title: [Acquired experience in anesthesia and perioperative intensive care in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Current approach in the endoscopic treatment of lithiasis and pyelo-ureteral junction anomalies].
abstract: Percutaneous endoscopic treatment of the kidney retains a place in the treatment of renal stones (percutaneous nephrolithotomy--PCNL) and ureteropelvic junction abnormalities (endopyeloplasty). It requires anaesthesia ensuring surgical comfort and safety for the patients despite changes in position and the prolonged ventral supine position. The operation carries certain iatrogenic risks related to caliceal irrigation in patients with more or less documented episodes of infection and carries risks of haemorrhage and effraction of adjacent organs. 282 patients treated by PCNL between 1984 and 1991 were reviewed in order to define the respective indications for general anaesthesia and peridural anaesthesia and to determine the modalities, to evaluate the risk and severity of absorption of irrigation fluid and to assess the risk of infection by defining the indications for prophylactic antibiotics. General anaesthesia, using etomidate and propofol via an infusion pump, ensures surgical comfort, anaesthetic safety and better control of intraoperative complications. The renewed interest in this technique must be counterbalanced by the growing incidence of anaphylactic reactions related to anaesthetic drugs. Operations lasting more than 2 hours, raised intracaliceal pressure, the initially exclusive use of glycine for irrigation induce haemodilution complications, possibly aggravated by glycine intoxication. Repeated surgery is preferable with the use of an Amplatz tube as often as possible and physiological saline, except when required by the operation. Patients with a history of urinary tract infection or infected stones should receive prolonged and effective antibiotics before, during and after the operation. Prophylactic antibiotics are reserved for those patients with no history of infection. These principles equally apply to percutaneous nephrolithotomy and endopyeloplasty.
authors.affiliation: Service Urologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pontchaillou, Rennes.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Artagnan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corbel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Nestour
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conduche
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guille
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cipolla
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Staerman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Labrador
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lobel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D005998:Glycine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005998:Glycine
vernacular_title: Expérience acquise en anesthésie et réanimation péri-opératoire dans la néphrolithotomie percutanée. Attitude actuelle dans le traitement endoscopique de la lithiase et de l'anomalie de la jonction pyélo-urétérale.