title: Butorphanol tartrate for partial reversal of oxymorphone-induced postoperative respiratory depression in the dog.
abstract: A randomized, blinded, crossover study was designed to evaluate the respiratory, cardiovascular, and behavioral effects of butorphanol given postoperatively to oxymorphone-premedicated and surgically stimulated dogs. Nine healthy adult dogs were premedicated intramuscularly with atropine (0.04 mg/kg), acepromazine (0.10 mg/kg), and oxymorphone (0.2 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal (12 mg/kg) and maintained with halothane in oxygen. According to the protocol of a concurrent study, all dogs had percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tubes placed during the first anesthetic episode and removed during the second anesthetic episode. All dogs received postoperatively either butorphanol tartrate (0.2 mg/kg) or an isovolumetric dose of saline placebo, both given intravenously. Respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), minute ventilation (MV), end-tidal CO2 concentration (ETCO2), heart rate (HR), and indirect diastolic (DP), systolic (SP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressures were measured at times 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 minutes after injection. The time from injection of the test drug until extubation was recorded. RR, MV, HR, and DP were significantly (P < .05) increased, while ETCO2 was significantly decreased, for a minimum of 30 minutes in butorphanol-treated dogs compared with saline controls. TV, SP, and MAP were transiently (< or = 15 minutes) increased in butorphanol-treated dogs compared with saline controls. There was no significant difference between the times to extubation in the butorphanol-treated dogs versus the saline control dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban Practice, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McCrackin
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sackman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Paddleford
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D008297:Male; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D010111:Oxymorphone; D002077:Butorphanol