title: Heterodimerization of the yeast MATa1 and MAT alpha 2 proteins is mediated by two leucine zipper-like coiled-coil motifs.
abstract: The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has three cell types distinguished by the proteins encoded in their mating type (MAT) loci: the a and alpha haploids, which express the DNA binding proteins a1 and alpha 1 and alpha 2, respectively, and the a/alpha diploid which expresses both a1 and alpha 2 proteins. In a/alpha cells, a1-alpha 2 heterodimers repress haploid-specific genes, while alpha 2 homodimers repress a-specific genes, indicating a dual regulatory function for alpha 2 in mating type control. a1 does not form homodimers. We have identified two sequences in the alpha 2 N-terminal domain which contain the 3,4-hydrophobic heptad repeat pattern characteristic of coiled-coils. Mutational analyses show that both sequences are important to a1-alpha 2 heterodimerization. We propose that these two sequences associate in a coiled-coil-like manner with a sequence within a1 which bears two adjacent, overlapping 3,4-hydrophobic heptad repeats. This model, which describes a novel dimerization motif for homeodomain proteins, also provides a mechanism by which a1-a1 homodimerization is prevented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001704:Biopolymers; D003545:Cysteine / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D007930:Leucine / Q000235:genetics; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D000072235:Mating Factor; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D010455:Peptides; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000072235:Mating Factor; D007930:Leucine; D003545:Cysteine