title: Biochemical profile of African American women during three trimesters of pregnancy and at delivery.
abstract: The data presented are the results from a prospective observational study which was conducted to investigate the effects of nutrition and other related factors on the outcome of pregnancy in nulliparous African American women 16-35 years old. Fasting blood samples were collected from the women during the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. At delivery, both maternal and cord samples were collected. Biochemical variables such as, serum folate, vitamin B12, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, ferritin, selected minerals as well as complete blood count (CBC) and red cell folate were analyzed in the blood samples. The concentrations of hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells, red blood cells and vitamin B12 were below the reference non-pregnant ranges throughout gestation. Maternal concentrations of folate and vitamin E increased sequentially with increased gestational age. Serum ferritin, during the third trimester, declined to 58% of the first trimester concentration. Maternal levels of ferritin at delivery were one third of the values found in the infant (cord) sample. Cord levels of folate, ascorbic acid and vitamin B12 were higher than the concentrations in the maternal delivery samples. The data suggest that among this group of pregnant women, major physiological changes, such as plasma volume expansion which alters blood chemistry and maternal to fetal transfer of nutrients, were similar to the findings of other investigators. In this population however, the findings for serum and whole blood folate are contrary to those reported by other researchers, and the sequential increase in the maternal concentration of the vitamin during pregnancy could be attributed to the use of vitamin supplements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Spurlock
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: U J
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Oyemade
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laryea
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D044383:Black People; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D004219:District of Columbia; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000032:analysis; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000097:blood*; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000208:ethnology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014505:Urban Population; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014815:Vitamins; D007854:Lead; D005293:Ferritins; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium