title: Recurrent forearm thrombophlebitis after transvenous permanent pacemaker insertion.
abstract: This report describes a 69-year-old Japanese woman with bilateral forearm thrombophlebitis that developed soon after transvenous permanent pacemaker insertion. Intravenous administration of urokinase and heparin rapidly resolved fever, painful forearm swelling and inflammatory findings. Digital subtraction venograms revealed a brachiocephalic vein thrombosis. A ten-month treatment with warfarin and ticlopidine resulted in the complete restoration of venous flow. Although thrombophlebitis associated with transvenous permanent pacemaker insertion has a relatively low incidence (0.3%), prompt diagnosis and treatment with anticoagulant and/or thrombolytic agents are important for the late clinical outcome in cases with deep venous thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu Kosei-Nenkin Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizushima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sese
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator