title: A simple and inexpensive device for freeze substitution at 183 K/-90 C.
abstract: The freeze substitution device described here consists of commonly available materials, is easy to construct and to handle and provides maximal working safety. An adequate mass of copper and/or brass, serving as holder for 16 cryovials, is chilled to liquid nitrogen temperature. The vial holder is placed in a precooled thermos flask filled with ethanol and stored in an ultrafreezer at 193 K/-90 C. This ensures that the vial holder maintains temperatures of about 183 K/-90 C for more than 12 hr to minimize the risk of ice recrystallization.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glaser
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005615:Freezing; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011058:Pollen / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013696:Temperature