title: Malformations, withdrawal manifestations, and hypoglycaemia after exposure to valproate in utero.
abstract: An unselected series is presented of 17 infants born to epileptic mothers and exposed to sodium valproate during pregnancy. Nine infants had minor abnormalities and of these infants five also had major malformations, described as the 'fetal valproate syndrome'. The most frequent malformation was congenital heart disease. Nine of the infants had manifestations of withdrawal, such as irritability, jitteriness, abnormalities of tone, seizures, and feeding problems. Four of these infants had an unrelated hypoglycaemia. The frequency of withdrawal symptoms was significantly related to the dose of valproate given to the mothers in the third trimester, and there was a tendency for both the frequency of the minor abnormalities and the major malformations to be related to the valproate dosage in the first trimester.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Aalborg Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thisted
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ebbesen
mesh_terms: D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009357:Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014635:Valproic Acid