title: Cardiopulmonary effects of a combination of medetomidine and butorphanol in atropinized pigs.
abstract: Cardiopulmonary effects of a combination of medetomidine and butorphanol were evaluated in atropinized pigs. This combination unchanged the cardiac output and significantly lowered the oxygen consumption compared with base-line values. Although some statistically significant changes were recorded, both medetomidine and butorphanol did not have a marked effect on the cardiopulmonary parameters in atropinized pigs. It was indicated that the administration of the combination of medetomidine and butorphanol is relatively safe in atropinized pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002369:Castration; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020926:Medetomidine; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013552:Swine; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; D001285:Atropine; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol