title: The impact of mother-child interaction on the development of borderline personality disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two major psychodynamic theories of the etiology of borderline personality disorder posit two aspects of mother-child interaction as uniquely pathogenic: maternal over-involvement with the child and mismanagement and inappropriateness of maternal guidance and support of the child. This study is an attempt to examine these putative risk factors empirically, using epidemiologic methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mother-child interaction, father-child interaction, maternal personality, and adolescent diagnoses of personality disorders were measured on two occasions, 2.5 years apart, in a random sample of 776 adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal inconsistency in upbringing of the child predicted a persistence or an emergence of borderline personality disorder, but not of any other axis II disorder. However, this effect occurred only in the presence of high maternal overinvolvement. Neither maternal overinvolvement nor maternal inconsistency alone predicted emergence of borderline personality disorder. Pathological features of maternal personality did not account for the combined effect of maternal overinvolvement and inconsistency on borderline personality disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two child-rearing risk factors hypothesized to be important by two psychodynamic models of borderline personality disorder were found to be pathogenic only when they coexisted. Their effect could not be accounted for by the biological or environmental vulnerability represented by maternal borderline personality traits.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, NY.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bezirganian
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007207:Individuation; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies