title: Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a high serum glucose level and by disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is estimated that 11 million persons in the United States have DM, 90% of whom have non-insulin-dependent DM. At least 30% of persons with diabetes have some type of cutaneous involvement during the course of their chronic disease. This review classifies the cutaneous findings in DM into four categories: (1) skin diseases with strong to weak association with DM; (2) cutaneous infections; (3) cutaneous manifestations of diabetic complications; and (4) skin reactions to diabetic treatment. Each of these categories is reviewed as well as the pathophysiology of the normal and diabetic basement membrane for a better understanding of the cutaneous manifestations of DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, LCI, New Haven, CT 06510.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kohn
mesh_terms: D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D015984:Causality; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000209:etiology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000209:etiology; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012874:Skin Diseases, Infectious / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin