title: Amniotic fluid embolism after saline amnioinfusion: two cases and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amnioinfusion is an intrapartum intervention with proven benefit in certain clinical situations. It is thought to be a safe treatment with few adverse effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cases of fatal amniotic fluid (AF) embolism occurred in women who were treated during labor with a saline amnioinfusion. In both cases, amnioinfusion was administered after finding thick meconium staining of the AF. In addition to the amnioinfusion, common factors in these cases and three previously reported AF embolisms associated with amnioinfusion are the presence of rapid labor, meconium-stained fluid, or both.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. It is not known whether amnioinfusion increases the rate of its occurrence in laboring patients. No change in clinical practice is warranted on the basis of these reports; however, future reports must be examined so that any common factors can be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wenstrom
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hauth
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Meis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion; D004619:Embolism, Amniotic Fluid / Q000209:etiology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride