title: Effect of propranolol on prevention of first variceal bleed and survival in patients with chronic liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propranolol has been shown to be effective in both primary and secondary treatment of variceal haemorrhage; most primary prevention trials have only included patients with large oesophageal varices.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to look at the effect of propranolol in the primary prevention of variceal bleeding and its long-term effects on mortality in unselected patients with chronic liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and nineteen patients were included in a double-blind parallel group study in three centres to receive propranolol 160 mg long-acting (LA) or placebo. Patients were followed up for a minimum of one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were eleven episodes of variceal bleeding and 38 deaths with no statistically significant difference in bleeding rates between the two treatment groups. Child's group and history of ascites were the most important prognostic factors determining the likelihood of early death and variceal bleeding respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study we failed to demonstrate a significant effect of propranolol on first variceal bleeding or in prolonging survival in unselected patients with chronic liver disease. Our results, however, might have been influenced by the low event rate observed in these unselected group of patients and suggest that careful selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from propranolol is important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Plevris
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elliot
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Hislop
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bouchier
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D011433:Propranolol