title: Validity and feasibility of nasopharyngeal end-tidal carbon dioxide tension monitorings: a novel approach in spontaneous breathing patients.
abstract: Conventional end-tidal CO2 (Pe'CO2) monitoring is difficult and impractical in nonintubated patients who are either sedated or anesthetized while spontaneous respiration is maintained. An alternative technique using nasopharyngeal end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PNe,CO2) has been developed. The present study evaluates the feasibility and validity of PNe,CO2 as a reliable respiratory monitoring method. Sixty patients in ASA class status I or II and scheduled for elective surgery were divided into two groups. In group 1 (n = 30), conventional Pe'CO2 was used in intubated patients under general anesthesia. In group 2 (n = 30), PNe,CO2 monitoring was used in patients under regional anesthesia with spontaneous respiration maintained. A 12 FG suction catheter, connected to the sampling tube of a CO2 analyzer, was inserted via the nasal airway to within 1 cm of the nasopharyngeal orifice. Arterial blood gas (PaCO2) was sampled 25 minutes after the operation began, Pe'CO2 (group 1) and PNe,CO2 (group 2) were recorded simultaneously. In both groups, PaCO2 was highly correlated with Pe'CO2 (r = 0.6938) and PNe,CO2 (r = 0.8613). The difference between the two values, (a-e')PCO2 = 0.35 +/- 0.33kPa and (a-Ne')PCO2 = -0.1 +/- 0.51kPa, indicates that PNe,CO2 is more closely correlated to PaCO2 than conventional Pe'CO2. The reduced (a-Ne')PCO2 in group 2 may be explained by CO2 rebreathing and a reduced respiratory deadspace during anesthesia and spontaneous breathing. Interestingly, 60% of the (a-Ne')PCO2 measurements were negative values, suggesting that PNe,CO2 and a spatial V/Q mismatch is caused by sedation; higher CO2 production and CO2 rebreathing may explain the results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C.
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: W Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Susceto
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Cherng
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D009305:Nasopharynx; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012119:Respiration; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide