title: Cognitive correlates of ventricular enlargement and cerebral white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. The Rotterdam Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ventricular enlargement and white matter lesions are frequent findings on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging scans of elderly subjects. In demented subjects they seem related to the severity of the dementia, but in nondemented subjects their clinical significance is less clear. We investigated the relation of size of the lateral ventricles and white matter lesions with cognitive function in a population-based random sample of nondemented elderly persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 90 subjects, aged 65 to 84 years, who were randomly selected from the cohort of the Rotterdam Study, and who were not demented. The presence of white matter lesions and the ventricle-to-brain ratio were assessed on magnetic resonance scans. Participants were tested with a neuropsychological battery that covered a broad range of cognitive functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ventricular enlargement and white matter lesions were both and independently associated with poorer performance on all tests. After adjustment for age and sex, ventricular enlargement was significantly associated with worse scores on tests assessing global cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination, P = .02; Groninger Intelligence Test, P = .01), memory (Word List Learning delayed recall, P = .03), and executive control functions (Stroop part II, P = .02; Trial Making Test B, P < .01); for white matter lesions the differences were significant for tests measuring executive control functions and mental speed (Trail Making Test A and B, P = .01 and P < .01, respectively; verbal fluency, P = .01), and memory (Word List Learning delayed recall, P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that white matter lesions are primarily related to impairment of subcorticofrontal functions, whereas enlargement of the lateral ventricles is associated with disturbances of cortical functions as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van Swieten
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Claus
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Gijn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Harskamp
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009426:Netherlands; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies