title: Past, present, and future for surgical needles and needle holders.
abstract: During the last two decades, major advances in surgical needle and needle holder technology have markedly improved surgical wound repair. These advances include quantitative tests for surgical needle and needle holders performance, high nickel maraging stainless steels, compound curved needles, needle sharpening methods, laser-drilled holes for swages, needle:suture ratios of 1:1, and the atraumatic needle holder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Edlich
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Rodeheaver
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009339:Needles; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013537:Sutures