title: Assessment of pulmonary edema based on extravascular thermal volume in dogs.
abstract: To establish criteria of pulmonary edema by extravascular thermal volume (ETV), ETV and a roentgenogram of the thorax were compared in normal and experimental hydrostatic pulmonary edema dogs. ETV was measured by the double indicator dilution technique using heat as a diffusible indicator and sodium ions as a non-diffusible indicator (thermal-Na method). Mean ETV in 14 dogs under physiologic conditions was 8.20 +/- 1.44 ml/kg. Comparison of ETV with the roentgenogram indicated the density of thoracic the roentgenogram to increase when ETV exceeded 11 ml/kg. Pulmonary edema was recognized clearly in the thoracic roentgenogram at more than 15 ml/kg of ETV. Further increase in ETV did not occur with additional radiographic change. ETV was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) but not statistically correlated with colloid oncotic pressure (COP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) or PAWP-COP. Measurement of ETV would thus, appear to be a reliable method for evaluating the severity of pulmonary edema, which has been difficult to diagnose by roentgenography and should facilitate the early diagnosis and management of pulmonary edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misumi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D004283:Dog Diseases; D004285:Dogs; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000662:veterinary