title: Ecological observations on Lymnaea (Bullastra) cumingiana.
abstract: Field surveys conducted at Echague, Isabela and San Pablo, Laguna revealed that Lymnaea (Bullastra) cumingiana, the natural second snail intermediate host of Echinostoma malayanum in the Philippines, exhibits a moderate degree of diversity in its choice of habitats. Rice fields of all stages of development, stagnant shallow streams and springs are the main areas where the snail can be collected from at Echague, Isabela. However, they were absent in rice fields that had been extensively sprayed with molluscicides to control the "golden apple snail" (Ampullarius canaliculatus). In contrast, they were also very abundant in the highly eutrophic waters of Sampaloc lake, San Pablo, Laguna. L. cumingiana co-exists with various species of insects, snails, fish and plants in these habitats. Information on ecological characteristics affecting its distribution will be useful for those who wish to collect and study this species in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, UP College of Public Health, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Monzon
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kitikoon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thammapalerd
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Temcharoen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sornmani
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viyanant
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D004199:Disease Vectors; D004449:Echinostoma; D004463:Ecology; D005618:Fresh Water; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D008975:Molluscacides; D012275:Oryza; D010679:Philippines; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012494:Sampling Studies
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides