title: [The quality of clinical trials published in Spain: an evaluation by an analysis of 3 journals during the 1985-1991 period].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The evaluation by readers of a published clinical trial requires that the methodology used in its design and realization be specified in detail. In the present study the quality of clinical trials published in Spain during 1985-1991 has been appraised.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a revision of all clinical studies published from 1985 to 1991 in the following Spanish medical journals: Medicina Clínica, Revista Clínica Española and Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas; the studies were assessed by three persons through the use of a questionnaire (checklist) which contained 15 evaluation sections relative to the methodology used in carrying out a study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only an average of 5.5 (+/- 2.8) aspects of the 15 evaluated aspects were considered adequate in the total of clinical trials. Three of the aspects evaluated: "objective of the study", "end point" and "criteria for assessment of outcome" were considered adequate in more than 75% of the cases. Aspects relative to "loss to follow-up", "statistical methods", "analysis of the results", "collection of adverse events", and "approval by an ethical committee" accounted for most methodological defects, being the percentage of studies with correct information below 20%. As to the remaining sections considered, they were found adequate in an intermediate to low percentage (near 30%). There were no differences in quality among the three journals. A slight increase in quality was observed during the last years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major methodological deficiencies appear in the clinical studies published in Spain during the last seven years. The recently approved regulations on clinical trials plus the use of checklists by investigators and journal editors, where detailed ethic and methodological aspects are appraised, can contribute to an increase in quality.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Santa Cruz, Liencres, Cantabria.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Galende
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sacristán
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005762:Gastroenterology; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D013030:Spain
vernacular_title: Calidad de los ensayos clínicos publicados en España: valoración a través del análisis de 3 revistas durante el período 1985-1991.