title: Parental risk and resistance factors among children with juvenile rheumatic disease: a four-year predictive study.
abstract: Examined the extent to which baseline functioning and parental risk and resistance factors predicted disease-related (functional disability and pain) and psychosocial functioning (social competence and behavior problems) 4 years later among 172 children with juvenile rheumatic disease. The study also examined the extent to which fathers' risk and resistance factors explained patients' adaptation, above and beyond maternal factors. Poorer baseline functioning was a strong risk factor that predicted poorer functioning 4 years later. In addition, parental risk and resistance factors at baseline predicted patients' adjustment after patients' age and baseline functioning were controlled. Mothers' and fathers' personal strain and depressed mood, and fathers' drinking problems, were associated with poorer patient adjustment; mothers' and fathers' social functioning appeared to aid patients' adjustment. Fathers' risk and resistance factors contributed independently from those of mother, to predict patients' outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs and Stanford University Medical Centers, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Timko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Moos
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012803:Sick Role; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support