title: Ketamine-diazepam N2O combination anesthesia--a new "circulatory-system-sparing" type of anesthetic in experimental surgery.
abstract: For studying the hemodynamics of the greater and lesser circulatory system in animals, the impact of general anesthesia upon cardiovascular functions should be as small, as possible. The marked circulation-depressing effect of halothane, which has so far been given preference for experiments on large animals, was confirmed by the present study of the miniature pig. There was a significant decrease in MAP, cardiac index and dp/dtmax/IP, and an increase in PAPp. Useful insights into hemodynamics, derived from experiments modeling the heart, lungs or vascular system cannot be gained for a cardiovascular system, the functions of which are greatly altered by such an anesthesia. As a new form of anesthesia with minimal cardiovascular influence, the ketamine-diazepam N2O combination, which has already been successfully applied in operations on the open human heart, is introduced into experimental surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zwiener
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000818:Animals; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007649:Ketamine; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D003975:Diazepam; D006221:Halothane