title: Geographical and ethnic variability of finger ridge-counts: biplots of male and female Indian samples.
abstract: The graphical technique of biplot due to Gabriel and others is explained, and is applied to ten finger ridge-count means of 239 populations, mostly Indian. The biplots, together with concentration ellipses based on them, are used to study geographical, gender and ethnic/social group variability, to compare Indian populations with other populations and to study relations between individual counts and populations. The correlation structure of ridge-counts exhibits a tripartite division of digits demonstrated by many other studies, but with a somewhat different combination of digits. Comparisons are also made with the results of Leguebe and Vrydagh, who used principal components, discriminant functions, Andrews functions, etc., to study geographical and gender variations. There is a great deal of homogeneity in Indian populations when compared to populations from the rest of the world. Although broad geographical contiguity is reflected in the biplots, local (states within India) level contiguity is not maintained. Monogoloids and Caucasoids have distinct ridge-count structures. The higher level of homogeneity in females and on the left side observed by Leguebe and Vrydagh is also observed in the biplots. A comparison with principal component plots indicates that biplots yield a graphical representation similar to component plots, and convey more information than component plots.
authors.affiliation: Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D003878:Dermatoglyphics; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D044469:Racial Groups; D012737:Sex Factors