title: Interaction of Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase with sulfonamides and diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone).
abstract: Dihydropteroate synthase is the target enzyme for the sulfonamide compounds, which are the mainstay of therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a common infection in patients with impaired immunity. The stability of this enzyme, its kinetic constants with respect to substrates, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of several sulfonamides and the sulfone dapsone have been characterized using both cell-free and intact organism assay systems. Stability of the enzyme is dependent on storage temperature, reducing reagents, and to a lesser extent, protease inhibitors. The sulfonamides sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole were found to be highly potent inhibitors of P. carinii dihydropteroate synthase with IC50s of 0.42 and 0.71 microM, respectively. Dapsone had equivalent potency when compared with the most potent sulfonamides tested in both assay systems. Data suggest that sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine and dapsone may represent equivalent choices as P. carinii dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors, assuming an equivalent in vivo drug exposure can be achieved.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute-Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and Critical Care Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20889.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Voeller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Andrawis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masur
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Allegra
mesh_terms: D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002474:Cell-Free System; D003622:Dapsone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004094:Dihydropteroate Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007700:Kinetics; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000201:enzymology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D013449:Sulfonamides; D003622:Dapsone; D004094:Dihydropteroate Synthase; D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid