title: Lung function in white children aged 4 to 19 years: I--Spirometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study was performed to produce reference standards for spirometric lung function in white children and to calculate standard deviation scores adjusted for gender and pubertal stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study was made of 772 white children aged 4.6 to 18.8 years (455 male) tested on an OHIO 840 spirometer and assessed anthropometrically and pubertally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before puberty there was a linear increase in all lung function measurements with height. During puberty a sudden increase occurred, but subsequently the relationship was again linear. No simple single equation described this pattern. Advanced puberty in younger children conferred a respiratory advantage, whilst delayed puberty resulted in the converse. Girls had poorer volumes per unit height, but young girls had superior airflow/unit lung volume. In both sexes lung volumes and flows bore a constant relationship to external thoracic dimensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Puberty has a dramatic effect on lung function. Regression equations for predicted values of lung function measurements and for calculation of standard deviation scores are given (with pubertal correction factors) for each gender.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric, Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton National Heart and Lung Hospital, London.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denison
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Warner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008448:Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000502:physiology; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000502:physiology; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013909:Thorax / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D044465:White People