title: The effects of music and muscle relaxation on patient anxiety in a coronary care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of music and muscle relaxation techniques in reducing the anxiety of patients admitted to a coronary care unit with ischemic heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven-bed coronary care unit of an Australian tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients admitted to a coronary care unit with unstable angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychologic (State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Linear Analogue Anxiety Scale) and physiologic (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate) variables were measured as indicators of anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two or three 30-minute sessions of audiotape interventions were conducted with portable tape players with headphones. The two intervention tapes consisted of light classical music and verbal instructions for muscle relaxation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With analysis of variance procedures, the null hypotheses were supported. No significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups were demonstrated for the psychologic or physiologic variables; that is, no significant reductions in anxiety were achieved for patients using music or muscle relaxation interventions when compared with the control group. The effect size of the interventions on the outcome measures was 0.19 to 0.22, indicating a small effect. Resultant power was at a low level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results differ from those of similar studies but may be related to the high probability of a type II error. Further investigation with longer intervention sessions and larger sample sizes is indicated. Similar studies should incorporate power analysis when reporting their results.
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Science, School of Nursing, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003325:Coronary Care Units; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000523:psychology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000523:psychology*; D012064:Relaxation Therapy