title: Influence of sleep on alae nasi EMG and nasal resistance in normal men.
abstract: The influence of sleep on the upper airway musculature varies considerably, with some muscles maintaining their activity at waking levels and others falling substantially. The influence of sleep on the alae nasi (AN), a dilator muscle of the nasal airway, has been minimally studied to date. Thus we determined the effect of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep on the AN electromyogram and its relationship to nasal resistance (Rn) in nine normal supine males. Phasic inspiratory AN activity decreased from 20 +/- 6 arbitrary units during wakefulness to 5 +/- 1 arbitrary units (P < 0.001) at the onset of stage 2 NREM sleep and remained unchanged for two subsequent hours of NREM sleep. However, the Rn at the onset of NREM sleep remained similar to awake values (5.7 +/- 0.9 cmH2O.l-1 x s) and increased only after 1 h of NREM sleep (8.6 +/- 1.7 cmH2O.l-1 x s, P < 0.05), thus demonstrating little relationship to AN activity. We conclude that Rn increases slightly after 1 h of sleep, whereas AN activity decreases at stage 2 sleep onset. Thus AN activity has little influence on Rn during sleep.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Colorado.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wheatley
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tangel
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Mezzanotte
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D000758:Anesthesia; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine