title: Novel genetic association between ulcerative colitis and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease have well-recognized familial tendencies, but the genetic basis of this clinical observation remains unknown. The cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist is a potent anti-inflammatory protein that can prevent immune-mediated bowel inflammation in animals. We have previously characterized a polymorphism within the gene for this cytokine and others in the genes for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The aim of this study was to determine whether inflammatory bowel disease was associated with particular alleles of these polymorphic cytokine genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The allelic frequencies of these polymorphic cytokine genes were determined in patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 113), Crohn's disease (n = 78), and healthy controls (n = 261).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allele 2 of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist was significantly over-represented in the ulcerative colitis patients: 35% versus 24% in controls (P = 0.007). Carriage of at least one copy of this allele gave an odds ratio of 2.0 for ulcerative colitis compared with controls. This association with allele 2 of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist was greatest in patients with total colitis and was not seen in Crohn's disease. There were no associations between UC and any of the other cytokine genes examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This observation provides evidence that interleukin-1 receptor antagonist may have a role in determining the genetic susceptibility to and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, England.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Tarlow
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Di Giovine
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Holdsworth
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Duff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015335:Molecular Probes; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1