title: Morphine amplifies HIV-1 expression in chronically infected promonocytes cocultured with human brain cells.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that morphine promotes the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cocultures. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that morphine would amplify HIV-1 expression in the chronically infected promonocytic clone U1 when cocultured with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human fetal brain cells. Marked upregulation of HIV-1 expression was observed in these cocultures (quantified by measurement of HIV-1 p24 antigen levels in supernatants), and treatment of brain cells with morphine resulted in a bell-shaped dose-dependent enhancement of viral expression. The mechanism of morphine's amplifying effect appears to be opioid receptor-mediated and to involve enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by microglial cells.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunobiology and Host Defense Laboratory, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, MN 55404.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gekker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kravitz
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Portoghese
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Balfour
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000382:microbiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009020:Morphine