title: Lipopolysaccharide and a phorbol ester stimulate secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from alveolar macrophages through action on overlapping subsets of cells.
abstract: A cell-by-cell analysis of the secretory ability of stimulated, individual alveolar macrophages (AMs) was performed through use of a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Two functional end points were measured: the percentage of AMs that were TNF-alpha secretors and the cumulative amount of TNF-alpha secreted by AMs (average plaque area, microns 2). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 micrograms/ml) increased cumulative TNF-alpha release at both 7 and 20 h of incubation. On the other hand, a phorbol ester (phorbol myristate acetate, PMA) stimulated TNF-alpha release at 20 h of incubation but not at 7 h. Under nonstimulated culture conditions, 5-10% of all AMs released detectable TNF-alpha PMA (but not LPS) induced a significant increase in the fraction of AMs capable of releasing TNF-alpha (15.1 +/- 1.1% vs. 9.0 +/- 1.6%, PMA vs. control, P < .05). Differences in the time course of secreted TNF-alpha, together with the recruiting effect of PMA, suggest that LPS and PMA target TNF-alpha-secretory subpopulations of AMs that differ in number and secretory characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hehnke
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006462:Hemolytic Plaque Technique; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate