title: Vertical gradient of regional lung inflation in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: We obtained chest computed tomography (CT) sections in 12 normal subjects (controls) and 17 patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to investigate regional lung inflation. A basal CT section (just above the diaphragm) was obtained in the supine position at zero cm H2O end-expiratory pressure. In each CT section the distance from ventral to dorsal surface (hT) was divided into 10 equal intervals, and 10 lung levels from ventral (no. 1) to dorsal (no. 10) were defined. Knowing the average density and the volume of each level, we computed: (1) the tissue volume; (2) the gas/tissue (g/t) ratio (index of regional inflation); (3) the hydrostatic pressure superimposed on each level (SPL), estimated as density x height. The total volume of the basal CT section was 49 +/- 2.5 ml x m-2 (mean +/- SE) in control subjects and 43 +/- 2.3 ml x m-2 in patients with ARDS (p = not significant [NS]). The tissue volume, however, was 16.7 +/- 0.8 ml x m-2 in control subjects and 31.6 +/- 1.7 ml x m-2 in patients with ARDS (p < 0.01). The g/t ratio in level 1 averaged 4.7 +/- 0.5 in control subjects and 1.2 +/- 0.2 in patients with ARDS (p < 0.01), and this ratio decreased exponentially from level 1 to level 10, both in controls and patients with ARDS. The Kd constant of the exponential decrease was 13.9 +/- 1.3 cm in control subjects and 7.8 +/- 0.8 cm in patients with ARDS (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Anestesia e Rianimazione dell'Università degli Studi di Milano-Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pelosi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pesenti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gattinoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005652:Functional Residual Capacity; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016683:Supine Position; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014692:Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio