title: Detrimental effects of prenatal cocaine exposure: illusion or reality?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of prenatal cocaine exposure, while controlling for other factors that influence infant outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  These preliminary data are from an ongoing prospective study of prenatal cocaine and/or crack exposure. Detailed information is collected about the use of cocaine, crack, alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drugs during each trimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women who use cocaine and/or crack during pregnancy differ from those who do not. The women who use cocaine are older, more likely to be black, and less likely to be married. They also use more tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana during pregnancy than do nonusers of cocaine. When these differences between the exposure groups are controlled, preliminary analyses indicate there is no significant effect of prenatal cocaine use on infant growth and morphology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future research needs to address the effects of prenatal cocaine and/or crack exposure on central nervous system development and on the long-term development of exposed offspring.
authors.affiliation: Program in Epidemiology, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Day
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009357:Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine; D003042:Cocaine