title: Transforming growth factor-beta 2 induces apoptosis of murine T cell clones without down-regulating bcl-2 mRNA expression.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine which inhibits the antigen (Ag)-dependent expansion of T cells both in vitro and in vivo by mechanisms not well defined yet. Here we report that exposure of interleukin (IL)-2-dependent T cell lines to TGF beta 2 results in apoptosis defined by morphology, nucleosomal size DNA fragmentation and in situ DNA end labeling. TGF beta 2-induced T cell apoptosis showed the following characteristics: (1) in contrast to the rapid evolution of apoptosis following IL-2 deprivation, apoptosis of T cells triggered by TGF beta 2 was delayed; (2) cycloheximide prevented TGF beta 2-induced apoptosis of CTLL-2 but not of OVA-7 T helper cells; (3) in contrast to apoptosis following IL-2 deprivation, TGF beta 2-mediated T cell apoptosis was not associated with decreased expression of the proto-oncogenes, bcl-2 or c-myc; (4) TGF beta 2-induced apoptosis was not restricted to IL-2-dependent T cell lines since the IL-4-dependent T cell line, CT.4S, as well as EL4 lymphoma cells, which grow independently of exogenous IL-2, were also susceptible to TGF beta 2-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these data may present a novel mechanism of TGF beta 2-mediated suppression of T cell expansion in response to Ag and IL-2, the activation of the endogenous death program of apoptosis, which appears to operate independently of direct interactions of TGF beta 2 with the IL-2/IL-2 receptor system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zürich School of Medicine, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Constam
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Malipiero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D016259:Genes, myc / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta