title: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains a subject of controversy. With the objective to achieve a better future survival rate, clinical analysis of 14 cases during a 10-year period was done.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1983 to 1992, 14 cases with CDH were treated at Taichung Veterans General Hospital. The medical records of these patients were reviewed thoroughly. In the meantime, Mann-whitney U and Fisher's exact tests were used to analyze the factors predicting the outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall mortality rate was 36%. Bochdalek hernia represented the most common defect in those patients who were operated upon (10/13, 77%). Ipsilateral pulmonary hypoplasia was present in five patients, four of whom died. Unilateral diaphragm agenesis was noted in two cases and both expired postoperatively. Initial arterial pH < 7.2, PaCO2 > 60 mmHg and early onset of symptoms may predict a poor outcome. There were no significant benefits from preoperative stabilization in those patients whose initial arterial pH values were lower than 7.2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDH remains a major challenge for pediatricians and pediatric surgeons. Further studies are needed to deal with this frustrating disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Shian
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000401:mortality; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000002:abnormalities; D008297:Male; D015996:Survival Rate; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology