title: Adenosine agonists reduce conditioned avoidance responding in the rat.
abstract: Because adenosine agonists may possess therapeutic potential as antipsychotic agents, we examined the activity of several prototypic agents in vivo in blocking conditioned avoidance responding (CAR) in the rat, a behavioral test predictive of antipsychotic efficacy in humans. Potency in blocking CAR is directly proportional to potency in alleviating schizophrenia. Hence, the adenosine A1-selective agonists [cyclopentyl adenosine (CPA) and (R)-phenylisopropyl adenosine (R-PIA)], A2-selective agonists [CV-1808 and (2-(p-(carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethyl-carboxamido adenosine (CGS 21680)], and a nonselective agonist [5'-N-carboxamido adenosine (NECA)] were examined in this test. Block of CAR was first determined for standard antipsychotic agents [ED50 mg/kg, IP, and 95% confidence level (CL) in parentheses], such as haloperidol [0.23 (0.18, 0.39)], trifluoroperazine [(0.9 (0.7, 1.0)], thioridazine [12.5 (10.5, 15.3)], metoclopramide [7.8 (6.4, 9.2)], and chlorpromazine [4.9 (4.2, 5.9)]. The paradigm consisted of a light- and tone-signaled footshock that could be avoided via a discrete lever press. Affinity for A1 and A2 binding sites in brain tissue from Fischer 344 rats was ascertained to be similar to that seen in other rodent strains. Each adenosine agonist blocked CAR. NECA [ED50 value (95% CL) = 0.07 (0.004, 0.12) mg/kg, IP] was the most potent agent, followed by: R-PIA [0.34 (0.23, 0.44)]; CGS 21680 [1.1 (0.8, 2.0)]; CV-1808 [1.3 (1.0, 1.8)]; and CPA [1.5 (1.3, 1.7)]. Pretreatment with caffeine (25 mg/kg, IP, -10 min) blocked the inhibition of CAR produced by the adenosine agonists, suggesting the event is mediated via purinergic receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Central Research, Collegeville, PA 19426.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Jarvis
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002375:Catalepsy / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004597:Electroshock; D005260:Female; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000187:drug effects; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D002110:Caffeine; D000241:Adenosine