title: Abetalipoproteinemia is caused by defects of the gene encoding the 97 kDa subunit of a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein.
abstract: Abetalipoproteinemia is an inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. Affected individuals produce virtually no circulating apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and lipoprotein (a)). Malabsorption of the antioxidant vitamin E occurs, leading to spinocerebellar and retinal degeneration. Biochemical and genetic studies show that abetalipoproteinemia is not a defect of lipid biosynthesis or of the apolipoprotein B gene. Instead a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, which exists as a complex with protein disulphide isomerase in the endoplasmic reticulum, has been implicated. We have cloned and sequenced the human cDNA encoding microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. The predicted amino acid sequence shows extensive homology to vitellogenin, the precursor of the lipovitellin complex, which has been shown by X-ray crystallography to contain a large lipid storage cavity. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein is expressed in ovary, testis and kidney, in addition to liver and small intestine. A homozygous mutation that disrupts splicing has been identified in affected siblings with classical abetalipoproteinemia. These results elucidate a key process in the packaging of apolipoprotein B with lipid, and should increase our understanding of the processes regulating the production of atherogenic lipoproteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Shoulders
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brett
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bayliss
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Narcisi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jarmuz
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Grantham
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pease
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000012:Abetalipoproteinemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002417:Cattle; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005838:Genotype; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008297:Male; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D010375:Pedigree; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; C506642:CETP protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D014280:Triglycerides