title: Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect infant responses to maternal separation.
abstract: Responses of individuals to the loss of a primary attachment object may be quite variable. In humans, it has been suggested that only about 25% of bereavements result in substantial psychological or medical morbidity (Hamburg et al. 1975). In nonhuman primates, which are used to model responses to separation and loss, a similar estimate of about 25% has also been obtained (McKinney 1985). In addition, there are wide-ranging species differences in vulnerability with regard to the nature and severity of the response to maternal separation and/or loss. All of these findings suggest that there are important processes, intrinsic and/or extrinsic to the individual, that contribute to the probability that a loss will produce a major behavioral or physiological response. We have been systematically examining some of the factors that may account for a portion of this variability in two species of macaques (bonnet monkeys Macaca radiata; and pigtail monkeys, M. nemestrina).
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Boccia
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Laudenslager
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Reite
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000523:psychology*; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D008255:Macaca radiata; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009769:Object Attachment; D013694:Temperament