title: Human neuroblastoma cell lines that express N-myc without gene amplification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  About one half of aggressive neuroblastomas lack N-myc amplification. Cell lines from such tumors are needed to determine the biological basis of aggressive tumor behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neuroblastoma cell lines were established from a primary tumor (SMS-LHN) and a bone marrow metastasis (LA-N-6) of two children with Stage IV neuroblastoma. Although both cell lines and their original tumors lacked N-myc genomic amplification, these patients died of progressive disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SMS-LHN and LA-N-6 can be distinguished from primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) lines by cell surface antigen expression and catecholamine production. Cytogenetic analysis of each cell line revealed unique genetic rearrangements, whereas both lines showed abnormalities involving chromosome 2. Neither cell line contained double-minute chromosomes, homogeneously staining regions, a 1p chromosomal deletion, or t(11;22). The growth rates of these two new lines in vitro and in vivo (as xenografts in nude mice) are slower than N-myc amplified neuroblastoma lines. Both lines express greater amounts of N-myc RNA and protein relative to nonneuroblastoma cell lines (including PNET), although not to the extent of cell lines with N-myc genomic amplification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relatively large amount of N-myc expression in these two new cell lines suggests that N-myc expression without amplification could play a role in the pathogenesis of some neuroblastomas. These cell lines should be useful for investigating mechanisms and consequences of N-myc gene activation other than genomic amplification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA 90027.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Brodeur
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Einhorn
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tomayko
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000032:analysis; D002455:Cell Division; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016259:Genes, myc; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D016501:Neurites / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002395:Catecholamines; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc