title: Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 concentrations as predictors of outcome in ventricular assist device patients before heart transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the serum concentrations of some circulating cytokines (as highly sensitive markers of inflammation) are of value in predicting the outcome of patients with cardiogenic shock and end-stage heart disease, who undergo ventricular assist device implantation until heart transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with cardiogenic shock or end-stage heart disease were consecutively selected for this study, if assist device implantation was performed as a bridge to heart transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The circulating concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were monitored from the beginning to the end of assist device support two to three times a week, using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In all patients, circulating IL-6 and IL-8 values were increased shortly after assist device implantation. In patients with uncomplicated courses, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations decreased after an initial increase and were low at the time of transplantation, whereas serum cytokine concentrations increased and remained increased in the nonsurvivors (survivors vs. nonsurvivors, p < .001). Circulating IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha concentrations were rarely detectable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring of IL-6 and IL-8 values during ventricular assist device support provides a means of early identification of high-risk patients that may allow optimization of antimicrobial therapy and selection of the appropriate time for transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Institute, Berlin.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Czerlinski
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Friedel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liebenthal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Baehr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hetzer
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Volk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha