title: Anal endosonography in healthy subjects and patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the normal ultrasonographic morphology of pelvic floor striated muscle and evaluates whether there are differences between males and females and between healthy subjects and patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Manometric and ultrasonographic studies of the anal canal were performed in 30 healthy volunteers and in 26 patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence. Verification of ultrasonographic findings was obtained by studying anatomic preparations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasonography reliably identified the internal and external anal sphincter and frequently visualized neighboring structures. In addition, it detected muscular structures that have not clearly been described previously. However, differences in external sphincter function between males and females and between healthy subjects and incontinent patients were not reflected by alterations in muscle thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endosonography of the anal canal clearly delineates muscular structures and may even visualize structures that have been previously incompletely defined. However, it remains to be shown that differences in certain muscular functions have a morphologic correlate that can be detected by endosonography.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterologisches Institut Wiesbaden, Universität Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Eckardt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lierse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography