The relationship of sodium sensitivity to insulin resistance.
Substantial epidemiologic evidence has indirectly implicated sodium intake in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The concept of sodium-sensitivity as a cause of essential hypertension has been addressed by many investigators, yet the pathogenesis of this salt-sensitivity remains unclear. Although not well appreciated, most studies have shown that regardless of sodium intake or the presence or absence of hypertension, sodium-sensitive subjects tend to weigh more than sodium-resistant subjects. Insulin-resistance has been postulated to be responsible for enhanced sodium retention in obese individuals; therefore, insulin-resistance may be critical to the pathogenesis of sodium-sensitivity in individuals with essential hypertension. This article summarizes the data relating insulin and or insulin-resistance to sodium sensitivity in obesity, diabetes, and in non-obese subjects with essential hypertension.
Rocchini
A P
AP
Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
D000818:Animals; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology*
D012964:Sodium