title: The elevation of plasma beta-endorphin levels in major depression.
abstract: Day-time plasma beta-endorphin/beta-lipotrophic hormone (beta-ENDO/beta-LPH), ACTH and cortisol have been determined in 26 patients with major depression and 25 controls. beta-ENDO/beta-LPH and cortisol were significantly elevated in patients, while ACTH was not. Cortisol levels were significantly negatively correlated with age in controls as were beta-ENDO/beta-LPH and ACTH. In patients, by contrast, cortisol levels were positively, albeit not significantly, related to age. Peptide levels were not related to age in the patient group. Instead, beta-ENDO/beta-LPH was negatively correlated with clinical ratings of symptom severity in patients and positively associated with an acute psychosocial precipitant. The findings cast further light on beta-ENDO/beta-LPH as a measure of hypothalamic-pituitary over activity in depressive illness. A negative association with symptom severity suggests that beta-ENDO/beta-LPH responses are, like those of ACTH, down-regulated in the course of depressive illness.
authors.affiliation: MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, UK.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Ebmeier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bennie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dick
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood*; D008083:beta-Lipotropin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001615:beta-Endorphin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D008083:beta-Lipotropin; D006854:Hydrocortisone