title: A randomized study of low-dose interleukin-2 subcutaneous immunotherapy versus interleukin-2 plus interferon-alpha as first line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  IL-2 given subcutaneously in combination with interferon-alpha 2b (IFN) appears to induce a response rate comparable to that obtained with IL-2 intravenous injection in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but with lower toxicity. The role of IFN when combined with IL-2 has however still to be defined. The present study was performed to draw some preliminary conclusions about the effect of IFN in combination with IL-2 in metastatic RCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 30 consecutive patients with metastatic RCC who were randomized to treatment with IL-2 subcutaneous therapy (3 million IU twice/daily for 5 days/week for 6 weeks) or with IL-2 plus IFN (5 million U/m2 subcutaneously thrice weekly). In patients without progressive disease, a second cycle was repeated after a 28-day rest period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in partial response rate was found between patients treated with IL-2 alone and those given IL-2 plus IFN (5/15 vs 4/15). Similarly, no difference was seen in the percentage of stable disease (7/15 vs 7/15). Toxicity was higher in patients who received IL-2 plus IFN. Lymphocyte and eosinophil mean increase was higher in patients treated with IL-2 alone than in those treated with IL-2 plus IFN, without however any significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results, which require confirmation in a larger series, indicate that combination with IFN does not increase the efficacy of IL-2 subcutaneous immunotherapy in metastatic RCC but only the toxicity of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Radioterapia Oncologica, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza (Milano), Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lissoni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardizzoia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andres
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scardino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardellini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Della Bitta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tancini
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2