Role of primary health care in the control of schistosomiasis. The experience in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
The control programme for schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia was started in 1975 as a central vertical programme. With the adoption of the primary health care approach a pilot scheme that integrated the control of all endemic diseases, including schistosomiasis, within the functions of primary health care centres was carried out. In Riyadh, the scheme was started in 1984 when subcentres for the control programme were established as a first step for complete integration. A training programme was extended to personnel in primary health care centres, including physicians, nurses, and health inspectors with the help of experts from World Health Organization (WHO). A survey of the population at risk in areas with high prevalence was done regularly accompanied by treatment of cases. Snail control was an important activity of the health inspectors with a three months repeat of the control procedures. The result of this programme is a significant reduction in the prevalence of both urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis, from 13.2% in 1983 to 0.17% in 1989. Among the 7453 water sources surveyed in 1989, only 7 were positive for snails (0.1%). About two thirds of those who were affected were expatriates coming from areas of high prevalence of schistosomiasis. Details of the control programme and its impact on the control of the disease are presented in this paper.
Jarallah
J S
JS
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh.
al-Shammari
S A
SA
Khoja
T A
TA
al-Sheikh
M
M
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D010571:Pest Control; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012547:Schistosoma; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*