title: Association of visual impairment with mobility and physical function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of distant vision and physical function in the population of older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional and cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  5143 older residents of three communities (Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly) who were interviewed in 1988-89, including residents of two communities who were re-interviewed 15 months later (n = 3133, 97% of those eligible).
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual acuity screening, self-reported activities of daily living and mobility, and objective physical performance measures of balance, walking, and rising from a chair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Limitations in mobility, activities of daily living, and physical performance were associated with worse visual function. In prospective analyses controlling for potential confounders, participants with severe visual impairment had 3-fold higher odds of incident mobility and activity of daily living limitations than those with acuity of 20/40 or better (P < 0.001). In prospective analyses investigating the relationship of vision with improvement in function, those with poor vision were about half as likely to improve as those with better acuity, but this relationship was only statistically significant for improvement in mobility limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distant visual function appears to play an important role in physical function, particularly for mobility. An intervention to improve vision in at-risk elders might preserve function and prevent disability; this warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Salive
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guralnik
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Christen
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ostfeld
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D014787:Vision Tests; D014792:Visual Acuity