title: Prospective evaluation of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in women receiving oral contraceptives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that normal women receiving oral contraceptives (OC) may develop a series of metabolic side-effects which relate to the risk of cardiovascular disease. These metabolic disturbances include changes in glucose and insulin metabolism, raised serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and elevated blood pressure. All these changes indicate that OC might cause insulin resistance. We have prospectively examined the effect of OC on insulin resistance and lipid metabolism including Lp(a) values.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 13 normally menstruating Chinese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects were given a combined triphasic oral contraceptive which was administered on a 21-day on, 7-day off medication cyclic regimen, the first pill being administered on day 5 from the beginning of menses. The metabolic investigations were carried out during luteal phase before OC and again the third week of the third month of OC administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic evaluation including insulin secretion and insulin-mediated glucose uptake were evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test and the modification of insulin suppression test. Fasting triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and Lp(a) concentrations were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma glucose and insulin responses during a 75-g oral glucose challenge increased significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.03, respectively). The steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentrations achieved during constant infusion of glucose, insulin and somatostatin increased significantly after 3 cycles of OC administration (glucose 7.5 +/- 0.8 vs 12.4 +/- 0.7 mmol/l, P < 0.001) while the steady-state plasma insulin (SSPI) concentrations were relatively similar (410 +/- 14 vs 391 +/- 7 pmol/l, NS). Plasma triglyceride levels increased significantly (0.81 +/- 0.12 vs 1.09 +/- 0.19 mmol/l, P < 0.03) following OC administration. Fasting plasma cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and calculated LDL cholesterol concentrations did not change as compared with baseline values, nor did the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol. The Lp(a) concentrations did not change during the administration of OC (81 +/- 25 vs 71 +/- 21 mg/l, NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicated that intake of OC for 3 cycles induced glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in normal menstruating Chinese women. These changes occurred in association with elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations and no alteration in Lp(a) or other lipid values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fuh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides