title: [Primary and secondary prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pentamidine aerosol. Effectiveness, side effects and incidence of extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii manifestations].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report on a retrospective study in 544 HIV-positive patients, (42 women, 502 men, mean age 35 years) showing CD4 lymphocyte counts below 200 c/mcl or after their cure of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, who received 300 mg pentamidine aerosol as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia every four week.
  
  
  METHODS
  277 patients were asymptomatic, 120 in the AIDS related complex stage (ARC) and 147 in the full stage of AIDS. The mean follow-up was 14.4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 25 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was observed (3.83/year): in the primary prophylaxis group 18 (3.25%/year), in the secondary prophylaxis group seven (6.8%/year). By introducing the loading dose (one inhalation per day for five consecutive days for patients with CD4 cell counts below 150 c/mcl) we reduced the percentage of early manifestations within the first three months from 61% to 14%. No extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii manifestation was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the efficacy of pentamidine aerosol prophylaxis of primary and secondary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Allgemeines Krankenhaus St. Georg, Interdisziplinäre HIV-Ambulanz Hamburg.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stoehr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plettenberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Stellbrink
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meigel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Begemann
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D010419:Pentamidine
vernacular_title: Primäre und sekundäre Prophylaxe der Pneumocystis-carinii-Pneumonie mit Pentamidin-Aerosol. Wirksamkeit, Nebenwirkungen und Häufigkeit der extrapulmonalen Pneumocystis-carinii-Manifestation.