title: An evaluation of the shoulder relocation test.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy of the shoulder relocation test in 100 patients who underwent shoulder surgery. Based on operative data and examination under anesthesia, the diagnoses were grouped into six categories: anterior instability (without cuff disease), posterior instability, rotator cuff disease (without associated anterior instability), acromioclavicular disorder, osteoarthrosis, and instability of the biceps tendon. The test was performed on the day of surgery by placing the arm in a position of 90 degrees of humerothoracic abduction and 90 degrees of external rotation (90 degrees/90 degrees). Patient responses of pain and apprehension (considered separately) were assessed in this position both with and without application of an anterior force to the proximal humerus. The relocation test assessed diminution of pain and apprehension after application of a posteriorly directed force to the proximal humerus relative to the position of 90 degrees/90 degrees alone and to the position of an anterior force being applied to the proximal humerus. Overall, 63 patients reported pain with 90 degrees/90 degrees; 74 reported pain when an anterior force to the proximal humerus was applied: the anterior instability group alone had 46 and 63 reports of pain, respectively; the rotator cuff group alone had 82 and 88 reports of pain, respectively. The only positive responses for apprehension were in the anterior instability group, of which 63% had apprehension with 90 degrees/90 degrees alone and 74 had apprehension when an anterior humeral force was applied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Sports Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Speer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hannafin
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Altchek
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012785:Shoulder Joint