title: Epidural pain management in the postrhizotomy patient.
abstract: The authors report a randomized double-blind prospective study comparing epidural morphine 80 micrograms/kg to epidural morphine 80 micrograms/kg plus butorphanol 40 micrograms/kg in children undergoing rhizotomy. Up to 50% of children receiving epidural morphine alone will experience side effects of nausea, vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention or respiratory depression. The addition of the narcotic agonist-antagonist butorphanol virtually eliminated these side effects without compromising analgesia or causing undue sedation. Parent satisfaction was greater than 90%.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock 72202-3591.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lawhorn
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boop
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andelman
mesh_terms: D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000601:surgery*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D002077:Butorphanol