Phenotypic and genotypic events in gastric carcinogenesis.
Two main histological variants of gastric carcinoma have been identified: intestinal and diffuse types. The former is preceded by a sequential chain of events characterized as chronic gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, intramucosal carcinoma, and invasive neoplasia. The second type (diffuse) lacks well-recognized precursor changes. Genotypic events in the gastric precancerous process are described, but a clear model of their sequence and relevance is lacking. Cadherins may play a role in determining which type of carcinoma develops. Translocated promoter region-MET rearrangements have been identified since early stages of the process. p53 alterations are reported beginning with the dysplasia stage utilizing immunohistochemical techniques. Single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing analysis show alterations in early stages, especially G:C to A:T transitions.
Correa
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Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans.
Shiao
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D001483:Base Sequence; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D005091:Exons; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D016158:Genes, p53; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology