title: Differential signal transduction pathways in cat lower esophageal sphincter tone and response to ACh.
abstract: Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) basal tone and contraction in response to maximally effective doses (Emax) of acetylcholine (ACh) may be mediated by different intracellular transduction pathways. In the basal state resting tone, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] formation and levels of diacylglycerol (DAG) (C. Hillemeier, K. N. Bitar, and P. Biancani, unpublished data) are higher in LES circular muscle than in esophageal muscle, which does not maintain tone. In vitro resting tone and spontaneously elevated formation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 in LES circular muscle strips decrease in a dose-dependent manner in response to the phospholipase C antagonist 1-[6-([(17-beta)-3-methoxyestra-1,3, 5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino)hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U-73122). Basal Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation, however, is submaximal, since it can be increased by cholinergic stimulation. These data suggest that LES tone is associated with partial activation of phospholipase C. We therefore tested submaximal doses of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and DAG in permeabilized LES muscle cells and found that they act synergistically; their interaction depends on calcium release and is mediated through a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway. In contrast, we have previously shown that contraction induced by Emax of ACh is mediated through calmodulin-dependent mechanisms (14). To investigate these differences, we tested high and low doses of ACh. Contraction induced by high doses of ACh was inhibited by calmodulin but not by PKC antagonists, as previously reported, but low ACh doses were preferentially inhibited by PKC antagonists. Similarly, low Ins(1,4,5)P3 concentrations activated a PKC-dependent pathway, whereas contraction induced by Emax of Ins(1,4,5)P3 was calmodulin dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Rhode Island Hospital, Providence.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biancani
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Harnett
authors.forename: U D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Rhim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Behar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hillemeier
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Bitar
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002147:Calmodulin; D004075:Diglycerides; D004963:Estrenes; D007546:Isoquinolines; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C052087:CGS 9343B; C060229:1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D000109:Acetylcholine