title: Antimycobacterial therapy in Crohn's disease: results of a controlled, double-blind trial with a multiple antibiotic regimen.
abstract: Several recent reports have suggested an association of atypical mycobacteria with Crohn's disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to determine the efficacy of treatment with antimycobacterial drugs in maintaining clinical remission and in reducing active inflammatory lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients (15 male) with refractory, steroid-dependent Crohn's disease were randomized to receive 2 months of tapering steroids plus either a 9-month regimen of ethambutol, clofazimine, dapsone and 1-day dose only of rifampicin (n = 22), or identical placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients (two on active drug) were unable to discontinue steroids, and one patient on active drug was withdrawn for side effects during the first 2 months. Three of the remaining 19 patients on active drug relapsed during the study period, compared with 11 of 17 on placebo (log likelihood ratio = 4.6; p = 0.03). Another patient was withdrawn in remission at 5 months for anemia related to dapsone. Nine patients whose disease relapsed or persisted on placebo were crossed over to active drug; five achieved sustained remission, two failed, and two were withdrawn for side effects. Substantial endoscopic or radiologic healing did not occur.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the treatment regimen with rifampicin, ethambutol, clofazimine, and dapsone is effective in relief of symptoms and maintenance of remission in some Crohn's disease patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Ospedale Nuovo Regina Margherita, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prantera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mangiarotti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002991:Clofazimine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003622:Dapsone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004977:Ethambutol; D003622:Dapsone; D002991:Clofazimine; D012293:Rifampin