title: Myocardial viability in asynergic regions subtended by occluded coronary arteries: relation to the status of collateral flow in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine whether angiographically visualized collateral vessels in patients with chronic coronary artery disease imply the presence of viable myocardium in asynergic regions subtended by completely occluded coronary arteries.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic coronary artery disease who are being considered for revascularization frequently exhibit angiographically visualized collateral vessels to completely occluded coronary arteries supplying severely asynergic myocardial regions. However, little is known about the relation between angiographic collateral flow and myocardial viability in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 42 patients with 78 completely occluded coronary arteries supplying asynergic territories. Angiographic collateral vessels were interpreted as absent (grade 1) in 14 patients, minimal (grade 2) in 27 and well developed (grade 3) in 37. Myocardial viability was determined with positron emission tomography using nitrogen-13 (N-13) ammonia and fluorine-18 (F-18) deoxyglucose for assessment of regional perfusion and glucose uptake, respectively. Positron emission tomographic patterns were interpreted as mismatch (perfusion defect with enhanced F-18 deoxyglucose uptake); transmural match (severe concordant reduction or absence of both perfusion and F-18 deoxyglucose uptake) or nontransmural match (mild to moderate concordant reduction of both perfusion and F-18 deoxyglucose uptake).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant correlation (p = 0.14) between the severity of perfusion deficit assessed by positron emission tomography and the collateral grade. The extent of mismatch was unrelated to either the presence or the magnitude of collateral vessels. Conversely, with increasing collateral vessels from grade 1 to 3, the total extent of positron emission tomographic match remained similar, whereas the ratio of transmural to nontransmural match decreased. Myocardial viability was usually present in severely hypokinetic regions (82%). It was lower in akinetic-dyskinetic regions (49%). Of the 64 regions with angiographic collateral vessels, 37 (58%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 46% to 70%) showed positron emission tomographic mismatch. In contrast, 7 (50%) of 14 (95% CI 24% to 76%) regions without collateral vessels on angiography exhibited positron emission tomographic mismatch. The presence of angiographically visualized collateral vessels was a sensitive (84%) but not specific (21%) marker of viability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with chronic coronary artery disease, angiographically visualized collateral vessels to asynergic myocardial regions subtended by occluded coronary arteries do not always imply the presence of viable myocardium, suggesting that revascularization may not always provide a functional benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology 90024-1721.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Carli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rokhsar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schelbert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maddahi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left