title: The predictive power of self-rated health, activities of daily living, and ambulatory activity for cause-specific mortality among the elderly: a three-year follow-up in urban Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the predictive power of self-rated health, activities of daily living (ADL), and ambulatory activity for different causes of death in a representative sample of older persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-year prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sendai City, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  2,552 persons 65 years and older at baseline in 1988.
  
  
  METHODS
  Independent variables (measured by self-report of participants) were age, sex, self-rated health, ADL, ambulatory activity level, and use of medical care. Dependent variables were mortalities from cancer, stroke, and heart disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-rated health significantly predicted cancer mortality but not the other two causes of mortality. ADL disability was a significant predictor for stroke mortality, and limitation in ambulatory activity significantly increased the risk of heart disease mortality. The associations between ADL and stroke mortality as well as between ambulatory activity and heart disease mortality remained significant even after excluding those who reported having the index disease in 1988.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The predictive powers of self-rated health, ADL function, and ambulatory activity varied significantly with the underlying causes of death among the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Keyl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hisamichi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinoda
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012647:Self-Assessment; D014504:Urban Health