title: Reduced semen quality caused by chronic abacterial prostatitis: an enigma or reality?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there is an inter-relationship between chronic abacterial prostatitis and potential infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the eligibility studies for hyperthermia treatment for chronic abacterial prostatitis patients, a large number of chronic prostatitis patients were referred to us from peripheral outpatient clinics. Sperm analysis was a routine portion of the eligibility studies. To exclude bacterial prostatitis, urine cultures, expressed prostatic secretion, and semen cultures were performed. The patient population was not differentiated on the basis of those suffering from either nonbacterial prostatitis or prostatodynia according to the commonly accepted classification. The control group was the laboratory normal standard group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal human volunteers in an academic and clinical research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first group includes 86 patients suffering from long-standing (1 to 20 years) chronic abacterial prostatitis, according to the commonly accepted classification, with a mean age of 39.9 +/- 9.5 years. The second group includes 101 normal fertile men with a mean age of 31.4 +/- 5.5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The routine semen analysis performed included biochemical tests of seminal plasma, bacteriology, and light microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original hypothesis was based on a reduction in semen quality in these patients caused by chronic abacterial prostatitis. Measurements for sperm motility parameters, morphology characteristics, prostate markers, and white blood cells (WBC) were designed accordingly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical comparisons of the two groups showed that several sperm motility parameters, morphology characteristics, prostate markers, and WBC are outside of the normal value ranges in the chronic abacterial prostatitis group. In addition, there is a correlation between the duration of the disease and two important sperm analysis variables: increased prostatic markers and appearance of sperm morphological defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the results obtained, the high incidence of secondary infertility in these patients may be explained.
authors.affiliation: Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Leib
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bartoov
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eltes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Servadio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology