title: Blowing away shot pain: a technique for pain management during immunization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of an active distraction technique on pain in preschool children receiving diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus immunization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, unblinded controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Columbus Public Health Department Immunization Clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-nine 4- to 7-year-old children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children were taught to blow out air repeatedly during the injection, as if they were blowing bubbles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children who were taught to blow out air during their shots had significantly fewer pain behaviors (P < .04) and demonstrated a trend toward lower subjectively reported pain (P = .06). There was no significant difference in the nurse or parent visual analog scale scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple distraction technique can be effective in helping children cope with the pain of immunization. The use of such a technique to relieve the pain and distress associated with even a brief painful procedure should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Columbus 43205.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Painter
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Coury
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine