title: Hypoxic-ischemic effect on infants and children with cyanotic congenital heart disease: clinical assessment of neurological examination and brain magnetic resonance images.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Progress in early surgery and intensive care have enhanced survival for more individuals with serious cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD). Parents are understandably concerned about patients' brain function. Therefore, a study was undertaken of brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) in infants and children with cyanotic CHD, stressing the correlation between clinical neurological examination and brain MRI findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen infants and children with cyanotic CHD, 6 males and 10 females, were selected randomly from June 1991 to June 1993. Their ages ranged from 1 to 10 years, with a mean of 4.4 years. All patients underwent brain MRI and thorough clinical neurological examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prominent and tortuous vessels over the Willis circle and basal ganglia were the most common brain MRI findings among patients with normal neurological examination (7/9), while ventriculomegaly (5/7) was the common findings for patients with abnormal neurological examination. Two patients who presented with low-grade fever and Babinski sign were found incidentally to have brain abscesses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is not possible to make a conclusion from this preliminary report about the role which cyanotic CHD may play in the pathogenesis of brain insult, but the clinical neurological findings may provide guidance for the arrangement of brain MRI in infants and children with cyanotic CHD. Further larger scale, case-controlled study is needed to answer the controversial question whether cyanotic CHD per se causes brain insult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Shian
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000150:complications*; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011446:Prospective Studies