title: Pathogenicity and limited transoothecal transmission of Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) in adult female German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).
abstract: Nongravid female German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), and females with young or old oothecae were exposed to infective stage juvenile (L3) Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) All strain by topical application and continuous exposure. Topically applied nematodes resulted in < or = 40% mortality 7 d after inoculation, whereas 100% of females continuously exposed to nematodes were dead within 7 d. Females carrying old oothecae had significantly lower LT50s (0.07 h) than females with young oothecae (42.71 h) and females without oothecae (38.49 h). Fully formed oothecae were not penetrated by the nematodes, even though infective juveniles were found in the vestibulum between the female genitalia and on the proximal end of the ootheca. Partially formed oothecae were infested (100%) by nematodes derived from the female. Topical application of nematodes to the proximal end, side, or keel of mature oothecae that were detached from females did not result in nematode infestation, and the nymphs emerged normally. Oothecae continuously exposed to nematodes were similarly not infested but exhibited significant mortality, probably caused by bacterial infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Auburn University, AL 36849-5413.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Benson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D010063:Ovum / Q000469:parasitology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D017172:Rhabditoidea / Q000472:pathogenicity*