title: Glial-derived S100b protein selectively inhibits recombinant beta protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation of neuron-specific protein F1/GAP43.
abstract: Protein F1/GAP43 is neuron-specific, associated with neurite outgrowth during development and a substrate for PKC. This protein is present in high levels in serotonergic neurons which in culture sprout in response to the glial-derived S100b, the beta-beta homodimer. As an initial step in determining whether S100b acts on F1/GAP43 we studied the regulation by S100b of PKC phosphorylation of F1/GAP43. Either the S100b or a mixture of S100a and S100b, both from a brain glial cell source, inhibited in vitro phosphorylation of purified F1/GAP43 by purified PKC in a dose-dependent manner. Using recombinant PKC subtypes, purified S100b preferentially inhibited the F1/GAP43 phosphorylation by the beta subtype. The IC50 of S100b for beta I and beta II PKC was 8 microM while for alpha and gamma PKC it was 64 microM. S100b inhibition was thus subtype-selective. Histone III-S phosphorylation by the four PKC subtypes was not inhibited by S100b. S100b inhibition was thus substrate-selective. Moreover, the effect of S100b on phosphorylation could not be explained by a direct inhibition of kinase activity. Together with earlier studies implicating a role for S100 in synaptic plasticity and neurite outgrowth, the present results suggest that S100b may regulate such functions through its inhibition of neuron-specific PKC substrate (F1/GAP43) phosphorylation. The regulation of this neuron-specific substrate phosphorylation by glial S100 suggests the potential for a novel neuro-glial interaction. Finally, the location of S100 gene on chromosome 21, trisomic in Down's syndrome, and over-expressed in this disorder, as well as in Alzheimer's disease, suggests a link to cognitive impairments in human.
authors.affiliation: Cresap Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Azmitia
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Marshak
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Routtenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human; C579158:S100b protein, rat; D011493:Protein Kinase C