title: Childbearing, reproductive control, aging women, and health care: the projected ethical debates.
abstract: Of the many social trends that will have an impact on the ethical debates surrounding women's health in the 21st century, three are discussed: the shifting demographics of age and race in the United States; the fundamental change in the health care system to a community-based, preventive model; and the equal voice of women in the government. Using these trends as a framework, this article hypothesizes the ethical debates that will occur in the 21st century concerning such issues as fetal viability, abortion, contraception, infertility, genetic engineering, aggressive versus nonaggressive treatment of aging women, scarce resources, menopause, organ transplants, sexism in biomedical research, fertility in postmenopausal women, birthing centers, fetal surgery, and fetal therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Freda
mesh_terms: D037881:Aborted Fetus; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D026688:Bioethical Issues; D035843:Biomedical Research; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008423:Maternal Age; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People; D011287:Prejudice; D012099:Reproductive Techniques / Q000639:trends*; D012106:Research; D040841:Resource Allocation; D012922:Social Change; D016387:Women's Health