title: Comfort measures in breastfeeding, primiparous women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine various comfort measures and evaluate their effects in alleviating nipple soreness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively randomized, experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postpartum unit of a community teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three primiparous, postpartum, breastfeeding women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly assigned to four groups, with all women receiving instruction about breastfeeding and using one of the following treatments: warm moist tea bag compress, warm water compress, expressed milk massaged into the nipple and areola and air dried, instruction only (control group). The subjects completed a questionnaire each morning for 7 days regarding nipple soreness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effect of treatments on postpartum nipple pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects in the warm water compress group demonstrated significantly less pain on Day 3 than did the tea or breast milk group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anticipatory guidance by obstetric nurses may assist breastfeeding women in treating their pain nonpharmacologically.
authors.affiliation: York Hospital, PA 17405.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Buchko
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lerew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods*; D008895:Milk, Human; D009558:Nipples / Q000293:injuries*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010298:Parity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D013662:Tea