title: Precise repair of orbital maxillary zygomatic fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the techniques, advantages, indications, and potential pitfalls of the transconjunctival approach with lateral canthotomy, sublabial approach, and coronal approach in the treatment of complex trimalar fracture with associated blow-out fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients diagnosed as having complex trimalar fractures with or without blow-out treated by either of us over a 2-year period were included. Follow-up ranged from a minimum of 6 months to 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were treated with December 1989 to December 1991 at either Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, or University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with complex trimalar fractures were included in this study. Eight patients had associated orbital blow-out fractures. Simple isolated arch fractures were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects underwent a transconjunctival approach with lateral canthotomy. Seven subjects also had associated sublabial flaps. Five patients required hemicoronal or coronal approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were seven minor complications. Ninety-three percent (14/15 [three didn't respond to the survey]) of patients surveyed were either very satisfied or satisfied with their functional and cosmetic results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The management of complex trimalar fracture with blow-outs is greatly facilitated by the rational application of the described techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City.
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000601:surgery; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004483:Ectropion / Q000209:etiology; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000601:surgery; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009915:Orbit / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D015050:Zygoma / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*