title: The effect of rheumatoid arthritis and steroid therapy on bone density in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the relative effects of disease activity, disability, and past and current use of corticosteroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety-five postmenopausal patients with RA were compared with 597 post-menopausal control subjects. Bone density was measured at the lumbar spine and the proximal femur using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to corticosteroid use, i.e., never users (61%), current users (21%), and ex-users (18%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, the never users had no difference in BMD at the lumbar spine, but a 6.9% reduction at the femur (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.4-10.3%). In current users (mean daily prednisolone dosage 6.9 mg), BMD was reduced by 6.5% at the spine (95% CI 0-13.0%) and by 7.4% at the hip (95% CI 1.2-13.6%) compared with never users, after adjustment for age, weight, duration of menopause, and functional disability. Mean BMD was similar in the ex-user and never user groups. Results were confirmed in 54 patients who had whole-body BMD measurements. There were inverse correlations between BMD and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (femoral BMD r = -0.23, P < 0.01; whole-body BMD r = -0.40, P < 0.01) and between BMD and cumulative steroid dose (femoral BMD r = -0.32, P < 0.01; whole-body BMD r = -0.72, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with RA is more evident at the hip than the spine, and the most important determinants of bone loss are disability and cumulative corticosteroid dose. Low-dose steroids cannot be used with complacency, but recovery after discontinuation of use may be possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jawad
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Doyle
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D011239:Prednisolone