title: Type-specific immune response to human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I and type II infections in Nigeria.
abstract: Type-specific antibody responses to human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) were studied in blood samples collected from 25 different locations in Nigeria between 1985 and 1991 and stored at the University College Hospital in Ibadan. A total of 4,153 sera were collected from participants in the National Immunity Survey of Viral Infections (n = 1,640), patients with tuberculosis (TB) (n = 140), patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (n = 876), patients with other medical conditions (n = 1,285), female prostitutes (n = 60), and health care workers (n = 152). The overall seroprevalence of HTLV was 5.6%, with similar rates among males and females. Using enzyme immunoassays that differentiated between antibodies to the two viruses, the seroprevalence rates were 2.5% for HTLV-I and 1.9% for HTLV-II, with an additional 1.2% of the samples dually reactive for both HTLV-I and HTLV-II. The seroprevalence rates for HTLV were low among children (0.8%) and adolescents (1.7%), with substantially higher rates among adults (range 5.0-7.4%). Age-specific patterns among adults appears to differ for HTLV-I and HTLV-II, with HTLV-I rates peaking above age 50 and HTLV-II rates peaking below age 50. The highest overall HTLV prevalence rates were observed for STD patients (16.3%), followed by female prostitutes (8.3%), TB patients (6.4%), health care workers (3.3%), patients with other medical conditions (3.2%), and immunity survey participants (1.8%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Oncology and AIDS Research, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Olaleye
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ekweozor
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sullivan-Halley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasheed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015481:HTLV-I Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015482:HTLV-II Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015491:HTLV-II Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011477:Sex Work; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D015481:HTLV-I Antibodies; D015482:HTLV-II Antibodies