title: [Physiopathology of the autonomous thyroid nodule].
abstract: "Autonomous" thyroid nodule is a localized nodular lesion of the thyroid gland characterized by growth, iodine uptake and function, all independent from TSH control. These nodules represent a heterogeneous anatomic and clinical entity. The clinical diagnosis is based upon a negative suppression of nodule iodine uptake and scan imaging by T3 administration. The nodule function is determined by high serum thyroid hormone levels and/or low TSH (measured by ultrasensitive assay). Etiology and pathogenesis of these nodules is not yet completely clarified. Both genetic and environmental factors determine nodule growth and function: thyroid cells, in fact, are genetically heterogeneous and may have intrinsic (congenital) characteristics that may promote the growth of cellular clones having mitotic and functional activity that is partially independent of TSH. In these particular cell clones, environmental factors like iodine deficiency or other goitrogens may favour the growth of autonomous nodules and also, by activating their function, may induce toxicity. The autonomous thyroid nodules need to be treated only when they become toxic: in this case both surgical excision or radioiodine may be used.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Endocrinologia, Ospedale Garibaldi, Università degli Studi di Catania.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vigneri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Catalfamo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Freni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gullo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iurato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: La Rosa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Regalbuto
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000172:deficiency; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000502:physiology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D007455:Iodine
vernacular_title: Fisiopatologia del nodulo "autonomo" della tiroide.