title: Risk factors for pulmonary hypoplasia in second-trimester premature rupture of membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine the independent contribution of gestational age at rupture of membranes, latency period, and severity of oligohydramnios to the prediction of pulmonary hypoplasia in patients with second-trimester premature rupture of membranes.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women with premature rupture of membranes at < 28 weeks diagnosed between January 1982 and December 1990 were managed conservatively with a consistent protocol until intrauterine death or spontaneous or induced delivery. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia was made by strict pathologic and radiographic criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 63 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Pulmonary hypoplasia was present in 15 cases: two of nine stillborns, 12 of 25 neonatal deaths, and one of 24 survivors. All fetuses with pulmonary hypoplasia had oligohydramnios. Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of pulmonary hypoplasia was significantly associated with gestational age at premature rupture of membranes (p = 0.002), oligohydramnios during the latency period (p = 0.005), and duration of the latency period (p = 0.02). However, logistic regression analysis showed that only the first two variables were independent predictors of pulmonary hypoplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gestational age at premature rupture of membranes and oligohydramnios are independent predictors of the occurrence of pulmonary hypoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vergani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghidini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavallone
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ciarla
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappellini
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lapinski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D016104:Oligohydramnios / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors