title: Immediate anticoagulation with heparin for first-ever ischemic stroke in the carotid artery territories observed within 5 hours of onset.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and possible efficacy of heparin sodium anticoagulation within 5 hours of the onset of first-ever nonlacunar ischemic strokes in the internal carotid artery territories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pilot study, prospective and open.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient stroke unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 360 stroke patients observed during 13 months, 45 (12.5%) were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heparin sodium was administered intravenously, starting with a bolus of 10,000 U, followed by continuous infusion over 4 days at a rate adjusted to maintain an activated partial thromboplastin time ratio between 2 and 2.5. The mean interval from stroke to treatment was 197 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients had cerebral hemorrhage, one of which was fatal. None had extracranial major bleeding, while six had minor bleeding. The conditions of 23 patients improved, 16 patients were stable, and six patients worsened by day 1, while 29 patients improved, eight patients were stable, and eight patients worsened by day 7. Six patients died by the first month and five more by the sixth month. Twenty-one patients were self-sufficient, both at 1 and 6 months. Hemorrhagic complications were unrelated to any investigated factor. Multivariate analysis indicated that short-term outcome was predicted only by infarct size (P < .0001) and long-term outcome by infarct size (P = .002) and large vessel status (P = .0235).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that immediate heparin treatment for ischemic carotid stroke is feasible and generally safe and that patients whose conditions improve are those with smaller infarct size and no evidence of large vessel obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Second Neurological Department, Ospedali Riuniti Bergamo, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camerlingo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casto
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Censori
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gazzaniga
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cesana
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mamoli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin