title: Case-control study of BCG vaccination as a risk factor for leprosy and tuberculosis in western Kenya.
abstract: A case-control study was carried out in western Kenya to measure the protection imparted by BCG against leprosy and tuberculosis. The study involved 69 newly diagnosed leprosy cases, 238 age-, sex- and neighborhood-matched controls, and 144 newly diagnosed, sputum-smear-positive tuberculosis cases along with 432 age-, sex- and neighborhood-matched controls. Information on BCG vaccination history was inferred from scars. Using matched analysis, the protection imparted by BCG against leprosy was estimated to be 81% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 67-90] with no apparent difference in protection against paucibacillary [vaccine efficacy (VE) = 83%, 95% CI = 58-92] and multibacillary leprosy (VE = 76%; 95% CI = 30-91). The effectiveness against tuberculosis was appreciably lower (VE = 22%) and was not statistically significant (95% CI = -20-51).
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Alupe Leprosy and Skin Diseases Research Center, Busia.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Orege
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okelo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Okuku
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D007918:Leprosy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine