title: Effect of biological type of cattle on the incidence of the dark, firm, and dry condition in the longissimus muscle.
abstract: The objectives of this experiment were to characterize longissimus muscle color, texture, and firmness for beef carcasses of diverse biological types and to determine the genetic parameters of lean color, texture, and firmness. The carcasses (n = 3,641) used in this experiment were from steers produced by mating Angus, Brahman, Braunvieh, Charolais, Chianina, Galloway, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Jersey, Limousin, Longhorn, Maine Anjou, Nellore, Piedmontese, Pinzgauer, Red Poll, Sahiwal, Salers, Shorthorn, Simmental, South Devon, and Tarentaise sires to Hereford and Angus dams. Steers were fed a corn-corn silage diet from weaning until slaughter at 356 to 575 d of age. Steers were slaughtered at commercial packing plants and longissimus muscle color, texture, and firmness were scored by trained carcass evaluators. Sire line least squares means for lean color, texture, and firmness ranged approximately one unit on a 7-point scale. Chianina crosses had darker-colored lean than all breed groups except Tarentaise and Simmental crosses (P < .05). Moreover, a higher percentage (P < .05) of Chianina crosses than of all other breed groups had unacceptably dark-colored ("dark red" or darker) lean. Bos indicus sire lines were not different from Bos taurus sire lines in frequency of carcasses with unacceptably dark-colored lean. However, Bos indicus crosses were more likely to be scored "very light cherry-red." Lean color and texture were lowly heritable, whereas lean firmness was moderately heritable. Thus, this experiment demonstrated that there is genetic variation in the incidence of the DFD condition; however, genetic variation was small relative to environmental variation.
authors.affiliation: Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shackelford
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koohmaraie
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Cundiff
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dikeman
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics*; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*