title: Aerosolized pentamidine for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with cancer intolerant or allergic to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is the drug of choice for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients. In children with malignancy, TMP/SMX is well tolerated, but adverse reactions that necessitate discontinuation can occur. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine (AP) as an alternative prophylaxis modality in children with malignancy who are intolerant of or allergic to TMP/SMX.
  
  
  METHODS
  AP (200 mg/m2 every 4 weeks) was administered to 60 children with malignancy receiving chemotherapy who had experienced severe adverse reactions to TMP/SMX. Seven hundred twenty doses of AP have been administered during a 3 1/2-year period (21,600 patient-days), with 30 patients treated for > or = 12 months (range, 12 to 25).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse reactions occurred during 79 (10%) of the 720 treatments and included bronchospasm in 23, cough in 40, vomiting in 10, and nausea in six. Only two patients had severe bronchospasm. AP was discontinued due to toxicity in three patients (5%). None of the patients (upper 95% confidence limit, 0.049) have developed PCP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AP appears to be well tolerated and effective in the prevention of PCP in children with malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9063.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pappo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cash
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Winick
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Buchanan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000336:Aerosols; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D010419:Pentamidine; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination