title: Interleukin-1B: a clinically relevant urinary marker.
abstract: Urinary cytokines as markers for the intravesical inflammatory response have become an active area of research. Interleukin-1b, a well studied and early produced cytokine in the immune recognition cascade, was evaluated. After extensive analysis of 56 control and study group urine samples, a simplified and reliable protocol for the preparation of urine before cytokine analysis was devised. The application of an available serum interleukin-1b enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for urinary interleukin-1b analysis was then tested. Finally, a reference value for interleukin-1b in normal human urine was established and urinary interleukin-1b was measured in various bladder diseases. The normal and interstitial cystitis groups showed no interleukin-1b elevation. Significant elevation of urinary interleukin-1b was found in patients with bacterial cystitis compared to the interstitial cystitis and control groups (p < 0.001). Of the patients with bladder tumors 58% showed elevation of urinary interleukin-1b (p < 0.001). Urinary interleukin-1b may be used as a marker to distinguish between bacterial and interstitial cystitis. The absence of urinary interleukin-1b in interstitial cystitis argues against an immunological or autoimmune etiology of the disorder. This study represents an important methodological approach to cytokine subtyping of bladder diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Darlin
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lad
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Zimmern
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003556:Cystitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007375:Interleukin-1