title: Optimal conditions for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA by polymerase chain reaction with nested primers.
abstract: An assessment of optimal conditions for nested primer amplification of low copy number target DNA sequences was made using a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) model. In this polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, an outer primer pair is first used to amplify the target sequence and a fraction of the amplification product is further amplified with a pair of inner (nested) primers. Several methodological parameters were evaluated, including number of cycles in the first and second step of the reaction, proportion of preamplified material to be used as the template for the second amplification, concentrations of primers, deoxynucleotides, and Taq DNA polymerase in the outer and inner PCR. The two-step PCR required minimal amounts of reaction components and was shown to be highly flexible, resulting in exquisite and specificity over a wide range of technical conditions. Potential drawbacks of this practical and effective amplification procedure are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zazzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peruzzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toneatto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Milito
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Botta
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Valensin
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral