title: [The anomalous pulmonary venous connection. A study of 24 children by digital subtraction angiography].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) in the demonstration of the morphology of Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connexion (APVC) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of cases series between January 1989 and July 1992.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referral-based Paediatric Cardiology Department of a Tertiary Care Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four consecutive children with anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
  
  
  METHODS
  All pts had clinical and 2D-Echo investigation prior to cardiac catheterization. In all cases selective injections of 0.5 to 1 ml/kg undiluted hypo-osmolar contrast were performed in branch pulmonary arteries and high quality DSA images were recorded. Subtracted images were stored in video and cut films for detailed analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  16 pts had total APVC: 11 to Superior Vena Cava (SVC), 2 to Coronary Sinus and 3 to Inferior Vena Cava (IVC). Eight pts had partial APVC: 3 to SVC, 1 to Right Atrium, 3 to IVC (scimitar syndrome), and 1 pt had mixed PAVC. In 8 pts of the whole group, DSA contributed significantly to the final morphologic diagnosis and completed or corrected information obtained by 2D-Echo. In all 18 pts submitted to surgery, the DSA diagnosis was confirmed at operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DSA is a very useful technique (and even more informative in video images) for anatomic evaluation of pts with APVC and has clear indication when clinical and 2D-Echo findings are not typical.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia Pediátrica, Hospital de Santa Marta, Lisboa.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meireles
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durão
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
vernacular_title: Conexão venosa pulmonar anómala. Estudo de vinte e quatro crianças com angiografia de subtracção digital.