title: Differences and variations in the patterns of early independent walking.
abstract: The early development of walking was investigated in 25 normal fullterm and in 25 low-risk preterm infants. All subjects were videorecorded within 3-4 weeks of the beginning of independent walking and again 4 months later. Analysis of the videos was carried out according to a predetermined list of items, with a semiquantitative score for each. The results indicate wide interindividual differences in normal infants in the form of independent walking. Several items seemed to be associated in different ways in different individuals. Age of onset, as long as the corrected age was considered, did not differ between preterm and fullterm infants, neither did their walking patterns. Gait asymmetries were often observed in both groups and they were related with asymmetries observable in prewalking locomotor behaviour. Toe-strike often occurred at the beginning of walking, but not after 4 months; in preterm infants the toe strike pattern correlated significantly with certain motor characteristics observed during the first weeks of life.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Neurology, Psychiatry and Educational Psychology, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cioni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duchini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Milianti
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Paolicelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sicola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boldrini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D005684:Gait; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009043:Motor Activity; D011187:Posture; D014741:Video Recording; D016138:Walking