title: The roles of alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in the inhibition of clot lysis.
abstract: The relative importance of the two major inhibitors of fibrinolysis, alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2-AP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), were investigated using a simple microtitre plate system to study fibrin clot lysis in vitro. Cross-linked fibrin clots contained plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) at concentrations close to physiological. Purified alpha 2-AP and PAI-1 caused dose-dependent inhibition. All the inhibition due to normal plasma, either platelet-rich or poor, was neutralised only by antibodies to alpha 2-AP. Isolated platelets, at a final concentration similar to that in blood, 2.5 x 10(8)/ml, markedly inhibited clot lysis. This inhibition was neutralised only by antibodies to PAI-1. At the normal circulating ratio of plasma to platelets, alpha 2-AP was the dominant inhibitor. When the platelet:plasma ratio was raised some 20-fold, platelet PAI-1 provided a significant contribution. High local concentrations of PAI-1 do occur in thrombi in vivo, indicating a role for PAI-1, complementary to that of alpha 2-AP, in such situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Robbie
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Croll
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin; D010958:Plasminogen; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator