title: Self-referral in private offices for imaging studies performed in Pennsylvania Blue Shield subscribers during 1991.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the frequency of physician self-referral for diagnostic imaging studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-volume radiographic (n = 65) and ultrasound (US) (n = 29) procedural codes in claims filed by Pennsylvania Blue Shield subscribers were analyzed to determine private-office (nonhospital) utilization of these examinations by radiologists and nonradiologists during 1991. A total of 787,703 radiographic and 159,281 US claims were filed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonradiologists self-referred 550,878 radiographic examinations (69.9%) and 99,931 US examinations (62.7%). Patterns of utilization varied considerably by anatomic category: The imaging studies with the highest rates of utilization by nonradiologists were skeletal radiography, vascular US, and obstetric and pelvic US. Aggregate reimbursement allowance by Pennsylvania Blue Shield for all examinations in these 94 codes was approximately $68 million, of which $44 million (65%) went to non-radiologists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Edmiston
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Beam
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rosetti
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Harford
mesh_terms: D054598:Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005251:Fees, Medical; D006801:Humans; D008511:Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D010824:Physicians' Offices; D011331:Private Practice / Q000191:economics; D011859:Radiography / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011871:Radiology / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms; D013038:Specialization; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*