title: The Bcl-2 protein: a prognostic indicator strongly related to p53 protein in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The bcl-2 gene (also known as BCL2) encodes for a mitochondrial protein thought to prevent apoptosis of normal cells. The protein has been detected by immunohistochemical procedures in hormonally regulated epithelia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the predictive relevance of Bcl-2 expression on 6-year relapse-free and overall survival in lymph node-negative breast cancers in relation to pathologic (tumor size) and biologic ([3H]thymidine-labeling index, p53 protein expression, and estrogen receptor [ER] status) features.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of Bcl-2 and p53 was detected by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections from 283 node-negative resectable breast cancers treated with local-regional therapy alone until relapse. The [3H]thymidine-labeling index was evaluated on histologic sections after incubation of fresh tumor tissue with [3H]thymidine, and ER content was determined by the dextran-coated charcoal absorption technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher fraction of Bcl-2-positive cells was observed in small, ER-positive, slowly proliferating, and p53-negative tumors than in large, ER-negative, rapidly proliferating, and p53-positive tumors. A stronger association was observed between Bcl-2 and p53 expression than between these variables and [3H]thymidine-labeling index. In univariate analysis, Bcl-2 and p53 expression, [3H]thymidine-labeling index, tumor size, and ER status were indicators for relapse-free and, with the exception of tumor size, overall survival within 6 years of surgery. In multivariate analysis, Bcl-2 failed to maintain its prognostic role for relapse-free and overall survival in the presence of p53 expression, whereas the [3H]thymidine-labeling index was still statistically significant as a predictor for both events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The predictive role of Bcl-2 expression on 6-year relapse-free and overall survival was mainly dependent on p53 expression.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silvestrini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veneroni
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Daidone
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boracchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mezzetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Fronzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rilke
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Veronesi
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53