title: Cytomegalovirus infection and allospecific cytotoxic activity of graft-infiltrating cells after heart transplantation.
abstract: We have investigated whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has an effect on donor directed cytotoxicity of graft-infiltrating cells in human heart transplants. Our study group consisted of 89 heart transplant recipients. Thirty-eight (43%) showed signs of CMV infection; in 28 of them, cytolytic activity of biopsy derived cultures could be tested during the infection. Eight patients had a primary and 20 a secondary infection. We found that during CMV infection, both primary and secondary, a significantly higher proportion of the biopsy-derived cultures showed cytotoxicity against donor HLA antigens (chi 2 test; P < 0.01 in comparison with 51 patients without infection). This was most evident in patients with both infection and acute rejection episodes when compared to patients with only one of these complications. This suggests that one process amplifies the other with regard to the up-regulation of alloreactivity within the transplanted heart. In secondary infections, only an increase of donor class I-directed cytotoxicity was found, while in primary infections cytotoxicity against donor class I and II antigens was increased (P < 0.005 vs. secondary infection).
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ouwehand
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Balk
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Baan
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Vaessen
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Jutte
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Claas
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weimar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I