title: Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding an unrecognized component of amyloid in Alzheimer disease.
abstract: A neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) is a widespread amyloid deposition. We analyzed the entire amino acid sequences in an amyloid preparation and found, in addition to the major beta/A4-protein (A beta) fragment, two unknown peptides. We raised antibodies against synthetic peptides using subsequences of these peptides. These antibodies immunostained amyloid in neuritic and diffuse plaques as well as vascular amyloid. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that the immunostaining was localized on amyloid fibrils. We have isolated an apparently full-length cDNA encoding a 140-amino-acid protein within which two previously unreported amyloid sequences are encoded in tandem in the most hydrophobic domain. We tentatively named this 35-amino acid peptide NAC (non-A beta component of AD amyloid) and its precursor NACP. NAC is the second component, after A beta, identified chemically in the purified AD amyloid preparation. Secondary structure predictions indicate that the NAC peptide sequence has a strong tendency to form beta-structures consistent with its association with amyloid. NACP is detected as a M(r) 19,000 protein in the cytosolic fraction of brain homogenates and comigrates on immunoblots with NACP synthesized in Escherichia coli from NACP cDNA. NACP mRNA is expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver, suggesting its ubiquitous and brain-specific functions. The availability of the cDNA encoding full-length NACP should help to elucidate the mechanisms of amyloidosis in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0624.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uéda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masliah
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saitoh
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000682:Amyloid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D051843:Synucleins
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051843:Synucleins