title: Use of high-fat formula for premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: metabolic, pulmonary, and nutritional studies.
abstract: The use of dietary fat in preference to carbohydrate offers the theoretic advantage of diminishing carbon dioxide production and thus the respiratory quotient, which may be beneficial for babies with chronic lung disease. Ten premature infants (birth weight (mean +/- SEM), 1.13 +/- 0.12 kg; postnatal age, 9 +/- 1 weeks) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were alternately fed a high-fat and a high-carbohydrate formula each for 1 week, in randomized order. Lower rates of carbon dioxide production (6.6 +/- 0.3 versus 7.4 +/- 0.4 ml/kg per minute; p < 0.05), and consequently lower respiratory quotients (0.80 +/- 0.02 versus 0.94 +/- 0.01 ml/kg per minute; p < 0.005), were observed during the administration of the high-fat formula. There were no significant differences in results of pulmonary function tests with the use of either formula. Both formulas were equally well tolerated and able to promote adequate growth and normal biochemical profiles. However, weight gain was significantly greater with the administration of the high-carbohydrate formula, possibly because of an increase in the accretion of body fat. We conclude that the short-term use of high-fat formula for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia decreases carbon dioxide production while maintaining adequate growth and nutritional status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baumgart
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stallings
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Georgieff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamosh
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D001903:Bottle Feeding; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D002245:Carbon Dioxide