title: GATA elements are necessary for the activity and tissue specificity of the T-cell receptor beta-chain transcriptional enhancer.
abstract: Three high-affinity binding sites for the GATA family of transcriptional regulators have been identified within the T-cell receptor beta-chain (TCR beta) transcriptional enhancer, and their functional significance has been determined in an effort to understand the T-cell specificity of the enhancer more fully. One site, TE4, is important for activity of the enhancer in T cells. Neither site TE1 nor site TE2 can functionally replace a mutated TE4 site in T cells; however, the same protein, probably GATA-3, binds all three sites, as judged by electrophoretic mobility shift, oligonucleotide competition, and proteolytic clipping assays. These data suggest that additional proteins are critical for the ability of GATA-3 to activate the TCR beta enhancer. In fibroblasts, the GATA sequence at site TE1 appears to bind a negative regulator. Since this is not true in B cells, B cells and fibroblasts appear to have different mechanisms for negative regulation of the TCR beta enhancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leiden
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Calame
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D015870:Gene Expression; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494748:Gata3 protein, mouse; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase