title: ApoA-IV phenotype affects diet-induced plasma LDL cholesterol lowering.
abstract: The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommends that dietary total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake be reduced to < or = 30% of calories, < 10% of calories, and < 300 mg/d, respectively (step 1 diet), in the general population to reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and heart disease risk. We examined the LDL-C-lowering response to such a diet (26% fat, 8% saturated fat, and 201 mg/d cholesterol) compared with an average American diet (39% fat, 15% saturated fat, and 435 mg cholesterol/d) in 153 subjects using diet periods of 4 through 24 weeks for each diet phase. The mean LDL-C reduction was 13% in men (n = 93) and 7% in postmenopausal women (n = 60). The effect of apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV phenotype on responsiveness was examined. LDL-C lowering in men was significantly (P < .005) less (7%) for 17 apoA-IV (1/2) subjects than for 76 apoA-IV (1/1) subjects (16%). In women, 7% lowering was observed in both 12 apoA-IV (1/2) subjects and 48 apoA-IV (1/1) subjects. ApoA-IV phenotype had a significant effect on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels during both dietary periods; women carrying the apoA-IV-2 allele had higher levels than those homozygous for the apoA-IV-1 allele. The opposite was true for triglyceride levels, but only during the period when the subjects consumed the high-fat, high-cholesterol diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopez-Miranda
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clevidence
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000235:genetics*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; C022205:apolipoprotein A-IV