title: [Monoclonal antibodies in blood group serology. Part 2: MNS, Rh and other blood group systems].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The introduction of monoclonal antibodies in routine blood group typing has also given rise to new findings. This paper was designed to demonstrate and clarify modifications relevant in practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our own experience in the production and application of monoclonal antibodies as well as the relevant literature are taken into consideration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The development and production of murine and human monoclonal antibodies is described especially regarding the selection and the safety of clones. An update of availability and use of monoclonal antibodies in respect to the different blood group systems is given, with special reference to the reactivity of these new reagents with weak D-positive (Du) red blood cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of monoclonal antibodies in blood group serology has improved the detection of weak variants and the availability of these reagents in general. Further improvements in this technology will make monoclonal antibodies also available for other blood group systems.
authors.affiliation: Biotest AG, Forschungsabteilung, Dreieich.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sonneborn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dahr
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Helmbold
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kasulke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008951:MNSs Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D008951:MNSs Blood-Group System; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
vernacular_title: Monoklonale Antikörper in der Blutgruppenserologie. Teil 2: MNS-, Rh- und übrige Systeme.