studied in healthy female subjects. The extent of danazol absorption after administration as a solubilized glycerol mono-oleate emulsion formulation was approximately twofold and fourfold greater after oral dosing when compared with jejunal or ileal administration, respectively. Although not statistically significant in this study, the extent of absorption after jejunal administration was generally greater than after ileal administration. After oral dosing, qualitative assessment identified the presence of double peaks or major shouldering characteristics in 14 of the 16 individual danazol plasma concentration-time profiles, whereas only single peaks were present after intraintestinal administration. These data are consistent with the double peaking phenomena after oral administration of the emulsion formulation being stomach-related. The double peaking effect may be explained in terms of a probable combination of gastric emptying regulated absorption (due to the presence of the lipid in the emulsion formulation) and the dependence of danazol solubility on bile salt solubilization within the upper small intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sterling Winthrop Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Malvern, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Charman
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rogge
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Boddy
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D003613:Danazol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D007583:Jejunum
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D003613:Danazol