title: Protein phylogeny gives a robust estimation for early divergences of eukaryotes: phylogenetic place of a mitochondria-lacking protozoan, Giardia lamblia.
abstract: A partial nucleotide sequence of the mRNA encoding a major part of elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1 alpha) from a mitochondria-lacking protozoan, Giardia lamblia, was reported, and the phylogenetic relationship among lower eukaryotes was inferred by the maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony methods of protein phylogeny. Both the methods consistently demonstrated that, G. lamblia among the four protozoan species being analyzed, is the earliest offshoot of the eukaryotic tree. Although the Giardia EF1 alpha gene showed an extremely high G+C content as compared with those of other protozoa, it was concentrated only at the third codon positions, resulting in no remarkable differences of amino acid frequencies vis-à-vis those of other species. This clearly suggests (a) that the amino acid frequencies of conservative proteins are free from the drastic bias of genome G+C content, which is a serious problem in the widely used tree of ribosomal RNA, and (b) that protein phylogeny gives a robust estimation for the early divergences in the evolution of eukaryotes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Graduate University for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004748:Entamoeba histolytica / Q000235:genetics; D005056:Euglena gracilis / Q000235:genetics; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D010445:Peptide Elongation Factors / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D010445:Peptide Elongation Factors; D015800:Protozoan Proteins