title: The medium frequency (7.5 MHz) ultrasound image characteristics of cattle skin.
abstract: The medium frequency (7.5 MHz) ultrasound images of cattle skin, as a model for other domestic animals, are described and compared with the published information for human skin. Although some difficulties are apparent in identifying the skin surface and therefore measuring tissue thicknesses, the papillary and reticular layers of cattle skin, about 2 and 4 mm thick, respectively, can be differentiated using a water standoff with a vegetable oil coupling medium. The difference in echo intensities and patterns between these dermal components supports the concept that ultrasound tissue characterisation using higher frequencies may prove to be a useful non-invasive procedure in livestock production and veterinary science. However, a detailed protocol is required. Care is needed in the choice of ultrasound coupling medium for good resolution of cattle skin. Higher frequency ultrasound equipment would be necessary for imaging the skin of small animals. Potential applications of this new technology are discussed.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Head
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012867:Skin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography