title: Local excision of rectal carcinoma. Early results with combined chemoradiation therapy using 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to evaluate the treatment morbidity, functional outcome, and recurrence risk of patients undergoing local excision and combined chemoradiation therapy for rectal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients underwent local excision of their rectal carcinoma. Four patients underwent local excision alone (T1-2, N0-X, low risk), 10 patients underwent local excision with postoperative chemoradiation therapy using 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (T1-2, N0-X, high risk), and 4 patients underwent local excision, chemoradiation therapy, and six months of additional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (T3 or N1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the four patients undergoing local excision alone, there was no treatment morbidity or alteration in functional outcome. Of the 14 patients receiving chemoradiation therapy, three reported early Grade 3-4 toxicity manifested by cystitis, proctitis, or perineal skin desquamation. At six months, two patients reported persistent rectal urgency and occasional fecal incontinence, and 11 patients reported increasing stool frequency (average, 3: range, 2-8). The six months of additional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin were well tolerated and did not appear to further affect functional outcome. There were no local recurrences, although one patient developed distant metastatic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This treatment regimen, while generally well tolerated, is associated with significant acute toxicity in certain patients. We have identified specific causative factors which can be modified to decrease acute morbidity, including the elimination of leucovorin during the combined chemoradiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wazer
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hackford
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil