title: Lack of comprehension of cause-effect relations in tool-using capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella).
abstract: Four tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella), successful in a tool task in which they used a stick to push a reward out of a tube, were tested in a similar task, with a tube with a hole and a small trap. Depending on where the stick was inserted, the reward was pushed either out of the tube or into the trap. With the trap-tube task, we assessed whether the monkeys understood the cause-effect relation between their behavior and the outcome. In Experiment 1, each subject underwent 14 10-trial blocks with the trap tube. Three subjects performed at chance level. The 4th subject's (Rb) performance improved, reaching 95% success in the last 6 blocks. In Experiment 2, Rb received additional tests to investigate its successful strategy further. Rb solved the trap-tube task by means of a distance-based, associative rule. The performances of the 4 subjects indicate that they did not take into account the effects of their actions on the reward.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Psicologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Visalberghi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Limongelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior; D001245:Association Learning; D002428:Cebus / Q000523:psychology*; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D011939:Mental Recall; D009042:Motivation; D011340:Problem Solving; D011597:Psychomotor Performance