title: The effects of auditory feedback from the nucleus cochlear implant on the vowel formant frequencies produced by children and adults.
abstract: Cochlear implants provide an auditory signal with which profoundly deaf users may monitor their own speech production. The vowel production of two adults and three children who used the Nucleus multiple-electrode cochlear implant was examined to assess the effect of altered auditory feedback. Productions of words were recorded under conditions where the talkers received auditory feedback (speech processor turned on) and where no auditory feedback was provided (speech processor turned off). Data were collected over 3 days at weekly intervals. First and second formant frequencies were measured and the data were analysed to assess significant differences between auditory feedback conditions, vowel context, and data collection points. Overall, the results varied across talkers, across the data collection days, and depended on the consonant environment of the vowel. However, two effects of auditory feedback were noted. First, there was a generalized shift in first formant frequencies between the processor on and processor off conditions across three of the five subjects, but the shift differed in direction for each subject. Second, for three of the five talkers, the two front vowels /epsilon/ and /i/ were more neutralised in the absence of auditory feedback. However, this effect was less pronounced than that noted by previous studies.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Busby
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Blamey
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dowell
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D017626:Cochlear Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics