title: Reduction of streptomycin-induced acute and chronic toxicities.
abstract: The acute and chronic toxicities of streptomycin sulfate (SS) and of the streptomycin hydrochloride-calcium chloride complex (SCC) were compared. The LD50 determined in mice was significantly higher for SCC than for SS. Chronic toxicity was evaluated by recording the nystagmus induced by damped torsion pendulum in rabbits. SS and SCC treatments (200 mg/kg intramuscularly of absolute streptomycin base) decreased the duration, the maximal frequency, and the total number of beats of nystagmus. However, SCC-induced changes were significantly lower than SS-induced ones. The extent of the lesion in the crista ampullaris was evaluated by light and electron microscopy and was correlated with the electrophysiological findings. Because the authors also demonstrated that there are no differences in the antibacterial effects of these salts, SCC may have a place in long-term streptomycin treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Brazil.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Doretto
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Marseillan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinto-Gonçalves
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Corrado
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004584:Electronystagmography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009760:Nystagmus, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D013307:Streptomycin