title: Four-week safety and efficacy study of dorzolamide, a novel, active topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the activity and local and systemic safety of the topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, dorzolamide hydrochloride.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four-week, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel, three-center study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referral centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients with bilateral open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension and intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 22 mm Hg entered the study. Two of 28 patients receiving dorzolamide and two of 20 patients receiving placebo were withdrawn due to adverse experiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dorzolamide (2%) or placebo to each eye three times daily for 4 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diurnal IOP curves; ophthalmologic evaluations including corneal ultrasound pachymetry and endothelial cell count; and systemic evaluations including vital signs, blood chemistries, complete blood cell counts, urinalysis, electrocardiogram, and drug and carbonic anhydrase activity levels in red blood cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean IOP at morning trough (8 AM) decreased from 27.1 mm Hg at baseline to 23.5 mm Hg on day 29 with dorzolamide (-13.3%) compared with a decrease from 27.1 mm Hg to 26.4 mm Hg with placebo (-2.3%). Peak activity occurred 2 hours after administration, with IOP decreasing from 26.8 mm Hg at baseline to 21.8 mm Hg on day 29 with dorzolamide (-18.4%) vs 26.1 mm Hg to 25.5 (-2.4%) with placebo. Mean corneal thickness was slightly increased for the dorzolamide-treated group compared with the placebo-treated group (0.009 mm vs 0.001 mm, respectively, P < .05) and changes in endothelial cell counts were similar (-24 cells/mm2 vs -27 cells/mm2, respectively, P > .25). Mean carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme II activity in red blood cells decreased to 21% of baseline in dorzolamide-treated patients. There were no clinically significant differences in ocular or laboratory parameters between the dorzolamide and placebo groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dorzolamide demonstrated significant IOP lowering activity over 4 weeks. It was well tolerated and there were no clinically significant changes in ocular or systemic safety parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilkerson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cyrlin
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lippa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deasy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panebianco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yablonski
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000097:blood; D002452:Cell Count; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012449:Safety; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; C062765:dorzolamide; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases