title: Inhibition of human glutathione S-transferases by dopamine, alpha-methyldopa and their 5-S-glutathionyl conjugates.
abstract: The reversible and irreversible inhibition of human glutathione S-transferases (GST) by dopamine, alpha-methyldopa and their 5-S-glutathionyl conjugates (termed 5-GSDA and 5-GSMDOPA, respectively) was studied using purified isoenzymes. The reversible inhibition, using CDNB as substrate and expressed as I50, ranged from 0.18-0.24 (GST M1a-1a), 0.19-0.24 (GST M1b-1b) to 0.5-0.54 mM (GST A1-1) for 5-GSDA and 5-GSMDOPA, respectively. About 20% inhibition was observed for GST A2-2 and P1-1, using 0.5 mM of both 5-GSDA and 5-GSMDOPA. No significant reversible inhibition was observed with dopamine and alpha-methyldopa. Tyrosinase was used to generate ortho-quinones from dopamine and alpha-methyldopa which may bind covalently to GST and thereupon irreversibly inhibit GST. In this respect, GST P1-1 was by far the most sensitive enzyme. The inhibition (expressed as a % of control) after incubating 0.5 microM GST in the presence of 100 units/ml tyrosinase with 5 microM of the catecholamines for 10 min at 25 degrees, was 99% and 67% for dopamine and alpha-methyldopa, respectively. Moderate irreversible inhibition of GST A1-1 by both dopamine and alpha-methyldopa (33% and 25%, respectively), and of GST M1b-1b by dopamine (45%) was also observed. GST P1-1 is also the only isoenzyme susceptible to irreversible inhibition by 5-GSDA (33% inhibition), while no significant inhibition was observed with 5-GSMDOPA. A minor part of the inhibition by dopamine (23%), and the complete inhibition by 5-GSDA was restored by reduction with dithiotreitol. This suggests that GST P1-1 is inhibited by disulfide formation in the case of 5-GSDA, while this oxidative pathway also substantially contributes to the inactivation by dopamine. This was supported by the HPLC-profile of the GST P1-1 subunit which was strongly affected by dopamine, while for 5-GSDA after reduction with dithiotreitol the original elution profile of the subunit returned.
authors.affiliation: TNO Toxicology and Nutrition Institute, Department of Biological Toxicology, Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ploemen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Ommen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Haan
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Venekamp
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Van Bladeren
mesh_terms: D003548:Cysteinyldopa / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008750:Methyldopa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C086396:5-S-glutathionyl-alpha-methyldopa; C086394:5-S-glutathionyldopamine; D003548:Cysteinyldopa; D008750:Methyldopa; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004298:Dopamine