title: Multitude of inverted repeats characterizes a class of anchorage sites of chromatin loops to the nuclear matrix.
abstract: In order to understand the nature of DNA sequences that organize chromatin into domains or loops, we have cloned the nuclear matrix DNA (1.7% of the total DNA) from human myelogenous leukemia cells in culture. Nuclear matrix is formed by interactions between specific stretches of DNA of about 0.1 to 5.0 kb with protein transcription factors, nuclear enzymes, and structural proteins. Nuclear matrix is believed to be the exclusive nuclear microenvironment in which initiation of DNA replication, transcription, and repair take place. The matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA have transcriptional enhancer activity, harbor the origins of replication of the human genome, and define the borders between neighboring chromatin loops. In this study we report the sequence of the human MAR fragment 19.2 of a size of 542 bp. Hum. MAR 19.2 is composed of TG-, CA-, CT-, and GA-rich blocks and shows 8 perfect and imperfect inverted repeats. Thus, we have identified a novel class of MARs with sequence characteristics divergent from the AT-rich class of MARs. The inverted repeats of the 19.2 sequence might be stabilized into their cruciform configuration by torsional strain and by specific transcription/replication protein factors. This MAR might function in the initiation of replication of the flanking chromatin domain and in the regulation of the transcriptional activity of the gene(s) that reside in this domain.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medical Sciences, Palo Alto, California 94306.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boulikas
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D004915:Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015530:Nuclear Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004247:DNA