title: Mixed cryoglobulinemia in a heroin addict.
abstract: Several forms of glomerulopathies have been described in patients who use intravenous heroin, including focal glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy associated with chronic hepatitis B antigenemia, and immune complex proliferative glomerulonephritis. This report describes a patient who was a heroin addict for 15 years and who developed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and cutaneous vasculitis due to mixed cryoglobulinemia; he also had a positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. Recently, an association has been described between "essential" mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic HCV infection, which has a high prevalence in intravenous drug addict population. It is possible that mixed cryoglobulinemia-associated glomerulonephritis, occurring with chronic HCV infection, came to be considered a major cause of renal disease in heroin abusers. The possibility that HCV infection can be responsible for other types of renal involvement in intravenous drug addicts deserves further attention.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Unit, Setubal Districtal Hospital, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinhas
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000150:complications*; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000209:etiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000209:etiology; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000209:etiology