title: Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in rheumatoid synovial tissues. Effects of interleukin-1 beta, phorbol ester, and corticosteroids.
abstract: High levels of immunoreactive cyclooxygenase (Cox; prostaglandin H synthase) are present in synovia from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We now show that the recently identified inducible isoform of Cox, Cox-2, is expressed in synovia from patients with RA. To further explore modulation of the Cox isoforms in RA synovial tissues, we examined the expression and modulation of Cox-1 and -2 in rheumatoid synovial explant cultures and cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblast-like cells (synoviocytes). Immunoprecipitation of in vitro labeled proteins and Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of both Cox-1 and -2 under basal conditions in freshly explanted rheumatoid synovial tissues. De novo synthesis of Cox-2 polypeptide was enhanced by IL-1 beta or PMA, and dramatically suppressed by dexamethasone (dex). Cox-1 expression, under the same conditions, showed only minor variation. Since mRNA for Cox-2 is highly unstable, we examined the regulation of Cox-2 transcripts in cultured rheumatoid synoviocytes. Under basal conditions both Cox-1 and -2 mRNAs were present at low levels, but Cox-2 mRNA was markedly increased by treatment with IL-1 beta or PMA. dex markedly suppressed the induction of Cox-2 mRNA. In sharp contrast, Cox-1 transcripts were not modulated by IL-1 beta or dex. These data suggest that modulation of Cox-2 expression by IL-1 beta and corticosteroids may be an important component of the inflammatory process in synovial tissues from patients with RA.
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory Joint Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Crofford
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wilder
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ristimäki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Remmers
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Epps
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hla
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000201:enzymology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000201:enzymology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate