title: Pretransport Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score underestimates the requirement for intensive care or major interventions during interhospital transport.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that a pretransport Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score underestimates the requirement for both intensive care and interventions during pediatric interhospital transport.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children were treated in a regional hospital and then transported to a pediatric tertiary care center by a pediatric critical care specialty team.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (n = 156) with a median age of 1.3 yrs (range newborn to 18 yrs).
  
  
  METHODS
  None related to the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two sets of Pediatric Risk of Mortality scores were calculated: one from data collected over the telephone at the time of the referral (Referral PRISM), and one from both the referring hospital's records and from data collected by the transport team on arrival at the referring hospital and before the team provided any intervention (Team PRISM). The admission area used on arrival at the tertiary care center (intensive care unit [ICU] vs. non-ICU) and the number of major clinical interventions performed by both the referring hospital staff and the transport team were recorded. The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System was used to assess the cumulative level of medical care provided up to 8 hrs after admission to the pediatric tertiary care hospital. No patient died during transport. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 5.1%. Median Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System scores were higher for patients admitted to the ICU (16 vs. 4, p < .001). Whereas median PRISM scores were significantly higher in those children admitted to the ICU (4 vs. 0, p < .001), 58 (75%) of 77 ICU admissions had a Team PRISM score of < or = 10. Forty-four (71%) of 62 children who required at least one major intervention at some time during the transport process and 15 (63%) of 24 children who required at least one major intervention by the transport team had a Team PRISM score of < or = 10. Referral PRISM scores underestimated Team PRISM scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRISM scores determined before interhospital transfer of pediatric patients underestimated the requirement for intensive care and the performance of major interventions in the pretransport setting. Many patients with low PRISM scores required intensive care on admission to the receiving hospital and major interventions during the transport process, and, therefore, were not at "low risk" for clinical deterioration. The PRISM score should not be used as a severity of illness measure or triage tool for pediatric interhospital transport.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Venkataraman
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Cinoman
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hogue
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Singleton
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McCloskey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003422:Critical Care; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D009026:Mortality; D010360:Patient Transfer; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index