title: Percutaneous intraarterial thrombolysis: analysis of factors affecting outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors report results of high-dose thrombolytic therapy in native arteries and vein grafts and discuss the various factors affecting outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study, the outcome of 82 high-dose urokinase infusions in 76 patients was examined. Comorbid risk factors as they relate to outcome were studied extensively with log-linear analysis. Positive thrombolytic outcome (PTO) is defined as complete thrombolysis of a previously occluded segment with restoration of antegrade flow augmented by angioplasty or operative intervention to clear symptoms for 30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure resulted in a PTO in 63 of 82 instances (77%). The treatment was with urokinase alone in 39 cases (47%) and urokinase followed by surgery in 34 (41%), by angioplasty in four (5%), and by angioplasty in the proximal artery and peripheral vein grafting in five (6%). All stenoses associated with grafts were treated surgically. None of the following affected thrombolytic outcome: age of occlusion, heparin dose, catheter type, length or location of graft, or artery versus graft occlusion. The 30-day mortality was 6.1%, with a procedure-related mortality rate of 2.4%. Overall amputation rate was 18% (74% for patients in whom lysis failed by 30 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of at least one runoff vessel was the most important factor affecting outcome (PTO, 95%; P = .00001, chi 2). The most important comorbid risk factor for failed thrombolysis was coronary artery disease (P = .03, chi 2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Clouse
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D017130:Angioplasty; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator