title: Eye-poking.
abstract: Eye-poking, -rubbing and -pressing are often incorrectly grouped together because of the assumption that they represent variations of the same self-stimulating behaviour. This prospective study of 21 children shows that eye-poking is a distinct, chronic, stereotyped, self-injurious act seen mainly among severely mentally disabled individuals, who may or may not be visually impaired. Eye-poking, which leads to intense, self-induced pain, is a harmful behaviour because it can result in permanent visual loss and even in total blindness. The cause is unclear, although it is probably multifactorial. The treatment is exceedingly difficult. Further studies are needed to develop specific management techniques to prevent eye-poking, which adds to the physical and emotional burden on the caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Espezel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control