title: Dynamic response of a neonatal catheter-manometer system in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop, validate, and apply a flush-pulse method to determine the dynamic response of a neonatal catheter-manometer system (CMS) in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the flush-pulse method, the opened fast-flush valve of the CMS is closed; as a result, the fluid column in the CMS is impacted. This procedure can be done without affecting the net flow of infusion fluid. We validated the method in laboratory conditions by comparing 14 paired results obtained with this method to the results obtained using a generally accepted step-response method. The measurable values are the resonance frequency (fr) and the damping coefficient (delta). The analysis of the flush-pulse method in situ is complicated by the patient's blood pressure wave. A remedy for this problem that is based on the first derivative of the pressure signal has been developed. The flush-pulse method is applied 14 times in situ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In laboratory settings, the fr ranged from 12.5 to 64.0 Hz and delta ranged from 0.14 to 0.32. The correlation coefficient was 0.99 for fr and 0.91 for delta. We found four overdamped systems in situ (delta > 1). In other systems fr values between 8.5 and 41.0 Hz and delta values between 0.16 and 0.72 were observed. The dynamic response in situ appeared to deteriorate with time due to routine intensive care procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The flush-pulse method proved to be a valid test for determining the dynamic response. The results obtained in situ emphasize the need for a regular evaluation of the dynamic response of the neonatal CMS in order to assess the shape of the pressure wave.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physics, Saint Joseph Hospital, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Langen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brienesse
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kopinga
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wijn
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015924:Blood Pressure Monitors; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011674:Pulse / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014160:Transducers, Pressure