Status epilepticus related to alcohol abuse.
We reviewed the case records of 249 adult patients with generalized convulsive status epilepticus (SE) examined in San Francisco General Hospital between 1977 and 1989 and identified 27 patients (10.8%) in whom alcohol abuse was the only identifiable precipitating cause of SE. In 12 patients (44% of the study group), SE was the first presentation of alcohol-related seizures. Seizures with focal features were observed in 11 patients (40.1%), but there was little correlation with localized computed tomography (CT) or EEG abnormalities. SE was controlled with phenytoin (PHT), with or without a benzodiazepine (BZD), in 18 patients (66.7%). Twenty-two patients (81.5%) were discharged with no new neurologic deficits, but time to recovery of baseline mental status was prolonged (> 12 h) in 24 patients. With regard to alcohol abuse history, study patients did not differ from a comparison group with isolated alcohol withdrawal seizures. The results indicate that alcohol abuse is a common cause of SE and that SE may be the first presentation of alcohol-related seizures. Furthermore, the outcome of patients with alcohol-related SE compares favorably with that of patients with SE due to other causes, but recovery of these patients may be complicated by a prolonged postictal state.
Alldredge
B K
BK
Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0870.
Lowenstein
D H
DH
D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015985:Precipitating Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000431:Ethanol; D010672:Phenytoin