title: The effect of increasing doses of beta-agonists on airflow in patients with chronic airflow limitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the increase in FEV1 associated with increasing doses of inhaled terbutaline and salbutamol, the reproducibility of the increase in FEV1, and the reproducibility of the associated optimal bronchodilator dose, in patients with chronic airflow limitation (CAL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial examining spirometric response to cumulative doses of bronchodilators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with clinical diagnosis of CAL, FEV1 below 70% predicted, and FEV1 to FVC ratio less than 0.7 after administration of bronchodilator recruited from secondary care respirology practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The estimates of maximum and optimal bronchodilation, as well as the associated drug dosages, were established in each patient on three occasions (twice on terbutaline and once on salbutamol). The 'optimal' drug dose was defined as the lowest dose associated with an FEV1 not exceeded by 50 ml on any other dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients completed the trial. FEV1 improved from 0.93 to a maximum of 1.191 with terbutaline (average of the two administrations) and from 0.951 to 1.141 with inhaled salbutamol (difference in increase in FEV1 between terbutaline and salbutamol P = 0.006). In less than 50% of cases administration of more than four puffs of bronchodilator resulted in FEV1 increase by more than 50 ml. The average dose of salbutamol and terbutaline associated with optimal bronchodilation were 430 micrograms and 1160 micrograms respectively. Patients varied widely in the optimal dose. Estimates of optimal dose were not reproducible (intraclass correlation coefficient < 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial incremental increase in FEV1 in response to increasing doses of beta-agonists beyond those commonly used in clinical practice is restricted to a minority of patients. Lack of reproducibility limits the clinical usefulness of establishing the optimal dose of beta-agonist for a given patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaeschke
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Guyatt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McIlroy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ramsdale
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haddon
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D013726:Terbutaline; D000420:Albuterol