title: Functionally active targeting domain of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase: an inhibitor of G beta gamma-mediated stimulation of type II adenylyl cyclase.
abstract: The beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK) phosphorylates its membrane-associated receptor substrates, such as the beta-adrenergic receptor, triggering events leading to receptor desensitization. beta ARK activity is markedly stimulated by the isoprenylated beta gamma subunit complex of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G beta gamma), which translocates the kinase to the plasma membrane and thereby targets it to its receptor substrate. The amino-terminal two-thirds of beta ARK1 composes the receptor recognition and catalytic domains, while the carboxyl third contains the G beta gamma binding sequences, the targeting domain. We prepared this domain as a recombinant His6 fusion protein from Escherichia coli and found that it had both independent secondary structure and functional activity. We demonstrated the inhibitory properties of this domain against G beta gamma activation of type II adenylyl cyclase both in a reconstituted system utilizing Sf9 insect cell membranes and in a permeabilized 293 human embryonic kidney cell system. Gi alpha-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase was not affected. These data suggest that this His6 fusion protein derived from the carboxyl terminus of beta ARK1 provides a specific probe for defining G beta gamma-mediated processes and for studying the structural features of a G beta gamma-binding domain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inglese
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Luttrell
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Iñiguez-Lluhi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Touhara
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lefkowitz
mesh_terms: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D054746:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D051381:Rats; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology; D051552:beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases
chemical_list: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D054746:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D051552:beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases