title: Drug trafficking among African-American early adolescents: prevalence, consequences, and associated behaviors and beliefs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drug trafficking by minority youths in low-income, urban areas has received considerable publicity from the mass media in the past half-decade. However, there has been corresponding little exposition of this problem in the medical literature. This review was undertaken to provide an overview of the epidemiology and consequences of drug trafficking among urban youths and to describe factors associated with drug trafficking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Existing data indicate that approximately 10% of male, urban, African-American early adolescents report having engaged in drug trafficking, with a higher percent of youths reporting having been asked to sell drugs and/or indicating that they expect to become involved in drug trafficking. Rates increase with advancing age. Reported rates of drug trafficking are comparable with rates of tobacco and alcohol use among early adolescents and are substantially higher than use rates of illegal drugs. Drug trafficking is associated with increased mortality, accounting for one third to one half of homicide-related deaths in some studies. The practice is also associated with other health-risk behaviors, including nonfatal violence, substance use, and incarceration. Perceived social pressures by family members and/or peers to engage in drug trafficking and the belief that a youth's wage-earning potential is limited to drug trafficking are highly correlated with involvement in this activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug trafficking is a prevalent risk behavior among adolescents that has several negative health consequences.
authors.affiliation: Center for Minority Health Research and the Department of University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galbraith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D004219:District of Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006708:Homicide / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D014504:Urban Health; D014754:Violence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs