title: The current role of U tubes for benign and malignant biliary obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The recent experience with U tubes at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Lukes Medical Center was reviewed in order to assess their current role in hepatobiliary surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Transhepatic intubation by a variety of methods has been used routinely for biliary decompression and inhibition of anastomotic stricture since the 1960s. U tubes were popularized in the early 1970s. However, little has been written about their use and efficacy in recent years. Because of the apparent benefits associated with the use of U tubes versus other stenting techniques, the authors performed this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hospital and office charts of all patients who had U tubes placed between 1980 and 1992 were reviewed retrospectively. Between 1980 and 1992, U tubes were placed intraoperatively in 54 patients for biliary decompression and/or stenting. Twelve patients were operated on for benign causes of obstruction. Forty-two patients with malignant tumors underwent surgery for U tube placement in conjunction with or without tumor resection and anastomotic bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a 0% operative mortality rate in the benign group. In six patients, the U tube played a major role in the long-term management of their disease processes. None of these patients has had restricture since removal of the tube. In the malignant group, the 30-day operative mortality rate was 12%. After 3 months, marked clinical improvement and complete biliary decompression were achieved, with mean bilirubin levels dropping from 14.0 mg/dL to 1.3 mg/dL. No patients in the malignant group required reoperation for recurrent biliary obstruction after U tube placement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of U tubes is advocated for biliary decompression and/or anastomotic stenting in patients with benign stricture or resectable malignancy and in patients with nonresectable, malignant biliary obstruction for adequate palliation of intractable jaundice.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Rush Medical College, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Millikan
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Deziel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doolas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome