title: Measurement of androgen receptor expression in adult liver, fetal liver, and Hep-G2 cells by the polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most commonly fatal malignant tumour worldwide. The role of androgen receptors, which have been found in hepatocellular carcinoma, is controversial. Sequence specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify, for the first time, the expression of androgen receptor in four adult liver biopsy specimens (HL-A to HL-D), fetal liver, and Hep-G2 cells. The measurement of androgen receptor is expressed as a ratio (androgen receptor: beta-actin) of the value of androgen receptor to the value of a control gene, beta-actin. The value of the androgen receptor: beta-actin ratios for HL-A, HL-B, HL-C, HL-D, fetal liver, and Hep-G2 were 0.37, 0.86, 0.37, 0.44, 0.87, and 0.66 respectively. To verify sequence specific amplification of the androgen receptor, the PCR androgen receptor fragment was sequenced. The resultant sequence data for both strands of the double stranded PCR androgen receptor fragment had 100% similarity with the published androgen receptor mRNA sequence (complete codons).
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, UMDS of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital's, London.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Stubbs
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Engelman
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faik
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011944:Receptors, Androgen