title: Inactivation of lipid-enveloped and non-lipid-enveloped model viruses in normal human plasma by crosslinked starch-iodine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate an iodine-based method of activating potentially harmful viruses that might be found in normal human plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A procedure has been developed for inactivating lipid-enveloped and non-lipid-enveloped model viruses in normal human plasma by using iodine complexed to crosslinked potato starch. The established conditions are an iodine concentration of 1.05 mg per mL and 60 minutes' incubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under these conditions, inactivation of more than 9 log10 of vesicular stomatitis virus, a lipid-enveloped virus, and more than 7 log10 of encephalomyocarditis virus, a non-lipid-enveloped virus, was achieved, with minimal losses of biologic activity of selected plasma proteins. Under these conditions, 70 percent of factor VIII activity, 77 percent of factor IX activity, and 100 percent of protein C activity in the plasma were retained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crosslinked starch-iodine may be useful in the inactivation of viruses in single-donor plasma units and in pooled human plasma before fractionation.
authors.affiliation: Plasma Derivatives Department, Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Highsmith
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caple
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Walthall
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Drohan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shanbrom
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D002213:Capsid / Q000187:drug effects; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004686:Encephalomyocarditis virus / Q000254:growth & development*; D005164:Factor IX / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011486:Protein C / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D011486:Protein C; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D005164:Factor IX