title: A case control study on human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection as a risk factor for tuberculosis and leprosy in western Kenya.
abstract: A case control study was undertaken in Western Kenya from April 1989 to August 1990 to evaluate HIV-1 infection as a risk factor for tuberculosis and leprosy. The study involved 144 newly diagnosed sputum smear positive tuberculosis cases with 432 age, sex and neighbourhood-matched controls, and 132 diagnosed leprosy cases with 384 matched controls. Odds ratios obtained by conditional logistic regression (matched) analysis were 4.9 (95% CI 2.6, 6.8), and 1.8 (95% CI 0.9, 3.2), for the association between HIV-1 and tuberculosis and leprosy respectively. Approximately 31% of tuberculosis cases among males, and 11% of cases among females, were attributable to HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Alupe Leprosy and Skin Diseases Research Centre, Busia.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Orege
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okelo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Okuku
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Were
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D007918:Leprosy / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications*