title: Freud's early clinical work.
abstract: Freud became a medical practitioner because it was impossible for him to pursue the desired career of a microscopic researcher. His education and training had not prepared him for the task of being a practicing physician. In his private practice he began treating some very intelligent, chaotic, demanding, volatile and disturbed patients. Anna von Lieben was one of these patients whom Freud treated very intensively for a long period of time. Elise Gomperz was another talented and severely pained early patient of Freud. Over a number of years, Freud was her psychiatrist and provided her with attentive care using a variety of treatment methods that were available to him at that time. Emmy von N.'s condition was also fluctuating and very demanding. The dramatic sense and chronic clinical course of these patients is compatible with the contemporary diagnostic category of Borderline Personality Disorder. Freud provided these patients with long-term supportive care while he attempted to cure them. At the same time, Freud committed himself to the theory of radical cure and downplayed the supportive, draining and difficult clinical work that he was doing.
authors.affiliation: St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D005619:Freudian Theory; D006801:Humans; D007046:Hysteria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy