Transdermal nicotine patches with low-intensity support to aid smoking cessation in outpatients in a general hospital. A placebo-controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether transdermal nicotine patches combined with low-intensity support can help outpatients in a general hospital stop smoking.


METHODS
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 12 weeks of follow-up.


METHODS
Department of Thoracic Medicine in an inner-city public general hospital, London, England.


METHODS
Two hundred forty-eight outpatients in a general hospital, who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day (the majority were being treated for smoking-related diseases), referred by clinicians at the hospital.


METHODS
Brief advice to stop smoking and daily application of transdermal nicotine patches (delivering 15 mg over 16 hours) or placebo, with follow-up appointments at 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks, with a doubling of the dosage for continuing smokers at week 1.


METHODS
Sustained abstinence from tobacco from week 3 to week 12 validated with measurement of expired-air carbon monoxide concentration at weeks 3, 6, and 12.


RESULTS
Twenty-nine (23.4%) of 124 subjects assigned to the nicotine group were validated as having abstained from smoking at both weeks 3 and 6, compared with 16 (12.9%) of 124 subjects receiving placebo (P = .008). At week 12, 22 (17.7%) of the subjects in the nicotine group were validated as having abstained at all three points as were 15 (12.1%) of the subjects in the placebo group (P = .058).


CONCLUSIONS
Transdermal nicotine patches combined with low-intensity support are effective in helping outpatients in a general hospital stop smoking but do not prevent relapse after 6 weeks.
Foulds
J
J
Health Behaviour Unit, National Addiction Centre, London, England.
Stapleton
J
J
Hayward
M
M
Russell
M A
MA
Feyerabend
C
C
Fleming
T
T
Costello
J
J
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000341:Affective Disorders, Psychotic / Q000139:chemically induced; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D004304:Dosage Forms; D009538:Nicotine