title: Comparison of total DNA adduct levels induced in mouse tissues and human skin by mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke condensates.
abstract: Cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) of both mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) smoke were used to treat mice topically in equivalent amounts. Human skin maintained in short-term culture was also treated with the condensates. DNA adducts, induced by the CSCs and detected by the nuclease P1 method of 32P-postlabelling, were quantified in a number of murine tissues and in the human skin DNA. In the five mouse tissues studied both MS-CSC and SS-CSC produced characteristic diagonal radioactive zones on TLC, indicative of the formation of multiple DNA adducts. In three tissues (skin, lung and kidney), SS-CSC induced greater total adduct levels than MS-CSC (statistically significant in skin and kidney, p < 0.05). However, greater adduct levels induced by MS-CSC were recorded for heart and bladder DNA (not statistically significant). Similar results to those found in mouse skin were obtained with human skin; SS-CSC induced a approximately 2-fold greater level of DNA adducts than MS-CSC (p < 0.05). Incubation of DNA directly with condensates in vitro demonstrated that DNA adducts could be formed without an exogenous metabolizing system. This direct interaction of condensates with DNA occurred at similar levels for both MS- and SS-CSC, although inclusion of an oxygen radical-generating system enhanced the SS-CSC binding to a greater extent than that of the MS-CSC.
authors.affiliation: Haddow Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hewer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grimmer
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D012906:Smoke; D004247:DNA