title: Tactical emergency medical services: an emerging subspecialty of emergency medicine.
abstract: Law enforcement agencies are recognizing the need to have emergency medical care available at the scene of any incident involving tactical operations. The potentially volatile and dangerous atmosphere surrounding tactical operations is conducive to severe injury to officers, hostages, suspects, and bystanders. This mandates the immediate availability of basic and advanced life support services. However, a purely traditional approach to emergency medical services in the tactical environment may not be feasible and may expose prehospital personnel to greater danger. It also may disrupt the law enforcement mission. These factors mandate a different set of field assessment and treatment priorities. To meet these needs, selected prehospital personnel and emergency physicians train to work with and support special weapons and tactics teams.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, California.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Heiskell
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Carmona
mesh_terms: D002960:Civil Disorders; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D016495:Police; D012305:Riots; D014754:Violence