title: Detection of measles virus from clinical samples using the polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction to detect the measles virus sequence using clinical samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition of measles with or without IgM serology as a standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  A laboratory in the Department of Pediatrics of the Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two serum samples, 16 throat swab samples, and nine cerebrospinal fluid samples from 32 patients with measles, including four patients with central nervous system involvement, and one serum sample and two throat swab samples from two patients with modified courses of measles were obtained. Ten serum samples, 10 throat swab samples, and 10 cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained from patients without apparent measles infection as negative controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity and specificity were comparable with those as obtained by culture or other methods reported in the literature. The polymerase chain reaction was positive in 24 (75.0%) of 32 by serum samples and in 13 (81.3%) of 16 by throat swab samples from the patients with measles, in contrast to none within the negative control group. In three of the four patients with central nervous system involvement, the measles virus sequence was detected in cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained within 1 day following the onset of the manifestations. All three samples from the patients with modified measles yielded positive results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymerase chain reaction can be used with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect the measles virus sequence using clinical samples. Transient and direct invasion of the central nervous system by this virus at the initial stage of the central nervous system involvement was strongly suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Togashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D008459:Measles virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D012367:RNA, Viral