title: Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines other than pertussis and rubella. Summary of a report from the Institute of Medicine.
abstract: In September 1993, the Institute of Medicine released a report entitled Adverse Events Associated With Childhood Vaccines: Evidence Bearing on Causality. The report examined putative serious adverse consequences associated with administration of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids; measles, mumps, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccines; oral polio vaccine and inactivated polio vaccine; hepatitis B vaccines; and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines. The committee spent 18 months reviewing all available scientific and medical data, from individual case reports (published and unpublished) to controlled clinical trials. The committee found that the evidence favored the rejection of a causal relation between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and encephalopathy, infantile spasms, and sudden infant death syndrome, and between conjugate Hib vaccines and susceptibility to Hib disease. The committee found that the evidence favored acceptance of a causal relation between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and Guillain-Barré syndrome and brachial neuritis, between measles vaccine and anaphylaxis, between oral polio vaccine and Guillain-Barré syndrome, and between unconjugated Hib vaccine and susceptibility to Hib disease. The committee found that the evidence established causality between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and anaphylaxis, between measles vaccine and death from measles vaccine-strain viral infection, between measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis, between oral polio vaccine and poliomyelitis and death from polio vaccine-strain viral infection, and between hepatitis B vaccine and anaphylaxis. For five vaccine-related adverse events, there was no evidence identified. For the remaining 33 vaccine-related adverse events, the evidence was inadequate to accept or reject a causal relation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000009:adverse effects; D022422:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; D009108:Mumps Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects; D015969:National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division; D017891:Pharmacoepidemiology / Q000379:methods; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000009:adverse effects; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012411:Rubella Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000009:adverse effects; D014481:United States; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D022422:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; D009108:Mumps Vaccine; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; D012411:Rubella Vaccine; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D014612:Vaccines