title: Locally advanced breast cancer: contrast-enhanced subtraction MR imaging of response to preoperative chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the value of contrast material-enhanced subtraction magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in assessment of response to chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen women treated with chemotherapy because of locally advanced breast cancer underwent preoperative MR examination including both routine and dynamic MR sequences after injection of gadolinium tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid. Any early contrast enhancement, concomitant with early vascular enhancement during the dynamic MR study, was considered pathologic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dynamic MR studies showed early contrast enhancement in all women with residual tumor except one with nodular residual tumor. Histopathologic analysis and dynamic MR images of contrast-enhanced lesions correlated well, but in one patient, intraductal extension was not seen on MR images, and in another, additional isolated tumor cells were seen in the histologic specimen. Subtraction images always facilitated visualization of vascular and pathologic contrast enhancement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic MR contrast-enhanced subtraction studies are useful in assessment of residual tumor after chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilles
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guinebretière
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toussaint
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spielman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rietjens
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Contesso
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masselot
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vanel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008408:Mastectomy; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D013382:Subtraction Technique
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C050823:gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate