title: Diurnal rhythm of plasma delta-sleep-inducing peptide in humans: evidence for positive correlation with body temperature and negative correlation with rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep.
abstract: Since delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) was isolated in 1977, numerous reports have suggested that this nonapeptide stimulates delta-sleep [slow wave sleep (SWS)]. Although DSIP-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) has been found in the serum of many animals and man, its diurnal rhythm and relation to sleep stages have not been well defined. We hypothesized that circulating levels of this putative sleep hormone would be highest at night and would probably be elevated before or during episodes of SWS. We, therefore, measured plasma DSIP-LI levels every 30 min for 24 h in 12 normal volunteers in whom we obtained simultaneous polygraphic recordings. We found a distinct diurnal rhythm for plasma DSIP-LI levels, with the maximum at 1500 h and the minimum at 0100 h. DSIP-LI levels were substantially lower in rapid eye movement sleep (P < 0.005) and somewhat lower in SWS (P < 0.05) compared to awake values. DSIP-LI levels did not rise before, during, or after a significant percentage of episodes of SWS. We found, however, that the diurnal rhythm of DSIP-LI closely followed that of body temperature with a high degree of correlation (r2 = 0.66; P < 0.0001). We conclude that endogenous elevations of circulating DSIP may be associated with suppression of slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep, and that the circadian rhythm of this peptide is coupled directly or indirectly to that of body temperature.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia-Borreguero
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hardwick
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Akuete
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Stambuk
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Starkman
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003701:Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012894:Sleep Stages; D012895:Sleep, REM
chemical_list: D003701:Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone