title: Nerve endings with structural characteristics of mechanoreceptors in the human scleral spur.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The innervation of the scleral spur region was investigated to learn whether mechano-receptors are present in this region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial tangential sections and whole-mount preparations of the scleral spur region of 18 human eyes of different ages were investigated with electronmicroscopic and immunohistochemical methods. For immunohistochemistry antibodies against neurofilament-proteins, synaptophysin, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine-hydroxylase, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and acetylcholinesterase were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Club- or bulb-shaped nerve endings with a diameter of 5 microns to 25 microns were identified in the scleral spur region throughout the whole circumference of the eyes. The terminals derive from myelinated axons with a diameter of approximately 3 microns and stain with antibodies against neurofilament-proteins and synaptophysin but do not stain for tyrosine-hydroxylase, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, acetylcholinesterase, NPY, VIP, SP, or CGRP. Electronmicroscopically, the endings contain abundant neurofilaments, granular and agranular vesicles of different sizes, numerous mitochondria, and lysosome-like lamellated structures. The endings are incompletely ensheathed by Schwann cells. Those areas of the cell membrane of the endings that are not covered by Schwann cells are in intimate contact with the fibrillar connective tissue elements of the scleral spur.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These structural features are highly characteristic for mechanoreceptive nerve endings in other tissues of the human body. The authors therefore hypothesize that the club-or bulb-shaped nerve endings in the human scleral spur are afferent mechanoreceptors that measure stress or strain in the connective tissue elements of the scleral spur. Such changes might be induced by ciliary muscle contraction and/or by changes in intraocular pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy II, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Tamm
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flügel
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lütjen-Drecoll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000294:innervation*; D001369:Axons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012590:Sclera / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins