title: Transvaginal ultrasonographic measurements of the fetal adrenal glands at 12 to 17 weeks of gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to compile normative data of fetal adrenal gland measurements between 12 and 17 weeks' gestation with transvaginal ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transvaginal ultrasonographic measurements of the fetal adrenal length and adrenal-to-kidney length ratio calculations were performed on 100 normal fetuses at 12 to 17 weeks' gestation. The diameters of the fetal adrenals and kidneys on each side were measured, and nomograms were generated. These parameters were also measured in two fetuses whose mothers were treated for congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The measurements of the maximal longitudinal axis of the right and left fetal adrenal glands showed a linear increase with fetal age between 12 and 17 weeks of gestation. The adrenal-to-kidney length ratio decreased linearly between these gestational ages. In maternal congenital adrenal hyperplasia treated with glucocorticosteroids the fetal adrenals were small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal adrenal gland measurements in the early second trimester show a linear progressive growth between 12 and 17 weeks' gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology A, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bronshtein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tzidony
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dimant
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hajos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Blumenfeld
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D014621:Vagina
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids