title: Effect of advanced cardiac life-support training in rural, community hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the effectiveness of training personnel in rural, community hospitals in advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) and the changes that result in the process and quality of care to patients with ischemic heart disease that can be attributed to participation by team members in an ACLS course.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-controlled, retrospective abstraction of hospital records of 869 consecutive patients with ischemic heart disease, who were admitted during the year preceding and the year following the ACLS course.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven rural, community hospitals in Wisconsin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physicians, nurses, and other critical care staff (others).
  
  
  METHODS
  Training in ACLS using 12 3-hr sessions in an interdisciplinary format by a multidisciplinary faculty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of successful attainment of the terminal behavior objectives by physicians and nurses were 84.0% and 78.8%, respectively. Less than 50% of others achieved a satisfactory level of competence. Performance on an examination of cognitive ability improved significantly for all groups (p < .005 for nurses; p < .05 for physicians). Enhancement of knowledge base and integrative skills occurred in all areas of designated ACLS content. Difficulty remained apparent relative to the pharmacologic effects of epinephrine and atropine. No statistically significant deterioration in didactic knowledge base could be detected 1 to 2 yrs after completion of the ACLS course. Slight deterioration in intubation and defibrillation skills occurred in < 3 months after completion of the course. Substantial costs were encumbered by the hospitals, despite the free training provided to the institutions. After ACLS training had been given, overall mortality rates decreased from 17.4% to 13.4% (p < .05). A pooled estimate of the decrease in the mortality rate was 1.4 +/- 3.8%/quarter. Across the entire spectrum of severity of illness, the probabilities for survival increased at a given severity of illness following completion of the course (p = .06). When extremes of severity of illness were excluded from the analysis, the differences in probability for survival over the midrange of severity were statistically significant (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training directed to the entire team likely to participate in the provision of ACLS in the community hospital favorably affects the overall practice of ACLS and the survival rate of patients with ischemic heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kuska
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fryback
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004496:Education, Continuing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000379:methods*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000193:education*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012423:Rural Health; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D014922:Wisconsin