title: PTSD among Israeli former prisoners of war and soldiers with combat stress reaction: a longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the long-term impact of war captivity and combat stress reaction on rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Israeli veterans of the 1973 Yom Kippur war.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-four former prisoners of war (POWs), 112 veterans who had had combat stress reaction, and 184 combat veteran comparison subjects filled out the PTSD Inventory, a self-report scale based on the DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD. The inventory diagnoses past and present PTSD, assesses its intensity, and provides a symptom profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven percent of the veterans who had had combat stress reaction, 23% of the former POWs, and 14% of the comparison subjects had had diagnosable PTSD at some time in the past. The current rates were 13%, 13%, and 3%, respectively. The results showed different recovery rates over time: almost two-thirds of the veterans with combat stress reaction who had had PTSD in the past recovered, while less than one-half of the POW group showed this improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that small but significant proportions of the POWs and veterans with combat stress reaction were still suffering from PTSD almost two decades after the war. The different recovery rates in the two groups may reflect the differences in duration and severity of stressors, the impact of immediate intervention on long-term adjustment, or both.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Neria
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waysman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ginzburg
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology; D014857:Warfare