title: Posture and the spread of hyperbaric bupivacaine in parturients using the combined spinal epidural technique.
abstract: This study was undertaken to analyze the effect of posture on the spread of hyperbaric bupivacaine in pregnant women using a combined spinal extradural technique, and to assess the quality of analgesia provided by 10 mg bupivacaine when using this technique. Fifty parturients undergoing elective Caesarean section under regional anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive 2.0 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% in either the sitting or left lateral position. Spinal injection was performed with a 27 gauge, 120 mm long spinal needle using a single space combined spinal extradural technique. The onset time to analgesia at T4, and grade 3 motor block was on average 7.7 min and 6.9 min respectively in the lateral group, compared with 10.8 min (P < 0.05) and 9.4 min (P < 0.05) in the sitting group. Nine women in the sitting group and one woman (P < 0.05) in the lateral group required epidural supplementation. Hypotension occurred in 48% of the parturients in the lateral group and in 13% (P < 0.05) of the parturients in the sitting group. Nausea was noted in 61% of the parturients in the lateral group and in 22% (P < 0.05) of the parturients in the sitting group. There was no difference between the two groups in neonatal outcome. Overall, the position of the patient during induction of spinal anaesthesia does influence the rate of onset of analgesia and motor blockade. Injection of 10 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine in the sitting position would not provide adequate analgesia for Caesarean section when using a single space combined spinal extradural technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Samsoon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swami
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D001034:Apgar Score; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D009407:Nerve Block; D011187:Posture; D011247:Pregnancy; D011312:Pressure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine