title: Altering the blood-brain barrier in the rat by intracarotid infusion of polycations: a comparison between protamine, poly-L-lysine and poly-L-arginine.
abstract: To evaluate the role of surface charge for the blood-brain barrier permeability, the albumin content was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the brain 1 h after intracarotid infusion of protamine sulphate, a natural polycationic protein with a high content of arginine (mol. wt 4000-4400), poly-L-arginine (mol. wt 11,600) or poly-L-lysine (mol. wt 10,200). Five milligrams (4 x 10(-4) mmol) poly-L-arginine increased the albumin content in the brain 15 times more than 5 mg (5 x 10(-4) mmol) poly-L-lysine (P < 0.001) and 3.5 times more than 5 mg (1 x 10(-3) mmol) protamine (P < 0.001); the difference between protamine and poly-L-lysine was also significant (P < 0.05). After 0.5 mg (4 x 10(-4) mmol) poly-L-arginine the albumin extravasation was still higher than after 5 mg protamine (P < 0.01) and 5 mg poly-L-lysine (P < 0.001). Cisternal albumin increased from control values 0.08 mg ml-1 to 0.30, 0.46 and 1.21 mg ml-1 in rats given 5 mg poly-L-lysine, protamine and poly-L-arginine, respectively (P < 0.01 for difference between arginine and the other two substances). The higher mol. wt and positive charge of poly-L-arginine may at least in part explain the more pronounced albumin leakage after arginine than after protamine. However, the difference between poly-L-arginine and poly-L-lysine suggests that other factors, possibly related to the guanidino groups, contribute to the blood-brain barrier opening by poly-L-arginine.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Westergren
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001767:Blinking / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects*; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011107:Polylysine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011479:Protamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D010455:Peptides; D011479:Protamines; D011107:Polylysine; C015462:polyarginine