title: Effects of a combined drug regimen on tumour necrosis factor and plasma kallikrein activity in experimental endotoxaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the relationship between changes in haemodynamics, liberation of tumour necrosis factor and generation of plasma kallikrein, and to see if treatment with a combination of drugs was successful in preventing activation of tumour necrosis factor and plasma kallikrein in experimental endotoxic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  22 juvenile pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 animals received 0.01 mg/kg endotoxin infusion, the rest being given the same volume of saline. 10 received no treatment, and 5 were given a combination of methylprednisolone, naloxone, ketanserin, promethazine, C1 esterase inhibitor, antithrombin III and aprotinin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of the liberation of tumour necrosis factor, generation of plasma kallikrein, and haemodynamic and cellular effects of endotoxaemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a linear statistical relationship between decreases in cardiac output and increases in packed cell volume, and between increases in packed cell volume and plasma kallikrein activity. The combination treatment totally blocked all the effects of the infusion of endotoxin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endotoxin affects several mediators, but combination treatment can prevent some of these effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ullevål Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naess
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waage
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Roeise
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Stadaas
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Aasen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007650:Ketanserin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011398:Promethazine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009270:Naloxone; D007650:Ketanserin; D007610:Kallikreins; D011398:Promethazine; D008775:Methylprednisolone