title: Prevention of orthotopic liver allograft rejection in rats with a short-term brequinar sodium therapy. Analysis of intragraft cytokine gene expression.
abstract: Brequinar sodium (BQR) is a new immunosuppressive drug that is highly effective in preventing graft rejection in several different experimental settings, including primary allografts and xenografts. A short course of BQR treatment during the onset of allograft rejection can induce the permanent survival of liver and kidney allografts in rats. To study the molecular basis of BQR-induced prolongation of allograft survival, we analyzed the intragraft pattern of IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF gene expression in the ACI-to-LEW liver allograft model. A semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction was developed to measure cytokine gene expression in control and BQR-treated liver graft recipients at various days after transplantation. Untreated control liver allografts expressed all of the cytokines analyzed. There was a marked increase in the steady state level of transcripts for each cytokine as graft rejection proceeded. The treatment of liver graft recipients with 12 mg/kg/day of BQR on days 6, 7, and 8 after transplantation suppressed the expression of all these cytokines within 24 hr of administration. The early suppression of cytokine expression was associated with a modest but distinct reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the liver grafts. The reduction in the level of transcripts for IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 persisted in long-term survivors (30 days after transplantation). In contrast, there was a significant increase in the level of transcripts for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, and IL-2R in these long-term survivors. Our results demonstrated clearly that the pattern of cytokine gene expression during allograft rejection is significantly altered by a 3-day course of therapy with BQR. The temporary down-regulation of cytokine gene expression may be responsible for an altered immunological state that results in the prolonged survival of liver allografts.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirwan
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cosenza
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Makowka
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Cramer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D011912:Rats, Inbred ACI; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D011798:Quinaldines
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C046943:brequinar; D011798:Quinaldines