title: Psychological functioning of children with craniofacial anomalies and their mothers: follow-up from late infancy to school entry.
abstract: Twenty-three mothers and their 5- to 7-year-old children with craniofacial anomalies (CFA) who were assessed during the child's infancy were followed. Three types of CFA were included: cleft lip and palate (CLP), isolated cleft palate (CP), and sagittal synostosis. Measures of child status focused on behavior-problem frequency and self-concept. Mothers completed self-report measures of emotional well-being, marital satisfaction, and social support. Results indicated that (1) a sizable minority (18%) of the children with CFA had clinically significant behavior-problem scores shown in concordant reports by parent and teacher of behavior problems; (2) individual differences in child functioning within the CFA group were predicted by observational measures of earlier mother-infant interaction during play and teaching situations; (3) mothers of children with CLP reported less favorable social support than mothers of children with CP or sagittal synostosis.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Speltz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Goodell
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clarren
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012649:Self Concept; D012744:Sex Ratio; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012944:Social Support