title: Carboplatin pharmacokinetics in children: the development of a pediatric dosing formula. The United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to define the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin in children and use the data to develop a pediatric dose formula. It was anticipated that renal function would be a major determinant of carboplatin disposition and the relationship between carboplatin clearance and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was examined in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma carboplatin pharmacokinetics were measured as ultrafiltrable platinum in 22 patients (5 to 63 kg) following 200 to 1,000 mg/m2 of carboplatin. GFR was measured by the plasma clearance of chromium 51-edathamil (51Cr-EDTA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carboplatin pharmacokinetics in children were best described in most patients (16 of 22) by a two-compartment model. The dose-normalized area under the plasma carboplatin concentration versus time curve (AUC) ranged from 3.1 to 9.6 mg/mL.min/400 mg/m2 and there was only a weak linear relationship between carboplatin dose and AUC (R2 = .31). There was a significant relationship between absolute carboplatin and 51Cr-EDTA clearances (R2 = .56), but the relationship was weaker (R2 = .28) when both clearances were normalized for body surface area. Carboplatin plasma clearance was predicted by the equation: clearance = GFR (mL/min) + 0.36 x body weight (BW; kg), and a modified form of the adult carboplatin dose formula is proposed: dose (mg) = target AUC x (GFR [mL/min] + [0.36 x BW(kg)]). Two further equations were developed that use the 51Cr-EDTA half-life (t1/2) to calculate the GFR and these may reduce errors resulting from inaccurate measurement of the volume of distribution for 51Cr-EDTA. In patients treated with single-agent carboplatin or carboplatin plus vincristine, there was a significant sigmoidal relationship between AUC and thrombocytopenia (R2 = .56).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GFR-based carboplatin dosing in children should be feasible and will be evaluated prospectively.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Unit, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balmanno
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wyllie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keir
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pinkerton
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D004492:Edetic Acid; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D004492:Edetic Acid; D016190:Carboplatin