title: Laparoscopic and minilaparotomy cholecystectomy: a randomized trial comparing postoperative pain and pulmonary function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Upper abdominal surgery is associated with severe postoperative pain and a concomitant reduction in pulmonary function and oxygen saturation. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is said to result in less postoperative pain compared with open cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a pragmatic, randomized trial, postoperative pain, opiate analgesic consumption, oxygen saturation, and pulmonary function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and peak expiratory flow rate) were assessed after laparoscopic (n = 67) and minilaparotomy (n = 65) cholecystectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with minilaparotomy cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was associated with lower linear analogue pain scores (median 40 vs 59, p < 0.001), lower patient-controlled morphine consumption (median 22 vs 40 mg, p < 0.001), a smaller reduction in postoperative pulmonary function (mean peak expiratory flow rate 64% of preoperative value vs 49%, p < 0.001), and better oxygen saturation (mean 92.9% vs 91.2%, p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that the postoperative pain and pulmonary changes associated with upper abdominal surgery are significantly reduced by the laparoscopic technique. These findings suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy may result in a reduced risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sunderland
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Dwyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000698:Analgesia; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control