title: [Pathophysiology of gallstone formation].
abstract: There are two types of gallstones: cholesterol and pigment stones. The pathogenesis is divided into three phases: supersaturation, nucleation and stone growth. Hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol, crystallization promoting and inhibiting factors, gallbladder hypomotility, arachidonyl lecithin, prostaglandins, mucin and calcium play an important role in the formation of gallstones. For the formation of pigment stones a decreased secretion of biliary acids, an increased secretion of unconjugated bilirubin into the bile and an infection of the biliary tract are the most important causative factors.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikums Charité, Medizinische Fakultät, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wermke
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Borges
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000502:physiology; D001654:Bile Pigments / Q000378:metabolism*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009077:Mucins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D001654:Bile Pigments; D009077:Mucins; D002784:Cholesterol; D001663:Bilirubin
vernacular_title: Pathophysiologie der Gallensteinbildung.