title: Dose-dependent interleukin-3 stimulation of thrombopoiesis and neutropoiesis in patients with small-cell lung carcinoma before and following chemotherapy: a placebo-controlled randomized phase Ib study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety, tolerance, and hematologic effects of recombinant human interleukin-3 (IL-3) in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) before and following multiagent antineoplastic therapy in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients (22 men and six women; median age, 60 years) with previously untreated SCLC entered the study. Patients were assigned to six groups of escalating-dose IL-3 ranging from 0.25 to 10 micrograms/kg/d administered by continuous infusion for 7 days, with one patient in each group receiving placebo. After a 1-week interval, the first of three cycles of carboplatin, etoposide (VP16), and epirubicin (CVE) given every 3 weeks was administered. The second cycle of CVE was followed by 7 days of IL-3 administered at the same daily dose as administered during the first infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum-tolerated dose was not encountered in this study. Fever was the most frequently observed side effect. Before any chemotherapy, World Health Organization (WHO) grade II fever only appeared at doses > or = 2.5 micrograms/kg/d. Other side effects included rash, headache, and myalgia. During the first infusion of IL-3, before administration of chemotherapy, dose-dependent increases in peripheral-platelet counts (r = .613; P < .001) and neutrophil counts (r = .505; P = .007) were observed. Following the second cycle of CVE, recovery of peripheral platelet counts was faster as compared with the first cycle of CVE for patients treated with 7.5 and 10 micrograms/kg of IL-3 (P = .021). Chemotherapy postponements due to myelotoxicity were also less frequent following the second cycle of CVE as compared with the first for patients treated with > or = 2.5 micrograms/kg of IL-3 (P = .036). Compared with an age-matched historical group receiving identical chemotherapy (n = 191), administration of IL-3 did not modify either disease-free survival or overall patient survival rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-3 is well tolerated at doses up to 10 micrograms/kg/d. In the absence of chemotherapy, biologic effects on both neutrophils and platelets were seen at doses > or = 2.5 micrograms/kg/d. IL-3 infusion following the second cycle of CVE appears to reduce chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, but does not alter tumor response or patient survival rates.
authors.affiliation: UCL Clinical Oncology Group, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Hondt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weynants
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Humblet
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Canon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beauduin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duprez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Longueville
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müll
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chatelain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007377:Interleukin-3