title: Impedance cardiography: the failure of sternal electrodes to predict changes in stroke volume.
abstract: A study was conducted on 26 healthy male adults comparing the stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) measured with green dye and impedance cardiography in supine, sitting and during 50 W bicycle exercise. The impedance voltage pick-up electrodes were modified from the standard band location and placed at the suprasternal notch and 10 cm below. The percentage change of SV going from supine to sitting was -27.2 +/- 7.4% and -16.9 +/- 22% for the dye and impedance values respectively. The percentage change of SV going from sitting to exercise was 20.9 +/- 11.9% and 36.7 +/- 32.9% for the dye and impedance values respectively. The percentage change in SV determined by impedance shows poor correlation (supine to sitting R = 0.16 and sitting to exercise R = 0.42) with dye values. The individual impedance values for a given change in position or exercise showed considerably more variation compared with the dye. Impedance determination of SV using electrodes on the sternum does not appear to be a valid method for SV and CO measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McVeigh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004395:Dye Dilution Technique; D004566:Electrodes; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013249:Sternum; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*