title: Plymouth randomized trial of cardiotocogram only versus ST waveform plus cardiotocogram for intrapartum monitoring in 2400 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The physiology of changes in the ST waveform of the fetal electrocardiogram has been elucidated in extensive animal and human observational studies. A combination of heart rate and ST waveform analysis might improve the predictive value of intrapartum monitoring. Our purpose was to compare operative intervention and neonatal outcome in labors monitored by the conventional cardiotocogram with those monitored by ST waveform plus the cardiotocogram.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized clinical trial was performed on 2434 high-risk labors in a district general hospital in Plymouth, England. Statistical analysis was performed by Student t test and chi 2 analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a 46% reduction (p < 0.001, odds ratio 1.85 [1.35-2.66]) in operative deliveries for "fetal distress" and a trend to less metabolic acidosis (p = 0.09, odds ratio 0.38 [0.13-1.07]) and fewer low 5-minute Apgar scores (p = 0.12, odds ratio 0.62 [0.35-1.08]) in the ST waveform plus cardiotocogram arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ST waveform analysis discriminates cardiotocogram changes in labor, and the protocol for interpretation is safe. Further randomized studies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Postgraduate Medical School, Plymouth General Hospital, England.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westgate
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Curnow
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D015148:Cardiotocography; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005318:Fetal Heart; D005323:Fetal Monitoring; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care