title: Reliability and validity studies of endoluminal ultrasonography for anorectal disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoluminal ultrasonography (ELUS) is accurate in the assessment of penetration through the rectal wall by carcinoma. Clinical studies were performed to determine the reliability and validity of ELUS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The interobserver reliability among four observers with varying experience with ELUS was determined for staging the penetration of rectal cancer through the rectal wall. The ability of ELUS to change the clinical management of the referring clinician (comprehensiveness) was assessed on all referrals over a six-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reliability of ELUS for staging rectal cancer demonstrated only fair to moderate correlation (weighted kappa range, 0.22-0.47). The accuracy of ELUS compared with surgical pathology demonstrated a learning curve proportional to the experience of the observer. In 45 percent of referrals, ELUS changed the clinical management of patients and in 76 percent of referrals the clinician's confidence in the diagnosis and management of patients was altered. ELUS was more likely to change the management of patients with pelvic pouch sepsis (70 percent) and early neoplastic lesions (57 percent) than in more advanced neoplastic lesions (40 percent), perianal Crohn's disease (40 percent), complex noninflammatory bowel disease sepsis (33 percent), and incontinence (31 percent).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ELUS has the ability to change the clinical management of a variety of anorectal conditions. However, for neoplasia the interobserver reliability is only moderate and a learning curve exists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015588:Observer Variation; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography