title: Studies on the toxicities of aluminium hydroxide and calcium phosphate as immunological adjuvants for vaccines.
abstract: Aluminium hydroxide (Al) and calcium phosphate (Ca) have been used for many years as immunological adjuvants for biologicals. We investigated the toxic effects of both adjuvants with different physical properties. Al-gel elicited vascular permeability-increasing and toxic effects to macrophages (M phi), while its haemolytic effect was weak. Ca-gel elicited a significantly stronger haemolytic effect, but no other toxic effect. Incubation of M phi or polymorphonuclear leucocytes with Al-suspension resulted in the largest release of lactate dehydrogenase. Ca-suspension caused haemolysis of about 50% of that caused by Ca-gel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety Research on Biologics, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maeyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000633:toxicity*; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013535:Suspensions; D014612:Vaccines
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D005782:Gels; D013535:Suspensions; D014612:Vaccines; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous