title: The effectiveness of pre-operative advice to stop smoking: a prospective controlled trial.
abstract: Patients who smoke cigarettes suffer increased postoperative morbidity. A prospective, controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of written pre-operative advice to stop smoking before admission for elective surgery and to record the duration of abstinence immediately before the operation. Although the advice was ineffective in persuading patients to stop smoking, it was associated with a reduction in the amount of tobacco consumed. Nicotine and carbon monoxide have important short-term adverse effects but 15% of all patients continued to smoke within an hour of surgery. If patients are unable to give up cigarette smoking completely, it is still worthwhile stopping on admission to hospital.
authors.affiliation: St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London.
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Munday
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013997:Time Factors