title: Subclavian revascularization. A quarter century experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Twenty-five years of experience with subclavian revascularizations were reviewed to determine the long-term patency rates of different extrathoracic approaches.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although it is generally agreed that proximal subclavian stenosis should be treated by an extrathoracic route whenever possible, the optimum procedure is debated. Alternatives include subclavian carotid bypass, subclavian-to-subclavian or axillo-axillary bypasses, and the authors' preferred technique of subclavian carotid transposition (SCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Records were researched for the past 25 years in a single specialty surgical clinic for extrathoracic subclavian revascularizations. One hundred ninety such procedures were identified, and hospital charts and office medical records were reviewed for procedure, preoperative symptoms, blood pressure differentials, and postoperative complications. Patency was determined by physical examination, differential blood pressures, Doppler spectral analysis, duplex examinations, and arteriography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bypass procedures were used infrequently, and although the results are reported, they are excluded from any analysis. Subclavian carotid transposition was used in 178 procedures. All anastomoses were found to be patient at follow-up, except for one, which failed at 26 months. Mean follow-up was 46 months, with five patients lost to follow-up. Overall mortality rate was 2.2%, with the mortality falling to 1.1% if only subclavian carotid transposition patients are included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subclavian carotid transposition should be the treatment of choice for routine subclavian carotid occlusive disease because of its exceptional long-term patency and low morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tapper
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mulherin
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods