title: Seasonal variation in the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection: a possible cause of the seasonal occurrence of peptic ulcer disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The seasonal variation of duodenal ulcer disease and its complications have been repeatedly demonstrated in Israel by several independent studies. The aim of this study was to determine possible seasonal variations in the occurrence of H. pylori infection among dyspeptic patients in Israel.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 14C-urea breath tests performed in dyspeptic patients at the gastroenterology department in the Tel Aviv Medical Center from January 1991 to December 1992 were reviewed. The monthly variation in the proportion of patients with H. pylori infection was determined, and compared with that of an unrelated 14C-cholyl-glycine breath test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, 702 patients were examined, and 371 (52.8%) of them were found to be infected with H. pylori. During summer months (July-September), a significant decrease in the percentage of patients infected with H. pylori was found, compared with winter months (December-January, 42.3% vs. 60.9%, p < 0.007). No seasonal variation was found in the results of 14C-cholyl-glycine test. The fluctuations in H. pylori infection were highly correlated with the seasonal occurrence of peptic ulcer disease in Israel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patients in Israel is significantly increased during the winter months and decreased in the summer. This seasonal variation is identical to that found in duodenal ulcer disease. Thus, the seasonal variation of peptic ulcer disease could be explained by H. pylori infection, as seen in other communicable infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Ichilov Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moshkowitz
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Konikoff
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arber
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peled
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bujanover
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gilat
mesh_terms: D001944:Breath Tests; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology; D006000:Glycocholic Acid; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012621:Seasons; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D014508:Urea; D006000:Glycocholic Acid