title: Mitochondrial induction of adult T cell leukemia derived factor (ADF/hTx) after oxidative stresses in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adult T cell leukemia derived factor (ADF) is a human homologue of thioredoxin (hTx), which exhibits scavenging activity with reactive oxygen intermediates. In their previous study, the authors found that after transient retinal ischemia, the expression of thioredoxin in rat retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer increased markedly. The present investigation is to determine intracellular ADF localization in RPE after transient ischemia and in cultured human RPE cells after oxidative insult by H2O2.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors employed immunoelectron microscopy to examine ADF localization in RPE. Labeling density analysis was performed to supplement the main observation in the experiment of transient retinal ischemia. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to verify the protective role of recombinant ADF (rADF) against H2O2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In immunogold electron microscopy, sparse ADF-positive labeling was seen in the cytosol and mitochondria in normal rat RPE and in untreated cultured RPE cells. After oxidative stress, it was concentrated in mitochondria in both groups. MTT assay proved that rADF protected cultured RPE from the toxicity of H2O2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the induction of ADF/hTx in mitochondria of RPE after oxidative stresses and its protective effect on cultured RPE exposed to H2O2. The data indicate the possibly important role of ADF/hTx in the protection of retinal cells from the oxidative stresses associated with retinal ischemic disease and probably with regular visual activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Gauntt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kigasawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masutani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yodoi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000378:metabolism; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C055533:adult T cell leukemia-derived factor; D013879:Thioredoxins