Relationship between lipid peroxidation, fatty acid composition, and ascorbic acid in the liver during carbohydrate and caloric restriction in mice.
Growing OF1 mice were treated on a short-term basis with ad libitum, caloric-restricted, or carbohydrate-restricted diets, maintaining the same intake of vitamins and minerals in the three groups. Caloric intake was 60% of controls both in the caloric-restricted and in the carbohydrate-restricted groups. Neither global nor carbohydrate restriction changed liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, cytochrome oxidase, GSH, uric acid, or malondialdehyde (HPLC). Ascorbate was decreased in both restricted groups. Carbohydrate restriction, but not caloric restriction, increased unsaturation indexes of fatty acids in all lipid classes analyzed and increased sensitivity to peroxidation by one order of magnitude. It is concluded that short-term caloric restriction does not seem to increase antioxidants and decrease peroxidation in the mouse liver whereas long-term restriction can avoid decreases of antioxidants and increases of peroxidation during aging. Our experiments support the prevailing view that the caloric restriction phenomenon is due to a reduction in calories themselves instead of to a reduction in carbohydrates. This last manipulation strongly increases sensitivity to peroxidative damage in the liver. The results show that in vivo fatty acid unsaturation is a main factor in determining the sensitivity to lipid peroxidation.
Rojas
C
C
Department of Animal Biology-II (Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Cadenas
S
S
Pérez-Campo
R
R
López-Torres
M
M
Pamplona
R
R
Prat
J
J
Barja
G
G
D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D012016:Reference Values; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014527:Uric Acid; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide