title: Ethics.
abstract: A first ethical question is whether the assumptions underlying managed care and competition are sound enough to justify the moral risks attendant on dividing the physician's loyalties. Physicians have been immune from liability if they respond to cost-containment directives in the same way as their colleagues.
authors.affiliation: Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
mesh_terms: D030881:Disclosure; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D018166:Health Care Reform; D028681:Moral Obligations; D040841:Resource Allocation; D014481:United States