title: The adnexal mass: benign or malignant? Evaluation of a risk of malignancy index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate a risk of malignancy index incorporating menopausal status, serum CA 125 level and pelvic ultrasound features in the pre-operative diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal London Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-four women admitted consecutively to the gynaecology department for surgical exploration of an adnexal mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sensitivities and specificities of menopausal status, serum CA 125 level and ultrasound features, in isolation and combined (the risk of malignancy index (RMI)), for diagnosing ovarian cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tested on a new population of women, the RMI retained the high sensitivity for diagnosing ovarian cancer seen in the original report describing its derivation. The specificity, however, was lower. The study confirmed that the RMI is more accurate than the individual criteria in diagnosing ovarian cancer, and was comparable with other scoring systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of malignancy index is a simple scoring system for ovarian cancer. Application of the risk of malignancy index in clinical practice may provide a rational basis for specialist referral of patients with ovarian cancer before diagnostic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woolas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oram
mesh_terms: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate