title: Hormonal treatment in pregnancy: a possible risk factor for neuroblastoma.
abstract: In the last 4 years, 24 cases of neuroblastoma were treated in the Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 8 of whom were under 1 year of age. Four of them were the product of a pregnancy-induced or preserved by gonadotropins, clomiphene citrate, or progestational hormones. These drugs are known to produce a higher than normal level of estradiol or progesterone in the early stages of pregnancy. Our observation led to the hypothesis that high levels of progestational hormones given during pregnancy are a risk factor for neuroblastoma in infancy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toren
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rechavi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dor
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ben-Bassat
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Neumann
mesh_terms: D004092:20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone; D001971:Bromocriptine; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002996:Clomiphene; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000187:drug effects; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011372:Progestins / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011372:Progestins; D004092:20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone; D002996:Clomiphene; D001971:Bromocriptine