title: Quinolinic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease: relationships to clinical status and therapeutic response.
abstract: Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is a neurotoxin implicated in the neurologic deficits associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Forty children with symptomatic HIV-1 disease had elevated (P < .001) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) QUIN levels (55.8 +/- 8.9 nM) compared with controls (14.9 +/- 3.0 nM). Age-adjusted CSF QUIN concentrations in HIV-1-infected children were predicted by the general index of mental abilities (GIMA, from an age-appropriate intelligence test; r = -0.45, P < .01). Zidovudine therapy reduced CSF QUIN from 64.1 +/- 16.3 to 19.7 +/- 5.2 nM (P < .01; N = 16) and increased GIMA from 76.8 +/- 5.2 to 87.2 +/- 6.3 (P < .001). Encephalopathic HIV-1-infected patients had higher CSF QUIN levels than patients without encephalopathy (79.6 +/- 16.1 vs. 32.7 +/- 6.7 nM, P < .01). CSF QUIN concentrations were also higher (P < .001) in patients who died < or = 3 years after their baseline assessment, compared with those who were still alive. These results warrant further investigation of CSF QUIN in HIV-infected children as a mediator of neurologic dysfunction and a supplemental marker of neurologic disease, particularly when combined with measures of neurocognitive functioning.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Heyes
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wolters
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Poplack
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Markey
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pizzo
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017378:Quinolinic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015215:Zidovudine; D017378:Quinolinic Acid