title: Basal ganglia volumes and white matter hyperintensities in patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accumulating evidence suggests an association between abnormalities of the basal ganglia and affective disorders. The authors hypothesized that patients with bipolar disorder would demonstrate smaller basal ganglia volumes and a greater number of hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging than comparison subjects who were matched on age, race, sex, and education.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volumes of the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus were measured in 30 patients with bipolar disorder and 30 matched normal comparison subjects. The presence, number, and location of hyperintensities were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male patients with bipolar disorder demonstrated larger caudate volumes than male comparison subjects. Older, but not younger, patients with bipolar disorder demonstrated more hyperintensities than comparison subjects, primarily in frontal lobe white matter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are not consistent with those of previous studies showing reduced basal ganglia volume in subjects with affective disorders, but they are consistent with previous findings of increased white matter hyperintensities, especially in older patients with bipolar disorder. Considered together with results from other studies, the findings suggest that the nature of basal ganglia/subcortical white matter involvement may differ according to the type of depression (unipolar versus bipolar) and the age and sex of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Aylward
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Roberts-Twillie
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Barta
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geer
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Peyser
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pearlson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011699:Putamen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012737:Sex Factors