title: Milking the 30,000-pound herd.
abstract: The principles for milking the 13,600-kg (30,000-lb) cow are the same as for any other dairy cow: she should be milked gently, quickly, and completely with minimal machine stripping or over-milking. The application of these principles may differ, however, because high producing cows have 1) lower premilking stimulus requirements than low producers, 2) higher peak milking rates and higher average flow rates (yet longer times to milkout), 3) higher incidence of teat orifice lesions such as hyperkeratosis, and 4) higher risk of new mastitis infections. Existing national and international standards for construction and performance of milking systems may not be adequate to manage the higher expected flow rates through the milking unit and milklines. Such standards need to be reviewed and perhaps revised to ensure appropriate sizing and flow characteristics based on sound engineering principles and physiological requirements. Milking four times per day increases daily milk production compared with twice per day, and milking eight times per day increased daily production compared with four times per day. Cows milked more than four times per day might not require complete milking out at every milking. More frequent milking (or milking on demand) may be achieved with robot milkers, provided that robots can match the reliability of human milkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Mein
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control