title: Orally administered clarithromycin for the treatment of systemic Mycobacterium avium complex infection in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and antimycobacterial activity of orally administered clarithromycin in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase I study with a 10-day pharmacokinetic phase followed by a 12-week continuation therapy phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with a median age of 8.3 years were enrolled. Ten were receiving zidovudine and 13 were receiving didanosine at the time of enrollment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clarithromycin suspension was administered to each patient at one of three dose levels: 3.75, 7.5, and 15 mg/kg per dose every 12 hours. Clarithromycin and antiretroviral pharmacokinetics were measured during single-drug and concurrent-drug administration. Clinical and laboratory monitoring was performed biweekly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clarithromycin was well tolerated at all dose levels. Plasma clarithromycin concentrations increased proportionately with increasing doses, and significant pharmacokinetic interactions were not observed during concurrent administration with zidovudine or didanosine. Decreases in mycobacterial load in blood were observed only at the highest clarithromycin dose level. Decreased susceptibility to clarithromycin developed rapidly (within 12 to 16 weeks) in the majority of MAC strains isolated from study patients.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Husson
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandelli
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Inderlied
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Venzon
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Conville
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Witebsky
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pizzo
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D017291:Clarithromycin