title: The relationship between the thrombotic and infectious complications of central venous catheters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency of thrombotic and infectious complications of long-term use of vascular catheters in cancer patients and to determine whether the two types of complication are related.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 500-bed tertiary cancer center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 16-month period, postmortem examinations of catheterized veins and contralateral uncatheterized veins were done on all patients with indwelling central venous catheters who met study criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Catheter-related septicemia determined by clinical and microbiological data as well as postmortem pathology; venous pathological changes such as mural hemorrhage, thrombosis, calcification, ulceration, and inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Premortem clinical and microbiological data were obtained retrospectively on all patients. Pathological changes were noted in 35 catheterized veins (49%) compared with five contralateral control veins (9.2%) (P < .001). Mural thrombi were noted in 27 catheterized veins (38%) compared with only one contralateral control vein (1.4%) (P < .001). Other pathological changes consisted of four central venous catheter-related mural thrombi (5.6%) in the right atrium and four instances (5.6%) of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, three involving the tricuspid and one the mitral valves. Seven patients had catheter-related septicemia. Of the 31 patients with mural thrombosis of the catheterized vein or right atrium, seven developed catheter-related septicemia, whereas none of the 41 patients with normal catheterized veins and atria developed catheter-related septicemia (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thrombotic complications are common in catheterized veins and are often associated with catheter sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Specialities, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Raad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Costerton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Bodey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001344:Autopsy; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D014680:Veins / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*