title: Professional nursing education in the future: changes and challenges.
abstract: Trends in health care suggest changes in nursing practice and implications for nursing education. Changing demographics, emphasis on health promotion, health care costs, movement toward community-based care, and expanding technology are factors that shape the health care system of the future and educational preparation of nurses. This article examines these trends and implications for nursing education. Faculty are faced with preparing students for future practice that will be more complex and specialized than it now is; will be provided in multiple settings; and will require extensive knowledge, critical thinking and other cognitive skills, technologic and psychomotor skills, and a value system for making ethical decisions. Other outcomes of nursing education program include learning to learn, handling ambiguity, thinking like a professional, and accepting responsibility for decisions made in practice. For nursing to assume a central role in the health care system of tomorrow, reform in nursing education is needed today.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Oermann
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000145:classification / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005544:Forecasting; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000639:trends; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science / Q000639:trends; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D011158:Population Growth; D014481:United States