title: Staging and survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: The staging of renal cell carcinoma was initiated in the United States with the systems of Flocks and Robson. The development of the TNM system began in Europe, evolved through several stages and is now being employed throughout the world. The predictive value of the current TNM system is supported by patient survival data. Practitioners treating renal cell carcinoma are encouraged to utilize the TNM classification.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Biology, Hektoen Institute for Medical Research, Chicago, IL 60612.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guinan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saffrin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology