title: Technique and results of biliary reconstruction using side-to-side choledochocholedochostomy in 300 orthotopic liver transplants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluated the complication rate and outcome of side-to-side common bile duct anastomosis after human orthotopic liver transplantation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Early and late biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation remain a serious problem, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Commonly performed techniques are the end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy and the choledochojejunostomy. Both techniques are known to coincide with a high incidence of leakage and stenosis of the bile duct anastomosis. The side-to-side bile duct anastomosis has been shown experimentally to be superior to the end-to-end anastomosis. The authors present the results of 316 human liver transplants, in which a side-to-side choledochocholedochostomy was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biliary tract complications of 370 transplants in 340 patients were evaluated. Three hundred patients received primary liver transplants with side-to-side anastomosis of donor and recipient common bile duct. Thirty-two patients with biliary tract pathology received a bilioenteric anastomosis, and in eight patients, side-to-side anastomosis was not performed for various reasons. Clinical and laboratory investigations were carried out at prospectively fixed time points. X-ray cholangiography was performed routinely in all patients on postoperative days (PODs) 5 and 42. In patients with suspected papillary stenosis, endoscopic retrograde cholangioscopy and papillotomy were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One biliary leakage (0.3%) was observed within the early postoperative period (PODs 0 through 30) after liver transplantation. No stenosis of the common bile duct anastomosis was observed during this time. Late biliary stenosis occurred in two patients (0.6%). T tube-related complications were observed in 4 of 300 primary transplants (1.3%). Complications unrelated to the surgical technique, including papillary stenosis (5.7%) and ischemic-type biliary lesion (3.0%), which must be considered more serious in nature than complications of the anastomosis or T tube-related complications, were observed. Papillary stenosis led to frequent endoscopic interventions and retransplantations in 1.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Side-to-side common bile duct anastomosis represents a safe technique of bile duct reconstruction and leads to a low technical complication rate after human orthotopic liver transplantation. Ischemic-type biliary lesion evoked by preservation injury, arterial ischemia, cholestasis, and cholangitis may represent a new entity of biliary complication, which markedly increases the morbidity after human liver transplantation. Therefore, this complication should be the subject of further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Free University of Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blumhardt
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Bechstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Platz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002768:Choledochostomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006431:Hemobilia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies