title: Interleukin 13 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 production in primary blood-derived human macrophages in vitro.
abstract: The mechanisms by which cellular immunity maintains the asymptomatic state after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are poorly understood. CD4+ T lymphocytes play a complex role in regulating anti-HIV effector pathways, including activation of macrophages, which are themselves implicated in clinical latency and pathogenesis of symptomatic acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We have found that a newly identified T helper type 2 lymphokine, interleukin 13 (IL-13), inhibits HIV-1ADA and Ba-L replication in primary tissue culture-derived macrophages but not in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Viral production in cells was measured by viral protein (p24) and reverse transcriptase levels, while entry was assessed by proviral DNA analysis at timed intervals after infection. Inhibition by IL-13 was dose and time dependent and not mediated through altered viral entry, reverse transcription, or viral release. IL-13 is therefore a candidate cytokine for the suppression of HIV infection within monocytes and macrophages in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Montaner
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Herbein
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Illei
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minty
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caput
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D018793:Interleukin-13; D007378:Interleukins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins