title: Neutralizing antibody responses to autologous and heterologous isolates of human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: Although laboratory-adapted strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are generally highly sensitive to neutralization by HIV-positive patient sera, we have found a more complex pattern of cross-neutralization and neutralization resistance among low-passage clinical isolates. These HIV isolates, like many other lentiviruses, resisted neutralization by the patient's own (autologous) antibodies. We assessed the degree of antigenic relatedness between different patient isolates of HIV through cross-neutralization with heterologous sera and virus isolates. Complicated patterns emerged, with variation in breadth of neutralization among individual plasmas and variation in frequency of neutralization among isolates. In longitudinal studies of individuals, we found that some but not all such patients develop a neutralizing response that "catches up" with their earlier isolates after a lag period. Taken together, these data suggest that an individual's immune response broadens with time because of cumulative exposure to multiple antigenic variants that arise throughout HIV disease.
authors.affiliation: Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Health Services, Berkeley 94704.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wrin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003429:Cross Reactions; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000382:microbiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D007106:Immune Sera