title: A fast and highly sensitive method for detecting freemartinism in bovine twins using immunomagnetic beads and Y-specific PCR primers.
abstract: A method for detecting male cells in the blood of the female calf in bovine heterosexual twin pregnancies has been established. Nucleated cells were isolated from full blood by immunomagnetic separation, lysed by boiling and then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with Y chromosome specific primers. Diagnosis was achieved within one day. The method was successfully used on blood samples that had been stored at +4 degrees C for more than one month. Dilution of male blood in female blood showed that XY cells were detectable down to a concentration of 0.1%. This method should be amenable to automatization and can be adapted to any PCR-based genetic test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Genetics and Aquatic Biology, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olsaker
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hellemann
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D004247:DNA; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005611:Freemartinism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014427:Twins; D014998:Y Chromosome
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004247:DNA