title: Modification of the aerobic cytotoxicity of etanidazole.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of modifying the aerobic cytotoxicity of etanidazole without interfering with the tumoricidal action of radiation plus etanidazole.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aerobic cytotoxicity of etanidazole was studied using two different models: (1) Induction of apoptosis in EL4 cells: apoptotic DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis following 24 h treatment with etanidazole alone or in combination with various modifiers. (2) Spinal cord neuronal loss in organotypic roller tube cultures: Survival of acetylcholinesterase positive ventral horn neurons was analyzed morphometrically following 72 h treatment with etanidazole alone or in combination with vitamin E succinate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Etanidazole (10 mM) induced apoptosis in EL4 cells. This effect was suppressed by 24 h treatment with TPA, IBMX, the free radical scavenger TEMPOL or vitamin E succinate. Vitamin E succinate also protected spinal cord cultures from etanidazole-induced neuronal loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that it might be possible to modify the neurotoxicity of etanidazole with agents that would not be expected to interfere with the tumoricidal action of radiation plus etanidazole.
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Palayoor
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bump
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malaker
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Langley
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Saroff
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Delfs
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Coleman
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017341:Etanidazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D024505:Tocopherols; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D014810:Vitamin E; D017341:Etanidazole; D024505:Tocopherols; D002118:Calcium