Health risks from contaminated water: do class and race matter?
The impact of contaminants in water on minorities and economically disadvantaged persons was reviewed. Environmental legislation governing water was summarized as background information against which relevant studies were evaluated. The majority of the available information was anecdotal or case study and did not lend itself to making quantitative comparisons or analyses. However, the data did present certain trends that led to the conclusion that inequities concerning exposure to contaminants in water may exist. The following recommendations were made: current data bases should be analyzed and new data bases created to facilitate assessments of exposure to waterborne contaminants to all populations; an analysis of populations not covered by the Safe Drinking Water Act should be undertaken; a survey should be conducted of the drinking water infrastructure and the results evaluated to identify any impacts to minorities and economically disadvantaged persons; the social, cultural and economic characteristics that influence human exposure to waterborne contaminants need to be identified; and better educational and community outreach programs need to be developed and implemented.
Calderon
R L
RL
Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
Johnson
C C
CC
Craun
G F
GF
Dufour
A P
AP
Karlin
R J
RJ
Sinks
T
T
Valentine
J L
JL
D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003710:Demography; D004782:Environmental Health; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D009518:New York; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*