[Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems of the injured vascular endothelial cells].
Recent advances in determining anti-thrombogenic functions of vascular endothelial cells are reviewed. The following anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems of endothelial cells are physiologically important; (1) Endothelial cell-derived metabolites including prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO) support platelet inactivity. (2) Antithrombin III and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) bound to heparin-like proteoglycans on endothelial cell membrane inhibit activated serine protease coagulation factors such as thrombin, factor Xa and factor VIIa-tissue factor complex. (3) Thrombomodulin converts thrombin from procoagulant into anticoagulant. Thrombin associated to thrombomodulin on endothelial cells activates protein C. Activated protein C in concert with protein S bound to endothelial cell membrane inactivates factors Va and VIIIa. (4) A receptor for both tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen on endothelial cells provides an efficient plasmin generating system. Perturbation of these anti-thrombogenic systems of endothelial cells is caused by endotoxin (LPS), cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and risk factors for atherogenesis including lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine may result in arterial or venous thrombosis with subsequent development of atherosclerosis.
Takeya
H
H
Department of Molecular Biology on Genetic Disease, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu.
Suzuki
K
K
D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology; D011486:Protein C / Q000502:physiology
D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D011486:Protein C; D005341:Fibrinolysin