title: Antineutrophil and myocardial protecting actions of a novel nitric oxide donor after acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion of dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has recently been demonstrated that myocardial ischemia and reperfusion results in a marked decrease in the release of nitric oxide (NO) by the coronary endothelium. NO may possess cardioprotective properties, possibly related to inhibition of neutrophil-related activities. We tested the hypothesis that a cysteine-containing nitric oxide donor compound, SPM-5185, would reduce infarct size and inhibit neutrophil-related activities (adherence to coronary vascular endothelium, accumulation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effects of intracoronary infusion of SPM-5185 were investigated in a 5.5-hour model of myocardial ischemia (1 hour) and reperfusion (4.5 hours) (MI-R) in anesthetized, open-chest dogs. SPM-5185 (500 nmol/L) or saline vehicle was infused for 4.5 hours into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) at the time of reperfusion after 1 hour of LAD occlusion. MI-R in dogs receiving saline vehicle resulted in severe myocardial injury characterized by dyskinesis, a profound elevation of plasma creatine kinase, marked myocardial necrosis, and high cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the ischemic and necrotic zones. In contrast, treatment with SPM-5185 resulted in a modest restoration of regional function, a reduction of myocardial necrosis expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (12.5 +/- 3.2% versus 41.7 +/- 5.4%, P < .001), and significant reductions of MPO activity in the ischemic zone (0.8 +/- 0.1 versus 2.5 +/- 0.7 U/100 mg tissue, P < .05) and the necrotic zone (1.6 +/- 0.2 versus 3.3 +/- 0.6 U/100 mg tissue, P < .05). In additional studies, SPM-5185 (500 nmol/L) significantly (P < .001) attenuated the adherence of LTB4-stimulated canine neutrophils to autologous segments of coronary artery and attenuated the neutrophil-induced contraction of isolated coronary arterial rings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPM-5185 reduces myocardial necrosis and neutrophil accumulation in an acute model of canine myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. This reduction in myocardial cell injury may be partially related to the inhibitory actions of this novel NO donor on neutrophil adherence to the coronary endothelium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lefer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinten-Johansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; C076992:N-nitratopivaloyl-S-(N'-acetylalanyl)-cysteine ethyl ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009195:Peroxidase; D003402:Creatine Kinase