title: Plasma protein levels in normal human fetuses: 13 to 41 weeks' gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish reference ranges for the levels of alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, prealbumin (transthyretin) alpha-1-antitrypsin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin and total protein in the plasma of normal human fetuses and newborn babies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of individual normal cases to fulfil objectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathology laboratories of the University of Edinburgh and the biochemistry laboratories of the University of Keele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two normal fetuses 13 to 22 weeks of gestation and 66 babies born between 24 and 41 weeks gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Albumin is the predominant plasma protein throughout gestation. The levels of alpha-fetoprotein and prealbumin fell significantly with increasing gestation, whereas the concentrations of the other proteins studied increased. The ratios of individual proteins to total protein demonstrated similar trends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides developmental profiles of normal human fetal plasma proteins to serve as possible reference data for abnormal fetuses. Declining levels of prealbumin (transthyretin) were unexpected and suggest a functional role for this protein in early pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke on Trent, UK.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strange
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins