title: Effects of various laser types and beam transmission methods on female organ tissue in the pig: an in vitro study.
abstract: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate and compare effects of various laser types (CO2, Argon, Erbium:YAG, Erbium:YSGG, and Holmium:YAG) and laser beam transmission methods (optical lens and flexible fiber) on ovarian and uterine tissue of the pig. The Erbium laser radiation was transmitted through Zirconium fluoride fibers (ZrF4). To circumvent the low mechanical stability of these fibers, we developed a special microlens system, which refocuses the radiation and protects the distal end from damage. Tissue lesions were performed with 1 and 5 joule. Histologic analysis of acute Er:YAG laser lesions reveal precise cutting effects with a minimal thermal damage zone of 40 microns and a high damage resistance of the fiber microlens systems. The extent of thermal damage caused by the Erbium:YSGG and CO2 laser is about two times larger, whereas the Argon and Holmium laser tissue lesions show a damage of the surrounding tissue of 200-300 microns. This study suggests that for precise cutting and coagulation, Erbium and Holmium lasers transmitted via our modified fiber tip may render the use of these lasers possible in a wide range of laparoscopic surgery applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spörri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frenz
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Altermatt
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Bratschi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forrer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dreher
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053685:Laser Therapy; D007834:Lasers; D010053:Ovary / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013552:Swine; D014599:Uterus / Q000528:radiation effects*