title: Risk factors in schoolchildren associated with a family history of unheralded myocardial infarction or uncomplicated stable angina in male relatives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis in children with a family history of unheralded myocardial infarction or uncomplicated stable angina.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In patients with unheralded myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerosis might have a greater tendency to cause acute coronary occlusion than in patients with uncomplicated stable angina, suggesting the possibility of different risk factors in these two groups of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum lipid levels were compared in children with a family history of unheralded myocardial infarction (236 children) or uncomplicated stable angina (48 children) or no family history of ischemic heart disease (613 children).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/- 1 SD) total serum cholesterol was higher in children with a family history of myocardial infarction than in control subjects (161 +/- 28 vs. 154 +/- 25 mg%, p < 0.01). In children with a family history of stable angina, mean total serum cholesterol (159 +/- 25 mg%) was similar to that in children with family history of myocardial infarction. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were higher in children with family history of stable angina than in children with family history of myocardial infarction and control subjects (69 +/- 18 vs. 61 +/- 13 and 60 +/- 13 mg%, p < 0.01; 143 +/- 23 vs. 130 +/- 18 and 129 +/- 18 mg%, p < 0.01, respectively). In children with a family history of myocardial infarction, the low density/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was significantly higher than in control subjects (1.53 +/- 0.64 vs. 1.44 +/- 0.56, p < 0.05). Conversely, in children with a family history of stable angina, this ratio (1.24 +/- 0.51) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for coronary athersclerosis in children with a family history of unheralded myocardial infarction are different from those in children with a family history of uncomplicated stable angina. Higher levels of apolipoprotein A-I early in life might reduce the risk of acute coronary syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Cardiologia, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaspardone
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomai
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shoulders
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Fazio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Versaci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iamele
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roncaglioni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gioffré
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maseri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008055:Lipids