title: Delineation of a human histone H4 cell cycle element in vivo: the master switch for H4 gene transcription.
abstract: Histone gene expression is cell cycle regulated at the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels. Upon entry into S phase, histone gene transcription is stimulated 2- to 5-fold and peaks within 1-3 hr of the initiation of DNA synthesis. We have delineated the proximal promoter element responsible for cell cycle-dependent transcription of a human histone H4 gene in vivo. Our results indicate that H4 cell cycle-dependent transcriptional regulation is mediated by an 11-base-pair element, the cell cycle element (5'-CTTTCG-GTTTT-3'), that resides in the in vivo protein-DNA interaction site, site II (nucleotides -64 to -24). The H4 cell cycle element functions as a master switch for expression of the FO108 human histone H4 gene in vivo; mutations within the H4 cell cycle element drastically reduce the level of expression as well as abrogate cell cycle-regulated transcription. Furthermore, these mutations result in a loss of binding in vitro of the cognate nuclear factor HiNF-M. In vivo competition analysis indicates that the cell cycle element mediates specific competition for a DNA-binding factor, presumably HiNF-M, that is a rate-limiting step in transcription of this H4 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramsey-Ewing
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Van Wijnen
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006657:Histones / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017354:Point Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D006657:Histones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins