title: Contractile mechanisms of gallbladder filling and emptying in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanisms of gallbladder filling and emptying during the fasting state, postprandial state, and after intravenous administration of cholecystokinin, motilin, and morphine were investigated in conscious dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bile flow in the cystic and common bile ducts was measured by miniature flow probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gallbladder showed brief alternating excursions of filling and emptying in the fasting and fed state. The emptying excursions exceeded the filling excursions during phase II and for about 4 hours after a meal. The filling excursions exceeded the emptying excursions during phase I, phase III, and the latter half of the postprandial state. Most gallbladder emptying occurred when its pressure was high, and most filling occurred when its pressure was low. The duodenal contractions played a major role in gallbladder filling and emptying during phase III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gallbladder filling and emptying are not monotonous during the fasting and postprandial states. The brief alternating excursions of filling and emptying would almost continually mix the concentrated gallbladder bile with the fresh dilute hepatic bile to prevent supersaturation of the gallbladder bile during the fasting state and extend the delivery of a small volume of concentrated gallbladder bile for a period of several hours after a meal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abiru
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarna
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Condon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004435:Eating; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009037:Motilin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D012844:Sincalide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009037:Motilin; D009020:Morphine; D012844:Sincalide