title: A randomized trial of nortriptyline for severe chronic tinnitus. Effects on depression, disability, and tinnitus symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the antidepressant, nortriptyline, is effective for treatment of depression, tinnitus-related disability, and tinnitus symptoms in patients with severe chronic tinnitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university otolaryngology clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two subjects with severe chronic tinnitus: 38 with current major depression and 54 with depressive symptoms and significant tinnitus-related disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nortriptyline (maintained at 50 to 150 mg/mL for 6 weeks) or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Tinnitus Disability Measures, and Audiometric Measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nortriptyline was superior to placebo by multivariate analysis of covariance for depression (10.6 vs 14.3 final Hamilton Depression score), for tinnitus-related disability (1.8 vs 2.4 final MPI Tinnitus Interference), and tinnitus loudness (13.6 vs 20.0 dB final loudness match [in worst ear at tinnitus frequency]). When major depression and depressive symptoms groups were considered separately, nortriptyline was superior to placebo on these same measures but differences did not achieve statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antidepressant nortriptyline decreases depression, functional disability, and tinnitus loudness associated with severe chronic tinnitus. What appears to be irreversible disability of otologic origin may, in part, be reversible disability of psychiatric origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Katon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dobie
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009661:Nortriptyline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009661:Nortriptyline