title: Rapid flow cytometric assay for the assessment of natural killer cell activity.
abstract: A new assay using flow cytometry has been established to assess natural killer (NK) lytic activity with common bench top instrumentation. This assay uses a cyanine membrane dye to stain live K562 target cells and an iodide nuclear dye to evaluate dead cells, and provides a method of reliably separating target and effector cell populations. Effector cells remain unstained (fluorescent negative) throughout the procedure. The damaged pre-labeled targets appear doubly stained as their membranes become permeable to the nuclear stain during incubation. Percent cytotoxicity of various effector:target cell ratios is discerned using flow cytometric analysis after a 2 h incubation in this new assay, as compared to 4 h with the 51Cr-release 'gold standard' assay for cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Comparisons of normal individuals tested in parallel with the fluorescent dyes and the 51Cr-release assay have shown direct correlations. This new two-color flow cytometric technique has proven to be uncomplicated and reproducible when used in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Center, Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA 92354.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gusewitch
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Chritton
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Folz
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Lebeck
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nehlsen-Cannarella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002232:Carbocyanines; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D007700:Kinetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C015843:3,3'-dipropyloxadicarbocyanine