title: Rhinoscleroma: a growing concern in the United States? Mayo Clinic experience.
abstract: Rhinoscleroma is a chronic, progressive, granulomatous infection of the upper airways caused by the bacterium Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Although most cases occur in developing countries, recent immigration patterns have led to an increasing number of patients with rhinoscleroma in the United States. Rhinoscleroma may mimic various inflammatory and neoplastic processes, including leprosy, paracoccidioidomycosis, sarcoidosis, basal cell carcinoma, and Wegener's granulomatosis. Current therapy consists of a combination of surgical débridement and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Rhinoscleroma should be added to the list of opportunistic infections that can occur in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andraca
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Edson
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003646:Debridement; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012226:Rhinoscleroma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents