title: A common response element mediates differential effects of phorbol esters and forskolin on type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression in human breast carcinoma cells.
abstract: We have characterized regulation of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) gene expression by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the cAMP-inducing agent forskolin in the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. PMA caused a strong induction of PAI-1, while forskolin suppressed the PMA response. Transfection experiments with fusion genes showed that sequences mediating PMA induction as well as forskolin suppression were present between base pairs -100 and -30 of the 5'-flanking region of the PAI-1 gene. The region was found to contain two Sp1 binding sites. A proximal sequence in the region, TGAGTTCA (P box), with sequence similarity to phorbol ester response elements (TRE) as well as to cAMP response elements (CRE), bound a low-abundance, as yet unidentified nuclear protein in MCF-7 cells. This sequence had a higher affinity to purified c-jun homodimer than to c-jun/c-fos heterodimer in MCF-7 nuclear extracts; it had no affinity to the proteins binding to CRE consensus sequences in these extracts. A distal TRE-like sequence, TGAGTGG (D box), had a weak affinity to c-jun/c-fos heterodimer and c-jun homodimer; binding of proteins to this sequence was facilitated by binding of proteins to the P box. Both the P box and the D box were necessary for PMA responsiveness, suggesting a cooperativity between the two binding sites. A mutation of the P box removing the CRE similarity abolished the forskolin suppression of the PMA response. We propose that the protein kinase C and the protein kinase A signal-transduction pathways, with opposite effects on PAI-1 gene expression converge by modulating differently P-box-binding proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olesen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ungaro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Andreasen
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate