title: Effects of anti-emetics on water excretion in humans.
abstract: 1. The anti-emetic drug metoclopramide has been shown to stimulate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin. Since metoclopramide is used to treat nausea, which is another potent stimulus to vasopressin secretion, the aim of this study was to determine whether metoclopramide might limit free water excretion and so cause hyponatraemia. 2. Metoclopramide 20 mg (0.2-0.3 mg/kg), prochlorperazine 12.5 mg (0.1-0.2 mg/kg) and placebo were administered intravenously in a double blind randomized crossover way at 2 week intervals and the effects on urine flow rate, plasma osmolality, thirst ratings and plasma sodium and atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations determined in water-loaded (10 mL/kg) healthy young men. 3. There were no differential effects on any variable of either drug versus placebo. 4. These results indicate that metoclopramide is unlikely to cause any significant water retention in a clinical setting or precipitate hyponatraemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Risvanis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hutchins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011346:Prochlorperazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D013894:Thirst; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012964:Sodium; D008787:Metoclopramide; D011346:Prochlorperazine