title: An ATF/CREB site is the major regulatory element in the human herpesvirus 6 DNA polymerase promoter.
abstract: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a recently described T-cell pathogen whose medical relevance and molecular biology are just beginning to be addressed. As a first look at the regulation of viral genes, control of the HHV-6 DNA polymerase promoter was examined. Polymerase gene transcription in HHV-6-infected cells was found to initiate from a single site located 115 bases upstream of the translation start codon. A polymerase promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene construct failed to be expressed in uninfected T cells but was highly active in HHV-6-infected cells. Mutational data indicated that the polymerase promoter is TATA-less. Mutational analysis also revealed that the major upstream promoter regulatory element required for transcriptional activity in HHV-6-infected cells is a palindromic ATF/CREB transcription factor binding site. The significance of this site for promoter induction was further demonstrated by the fact that the polymerase ATF/CREB element, when appended to a heterologous basal promoter, is highly responsive to HHV-6 infection. Two protein complexes were found to bind in a specific manner to the ATF/CREB motif in both uninfected and HHV-6-infected T-cell nuclear extracts. Site-specific mutation of the ATF/CREB site resulted in loss of protein binding as well as loss of promoter activity in HHV-6-infected cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Agulnick
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ricciardi
mesh_terms: D051696:Activating Transcription Factors; D001483:Base Sequence; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015654:Herpesvirus 6, Human / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017354:Point Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D051696:Activating Transcription Factors; D001798:Blood Proteins; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase