title: Human tumor necrosis factor alpha influences rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss leucocyte responses.
abstract: Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNF alpha) and rainbow trout macrophage activating factor (postulated gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) analogue) synergised to elevate the respiratory burst activity of trout macrophages. This elevated response may parallel phenomena described in mammals where TNF alpha and gamma-IFN commonly synergise. Human rTNF alpha also synergised with mitogenic stimuli to heighten proliferation responses of trout head kidney leucocytes. These data are indicative of a conserved TNF alpha receptor on trout leucocytes (and possibly the TNF alpha molecule itself) and support the notion of an interactive cytokine network regulating immune responses in fish.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Secombes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003208:Concanavalin A