title: Reappearance of Plasmodium malariae in Suriname?
abstract: Plasmodium malariae has not been reported from Suriname since 1979. In 1989 an increasing number of P. vivax infections among Bush-negroes returning from the eastern part of the interior was reported in Paramaribo. A microscopical re-examination of all malaria cases in the eastern part of the country failed to confirm any P. vivax infections, but instead P. malariae infections were diagnosed. A study followed to determine the Duffy blood group antigens of 4 Bush-negroes allegedly with a P. vivax infection in their medical history and of 28 and 32 unselected Bush-negroes and Amerindians respectively. Three of the 4 former Bush-negroes had the FyB antigen, while only 7% of the unselected Bush-negroes had this antigen. This low frequency of the genotype is incompatible with reports of high P. vivax prevalences in Bush-negro populations. The Amerindians tested showed a low proportion of Fy0 genotype, which is compatible with the frequent diagnosis of P. vivax among this ethnic group. Reports of P. vivax infections among Bush-negroes are due to misdiagnosis of P. malariae, emphasizing the need to include all 4 species of human Plasmodium when (re)training microscopists. The question whether P. malariae reappeared in Suriname due to increased contact with the simian reservoir, or was simply missed, is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Malaria Control Programme, Medical Mission Eastern Suriname, St Laurent du Maroni, France Guiana.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voorham
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van der Kaay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D010965:Plasmodium malariae / Q000276:immunology*; D013532:Suriname / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan