title: Circumcision in children beyond the neonatal period.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although many boys are circumcised after the newborn period, there are limited data concerning the proportion of uncircumcised infants who subsequently have the procedure, as well as minimal information about characteristics of this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data and medical records of boys born in US Army hospitals from 1985 through 1992 were reviewed. General information regarding a portion of the 32,072 boys who were not circumcised during their neonatal hospitalization, but subsequently had the procedure, is reported. In addition, specific details are presented about 476 boys who were circumcised after their birth hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postneonatal circumcision frequency rate of these children increased significantly over this period (P < .0001), particularly after the 1989 American Academy of Pediatrics statement on circumcision. In general, most boys were not circumcised as neonates because of parental choice (55%) or because of a complicated neonatal course (32%). "Sleeve" and "freehand" resection were the most common methods of circumcision (93%), and general anesthesia was used in 91% of the boys. The mean age at postneonatal circumcision was 2.92 years. Common reasons for the ensuing procedure included parental choice (39%), coincidence with other surgery (27%), recurrent balanoposthitis (23%), and urinary tract infections (7%). Complications occurred in 8 of the 476 boys whose specific records were reviewed. These included excessive bleeding (3), malignant hyperthermia (2), aspiration pneumonia (1), large hematoma development (1), and postoperative fever (1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increasing number of boys are circumcised beyond the neonatal period, and the procedure performed at this time can be associated with substantial complications. This information may be of use when performing informed-consent counseling for neonatal circumcision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Wiswell
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tencer
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications