title: The effect of intrapartum epidural analgesia on nulliparous labor: a randomized, controlled, prospective trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine the effect of epidural analgesia on nulliparous labor and delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal term nulliparous women in early spontaneous labor were randomized to receive either narcotic or epidural analgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with the group receiving narcotic analgesia (n = 45), the group receiving epidural analgesia (n = 48) had a significant prolongation in the first and second stages of labor, an increased requirement for oxytocin augmentation, and a significant slowing in the rate of cervical dilatation. Epidural analgesia was associated with a significant increase in malposition (4.4% vs 18.8%, p < 0.05). Cesarean delivery occurred more frequently in the epidural group (2.2% vs 25%, p < 0.05), primarily related to an increase in cesarean section for dystocia (2.2% vs 16.7%, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a randomized, controlled, prospective trial epidural analgesia resulted in a significant prolongation in the first and second stages of labor and a significant increase in the frequency of cesarean delivery, primarily related to dystocia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, MO.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thorp
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Albin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McNitt
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Yeast
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001034:Apgar Score; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007746:Labor Presentation; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000187:drug effects*; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011398:Promethazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010121:Oxytocin; D008614:Meperidine; D011398:Promethazine; D002045:Bupivacaine