title: Pesticide exposures, cholinesterase depression, and symptoms among North Carolina migrant farmworkers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a clinic-based study of erythrocyte cholinesterase levels, pesticide exposures, and health effects among farmworkers and nonfarmworkers to determine risks for exposure and associated morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred two farmworkers and 42 nonfarmworkers were recruited sequentially at two community health centers. Erythrocyte cholinesterase levels were measured colorimetrically. Questionnaires obtained data on demographics, occupational history, exposures, and symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cholinesterase levels were significantly lower among farmworkers (30.28 U/g hemoglobin) than among nonfarmworkers (32.3 U/g hemoglobin). Twelve percent of farmworkers, but no nonfarmworkers, had very low levels. Farmworkers applying pesticides also had lower cholinesterase levels. One half of farmworkers reported being sprayed by pesticides and working in fields with an obvious chemical smell. Of reported symptoms, only diarrhea was associated with cholinesterase levels. Reported exposures, however, were strongly associated with symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Farmworkers reported many pesticide exposures that violate state and federal regulations. Farmworkers had cholinesterase levels significantly lower than those of nonfarmworkers, although only spraying pesticides was associated with very low levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Valley Medical Center, Fresno, CA 93702.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciesielski
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Loomis
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mims
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auer
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000009:adverse effects; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014171:Transients and Migrants
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase