title: Osseous free flaps for orbit and midface reconstruction.
abstract: Osseous free flaps were used for reconstruction of the orbit and midface in 10 patients. The reconstruction was done at the time of tumor resection in two patients (20%) and secondarily in eight patients (80%). Nine patients (90%) had previously received radiotherapy. The flaps used were fibula (four), radial forearm (two), scapula (two), and split iliac crest (two). Flap loss occurred in one patient. Complications occurred in 2 of 10 (20%) patients. The results were classified as good in seven patients, fair in two, and poor in one. The patient classified as having a poor result was the one who sustained the flap loss; he refused further surgery. Reconstruction was directed to the maxilla in five patients, the orbit in two, and both in three. The radial forearm flap was best used for orbit-only reconstruction because of the small amount of bone required. The fibula, iliac crest, and scapula were best used for larger defects involving the maxilla. Osseointegrated dental implants were used successfully in three patients. Osseous free flaps are indicated for midface reconstruction when bony support is needed and previous irradiation prevents the use of nonvascularized grafts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schusterman
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Reece
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005360:Fibula; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012540:Scapula; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000379:methods*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome