title: Erythrocyte folate levels, oral contraceptive use and abnormal cervical cytology.
abstract: The initial hypothesis of this study was that folate depletion is a risk factor for human papillomavirus infection and cervical epithelial cell abnormalities, including dysplasia. The prevalences of low erythrocyte folate levels (defined as < 140 ng/mL erythrocytes and determined by the growth of Lactobacillus) were measured in 250 University of California at Los Angeles students. Among oral contraceptive users, low erythrocyte folate was a risk factor for an abnormal cytologic smear in both benign atypia and squamous intraepithelial lesions. Odds ratios were statistically significant for biopsied women who did not have condyloma and for those who did not have squamous intraepithelial lesions but not for those with histologically confirmed intraepithelial lesions. Low erythrocyte folate was a risk factor for a positive Virapap result in oral contraceptive users. If the folate effects are causal, the findings suggest that erythrocyte folate levels should be higher in oral contraceptive users than in nonusers to protect against an abnormal cytologic smear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1772.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wiesmeier
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Swendseid
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Haile
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D005492:Folic Acid