title: Shear stress influences the release of platelet derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor by arterial smooth muscle cells. Winner of the ESVS prize for best experimental paper 1993.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlation between haemodynamic forces and the release of two mitogens for smooth muscle cells (SMC): Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) and basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine aortic smooth muscle cells were seeded on fibronectin coated polystyrene cylinders and allowed to reach confluence. The cells were subjected to a laminar flow of 50 cc/min (3 dyne/cm2), 100 cc/min (6 dyne/cm2) and 150 cc/min (9 dyne/cm2) in an in vitro system. Control cells were subjected to similar incubation conditions without flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shear stress increased the release of mitogens by SMC. The release of mitogens was proportional to the level of shear stress and was still evident 24 hours after flow cessation. Conditioned serum-free medium from SMC subjected to shear stress increased tritiated thymidine uptake in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts 13-fold as compared to conditioned serum-free medium from control SMC not subjected to shear stress (p < 0.01) and threefold as compared to standard control (p < 0.001). Addition of an excess of anti-PDGF antibody reduced the mitogenic activity of the conditioned medium by 30% (p < 0.01). Addition of an excess of anti-bFGF antibody reduced the mitogenic activity of the conditioned medium by 60% (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing shear stress promotes the release of both PDGF and bFGF from arterial SMC in culture and is a possible explanation for atherosclerosis formation.
authors.affiliation: I Clinica Chirurgica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Sterpetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cucina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fragale
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lepidi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santoro-D'Angelo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D001363:Awards and Prizes; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005060:Europe; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2