title: Randomized trial of intraumbilical vein oxytocin in midtrimester pregnancy losses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this double-blind prospective randomized trial was to determine whether high-dose intraumbilical vein oxytocin injection shortens the third stage of labor in midtrimester pregnancy losses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 50) with spontaneous or induced midtrimester pregnancy losses (14 to 26 weeks' gestation) were randomized to receive either 100 IU of oxytocin in 20 ml of normal saline solution or 20 ml of normal saline solution alone as a placebo. The umbilical vein was injected as soon as the cord was clamped. Outcome data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 50 patients randomized, 45 completed the study. Five were excluded after randomization because of either cesarean delivery (1 patient) or en caul delivery (4 patients). Twenty-one patients received oxytocin, and 14 received placebo. Ten patients who were not injected because of technical failure were evaluated separately. There were no differences between the three groups with regard to gestational age, fetal weight, length of the third stage, blood loss, or need for operative removal of the placenta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection of high-dose oxytocin into the umbilical vein in second-trimester pregnancy losses does not shorten the third stage of labor or decrease the need for surgical intervention because of retained placenta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bivins
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cope
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Eller
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007749:Labor Stage, Third / Q000187:drug effects*; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014471:Umbilical Veins
chemical_list: D010121:Oxytocin