title: Biological monitoring of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; 1-hydroxypyrene in urine of people.
abstract: A biomarker of human exposure to chemical agents provides a valuable parameter for assessing the extent and significance of the uptake by giving a measurement that is direct and integrated over time and exposure routes. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is currently tested as a biomarker for the assessment of low level environmental exposure of people to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Five examples of the application of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene methodology in the assessment of environmental exposure to PAH are presented: inhalation of tobacco smoke; inhalation of urban outdoor air; windsurfers sailing on polluted water; absorption of contaminated food; exposure in an urban area with many heavy industries. The examples illustrate that the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene test is sufficiently sensitive. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is an effective biomarker for the assessment of human environmental exposure to PAH.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Jongeneelen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D011721:Pyrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene