title: Oral contraceptive use and mortality during 12 years of follow-up: the Nurses' Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine prospectively the risk for mortality among women who had ever used oral contraceptives compared with those who had never used oral contraceptives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurses' Health Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  166,755 women aged 30 to 55 years in 1976, followed through 1988 (1.3 million person-years of follow-up).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of 2879 deaths, we found no overall difference in mortality among women who had ever used oral contraceptives compared with women who had never used oral contraceptives; the relative risk for ever-users, adjusted for age, body mass index, and cigarette smoking was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.01). We observed no trend in risk for total mortality with increasing duration of past use of oral contraceptives. After adjusting for age, body mass index, and cigarette smoking, women who had used oral contraceptives for 10 or more years had a relative risk of 1.06 (CI, 0.83 to 1.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of oral contraceptives is safe; no evidence from this study indicates that long durations of oral contraceptive use adversely affect long-term risk for mortality.
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral