title: The relevance to humans of animal models for inhalation studies of cancer in the nose and upper airways.
abstract: While nasal cancer is relatively rare among the general population, workers in the nickel refining, leather manufacturing, and furniture building industries exhibit increased incidences of nasal cancer. To investigate the causes of nasal cancer and to design ameliorative strategies, an appropriate animal model for the human upper respiratory regions is required. The present report describes, compares, and assesses the anatomy and physiology of the nasal passages and upper airways of humans, rats, and monkeys for the purpose of determining a relevant animal model in which to investigate potential causes of nasal cancer. Based on the mode of breathing, overall geometry of the nasal passages, relative nasal surface areas, proportions of nasal surfaces lined by various epithelia, mucociliary clearance patterns, and inspiratory airflow routes, the rat, which is very different from humans, is a poor model. In contrast, the monkey exhibits many similarities to humans. Although the monkey does differ from humans in that it exhibits a more rapid respiratory rate, smaller minute and tidal volumes, larger medial turbinate, and a vestibular wing that creates an anterior vortex during inspiration, it offers a more appropriate model for studying the toxic effects of inhaled substances on the nasal passages and extrapolating the findings to humans.
authors.affiliation: MITRE Corporation, Center for Civil Systems, McLean, Virginia 22102.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DeSesso
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D051381:Rats; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012142:Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology