title: Relationships between plasma levels of catecholamines and neuropeptides and the survival time in patients with congestive heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the importance of various variables reflecting neuroendocrine activation in relation to prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of noradrenaline, adrenaline, neuropeptide Y, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide were measured in patients presenting with CHF and related to survival time. Survival time was calculated from the time-point of this investigation until the month when the patient died or until December 1992. The follow-up period ranged up to 60 months. Seven of the 31 patients were still alive at the end of this period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lund University Hospital, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients with CHF due to ischaemic heart disease. Six patients had a degree of heart failure corresponding to NYHA I-II and 25 corresponding to NYHA III-IV. Ten of these 25 patients were on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in addition to therapy with digoxin and diuretics. The catecholamine and neuropeptide levels were compared to those of a control group of 31 healthy subjects aged 20-80 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were not any specific intervention in addition to the treatment for heart failure as outlined above.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival time until death from heart disease or until the end of the follow up period in December 1992.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were inverse relationships between survival time on one hand and plasma values of noradrenaline (r = -0.49; P < 0.01) and atrial natriuretic peptide (r = -0.49; P < 0.01) on the other hand. There was a significant correlation between the plasma values of noradrenaline and atrial natriuretic peptide (r = 0.50; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased plasma levels of noradrenaline and atrial natriuretic peptide are of major importance as prognostic markers in patients with CHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdemarsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergdahl
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Edvinsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000097:blood*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D009479:Neuropeptides; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor