title: [Surgery with the laser scalpel. Physical principles and clinical effectiveness].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The conventional surgical method for cutting vascularized tissue with scalpel and scissors may now be improved by use of the laser scalpel. In particular, the frequent interruption necessitated and the poor visibility caused by bleeding may be mitigated owing to the haemostatic properties of laser light. This instrument may be of particular value for tasks involving extrabulbar structures, such as extraocular muscles and lacrimal tissue, as well as for facial surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mode of action and physical properties of a new laser scalpel are described and its characteristics compared with those of other instruments on the market. The probe consists of a clad, sculptured silica fibre with a core diameter of 0.6 mm and a conical 0.15 mm-diameter cutting tip. Radiation generated by a low cw-Nd:YAG laser module is fed into the probe, at the exit point of which a maximal power density of 57 kW/cm2 is attained. Radiated laser energy penetrates the tissue as an incision is made, thereby inducing an efficient blood flow stasis which is amplified by thermal energy diffusing from the immediate surroundings of the scalpel tip.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this report, the laser scalpel is implemented for the excision of a vascularized, amelanotic, facial naevus. Both the cutting and haemostatic effects were found to be excellent, occurrence of the latter phenomenon being supported by ultrastructural findings. The healing response was comparable to that observed after conventional surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new laser scalpel represents an inexpensive and effective cutting and haemostatic tool powered by a standard cw Nd:YAG laser module, with a wide spectrum of potential applications.
authors.affiliation: Universität Bern.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fankhauser
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Henchoz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwasniewska
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Zypen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: England
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rol
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niederer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dürr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009508:Nevus, Pigmented / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
vernacular_title: Chirurgie mit dem Laserskalpell. Physikalische Grundlagen und klinische Wirksamkeit.