title: Glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition improves gut mucosa integrity and function in endotoxemic rats.
abstract: The effects of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on protein metabolism, small intestinal mucosal metabolism, morphology, and barrier function were studied in endotoxin-treated rats. Forty-six male Wistar rats were randomized to two groups of 23 animals each and received total parenteral nutrition solutions supplemented with either glutamine (GLN group) or glycine (GLY group) at 2% wt/vol. Endotoxemia was induced by continuous intravenous infusion of endotoxin at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day throughout the 4-day study period. The GLN group had a less-negative cumulative nitrogen balance (-14.0 +/- 132.8 mg of nitrogen in the GLN group and -86.8 +/- 161.7 mg of nitrogen in the GLY group, p < .05) and less cumulative excretion of urinary 3-methylhistidine (2910 +/- 593 nmol) than the GLY group (4447 +/- 933 nmol, p < .01). Jejunal mucosal glutaminase activity and the arterio-portal venous blood glutamine concentration differences were significantly higher in the GLN group compared with the GLY group (15.6 +/- 2.3 vs 11.1 +/- 1.9 mumol/g per minute, p < .05, and 181 +/- 52 vs 147 +/- 36 nmol/mL, p < .05, respectively). The morphology of the jejunal mucosa in the GLN group was significant for having greater mucosal weight (23.4 +/- 3.1 vs 17.6 +/- 2.5 mg/cm), villus height (445 +/- 75 vs 357 +/- 57 microns), crypt depth (197 +/- 34 vs 161 +/- 28 microns), and wall thickness (751 +/- 77 vs 648 +/- 102 microns) than the GLY group (p < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Torigoe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D005972:Glutaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D005973:Glutamine; D005972:Glutaminase; D009584:Nitrogen; D005998:Glycine