title: The use of nonoxynol-9 for protection against cervical gonorrhea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although condoms are the best defense against sexually transmitted disease, little is known about the effectiveness of female-controlled methods containing nonoxynol-9 as backup protection when condoms are not being used.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the extent to which nonoxynol-9 protects women against gonorrhea, a cohort of 303 female sex workers (prostitutes) in Yaounde, Cameroon, were asked to use condoms and suppositories containing nonoxynol-9 at every sexual encounter and to record daily sexual activity and use of condoms and suppositories on coital logs that were reviewed monthly. Evidence of gonorrheal infection was based on a positive gonorrhea culture. Stratified analysis and proportional hazards regression were used to estimate rate ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one women enrolled in the study were excluded from the current analysis. The estimated incidence of gonorrhea was 6.2 infections per 100 person-months of observation. Incidence rate ratios estimated from proportional hazards regression models controlling for condom use showed that using nonoxynol-9 during acts not protected by condoms reduced the risk of infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the protective effect of condoms against sexually transmitted disease is greater than that afforded by nonoxynol-9, using nonoxynol-9 when condoms are not used is a far better strategy in gonorrhea prevention than using no method at all.
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Feldblum
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zekeng
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Roddy
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017280:Condoms; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017137:Nonoxynol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011477:Sex Work; D013488:Suppositories; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D013488:Suppositories; D017137:Nonoxynol