title: The ethics of medical involvement in torture.
abstract: The difficulties of establishing a definition of torture are discussed, and a definition is suggested. It is then argued that, irrespective of general ethical questions, doctors in particular should never be involved because of their social role.
authors.affiliation: Glasgow University, Scotland.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Downie
mesh_terms: D032781:Codes of Ethics; D028661:Complicity; D026689:Ethical Analysis; D028663:Ethical Theory; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D009014:Morals; D010819:Physician's Role; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014104:Torture