title: Pulmonary infiltrations in febrile patients with neutropenia. Risk factors and outcome under empirical antimicrobial therapy in a randomized multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different empirical approaches to antimicrobial treatment of lung infiltrates in patients with neutropenia were studied within a prospective, randomized multicenter trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with neutropenia with hematologic malignancies and fever of 38.5 degrees C or higher associated with newly diagnosed lung infiltrates were randomized for an initial therapy with acylaminopenicillin plus aminoglycoside (Group A), third-generation cephalosporin plus aminoglycoside (Group B), or the double beta-lactam combination (Group C), each in combination with rifampin. Nonresponders were given empirical amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine beginning on day 4, day 5, or day 6 under study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 295 patients entered, 91.2% were evaluable. Complete response was obtained in 61.3% with no significant difference between treatment groups. The addition of rifampin did not improve treatment results. Only 27.1% of patients achieved a complete response by antibiotic therapy without additional antifungal therapy. Fungi dominated in cases of microbiologically documented infections and were associated with a poorer outcome compared with bacterial pneumonias. The trend of leukocyte counts under study had a highly significant effect on the outcome of infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung infiltrates in febrile patients with neutropenia represent a high risk of treatment failure. Persistent neutropenia has a significantly adverse effect on the outcome of infection. Incorporation of systemic antifungal agents into first-line therapy, particularly in selected high-risk subgroups, might improve future treatment results. The quality of diagnostic techniques to establish the etiology of pulmonary infiltrates needs to be improved.
authors.affiliation: Evangelisches Krankenhaus Essen-Werden, Medizinische Klinik, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maschmeyer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hiddemann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helmerking
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eisenmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents