title: Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for the detection of anti-Haemophilus ducreyi serum IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chancroid is a risk factor for heterosexually acquiring HIV. Controlling its spread may reduce HIV transmission.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop EIAs for assessing antibody levels and for seroepidemiologic studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-Haemophilus ducreyi IgA, IgG and IgM EIAs were standardized using a crude cocktail antigen. Evaluation was on sera from Kenya, Rwanda, Thailand and The Gambia. The two-tailed student's t test was used to compare results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The specificity of IgA was 97% (95% confidence interval (CI): 95-99%), of IgG was 92% (95% CI: 89-95%), and of IgM was 99% (95% CI: 98-100%). The sensitivity of IgA was 88% (95% CI: 83-93%), of IgG was 93% (95% CI:89-97%), and of IgM was 78% (95% CI:71-85%) in patients having an ulceration for more than eight days. Thus, 95% (95% CI:92-98%) of the chancroid patients were seropositive for at least one antibody type. The IgG and IgA EIAs were more sensitive in patients older than 24 years of age. Higher IgG rates were found in HIV infected chancroid patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EIAs should be useful for studying the kinetics of antibody levels and the epidemiology of H. ducreyi infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Roggen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoofd
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Dyck
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D002602:Chancroid / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission; D006191:Haemophilus ducreyi / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M