title: Contrast media algogenic potential in peripheral arteriography. Potentiation of bradykinin-induced pain in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Contrast media (CM) with minimal algogenic (pain causing) potential in animal models of peripheral arteriography are still able to produce vascular pain in humans; the poor predictive value of preclinical evaluation led us to develop a more sensitive method based on CM potentiation of bradykinin effects in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioral pain responses and histologic alterations of the arteries were determined after intrafemoral injection of bradykinin to saline- or CM-pretreated rats. Pain reactions were compared with those elicited by single and repeated CM injections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast media enhanced bradykinin-induced pain was dose dependent with the following potency order: iopamidol > iopromide > ZK 139129 > ZK 119095. Vasodilation and alterations of the arterial internal layer also were seen. Iopromide produced this sensitization at doses that did not elicit evident pain reactions per se.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method proved to be a highly sensitive preclinical discriminant of CM algogenic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centro Investigación Justesa Imagen, S.A. (CIJISA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Alguacil
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Böhle
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alamo
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001920:Bradykinin