title: Myofibroblast-derived smooth muscle cells during remodelling of rabbit urinary bladder wall induced by partial outflow obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibrosis of serosa, along with smooth muscle (SM) cell hypertrophy, has been shown to occur in the rabbit bladder after partial outflow obstruction. Identification of cells involved in the serosal thickening can be of primary interest to elucidate the functional changes that this organ undergoes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytoskeletal protein composition of cells present in the thickened serosa at different times from the onset of obstruction (7, 15, 30 and 60 days) was evaluated. This was accomplished by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for a number of differentiation markers of mesenchymal cells (vimentin, desmin, alpha-actin of SM type, nonmuscle (NM) and SM myosins), and by immunocytochemical and immunochemical techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunocytochemical study revealed that cells in serosal thickening follow a two-step maturation process from pre-existing vimentin-positive cells. In the first time period (7 to 15 days of obstruction), these cells predominantly achieved an immunophenotype corresponding to that of a specific myofibroblast subtype (i.e., containing vimentin, NM myosin, and SM alpha-actin). After 30 days from the onset of obstruction, the cytoskeletal protein content of serosal cells, as also revealed by Western blotting experiments, shifted towards that of fetal-type SM cells (i.e., presence of vimentin, NM myosin, SM alpha-actin, and SM myosin isoforms). Distribution of vimentin, desmin, SM alpha-actin, and SM myosin in tissue culture as well as the ultrastructure in vivo very closely resembled that of SM cells. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation studies indicated that cells accumulated in the serosa of obstructed bladders did not derive, at least initially, from SM cells of the detrusor muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with the existence of a differentiation process in which resident mesenchymal cells of bladder serosa may transform to myofibroblasts and, subsequently, in fetal-type SM cells during experimental outflow obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buoro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrarese
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiavegato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roelofs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scatena
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pauletto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Passerini-Glazel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sartore
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003893:Desmin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009218:Myosins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D003893:Desmin; D014746:Vimentin; D009218:Myosins; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine