title: Caudal epidural blocks for elderly patients with lumbar canal stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of caudal epidural blocks (CEB) in relieving pain and the duration of pain relief with CEB in elderly patients suffering from degenerative lumbar canal stenosis (LCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a descriptive, prospective study with a 10-month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients, 76 +/- 6.7 years of age, with leg discomfort with or without back pain and with LCS documented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 1 year of the study, were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Cleveland Clinic Florida. None of the subjects had received CEB or surgery for their leg discomfort and none had relief of pain by analgesics alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects received a total of three doses of 0.5% Xylocaine with 80 mg Depo-Medrol into the caudal epidural space through the sacral hiatus at weekly intervals. The Roland 5-point pain rating scale was utilized before and at 2-month intervals up to 10 months after the CEB was administered. MRI was used to identify the degree of LCS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degree of LCS on admission was moderate in 66.7% (n = 20) of the patients, mild in 23.3% (n = 7), and severe in the remaining 10% (n = 3). Patients had LCS involving 2.4 +/- 0.49 lumbar vertebrae. The degree of LCS is directly correlated with the pain level before CEB. After CEB, the pain level changed from 3.43 +/- 0.82 to 1.5 +/- 0.86 (P < 0.0000), with a significant relief of pain up to 10 months (the end of observation). The duration of pain relief ranged from 4 to 10 months (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEB offers significant pain relief and appears to be a reasonable therapeutic option among elderly patients with LCS. This alternative seems particularly important among patients with poor response to drug therapy and who are either poor surgical risks or who have refused surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Fort Lauderdale 33309-1743.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ciocon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galindo-Ciocon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amaranath
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galindo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077555:Methylprednisolone Acetate; D009407:Nerve Block; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000077555:Methylprednisolone Acetate; D008012:Lidocaine; D008775:Methylprednisolone