title: Cross-linked fibrin degradation products, progression of peripheral arterial disease, and risk of coronary heart disease.
abstract: Haemostatic and rheological factors may predict cardiovascular disease. We studied patients with intermittent claudication to see if the progression of peripheral arterial disease and the risks of coronary events could be predicted by baseline packed cell volume, plasma fibrinogen, blood and plasma viscosites, von Willebrand factor antigen, cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XLFDP), urinary fibrinopeptide A, and plasma leucocyte elastase. In 617 patients with claudication followed up for one year, baseline XLFDP was related most strongly to coronary events, relative risk 4.4 (95% CI 1.3-19.0) between top and bottom quintiles. Plasma fibrinogen was the strongest independent predictor of death from coronary disease. XLFDP was the only factor, in addition to age and cigarette smoking, that was independently associated (p = 0.008) with deterioration in peripheral arterial disease. We conclude that, in patients with peripheral arterial disease, plasma concentration of XLFDP, a measure of ongoing fibrin formation and degradation, is a strong predictor of both disease progression and future coronary risk. These results accord with the hypothesis that fibrin formation contributes to progression of coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Fowkes
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Housley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rattray
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rumley
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Elton
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dawes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005344:Fibrinopeptide A / Q000652:urine; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D005344:Fibrinopeptide A; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase