title: Vancomycin dosing in haemodialysis patients and Bayesian estimate of individual pharmacokinetic parameters.
abstract: A dose reduction of vancomycin to 1000 mg once a week usually is recommended for haemodialysis patients. Our modified dosing schedule consists of a loading dose of 1000 mg and a maintenance dose of 500 mg administered 3 times a week after haemodialysis. Different vancomycin regimens were retrospectively evaluated by therapeutic drug monitoring and bayesian parameter estimates in 39 dialysis patients. The mean (+/- SD) trough level in 7 patients receiving only the conventional dosage regimen was significantly lower than in 17 patients strictly treated by the modified schedule (7 +/- 4 versus 17 +/- 8 mg/L; p = 0.001). The corresponding peaks were low in both groups and no different (23 +/- 10 versus 27 +/- 12 mg/L). The one week average vancomycin clearance was significantly lower in the conventional dosage group compared to the modified dosage group (6 +/- 3 versus 10 +/- 3 ml/min; p = 0.001). High-flux dialysers were not used in the conventional dosage group but for 30 percent of the procedures in the modified dosage group, where the vancomycin one week average elimination half-life was 66 hours (+/- 18) and the volume of distribution 50 litres (+/- 5). As compared to the bayesian programme, NONMEM calculated comparable pharmacokinetic parameters but could be applied only in 5 cases with a sufficient number of concentration measurements. Ototoxicity occurred in 1 patient, whereas vancomycin treatment was judged as ineffective against infection in 5 of the 39 patients. Their troughs were below 15 mg/L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Steglitz Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hörstensmeyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Looby
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pommer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giehl
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014640:Vancomycin