title: Multiple chemical sensitivity: controlled scientific studies as proof of causation.
abstract: Multiple chemical sensitivity is an environmental illness that demands exacting methods of diagnosis. Proposed associations between symptoms and specific substances, whether to one substance or to multiple chemicals, need to be critically examined through adequately designed scientific studies. Appropriate methods for controlled scientific study of adverse reactions to chemicals are discussed as well as the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) experience with aspartame as an example of the need for controlled scientific studies to refute or confirm anecdotal evidence. Since 1986 the FDA has received reports of 265 cases of epileptic seizures temporally associated with the ingestion of aspartame. Information obtained from the complainants' medical records as well as data on consumption patterns, temporal relationships, and challenge tests do not support the claim that the occurrences of the seizures are linked to consumption of aspartame. In addition, two double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover studies failed to demonstrate an association between epileptic seizures in children and adults and the ingestion of aspartame.
authors.affiliation: Division of Market Studies, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tollefson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001218:Aspartame / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D001218:Aspartame