title: Consanguineous marriage within social/occupational class boundaries in Pakistan.
abstract: Data on patterns of consanguineous marriage were collected from 5340 families resident in eight cities in the Pakistan province of Punjab. To assess whether social and/or occupational class was interacting with consanguinity, information also was obtained on the hereditary qaum to which each family belonged. In the present generation 46.5% of all marriages were contracted at the level of second cousin or closer, with an average coefficient of inbreeding (F) of 0.0286, and the results indicated that in each of the seventeen qaums there was strong preference for marriage to a close biological relative. However, significant differences existed in the distribution of consanguineous marriage by qaum membership, which could interfere with the interpretation of studies into the biological effects of inbreeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shami
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bittles
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003241:Consanguinity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008393:Marriage / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010154:Pakistan; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population