title: Geographical distribution of preconceptional radiation doses to fathers employed at the Sellafield nuclear installation, West Cumbria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether the geographical distribution of births associated with preconceptional exposure of fathers to radiation at the Sellafield nuclear installation is consistent with the suggestion that this exposure explains the excess of childhood lymphoid malignancy in the adjacent village of Seascale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective birth cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cumbria, West Cumbria health district, and Seascale civil parish.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 10,363 children born in Cumbria during 1950-89 to fathers employed at Sellafield.
  
  
  METHODS
  The doses of external whole body ionising radiation received by fathers at Sellafield in the total time and in the six months before conception of their children; the proportions of the collective doses associated with Seascale and the rest of West Cumbria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  9256 children were born to fathers who had been exposed to radiation before the child's conception. Of these, 7318 had fathers who were exposed in the six months before conception. Overall 7% (38 person-Sv) of the collective total preconceptional dose and 7% (3 person-Sv) of the collective dose for the six months before conception were associated with children born in Seascale. Of all the children whose fathers worked at Sellafield, 842 (8%) were born in Seascale. The mean individual doses before conception were consistently lower in Seascale than in the rest of West Cumbria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distribution of the paternal preconceptional radiation dose is statistically incompatible with this exposure providing a causal explanation for the cluster of childhood leukaemias in Seascale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wakeford
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Binks
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McElvenny
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slovak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007953:Leukemia, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009688:Nuclear Reactors; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors