Neurotoxic mycotoxins: a review of fungal toxins that cause neurological disease in large animals.
Five mycotoxins found in concentrates or roughages have been shown to cause neurologic disease in livestock. Fumonisin B1 is produced by Fusarium moniliforme and causes leukoencephalomalacia in horses. Swainsonine and slaframine are produced by Rhizoctonia leguminicola and cause mannose accumulation and parasympathomimetic effects, respectively. Lolitrems from Acremonium lolii and paspalitrems from Claviceps paspali are tremorgens found in grasses.
Plumlee
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Department of Toxicology, California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Systems, Davis 95617-1770.
Galey
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D000470:Alkaloids / Q000506:poisoning; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D037341:Fumonisins; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006736:Horses; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000506:poisoning*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000506:poisoning; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D017026:Swainsonine / Q000506:poisoning
D000470:Alkaloids; D037341:Fumonisins; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D009183:Mycotoxins; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; C056933:fumonisin B1; C009275:slaframine; C033673:lolitrem B; D017026:Swainsonine