title: Induction of T-cell immunity to oligosaccharide antigens immobilized on crystalline bacterial surface layers (S-layers).
abstract: Immunization of Balb/c mice with conjugates of oligosaccharide haptens and crystalline bacterial surface-layer proteins (S-layers) primed the mice for a strong, hapten-specific, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Conjugates of haptens with bovine serum albumin produced only weak DTH responses but, when mixed with aluminium hydroxide, elicited DTH responses comparable to those against S-layer conjugates. Surface-layer conjugates also elicited strong anti-hapten DTH responses when administered by an oral/nasal route. Apparently, the natural assembly of S-layer proteins into large, two-dimensional arrays endows them with intrinsic adjuvant properties.
authors.affiliation: Chembiomed Ltd, Edmonton Research Park, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Messner
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lamontagne
authors.forename: U B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Sleytr
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Unger
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D003460:Crystallization; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005260:Female; D006241:Haptens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C / Q000276:immunology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006241:Haptens; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide