title: [Limitations to care; evaluation of decision making concerning the death of 104 children in a surgical intensive care unit].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the decision-making process concerning withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in children who died in a paediatric surgical intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective evaluation of medical and nursing records from the period 1988-1992.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sophia Children's Hospital-University Hospital Rotterdam.
  
  
  METHODS
  The evaluation concerned 104 children who died in the paediatric surgical intensive care unit during the study period. The causes of death were classified according to the classification proposed in a recent report issued by the Dutch Association of Paediatricians. A distinction was made between newborns and older children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both newborns and older children, about half of the children had died because treatment was either withheld (4/104) or withdrawn (53/104). There were no cases of 'intentional termination of life in emergencies'. The remaining children had died in spite of medical treatment that had been considered worthwhile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The problems and guidelines suggested from the field of neonatology are applicable not only to newborns with severe congenital anomalies, but also to older children. Evaluation of the decision-making process should not be limited to medical-technical and nursing aspects, but should also include the experiences of the parents and the treatment team.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Ziekenhuis Rotterdam-Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, afd. Kinderheelkunde.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tibboel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mourik
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Hazebroek
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Molenaar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003657:Decision Making; D005065:Euthanasia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D016079:Refusal to Treat; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000401:mortality*; D017211:Treatment Failure
vernacular_title: Grenzen aan de zorg; evaluatie van de besluitvorming rond het overlijden van 104 kinderen op een afdeling Chirurgische Intensieve Zorg.