title: Characteristic modifications of the breathing pattern of mice to evaluate the effects of airborne chemicals on the respiratory tract.
abstract: A system was developed for exposure of unanesthetized mice to airborne chemicals and for continuous measurement of their breathing pattern prior to, during and following exposure. By measuring inspiratory and expiratory airflows (VI and VE), and integration with time to yield tidal volume (VT), we obtained characteristic modifications to the normal breathing pattern. These permitted recognition that a specific portion of the respiratory tract was affected by the selected airborne chemicals. Following recognition, we also quantitated the degree of effect using one specific measurement in each case. An effect on the upper respiratory tract, induced by the sensory irritant, 2-chlorobenzylchloride, was quantitated by measuring a decrease in respiratory frequency. An effect on the conducting airways, induced by the airway constrictor, carbamylcholine, was quantitated by a decrease in VE at the mid-point of VT. An effect at the alveolar level, induced either by the vagal nerve ending stimulant, propranolol, or by the pulmonary irritant, machining fluid G, was quantitated by an increase in the length of a pause induced at the end of expiration. The system is easy to construct and operate and can be used to rapidly evaluate the effects of airborne chemicals on the respiratory tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Alarie
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D007509:Irritants