title: Improved cumulated nitrogen balance after administration of recombinant human growth hormone in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the catabolic state following major gastrointestinal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as a prospective controlled randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit and the surgical ward of the Department of Surgery, Städtische Kliniken Dortmund, FRG.
  
  
  METHODS
  39 patients were studied postoperatively following gastrectomy or resection of the rectum. The patients were 40-75 years old.
  
  
  METHODS
  0.075 (n = 11), 0.15 (n = 9) or 0.30 IU rhGH/kg/day (n = 9) or placebo (n = 10) were given subcutaneously at 8:00 a.m. during 5 postoperative days. Resting energy expenditure (REE) on the 1st postoperative day was 2,042 +/- 82 kcal/24 h (REE/BEE 1.44 +/- 0.04). Isocaloric, isonitrogenous total parenteral nutrition provided the energy requirements (4 g carbohydrates/kg, 0.9 g fat/kg, 1.25 g amino acids/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 5 days of treatment, cumulated nitrogen balance (CNB) was improved dose-relatedly. In controls, net nitrogen losses (-20.47 +/- 3.86 g) were significantly higher than after 0.15 (-12.14 +/- 3.5 g) and 0.30 IU rhGH/kg (-10.0 +/- 2.61 g). 0.075 IU rhGH/kg showed no significant effect on CNB (-18.07 +/- 5.73 g). The modulation of protein metabolism by GH may be mediated by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Postoperatively serum (S)-IGF-I was decreased in all groups. rhGH caused a significant dose-related increase in S-IGF-I levels on day 6, whereas in controls it remained unchanged during the study period. Besides significant elevations in serum glucose in some cases of both larger dosage groups no side effects were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protein-sparing effect of rhGH after major gastrointestinal surgery is dose related but not linear. A threshold value for a significant improvement in the CNB seems to be at least at 0.15 IU rhGH/kg/day.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Klinik, Städtische Kliniken Dortmund, FRG.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tacke
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bolder
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Löhlein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004239:Diverticulitis, Colonic / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000097:blood*; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D009584:Nitrogen