title: Effects on recovery when isoflurane is used to supplement propofol-nitrous oxide anesthesia.
abstract: During propofol-nitrous oxide (N2O) anesthesia, volatile anesthetics are frequently administered to treat signs of inadequate anesthesia and to decrease the possibility of intraoperative awareness. Because the clinical effects of this combination have not been examined rigorously, we used data from the 1989-90 Phase IV clinical trial with propofol to evaluate recovery from propofol-N2O anesthesia with and without supplementation with isoflurane. In this study involving 15,806 patients at 1722 institutions, propofol was administered for induction and maintenance of anesthesia with N2O for procedures lasting less than 60 min. At the discretion of the anesthesiologist, volatile anesthetics were administered as needed during maintenance of anesthesia (the incidence of use of inhaled anesthetics was 14.7% for isoflurane, 2.2% for enflurane, and 0.2% for halothane). Other intraoperative medications included opioid analgesics, muscle relaxants, and anticholinergic drugs. The present study concerns the subset of 7796 patients given propofol-N2O maintenance anesthesia (intermittent bolus or continuous infusion) with or without isoflurane supplementation for procedures lasting less than 60 min. Isoflurane was used more frequently for procedures lasting 30-60 min than for those less than 30 min. Nevertheless, the maintenance dose of propofol was significantly (P < 0.05) less with isoflurane (178 vs 235 mg). Adjunctive use of isoflurane prolonged the time to awakening and to becoming oriented, but discharge times were similar for the two groups. The incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting, recall, and excitement did not differ between the two groups. We conclude that the addition of isoflurane to a propofol-N2O anesthetic does not alter recovery from anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8894.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Apfelbaum
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Grasela
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hug
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: McLeskey
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nahrwold
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Roizen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Thisted
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Walawander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D015742:Propofol
chemical_list: D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D015742:Propofol