title: Impairment of the arterial baroreflex during symptomatic and silent myocardial ischemia in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess whether transient episodes of symptomatic or silent myocardial ischemia after baroreceptor modulation of heart rate.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Animal and human studies have shown that myocardial infarction is accompanied by an impairment of the baroreceptor influences on the sinus node. However, whether this also occurs during transient myocardial ischemia has never been documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 patients undergoing coronary angiography, systolic blood pressure (intraarterial catheter) was reduced by an intravenous bolus of nitroglycerin during a spontaneous episode of transient chest pain and myocardial ischemia (ST segment depression on the electrocardiogram) and 30 min after recovery. The slope of the linear regression between the decrease in systolic blood pressure and the RR interval shortening was taken as the measure of baroreflex sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During ischemia, baroreflex sensitivity was 1.3 +/- 0.3 ms/mm Hg (mean +/- SEM), whereas after recovery it was markedly and significantly greater (2.6 +/- 0.5 ms/mm Hg, p < 0.01). Similar results were obtained in eight other patients who experienced a silent ischemic episode either spontaneously or during coronary angioplasty. The reduction in baroreflex sensitivity was similarly pronounced during inferior (10 patients) and anterior (10 patients) ischemia, and its magnitude showed little or no relation to the ischemia-dependent changes in blood pressure and heart rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transient myocardial ischemia is associated with marked baroreflex impairment. The impairment occurs even during symptomless ischemic episodes and is therefore not related to pain or to other nonspecific influences on the baroreflex.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pomidossi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perondi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gregorini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alessio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rimini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omboni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanchetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancia
mesh_terms: D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005996:Nitroglycerin