Protein S binds to and inhibits factor Xa.
Although human protein S binds to human factor Va and inhibits prothrombinase activity, this inhibition is not totally dependent on factor Va. Hence, we investigated possible interaction of protein S with human factor Xa. Factor Xa, diisopropylphospho-factor Xa and their biotin derivatives ligand blotted specifically to protein S and protein S ligand blotted specifically to factor X and factor Xa. Biotinylated factors X and Xa bound to immobilized protein S and, reciprocally, protein S bound to immobilized factor Xa with a Kd of approximately 19 nM. In fluid phase, protein S bound to factor Xa with a Kd of approximately 18 nM. Protein S at 33 nM reversibly inhibited 50% of factor Xa amidolytic activity. Protein S inhibition of prothrombin conversion to thrombin by factor Xa was phospholipid-independent and was 1.6 times stimulated by Ca2+ ions. Inhibition of prothrombinase activity by protein S was 2.3-fold more potent in the presence of factor Va, with 50% inhibition at approximately 8 nM protein S. Protein S prolonged the factor Xa one-stage clotting time of protein S-depleted plasma in a dose-dependent manner. These data demonstrate mechanisms of anticoagulant action for protein S that are independent of activated protein C and that involve direct binding to factors Xa and Va and direct inhibition of factor Xa.
Heeb
M J
MJ
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
Rosing
J
J
Bakker
H M
HM
Fernandez
J A
JA
Tans
G
G
Griffin
J H
JH
D001710:Biotin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000378:metabolism*; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D011486:Protein C / Q000378:metabolism; D017293:Protein S / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000187:drug effects
D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; D001710:Biotin; D011516:Prothrombin; D013925:Thromboplastin; D013917:Thrombin; D015951:Factor Xa; D002118:Calcium