Early endothelium activation and polymorphonuclear cell invasion precede specific necrosis of human melanoma and sarcoma treated by intravascular high-dose tumour necrosis factor alpha (rTNF alpha).
Twenty-seven patients treated with high-dose rTNF alpha, IFN gamma and melphalan by isolated limb perfusion were histologically documented. There were 20 cases of melanoma-in-transit metastases and 7 cases of high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma. Biopsies were taken before IFN gamma, after IFN gamma, before TNF alpha and between 2 hr and 60 days after the TNF alpha perfusion. Immunohistochemistry was performed for adhesion molecules ICAM-I, ELAM-I (E selectin), VCAM-I and PECAM. During the first hours after beginning perfusion, the endothelial cells of the tumour capillaries appeared swollen. Significant tumour necrosis was already observed 3 hours after the perfusion in melanoma cases. The overall predominant feature was coagulative necrosis associated or not with haemorrhagic necrosis. TNF alpha induced increased expression of ELAM-I and VCAM-I adhesion molecules on intratumoral endothelial cells. The activated tumour vessels were progressively destroyed. Significant intravascular recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was observed 3 hr after starting TNF alpha; it was followed by diapedesis and tumour colonization 3 days later. T lymphocytes and macrophages were detected during the first 7 days and B lymphocytes during the second week. Melanoma in transit metastases treated with alkylating agent alone did not show significant necrosis and did not express high levels of adhesion molecules (ELAM-I, VCAM-I) nor infiltration by PMN.
Renard
N
N
Department of Pathologic Anatomy, Jules Bordet Institute, University of Brussels, Belgium.
Liénard
D
D
Lespagnard
L
L
Eggermont
A
A
Heimann
R
R
Lejeune
F
F
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma