title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol gene mutations in an AIDS patient treated with multiple antiretroviral drugs.
abstract: Multiple mutations were found in the human immunodeficiency virus pol gene following treatment of an AIDS patient with antiretroviral drugs. After approximately 2.5 years of monthly alternating therapy with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), most of the pol sequences amplified from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA contained known AZT resistance mutations at codons 41, 67, and 215 and a putative ddC resistance mutation at codon 69 as well as other novel mutations. These mutations persisted for 6 months after the patient was switched to 2',3'-dideoxyinosine monotherapy. Mutations known to be associated with 2',3'-dideoxyinosine resistance did not occur during this time. Antiviral susceptibility testing of point mutants, introduced into the genetic background of laboratory strain NL4-3, showed that the codon 41 mutation antagonized ddC resistance when present with the codon 69 mutation. However, this antagonism was not found with a chimeric mutant containing the patient's pol gene sequence from codons 25 to 218, implying that other mutations compensated for the antagonism. Thus, alternating therapy with AZT and ddC resulted in the selection of viruses resistant to both drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Medicine and Denstistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fitzgibbon
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Farnham
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sperber
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Dubin
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D016049:Didanosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015751:Genes, pol / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013997:Time Factors; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D016047:Zalcitabine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015215:Zidovudine; D016047:Zalcitabine; D016049:Didanosine