title: Alterations of neutrophil responses to tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-8 following human endotoxemia.
abstract: Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a neutrophil chemoattractant and activating cytokine, has been implicated as a proinflammatory mediator in gram-negative sepsis. In vitro data support the notion of IL-8 as an endothelial adherence inhibitor. To evaluate this issue, we infused six volunteers with reference endotoxin and measured plasma levels of IL-8, neutrophil tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptors, TNF-alpha-induced adherence to fibronectin, and neutrophil chemotaxis to IL-8 and other attractants. We found that, at 3 h postinfusion, IL-8 but not TNF-alpha plasma levels were elevated. Neutrophils had shed L-selectin (mean channel fluorescence decrease, 79 +/- 9 to 49 +/- 7; P = 0.0625) and TNF-alpha receptors (decrease in number of receptors per cell, 1,596 +/- 340 to 574 +/- 93; P = 0.004). Cells were chemotactically desensitized to IL-8. TNF-alpha-induced adherence to fibronectin was suppressed from 69% +/- 5% of the phorbol myristate acetate response to 38% +/- 7% (P = 0.0154). These findings support the notion that release of IL-8 into the vascular space may be an in vivo mechanism for suppression of neutrophil accumulation at extravascular sites. L-Selectin loss would reduce the ability of neutrophils to adhere to activated endothelial cells. The specific loss of migratory response to IL-8 would impair neutrophil delivery to areas where IL-8 was the predominant chemoattractant. Loss of TNF-alpha-induced adherence to fibronectin would blunt those responses, including production of oxidants, capacitated by adherence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Solomkin
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bjornson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tindal
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Babcock
mesh_terms: D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate