title: Pathways and mechanisms involved in neural control of laryngeal submucosal gland secretion.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to define the pathways and mechanisms involved in the neural regulation of laryngeal mucosal gland functions. In anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated dogs, the responses of laryngeal submucosal glands to stimulation of laryngeal mechanoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors were examined by measuring the number of hillocks and volume of secreted fluid before and after activation of sensory nerve endings. Compared with a control period, the number of hillocks and volume of secreted fluid significantly increased (P < 0.05) with mechanical stimulation of the vocal folds (n = 13) and with chemical activation of peripheral chemoreceptors by systemic administration of sodium cyanide (100 micrograms/kg; n = 11). The reflex responses induced by vocal fold stimulation and activation of peripheral chemoreceptors were slightly decreased by interrupting transmission in the recurrent laryngeal nerves (P > 0.05) and were abolished by subsequent sectioning of superior laryngeal nerves or prior intravenous administration of atropine methylnitrate (P < 0.05). In denervated animals, topical application of nicotine on laryngeal epithelium caused significant activation of submucosal glands (P < 0.05). We conclude that laryngeal secretion can be significantly altered reflexly by stimulation of laryngeal sensory nerve endings and peripheral chemoreceptors, that both superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves convey cholinergic outflow to laryngeal submucosal glands, and that nicotine acting locally activates laryngeal submucosal glands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio 44106.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hejal
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Strohl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erokwu
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Cherniack
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Haxhiu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012966:Sodium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine; D001285:Atropine; D012966:Sodium Cyanide