title: An in vivo comparison between intraoperative isometric measurement and local elongation of the graft after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
abstract: This study was designed to determine if isometric measurement can be used to predict the pattern of elongation (the change in length) of a bone-patellar ligament-bone graft during passive flexion-extension of the knee at the time of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in vivo. A standard operative reconstruction technique was performed on nine patients. The tunnel sites for the grafts were selected, and the change in the distance between these sites was measured, with use of a CA-5000 drill-guide isometer as the knee was subjected to passive flexion-extension. After the reconstruction was completed, a Hall-effect transducer was implanted in the graft to measure the local displacement in the mid-substance of the graft that was produced by passive flexion-extension of the knee. For comparison, the isometric measurements and the values for local displacement of the graft were normalized by calculation of the percentage change in the length. With the knee in 10 to 30 degrees of flexion, the average isometric measurements and the measurements of local displacement demonstrated a decrease in length; however, the two techniques of measurement deviated at angles of flexion of 40 degrees and more. On the average, the isometric measurement of elongation between the trial insertion sites predicted that the graft would increase in length in flexion relative to extension, in contrast to the response of the graft after fixation. There was no significant correlation between the isometric measurements and the local elongation of the graft (r2 = 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, McClure Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05405.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Beynnon
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Renström
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pope
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D017847:Patellar Ligament / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous