title: Rapid and transient alterations in transglutaminase activity in rat superior cervical ganglia following denervation or axotomy.
abstract: The activity of transglutaminase (TG), a Ca(2+)-dependent enzyme contributing to cross-linkage formation of intracellular polypeptide chains decreased rapidly to ca. 25% of control level in superior cervical ganglia (SCG) within 0.5 h following denervation. The reduced level was maintained for at least 24 h. By contrast, following axotomy, ganglionic TG activity increased by ca. 50% within 1 h, maintained the increase to 4 h, and returned to control level by 24 h. When SCG were transferred to aerobic in vitro incubation conditions 3 h following denervation, the addition of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, trifluoperazine (TFP, 10 micrograms/ml), to the medium partially reversed the denervation-induced reduction in ganglionic TG activity. Addition of a PKC activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA, 1 microM), had no effect on the TG activity. These findings suggest that the pathway resulting in the rapid, denervation-induced inhibition of TG activity may involve the transsynaptic activation of PKC. When SCG were placed in vitro 3 h following axotomy, addition of nerve growth factor (NGF, 0.25 micrograms/ml) to the medium reversed approximately one-half of the axotomy-induced increase in TG activity. Thus, following axotomy, the reduction in delivery to the SCG of NGF, which can be transported retrogradely within the axon and is indispensable for morphological and functional survival of sympathetic neurons, may trigger the transient, axotomy-induced TG activation in the SCG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatematsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003714:Denervation; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D017783:Superior Cervical Ganglion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014268:Trifluoperazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D012794:Sialic Acids; D014268:Trifluoperazine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011503:Transglutaminases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate