title: Lipophilic dihydropyridines provide renal protection from cyclosporin toxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review cyclosporin nephrotoxicity and its prevention by calcium antagonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of published and unpublished studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity is the most important side effect of this potent immunosuppressive drug. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the production of this adverse effect but elevated endothelin release is perhaps the most frequently cited cause. Calcium antagonists have demonstrated a beneficial effect in preventing cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity in renal cadaveric transplants, during both short- and long-term follow-up. Lacidipine, a lipophilic dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, prevents the reductions in the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow that are often seen after cyclosporin A administration. This effect is not related to endothelin suppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium antagonists can provide renal protection in patients who undergo renal cadaveric transplantation and are treated with cyclosporin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rodicio
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ruilope
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009543:Nifedipine