title: Onchocerciasis and other eye problems in developing countries: a challenge for optometrists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Onchocerciasis, also known as River Blindness, affects about 18 million people around the world, resulting in severe visual impairment or blindness for approximately 2 million.
  
  
  METHODS
  The disease is transmitted through the bite of a tiny black fly, which breeds in fast moving rivers and streams. The fly injects immature forms of the parasite worm, Onchocerca volvulus, whose microfilariae migrate to superficial tissues, and may invade any part of the eye. In the eye, living microfilariae may be found in any ocular structure, however, sclerosing keratitis, a severe corneal involvement is the major cause of blindness from the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial efforts are currently underway to control the disease in Latin America and equatorial Africa, now that an effective, nontoxic medication, ivermectin, is available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optometrists are helping to solve the logistic challenges for treatment of this disease, as most onchocerciasis endemic areas are remote with difficult access.
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, College of Optometry, TX 77204.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nnadozie
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America; D015827:Onchocerciasis, Ocular / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009907:Optometry; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*