title: Neuropsychological deficits, caregivers' perception of deficits and caregiver burden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested three hypotheses about the effects of perceived and actual patient deficits on caregiver burden: (1) objective patient deficits directly influence caregiver burden; (2) caregiver burden is the result of caregiver perceptions of patient deficits; (3) objective patient deficits influence caregiver burden indirectly by determining perceived deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Causal modeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital-based out-patient diagnostic clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  An elderly sample (n = 136) referred to a diagnostic dementia clinic and their caregivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neuropsychological tests of patient functioning, a measure of patient mood (the Geriatric Depression Scale), caregiver perceptions of patient functioning, and a measure of caregiver burden (the Burden Interview).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Geriatric Depression Scale and neuropsychological battery-based indices of functioning were not predictive of caregiver burden. Caregiver perceptions of patient dysphoria, and of everyday functioning skills were related to burden. Caregiver perceptions of patient memory, self-care, and language skills were unrelated to caregiver burden.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are consistent with the Lazarus and Folkman model of stress and coping; the caregiver's perceptions of the patient's functioning were the most important determinants of caregiver burden. Objective patient deficits influenced caregiver burden indirectly by influencing caregiver perceptions of patient deficits. These findings suggest that practitioners attempting to assess and manage caregiver burden should attend to the caregivers' perceptions of patient mood and everyday functioning. The relationship of caregiver appraisals with actual patient deficits also sheds light on the nature of caregiver stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hadjistavropoulos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuokko
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Beattie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013315:Stress, Psychological