title: In vitro and in vivo studies of antagonistic effects of human growth hormone analogs.
abstract: A bovine growth hormone (bGH) analog, bGH-G119R, has been shown to act as a functional antagonist of GH activity both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, human (h) GH analogs with alterations in the third alpha-helix (G120A, G120R) and N terminus (I4A) were generated. These two regions have been reported to form binding site 2 in hGH, which is involved in in vitro dimerization of the GH receptor (GHR). The biological activities of these hGH analogs were tested in vitro by a radioreceptor assay and an assay to test the ability of the molecules to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of a 93-kDa protein in a human lymphocyte line, IM-9. The growth rate of transgenic mice that express different hGH analogs was used as an in vivo test of the activity of the molecules. The results demonstrated that G120R is a potent hGH antagonist both in vitro and in vivo. Transgenic mice expressing G120R demonstrated a growth-suppressed phenotype. However, I4A, which has been demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of in vitro GHR dimerization, exhibited full growth promoting activity in transgenic mice. Thus, the ability of hGH analogs to induce GHR dimerization in vitro and the ability to promote growth in vivo are not directly correlated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens 45701-2979.
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: N Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kopchick
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007739:L Cells; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone