title: Serologic response to standard inactivated influenza vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.
abstract: We compared the serologic response of 46 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents and 61 age-matched controls to standard trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (A/Taiwan (H1N1), A/Shanghai (H3N2), B/Yamagata). Children were immunized according to the package insert recommendations before the 1990 to 1991 influenza season. Serum antibody titers to influenza A were determined before and 1 month after each vaccination and compared for study and control subjects. Serologic responses of HIV-infected participants were correlated with absolute CD4 counts and stage of HIV disease. Regardless of age or HIV status, all groups responded with significant increases in antibody to the influenza A strains (range, 2.1-fold to 11.8-fold), with the exception that antibody to H3N2 rose only 1.5-fold (P = 0.058) among HIV-positive subjects > or = 9 years old. Pre- and postimmunization antibody titers were significantly higher for controls than for HIV-positive subjects. There was no correlation between serologic responses and CD4 counts among HIV-infected subjects, but those with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined acquired immunodeficiency syndrome responded significantly less well to vaccine. We conclude that HIV-infected children and adolescents produce significant antibody rises after inactivated influenza A vaccination but that their absolute antibody concentrations are lower than those seen in age-matched controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yogev
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dimichele
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014611:Vaccination; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated