title: Recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phase III rhIL-1ra Sepsis Syndrome Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To further define the safety and efficacy of recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) in the treatment of sepsis syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, multinational clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 893 patients with sepsis syndrome received an intravenous loading dose of rhIL-1ra, 100 mg, or placebo followed by a continuous 72-hour intravenous infusion of rhIL-1ra (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg per hour) or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight-day all-cause mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was not a significant increase in survival time for rhIL-1ra treatment compared with placebo among all patients who received the study medication (n = 893; generalized Wilcoxon statistic, P = .22) or among patients with shock at study entry (n = 713; generalized Wilcoxon statistic, P = .23), the two primary efficacy analyses specified a priori for this trial. Results from secondary analyses suggest an increase in survival time with rhIL-1ra treatment among patients with dysfunction of one or more organs (n = 563; linear dose-response, P = .009). Retrospective analysis demonstrated an increase in survival time with rhIL-1ra treatment among patients with a predicted risk of mortality of 24% or greater (n = 580; linear dose-response, P = .005) as well as among patients with both dysfunction of one or more organs and a predicted risk of mortality of 24% or greater (n = 411; linear dose-response, P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was not a statistically significant increase in survival time for rhIL-1ra treatment compared with placebo among all patients who received the study medication or among patients with shock at study entry. Secondary and retrospective analyses of efficacy suggest that treatment with rhIL-1ra results in a dose-related increase in survival time among patients with sepsis who have organ dysfunction and/or a predicted risk of mortality of 24% or greater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dhainaut
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Opal
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pribble
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Balk
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Slotman
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Iberti
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rackow
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Greenman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000917:Antibody Formation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins