title: Serial neurologic examinations after near drowning and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated serial neurologic examinations after warm water near drowning to determine how rapidly survivors with poor neurologic outcome could be identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated pediatric hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with an abnormal mental status after near drowning during a 5-year period. Follow-up was a minimum of 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 14-point coma scale was used to evaluate both cortical and brain-stem function at the time of hospital admission and then daily afterward. The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to compare patients grouped as having satisfactory outcomes (those who returned to their presubmersion baseline or had very mild deficits) and unsatisfactory outcomes (total custodial care or death). Significance was defined as P < .05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All satisfactory survivors were sufficiently awake to have spontaneous, purposeful movements 24 hours after near drowning and had normal brain-stem function. All children without spontaneous, purposeful movements and normal brain-stem function 24 hours after near drowning suffered severe neurologic deficits or death. In this retrospective investigation of 44 children, the cortical examination 24 hours after warm water near drowning distinguished satisfactory survivors from children who required total custodial care or died.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bratton
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jardine
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Morray
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015701:Near Drowning / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome