title: The cooperative effects of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma are determining factors in the ability of IL-10 to protect mice from lethal endotoxemia.
abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that interleukin-10 (IL-10) has the capacity to protect mice from the lethal effects of endotoxin. In this investigation, we have examined the ability of IL-10 to protect both normal mice and Corynebacterium parvum-primed mice against endotoxin lethality. In the overwhelming majority of experiments, recombinant murine IL-10 (rMuIL-10) and recombinant human IL-10 (rHuIL-10) did not protect normal BALB/cJ mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethality at doses up to 10 micrograms/mouse. Despite their inability to protect, both IL-10 preparations were highly effective in preventing the increase in serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) that occurred in response to the lethal dose of LPS. Moreover, a neutralizing antibody against TNF-alpha gave only partial protection when administered alone to BALB/cJ mice. Treatment with a combination of neutralizing antibodies against TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) resulted in complete protection. In contrast to BALB/cJ mice, normal BDF1 mice were protected from lethal endotoxemia by treatment with both rMuIL-10 and rHuIL-10. However, IL-10 did not protect C. parvum-primed BDF1 against LPS lethality even though it caused a reduction in the LPS-induced serum TNF-alpha response in C. parvum-primed mice as well as in normal BDF1 mice. Neutralizing antibodies against TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were protective when administered alone to normal BDF1 mice, as previously demonstrated in C. parvum-primed mice. These findings suggest that lethal endotoxemia is a result of the cooperative activities of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in normal mice of the BALB/cJ and BDF1 strains as well as in C. parvum-primed BDF1 mice. IL-10 appears to be less effective in protecting mice from lethal endotoxemia when cooperation between IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha is facilitated by high-level production of the cytokines as in C. parvum-primed mice or when there is evidence of strong synergy between them as in normal BALB/cJ mice.
authors.affiliation: Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033-0539.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terminelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kenworthy-Bott
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calzetta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Donkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma