title: The International Personality Disorder Examination. The World Health Organization/Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration international pilot study of personality disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the aims of the World Health Organization/Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration joint program on psychiatric diagnosis and classification is the development and standardization of diagnostic assessment instruments for use in clinical research worldwide. The International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) is a semistructured clinical interview compatible with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and the DMS-III-R classification systems. This is the first report of the results of a field trial to investigate the feasibility of using the IPDE to assess personality disorders worldwide.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IPDE was administered by 58 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to 716 patients enrolled in clinical facilities at 14 participating centers in 11 countries in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. To determine interrater reliability, 141 of the IPDEs (20%) were independently rated by a silent observer. To determine temporal stability, 243 patients (34%) were reexamined after an average interval of 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IPDE proved acceptable to clinicians and demonstrated an interrater reliability and temporal stability roughly similar to instruments used to diagnose the psychoses, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to assess personality disorders with reasonably good reliability in different nations, languages, and cultures using a semistructured clinical interview that experienced clinicians find relevant, meaningful, and user-friendly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Loranger
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sartorius
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buchheim
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Channabasavanna
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Diekstra
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014481:United States; D014482:United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; D014944:World Health Organization