title: cAMP antagonizes p21ras-directed activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and phosphorylation of mSos nucleotide exchange factor.
abstract: In fibroblasts, stimulation of receptor tyrosine kinases results in the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2). The major signalling pathway employed by these receptors involves the activation of p21ras and raf-1 kinase. Here we show that in NIH3T3 and rat-1 fibroblasts, elevation of the intracellular cAMP level results in the inhibition of ERK2 activation induced by PDGF, EGF and insulin treatment. Analysis of various signalling intermediates shows that cAMP interferes at a site downstream of p21ras, but upstream of raf-1 kinase. Inhibition by cAMP depends on both the cAMP concentration and the absolute amount of p21ras molecules bound to GTP, suggesting a mechanism of competitive inhibition. Also TPA-induced, p21ras-independent, activation of raf-1 kinase and ERK2 is inhibited by cAMP. We have used the inhibitory effect of cAMP to investigate whether phosphorylation of mSos, a p21ras nucleotide exchange factor, is dependent on the activity of the raf-1 kinase/ERK2 pathway. We found that phosphorylation of mSos, as monitored by a mobility shift, is delayed with respect to p21ras and ERK2 activation and is inhibited by cAMP in a similar cell type- and concentration-dependent manner as the inactivation of ERK2. These results provide evidence for a model of p21ras-directed signalling towards ERK2 that feeds back on mSos by regulating its phosphorylation status and that can be negatively modulated by protein kinase A and positively modulated by protein kinase C action.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Burgering
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Pronk
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Weeren
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chardin
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020664:Son of Sevenless Proteins
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020664:Son of Sevenless Proteins; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)