title: Calcium-binding properties of a calcium-dependent protein kinase from Plasmodium falciparum and the significance of individual calcium-binding sites for kinase activation.
abstract: Calcium-dependent protein kinase from Plasmodium falciparum (PfCPK) is a multidomain protein composed of an N-terminal kinase domain connected via a linker region to a C-terminal CaM-like calcium-binding domain. The kinase can be activated by Ca2+ alone and associates with 45Ca2+. Here we describe the calcium-binding properties of the kinase and the significance of the individual calcium-binding sites with respect to enzymatic activation, as well as the Ca(2+)-induced conformational change as detected by circular dichroism. As predicted from the cDNA sequence, the kinase has four EF-hand calcium-binding sites in the C-terminal domain. To understand the roles of the individual calcium-binding sites, two series of mutations were generated at the individual EF-hand motifs. The highly conserved glutamic acid residue at position 12 in each calcium-binding loop was mutated to either lysine or glutamine, and therefore a total of eight mutants were generated. Either of these mutations (to lysine or glutamine) is sufficient to eliminate calcium binding at the mutated site. Sites I and II appear to be crucial for both Ca(2+)-induced conformational change and enzymatic activation. Whereas mutations at site II almost completely abolish kinase activity, mutations at site I are also deleterious and dramatically reduce the sensitivity of the Ca(2+)-induced conformational change and the Ca(2+)-dependent activation. Mutations at sites III and IV have minor effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, University of Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pokutta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindt
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kappes
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000201:enzymology*; D011487:Protein Conformation / Q000187:drug effects; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011494:Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium