title: Antibody response against tetanus toxoid is enhanced by lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vitamin A-sufficient and deficient rats.
abstract: Reduced antibody response to tetanus toxoid (TT) was previously demonstrated during vitamin A deficiency but the response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was normal. We addressed whether anti-TT IgG responses are enhanced in vitamin A-sufficient and deficient rats by immunization with LPS plus TT. Antibody responses in vitamin A-sufficient and deficient rats increased significantly after coimmunization (LPS + TT) compared with the response of rats immunized with TT alone. In additional studies, recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) also significantly increased the anti-TT IgG concentrations. Because pretreatment with anti-TNF before coimmunization or immunization with TT alone markedly reduced the anti-TT IgG responses, we infer TNF to be a mediator of both the adjuvanticity of LPS and the unstimulated response to TT. In conclusion, vitamin A-deficient rats can be stimulated to respond to TT by coimmunization with LPS or by treatment with TNF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha