title: MR volume segmentation of gray matter and white matter using manual thresholding: dependence on image brightness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a quantitative MR imaging segmentation method for determination of the volume of cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, and white matter in living human brain, and to determine the method's reliability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a computer method that allows rapid, user-friendly determination of cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, and white matter volumes in a reliable manner, both globally and regionally. This method was applied to a large control population (N = 57).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, image brightness had a strong correlation with the gray-white ratio (r = .78). Bright images tended to overestimate, dim images to underestimate gray matter volumes. This artifact was corrected for by offsetting each image to an approximately equal brightness. After brightness correction, gray-white ratio was correlated with age (r = -.35). The age-dependent gray-white ratio was similar to that for the same age range in a prior neuropathology report. Interrater reliability was high (.93 intraclass correlation coefficient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method described here for gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volume calculation is reliable and valid. A correction method for an artifact related to image brightness was developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Barta
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Brettschneider
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Henderer
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Schlaepfer
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pearlson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software