title: Salt effects on protein-DNA interactions. The lambda cI repressor and EcoRI endonuclease.
abstract: In this paper, finite-difference solutions to the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann (NLPB) equation are used to calculate the salt dependent contribution to the electrostatic DNA binding free energy for both the lambda cI repressor and the EcoRI endonuclease. For the protein-DNA systems studied, the NLPB method describes nonspecific univalent salt dependent effects on the binding free energy which are in excellent agreement with experimental results. In these systems, the contribution of the ion atmosphere to the binding free energy substantially destabilizes the protein-DNA complexes. The magnitude of this effect involves a macromolecular structure dependent redistribution of both cations and anions around the protein and the DNA which is dominated by long range electrostatic interactions. We find that the free energy associated with global ion redistribution upon binding is more important than changes associated with local protein-DNA interactions (ion-pairs) in determining salt effects. The NLPB model reveals how long range salt effects can play a significant role in the relative stability of protein-DNA complexes with different structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Honig
mesh_terms: D010582:Bacteriophage lambda; D001483:Base Sequence; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015246:Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI / Q000378:metabolism*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012492:Salts; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012492:Salts; D014764:Viral Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C016649:phage repressor proteins; D015246:Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI