title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase and its activator are regulated by hypertonic stress in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.
abstract: Madin-Darby canine kidney cells behave like the renal medulla and accumulate small organic solutes (osmolytes) in a hypertonic environment. The accumulation of osmolytes is primarily dependent on changes in gene expression of enzymes that synthesize osmolytes (sorbitol) or transporters that uptake them (myo-inositol, betaine, and taurine). The mechanism by which hypertonicity increases the transcription of these genes, however, remains unclear. Recently, it has been reported that yeast mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and its activator, MAP kinase-kinase, are involved in osmosensing signal transduction and that mutants in these kinases fail to accumulate glycerol, a yeast osmolyte. No information is available in mammals regarding the role of MAP kinase in the cellular response to hypertonicity. We have examined whether MAP kinase and MAP kinase-kinase are regulated by extracellular osmolarity in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Both kinases were activated by hypertonic stress in a time- and osmolarity-dependent manner and reached their maximal activity within 10 min. Additionally, it was suggested that MAP kinase was activated in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. These results indicate that MAP kinase and MAP kinase-kinase(s) are regulated by extracellular osmolarity.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011494:Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases