title: Absence of an effect of high vitamin C dosage on the systemic availability of ethinyl estradiol in women using a combination oral contraceptive.
abstract: Previous studies in small numbers of women have suggested that the administration of gram quantities of ascorbic acid interferes with the conversion of ethinyl estradiol (EE2) to its sulfates, leading to higher blood levels of EE2. The possibility of such potentiation has been investigated in 37 women using a combination monophasic oral contraceptive (30 micrograms EE2 and 150 micrograms levonorgestrel) for two consecutive cycles. Concomitant daily administration of 1 g ascorbic acid taken 1/2 hour before OC intake, was randomly assigned to the first or second cycle of OC use. On the first and 15th day of OC intake, blood samples were drawn 11 times over a 12-hour interval and Cmax and AUC(0-12 h) calculated. On pill days 10 and 21, only 6-hour post-intake samples were obtained. Samples were analyzed for levels of ascorbic acid, free and sulfated ethinyl estradiol (and a number of other parameters). Cmax and AUC values for EE2 and EE2-sulfate in cycles with and without ascorbic acid were evaluated statistically by the Grizzle model for days 1 and 15 and the ratios of day 15/day 1 for each of the substances. No effect of ascorbic acid was observed (alpha = 0.05, 1-beta = 0.9). Only on day 15 was there a significantly lower AUC for EE2-sulfate in the presence of ascorbic acid intake. Thus, the competition between ascorbic acid and EE2 for sulfation does not lead to an increased systemic availability of EE2 and is, therefore, unlikely to be of any clinical importance. Ascorbic acid can, therefore, be removed from the list of drugs interfering with the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol.
authors.affiliation: Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64108.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Zamah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hümpel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kuhnz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Louton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Back
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid