title: Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with seizure disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of proton MR spectroscopy to detect metabolic abnormalities in the seizure focus of humans with epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-voxel MR spectroscopy and MR imaging was performed in a group of 13 patients with a variety of seizure disorders and in the temporal lobes of 14 healthy volunteers. Signals from choline, creatine, N-acetyl-L-aspartate, and lactate were quantitated in both the epileptogenic focus and the contralateral brain region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal temporal lobe, concentrations of choline, creatine, and N-acetyl-L-aspartate were 2.0 +/- 0.7, 7.8 +/- 1.9, and 11.0 +/- 2.1 mumol/g wet weight, respectively, with no detectable lactate. In all patients, a reduction in the N-acetyl-L-aspartate signal was observed in the electrically defined (scalp electroencephalogram) seizure focus compared with the mirror-image contralateral side. Lactate was elevated only in patients who had seizures during or immediately before the MR examination. Seven of 13 patients studied had normal MR examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proton spectroscopy demonstrates alterations in N-acetyl-L-aspartate and lactate levels that can be used to locate the epileptogenic focus and may be a useful adjunctive diagnostic technique for the evaluation of patients with seizures who are eligible for resective surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Breiter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline