title: Peptide growth factors elicit estrogen receptor-dependent transcriptional activation of an estrogen-responsive element.
abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) elicits estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent physiological sequelae and estrogen-like biochemical effects on the ER in the mouse uterus. These in vivo observations indicate that EGF may elicit some of its actions by activation of the ER. The effect of peptide growth factors on activation of a consensus estrogen-responsive element was assessed in a strain of Ishikawa human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells with negligible levels of ERs, as determined by Western blot and [3H]estradiol binding, and in BG-1 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells, which contain abundant ERs. EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha induced transcriptional activation of a consensus ERE in an ER-dependent manner in both cell types. Transcriptional activation by the growth factors was inhibited by ICI 164,384, an ER receptor antagonist, and neutralizing antibodies to the EGF receptor. Immunodetection of the ER in BG-1 cells demonstrated that receptor levels were not induced by transforming growth factor-alpha vs. untreated cells. ER deletion mutants containing amino acids 1-339 and 121-599 were transfected into Ishikawa cells. The 1-339 mutant was more active in inducing transcription after EGF treatment than the 121-599 mutant. Estrogen only stimulated transcription in the presence of the 121-599 mutant, while 1-339 was inactive. Interestingly, synergism between a physiological dose of estrogen and peptide growth factors was observed. The presence of cross-talk between EGF receptor and ER signaling pathways suggests that interactions between growth factors and steroid receptors may modulate hormonal activity influencing normal and aberrant function in mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ignar-Trowbridge
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Korach
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McLachlan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D014819:Vitellogenins; D004958:Estradiol; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; C051781:ICI 164384