title: Regulation of the soluble form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from lactating bovine mammary gland: effects of metabolites on activity and structure.
abstract: The cytosolic form of NADP+: isocitrate dehydrogenase, a primary source of the NADPH required for de novo fatty acid synthesis in lactating bovine mammary gland, was studied to determine possible mechanisms of regulation by metabolites. The enzymatic reduction of NADP+ exhibits lag-burst (hysteretic) kinetics that are eliminated by the noncatalytic binding of the substrate, a complex (1:1) of a metal ion (Mn2+ or Mg2+) and isocitrate. Preincubation of the enzyme with metal-citrate complex also nearly abolished the lag or activation time. In steady-state experiments, analyses of velocity versus metal-citrate complex as a binding isotherm, following the assumptions of Wyman's theory of thermodynamic linkage, showed that binding of metal-citrate complex could both stimulate and inhibit the enzyme. This analysis suggested hyperactivation by binding to sites with an average dissociation constant of .25 mM, inhibition by binding to sites with an average dissociation constant of 3.83 mM, and modulation (reactivation) by binding to sites with an average dissociation constant of 1.54 mM. Conformational changes induced by the binding of ligands were assessed using circular dichroism. The results suggest that binding of metal-isocitrate induces a conformational transition involving tyrosyl residues that is related to the altered kinetic processes. Reexamination of Michaelis-Menten kinetics using non-linear regression analysis also demonstrated hyperactivation of enzyme activity by metal-isocitrate with a dissociation constant equal to 21 microM (which is nearly seven times greater than the Michaelis constant). Concentration ranges observed for these transitions are compatible with physiological conditions, suggesting that complexes of metal-citrate and metal-isocitrate serve to modulate the activity of NADP+: isocitrate dehydrogenase.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19118.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Wickham
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Seery
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Kumosinski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D002951:Citrates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019343:Citric Acid; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007523:Isocitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000201:enzymology*; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007523:Isocitrates; D008055:Lipids; D008894:Milk Proteins; D019343:Citric Acid; D008345:Manganese; D009249:NADP; C034219:isocitric acid; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; D008274:Magnesium