title: Double cortex syndrome: electroclinical study of three cases.
abstract: We describe three female patients (aged 10, 11 and 21 years) with a Magnetic Resonance appearance of band heterotopia, a diffuse neuronal migration disorder, also known as double cortex syndrome. The clinical picture was characterized by the association of epilepsy and mental retardation in all three cases, as has been previously described in patients with double cortex syndrome. The epileptic syndrome (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in one case, and symptomatic partial epilepsy in the other two), the response to medical treatment, and the severity of mental retardation were markedly different in the three patients. No clear-cut relationship was found between the clinical picture and the severity of the neuronal migration disorder, as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging. In the three cases, EEG shares some common features: multifocal epileptic activity with frequent bilateral diffusion, and high-amplitude anterior fast activity, intermingled in two patients with bursts of repetitive spikes.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milano.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Granata
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Incerti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zucca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savoiardo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avanzini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000513:Alpha Rhythm; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D013577:Syndrome