title: Clozapine treatment of outpatients with schizophrenia: outcome and long-term response patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of clozapine in treating moderately ill schizophrenic outpatients and to determine the length of medication trial needed to identify responders and nonresponders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rates of clinical responses, relapses and hospitalizations, and levels of symptomatology and functioning were assessed for 30 chronic schizophrenic outpatients who received clozapine for one year. For some patients, data on relapse and hospitalization during treatment were compared with data from the year before treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen of the 30 patients met criteria for sustained response; 17 of the responders were identified within the first four months of treatment. Patients experienced significantly fewer relapses and hospitalizations during treatment than in the previous year. Improvement in positive symptoms, general symptomatology, and levels of functioning reached a plateau during the first six months of treatment and remained at that level during the second six months. Negative symptoms and quality of life showed nonsignificant improvements at 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support the use of clozapine in treating chronic, residually symptomatic schizophrenic outpatients. A four-month clozapine trial may be adequate to detect clinical responders in this population.
authors.affiliation: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore 21228.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breier
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Irish
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010359:Patient Readmission; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003024:Clozapine; D006220:Haloperidol