title: Vesicoureteric reflux and videourodynamic studies: results of a prospective study after three years of follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study prospectively the influence of videourodynamic studies on the management of children with vesicoureteric reflux.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred one children with reflux were investigated routinely with videourodynamic studies, as well as renal scans, ultrasound studies, and/or intravenous urograms. The studies were repeated at one, three, and five years. If bladder instability was demonstrated, the primary treatment consisted of anticholinergic drugs and antibiotics, regardless of the grade of reflux. In reflux Grades IV and V with instability and renal scars, surgery was performed. In case of a stable bladder, reflux Grades I-III received antibacterial treatment, while surgical correction was used for reflux Grades IV and V.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of three years of follow-up of 101 children are reported. Bladder instability was found in 39 children. Thirty of them with reflux Grades I-IV and instability could be managed with anticholinergic and antibacterial drugs, while 9 needed surgical correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A voiding cystourethrogram is only sufficient for the detection of reflux but for correct management of these children a (video)urodynamic study is mandatory. After treatment of frequently found bladder dysfunction, the reflux will disappear in the majority of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Erasmus University, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scholtmeijer
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nijman
mesh_terms: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D010276:Parasympatholytics