title: Normal heart: evaluation with echo-planar MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the appearance of the heart on spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GRE) echo-planar magnetic resonance (MR) images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine healthy volunteers were examined with an MR imager with transaxial echo-planar imaging (EPI) capabilities. SE EPI and GRE EPI sequences were used. Full k-space signal was obtained with readout time of 40 msec per image, and total image acquisition time was 72 and 52 msec, respectively, for SE EPI and GRE EPI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delineation of cardiac structures was superior with SE EPI, reflective of significantly higher contrast between myocardial and intraluminal signal intensity (SI) (P < .001). The higher (P < .01) and more homogeneous (P < .001) intraluminal SI with GRE EPI allowed better assessment of intracardiac flow. Septal SI was significantly higher for GRE EPI (P < .01), but signal homogeneity was similar for both sequences (P > .2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnostic images of the heart were obtained with both SE EPI and GRE EPI. GRE EPI is more suitable for flow studies because of the higher and more homogeneous intravascular SI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Radiology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Debatin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wetter
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Eichenberger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duewell
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: von Schulthess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values