title: Effect of epidermal growth factor on human sperm capacitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on human sperm capacitation and the involvement of protein phosphorylation in the regulation of the EGF action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human sperm were capacitated in modified Krebs-Ringer's bicarbonate medium of Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham in the presence of EGF and various agents known to phosphorylate the EGF receptor. The chlortetracycline fluorescence assay was used to monitor capacitated sperm. Capacitation was confirmed by the ability of sperm to undergo the acrosome reaction in response to solubilized mouse zonae pellucidae (ZP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 15 minutes, the appearance of the clear perimeter pattern increased significantly in the sperm treated with 100 ng/mL EGF compared with the controls. In EGF-treated sperm, the percent clear perimeter pattern remained stable for 3 hours without affecting the acrosome reaction pattern and the motility. Epidermal growth factor stimulated the appearance of the clear perimeter pattern at concentrations > 100 pg/mL. The stimulation by EGF was attenuated by the treatment with genistein, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, or thapsigargin. In sperm that were incubated in the presence of 100 ng/mL EGF for 30 minutes and further induced the acrosome reaction by mouse ZP, the percent acrosome reaction pattern increased significantly compared with the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidermal growth factor stimulates human sperm capacitation by activating the tyrosine kinase of the EGF receptor which is regulated by multisite phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nerima General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nozawa
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000187:drug effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D013729:Terpenes; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D019284:Thapsigargin; D019833:Genistein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases