title: Perforation complicating balloon dilation of esophageal strictures in infants and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors retrospectively reviewed their experience with balloon dilation of esophageal strictures in infants and children to determine the prevalence of esophageal perforation during this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Balloon dilation was performed in 32 patients with esophageal stricture due to either congenital or postoperative stenosis. The total number of procedures was 141; each patient underwent one to 12 procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four cases of esophageal perforation occurred during balloon dilation and were detected immediately after the procedure. Perforation in three of these patients was treated nonoperatively with parenteral fluid and antibiotics, and one patient was treated surgically with resection and creation of an anastomosis. The clinical course after treatment was favorable in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although esophageal perforation during balloon dilation of benign strictures has been reported as a rare complication, four perforations were observed in 32 patients. Esophageal perforation can occur in infants and children more frequently than previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Korea.
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies