title: Peritoneal dialysis solution pH and Ca2+ concentration regulate peritoneal macrophage and mesothelial cell activation.
abstract: We evaluated the in vitro effects of pH and Ca2+ concentration of peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) on (1) the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) from peritoneal macrophages (PM0) and peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC); (2) the release of IL-6 and IL-8 by PMC; and (3) the PM0 and PMC intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Aliquots of 5 x 10(6) PM0 and PMC were incubated (2 hr, 37 degrees C) in 1 ml of physiologic growth medium (RPMI 1640) and in 1 ml of four different PDS (1.36 g/dl glucose): (1) type A PDS (pH 5.5, Ca2+ 1.75 mM), (2) type B PDS (pH 5.5, Ca2+ 1.25 mM), (3) type C PDS (bicarbonate buffered pH 7.4, Ca2+ 1.75 mmol/L, and (4) type D PDS (bicarbonate buffered pH 7.4, Ca2+ 1.25 mM); each was stimulated with S. epidermidis. Results showed that type A PDS samples induced an average 60% increase in PM0 and PMC cytoplasmic levels and in cytokine release, whereas with type B PDS samples there was a 90% decrease. Type C PDS samples did not modify the PM0 and PMC IL-6 and IL-8 production, whereas a 3-fold rise in the production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha by PM0 was seen; this was associated with an increase in PM0 and PMC Ca2+ cytoplasmic levels. When type D PDS samples were incubated, however, there was an average 40% decrease in PM0 and PMC cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and in cytokine release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, St. Paul's Hospital, Savona, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carozzi
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Caviglia
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nasini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schelotto
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietrucci
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014511:Uremia / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002118:Calcium