title: Transperitoneal nephrectomy for benign disease of the kidney: a comparison of laparoscopic and open surgical techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the results of laparoscopic nephrectomy for benign disease to open surgical nephrectomy for benign disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy for benign disease were compared with 23 patients undergoing open surgical nephrectomy for benign disease and with 29 patients undergoing a donor nephrectomy. Data were collected in the following areas: patient age, anesthetic risk, operative time, estimated blood loss, postoperative time to resume oral intake, parenteral analgesics, oral analgesics, hospital stay, complications, and convalescence. Information was obtained through chart review, telephone interviews, and mailed questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with open surgical nephrectomy, laparoscopic nephrectomy resulted in a statistically significant longer operative time; however, it afforded a statistically significant decrease in postoperative ileus (open group), hospital stay (both groups), oral analgesics (donor group), and convalescence (both groups). The incidence of complications was 15 percent in the laparoscopic group and 0 percent in the two open surgical groups; the majority of complications occurred during the initial seven laparoscopic procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a more time-consuming procedure than open surgical nephrectomy. Also, early in one's experience with this technique, the complication rate is higher than with open surgery. However, despite the newness of the technique, it results in significant benefits to the patient: decreased postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization, and more rapid convalescence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kerbl
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Clayman
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chandhoke
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Albala
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kavoussi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors