title: Carcinoma of the gallbladder: CT evaluation of lymphatic spread.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of positive nodes and to assess the ability of CT to demonstrate lymphatic spread.
  
  
  METHODS
  CT findings of lymph nodes in 51 patients with histologically proved gallbladder carcinoma were correlated with pathologic findings retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one of 51 patients (61%) had a total of 157 positive nodes, 60 (38%) of which were depicted at CT. A positive node was defined at CT as a soft-tissue mass with an anteroposterior dimension of at least 10 mm that showed ringlike or heterogeneous enhancement. These criteria had a positive predictive value of 75% for cystic nodes, 90% for pericholedochal nodes, 100% for posterosuperior pancreatoduodenal nodes, 100% for retroportal nodes, 88% for right celiac nodes, 100% for hepatic nodes, 100% for superior mesenteric nodes, and 83% for interaortocaval nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT does not reliably demonstrate all regional nodes of gallbladder carcinoma, but the criteria of size and pattern of enhancement reliably indicate lymphatic spread, which has an important bearing on disease staging and treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed