title: Anger suppression: its relationship to beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity and stress-induced changes in blood pressure.
abstract: While studies from diverse fields of research suggest a relationship between problems expressing anger and cardiovascular illness, few studies have provided a potential pathophysiological link of such a relationship. Forty-five males were classified according to one of three anger expression categories: those who did not suppress their anger (N = 13), those who partially suppressed their anger (N = 19), and those who definitely suppressed their anger (N = 13). For each, we determined lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptor function and blood pressure responsiveness to a standardized mathematics stressor. Those subjects who routinely suppressed their expression of anger had increased beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity (P = 0.01) (isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP production) and a greater systolic blood pressure response to the stressor (P = 0.001). Anger suppression was unrelated to the subject's age, weight, or socioeconomic status. These findings may be germane to prior clinical and epidemiologic observations relating anger expression and cardiovascular illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UCSD Medical Center, La Jolla 92093.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dimsdale
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta