title: Organic brain dysfunction and cognitive deficits in young schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia.
abstract: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) has been associated with cognitive deficits, especially in older psychiatric patients on neuroleptic medication. This study investigated the relationship between presence of TD, organic brain dysfunction (OBD), and cognitive deficits in young psychiatric outpatients maintained on minimal doses of oral neuroleptics, with anticholinergics prescribed only on as-needed basis. Sixty-four patients, aged 20-39 years, were evaluated for the presence of abnormal movements, localizing and nonlocalizing physical signs, and deficits in memory, ability to shift, and sustained attention. Sixteen patients showed definite signs of TD. Significant associations were found between TD and OBD, and between cognitive deficits and OBD, but not between TD and cognitive deficits. Significant regression predictors of TD were the interaction between OBD and previous dystonia, as well as duration of neuroleptic treatment. These findings suggest that some potential risk factors for TD already identified in the literature also apply to younger patients with relatively shorter exposure to neuroleptics. However, the results indicate that the relationship between movement disorders and cognitive deficits may be more apparent in older patients.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche en Neurobiologie, Université Laval Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pourcher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baruch
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents