title: Patterns of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibitors during typhoid fever.
abstract: Cytokines and inhibitors in plasma were measured in 44 patients with typhoid fever. Ex vivo production of the cytokines was analyzed in a whole blood culture system with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acute phase circulating concentrations of cytokines (+/- SD) were as follows: interleukin (IL)-1 beta, < 140 pg/mL; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), 130 +/- 50 pg/mL; IL-6, 96 +/- 131 pg/mL; and IL-8, 278 +/- 293 pg/mL. Circulating inhibitors were elevated in the acute phase: IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) was 2304 +/- 1427 pg/mL and soluble TNF receptors 55 and 75 were 4973 +/- 2644 pg/mL and 22,865 +/- 15,143 pg/mL, respectively. LPS-stimulated production of cytokines was lower during the acute phase than during convalescence (mean values: IL-1 beta, 2547 vs. 6576 pg/mL; TNF alpha, 2609 vs. 6338 pg/mL; IL-6, 2416 vs. 7713 pg/mL). LPS-stimulated production of IL-1RA was higher in the acute than during the convalescent phase (5608 vs. 3977 pg/mL). Inhibited production of cytokines during the acute phase may be due to a switch from a proinflammatory to an antiinflammatory mode.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keuter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dharmana
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gasem
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Ven-Jongekrijg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Djokomoeljanto
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Dolmans
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Demacker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauerwein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gallati
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Meer
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines