title: Correlates of needle sharing among injection drug users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The sharing of contaminated injection equipment is the primary mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission for injection drug users. This study examined demographic factors, life events, and drug use practices that are potential risk factors for sharing injection equipment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 1988 and March 1989, 2921 active injection drug users were interviewed and questioned about their backgrounds, life-styles, and patterns of injection drug use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2524 participants who reported injecting drugs within the 6 months prior to study enrollment, 70.4% reported recent needle sharing. A multivariate analysis found needle sharing to be more frequent among those with a history of arrest and lower socioeconomic status, even after accounting for other demographic and drug use variables. In addition, recent needle sharing was higher in male homosexual or bisexual men than in their heterosexual counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that injection drug users have an economic motive to share needles and that the availability of free and legal needles may reduce levels of needle sharing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Hygiene, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mandell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Latkin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oziemkowska
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*