title: The relationship of insulin insensitivity to menstrual pattern in women with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin insensitivity is a recognized feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) but previous studies have suggested that circulating insulin concentrations are normal in hyperandrogenaemic women with regular cycles. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between insulin sensitivity and menstrual pattern in women with PCO.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of insulin sensitivity in a cohort of PCO subjects with oligomenorrhoea compared to women with PCO and regular menstrual cycles and a group of normal control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two women with polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography were studied. PCO subjects had clinical and/or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism; 53 had oligo/amenorrhoea (olig) and 19 had regular menses (reg). Results were compared with 31 control subjects. The groups were matched for age, weight and ethnic origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glucose and insulin responses to 75 g oral glucose were measured. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the decline in plasma glucose following intravenous insulin (0.05 U/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glucose area (mean +/- SEM) after oral glucose was increased slightly in both PCO groups compared with controls (olig 37.6 +/- 1.4, reg 36.0 +/- 1.8, control 33.7 +/- 0.9 mmol/l h, both P < 0.01). Insulin area median (interquartile range) in response to glucose was significantly greater in the oligomenorrhoeic group (346 (239-734) mU/l h), compared with both PCO with regular cycles (246 (148-355), P < 0.01) and controls (221 (147-277), P < 0.01). Insulin sensitivity was reduced (P < 0.01) in the oligomenorrhoeic group (147 +/- 9.2 mumol/l min) compared to controls (185 +/- 7.4) but was normal in PCO with regular cycles (182 +/- 12.5). Insulin sensitivity did not correlate significantly with plasma testosterone or with SHBG levels, but plasma insulin concentrations correlated negatively with SHBG levels (fasting insulin vs SHBG, r = -0.47, P < 0.01; insulin area vs SHBG, r = -0.41, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin insensitivity in polycystic ovary syndrome occurs when there is oligo/amenorrhoea but not when the menstrual cycle is regular. This is consistent with PCO and insulin insensitivity being separate abnormalities which when combined are associated with anovulation.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Metabolic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Paddington, London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kiddy
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Gelding
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niththyananthan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000378:metabolism*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D001786:Blood Glucose; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone