title: Beneficial effects of metoprolol in heart failure associated with coronary artery disease: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This clinical trial was performed to determine the safety and clinical impact of titrated metoprolol therapy in patients with heart failure, documented coronary artery disease and a low ejection fraction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite known cardiodepressant effects, long-term use of beta-adrenergic antagonists appears to be beneficial in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. However, this therapy has not been critically evaluated in patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 50 patients with heart failure, known coronary artery disease and an ejection fraction < or = 0.40, we examined the impact of metoprolol therapy in a 6-month double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial, assessing the frequency of heart failure exacerbations and changes in symptoms (New York Heart Association functional class), ejection fraction and exercise duration. Placebo-treated patients who completed 6-month follow-up studies then underwent a trial with metoprolol therapy (crossover group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metoprolol was titrated to a mean maximal dose of 87 mg/day (range 25 to 100) without serious adverse reactions. During double-blind therapy, use of a beta-blocker was associated with a significant reduction in the number of hospital admissions (4% vs. 32%, p < 0.05), overall improved functional class (p = 0.02), increased ejection fraction (4 +/- 7% [mean +/- SD] compared with 0 +/- 6%, p < 0.05) and a greater increase in exercise duration (193 +/- 276 vs. 38 +/- 213 s with placebo, p < 0.01). Crossover outcome paralleled the favorable impact seen during randomized metoprolol therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cautious use of titrated metoprolol appears to be safe and beneficial when added to standard heart failure therapy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy associated with coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Plotnick
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008790:Metoprolol