title: Psychotherapeutic routes to structural change.
abstract: The changes in psychic structure attributed to the effects of interpretation when they transpire during psychoanalysis occur spontaneously in the course of normal development. The parental behaviors associated with the changing structure of the normally developing personality are similar to various specific and nonspecific features called "supportive" in psychotherapy. These features include interventions that promote a "learning" state by optimizing anxiety, foster a sense of self and of agency, encourage mature relationships, and strengthen adaptive defenses.
authors.affiliation: New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Westchester Division, White Plains, NY 10605.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Appelbaum
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D004532:Ego; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010553:Personality Development; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy; D012649:Self Concept