Pharmacotherapy in outpatient psychiatric practice.
OBJECTIVE
This article examines some of the factors that influence the extent to which psychiatrists provide pharmacotherapy to their outpatients.


METHODS
Data from the 1988-1989 APA Professional Activities Survey are used to define the characteristics of psychiatrists who prescribe medications to a high, medium, and low proportion of their outpatients in treatment. Outpatient assessments, evaluations, or consultations were excluded from this analysis. Correlations between psychiatric practice characteristics and rates of pharmacotherapy are examined.


RESULTS
One-third of psychiatrists prescribed medications to less than 46.7% of their outpatients, one-third prescribed medications to between 46.7% and 84.6%, and one-third prescribed medications to over 84.6% of their outpatients. The psychiatrists in the last group included a proportionately higher number of young psychiatrists, men, nonwhites, those without psychoanalytic or child psychiatry training, those with larger caseloads, and those who worked in the public sector. These psychiatrists also treated a disproportionately large number of patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. In a multivariate model, clinical, practice, and educational variables, but not demographic variables, were found to correlate with the extent of pharmacotherapy provided.


CONCLUSIONS
Psychiatrists vary widely in the extent to which they are involved in prescribing psychotropic medications. The diagnostic composition of their caseload, their work setting, and their educational background, but not their demographic characteristics, appear to influence the extent of their involvement.
Olfson
M
M
Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10034.
Pincus
H A
HA
Sabshin
M
M
D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011331:Private Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000191:economics; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D014481:United States
D011619:Psychotropic Drugs