title: IP3 receptor-mediated spatial and temporal Ca2+ signaling of the cell.
abstract: It is now revealed that "intracellular Ca2+ excitation" exists for the generation of spatial and temporal Ca2+ signals based on Ca2+ release from stores. It could be understood in analogy with electrical excitation in the cell surface, the plasma membrane. A local Ca2+ response is generated by the second messenger IP3 following agonist/receptor binding and PI turnover, corresponsing to the receptor potential or excitatory synaptic potential in neurons. The local Ca2+ response triggers a regenerative "intracellular Ca2+ spike" corresponding to the action potential. The regenerative process is the inherent property of the IP3R/Ca2+ release channel which is under positive and negative feedback controls by cytosolic and luminal Ca2+, like activation and inactivation of the voltage-gated Na+ channel. An intracellular Ca2+ spike can be induced artificially by local application of Ca2+, like induction of the action potential by a depolarizing pulse. The Ca2+ spike propagates as a spatial Ca2+ signal throughout the cell, as the action potential does. The excitation is followed by a refractory period. Repeated Ca2+ spikes are generated, depending on the magnitude of stimulus. Interval between Ca2+ spikes depends on the readiness of Ca2+ stores in terms of the sensitivity of the IP3R and extent of Ca2+ accumulation. The cycle of Ca2+ mobilization includes extracellular medium. The intracellular Ca2+ signals are thus frequency-encoded. The temporal pattern of transient Ca2+ pulses may be favorable for accomplishing cellular functions without the side effect of cell toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D008954:Models, Biological; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; C506926:ITPR1 protein, human; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D002118:Calcium