Caloric and carbohydrate restriction in the kidney: effects on free radical metabolism.
Carbohydrate restriction and caloric restriction (60% restriction of calories in relation to controls in both cases) were imposed on OF1 mice during 8 weeks in their growing phase. The three groups of animals ingested the same amount of vitamins and minerals. Kidney ascorbate strongly decreased in both restriction groups. Nevertheless, global caloric restriction significantly increased kidney antioxidant glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, a sign of a reduced kidney oxidative stress. Increased glutathione peroxidase and cytochrome oxidase activities and decreased in vivo peroxidation were found in the kidney when the restriction was performed by substituting carbohydrates by nonnutritive bulk. No significant changes were observed for superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, uric acid, malondialdehyde (HPLC), or in vitro sensitivity to peroxidation in the kidney. The results, reported for the first time in this tissue, show that short-term caloric restriction can increase the capacity for enzymatic decomposition of hydroperoxides and can decrease oxidative stress in the kidney, thus suggesting a role for free radical metabolism in the caloric restriction phenomenon.
Cadenas
S
S
Department of Animal Biology-II (Animal Physiology) Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Rojas
C
C
Pérez-Campo
R
R
López-Torres
M
M
Barja
G
G
D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D002149:Energy Intake; D005508:Food Deprivation; D005609:Free Radicals; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005609:Free Radicals; D014527:Uric Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid