title: Reconstruction of composite facial defects: the combined application of multiple reconstructive modalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the combined use of craniofacial skeletal reconstruction, tissue expansion and microvascular free tissue transfer in the repair of major composite facial defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series with an integrated team approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Craniofacial unit, university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cases were selected to best illustrate the combined use of the three modalities in reconstruction of acute traumatic, congenital and post-traumatic facial defects. A 15-year-old boy had a shotgun wound to the face; a 23-year-old man had Treacher Collins syndrome; and a 55-year-old woman had a post-traumatic composite defect of the central midface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperatively, complete neurologic, ophthalmologic and dental examinations, anthropometric analysis, prosthodontic assessment, computed tomography and computer graphics. Operatively, craniofacial exposure followed established surgical principles. Skeletal reconstruction was performed to provide accurate positioning of bony segments and three-dimensional stability. Bone grafting was used when necessary to restore bony continuity and increase stability. Tissue expansion was used to provide more locally available tissue for wound closure and resurfacing composite defects. Microsurgical free tissue transfer was used to provide functional replacement of deficient tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the modalities used for reconstruction of these composite facial defects are illustrated for each case described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of multiple modalities, including craniofacial skeletal reconstruction, tissue expansion and free tissue transfer, allow the surgeon to address the specific functional and anatomical requirements associated with composite facial defects that are characterized by a combined deficiency of multiple tissues in the craniofacial region.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Antonyshyn
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Paletz
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008342:Mandibulofacial Dysostosis / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D015626:Tissue Expansion / Q000379:methods; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000601:surgery