title: Sex differences in rank attainment and research activities among academic psychiatrists.
abstract: Data from a survey distributed to all full-time faculty in academic departments of psychiatry were used to examine possible sex differences in research activities and rank attainment among psychiatrists. A total of 1923 psychiatrists responded, 1564 men (81.3%) and 359 women (18.7%). Continuous dependent variables were analyzed by using analyses of covariance with the year graduated from medical school as a covariate. For categorical dependent variables, the sample was divided into four 10-year cohorts based on the year graduated from medical school, and differences between men and women were analyzed with chi 2 tests. Over the entire sample, men were more likely than women to have had research training, to have ever been principal investigators on peer-reviewed grants, to mentor research trainees, to be currently involved in research activities, and to meet defined criteria as a "researcher." Many gender differences remained significant after controlling for seniority and research training. In every cohort, the men had attained higher academic rank than the women. In general, differences in research activity and productivity were most marked in the youngest cohort. To ensure a rich talent pool for psychiatric research, efforts must be made to recruit and support researchers from among the increased number of women in psychiatry.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychobiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibenluft
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Dial
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Haviland
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pincus
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002322:Career Mobility; D005006:Ethnicity; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000600:supply & distribution; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012106:Research / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012108:Research Personnel / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D000078329:Workforce