title: Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I binds to the ankyrin motifs of inhibitory factor kappa B and induces nuclear translocation of transcription factor NF-kappa B proteins for transcriptional activation.
abstract: Human T-cell leukemia virus type I causes adult T-cell leukemia and tropical spastic paraparesis, and its regulator protein Tax has been implicated in the pathogenic activity of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Tax activates transcription of viral and cellular genes through specific enhancers: the 21-bp enhancer of human T-cell leukemia virus type I, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B)-binding site of the interleukin 2 receptor alpha gene, and the serum-responsive element of c-fos. Tax binds to enhancer-binding proteins including cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, cAMP-responsive element modulator, transcription factor NF-kappa B p50 and p67SRF, and associates with each enhancer DNA indirectly. In addition to this mechanism, we report here that Tax binds to inhibitory factor kappa B gamma (I-kappa B) gamma, which forms a complex with NF-kappa B protein heterodimer p50-p65 or homodimer p50-p50 and retains them in the cytoplasm. Tax binding to I-kappa B gamma induces nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B p65. In association with this nuclear translocation of p65, transcription directed by the kappa B enhancer is strongly activated. Tax binds to the ankyrin motifs of I-kappa B gamma, suggesting its possible interaction with many other proteins carrying ankyrin motifs contributing to various regulatory processes. This is a different mechanism of transcriptional activation by the oncoprotein Tax and seems to be independent from the trans-activation through indirect binding to enhancer DNAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000378:metabolism*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051841:Transcription Factor RelB; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D016356:Gene Products, tax; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C497594:Relb protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051841:Transcription Factor RelB