title: An analysis of risk factors for death and mode-specific death after aortic valve replacement with allograft, xenograft, and mechanical valves.
abstract: From September 1967 to January 1990, a total of 2100 patients underwent 2366 aortic valve replacements with a variety of allograft, xenograft, and mechanical valves. Concomitant procedures were performed in 764 patients. Actuarial survival at 12 years was 59.6% (70% confidence limits 57.8% to 61.4%). Hazard function for death was highest immediately after operation, falling to merge with a slowly rising phase of risk at approximately 3 months. Actuarial freedom from sudden death at 12 years was 88.0% (70% confidence limits 86.7% to 89.3%). The shape of the hazard function for sudden death was similar to that for death. Actuarial freedom from death with cardiac failure at 12 years was 87.9% (70% confidence limits 86.5% to 89.2%). The shape of the hazard function for death with cardiac failure was also similar to that for death. Risk factor analysis revealed the important deleterious impact on long-term survival resulting from impaired left ventricular structure and function because of aortic valve disease. No current-era valve used in this study (allograft, xenograft, or mechanical) was a risk factor for death. Both aortic wall disease and endocarditis necessitating aortic valve replacement substantially decreased long-term patient survival. Aortic valve replacement is advisable much earlier in the natural history of aortic valve disease before secondary left ventricular damage occurs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: McGiffin
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Galbraith
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: McLachlan
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pohlner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Early
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kear
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis