title: Interleukin-1 in human ovarian cells and in peripheral blood monocytes increases during the luteal phase: evidence for a midcycle surge in the human.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resident ovarian macrophages are thought to be critically involved in cyclic ovarian events. A prominent macrophage product, interleukin-1, has been shown to affect ovarian cell function. In this report we present evidence for an intrafollicular periovulatory interleukin-1 surge. Additionally, we demonstrate that interleukin-1 beta messenger ribonucleic acid in peripheral blood monocytes increases threefold during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle over that found in the follicular phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follicular fluid cells isolated as a byproduct of transvaginal oocyte retrievals in gonadotropin-stimulated in vitro fertilization cycles were immunoprobed for the presence of interleukin-1 protein. Late follicular phase cumulus and granulosa cells obtained from an aspirated preovulatory follicle were likewise probed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the in vitro fertilization-retrieved cells stained positive for interleukin-1 protein, the late follicular phase cells were devoid of the protein. Granulosa cells from in vitro fertilization cycles were examined for interleukin-1 protein binding sites with iodinated interleukin-1 alpha protein. These cells were found to have approximately 2000 binding sites per cell. Poly A+ messenger ribonucleic acid isolated from peripheral blood monocyte samples from women during the follicular and luteal phases and from male controls were probed for interleukin-1 ribonucleic acid content by means of Northern analysis. The luteal samples contained a threefold higher interleukin-1 messenger ribonucleic acid content that did the follicular phase samples or the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ovarian interleukin-1 protein increase taken together with increased peripheral blood monocyte interleukin-1 messenger ribonucleic acid suggests that interleukin-1 production increases at midcycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland, Baltimore.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Polan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Loukides
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honig
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1