title: Socioeconomic influences on back problems in the community in Britain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between measures of socioeconomic status and reported back pain in a national sample survey of the adult population of Britain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of a cross sectional interview survey (the Health and Lifestyle Survey).
  
  
  METHODS
  Households in England, Wales, and Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Those 9003 adults aged 18 years and above who agreed to an interview, from a study base of 12,254 private households that had been identified in a three stage sampling procedure based on electoral registers. Subjects who reported back pain in the month before interview were compared with all those who stated they had not experienced this symptom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women whose households were in the lowest income category were more likely to report back pain than those in the highest income group (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 2.1). In addition, women with no formal educational qualification were more likely to report back pain than women who had a qualification (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.0, 2.1). These associations were not explained by smoking, obesity, and coexistent depressive symptoms. In men the only socioeconomic link with back pain seemed to be manual occupation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm the higher burden of back pain in the socially disadvantaged, but suggest that this cannot yet be explained by known risk factors for back trouble.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis and Rheumatism Council Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Manchester.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rigby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology