title: Hemodynamic vascular forces contribute to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in reperfused canine epicardial coronary arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied canine coronary arterial vasoreactivity after occlusion and reperfusion to examine whether reduced flow or pressure contributed to the abnormalities observed.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Ischemia and reperfusion alter endothelial and myocardial function. Causative factors may include altered flow, complement activation or free radical production by endothelial or white blood cells after reoxygenation and neutrophil activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The coronary arteries of anesthetized, open chest dogs were subjected to 90-min occlusion +/- 2 h of reperfusion. The effect of reperfusion on arterial responses to intracoronary acetylcholine, nitroprusside and phenylephrine was studied using in vivo ultrasound. Arterial segments were also harvested, perfused ex vivo with cell-free buffer and exposed to potassium chloride, nitroprusside, acetylcholine and bradykinin. The effect of ex vivo flow cessation with or without maintained intralumen pressure was also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results are expressed as mean value +/- SEM. In vivo arterial cross-sectional area increased during infusion with acetylcholine (10(-5) mol/liter [18.5 +/- 9%]) and nitroprusside (10(-5) mol/liter [22.5 +/- 10%]) and decreased with phenylephrine (10(-5) mol/liter [7.6 +/- 7%]). After reperfusion, acetylcholine caused 13.5 +/- 9% vasoconstriction. Nitroprusside and phenylephrine responses were unchanged. Reperfused arterial segments also showed impaired vasodilation in response to 10(-6) mol/liter of acetylcholine (10.6 +/- 5.1% vs. 47.1 +/- 4.9% in control vessels) and 10(-8) mol/liter of bradykinin (4.4 +/- 6.7% vs. 27.9 +/- 8% in control vessels). Ex vivo flow cessation impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, but this abnormality was prevented when high intralumen pressure was maintained during the no-flow period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduction in flow and intralumen pressure contribute to the impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation seen after coronary occlusion. This is prevented by maintaining high intralumen pressure during the no-flow period, suggesting that hemodynamic forces may change endothelial function independent of circulating complement or blood cell elements.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Effron
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herskowitz
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Weisfeldt
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010496:Pericardium / Q000502:physiology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside; D010656:Phenylephrine; D000109:Acetylcholine