title: Speed and sensitivity of mechanical versus electrographic indicators to mild or moderate myocardial ischemia in the pig.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative myocardial ischemia may be detected and quantified by indexes of myocardial contraction or by electrography. The relative reliability of these two approaches is controversial. Two issues are relevant: the timing of events after the onset of mild to moderate ischemia, and the sensitivity of measures to ischemia at steady state.
  
  
  METHODS
  In eight pigs, a carotid-to-left anterior descending coronary artery shunt with a flow meter was installed. Flow to the left anterior descending coronary artery was reduced in steps of 10% from baseline values to 50% of baseline. Wall thickness, myocardial QRS amplitude, and ST-segment deviation were measured every 1 min for 6 min at each step. Regional myocardial lactate extraction was measured at 6 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear relations were found between the percentage of baseline coronary flow and all four dependent variables at steady state, indicating equal sensitivity (defined as rate of change with respect to flow reduction) to myocardial ischemia. After flow reduction, decreases in systolic wall thickening occurred first and were followed by a QRS amplitude decrease and then ST-segment elevation. The onset of ischemia was earlier with more severe reductions of coronary flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mechanical and electric measures of myocardial ischemia show equal sensitivity at steady state even though regional contraction changed more quickly than did QRS amplitude or the ST-segment after an abrupt reduction in coronary flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Buffington
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates