title: Effectiveness of thymostimulin and study of lymphocyte-dependent antibacterial activity in children with recurrent respiratory infections.
abstract: Recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) consist of more relapsing acute respiratory infections than the ones expected for the age [> 6 acute respiratory tract infections (RTI) per year if age is > 3 years, and > 8 acute RTI per year if age is < 3 years]. Concerning the pathogenesis of RRI, several investigations report the important role of environmental factors, early socialization and immunological dysfunctions, such as lymphocyte subpopulations alterations, IgG subclass deficiency and phagocytosis and/or opsonization deficit during acute infections. In this framework, we have studied the lymphocyte-dependent antibacterial activity (ABA) among 121 children affected by RRI. Results show a statistically significant alteration of this function in 38 children (31.4%): 19 of them exhibited an absent ABA (group 1), while in the others same function was reduced (group 2). A bovine thymic extract, thymostimulin, was administered to both groups by intramuscular injections (1 mg/kg) for a 3 month cycle. At the end of therapy we observed a statistical significant rise of ABA only in group 1 and among children aged > 3 years. Among the same patients, 33 children (86.8%) improved in terms of reduction of clinical score and better results were seen among children aged > 3 years. These data emphasize the beneficial role of thymostimulin in RRI-affected children, suggesting a transient immaturity of the immune system as one of the possible pathogenetic factor.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biomedicina, University of Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Mattia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Decandia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martire
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciccarelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caradonna
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ribaud
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jirillo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schettini
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D001770:Blood Bactericidal Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013949:Thymus Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D013949:Thymus Extracts; C031407:thymostimulin