title: Measles immunity in a population of healthcare workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate measles seroprevalence among cohorts of new employees and to evaluate vaccine responses of susceptible adult healthcare workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  New employees were screened for measles susceptibility as part of employee evaluations. Anti-IgG measles antibody tests were completed on 2,473 workers. Demographic, measles history, and measles vaccination information was collected using a short questionnaire. Susceptible workers were vaccinated and screened for vaccine responses following vaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three workers (4%) were seronegative, and 56 (2%) were equivocal. Individuals in the youngest cohort (born after 1956) were significantly more likely to be susceptible than those in the middle cohort (born 1951 to 1956) and those in the oldest cohort (born before 1951) (P < 0.01). The middle cohort included eight (5%) of the 149 seronegative or equivocal workers. Among the members of the youngest cohort, those from the United States were more likely to be susceptible (P < 0.01) than those from outside the United States. Of the 106 vaccinated susceptible workers whose follow-up serologies were determined, 90 (85%) developed positive IgG serologies, six had equivocal results, and 10 were seronegative. Eleven of the 16 non- or hyporesponders were revaccinated and re-evaluated; nine developed low positive IgG antimeasles levels, one exhibited an equivocal response, and one failed to respond.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small but important proportion of healthcare workers are susceptible to measles. Whenever feasible, measles immunity programs for healthcare workers should include workers born before 1957. Of workers born after 1956, those from outside the United States are more likely to be immune than workers from inside the United States. Using the currently available vaccine, revaccination of initial non- or hyporesponders appears to be effective.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Willy
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Koziol
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fleisher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wesley
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008457:Measles / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014481:United States; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G