title: Insulin resistance is coupled to low physical fitness in normotensive men with a family history of hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate insulin sensitivity and the influence of level of physical fitness in men with a family history of hypertension and in control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin sensitivity was determined and physical fitness estimated in 39 normotensive, glucose-tolerant men with a family history of hypertension (Relatives group) and in 29 age- and body mass index-matched normotensive men with no such family history (Controls group).
  
  
  METHODS
  The euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique (steady-state insulin concentration approximately 100 mU/l) was used to determine insulin sensitivity. Physical fitness, measured as maximal oxygen uptake, was estimated from the heart rate response to a submaximal exercise test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin sensitivity index and estimated maximal oxygen uptake were lower in the Relatives than in the Controls. There was a positive correlation between insulin sensitivity and maximal oxygen uptake in both groups. In the Controls there was a negative correlation between insulin sensitivity and waist:hip ratio, but this relationship was not found in the Relatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings indicate that reduction of insulin sensitivity precedes the development of high blood pressure and may be coupled to low physical fitness. As abdominal fat distribution seems not to be related to insulin sensitivity in subjects with a family history of hypertension, changes in muscle fibre composition or muscle glucose metabolism, or both, might explain the lower insulin sensitivity and physical fitness in the Relatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Malmö General Hospital, Lund University Clinics, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endre
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mattiasson
authors.forename: U L
authors.initials: UL
authors.lastname: Hulthén
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lindgärde
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001824:Body Constitution; D003971:Diastole; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin