title: Prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicosis in dogs, using hypertonic saline solution as the vehicle of administration.
abstract: We determined whether administration of cisplatin in hypertonic saline solution would prevent significant decrease in renal function, as measured by exogenous creatinine clearance, in healthy dogs. A single dose of cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface) was mixed in 3% saline solution and was infused IV (6.5 ml/kg of body weight) over a 20-minute period to 6 healthy dogs. Exogenous creatinine clearance was determined prior to treatment of dogs with cisplatin and again on days 3 and 21 after administration of cisplatin. All 6 dogs vomited at least once within 12 hours of treatment with cisplatin; however, clinically important changes in appetite, body weight, or hydration status were not apparent during the 21-day study. Although mean values for exogenous creatinine clearance decreased from baseline on days 3 and 21, changes were not significantly different. Renal histologic lesions included mild, chronic, lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis in 5 dogs, and presumably, were unrelated to treatment with cisplatin. Mild renal tubular atrophy (n = 2) and tubular necrosis (n = 1) may have developed secondary to treatment with cisplatin. Results of this study indicated that administration of a single dose of cisplatin in 3% saline solution to healthy dogs was not associated with significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate. This is a convenient protocol for administering cisplatin; however, additional study is required before it can be recommended for clinical patients, especially those with preexisting renal disease or those receiving multiple doses of cisplatin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fallin
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kenny
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000662:veterinary; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D003404:Creatinine; D002945:Cisplatin