title: Cellular pharmacology and biological activity of 5-carboranyl-2'-deoxyuridine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intracellular uptake and metabolism of 5-carboranyl-2'-deoxyuridine was investigated in primary human lymphocytes and in a T lymphoblastoid cell line using unlabeled and tritium labeled compound. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of the compound and stability to enzyme degradation was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel method for radiolabeling the 5-carboranyl moiety of pyrimidine nucleosides was developed. Cells were exposed to unlabeled and tritium labeled 5-carboranyl-2'-deoxyuridine and the intracellular uptake and egress of the compound determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. The viability and growth of normal and malignant cells, including human and rat gliomas, in the presence of the compound was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial levels of 5-carboranyl-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate are formed intracellularly and this major metabolite can be detected in cells 48 h after removal of the parent compound from the medium. No significant phosphorylation to the 5'-diphosphate or triphosphate of 5-carboranyl-2'-deoxyuridine was detected. Furthermore, radiolabeled 5-carboranyl-2'-deoxyuridine was not incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid. 5-carboranyl-2'-deoxyuridine was essentially nontoxic to human lymphocytes as well as human or rat glioma cells, and had no marked effect in human lymphocytes acutely infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate for the first time that 5-carboranyl-2'-deoxyuridine is phosphorylated intracellularly and suggest that it should be considered for further studies as a potential sensitizer for boron neutron capture therapy.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Atlanta), Decatur, GA 30033.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Schinazi
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Goudgaon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fulcrand
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: el Kattan
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lesnikowski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ullas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moravek
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Liotta
mesh_terms: D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016754:Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003857:Deoxyuridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; C087057:5-carboranyl-2'-deoxyuridine; D003857:Deoxyuridine