title: Adenylyl cyclase in human and bovine trabecular meshwork.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the basic characteristics and responses of adenylyl cyclase in trabecular tissues. Because the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate can lower intraocular pressure by increasing outflow facility, it is of interest to know which signalling pathways stimulating adenylyl cyclase are involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adenylyl cyclase activity of bovine and human trabecular meshwork membrane fractions and of whole tissue homogenates (bovine) to forskolin, manganese, fluoroaluminate, isoproterenol, prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2, PGF2 alpha), and vasoactive intestinal peptide, were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In bovine trabecular meshwork particulate fractions, adenylyl cyclase was stimulated 3.3- and 2.6-fold over basal by 60 and 2 microM forskolin, respectively, 2.2-fold by fluoroaluminate, and 1.5-fold by PGE1 and PGE2, whereas no or a very week response was obtained with PGF2 alpha, isoproterenol, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. PGE1-induced stimulation was dose-dependent and G-protein-dependent, which provides evidence for EP receptor-mediated activation. Whole tissue homogenates of bovine trabecular meshwork did not differ from the particulate fractions. In human trabecular meshwork membrane fractions adenylyl cyclase stimulation was more pronounced, 12.4- and 5.5-fold by 60 and 2 microM forskolin, respectively, 8.2-fold by fluoroaluminate, and 3-fold by PGE1 and PGE2. PGF2 alpha had no effect. Significant stimulation was obtained with isoproterenol (2.8-fold) and with vasoactive intestinal peptide (1.8-fold).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human and bovine trabecular meshwork can be stimulated at all known activation levels of adenylyl cyclase. The human adenylyl cyclase system, especially receptor-coupled activity, is more sensitive than that of bovines. Beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation, PGE2, and vasoactive intestinal peptide may have a local physiologic function by activating adenylyl cyclase in human trabecular meshwork.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hoyng
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Mittag
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D011453:Prostaglandins; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases