title: Cellular mechanisms of cocaine cardiotoxicity.
abstract: Although cocaine abuse has been a major drug problem in the United States for over 100 years, it has only been in the last decade that the adverse effects of cocaine on the cardiovascular system have become a serious health issue. The cardiotoxic effects of cocaine are multifactorial and remain a puzzle for investigators to solve. Evidence suggests that cocaine-induced toxic effects on the cardiac and vascular cells include both direct as well as indirect components. In addition, other chemical, physiologic, and environmental factors may further complicate and alter mechanisms and endpoints of cocaine-induced cellular toxicity. In order to fully understand the overall cardiotoxic response to cocaine, the cellular mechanisms and endpoints of toxicity of each of these potentially injurious factors must be identified.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacodynamics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Welder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grammas
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Melchert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: C066444:cocaethylene; D003042:Cocaine