title: Clinical phase-I study of Na2B12H11SH (BSH) in patients with malignant glioma as precondition for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Within the European collaboration on boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a clinical Phase I study is being carried out to establish BNCT as an alternative treatment modality for malignant glioma (WHO III/IV). Data about the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of the boron compound Na2B12H11SH (BSH) are of great importance to avoid radiation damage of healthy tissue and to deliver a sufficient radiation dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty four patients suffering from a glioblastoma multiforme entered the study to date, infused with a maximum concentration of up to 50 mg BSH/kg. Boron concentration measurements in tissues, urine, and blood were carried out, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and quantitative neutron capture radiography (QNCR). A cross-calibration of these boron determination techniques was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In tumor tissue, confirmed by histopathology of small biopsies, we found a consistently high but heterogeneous boron uptake. Necrotic parts contain much lower amounts of boron; normal brain tissue has shown no significant uptake. In skin, bone, muscle, and dura mater only small amounts of boron were found. In blood samples, we found biphasic kinetics, but with variations of the half-lives from patient to patient. The compound is mainly excreted through the urine, but an additional entero-hepatic pathway can be demonstrated. Systematic investigations revealed no toxic side effect of the intravenously administered BSH. Comparable data were obtained by using ICP-AES and QNCR for boron concentration measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taking into account the radiobiological considerations of the neutron beam source, we found promising facts that BNCT could be a useful irradiation method for highly malignant brain tumors. Favorable amounts of the boron compound BSH were found in tumor tissue, whereas healthy brain tissue has shown no significant uptake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haritz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gabel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huiskamp
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001894:Borohydrides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016754:Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001894:Borohydrides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C014651:mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate