title: Torsion in quadrupeds and its impact on mammalian joints.
abstract: Congenital and acquired torsion occur in the limbs of domestic animals. Congenital abnormalities are of clinical significance in foals; they are also seen in calves whose dams have ingested certain toxic plants that contain teratogenic agents. Acquired torsional deformities are most common in foals, but are also observed in adult horses, dogs, and llamas. Acquired rotational deformities are almost always associated with angular limb deformities. The clinical consequence of torsional deformities is the early development of degenerative joint disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins 80523.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D002161:Camelids, New World; D002417:Cattle; D004285:Dogs; D006736:Horses; D016916:Joint Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000662:veterinary*; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000662:veterinary