title: Botulinum toxin in the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia.
abstract: Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a voice disorder that causes marked disability in the affected individual because of the severe disruption of normal communication that the disorder creates. Of the two distinct types, adductor and abductor SD, the adductor type is the most common and the most amenable to treatment. It is felt to be a neurological problem, but the specific lesion has not been found. The best treatment for adductor SD is injection of botulinum toxin into the thyroarytenoid muscles of the larynx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D013035:Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins