title: Effect of thyroid hormones and other iodinated compounds on the transition of monocytes into veiled/dendritic cells: role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumour-necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6.
abstract: Stimulation of human peripheral blood monocytes with the thyroid hormones tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) enhanced their ability to mature into cytologically and functionally characteristic veiled/dendritic cells. Veiled/dendritic cell transition induced by T3 and T4 was dependent on the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the culture, since the addition of antibodies specific for GM-CSF, TNF alpha and IL-6 to the culture system had blocking effects. The addition of antibodies to macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-1 had no effects. Contaminating T cells and B cells did not contribute to the transition of monocytes to veiled/dendritic cells, and it is therefore likely that the GM-CSF, TNF alpha and IL-6 produced in the culture system were derived from the monocytes themselves. Stimulation of the blood monocytes with an optimal concentration of metrizamide (14.5%), reverse T3 (rT3; 2 x 10(-10) M) or highly iodinated thyroglobulin (Tg; 2 x 10(-11) M) also resulted in an increased transition of monocytes to veiled/dendritic cells, but to a lesser extent in comparison with the thyroid hormones (T3, 31 +/- 6% and T4, 25 +/- 5% vs rT3, 22 +/- 8% and Tg with an iodination grade of 0.37%: 20 +/- 4% veiled/dendritic cells). Administration of anti-GM-CSF, anti-TNF alpha and anti-IL-6 to the culture system also had blocking effects on the transition from monocytes to veiled/dendritic cells induced by the iodinated compounds. The mechanisms by which such iodinated compounds act on the monocyte to veiled/dendritic cell transition can only be speculated on (interference H2O2-generating system?).
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mooij
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Haan-Meulman
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Drexhage
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D008793:Metrizamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014285:Triiodothyronine, Reverse / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014285:Triiodothyronine, Reverse; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D013954:Thyroglobulin; D008793:Metrizamide