title: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor as a tumor marker for epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the serum level of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in ovarian cancer patients in order to evaluate its role as a marker for ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels were assayed in 69 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, 55 with benign ovarian tumors, and 634 healthy individuals, including 398 women, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average serum macrophage colony-stimulating factor level was 754.4 +/- 153.9 U/mL in healthy females; 1056 U/mL (mean plus 1.96 standard deviations) was considered to be the upper limit of normal. Serum macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels were significantly elevated in patients with ovarian cancer (average 1460.5 +/- 1006.2 U/mL; P < .001) and exceeded 1056 U/mL in 42 of the 69 patients with ovarian cancer (61%). No differences in levels were observed among the histologic types. No definite relationship was found between serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and those of CA 125. We found that 96% of the patients with ovarian cancer had high serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and/or CA 125 values. There was no significant difference in the levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor between patients with benign ovarian tumors and healthy controls. Only 7.3% of the group with benign tumors had levels exceeding 1056 U/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a marker for ovarian cancer. Determination of serum levels can be useful in detecting ovarian cancer, particularly in combination with CA 125.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical School, School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohwada
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagatomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor