title: A comparative study of screening instruments for mental disorders in general hospital patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-administered questionnaires are frequently used in studies of hospitalized physically ill patients to identify and measure psychiatric morbidity. This study examines the validity of some commonly used questionnaires in this context.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-nine patients in a general hospital completed the GHQ, HAD, BDI and STAI and were interviewed using the SCID-R. The findings were evaluated against DSM-III-R diagnoses using the QROC curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight percent of patients obtained one or more DSM-III-R diagnoses; 25 percent mood disorder, 12 percent anxiety disorder, 11 percent drug abuse or dependence, 2 percent a somatic syndrome. Eleven percent had more than one diagnosis. As screening instruments for general psychiatric morbidity there were no statistically significant differences between versions of the GHQ and the HAD. With respect to identifying depression, the GHQ tended to perform better than the other instruments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questionnaires identified general morbidity and depression satisfactorily but anxiety and drug abuse and dependence syndromes poorly. The results also support the notion that the DSM-III-R classification has a number of deficiencies when used in this population.
authors.affiliation: Monash University Department of Psychological Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Herrman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012803:Sick Role; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology