title: Pulsed microamperage stimulation: a controlled study of healing of surgically induced wounds in Yucatan pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microamperage direct current and microamperage electromagnetic stimulation are used to accelerate healing in bone. Although many clinicians are using microamperage stimulation to relieve pain and facilitate wound healing, there is significant question regarding whether this low-intensity direct current significantly accelerates soft tissue wound repair. The purpose of this study was to determine whether low-voltage pulsed microamperage current (100 microA, 60 V, 0.1 Hz) enhances the healing of superficial, full-thickness, or incisional wounds created to simulate acute abrasions, ulcers, and lacerations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten adult Yucatan mini pigs served as the subjects for this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Variables associated with healing were measured in 60 matched pairs of surgically induced partial-thickness, full-thickness, and incisional wounds after either sham or anodal (positive-polarity) stimulation with pulsed microamperage current (100 microA) was administered for 1 hour per day for 5 days. Sterile, disposable electrodes (2 x 4 cm) were placed over each wound, which was kept wrapped and protected throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 7 days postinjury, all wounds were healing well with no signs of infection. There were no differences in tensile strength, collagen density, maturity, or deposition (hydroxyproline), wound size, or visual appearance between the sham treatment and treatment lesions. No changes in local subcutaneous oxygen or temperature were found in the swine during or after microamperage stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study did not provide any evidence to support the use of microamperage stimulation to accelerate wound healing. No negative effects, however, were found. Further research is needed to determine whether there is a critical interaction between the size of the electrode relative to the wound, the density of the current, the duration of the treatment, the polarity of the treatment electrode, and the acuity or chronicity of wounding and the effectiveness of microcurrent stimulation for wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143-0736.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Byl
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hopf
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scheuenstuhl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*