title: Surgery for stage IIIa-N2 non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node metastasis (N2 disease) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer presents a formidable challenge to the physician responsible for selecting therapy. The benefit of a surgical approach is controversial; however, it generally is agreed that only complete resection of all known tumor can provide a favorable outcome. This requires selecting patients for whom complete resection is a reasonable surgical objective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of a collected data base comprising records for 2883 patients who underwent definitive surgical treatment was accomplished to emphasize the prognostic implications of regional lymph node metastasis. Patients making up the N2 subset (n = 307) were the focus of the investigation, and providing insight to the puzzle of appropriate patient selection was a major goal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-year cumulative survival rates for patients with N0, N1, and N2 disease were, respectively, 62%, 43% and 31%. Three factors significantly influenced the outcome: a complete lymph node dissection, the extent of mediastinal lymph node involvement, and apparent complete resection of all tumor. Important survival determinants were the number of nodes involved, the level of involvement (single or multiple levels), and a T1 primary tumor status. Criteria for unresectability and recommendations for patient selection were developed from (1) the end results of the study and (2) the contributions of imaging and invasive techniques to clinical staging and to the histologic verification of nodal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Mountain
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies