title: [Thermal side effects after use of the pulsed IR laser on meniscus and bone tissue].
abstract: Thermal effects on meniscus and bone tissue after application of 314 boreholes using five different infrared (IR) lasers: Nd:YAG, Tm:YAG, Ho:YAG, Er:YAG, Cr,Er:YSGG (application energy 200 mJ, 400 mJ, 600 mJ, 800 mJ, 1000 mJ; repetition rate 2 Hz, 5 Hz; medium air, water rinse) were analyzed. The experimental set-up comprised for the beam guiding a focussing lens (f = 100 mm) or a flexible fiber (Ho:YAG). Damaged tissue was investigated macroscopically, histologically, and by scanning electron microscopy. Application in air caused carbonisation in all cases. Application in water showed thermal brown discoloring using Tm:YAG, Ho:YAG laser on meniscus tissue. The Nd:YAG did not ablate. The Er:YAG laser showed macroscopically precise boreholes without any discoloring of the adjacent tissue as well in meniscus as in bone. Cr:ErYSGG laser results were comparable with the results using an Er:YAG laser although ablation on bone tissue created higher thermal effects. For the aim of developing minimal invasive operating techniques the Er:YAG laser showed best results.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Unfallchirurgie, Universitätskrankenhaus Hamburg-Eppendorf.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bleckmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duczynski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lierse
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Struve
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jungbluth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D002056:Burns / Q000473:pathology; D002417:Cattle; D007834:Lasers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000473:pathology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries
vernacular_title: Thermische Nebeneffekte nach Anwendung gepulster IR-Laser am Meniskus- und Knochengewebe.