title: In vitro production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in IgG-mediated red cell incompatibility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1 (IL-1) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of immune-mediated hemolysis. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms by which inflammatory events in these reactions may be downregulated. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) inhibits the actions of IL-1 by competition for cellular receptors, and thus it may regulate the biologic actions of IL-1 during immune-mediated hemolysis. The production of IL-1ra by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in response to IgG-coated red cells in vitro was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh PBMNCs were obtained by density gradient separation of heparinized whole blood. PBMNCs were cultured in the presence of anti-D-coated, Rh-positive red cells or uncoated Rh-negative red cells under nonadherent conditions. IL-1ra concentrations in the culture media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-1ra and IL-1 beta gene expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis of PBMNC mRNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1ra production was evident 4 hours after stimulation with IgG-coated red cells and increased progressively over 24 hours. Gene expression of IL-1ra was first detected at 2 hours, lagging behind that of IL-1 beta. IL-1ra gene expression was not inhibited by neutralizing polyclonal antibodies to IL-1. Immunocytochemical staining to determine the cellular source localized IL-1ra production to monocytes engaged in erythrophagocytosis. IL-1ra production was inhibited by dexamethasone (10(-7) M).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that IL-1ra production may partly account for the variable pathophysiologic events seen in IgG-mediated autoimmune hemolysis and hemolytic transfusion reactions. Steroid treatment may also downregulate anti-inflammatory cytokine production in immune hemolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Burdick
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Strieter
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kunkel
mesh_terms: D000744:Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / Q000209:etiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System