title: Integrated care for asthma: a clinical, social, and economic evaluation. Grampian Asthma Study of Integrated Care (GRASSIC)
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate integrated care for asthma in clinical, social, and economic terms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pragmatic randomised trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital outpatient clinics and general practices throughout the north east of Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  712 adults attending hospital outpatient clinics with a diagnosis of asthma confirmed by a chest physician and pulmonary function reversibility of at least 20%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of bronchodilators and inhaled and oral steroids; number of general practice consultations and hospital admissions for asthma; sleep disturbance and other restrictions on normal activity; psychological aspects of health including perceived asthma control; patient satisfaction; and financial costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After one year there were no significant overall differences between those patients receiving integrated asthma care and those receiving conventional outpatient care for any clinical or psychosocial outcome. For pulmonary function, forced expiratory volume was 76% of predicted for integrated care patients and 75% for conventional outpatients (95% confidence interval for difference -3.6% to 5.0%). Patients who had experienced integrated care were more likely to select it as their preferred course of future management (75% (251/333) v 62% (207/333) (6% to 20%)); they saved 39.52 pounds a year. This was largely because patients in conventional outpatient care consulted their general practitioner as many times as those in integrated care, who were not also visiting hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integrated care for moderately severe asthma patients is clinically as effective as conventional outpatient care, cost effective, and an attractive management option for patients, general practitioners, and hospital consultants.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D001249:Asthma / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D012648:Self Care; D012892:Sleep Deprivation; D016896:Treatment Outcome