title: ATP formation and ATP hydrolysis during fatiguing, intermittent stimulation of different types of single muscle fibres from Xenopus laevis.
abstract: This report describes changes of the rate of ATP hydrolysis in single, intact muscle fibres during the development of fatigue induced by intermittent tetanic stimulation. High (type 3) and low (type 1) oxidative muscle fibres dissected from the iliofibularis muscle of Xenopus laevis were studied at 20 degrees C. The rate of ATP hydrolysis was calculated during different time intervals from changes in the content of nucleotides, creatine compounds and lactate, as well as lactate efflux and oxygen uptake. During the first phase of intermittent stimulation, phosphocreatine is fully reduced while the rate of oxygen consumption increases to its maximum, the lactate content increases to a maximum level, and a small amount of IMP is formed; the rate of ATP hydrolysis in type 3 fibres is constant while force decreases, whereas the rate decreases approximately in proportion to force in type 1 fibres. After the first phase, the rate of ATP hydrolysis in type 3 fibres decreases slightly and the fibres reach a steady metabolic state in which the rates of ATP formation and hydrolysis are equal; in type 1 fibres a drastic change of the rate of ATP hydrolysis occurs and a steady metabolic state is not reached. On the basis of the time courses of the metabolic changes, it is concluded that the rate of ATP hydrolysis in type 3 fibres is reduced by acidification and/or a reduced calcium efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, whereas in type 1 fibres inorganic phosphate and/or acidification inhibit the rate initially and ADP is a likely candidate to explain the drastic fall of the rate of ATP hydrolysis during late phases of fatiguing stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), Research School Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nagesser
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Van der Laarse
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elzinga
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D009711:Nucleotides; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003401:Creatine; D002118:Calcium