title: Topical levocabastine compared with orally administered terfenadine for the prophylaxis and treatment of seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a new topical (nasal spray and eye drops) H1-receptor antagonist, levocabastine, with that of orally administered terfenadine for the prophylaxis and treatment of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 115 patients with documented birch pollen allergy were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group trial. Treatment was initiated immediately before the birch pollen season started and continued for a total of 8 weeks. Xylometrazoline (Otrivin) nasal spray was permitted as rescue medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The investigator's evaluation of symptoms showed similar effects for levocabastine and terfenadine. Both the patients' and the investigator's global evaluations of ocular and nasal symptoms disclosed a somewhat higher percentage of good or excellent results for levocabastine, but the differences were not statistically significant. Visual analog scale ratings from the patients' diaries showed better results for levocabastine. Levocabastine was significantly more effective than terfenadine in relieving sneezing, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, itch, and burning sensation (p < 0.05). For some symptoms, levocabastine was significantly more effective than terfenadine on days when the pollen count was high. There were no statistically significant differences in the use of rescue medication or in the incidence of adverse reactions reported in each treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study topical levocabastine was frequently more effective than orally administered terfenadine for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Both drugs were well-tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Bogstadveien O-N-H Klinikk, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Søhoel
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Freng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poppe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rebo
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Korsrud
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Garud
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Woxen
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012074:Remission Induction; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016593:Terfenadine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010880:Piperidines; D016593:Terfenadine; C047340:levocabastine