title: Calcineurin activates transcription from the GM-CSF promoter in synergy with either protein kinase C or NF-kappa B/AP-1 in T cells.
abstract: Two cis-acting elements GM-kappa B/GC-box and CLE0, of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene are required for maximal induction in Jurkat T cells by costimulation with phorbol-12-myristate acetate (PMA) and Ca2+ ionophore (A23187). The GM-kappa B sequence is recognized by NF-kappa B, which is mainly induced by PMA. The CLE0 sequence interacts with factors, related to a PMA-induced AP-1 and a PMA/A23187-induced NF-AT. We examined whether signal transducing components in T cells can activate transcription of the GM-CSF gene. Cotransfection of NF-kappa B (p50/p65)- or AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos)-expression vectors into Jurkat cells with a luciferase reporter containing the GM-CSF promoter did not stimulate transcription from the GM-CSF promoter. In contrast, cotransfection with a combination of NF-kappa B and AP-1 significantly augmented transcription from the GM-CSF promoter containing the GM-kappa B/GC-box and the CLE0 (AP-1/NF-AT). Expression of a constitutively active calcineurin (CN), a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, potentiated by two fold the transcriptional activation by NF-kappa B/AP-1. Both constitutively active forms of CN and protein kinase C (PKC) synergistically activated transcription from the GM-CSF promoter. These results suggest that cooperation among NF-kappa B-, AP-1- and NF-AT-binding sequences is required for induction of the GM-CSF gene through PKC- and Ca2+-signaling pathways downstream of T cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019703:Calcineurin; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000201:enzymology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015458:Leukemia, T-Cell; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes; D016385:TATA Box; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D000001:Calcimycin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D008156:Luciferases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D019703:Calcineurin; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate