title: Probenecid inhibits the glucuronidation of indomethacin and O-desmethylindomethacin in humans. A pilot experiment.
abstract: Indomethacin is metabolized in humans by O-demethylation, and by acyl glucuronidation to the 1-O-glucuronide. Indomethacin, its metabolite, and their conjugates can be measured directly by gradient high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis without enzymic deglucuronidation. The pharmacokinetic profile of indomethacin and some preliminary pharmacokinetic parameters of indomethacin obtained from one human volunteer are given. In plasma only the parent drug indomethacin is present, while in urine the acyl and ether glucuronides are present in high concentrations. This confirms other reports that indomethacin and O-desmethylindomethacin may be glucuronidated in the kidney. Probenecid is a known substrate for renal glucuronidation. If indomethacin is glucuronidated in the human kidney like probenecid, then this glucuronidation might be reduced or inhibited under probenecid co-medication. This pilot experiment shows that probenecid reduced the acyl glucuronidation of indomethacin by 50% and completely inhibited the formation of O-desmethylindomethacin acyl and ether glucuronide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Anaesthesiology, Academic Hospital Sint Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Vree
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van den Biggelaar-Martea
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Verwey-van Wissen
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011339:Probenecid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005965:Glucuronates; C034674:5-hydroxyindomethacin; D011339:Probenecid; D007213:Indomethacin