title: Disposition of drugs in cystic fibrosis. VII. Acetylation of sulfamethoxazole in blood cells: in vitro-in vivo correlation and characterization of its kinetics of acetylation in lymphocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if acetylation of sulfamethoxazole in blood cells is a surrogate measure of its acetylation in vivo. If it is, to use these cells to determine the mechanism(s) by which acetylation of sulfamethoxazole is enhanced in cystic fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-point sulfamethoxazole acetylation activity in blood cells obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis (n = 6) and control subjects (n = 7) who had previously participated in our in vivo study was determined. The parameters, Vmax and Km, for acetylation of sulfamethoxazole in lysed lymphocytes obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis (n = 6) and control subjects (n = 5) were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The acetylation activity in cystic fibrosis whole blood, lysed erythrocytes, and lysed peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that in cells obtained from control subjects and was highly correlated with acetylation of sulfamethoxazole in vivo (r > 0.80). The apparent Vmax for cystic fibrosis lymphocyte lysate was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that obtained for control lymphocyte lysate (72.99 +/- 9.07 versus 60.97 +/- 2.26 pmol/mg protein/min), and the apparent Km was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (0.51 +/- 0.07 versus 0.73 +/- 0.06 mmol/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood cells may be used as surrogate markers to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which acetylation of sulfamethoxazole (catalyzed by the monomorphic N-acetyltransferase) is enhanced in subjects with cystic fibrosis. Both activation or activation and induction of the monomorphic N-acetyltransferase should be considered as possible mechanism(s) to explain this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hutabarat
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Unadkat
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole