title: Impact of improved irradiation technique, age, and lymph node sampling on the severe complication rate of surgically staged endometrial cancer patients: a multivariate analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limited information is available regarding factors that predispose to complications following postoperative pelvic radiotherapy (RT) for endometrial cancer. To address this issue, patients with clinically staged I/II endometrial cancer who received postoperative RT following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH/BSO) with or without lymph node sampling (LNS) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1960 through 1990, 235 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium received postoperative RT after surgical staging. Multiple factors were evaluated to determine associations with severe complications. Pretreatment factors included age, stage, comorbidities. Treatment-related factors consisted of LNS, total RT dose, volume of RT fields, dose per fraction, total number of RT fields, number of RT fields treated per day, machine energy, and addition of vaginal implant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year actuarial risk of a severe complication was 5.5%. Factors associated with an increased risk of complications in univariate analysis included age more than 65 years (11% v 2%), use of only one portal per day (40% v 3%), use of anteroposterior/posteroanterior fields (23% v 4%), total dose > or = 50 Gy (8% v 2%), and LNS (11% v 3%). In a multivariate analysis, only older age, LNS, and the use of one field per day were significant. Increased risks associated with a total dose > or 50 Gy and the anteroposterior/posteroanterior technique were entirely attributable to the use of one field per day. A subanalysis among patients who had adequate RT techniques (eg, multiple fields treated per day) showed a significant increase in complications (7% v 1%) for those with and without LNS, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe complications associated with adjuvant RT for endometrial cancer were increased among patients who were older or underwent LNS or received suboptimal RT technique. Pelvic RT using proper methods can be delivered with acceptable risks.
authors.affiliation: Conjoint Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center/Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Corn
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lanciano
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Greven
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noumoff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hanks
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Fowble
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors