title: Environmental stresses and strains in an extreme situation: the repair of electrometallurgy furnaces.
abstract: Whenever continuous casting furnace breaks down, the emergency intervention necessary to repair it has to be carried out under exceptional environmental conditions caused mainly by heat, as the furnace must be stopped for the shortest possible time. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the stresses and strains to which boilermakers are subjected during the replacement of an electrode element of a 20 MW furnace. The thermal stress was evaluated by the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index. CO2 was measured continuously at the furnace periphery and sporadically in the center of the furnace using an electrochemical method, while CO was also measured in both areas, using Dräger tubes. Dusts were sampled by a CPM3 (Andersen particle fractionating sampler) and a CIP10 (personal sampler). The strain was evaluated by continuous ECG recording with an Aclan IFC 85, breathing performance was assessed with an HI 298 microspirometer, and blood oxygen saturation was evaluated using a Biox oximeter. Thermal stresses are extreme: WBGT was 55 degrees C in the furnace center and 34 degrees C in the furnace periphery. In spite of the ventilation, the reduction in heat during the 6 h of the intervention was negligible and did not provide sufficient cooling. The analysis of gases and dusts were of minor interest, although the mean CO level at the furnace periphery was 40 ppm, with a peak level of 140 ppm in furnace center. CO2 and SO2 levels did not exceed TLV-TWA and TLV-Stel values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Institut Universitaire de Médecine du Travail et d'Ergonomie, Faculté de Médecine, La Tronche, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaurel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mercier-Gallay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoklov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romazini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perdrix
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006359:Heat Exhaustion / Q000209:etiology*; D006361:Heating / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011481:Protective Clothing; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications*; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin