title: Tube feeding. Internists' attitudes regarding ethical obligations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the attitudes of internists regarding their ethical obligation to provide or withhold tube feeding in three clinical contexts when patient preferences are not known: acute pneumonia, severe dementia, and persistent vegetative state.
  
  
  METHODS
  A written questionnaire with patient scenarios was mailed to a randomized national sample of 1000 internist members of the American College of Physicians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response was received from 58% of our sample (n = 581). Only physicians with personal experience with tube feeding decisions were included in the subsequent analysis (n = 326). Respondents were mostly male board-certified internists active in patient care in urban/suburban settings. Physicians demonstrated a predominant attitude for each scenario: 98% favored initiation of tube feeding for the patient with acute pneumonia; 84% opposed initiation of tube feeding for the patient with advanced dementia when depicted with a mixed happy/sad affect; and 80% favored withdrawal of tube feeding for the patient with established persistent vegetative state. Sixteen percent (n = 51) described tube feeding as basic humane care, whereas 84% (n = 265) believed tube feeding is medical therapy. Physicians were more opposed to tube feeding in certain patient scenarios than the literature suggests occurs in actual practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that when patient wishes are not known, physician decisions regarding tube feeding are strongly influenced by prognosis. State legislation that categorizes tube feedings differently from other medical treatments conflicts with the judgment of the majority of internist respondents.
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Tolle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stocking
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Cassel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003128:Coma; D003704:Dementia; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D028681:Moral Obligations; D018579:Patient Selection; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D028761:Withholding Treatment