title: Nimodipine after circulatory arrest: effects on oxygen delivery and consumption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the effects of nimodipine administration during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on oxygen delivery and consumption was the aim of this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized double-blind study in 32 anesthetized domestic pigs was performed. After 5 minutes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and 5 minutes of external CPR, epinephrine (50 micrograms/kg) and either nimodipine or placebo (10 micrograms/kg bolus, 1 microgram/kg/min continuously throughout 4 hours of observation) were administered. One minute later (equal to 11 minutes VF), the first countershock was given. If this failed to restore spontaneous circulation, epinephrine and countershocks were repeated for a maximum of 30 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of 12 nimodipine- and 7 of 14 placebo-treated pigs could be resuscitated successfully and survived the observation period (P < .05). Hemodynamic responses to nimodipine were characterized by significant decreases in systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure from 10 minutes after restoration of spontaneous circulation onwards with consequent significant increases in cardiac output. Median systemic oxygen delivery indices (DO2I) in nimodipine-treated pigs were significantly higher at all measuring points when compared with placebo-treated animals. Median systemic oxygen consumption indices (VO2I) did not differ significantly between groups. Median oxygen extraction ratios in nimodipine-treated pigs were in the same range as prearrest and were lower when compared with placebo-treated pigs (at 30 minutes P < .05 and at 120 minutes P < .01). DO2I and VO2I were poorly correlated in all pigs treated with nimodipine and in 3 of 7 animals treated with placebo, suggesting supply independency in these animals. This difference between groups was significant (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that in nimodipine-treated animals, a lower oxygen deficit or a better redistribution of regional blood flow occurred after circulatory arrest and resuscitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steltzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weindlmayr-Goettel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steinbereithner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D015996:Survival Rate; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D009553:Nimodipine; D004837:Epinephrine