title: Ultrafilterable hypomagnesemia in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency and clinical correlates of ultrafilterable hypomagnesemia in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Massachusetts General Hospital and Mount Auburn Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 117 patients (84 neonatal ICU patients and 33 normal newborns) studied over a 2-yr period of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected during the first 48 hrs after admission. The concentrations of magnesium (total and ultrafilterable), ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, electrolytes, glucose and arterial blood gases were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrafilterable circulating magnesium concentrations were determined in 74 of 84 neonatal ICU patients. On admission to the neonatal ICU, 23 (31.1%) of 74 neonates had ultrafilterable hypomagnesemia; two (2.7%) of 74 patients had ultrafilterable hypermagnesemia. Neonatal ICU patients had significantly lower (p < .001) ultrafilterable magnesium concentrations compared with normal neonates. Hypomagnesemic ICU patients required mechanical ventilatory support more frequently than did normomagnesemic ICU neonates (p < .05). Ionized hypocalcemia was a common finding in our patients (34 [42%] of 81). However, ultrafilterable hypomagnesemia was not statistically associated with ionized hypocalcemia (p > .05). Despite the below normal serum concentrations of ultrafilterable magnesium observed in our study, there was no impairment in parathyroid hormone secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrafilterable hypomagnesemia is a common finding in neonates admitted to the ICU. Ultrafilterable hypomagnesemia is associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ultrafilterable magnesium concentrations in normal and sick neonates.
authors.affiliation: Neonatology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khilnani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Catlin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nussbaum
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Todres
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chernow
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008851:Micropore Filters; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004573:Electrolytes; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002118:Calcium