title: Effects of Kelatorphan and morphine before and after noxious stimulation on immediate-early gene expression in rat spinal cord neurons.
abstract: Expression of the immediate-early genes (IEG) c-FOS, NGF1-A and c-JUN was induced by noxious thermal stimulation in neurons of the rat spinal cord dorsal horn. Intravenous injection of Kelatorphan (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), an inhibitor of multiple enkephalin-degrading enzymes, 20 min before noxious stimulation reduced the overall number of dorsal horn neurons expressing c-FOS and NGF1-A by up to 20-30%. While c-FOS expression was suppressed in superficial and deep laminae of the spinal cord, NGF1-A and c-JUN was only suppressed in superficial laminae. Morphine (5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent reduction of c-FOS expression by up to 70% only when injected before noxious stimulation. Morphine injected 10 min after the noxious treatment was virtually ineffective. The depressant effect of Kelatorphan and morphine could be prevented by prior application of the opioid antagonist naloxone. Naloxone itself slightly increased the overall number of c-FOS-positive neurons in all laminae of the spinal cord. The present data support the existence of a tonic release of endogenous opioid peptides at the spinal level and show that inhibition of their peptidase-induced degradation modulates IEG expression in dorsal horn neurons of the rat. The finding that opioid agonists were ineffective when applied after stimulation underline the necessity of pre-emptive analgesia to prevent long-term activity-dependent changes in spinal cord neurons.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophannacology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, 80804 München 40 Germany Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Oporto, 4200 Porto Portugal Imperial Cancer Research Fund. Biochemistry of the Cell Nucleus Laboratory, London UK Université René Descartes, Unité de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, ParisFrance.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Tölle
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schadrack
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castro-Lopes
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Evan
authors.forename: Bernard P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Roques
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zieglgänsberger
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004151:Dipeptides; D009270:Naloxone; C042591:kelatorphan; D009020:Morphine