title: Anesthetic potency and cardiopulmonary effects of enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane in goats.
abstract: Anesthetic requirements, as defined by the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) that prevents gross, purposeful movement in 50% of animals, have not been determined in goats. Therefore, we determined anesthetic potency of enflurane (N = 6), halothane (N = 8), and isoflurane (N = 7) in goats by using the tail clamp and dew-claw clamp as the noxious stimuli and then measured the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of these agents. The MAC was 2.0 +/- 0.4%, 1.3 +/- 0.1%, and 1.5 +/- 0.3% (mean +/- SD) for enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane, respectively. At 1 MAC, when ventilation was changed from controlled to spontaneous, blood pressure decreased in goats anesthetized with isoflurane (98 +/- 17 to 78 +/- 13 mm Hg) and halothane (95 +/- 10 to 83 +/- 14 mm Hg) but did not significantly change in goats anesthetized with enflurane; heart rate increased in goats anesthetized with halothane (117 +/- 12 to 127 +/- 10 beats/min) but was not significantly different in goats anesthetized with enflurane or isoflurane; and cardiac output increased in goats anesthetized with enflurane (5.70 +/- 1.23 to 7.05 +/- 2.02 liters/min) and halothane (6.14 +/- 0.94 to 7.91 +/- 2.45 liters/min) but not with isoflurane. During spontaneous breathing, respiratory depression was manifested by apnea in two animals and an elevated PaCO2: 57 +/- 15 mm Hg, 55 +/- 13 mm Hg, and 59 +/- 14 mm Hg, respectively, for enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane. Minute ventilation during spontaneous breathing was approximately 50% of controlled ventilation for each anesthetic agent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Antognini
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Eisele
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004737:Enflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D004737:Enflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D006221:Halothane