title: Neuron-specific enolase increases in cerebral and systemic circulation following focal ischemia.
abstract: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an isoform of the glycolytic enzyme, enolase, and is found in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. We evaluated cerebral immunohistologic and plasma changes in NSE in rats from 2 h to 15 days following permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 1-2 days post-MCAO, loss of NSE immunofluorescence from within neurons to the extracellular space was observed in the infarcted areas of all MCAO animals. NSE also was identified intravascularly throughout the brain following MCAO. NSE in plasma was determined by a specific radioimmunoassay. Plasma NSE following permanent or transient MCAO was increased significantly from that observed in controls (2.8 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) beginning at 2 h and persisting for 2.5 days post-MCAO (maximum levels of 8.8 +/- 0.9 to 9.6 +/- 0.5 ng/ml after 6-12 h; P < 0.05, n = 4-9). Quantified contralateral forelimb and hindlimb neurological deficits in these animals were significant and persisted for at least 15 days following MCAO but were not observed following sham surgery. These data suggest that MCAO-induced cortical infarction and neurological dysfunction is associated with neuronal depletion and vascular redistribution of brain NSE resulting in a measurable increase in plasma NSE. Such diffusion of NSE into the cerebral vasculature and systemic circulation from ischemic tissue can be expected to serve as a marker for the incidence of cerebral damage in acute and chronic ischemic brain infarcts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals plc, King of Prussia, PA 19406.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: G Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Storer
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ohlstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries; D005552:Forelimb; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D007839:Functional Laterality; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase