title: Humane destruction of horses with a mixture of quinalbarbitone and cinchocaine.
abstract: One hundred and-two horses requiring to be euthanased for a variety of reasons were killed by the intravenous injection of a mixture of quinalbarbitone sodium (400 mg/ml) and cinchocaine hydrochloride (25 mg/ml). The dose rates used were 1 ml/10, 15, 20 and 30 kg bodyweight, and the time of injection was varied between 5 and 25 seconds. The average time to collapse from the start of the injection was 34 seconds and the average time to clinical death was 230 seconds. Slow injection (particularly of the low dose rates) and premedication with detomidine resulted in a longer time to collapse (median 46 seconds). Premedication with xylazine and low dose rates of the mixture resulted in an unacceptable degree of muscular activity and agonal gasping and death was delayed. Premedication with romifidine and butorphanol resulted in an apparent (but insignificant) reduction in the time to collapse and death but was also accompanied by significant agonal gasping. Without premedication quinalbarbitone and cinchocaine resulted in a smooth and quiet collapse with the cessation of cardiac and respiratory functions within three minutes in all cases, but the palpebral reflex of the horses was prolonged significantly beyond the time when all other reflex activity was lost. Occasional gasping and muscular tremors, particularly of the upper forelimb, occurred particularly when lower dose rates and either very slow or very fast rates of injection were used. One horse which was premedicated with xylazine and received a very low dose at a slow rate showed unacceptably violent muscular activity. At no other time was the procedure regarded as violent or unacceptable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Division of Equine Studies, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Knottenbelt
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Brazil
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Proudman
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D003992:Dibucaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005065:Euthanasia / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011292:Premedication; D012631:Secobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D012631:Secobarbital; D014991:Xylazine; D003992:Dibucaine