Direct and indirect mechanisms mediating apoptosis during HIV infection: contribution to in vivo CD4 T cell depletion.
The gradual depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes during the development of AIDS may be due, at least in part, to a process referred to as apoptosis. This process involves a Ca2+ dependent nuclear endonuclease that cleaves the chromatin at internucleosomal junctions. In addition, we have recently provided evidence that apoptosis may be responsible not only for the progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes but may be operative in CD8+ T lymphocytes as well. Here, we describe mechanisms which by direct and indirect pathways may induce apoptosis during HIV infection and thus leading to elimination of T cells.
Gougeon
M L
ML
Department of AIDS and Retroviruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Laurent-Crawford
A G
AG
Hovanessian
A G
AG
Montagnier
L
L
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D004249:DNA Damage; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008251:Macaca; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D017260:Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000502:physiology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000473:pathology; D014779:Virus Replication
D002843:Chromatin; D015488:HIV Antigens; D017260:Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell; D015759:Ionomycin; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; D002118:Calcium