title: The HLA polymorphism of two distinctive South-American Indian tribes: the Kaingang and the Guarani.
abstract: The HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens of 240 Kaingang and 98 Guarani individuals have been characterized. The most frequent antigens found among the Kaingang are A31, 2, 24; B35, 51, 39, 48; Cw4, 7, 3, 1; DR8, 4, 2; DQ blank, 3. In the Guarani, they are A2, 28, 31; B40, 62, "53G"; Cw3, 4; DR2, 4, 8, 6; DQ3, blank. B " 53G" is an unusual antigen of the B5 cross-reactive group. DQ blank possibly corresponds to DQ4, not tested in this study. The reaction patterns of B35, B40 and DR4 indicate intra-tribal (of B35 and B40), and inter-tribal (DR4, B40 and B35) heterogeneity of these antigens. 408 Kaingang and 141 Guarani haplotypes were defined by segregation analysis. Of the commonest 10 Guarani and 9 Kaingang haplotypes, only one is shared by both tribes. Significant, positive linkage disequilibrium values for HLA-A,B; HLA-A,C; HLA-B,DR and most HLA-B,C antigen pairs were also different for the two populations. Genetic distance estimates between these two and another seven South-American Indian populations, and relative to the major human races (negroids, caucasoids, and mongoloids) reveal a comparatively high degree of divergence between the Kaingang and the Guarani, which is uncommon for Amerindian populations living close one to another.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Petzl-Erler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Sotomaior
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000235:genetics*; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000235:genetics*; D008393:Marriage; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens