title: Potential biological effects following high X-ray dose interventional procedures.
abstract: Some interventional procedures can result in very high x-ray doses. Potential biological effects of high x-ray doses are reviewed. Deterministic and stochastic effects in skin, bone, parotid glands, and lung are discussed. Threshold doses for the effects and relevant dosimetric principles are addressed. General principles for minimizing the potential for these effects are presented. Knowledge about these effects and the means to minimize radiation dose can assist the physician in the care of patients undergoing lengthy invasive radiologic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Eifel
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Geise
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000528:radiation effects; D005123:Eye / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000528:radiation effects; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects