title: Recovery following outpatient anesthesia: use of enflurane versus propofol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the intraoperative conditions and postoperative recovery of patients following the use of either propofol-nitrous oxide (N2O) or enflurane-N2O for maintenance of outpatient anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, single-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital outpatient surgery center.
  
  
  METHODS
  61 ASA physical status I and II, healthy female outpatients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to one of three anesthetic regimens. Group 1 (control) received thiopental sodium 4 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.), followed by 0.5% to 1.5% enflurane and 67% N2O in oxygen (O2). Group 2 received propofol 2 mg/kg i.v., followed by 0.5% to 1.5% enflurane and 67% N2O in O2. Group 3 received propofol 2 mg/kg i.v., followed by propofol 50 to 160 micrograms/kg/min i.v. and 67% N2O in O2. All patients received succinylcholine 1 mg/kg i.v. to facilitate tracheal intubation and atracurium 10 to 20 mg i.v. to provide adequate relaxation during the maintenance period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recovery from anesthesia was assessed by a research nurse who was unaware of the anesthetic technique used. The mean +/- SD time to eye opening was significantly longer in the thiopental-enflurane-N2O group (Group 1) than in the propofol-propofol-N2O group (Group 3) (6.1 +/- 2.5 minutes vs. 3.5 +/- 2.8 minutes, respectively). In addition, the mean time to respond to verbal commands was significantly shorter in the propofol induction groups compared with the thiopental induction group. However, the use of enflurane versus propofol for maintenance of anesthesia did not significantly prolong the time from arrival in the recovery room to sitting, tolerating oral fluids, walking, or being judged "fit for discharge." There were no differences among the three groups with respect to postoperative pain or analgesic requirements. Finally, patients who received enflurane for maintenance of anesthesia had a significantly higher frequency of nausea and vomiting than the propofol maintenance group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induction of anesthesia with propofol is associated with a more rapid emergence from anesthesia than induction with thiopental. Maintenance of anesthesia with enflurane did not prolong recovery compared with maintenance with propofol, but enflurane was associated with increased frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fredman
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001364:Awareness / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004737:Enflurane / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010351:Patient Discharge; D015742:Propofol; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013874:Thiopental; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D004737:Enflurane; D013874:Thiopental; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D015742:Propofol