title: The aggregation properties of some bradykinin analogs.
abstract: Bradykinin (BK) is a peptide hormone with sequence Arg1-Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5-Ser6-Pro7-Phe8-Arg9 and has been implicated in a multitude of pathophysiological processes such as the ability to lower systemic blood pressure and stimulate pain. Bulky, beta-branched D-aliphatic residues at position 7 combined with bulky L-aliphatic residues at position 8 have now been observed to yield strong antagonists. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies have been carried out on many of these molecules with a view to determining their solution conformations. However, two such analogs, namely DArg-[Hyp3, Thi5, DSer6, DCpg7, Cpg8]-BK [I] and DArg-[Hyp3, DSer6, DCpg7, Cpg8]-BK [II] (Cpg = alpha-cyclopentyl-glycine; Hyp = 4-hydroxy-L-proline, Thi = beta-(2-thienyl)-L-alanine), have exhibited an abnormal, non-linear temperature dependence for the amide NH proton of Cpg8. The NH of Arg9 also shows a slightly non-linear temperature dependence at higher temperatures above 25 degrees C. In addition, a very slow exchange rate for the NH protons of DCpg7, Cpg8 and Arg9 indicated aggregation of these two analogs, which was confirmed using the circular dichroism experiments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gera
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kotovych
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003903:Deuterium; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D003903:Deuterium; D001920:Bradykinin