title: Specialist outreach clinics in general practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the extent and nature of specialist outreach clinics in primary care and to describe specialists' and general practitioners' views on outreach clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone interviews with hospital managers. Postal questionnaire surveys of specialists and general practitioners.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 hospitals in England and Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 hospital managers, all of whom responded. 96 specialists and 88 general practitioners involved in outreach clinics in general practice, of whom 69 (72%) and 46 (52%) respectively completed questionnaires. 122 additional general practitioner fundholders, of whom 72 (59%) completed questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of specialist outreach clinics; organisation and referral mechanism; waiting times; perceived benefits and problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  28 of the hospitals had a total of 96 outreach clinics, and 32 fundholders identified a further 61 clinics. These clinics covered psychiatry (43), medical specialties (38), and surgical specialties (76). Patients were seen by the consultant in 96% (107) of clinics and general practitioners attended at only six clinics. 61 outreach clinics had shorter waiting times for first outpatient appointment than hospital clinics. The most commonly reported benefits for patients were ease of access and shorter waiting times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specialist outreach clinics cover a wide range of specialties and are popular, especially in fundholding practices. These clinics do not seem to have increased the interaction between general practitioners and specialists.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University of Manchester, Rusholme Health Centre.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilkin
mesh_terms: D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D004739:England; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008511:Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000639:trends*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013038:Specialization; D014850:Waiting Lists; D014852:Wales