title: Pharmacokinetics in rats, dogs and monkeys of a gadolinium chelate used as a liver-specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: The introduction of the lipophilic moiety, ethoxybenzyl, into the gadolinium chelate dimeglumine gadopentetate (Gd-DTPA, Magnevist, CAS 86050-77-3) yielded (4S) 4-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-3,6,9-tris (carboxylatomethyl)-3,6,9-triazaundecandioic acid, gadolinium complex, disodium salt (Gd-EOB-DTPA), a compound with a potential as a magnetic resonance contrast agent for liver mass screening. Both in the rat and in the dog the pharmacokinetics of Gd-EOB-DTPA were nonlinear in the dose range of 0.05-0.5 mmol/kg (rat) and 0.03-0.25 mmol/kg (dog) since after correction for the difference in dose the plasma concentration-time profiles were not superimposable and the amounts excreted renally and fecally differed significantly (p < 0.05). Extrarenal elimination played an important role since fecal elimination (% of dose) was 73.4 +/- 5.6 in rats (0.05 mmol/kg), 70.1 +/- 4.0 in dogs (0.03 mmol/kg) and 32.1 +/- 6.4 in monkeys (0.25 mmol/kg). However, in all species investigated, the values of renal clearance (Clr) were independent of dose and close to the value of the glomerular filtration rate (Clr in ml/min.kg: 10.4 +/- 3.5 in rats; 3.88 +/- 0.8 in dogs; 1.01 +/- 0.3 in monkeys). Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of Gd-EOB-DTPA can best be described by a capacity-limited transport process via the biliary route of elimination thus strongly resembling the pharmacokinetics of some biliary X-ray contrast media (iotroxic, iodipamic or idoxamic acid) or the synthetic dyes (indocyanine green). However, contrary to the latter agents the plasma binding (%) of Gd-EOB-DTPA was low in all species (10.3 +/- 1.4 in rats: 10.0 +/- 1.3 in dogs; 17.5 +/- 1.0 in monkeys).
authors.affiliation: Schering Aktiengesellschaft, Contrast Media Research, Berlin, Fed. Rep. of Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schuhmann-Giampieri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frenzel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmitt-Willich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA