Ergogenic effects of phosphate loading: physiological fact or methodological fiction?
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) supplementation has been reported to provide ergogenic benefits, though the research findings are inconsistent. Several confounding influences may explain these results, including mode of exercise, exercise intensity, dietary intake, daily biological fluctuations, type of supplement, administered dose of the supplement, washout period, length of loading period, fitness level of subjects, blood volume alterations, and sample collection and analysis techniques. This review provides a critical analysis of the methodological difficulties that may contribute to the equivocal research findings pertaining to Pi supplementation.
Tremblay
M S
MS
Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
Galloway
S D
SD
Sexsmith
J R
JR
D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D000328:Adult; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004032:Diet; D004163:Diphosphoglyceric Acids / Q000097:blood; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012107:Research Design; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013997:Time Factors
D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004163:Diphosphoglyceric Acids; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D010710:Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; C018279:sodium phosphate