title: Bacteremia due to transplantation of contaminated cryopreserved pancreatic islets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report two cases of pancreatic islet transplantation-related septicemia, and the results of an investigative protocol to identify potential sources of contamination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital clinical investigational islet transplantation program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The last two of our first seven islet transplantation recipients developed Enterobacter cloacae septicemia within hours of islet infusion. Both had received thawed cryopreserved islet infusions. No source of infection apart from islets could be identified. Pancreas harvesting and islet isolation protocols provided multiple opportunities for contamination. Environmental cultures during a mock islet isolation procedure failed to identify a source of Enterobacter. Previously cryopreserved islet lots were thawed and submitted for culture, 14/47 grew micro-organisms including E. cloacae in four instances. Following revision of protocols for aseptic handling of islets during processing and cryopreservation 55 consecutive pancreata undergoing processing were evaluated; 7 grew micro-organisms on arrival and in 3 cases these persisted through to cryopreservation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two of seven islet transplantation recipients developed septicemia, likely related to infusion of contaminated cryopreserved islets. Using existing technology, for isolating islets from donor pancreata, recipients will remain at risk for this complication. Prevention should entail strict adherence to aseptic technique, and, possibly, use of surveillance microbial cultures during the islet isolation process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirkland
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lakey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajotte
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Warnock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000601:surgery*; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male