title: Pharmacodynamics of tolfenamic acid in dogs. Evaluation of dose response relationships.
abstract: Tolfenamic acid was administered to beagle dogs at 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg bodyweight i.m. and the concentration of drug in plasma and in inflamed (administered carrageenan) and non-inflamed subcutaneous tissue cage fluid was measured. The concentration of thromboxane B2 in serum from blood allowed to clot under standardized conditions was determined and the concentrations of prostaglandin E2, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and leucocyte numbers were measured in fluid from the carrageenan administered tissue cages. Skin temperature was also measured over each tissue cage following administration of drug. Tolfenamic acid displayed linear pharmacokinetics since the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) values were 13.74 +/- 1.88, 29.82 +/- 6.53 and 50.52 +/- 5.73 micrograms/ml.h following administration of 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg, respectively. Tolfenamic acid proved to be a potent inhibitor of ex vivo thromboxane B2 generation in clotting blood. Maximal inhibition was greater than 80% at all dose rates and 97% at the 8 mg/kg dose rate 1 h after drug administration. It also proved to be a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin E2 production in inflammatory exudate, and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased prostaglandin E2 production at all dose levels. Tolfenamic acid did not significantly alter 12-HETE generation or white blood cell accumulation in inflammatory exudate. Tolfenamic acid significantly reduced the elevated skin temperature over carrageenan administered cages at all dose levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden, UK.
authors.forename: Q A
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: McKellar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gettinby
mesh_terms: D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood*; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C009500:tolfenamic acid; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; D015232:Dinoprostone