title: Oral premedication for local anesthesia in plastic surgery: prospective, randomized, blind comparison of lorazepam and temazepam.
abstract: Patients undergoing plastic surgical procedures under local anesthesia as inpatients were entered into a phase III randomized, blind trial designed to compare two commonly used oral premedications, lorazepam and temazepam. The effects of the drugs on each patient's memory, pain, sedation, and anxiety were assessed by questions asked of the patient, the nurse, and the surgeon. Analysis was based on 100 randomized patients. Lorazepam had a significantly greater amnesic effect (p < 0.0001), resulted in less pain with the local anesthetic injection (p = 0.006), and had a greater sedative effect than temazepam (p < 0.0001, patient's assessment; p = 0.005, observers' assessments). There was no significant difference in anxiolysis between the two premedications (p = 0.20). If premedication is indicated, we advocate the use of lorazepam rather than temazepam as premedication for plastic surgical procedures to be performed under local anesthesia, provided there is adequate postoperative supervision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gianoutsos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hunter-Smith
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McEwan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D001007:Anxiety; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011318:Prilocaine; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013693:Temazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D011318:Prilocaine; D013693:Temazepam; D008140:Lorazepam; D004837:Epinephrine