title: Phenotypes of stop codon and splice site rhodopsin mutations causing retinitis pigmentosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the pathophysiology of retinitis pigmentosa caused by mutations in the rhodopsin gene that lead to truncation of the protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heterozygotes with the glutamine-64-to-ter (Q64ter), the intron 4 splice site, and the glutamine-344-to-ter (Q344ter) mutations in the rhodopsin gene, representing families with at least three generations of affected members, were studied with clinical examinations and measurements of rod and cone sensitivity across the visual field, rod- and cone-isolated electroretinograms (ERGs), rod dark adaptation, and rhodopsin levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a range of severity of disease expression in each family, some heterozygotes having moderate or severe retinal degeneration and others with a mild phenotype. The mildly affected heterozygotes had normal results on ocular examination but decreased rod sensitivities at most loci across the visual field, abnormalities in rod-isolated ERG a- and b-waves, and reduced rhodopsin levels. Rod dark adaptation followed an approximately normal time course of recovery in patients with the Q64ter mutation. Patients with the splice site or Q344ter mutations both had prolonged recovery of sensitivity, but the time course was different in the two genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is allele specificity for the pattern of retinal dysfunction in the Q64ter, intron 4 splice site, and Q344ter rhodopsin mutations. The pattern of dysfunction in all three mutations suggests the mutant opsins interfere with normal rod cell function, and there is subsequent rod and cone cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Cideciyan
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Macke
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nathans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000503:physiopathology; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D012243:Rhodopsin