title: Regionally clustered APC mutations are associated with a severe phenotype and occur at a high frequency in new mutation cases of adenomatous polyposis coli.
abstract: Germline mutation in APC at 5q21-22 results in the dominantly inherited syndrome adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Somatic mutation in this gene is an early event in colorectal tumourigenesis. Both types of mutation are concentrated in the 5' half of exon 15. We have used single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and heteroduplex analysis to screen for variants in this region of the gene in a total of 45 affected but unrelated individuals. Eighteen patients had no family history of the disease; of these 11 were classified as having a severe phenotype, based on an early age at presentation or cancer development. This compared with 6 of 27 familial cases. A 5 bp deletion at codon 1309 reported to occur in 10-15% of unselected APC patients worldwide, was found in 5 of the 18 new mutation cases and 4 of the 27 familial cases: all nine were classed as severe. A further 3 new mutations and 1 familial mutation were located downstream from codon 1309, these individuals similarly being classed as phenotypically severe. In contrast all of the APC mutations detected in affected individuals with an average phenotype were located prior to codon 1309. The frequent association of a severe phenotype with fresh mutation may explain the apparent conflict of a high mutation rate (20-30%) in a condition, which on average, is lethal at a post-reproductive age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biometry, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gayther
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: SenGupta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsioupra
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Delhanty
mesh_terms: D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D017491:Genes, APC; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes / Q000235:genetics; D010375:Pedigree; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D017931:DNA Primers; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; D004247:DNA