title: Evaluation of recent pharmacy graduates' practice patterns, professional lifelong learning, pharmacy organization memberships, and salary.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document information on recent bachelor of science (B.S.) pharmacy graduates' practice patterns, professional lifelong learning (PLL) methods, pharmacy organization memberships, and salary. The association between advanced training and education on PLL methods, pharmacy organization membership, and salary are explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pertinent literature was identified by MEDLINE searches (1966-1992).
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of a Fall 1991 survey of recent B.S. pharmacy graduates (n = 371) of the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy are reported (55 percent response rate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospital pharmacists devoted more time to PLL outside of work (18.00 +/- 17.89 h/mo) than community pharmacists (9.93 +/- 8.76 h/mo), t = 5.02, degrees of freedom (df) = 289, p < 0.001. Graduates who had completed an advanced degree program, residency, or fellowship (advanced degree/training [ADT]) spent more time in PLL (17.76 +/- 10.63 h/mo) compared with graduates who had only obtained a B.S. degree (10.63 +/- 8.56 h/mo), t = 3.80, df = 311, p < 0.001. Graduates who had ADT were more likely to belong to multiple pharmacy organizations (2.14 +/- 1.38 organizations) than hospital pharmacists (1.61 +/- 1.27 organizations) and community pharmacists (1.11 +/- 1.06 organizations). Of the pharmacists who graduated in 1989 and 1990 (one to two years postgraduation), 55 percent belonged to the American Pharmaceutical Association. This declined to 19 percent of the graduates from 1984 and 1985 (six to seven years postgraduation), a 62 percent decline in membership. Membership in the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) was held by 19 percent of graduates one to two years after graduation; and 34 percent of graduates belonged to ASHP six to seven years after graduation, an 81 percent increase. Graduates with ADT (compared with graduates with the B.S. degree only) showed the strongest correlation of membership affiliation, which was about equal with ASHP (phi = 0.32) and ACCP (phi = 0.33). Although pharmacists changed their individual pharmacy organization memberships during the first seven years after graduation, there was no evidence of a decline in overall interest in pharmacy organization membership. Pharmacists who had completed ADT had an annual mean salary of $51,112 +/- $10,012; those pharmacists who did not complete an ADT program had an annual mean salary of $46,440 +/- $7802, a difference of $4672 per year. Hospital pharmacists who had obtained ADT had an annual mean salary of $51,840 +/- $9765; B.S. pharmacists without ADT in hospital practice had an annual mean salary of $43,603 +/- $8192, a difference of $8237 per year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacists' PLL methods, organization memberships, and salaries varied significantly by their practice site and the completion of an ADT program.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pitterle
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Raehl
mesh_terms: D004513:Education, Pharmacy, Continuing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012957:Societies, Pharmaceutical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014922:Wisconsin