title: Endotoxin increases parathyroid hormone-related protein mRNA levels in mouse spleen. Mediation by tumor necrosis factor.
abstract: Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) causes hypercalcemia in malignancy. However, the role and regulation of PTHrP in normal physiology is just beginning to be explored. PTHrP is found in the spleen and has several other features common to cytokines. Since endotoxin (LPS) causes many of its effects indirectly by inducing cytokines, studies were undertaken to determine whether LPS might also induce splenic PTHrP expression. LPS (100 ng/mouse) increased splenic PTHrP mRNA levels 3.6-fold in C3H/OuJ mice. This effect was maximal at 2 h and returned to baseline by 4 h. PTHrP peptide levels also increased 3.3-fold in splenic extracts in response to LPS (1 microgram/mouse). Murine TNF-alpha and human IL-1 beta, cytokines that mediate many of the effects of LPS, also increased splenic PTHrP mRNA levels. LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice, which produce minimal amounts of TNF and IL-1 in response to LPS, were resistant to LPS induction of splenic PTHrP mRNA, while TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta readily increased PTHrP mRNA levels in C3H/HeJ mice. Anti-TNF antibody blocked LPS induction of splenic PTHrP mRNA in C3H/OuJ mice by 68%, indicating that TNF is a mediator of the LPS induction of PTHrP levels. In contrast, an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was ineffective. The increase in PTHrP in the spleen during the immune response suggests that PTHrP may play an important role in immune modulation, perhaps by mediating changes in lymphocyte proliferation and/or function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Krul
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shigenaga
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Strewler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grunfeld
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Feingold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013154:Spleen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger