title: Superoxide enhances the spread of HIV-1 infection by cell-to-cell transmission.
abstract: Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-induced disease. We examined the effect of superoxide (O2-) on HIV-1 spread in cultured human CD4+ cell lines. The O2- significantly enhanced cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1, although its effect on HIV-1 replication was not evident, presumably due to its cytostatic activity. The effect was notable on the HIV-1 transmission from macrophages to T lymphocytes by endogenous, macrophage-generated O2-. This amplification was specifically reduced to the steady-state level by antioxidants, and further to the basal level by anti-CD4 antibodies, indicating the specificity of O2- for enhancing HIV-1 spread by cell-to-cell transmission.
authors.affiliation: Section of Serology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kameoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikuta
mesh_terms: D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D002460:Cell Line; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D013481:Superoxides