title: ATPF1 binding site, a positive cis-acting regulatory element of the mammalian ATP synthase alpha-subunit gene.
abstract: An analysis of the promoter of a bovine and human nuclear-encoded mitochondrial ATP synthase alpha-subunit gene (ATPA) revealed the presence of a positive control element. DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that this cis-acting regulatory element contains a binding site for a protein present in human HeLa nuclei, termed ATP factor 1 (ATPF1). The ATPF1 binding site contains the sequence, CANNTG, a sequence identical to the recognition site for a family of transcription factors containing a basic region adjacent to a helix-loop-helix domain. Site-directed point mutations of the basic helix-loop-helix binding site demonstrated the critical role of this element for both binding of ATPF1 and also for transcriptional activation of the ATPA gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75083-0688.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vander Zee
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Breen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D051836:COUP Transcription Factors; D002417:Cattle; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008322:Mammals; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051836:COUP Transcription Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases