title: Effect of hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing gallstones. This has been attributed, among other factors, to alterations in gallbladder motility in the presence of autonomic neuropathy. Since high blood glucose concentrations impair gastric emptying in diabetic patients, we have investigated the effect of acute hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility. Seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were studied twice during euglycaemia (blood glucose 5 mmol/l) and hyperglycaemia (blood glucose 15 mmol/l) using a clamp technique. In addition, seven healthy volunteers were studied during euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Gallbladder volumes, measured with ultrasonography, were studied before and during infusion of step-wise increasing doses of cholecystokinin-33, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit.kg-1.h-1, each dose for 30 min. Mean basal gallbladder volumes were not significantly different in the four experiments. Administration of cholecystokinin resulted in significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent reductions in gallbladder volume in all experiments. During euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in diabetic patients was not significantly different from the control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the diabetic patients was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared to euglycaemia only during infusion of 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit.kg-1.h-1 of cholecystokinin (19 +/- 6% vs 33 +/- 6%). Compared to euglycaemia, during hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the control subjects was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced during infusion of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit.kg-1.h-1 of cholecystokinin (14 +/- 4% vs 31 +/- 3%; 42 +/- 6% vs 65 +/- 5%; 74 +/- 4% vs 90 +/- 3%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Masclee
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lemkes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fröhlich
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lamers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide; D005934:Glucagon; D002766:Cholecystokinin