title: Mortality Probability Models (MPM II) based on an international cohort of intensive care unit patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To revise and update models in the Mortality Probability Model (MPM II) system to estimate the probability of hospital mortality among 19,124 intensive care unit (ICU) patients that can be used for quality assessment within and among ICUs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Models developed and validated on consecutive admissions to adult medical and surgical ICUs in 12 countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12,610 patients for model development, 6514 patients for model validation. Patients younger than 18 years and burn, coronary care, and cardiac surgery patients were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vital status at hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The admission model, MPM0, contains 15 readily obtainable variables. In developmental and validation samples it calibrated well (goodness-of-fit tests: P = .623 and P = .327, respectively, where a high P value represents good fit between observed and expected values) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.837 and 0.824, respectively). The 24-hour model, MPM24 (developed on 10,357 patients still in the ICU at 24 hours), contains five of the admission variables and eight additional variables easily ascertained at 24 hours. It also calibrated well (P = .764 and P = .231 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.844 and 0.836 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among severity systems for intensive care patients, the MPM0 is the only model available for use at ICU admission. Both MPM0 and MPM24 are useful research tools and provide important clinical information when used alone or together.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemeshow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teres
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klar
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Avrunin
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gehlbach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006302:Health Services Research; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009511:New England; D011336:Probability