title: Functional urethral closure with pubovaginal sling for destroyed female urethra after long-term urethral catheterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the pubovaginal sling as therapy for correction of the destroyed female urethra secondary to long-term indwelling Foley catheter management of neurogenic vesical dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen women with neurologic disease and a patulous and nonfunctioning urethra underwent pubovaginal sling functional urethral closure. The purpose of the procedure is to achieve a dry perineum. Greater tension is applied to the sling suspension for urethral closure than is normally used to ensure continence for patients exhibiting intrinsic sphincter dysfunction without neurogenic vesical dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients with adequate bladder capacity and compliance underwent only a pubovaginal sling suspension. They were subsequently managed with intermittent catheterization. In 5 patients, a sling operation in conjunction with enterocystoplasty was accomplished. In 5 patients, a sling procedure with an ileocystostomy and a cutaneous urostomy (bladder chimney) was utilized. In 2 patients, suprapubic tube drainage was established at the time of pubovaginal sling placement. All patients have achieved continence, without the need for absorbent pads, with follow-up time of six to sixty months (mean, 24 months). Abdominal wall herniation has not developed in any patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pubovaginal sling cured incontinence and has resulted in a dry perineum with few problems. The sling procedure may be superior to transabdominal or transvaginal bladder neck closure without the risk of fistula formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chancellor
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Erhard
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kiilholma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karasick
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rivas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D014521:Urethra / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D014563:Urodynamics; D014621:Vagina