title: [Role of formal education in the training of researchers: post-graduate education, masters, doctorates, and other standards].
abstract: The social function of Ph.D. graduates in the portuguese universities and scientific institutions is analyzed. Portuguese Ph.D degrees are compared with those obtained in British and American universities. American Graduate Schools are briefly described. It is proposed that, in Portugal, the Ph.D studies should start much earlier, than what is usual in portuguese universities. The impact on Portuguese universities of the very large number of Ph.D graduates produced as result of the Science I Program, is discussed. It is proposed that MSc programs should consist, almost exclusively, of professional refresher courses. The implications of formal graduate programs for Portuguese universities are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciências, Oeiras.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D004500:Education, Graduate; D011174:Portugal; D012106:Research / Q000193:education*
vernacular_title: O papel do ensino formal no treino de investigadores: ensino pós-graduado, mestrados, doutoramentos e outros figurinos.