title: Carboplatin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer: a phase II study using a pharmacokinetically guided dose schedule.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We performed a phase II study of single-agent carboplatin against metastatic/locally advanced breast cancer using a pharmacokinetically guided dose schedule, to define further the potential role for this agent in combination and high-dose therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with metastatic/locally advanced breast cancer were treated with carboplatin based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to achieve an area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) of 7 mg/mL.min, with each course repeated at 4-week intervals. The median age was 57 years (range, 37 to 71).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients achieved a partial response (PR), for an overall response rate of 25% (95% confidence interval, 13% to 41%). One of 13 (8%) previously treated patients responded compared with nine of 27 (33%) patients who had not received previous chemotherapy. Median response duration was 18 weeks (range, 10 to 68). World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 or greater toxicity was as follows: anemia, 42%; leukopenia, 20%; thrombocytopenia, 35%; nausea/vomiting, 39%; and infection, 9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms other reports indicating that carboplatin has moderate activity in previously untreated patients, but not in previously treated patients. In our view, carboplatin is a more appropriate agent than cisplatin for inclusion in high-dose chemotherapy schedules with autologous bone marrow rescue, and our results support the concept of calculating dose escalation on the basis of the area under the dose-response curve using the Calvert formula, rather than on surface area.
authors.affiliation: Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016190:Carboplatin