title: Identification of the remains of the Romanov family by DNA analysis.
abstract: Nine skeletons found in a shallow grave in Ekaterinburg, Russia, in July 1991, were tentatively identified by Russian forensic authorities as the remains of the last Tsar, Tsarina, three of their five children, the Royal Physician and three servants. We have performed DNA based sex testing and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and confirm that a family group was present in the grave. Analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA reveals an exact sequence match between the putative Tsarina and the three children with a living maternal relative. Amplified mtDNA extracted from the remains of the putative Tsar has been cloned to demonstrate heteroplasmy at a single base within the mtDNA control region. One of these sequences matches two living maternal relatives of the Tsar. We conclude that the DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the remains are those of the Romanov family.
authors.affiliation: Central Research and Support Establishment, Forensic Science Service, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kimpton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piercy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tully
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Evett
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hagelberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005197:Famous Persons; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012426:Russia; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial