title: Acute effect of sodium cromoglycate on airway narrowing induced by 4.5 percent saline aerosol. Outcome before and during treatment with aerosol corticosteroids in patients with asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the acute effect of sodium cromoglycate on airway responses to 4.5 percent saline aerosol challenge, before and during treatment with inhaled budesonide--a corticosteroid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open study, with a total of five visits, two before budesonide treatment, and three follow-up visits, two between 5 and 6 weeks and one at more than 11 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referral-based Respiratory Investigation Unit at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, a major Sydney-based teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with asthma (ten atopic), with a PD20 FEV1 to 4.5 percent saline aerosol challenge and about to commence inhaled budesonide for treatment of their asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 40 mg of sodium cromoglycate was inhaled before a 4.5 percent NaCl challenge, both before and after regular (36 +/- 9 d) treatment with budesonide (1,000 micrograms/d). The final challenge was repeated in ten subjects after 11 weeks or more of treatment with budesonide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity to 4.5 percent saline aerosol was measured as the dose of saline aerosol required to induce a 20 percent fall in FEV1 (PD20). Reactivity was measured as the dose-response slope by taking the percent fall in FEV1 and dividing it by the dose required to induce the fall. On the control day the geometric mean PD20 (95 percent CI) for 4.5 percent saline aerosol was 2.8 (1.4 to 5.4) and the dose response slope (DRS) 5.6 (2.9-11.1). An acute dose of sodium cromoglycate reduced sensitivity (PD20) by 8-fold and reactivity (DRS) 12.3-fold. This effect was similar in magnitude to that measured after regular treatment with budesonide alone. When sodium cromoglycate was given during treatment with budesonide, the PD20 was reduced 16-fold and the DRS 42-fold, and this was greater than the reduction with budesonide taken for 3 months (p < 0.03, p < 0.05 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium cromoglycate inhibits responses to 4.5 percent saline aerosol and has additional benefits to those conferred by aerosol steroids. The mechanism for responsiveness to saline aerosol and efficacy of these drugs may relate to alteration in chloride ion channel regulation by inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: du Toit
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Rodwell
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019819:Budesonide; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011282:Pregnenediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D018118:Chloride Channels; D011282:Pregnenediones; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D019819:Budesonide; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium