title: Changes in intra- or extracellular pH do not mediate P-glycoprotein-dependent multidrug resistance.
abstract: P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) is thought to result from active extrusion of lipid-soluble, titratable chemotherapeutic agents. Given the lack of demonstration of coupling between ATP hydrolysis and drug transport, the resistance to chemically unrelated compounds, and findings of elevated intracellular pH (pHi), it has been proposed that reduced intracellular accumulation of drugs in MDR is due to changes in the pH difference across the plasma membrane. Elevation of pHi or decrease in local extracellular pH (pHo) could reduce the intracellular accumulation of the protonated chemotherapeutic drugs and account for Pgp-mediated MDR. Alternatively, changes in pHi or pHo could increase drug efflux by other mechanisms, such as coupled transport involving H+ or OH-, or allosteric effects on Pgp or other proteins. Both mechanisms could operate independently of the charge of the substrate. The possibility of a role of pHi in drug efflux is important to test because of the clinical significance of the phenomenon of MDR of tumors. We tested this hypothesis and found that MDR can occur in cells with low, normal, or high pHi. Further, resistant cells exhibited reduced steady-state drug accumulation and increased efflux without changes in local pHo. Finally, acute changes in pHi had no appreciable effect on Pgp-mediated drug efflux. We conclude that Pgp-mediated MDR is not a consequence of changes in pHi or pHo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0641.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Altenberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reuss
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D020112:Rhodamine 123; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012235:Rhodamines; D020112:Rhodamine 123