title: Cardiac failure and benzodiazepines.
abstract: Nine patients with stable cardiac failure and mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 30% were investigated. All had previously been prescribed a benzodiazepine hypnotic by their home physicians, but the medication had been discontinued for at least 1 month. Subjects were monitored under three conditions: 1) without any sleeping medication, 2) during nasal CPAP administration and 3) at two points during a month-long administration of the benzodiazepine that had initially been prescribed to them. Overall, the benzodiazepine hypnotic improved the sleep fragmentation noted in these patients by decreasing the arousal index from a mean of 18 +/- 6 per hour at baseline to a mean of 9 +/- 6.5 per hour after one month of benzodiazepine therapy. Total nocturnal sleep time was consequently improved [baseline mean nocturnal total sleep time: 313 +/- 27.3 minutes; benzodiazepine mean nocturnal total sleep time: 350 +/- 17.3 minutes (p < 0.0003)], as was sleep efficiency. However, the benzodiazepine hypnotic had no significant effect on central hypopneas or apneas [baseline mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI): 20.5 +/- 5.85 events/hour; mean RDI after 1 month of drug intake: 21.3 +/- 2.5 events/hour]. Nasal CPAP was also ineffective on the disordered breathing. In this group of subjects, respiration was even significantly worsened with nasal CPAP compared to baseline, as indicated by RDI (p < 0.0001), lowest SaO2 (p < 0.0001) and total nocturnal sleep time (p < 0.0001) measurements.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University Sleep Disorders Clinic and Research Center, California 94304.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guilleminault
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clerk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labanowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoohs
mesh_terms: D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines