title: Recombinant hirudin in patients with chronic, stable coronary artery disease. Safety, half-life, and effect on coagulation parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because the specific antithrombin hirudin prevents platelet-rich arterial thrombus and accelerates thrombolysis in a variety of animal models, it has promise as antithrombotic therapy. We therefore studied the half-life, effect on anticoagulant parameters, and safety of hirudin in patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight men and 1 woman (age [mean +/- SD], 60.4 +/- 6.9 years) with angiographic coronary disease were allocated in a single-blind ascending dosage study to a 6-hour i.v. infusion of recombinant hirudin (CGP 39,393) or matching placebo. The median terminal half-life for hirudin, measured by ELISA, was 2.7, 2.3, 2.9, 3.1, and 2.0 hours for the 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg.kg-1 x h-1 groups, respectively. Activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) at 3, 4, and 6 hours were averaged into a plateau value. The aPTT plateau-to-baseline ratios were 1.5 +/- 0.1, 2.0 +/- 0.1, 2.3 +/- 0.1, 2.7 +/- 0.1, and 2.9 +/- 0.1, respectively, with hirudin infused at 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg.kg-1 x h-1. From 62% to 77% of the aPTT plateau value was seen within 30 minutes of starting the infusions and was directly related to dose. The aPTT-to-baseline ratios correlated well with plasma hirudin levels (r = .88), whereas poor correlation and sensitivity were observed between plasma hirudin levels and activated coagulation time (ACT)-to-baseline ratios (r = .44). Plasma levels of hirudin and ACT in seconds correlated overall well (r = .80), but considerable overlap occurred between baseline ACT and ACT at plasma hirudin concentrations < 1000 ng/mL. Prothrombin times were significantly prolonged only at a dosage of > or = 0.05 mg.kg-1 x h-1 and were 11.8 +/- 0.5 (INR = 1.0), 12.3 +/- 0.7 (INR = 1.1), 13.3 +/- 1.2 (INR = 1.4), 14.2 +/- 0.4 (INR = 1.7), and 15.8 +/- 0.9 (INR = 2.3) seconds for each respective hirudin dosage. Thrombin times were beyond range (> 600 seconds) at 6 hours in all except 2 patients who received the lowest dosage. All parameters returned to baseline between 8 and 18 hours after the infusion. Bleeding times were not significantly prolonged. No side effects occurred. No antibodies to hirudin were detected 2 weeks after the infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recombinant hirudin has a terminal half-life of 2 to 3 hours. The aPTT correlates well with plasma levels of hirudin and allows close titration over a wide range of anticoagulation, while ACT and prothrombin time are relatively insensitive for monitoring hirudin administration. At anticoagulant levels effective in experimental thrombosis, a 6-hour infusion of hirudin is well tolerated and safe in a predominantly male group of patients with stable coronary atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zoldhelyi
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fuster
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cabot
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chesebro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001760:Bleeding Time; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D006629:Hirudins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D006629:Hirudins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins