Case finding for cognitive impairment in elderly emergency department patients.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the feasibility of a case-finding program for cognitive impairment in elderly emergency department patients, and to describe the prevalence of cognitive impairment in screened patients and identify factors associated with impairment.


METHODS
A three-month cross-sectional study. The six-item Orientation-Memory-Concentration (OMC) Test was administered to eligible patients.


METHODS
Community teaching hospital with annual ED census of 69,000 adults.


METHODS
All patients 65 years of age and older physically able to communicate and without a prior diagnosis of dementia were eligible. Five hundred forty-seven of 958 patients (59%) were interviewed; only 95 (10%) refused. Other reasons for exclusion were too ill, 113 (12%); other (sleeping, privacy, repeat visits, incomplete forms), 99 (10%); known dementia, 59 (6%); and communication problems, 45 (5%).


RESULTS
A mean time of 1.9 minutes (+/- 0.91 SD) was required to complete the test. One hundred eighty-three of 547 patients (33.5%) had scores that indicated at least moderate cognitive impairment. Logistic regression analyses identified two factors associated with impairment: age of more than 80 years (odds ratio, 3.68; 95% confidence interval, 2.21-6.14) and residence in a nursing home (odds ratio, 13.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.79-50.2).


CONCLUSIONS
Screening for cognitive impairment in elderly ED patients using the OMC Test is feasible. There is a high prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly ED patients, and the prevalence increases with age. Identification of cognitive impairment is important in the assessment of elderly ED patients and may affect clinical evaluation, patients' understanding of medical information, and compliance with discharge instructions.
Gerson
L W
LW
Division of Community Health Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities, College of Medicine, Rootstown.
Counsell
S R
SR
Fontanarosa
P B
PB
Smucker
W D
WD
D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000523:psychology; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009949:Orientation; D012044:Regression Analysis