title: Comparative study of the survival rate of frozen-thawed embryos with perforated zonae from microsurgical fertilization and frozen-thawed embryos with intact zonae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the survival rate of frozen-thawed embryos with perforated zonae from microsurgical fertilization (subzonal insemination) (SUZI) with that of embryos with intact zonae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight embryos resulting from microsurgical fertilization by SUZI were cryopreserved in 16 patient cycles. Within the same period, 140 zonae-intact embryos from 46 patient cycles were cryopreserved. The survival rate of the SUZI embryos was compared with the zonae-intact embryos after thawing. Clinical pregnancies were compared after the transfer of the thawed embryos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total survival rates were 94.7% and 89.3% for thawed SUZI embryos and zonae-intact embryos, respectively. Within each type of embryo, total survival rates were similar irrespective of the age of the embryos at freezing. The blastomere loss per thawed embryo was the same for zonae-intact and SUZI embryos. One clinical pregnancy was obtained in patients who received thawed SUZI embryos and nine in patients who received embryos with intact zonae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that SUZI embryos can be cryopreserved and thawed with the same degree of confidence as zonae-intact embryos. The low implantation rate of thawed SUZI embryos requires confirmation in a larger clinical series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Obasaju
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Venier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merola
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ying
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D015996:Survival Rate