title: GR transcripts are localized during early Xenopus laevis embryogenesis and overexpression of GR inhibits differentiation after dexamethasone treatment.
abstract: We have studied the spatial expression of the Xenopus GR in early embryos by whole-mount in situ hybridization. At the gastrula stage, GR mRNA is localized in the dorsal ectoderm. By the early neurula stage, GR transcripts were detected along the notoplate. Between mid and late neurula stages, GR mRNA was not detectable. At the tailbud stage, GR mRNA was found in the anterior part of the embryo, including the cement gland, eyes, brain, the foregut, stomodeal-hypophyseal anlage, the olfactory placodes, head mesenchyme and somites. Injection of Xenopus GR RNA into zygotes followed by treatment dexamethasone from the blastula stage onwards inhibits early differentiation. Expression of Xbra, gsc and histone H3 genes in these embryos is not inhibited, indicating that the GR effects are not due to a general squelching effect on transcription.
authors.affiliation: Hubrecht Laboratorium, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Stegeman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lanser
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Destrée
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005775:Gastrula / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006657:Histones / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D003907:Dexamethasone