title: Protein kinase A mediates growth-regulated expression of yeast ribosomal protein genes by modulating RAP1 transcriptional activity.
abstract: Yeast ribosomal protein genes are coordinately regulated as a function of cell growth; RNA levels decrease during amino acid starvation but increase following a carbon source upshift. Binding sites for RAP1, a multifunctional transcription factor, are present in nearly all ribosomal protein genes and are associated with growth rate regulation. We show that ribosomal protein mRNA levels are increased twofold in strains that have constitutively high levels of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A [PKA]) activity. The PKA-dependent induction requires RAP1 binding sites, and it reflects increased transcriptional activation by RAP1. Growth-regulated transcription of ribosomal protein genes strongly depends on the ability to regulate PKA activity. Cells with constitutively high PKA levels do not show the transcriptional decrease in response to amino acid starvation. Conversely, in cells with constitutively low PKA activity, ribosomal protein mRNAs levels are lower and largely uninducible upon carbon source upshift. We suggest that modulation of RAP1 transcriptional activity by PKA accounts for growth-regulated expression of ribosomal protein genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Struhl
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011953:Receptors, Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D020668:rap GTP-Binding Proteins
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011953:Receptors, Cyclic AMP; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D002244:Carbon; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D020668:rap GTP-Binding Proteins