title: The latissimus dorsi muscle for detrusor assistance: functional recovery after nerve division and repair.
abstract: The treatment of choice for bladder atonia is clean intermittent catheterization. To eliminate the catheter-related morbidity and increase the quality of life for patients with an atonic bladder, the restoration of bladder contractility would be desirable. Based on our hypothesis that skeletal muscle might augment bladder contractility, we designed the present study to examine the ability of the latissimus dorsi muscle in situ to empty a bladder-like reservoir and to regenerate after division and repair of the supplying motor nerve. In 4 dogs, the left latissimus dorsi muscle was dissected, mobilized and wrapped around a bladder substitute (100-ml. silicone reservoir). Stimulation of the thoracodorsal nerve resulted in the evacuation of 63.8 +/- 6.2% of the reservoir's volume and a maximum pressure of 109.5 +/- 18.6 cm. H2O. Four months later, the thoracodorsal nerve supplying motor control to the muscle was transected and microsurgically reanastomosed. Using transcutaneous stimulation, we recorded the pressure generation and resulting evacuation at regular intervals for 8 months (that is, 12 months after the initial surgery). At the end of this period, the pressure was 79.3 +/- 12.1 cm. H2O (72.4% of the initial value), expelling 48.3 +/- 6.7% of total volume. This long-term study demonstrates: (1) the ability of the transposed latissimus dorsi muscle to evacuate a bladder-like reservoir; and (2) the regenerative potential of muscle and nerve after nerve transsection and repair. Use of skeletal muscle, which can be readily stimulated, may serve to facilitate bladder emptying and provide a treatment alternative to intermittent catheterization in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: von Heyden
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaula
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jakse
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Tanagho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D011312:Pressure; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*