title: Identification of causative chemicals of allergic contact dermatitis using a combination of patch testing in patients and chemical analysis. Application to cases from industrial rubber products.
abstract: 3 cases of allergic contact dermatitis from industrial rubber products were investigated using a combination of patch testing in patients and chemical analysis of causative rubber products by gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our studies revealed N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD), a typical rubber allergen, as a causative chemical in a case from a brand of heavy-duty rubber gloves and a case from a black rubber ring for car manufacture, and zinc ethylphenyldithiocarbamate (ZEPC), a dithiocarbamate (DTC)-type accelerator, as a causative chemical in a case from a brand of rubber work gloves: both IPPD and ZEPC, which showed positive patch test reactions, were confirmed in the extracts of the causative rubber products by GC, GC-MS and/or HPLC.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kaniwa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kantoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D001336:Automobiles; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D004123:Dimethylamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D017575:Gloves, Protective; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000379:methods; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D012408:Rubber / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D015039:Ziram / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004123:Dimethylamines; D010655:Phenylenediamines; C031506:4-aminodiphenylamine; C014882:zinc ethylphenyldithiocarbamate; D015039:Ziram; D012408:Rubber; D004050:Ditiocarb; C034516:dimethylamine; C014627:N-isopropyl-N-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine