title: Capacitative Ca2+ entry regulates Ca(2+)-sensitive adenylyl cyclases.
abstract: A number of the currently described adenylyl cyclase species can be regulated by Ca2+ in the submicromolar concentration range in in vitro assays. The regulatory significance of these observations hinges on whether a physiological elevation in intracellular Ca2+ can regulate these cyclase activities in intact cells. However, achieving a physiological elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ is complicated by the fact that hormonal increases in cytosolic Ca2+ can be accompanied by additional effects, such as liberation of beta gamma-subunits of G-proteins and activation of protein kinase C, which can have disparate type-specific effects on cyclase activities. Therefore we have devised a strategy based on capacitative Ca2+ entry to show that, when types I and VI adenylyl cyclase are expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, they are stimulated and inhibited respectively by Ca2+ entry. Blockade of Ca2+ entry by La3+ ions blocks the effects of Ca2+ entry on cyclic AMP synthesis. These studies establish that adenylyl cyclases deemed to be sensitive to Ca2+ in in vitro assays can be regulated by physiological Ca2+ entry, and therefore, such cyclases are poised to respond to changes in intracellular Ca2+ in tissues in which they are expressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiono
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahey
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000378:metabolism; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin
chemical_list: D013729:Terpenes; D019284:Thapsigargin; D007811:Lanthanum; D002217:Carbachol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D002118:Calcium