title: Immunization practices of primary care practitioners and their relation to immunization levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess variations in immunization practices and attitudes among primary care providers and to relate these characteristics to the immunization levels of their patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monroe County, New York.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of pediatricians (n = 96) and family practitioners (n = 44) to assess immunization practices and attitudes and medical chart reviews for 1884 patients of 32 physicians who practice in the city of Rochester to measure immunization levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tabular analyses for survey responses (chi 2 test and Fisher's Exact Test); logistic regression to assess the relation between provider responses and measured immunization levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses by pediatricians and family practitioners were similar. Most providers did not routinely immunize during acute-illness visits but did immunize during follow-up or chronic-illness visits. Few used tracking systems to identify underimmunized children. Most practitioners immunized children who had colds but withheld immunizations from children who had fevers or otitis media. Most providers agreed with expanding immunization programs to include sick visits, health department clinic visits, and community site visits, but most thought that they should not be provided at emergency department visits, except for very-high-risk children. Immunization levels at 10 months of age were positively correlated with private practice setting (P = .001) but negatively correlated with immunizing at acute- (P < .01) or chronic-illness (P < .05) visits, Medicaid coverage (P < .05), and high rates of appointments that were not kept (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary care providers' immunization practices and attitudes vary and do not always follow established guidelines for immunization delivery. Many providers of high-risk children are already attempting to improve immunization delivery by using patient reminders and by immunizing children at acute- or chronic-illness visits. Improving provider immunization practices to deliver childhood immunizations more effectively must be part of our efforts to resolve this nation's childhood immunization problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Szilagyi
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Roghmann
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Humiston
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Raubertas
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rodewald
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009518:New York; D010372:Pediatrics; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires