title: Cyclo-oxygenase products released by low pH have capsaicin-like actions on sensory nerves in the isolated guinea pig heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous work has shown that ischaemia releases calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) from capsaicin sensitive nerve terminals in the perfused heart. Prostacyclin (PGI2) is also released during ischaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the release of CGRP by low pH and lactic acid was associated with PGI2 formation and if PGI2 mediated its effect through capsaicin receptors which could be inhibited by capsazepine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The isolated Langendorff perfused guinea pig heart was used with a constant perfusion pressure of 70 cm H2O. Low pH was accomplished by changing the Tyrode solution to buffers with pH 7, 6, and 5, or lactic acid (5 mM with pH 6.9). The outflow of CGRP and the stable PGI2 metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was measured by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low pH (pH 7, 6, 5) and lactic acid evoked release of CGRP. At moderate acidosis (pH 7 and 6) the CGRP release was dependent on extracellular Ca2+, while at pH 5 approximately half of the peptide release persisted in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. This release was attenuated by diclofenac or indomethacin, two inhibitors of prostaglandin formation, as well as by the capsaicin receptor antagonist capsazepine. Both arachidonic acid and PGI2, the predominant cyclo-oxygenase product formed during myocardial ischaemia, evoked a capsazepine sensitive release of CGRP, while capsazepine did not influence the formation of PGI2 evoked by low pH or arachidonic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the isolated guinea pig heart, moderate acidosis is associated with CGRP release dependent on influx of extracellular Ca2+ and formation of PGI2, with subsequent stimulation of capsazepine sensitive receptors. With more severe acidosis there is an additional non-PGI2-linked CGRP release. Capsazepine represents a novel pharmacological principle for inhibiting the effects of prostanoids on sensory nerves without influencing their formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franco-Cereceda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Källner
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lundberg
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000378:metabolism*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D004008:Diclofenac; D019344:Lactic Acid; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D011464:Epoprostenol; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; C071423:capsazepine; D002211:Capsaicin; D002118:Calcium; D007213:Indomethacin