title: Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy due to Pneumocystis carinii infection in AIDS patients: CT features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extrapulmonary involvement by Pneumocystis carinii (PC) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients is uncommon. Our purpose is to describe three AIDS patients with low cluster differentiation cell (CD4) counts, who were receiving aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis, and who had large noncalcified hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chest radiography, CT, and clinical and laboratory records of three AIDS patients who had radiographic evidence of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms were quite similar in all patients: weight loss, fever, cough, and mild dyspnea. Mediastinal and hilar widening was noticed on chest radiography. Contrast-enhanced chest CT revealed multiple noncalcified lymphadenopathy with supracarinal predominance in all cases. Mediastinoscopy with mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes sampling was performed in all patients. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimens demonstrated a necrotic foamy tissue without any calcification, and silver stain coloration showed abundant PC organisms in each case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In AIDS patients, PC infection should be considered as a possible cause of noncalcified hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy along with such possibilities as atypical infections and neoplasms, especially in severely immunocompromised hosts (low CD4) with aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mayor
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schnyder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giron
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duvoisin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fournier
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008477:Mediastinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016720:Pneumocystis Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed