title: Transgenic mice expressing IFN-gamma in the retina develop inflammation of the eye and photoreceptor loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory mediators such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are thought to play a role in ocular disease. Although IFN-gamma was found in the vitreous of mice with experimentally induced autoimmune uveitis, intracameral injection of this cytokine did not induce intraocular inflammation in mice. Therefore, the authors created a transgenic mouse line using the rhodopsin promoter to direct the expression of IFN-gamma in the photoreceptor cells of the retina. These mice, designated rho gamma, enabled them to model intraocular inflammatory disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors fused a 2.1 kb 5' Hind III fragment from the murine rhodopsin gene to the IFN-gamma gene and introduced the DNA construct into fertilized zygotes. These were implanted into pseudopregnant C57BL/6 mice, and the resulting progeny were crossed back to balb/c mice. The transgene was identified by Southern blot hybridization. Eyes from the rho gamma mice were either fixed in zinc formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or were frozen in OCT compound and processed for immunostaining using the indirect immunoperoxidase method with DAB as a chromogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rho gamma transgenic mice developed intraocular disease, manifested as intraocular cellular infiltration, loss of photoreceptors, corneal clouding, cataract formation, and epithelial and microglial proliferation. Additionally, rho gamma mice exhibited antigenic changes, comprising GFAP expression on Müller cells, accumulation of neurofilament on photoreceptors, and expression of MHC class I and class II molecules on retinal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IFN-gamma alters the antigenic properties of intraocular tissue and induces intraocular inflammation in mice. The results suggest a key position of IFN-gamma in the development of pathologic conditions related to intraocular inflammation and provide a useful animal model for the further study of inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallina
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarvetnick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005123:Eye / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D012243:Rhodopsin