title: Effects of phototherapy on electrooculographic ratio in winter seasonal affective disorder.
abstract: Low electrooculographic (EOG) ratios have been reported in patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). This study was undertaken to replicate these results and to consider the effects of light therapy on the EOG in SAD patients. Sixteen outpatients with SAD and 16 age-, sex-, and medication-matched control subjects had EOG testing before and after 1 week of light therapy during the winter. The EOG ratios in the SAD patients were only marginally lower than those in the normal control subjects. These differences persisted after light therapy. Although the slightly decreased EOG ratios in SAD patients might have resulted from an artifact of test variability, drowsiness, or other confounding factors, the difference between patients and control subjects raises the possibility of retinal abnormality in SAD.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychobiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Moul
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Oren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004585:Electrooculography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010789:Phototherapy; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016037:Single-Blind Method