title: Multiple blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections in sexually transmitted disease clinic and hospital emergency room patient populations.
abstract: The degree of coinfections with blood-borne or sexually transmitted pathogens (HIV-1, HTLV-I/II, HBV, HCV, HDV, and Treponema pallidum) were assessed in individuals attending sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic and patients admitted to a hospital through the emergency room in Baltimore. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunoblots, and card tests were used to screen the sera. Nearly one third of the individuals in both populations were infected with one or more pathogens. With some minor exceptions, all individuals with dual or multiple infections had antibodies reactive with the HBV core antigen. There was a strong overall association between the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 and the presence of antibodies to HBV core and HCV in both populations. Additionally, the presence of HIV-1 antibodies was significantly associated with the presence of HTLV-I/II antibodies and HBV surface antigen in the STD population and with a positive RPR test result in the H/ER population. We suggest that HIV-1 and/or HTLV-I/II infected individuals in STD clinic and emergency rooms are highly likely to have had past infections with HBV or HCV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Constantine
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Marsiglia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006800:Deltaretrovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology