title: Laparoscopic nephrectomy: the Washington University experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience of laparoscopic nephrectomy for benign and malignant disease of the kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since June 25, 1990, 24 patients have undergone laparoscopic removal of the kidney at the Washington University School of Medicine (Barnes Hospital): 20 patients had benign renal disease and four patients had malignant renal disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 24 procedures, 23 were completed successfully using laparoscopic procedures; one operation had to be converted to an open surgical nephrectomy. The mean operative time was 340 min (benign disease) and 438 min (malignant disease). Postoperatively the mean hospital stay was 4 days; return to work or usual activities occurred after 3.4 weeks, and full recovery was achieved after 6.6 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic nephrectomy, albeit time consuming to perform, results in minimal post-operative discomfort, a brief hospital stay and a rapid convalescence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kerbl
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Clayman
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kavoussi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications