title: Combination diuretic treatment in severe heart failure: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (a) To test the hypothesis that a fixed 3 day course of the combination of a thiazide and loop diuretic is as effective as more prolonged treatment in the management of severe resistant cardiac failure. (b) To compare two thiazide diuretics (bendrofluazide and metolazone) in combination with loop diuretics in the treatment of severe resistant cardiac failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised study with a 2 x 2 factorial design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Provincial teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  33 consecutive patients (40 episodes) admitted with severe congestive cardiac failure (New York Heart Association class III or IV) unresponsive to intravenous loop diuretics for 48 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in daily weight and serum electrolytes and clinical improvement in heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diuresis was established during 37 of 40 episodes; of the rest two patients died in hospital. On 36 occasions improvement was sufficient to allow discharge from hospital. Median (range) maximal weight loss was -5.05 (-11.3 to 1.6) kg after the addition of bendrofluazide and -5.6 (-12.2 to 4.8) kg after the addition of metolazone (NS). Area under the body weight loss against time curves showed no significant difference between the two thiazide diuretics. Median (range) maximal weight loss after three days of treatment was -5.4 (-12.2 to 4.8) kg and -5.5 (-10.3 to 1) kg after a more prolonged course of median (range) 5.6 (1 to 13) days (NS). Area under the body weight loss time curves showed no significant difference between the two durations of treatment. Bendrofluazide was associated with fewer electrolyte disturbances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bendrofluazide and metolazone were equally effective in establishing a diuresis in patients with severe congestive cardiac failure resistant to loop diuretics. A fixed three day course of the combination was as effective as a longer course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Channer
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lawson-Matthew
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001539:Bendroflumethiazide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008788:Metolazone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D001539:Bendroflumethiazide; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine; D011188:Potassium; D008788:Metolazone