title: Effects of consecutive protected specimen brushing and bronchoalveolar lavage on gas exchange and hemodynamics in ventilated patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess cardiovascular effects and the oxygenation status of mechanically ventilated patients undergoing protected specimen brushing (PSB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) under fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polyvalent intensive care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve consecutive, critically ill, intubated, and mechanically ventilated patients with hemodynamic failure requiring invasive monitoring with an indwelling radial artery catheter and indwelling Swan-Ganz catheter were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemodynamic measurements, arterial and mixed-venous blood gas analyses, and arterial blood lactate analysis were performed before and at the end of a 10-min period of mechanical ventilation with a fractional concentration of oxygen in the inspired gas (FIO2) of 1.0. The same measurements and blood samplings were repeated at the end of the PSB procedure, at the end of the BAL procedure, and 1 h after the end of the BAL. During the study period the ECG, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and mixed-venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) were continuously monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A moderate increase in both mean arterial pressure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure was observed during the FOB procedure (p < 0.05). One hour after the end of BAL, the PaO2 decreased when compared with values recorded at the beginning of the procedure with the same FIO2 (p < 0.05). An increase in intrapulmonary shunt was observed at the end of BAL (p < 0.01). A moderate increase in PaCO2 was also observed after PSB (p < 0.05) and after BAL (p < 0.01). Monitoring of SaO2 permitted us to observe a significant and sustained decrease after the end of the FOB procedure from 10 to 60 min. The decrease in SvO2 was less pronounced but reached statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that PSB and BAL under FOB are well tolerated in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients with hemodynamic disturbances requiring inotropic or vasopressor agents (or both); however, a modest impairment in arterial oxygenation was observed after the end of the FOB procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseilles, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Papazian
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Colt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scemama
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gouin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data