title: Inhibition of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase activity by volatile anesthetics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The precise sites and mechanisms of action of volatile anesthetics remain unknown. Recently, several integral membrane proteins have been suggested as potential targets to which anesthetics can bind at hydrophobic regions. Impairment of cell Ca2+ homeostasis has been postulated as one of the possible mechanisms of anesthetic action. To test these hypotheses, the authors selected the human erythrocyte Ca(2+)-ATPase as a model membrane protein. This enzyme is an integral membrane protein that is instrumental in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in the cell in which it is the sole Ca(2+)-transporting system. Thus, any functional alteration of the Ca(2+)-ATPase by anesthetics may lead to serious perturbations in Ca(2+)-regulated processes in the cell.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Ca(2+)-ATPase activity was measured as a function of increased concentration of four volatile anesthetics: halothane, isoflurane, enflurane, and desflurane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four anesthetics significantly inhibited the Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The half-maximal inhibition occurred at anesthetic concentrations from 0.3 to 0.7 vol% at 37 degrees C, which, except for desflurane, is a clinically relevant concentration range. The greater the clinical potency of the volatile anesthetics studied, the less was the concentration required to inhibit the Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. The inhibition was less at 25 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, which is consistent with direct interactions of the nonpolar interfaces of the enzyme with the nonpolar of the portions of the anesthetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' findings indicate that the Ca(2+)-ATPase is a suitable model for investigating the mechanism of action of volatile anesthetics on the integral membrane protein, and that this inhibition may be specific.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-4985.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kosk-Kosicka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roszczynska
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008954:Models, Biological; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D006221:Halothane