title: Factors predicting long-term survival for metastatic breast cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow support.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poor prognosis of Stage IV breast cancer patients have at best a 10% 3-year survival rate with conventional chemotherapy. Dose-intensive chemotherapy improved survival rates for some of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were Stage IV estrogen receptor-negative or estrogen receptor-positive hormonal refractory and received conventional chemotherapy (induction phase) to the point of achieving maximal response; if disease was stable or the patients responded, they entered high-dose chemotherapy (intensive phase). Seventy-six percent of the patients received two high-dose treatments with cyclophosphamide (4.5-6.0 g/m2), etoposide (750-1500 mg/m2), and cisplatin (120-180 mg/m2). Patients were randomized to receive or not receive autologous marrow. To identify prognostic factors for survival, univariate statistical analysis and multivariate models were applied to patient subsets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis identified a number of factors whose presence indicates improvement in overall survival rates. These include: (1) absence of liver relapse (P = 0.001); (2) absence of soft tissue relapse (P = 0.001); (3) a smaller number of metastatic sites at the time of detecting Stage IV disease (P = 0.026); and (4) disease-free interval greater than 1 year from initial diagnosis to Stage IV disease (P = 0.011). Multivariate models were fitted to the data, and three variables were identified as independent negative predictors for overall survival: (1) liver site (P = 0.001); (2) soft tissue site (P = 0.039); and (3) prior adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shorter survival after high-dose chemotherapy is predicted independently by patients pretreated with adjuvant chemotherapy, by disease distributed to the liver or the soft tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University Medical Center, Missouri 63110-0250.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Dunphy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spitzer
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fornoff
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dicke
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Buzdar
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin