title: Guidelines for meta-analyses evaluating diagnostic tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce guidelines for the conduct, reporting, and critical appraisal of meta-analyses evaluating diagnostic tests and to apply these guidelines to recently published meta-analyses of diagnostic tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on current concepts of how to assess diagnostic tests and conduct meta-analyses. They are applied to all meta-analyses evaluating diagnostic tests published in English-language journals from January 1990 through December 1991, identified through MEDLINE searching and by experts in the field.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analyses were included if at least two of three independent readers regarded their main purpose as the evaluation of diagnostic tests against a concurrent reference standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  By three independent readers on the extent to which meta-analyses fulfilled each guideline, with consensus defined as agreement by at least two readers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The guidelines are concerned with determining the objective of the meta-analysis, identifying the relevant literature and extracting the data, estimating diagnostic accuracy, and identifying the extent to which variability is explained by study design characteristics and characteristics of the patients and diagnostic test. In general, the guidelines were only partially fulfilled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meta-analysis is potentially important in the assessment of diagnostic tests. Those reading meta-analyses evaluating diagnostic tests should critically appraise them; those doing meta-analyses should apply recently developed methods. The conduct and reporting of primary studies on which meta-analyses are based require improvement.
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Irwig
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Tosteson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gatsonis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mosteller
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000592:standards*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity