title: Occupational exposure standards. Historical outline and present state.
abstract: The paper presents the history of hygienic standards setting in various countries, as well as the current situation in this respect. Methodological approaches to hygienic standards setting in the USA and USSR have been analysed and compared. The paper shows also the contribution of international organizations to unification of both the definition and the approach to MAC setting. The authors present systems of MAC setting in such countries as USA (ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA), former USSR, Germany, Scandinavian countries, Hungary and Poland. The paper comprises also classification of substances and carcinogenic agents adopted by IARC as well as the classifications in those countries which publish lists of carcinogens.
authors.affiliation: Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Czerczak
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Indulski
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kowalski
mesh_terms: D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000592:standards*; D016272:Occupational Health; D011044:Poland; D012426:Russia; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; D014481:United States; D014489:United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration