title: Perioperative complications of superior pharyngeal flap surgery in children.
abstract: A 7-year retrospective review of perioperative complications associated with surgical correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency was carried out. A total of 219 children who underwent surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency between the years 1985 and 1992 were reviewed. Gender distribution was 58 percent male and 42 percent female. The mean age was 9.6 years, with a range of 4 to 22 years, at the time of surgery. Fourteen cases (6.4 percent) were considered a difficult intubation. There were 36 patients with early complications (16.4 percent incidence). Of these, 18 had postoperative bleeding and 20 developed airway obstruction. Most of these episodes occurred in the first 24 hours. Three patients required reintubation. Nine children developed sleep apnea after discharge. Four patients required take-down of the pharyngoplasty, while 7 others had revision of the flap. There was 1 death in the 219 patients. In summary, most complications following surgical correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency in our institution occur in the early postoperative period and are the result of bleeding and/or airway obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Valnicek
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Zuker
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000379:methods*; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins