title: Antigenicity and immunogenicity of equine influenza vaccines containing a Carbomer adjuvant.
abstract: Equine influenza vaccines containing inactivated whole virus and Carbomer adjuvant stimulated higher levels and longer lasting antibody to haemagglutinin in ponies than vaccines of equivalent antigenic content containing aluminium phosphate adjuvants. Five months after the third dose of vaccine containing Carbomer adjuvant, ponies were protected against clinical disease induced by an aerosol of virulent influenza virus (A/equine/Newmarket/79, H3N8). In contrast ponies which received vaccine containing aluminium phosphate adjuvant were susceptible to infection and disease. There was an inverse correlation between prechallenge levels of antibody detected by single radial haemolysis (SRH) and duration of virus excretion, pyrexia and coughing. All ponies with antibody levels equivalent to SRH zones of > or = 154 mm2 were protected against infection and all those with levels > or = 85 mm2 were protected from disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mumford
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hannant
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jessett
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000276:immunology*; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006736:Horses; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D010710:Phosphates; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; C006903:carbopol 940; C012714:aluminum phosphate