title: The 3Rs of life: Ras, Raf and growth regulation.
abstract: Cellular Ras proteins are essential elements in normal signal transduction pathways while activated Ras proteins are prevalent in many different forms of human cancers. Here, we discuss the mechanism through which Ras proteins, either cellular or activated, transmit a proliferative signal by activating cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Moodie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolfman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)