title: One thousand liver transplants. The lessons learned.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the first 1000 liver transplants performed at UCLA Medical Center to determine factors responsible for improved results.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Liver transplant has evolved impressively since the first case was performed in 1963. The 1980s have highlighted this progress with the development of better organ preservation, standardization of operative procedure, improved immunosuppressive agents, and better understanding of patient selection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first 100 consecutive liver transplants (group 1) performed from February 1984 through October 1986 were compared with the last 200 (group 2) performed between September 1991 and June 1992. An analysis was made of donor use; changes in patient candidacy; patient care variables; morbidity and mortality; survival data; and hospital resource use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, 31% of donors were refused because of medical unsuitability compared with 4% in group 2 (p < 0.0001). In group 1, alcoholic patients comprised 1% of liver transplant candidates compared with 20% group 2 (p < 0.0001). High-risk patients (United Network for Organ Sharing criteria 4) only comprised 11% of patients in group 1 compared with 37% in group 2 (p < 0.0001). Operative time (7.6 hours compared with 5.4 hours), packed cell replacement (17 units compared with 9.5 units), intensive care unit stay (10 days compared with 5 days), and hospital stay (50 days compared with 31 days) were all significantly improved (p < 0.05). In group 1, the 1-year survival rate was 73% and improved to 88% in group 2 (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite unfavorable donor characteristics (obesity, cause of death, age, hypotension), most organs function well and should not be refused based on history alone. The older and high-risk patient (renal failure, ventilator dependence, portal vein pathology, and so on) is routinely transplanted with good success. Despite liberalization of both donor and recipient criteria, patient survival after liver transplant is improved, use of hospital resources is maximized, and cost reduction is achieved.
authors.affiliation: Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Busuttil
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaked
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Millis
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jurim
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Colquhoun
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Shackleton
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nuesse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Csete
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: McDiarmid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014019:Tissue Donors