title: Impact of procedure-related complications on patient outcome on a general medicine service.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the importance of procedure-related complications on a general medical service.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study with one-to-one matching. Complications were identified through chart review by nurse-technicians using standard definitions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The internal medicine service of a 900-bed university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seven cases with noninfectious, procedure-related complications and 107 closely matched controls who underwent the same procedures without complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mortality rate was 28% for cases compared with 11% for controls, resulting in an excess mortality rate of 17% (p = 0.02). Cases who survived to discharge had an excess length of stay of seven days (p = 0.001). The excess cost per case was $12,913. Importantly, median reimbursement was only $2,064 higher for cases than for controls. Adjusting for age and APACHE II (severity of illness) score, procedure-related complications were associated with a 3.4-fold increase in the relative risk of in-hospital mortality (95% CI: 1.5 to 7.7). Surveillance data were useful in directing quality improvement activities that resulted in a 66% reduction in the rate of pneumothorax following thoracentesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Procedure-related complications were associated with prolonged and expensive hospitalization and were a marker for patients at high risk for in-hospital mortality. Programs to reduce complications on the general medical service have an enormous potential to benefit both patients and hospitals.
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nettleman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fieselmann
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D007484:Iowa / Q000453:epidemiology; D009017:Morbidity; D009026:Mortality; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013812:Therapeutics / Q000009:adverse effects*