title: Facial characteristics in children with Down's syndrome and spectacle fitting.
abstract: Significant refractive error is very common among children with Down's syndrome so the requirement for spectacles for this group is high. The aim of this study was to measure the facial characteristics of children with Down's syndrome and to compare them with two previous studies which have aided the design of children's spectacle frames. The study was carried out in two schools in South Wales, measuring 20 children between the ages of 3.6 and 14.4 years. The results show that between the ages of 7 and 14 years, facial characteristics of children with Down's syndrome do not change with age and rarely coincide with those of other children, either of a similar age or younger. Thus children with Down's syndrome cannot be fitted satisfactorily with conventional children's frames, and it would be desirable for a specially designed range of frames to be made available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Wales College of Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Woodhouse
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Earlam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male