title: Effect of parental factors on social skills of preschool children with craniofacial anomalies.
abstract: This study investigated the parenting stress and style and the social networks of parents with preschool children with and without craniofacial anomalies (CFA), and the effect of these factors on the child's level of social skill. Fifty-two families participated in the study. No differences were found between the CFA and control groups on level of parenting stress, parenting style, or social network characteristics. However, parents with children with visible defects found their social support networks more helpful, and advocated a more nurturing parenting style. For the CFA group, parenting stress predicted child level of social skill. These results underscore the importance of investigating the interaction between parent and child factors.
authors.affiliation: Craniofacial Center, University of Illinois at Chicago 60680.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Krueckeberg
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kapp-Simon
mesh_terms: D002668:Child Rearing; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000523:psychology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000523:psychology*; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000523:psychology*; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000523:psychology*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires