title: The spectrum of endocrine dysfunction in active pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Substantial variation in the prevalence (0-55%) of hypoadrenalism in tuberculosis (TB) has been reported. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate adrenal, thyroid and gonadal function in patients presenting with active pulmonary TB.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 50 patients admitted to a single hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty hospitalized adults with newly diagnosed sputum positive pulmonary TB (mean age 38 years, mean body mass index 18 kg/m2, mean albumin 28 g/l) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adrenal reserve was assessed by intravenous tetracosactrin administration with measurement of basal and stimulated cortisol concentrations. Basal ACTH, thyroid and gonadal hormones were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean basal serum cortisol was 625 nmol/l (range 394-1185). Basal plasma ACTH was undetectable (< 4.4 pmol/l) in 32, normal in 17 (mean 11.45, range 4.4-24.9 pmol/l) and elevated in one (54.2 pmol/l) subjects and did not correlate with cortisol. The mean increment in cortisol following tetracosactrin was 256 nmol/l (range 0-650) and was unrelated to basal cortisol or ACTH. All 50 patients had a stimulated plasma cortisol exceeding 550 nmol/l, indicating intact adrenal reserve. Ninety-two per cent of patients had the sick euthyroid syndrome, 72% of males had hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and 4% of patients tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoadrenalism is uncommon in active pulmonary TB despite frequent dysfunction of the thyroid and gonadal axes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Soule
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Willcox
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Levitt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000209:etiology; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013737:Testis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone