Hypercalcemia of malignancy: the central role of parathyroid hormone-related protein.
Hypercalcemia is the most common metabolic complication of cancer. Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia (MAHC) can be divided into two syndromes, humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) and local osteolytic hypercalcemia (LOH), based on whether a circulating hormone or local paracrine factors mediate accelerated bone resorption. Over the past decade, studies have shown that parathyroid hormone-related protein is the cause of the HHM syndrome, and recent data suggest that this protein may also play a paracrine role in some patients with local osteolytic hypercalcemia. Study of the regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein gene expression is beginning to shed some light on the molecular mechanisms responsible for this common clinical problem.
Wysolmerski
J J
JJ
Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
Broadus
A E
AE
D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C470121:PTHLH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins