title: Cellular immunity to viral antigens limits E1-deleted adenoviruses for gene therapy.
abstract: An important limitation that has emerged in the use of adenoviruses for gene therapy has been loss of recombinant gene expression that occurs concurrent with the development of pathology in the organ expressing the transgene. We have used liver-directed approaches to gene therapy in mice to study mechanisms that underlie the problems with transient expression and pathology that have characterized in vivo applications of first-generation recombinant adenoviruses (i.e., those deleted of E1a and E1b). Our data are consistent with the following hypothesis. Cells harboring the recombinant viral genome express the transgene as desired; however, low-level expression of viral genes also occurs. A virus-specific cellular immune response is stimulated that leads to destruction of the genetically modified hepatocytes, massive hepatitis, and repopulation of the liver with nontransgene-containing hepatocytes. These findings suggest approaches for improving recombinant adenoviruses that are based on further crippling the virus to limit expression of nondeleted viral genes.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Human Gene Therapy, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berencsi
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Furth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gönczöl
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D017500:Adenovirus E1A Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D017501:Adenovirus E1B Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005814:Genes, Viral; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008938:Mitosis; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D017500:Adenovirus E1A Proteins; D017501:Adenovirus E1B Proteins; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D001616:beta-Galactosidase