title: Insulin-like growth factor-1 therapy in diabetes: physiologic basis, clinical benefits, and risks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and to discuss the clinical benefits and risks of using it in patients with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recent publications identified through a MEDLINE search using relevant keywords.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selected studies on the metabolic effects and kinetic mechanisms of in vitro IGF-1 and existing literature on the effects of IGF-1 on glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo with special emphasis on data from humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The substantial stimulatory effect of IGF-1 on glucose uptake suggests that, in selected clinical situations, the drug may be an alternative to standard treatment of diabetes. Metabolic control in patients with extreme insulin resistance is improved after using IGF-1. Moreover, patients with type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes who receive IGF-1 have improved glucose tolerance and decreased hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The complications associated with long-term administration of IGF-1 are unknown but might include the progression of certain neoplasms and diabetic complications, such as nephropathy and retinopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin-like growth factor-1 may be a useful adjunct for treatment of diabetes and may even be the drug of choice in some patients with extreme insulin resistance who have metabolic emergencies. However, further data are needed to evaluate the risks and benefits of IGF-1 use in diabetes and in other states associated with impaired insulin action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kolaczynski
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Caro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I