title: High prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Japan and, in particular, to examine the possibility of emerging fluoroquinolone resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in 1992 were tested for susceptibility to 15 antibiotics including fluoroquinolones and were seroclassified. Twenty-seven strains isolated from 1981 to 1984 were also evaluated as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MIC90 values of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against the isolates from 1992 were 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 microgram/ml, respectively. The MIC90 values of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against the isolates from 1981-84 (controls) were 0.25, 0.125, and 0.063 microgram/ml, respectively. These results indicate that the MIC90 values of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against the strains from 1992 were 8-fold higher than those against the strains from 1981-84. However, there were no significant differences in susceptibility to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, and spectinomycin between the isolates from 1992 and those from 1981-84. The majority of the isolates belonged to the WII/WIII serogroup. There was no relationship between fluoroquinolone resistance and serogroup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoroquinolones have been used frequently as first-line therapy and have provided excellent clinical efficacy for gonococcal infections for the last several years in Japan. However, our data indicate that a rapid decrease in the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to fluoroquinolones is occurring in our country.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012703:Serotyping; D014526:Urethritis / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D009643:Norfloxacin