title: Locally advanced breast cancer: defining an optimum treatment regimen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective review examines response, local control and freedom from distant failure for patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy without routine surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  67 patients were treated between January 1980 and December 1988 at Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 56 months. Four successive protocols evolved, each with three phases induction chemotherapy (adriamycin or novantrone, cyclophosphamide) (three cycles), radiotherapy then chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) of progressively shorter duration. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were concurrent in the fourth regimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical complete response (disappearance of all known disease) after chemotherapy, radiotherapy and additional chemotherapy was 18%, 55% and 79% respectively. Seven additional patients subsequently underwent mastectomy (N = 2), local excision (N = 1) or a radiation boost (N = 4) for a total complete response rate of 90%. Twenty one patients (31%) failed to achieve a complete response (N = 7) or recurred locally (N = 14). The crude 2-year rate of local recurrence was 50% for tumors > 10 cm (N = 10) and 14% for smaller tumors (n = 57) and was not influenced by protocol. Two-year actuarial freedom from distant failure was 67% at 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local control can be achieved for patients with locally advanced breast cancer with a primary tumor < 10 cm using chemotherapy and radiotherapy without routine mastectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barraclough
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langlands
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boyages
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies