title: Protection by WR-2721 against radiation plus cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II caused injury to colonic epithelium in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was designed to investigate the ability of S-2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) to protect mouse colon mucosa against damage produced by the combined radiation plus cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cis-DDP) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mucosal damage was quantified by using microcolony assay, which measures the survival of epithelial cells in colon crypts. Radiation doses ranged from 8-24 Gy gamma rays. Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum at a dose of 13 mg/kg and WR-2721 at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight were given IP before or after irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of cis-DDP to radiation within 24 h before and 48 h after irradiation reduced the number of crypt cells more than did radiation alone. The highest reduction was seen when the drug was given 2 or 6 h before irradiation: the damage was increased by a factor of 1.5. Protective effects of WR-2721 were tested in the radiation plus cis-DDP combination in which cis-DDP was given 2 h before or 2 h after radiation. In the former sequencing, WR-2721 was given 30 min before radiation (90 min after cis-DDP); damage was reduced more than the amount of damage contributed by cis-DDP (PF = 1.6). When cis-DDP was given 2 h after irradiation, WR-2721 was administered 30 min either before irradiation or 30 min before cis-DDP. Here, the protective effect was achieved only when WR-2721 was given before radiation: the PF was 1.3 in that case and only 1.1 when WR-2721 was given before cis-DDP. Thus, WR-2721 must be given before irradiation, but even then the degree of protection achieved depends on whether cis-DDP is applied before or after irradiation, with the protection being greater in the former situation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations showed that WR-2721 is a potent protector against the injury of mouse colon mucosa produced by the combined radiation plus cis-DDP treatment. They have important implications in the clinic, indicating that proper timing of WR-2721 administration is crucial for preventing side effects of the cis-DDP and radiotherapy combination, where damage to mucosal epithelial cells is dose limiting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Radiotherapy, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Komaki
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milas
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H
chemical_list: D004999:Amifostine; D002945:Cisplatin