title: Influence of flake thickness on the feeding value of steam-rolled wheat for feedlot cattle.
abstract: Seventy-two medium-framed, crossbred steers (348 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design performance trial. Experimental diets contained (DM basis) 6% alfalfa hay, 6% sudangrass hay, 79% wheat, 2% yellow grease, 4% cane molasses, and 3% supplement. Treatments were 1) dry-rolled wheat (DRW, density = .52 kg/L); 2) steam-rolled wheat, coarse flake (SRW-C, density = .39 kg/L); and 3) steam-rolled wheat, thin flake (SRW-T density = .30 kg/L). Steam processing increased amyloglucosidase reactivity of wheat starch by 238 and 287% for SRW-C and SRW-T, respectively. Cattle performance was similar (P > .10) for SRW-C and SRW-T. Steam processing wheat increased ADG (13.5%, P < .10) and decreased DM intake/gain (8.8%, P < .05). Diet NE was precisely as expected for DRW, confirming the applicability of tabular NE values. Diet NEm was 3.7% lower (P < .05) for DRW than for SRW. The NEm and NEg of SRW were 2.28 and 1.59 Mcal/kg, respectively. Twelve Holstein steers (266 kg) were "T" cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a completely random design experiment to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion. Ruminal digestibilities of OM and starch were similar (P > .10) for DRW and SRW. Postruminal and total tract digestibility of OM (P < .10) and starch (P < .01) were increased with SRW. Dietary DE and ME values were greater (6.1 and 6.6%, respectively; P < .10) for SRW than for DRW.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Imperial Valley Agricultural Center, University of California, El Centro 92243.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zinn
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating; D005511:Food Handling; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology; D013227:Steam; D014908:Triticum; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D013227:Steam