title: Color-flow duplex scanning of carotid arteries: new velocity criteria based on receiver operator characteristic analysis for threshold stenoses used in the symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Duplex scanning has become the standard for noninvasive evaluation of carotid arteries. However, current ultrasound criteria for internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (16% to 49%, 50% to 79%, 80% to 99%) may not be applicable to the categories (30% to 49%, 50% to 69%, 70% to 99%) used in ongoing symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid endarterectomy trials. This study was undertaken to determine new velocity criteria consistent with these categories.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1, 1989 through October 30, 1992, 5871 color-flow duplex scans were obtained in our laboratories. After inadequate arteriograms and patients with a contralateral ICA occlusion were excluded, 770 peak systolic velocity (PSV) and 229 end-diastolic velocity (EDV) measurements were available for comparison with arteriography. ICA PSV and EDV were subjected to receiver operator characteristic curve analysis to determine optimum criteria for identifying stenoses of 30%, 50%, and 70%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 70% to 99% carotid artery stenosis, PSV greater than 130 plus EDV greater than 100 provided the best sensitivity (81%), specificity (98%), positive predictive value (89%), negative predictive value (96%), and overall accuracy (95%). For 50% to 69% stenosis, a PSV greater than 130 and EDV of 100 or less cm/sec proved to be the best combination: sensitivity (92%), specificity (97%), positive predictive value (93%), negative predictive value (99%), and accuracy (97%). Stenoses in the 30% to 49% range were less accurately identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These redefined criteria may prove useful for analyzing duplex ultrasound velocity data in reference to the classification of ICA stenosis used in recent clinical trials of the safety and efficacy of carotid endarterectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62794-9230.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Faught
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: van Bemmelen
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Barkmeier
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sumner
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003116:Color; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data