title: The respiratory depressant effect of morphine. A comparative study in three ethnic groups.
abstract: The respiratory response to carbon dioxide was measured in 130 ASA 1 adult male patients from three ethnic groups, European, Nepalese, and Chinese, both before and after premedication with intramuscular morphine sulphate (200 micrograms.kg-1 body weight). Satisfactory results were obtained from 125 patients. Overall, there was no ethnic difference in the effect of morphine on the respiratory response to carbon dioxide, but initially the Chinese group appeared to be more sensitive in their response to carbon dioxide than the Europeans and Nepalese. However, there was a significant correlation between respiratory response to carbon dioxide and pulse rate and on restricting analysis to those patients with a pulse rate equal to or less than 72 beat.min-1, the ethnic difference in carbon dioxide response disappeared. It was concluded that there were no ethnic differences in the respiratory response to carbon dioxide before or after morphine in male Europeans, Nepalese and Chinese but that the respiratory response to carbon dioxide may be influenced by long term physical training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Resuscitation, British Military Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Aun
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000502:physiology; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D005006:Ethnicity; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009390:Nepal / Q000208:ethnology; D011674:Pulse / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009020:Morphine