title: Osmolality electrolyte and carbohydrate type and oral rehydration solutions: a controlled study to compare the efficacy of two commercially available solutions (osmolalities 240 mmol/L and 340 mmol/L).
abstract: An open-label, inpatient study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of two oral rehydration solutions (ORS) given randomly to children aged 1-10 years who had acute gastroenteritis with mild or moderate dehydration (n = 45). One solution contained 60 mmol/l sodium and 1.8% glucose, total osmolality 240 mosm/l (Gastrolyte, Rhone-poulenc, Rorer) and the other contained 26 mmol/l sodium, 2.7% glucose and 3.6% sucrose, total osmolality 340 mOsm/l (Glucolyte, Gilseal). Analysis of data indicated that Gastrolyte therapy resulted in significantly fewer episodes and volume of vomiting over all time periods in comparison to Glucolyte and significantly less stool volume during the first 8 h and in the 0-24 h period. The differences between treatments in degree of dehydration at each follow-up period, duration of diarrhoea, and duration of hospital stay were not significant. No adverse drug reactions occurred. Six patients received intravenous rehydration treatment and were considered treatment failures. We conclude that oral rehydration therapy is safe and efficacious in the management of dehydration in acute diarrhoea and that the lower osmolar rehydration solution has clinically marginal advantages.
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Centre, Department of Child Health, University of Queensland, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cleghorn
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000628:therapy*; D005947:Glucose; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D015532:Rehydration Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012964:Sodium; D013395:Sucrose; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D013395:Sucrose; D012964:Sodium; D005947:Glucose