title: Response of bone and cartilage cells to biomaterials in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: In vivo and in vitro models have been developed to study the bone/material interface. The in vivo model exploits the osteogenesis that accompanies marrow ablation of the rat tibia and uses morphological and biochemical changes in extracellular organelles, called matrix vesicles, as markers of the healing process. Matrix vesicles, which are associated with primary bone formation and calcification, are produced by osteoblasts and are sensitive to cellular and environmental regulation. In bone adjacent to bone-bonding implants, matrix vesicle number increases, as does its alkaline phosphatase activity. In bone adjacent to nonbonding materials, matrix vesicle activity is inhibited. The materials exert systemic effects which can also be studied by use of matrix vesicles. Cell models are needed in order for the specificity of the cellular response to the material to be understood. By the use of culture plates sputter-coated with implant materials, the response of cells can be studied under controlled conditions. Comparison of the response of costochondral chondrocytes at two stages of endochondral development demonstrates that the effects of various materials are surface- and cell-maturation-dependent. Cells cultured on Ti exhibited increased alkaline-phosphatase-specific activity, whereas those cultured on Al2O3 have decreased enzyme activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Boyan
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hambleton
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000201:enzymology*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology; D015040:Zirconium / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C009495:titanium dioxide; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; D010740:Phospholipases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C028541:zirconium oxide