title: Effects of various supplements on voluntary intake and performance by growing cattle consuming forage moderate to high in crude protein.
abstract: Growing cattle were supplemented with substances to lessen or increase ruminal ammonia level to determine if consumption of moderate- to high-crude protein (CP) forage is limited by high ruminal ammonia absorption. In Experiment 1 (5 x 5 Latin square), five Holstein steers (198 kg) had ad libitum access to alfalfa cubes (17% CP) without supplementation or with corn at 0.25 or 0.75% body weight (BW) alone (LC or HC) or with 0.06% BW of zeolite (chabazite; LC-Z and HC-Z). Total daily organic water (OM) intake was not affected by treatment (6.08, 6.14, 6.11, 6.19 and 6.09 kg for control, LC, LC-Z, HC and HC-Z, respectively; SE 0.25). In Experiment 2, Simmental crossbred beef calves grazed fescue-clover paddocks in the spring (clipped forage: 21 to 27% CP) for 84 days and were supplemented with 0.25 or 0.75% BW corn alone or with added zeolite (0.06% BW) or lasalocid (0.5 mg/kg BW). Daily gain did not differ among treatments (1.24 to 1.31 kg/day). In Experiment 3 (6 x 6 Latin square), six Holstein steer calves (168 kg) had ad libitum access to medium-quality, orchardgrass-clover hay (15% CP). Steers received one of the following six treatments: no supplement (Control), 0.35% BW ground corn (C), corn plus 0.049% BW urea (C-U), 0.35% BW soybean meal (S), 0.205% BW feather meal (F) or 0.103% BW feather meal, 0.052% BW blood meal and 0.067% BW corn gluten meal (F-BG). Total daily OM intake was 5.00, 5.14, 5.00, 5.11, 4.84 and 4.70 kg for control, C, C-U, S, F and F-BG, respectively (SE 0.13). In Experiment 4 (6 x 6 Latin square), six Holstein steer calves (226 kg) were fed 0.75% BW of alfalfa cubes (19% CP) plus ad libitum access to medium- to high-quality orchardgrass hay (16% CP). Steers received one of the following six treatments: no supplement (Control), corn at 0.25% BW alone (c) or mixed with 0.12% BW peanut skins (C-PSK), a mix of high-CP feedstuffs high in ruminal escape protein (0.029% BW blood meal, 0.038% BW corn gluten meal and 0.028% BW feather meal; C-REP), 0.139% soybean meal (C-S) or soybean meal plus peanut skins (C-PSK-S). Total daily OM intake was 6.16, 6.25, 6.13, 6.52, 6.50 and 6.60 kg for control, C, C-PSK, C-REP, C-S and C-PSK-S, respectively (SE 0.10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal and Poultry Sciences, University of Arkansas Fayetteville 72701.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Goetsch
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004435:Eating; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D008297:Male; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D006109:Poaceae; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000641:Ammonia