title: Accuracy of bar codes versus handwriting for recording trauma resuscitation events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the accuracy of computerized bar code data entry with conventional handwritten data entry during videotaped trauma resuscitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory; video simulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four emergency nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The nurses viewed videotapes of four different major trauma resuscitations during a single session. Each nurse recorded resuscitation events by handwritten entry in two cases and by bar code entry in another two. A computerized bar code system was designed specifically for contemporaneous charting of rapidly occurring events during trauma resuscitations. The handwritten and bar-coded records then were compared with a master list of events, and the number of entry errors were counted. Errors were defined as "omissions" (failing to record an event), "commissions" (recording an event that did not occur), or "inaccuracies" (errors in recording details of an event).
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in the number of entry errors between the two recording methods were compared using unpaired t-tests. Differences in the number of errors after adjusting for the different nurses, different case being viewed, and order of viewing were analyzed using balanced analysis of variance techniques. P < .05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SEM number of total errors per record for bar codes was 2.63 +/- 0.24 compared with 4.48 +/- 0.30 for handwriting (P < .0001). The mean number of omissions per record for bar codes was 2.25 +/- 0.21 compared with 3.65 +/- 0.27 for handwriting (P = .0001). The mean number of inaccuracies per record for bar codes was 0.38 +/- 0.10 compared with 0.83 +/- 0.12 for handwriting (P = .0038). There were no commission-type errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computerized bar code data entry of trauma resuscitation events had significantly fewer entry errors than handwritten data entry in a laboratory setting. Potential advantages of bar code data entry include keyless data entry, automatic time-stamping, standardization of documentation, legibility of the medical record, and "point-of-care" data capture.
authors.affiliation: Methodist Hospital of Indiana Student Summer Research Program, Indianapolis.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cordell
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ernsting
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Nyhuis
mesh_terms: D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D016529:Emergency Nursing; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D008499:Medical Records / Q000592:standards*; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D012151:Resuscitation; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy