Operation for recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Predictors of short- and long-term efficacy.
The success of ventricular operation in ablating drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia secondary to ischemic heart disease varies with surgical technique, the presence of certain identified risk factors, and patient selection biases. Forty-eight patients with drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia secondary to ischemic heart disease underwent directed ventricular operation. All patients had previous myocardial infarction, and 46 of 48 patients had a left-ventricular aneurysm. Mapping was done in 81% of patients. Patients underwent a combination of subendocardial resection, aneurysmectomy, and cryoablation. The operative mortality rate was 8%. Age greater than 65 years was the only risk factor for operative mortality. Forty-one patients underwent postoperative programmed electrical stimulation. In 26 patients (63%) tachycardia was noninducible, whereas it was inducible in 15 patients (37%). Stepwise logistic regression identified septal and inferior focus location as the most significant predictors of outcome. Septal focus location was a significant (p = 0.008) predictor of surgical success whereas inferior focus location was a significant (p = 0.015) predictor of surgical failure. Other identified independent risk factors for surgical failure were (1) use of cardioplegia, (2) lack of a completed intraoperative endocardial map, and (3) decreased ejection fraction. This generated model to predict success or failure had a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 92.4%. The success of ventricular operation is affected by the presence of certain risk factors. In the management of those patients at high risk for failure, other surgical options such as the placement of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator electrode patches at the time of ventricular operation or the alternative placement of a palliative implantable cardioverter-defibrillator should be considered.
Lee
R
R
Department of Surgery (Cardiac Surgical Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114-2696.
Mitchell
J D
JD
Garan
H
H
Ruskin
J N
JN
McGovern
B A
BA
Buckley
M J
MJ
Torchiana
D F
DF
Vlahakes
G J
GJ
D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D003452:Cryosurgery; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004699:Endocardium / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure