title: Personality disorders in DSM-III-R as categorical or dimensional.
abstract: Despite the atheoretical approach of the DSM-III-R, the personality disorders have their roots in specific theoretical schools. Due to clinical tradition, analogies with Axis I and the tradition in psychiatry and medicine, the personality disorders are presented as categories although there is more empirical support for a dimensional approach. This study attempted to determine whether the separate personality disorders meet Kendell's criteria for distinct entities, i.e., bimodality with distinct points of rarity. None of the personality disorders met the criteria for a distinct disease entity. Instead, all of the personality disorders presented as continuous, dimensional personality traits present among healthy subjects and more pronounced in patients with mental disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ekselius
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Knorring
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bodlund
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kullgren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics
chemical_list: D008094:Lithium