title: Effect of xylitol and sorbitol in chewing-gums on mutans streptococci, plaque pH and mineral loss of enamel.
abstract: Seventeen subjects with more than 3 x 10(5) mutans streptococci per millilitre of saliva completed this randomised, cross-over study. Four different chewing-gums, containing: (1) 70% xylitol, (2) 35% xylitol + 35% sorbitol, (3) 17.5% xylitol + 52.5% sorbitol, and (4) 70% sorbitol, were tested. The participants used 12 pieces of each gum per day for 25 days. During the four experimental periods, they wore a removable palatinal plate containing two demineralised enamel samples, and brushed their teeth with a non-fluoridated toothpaste. The results showed that an increased concentration of xylitol in the gum resulted in a lower number of mutans streptococci in both saliva and dental plaque, although the decreases were only significant in the saliva samples (p < 0.01). The pH drop in plaque, measured in vivo after a 1-min mouthrinse with a 10% sorbitol solution, was least pronounced after the 70% xylitol gum and most pronounced after the 70% sorbitol gum period (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found after a mouthrinse with a 10% sucrose solution. All demineralised enamel samples lost mineral during the experimental periods. However, the lesion depth as well as the mineral loss values, assessed microradiographically, did not differ significantly between the four chewing-gums.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wennerholm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birkhed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruben
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Emilson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Dijkman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D012636:Secretory Rate; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014993:Xylitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D008903:Minerals; D013012:Sorbitol; D014993:Xylitol