title: A randomized, double-blind study comparing cefixime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of childhood shigellosis.
abstract: We compared the clinical and bacteriologic response of 5-day treatment with cefixime, 8 mg/kg per day, with the response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), 10-50 mg/kg per day, the currently recommended therapy. Of the assessable children with acute, culture-proven shigellosis, 38 received cefixime and 39 received TMP-SMX. Pretreatment data on the two study groups were similar. In the first group, all isolates were susceptible to cefixime; in the TMP-SMX group, 32 isolates were resistant and 7 were susceptible to TMP-SMX. Clinical response (day 5) showed cure, improvement, and failure in 89%, 8%, and 3%, respectively, of the cefixime group, and in 25%, 44%, and 31%, respectively, of the TMP-SMX-resistant group (p < 0.001). Bacteriologic cure (day 3) occurred in 78% and 23% of the cefixime and TMP-SMX-resistant groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Clinical or bacteriologic relapse (day 12) was infrequent in both groups. The response to treatment of the cefixime and the TMP-SMX-susceptible groups was similar. No significant side effects were noted. We conclude that cefixime is superior to TMP-SMX in the treatment of suspected shigellosis in areas with a high rate of resistance to TMP-SMX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashkenazi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Waisman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rachmel
authors.forename: B Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Garty
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Samra
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Varsano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nitzan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D020682:Cefixime; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003968:Diarrhea, Infantile / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012760:Shigella / Q000187:drug effects*; D012761:Shigella boydii / Q000187:drug effects; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000187:drug effects; D012764:Shigella sonnei / Q000187:drug effects; D014296:Trimethoprim Resistance; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D020682:Cefixime; D002439:Cefotaxime