title: BK and JC viruses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons: prevalence, excretion, viremia, and viral regulatory regions.
abstract: Human polyomavirus BK (BKV) and JC (JCV) infections were examined in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). High frequencies of BKV (24%) and JCV viruria (16%) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). BKV viruria was not found in an immunocompetent control group, in contrast to a frequency of JCV viruria of 20%. The degree of HIV-induced immunodeficiency did not influence the prevalence of BKV viruria, in contrast to cytomegalovirus viruria, suggesting BKV reactivation is an early manifestation in HIV infection as well as a temporal sequence of opportunistic infections. BKV DNA but not JCV DNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 2 of 42 subjects by a sensitive nested PCR. Sequencing of viral noncoding control regions (NCCRs) revealed predominantly archetypal and TU type BKV NCCRs but only archetypal JCV NCCRs. A new, naturally occurring BKV NCCR variant was detected in 1 urine specimen and 2 PBMC samples, indicating a stable and biologically significant rearrangement. Serum levels of BKV antibodies do not seem to be diagnostically useful in HIV-infected persons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sundsfjord
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flaegstad
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flø
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Spein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Permin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Julsrud
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Traavik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D001739:BK Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007577:JC Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D015995:Prevalence; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D014766:Viremia / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral