title: Expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein and its receptor in human umbilical cord: evidence for a paracrine system involving umbilical vessels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to study the expression and localization of parathyroid hormone-related protein and expression of the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor in human umbilical cord.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression and localization of parathyroid hormone-related protein and expression of the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor were studied in isolated tissues from the human umbilical cord by Northern analysis, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Southern gel analysis, and immunolocalization procedures at the light and electron microscopic levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parathyroid hormone-related protein was abundantly expressed in the umbilical cord. Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical techniques confirmed hormone localization in the amnion epithelial layer and in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in vessels from the umbilical cord and placental chorionic plate. Multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction identified expression of receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in vessels of the umbilical cord; this finding was verified by means of Southern gel analysis of the products of the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A parathyroid hormone-related protein paracrine system appears to exist in human umbilical cord. We suggest that it may be involved in the control of fetal placental circulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seaner
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bruns
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Redick
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jüppner
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Segre
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bruns
mesh_terms: D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone / Q000032:analysis*; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C470121:PTHLH protein, human; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone