title: Detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in cells from synovial fluid and peripheral blood of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoperoxidase staining for CMV specific antigens, virus isolation and antibody assays were applied to study samples from patients with RA of less than one year's duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By PCR, CMV DNA was detected in granulocytes from 3 of 24 synovial fluid (SF) samples and in 10 of 43 peripheral blood samples of patients with RA. These figures are not significantly different from those observed for the control groups (reactive arthritis, other arthropathies, healthy individuals). By immunoperoxidase staining, no evidence for the CMV antigens was observed in the SF cells. All the virus isolations were negative, and the level of CMV specific circulating antibodies in RA was not different from that in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of the negative results, the potential role of CMV in the etiology of RA cannot be totally excluded on the basis of these results; the mutual contribution of the triggering agent and the host response in genetically susceptible individuals is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamm
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lautenschlager
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikkari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Möttönen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luukkainen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skurnik
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toivanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes