title: BCL3 encodes a nuclear protein which can alter the subcellular location of NF-kappa B proteins.
abstract: BCL3 is a candidate proto-oncogene involved in the recurring translocation t(14;19) found in some patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. BCL3 protein acts as an I kappa B in that it can specifically inhibit the DNA binding of NF-kappa B factors. Here, we demonstrate that BCL3 is predominantly a nuclear protein and provide evidence that its N terminus is necessary to direct the protein into the nucleus. In contrast to I kappa B alpha (MAD3), BCL3 does not cause NF-kappa B p50 to be retained in the cytoplasm; instead, in cotransfection assays, it alters the subnuclear localization of p50. The two proteins colocalize, suggesting that they interact in vivo. Further immunofluorescence experiments showed that a mutant p50, lacking a nuclear localization signal and restricted to the cytoplasm, is brought into the nucleus in the presence of BCL3. Correspondingly, a wild-type p50 directs into the nucleus a truncated BCL3, which, when transfected alone, is found in the cytoplasm. We tested whether BCL3 could overcome the cytoplasmic retention of p50 by I kappa B alpha. Results from triple cotransfection experiments with BCL3, I kappa B alpha, and p50 implied that BCL3 can successfully compete with I kappa B alpha and bring p50 into the nucleus; thus, localization of NF-kappa B factors may be affected by differential expression of I kappa B proteins. These novel properties of BCL3 protein further establish BCL3 as a distinctive member of the I kappa B family.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Didonato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karin
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: McKeithan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000081242:B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014162:Transfection; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D000081242:B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein; C000631344:BCL3 protein, human; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors