title: Population-based study of HIV-1 infection in 4,086 subjects in northwest Tanzania.
abstract: A population-based HIV-1 seroprevalence survey of 4,086 individuals, aged 15-49 years, in the North Mara district of Tanzania from rural, periurban, and urban areas, including high-risk (prostitutes, and co-workers) individuals, was performed in 1989 and 1990. The overall seroprevalence was 7.3% (95% confidence interval, 6.5-8.1), with a gradient of seropositivity from high-risk 13.0% (9.1, 16.8), urban 8.8% (7.6, 10.0), periurban 6.5% (4.7, 8.4), to rural 2.6% (1.6, 3.7) subjects. Adjusted for population group, HIV-1 seroprevalence was significantly elevated for men over age 24 and for women 20-34 years old, while age-specific prevalence rates were similar for men and women in the rural area. Recent treponemal infection, measured by the rapid plasma reagin test, was not associated with HIV-1 seropositivity in men or women. These data suggest a growing HIV-1 epidemic paralleling rising rates in other rural areas of Africa distant from areas that have been previously recognized as having high prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brubaker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kibauri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Massesa
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Siso
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Konings
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumby
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013588:Syphilis Serodiagnosis; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies