title: Slow potentials in the atrioventricular junctional area of patients operated on for atrioventricular node tachycardias and in isolated porcine hearts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to 1) investigate extracellular electrograms in the atrioventricular (AV) junctional area of patients with AV node reentrant tachycardia, 2) compare them with recordings made in isolated porcine hearts, and 3) study their origin.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Electrograms with slow components have been used to target the delivery of radiofrequency energy for the cure of AV node reentrant tachycardia. The origin of these electrograms is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 human and 19 porcine hearts, extracellular recordings were made simultaneously from 64 sites. In five other porcine hearts, intracellular recordings were made at sites at which extracellular electrograms revealed slow potentials. Histologic investigations were carried out in four of these hearts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrograms with slow components were recorded in five human and eight porcine hearts. These signals were found at sites up to 12 mm from the His bundle. Characteristics of the electrograms did not differ significantly among human and porcine hearts. Electrophysiologic evidence for multiple pathways was present in four hearts. Superficial impalements with microelectrodes at sites with slow potentials showed action potentials with AV node characteristics. In the majority of these recordings, the upstroke coincided with the downstroke of slow potentials. Histologic investigations of the sites of impalement revealed transitional cells directly underneath the endocardium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Slow potentials were recorded in both human and porcine hearts in similar measure. They arise from transitional cells and have action potentials similar to N cells.
authors.affiliation: Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Bakker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coronel
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Opthof
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tasseron
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: van Hemel
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Defauw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion; D013552:Swine; D013611:Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery