title: 3-Nitro-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolones. Excitatory amino acid antagonists acting at glycine-site NMDA and (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors.
abstract: 3,4-Dihydro-2(1H)-quinolones, evolved from 2-carboxy-1,2,3,4,- tetrahydroquinolines and 3-carboxy-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolones, have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for antagonist activity at the glycine site on the NMDA receptor and for AMPA [(RS)-alpha-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid] antagonist activity. Generally poor potency at the glycine site is observed when a variety of electron-withdrawing substituents are attached to the 3-position of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolones. The analogues 5-9 (IC50 values > 100 microM, Table I) exist largely in the 3,4-dipseudoaxial conformation (as evidenced by 1H NMR spectra), whereas the 3-cyano derivative (10, IC50 = 12.0 microM) has a relatively high population of the 3-pseudoequatorial conformer. The 3-nitro analogue (4, IC50 = 1.32 microM) has a pKa approximately 5 and thus exists at physiological pH as an anion with the nitro group planar to the quinolone ring. The general requirement of acidity for high affinity binding at the glycine/NMDA site is supported with the good activity of the other 3-nitro derivatives (13-21), all of which are deprotonated at physiological pH. The 3-nitro-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolones and 2-carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines show quite different structure-activity relationships at the 4-position. The unselective excitatory amino acid activity of 21 is comparable with 6,7-dichloro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione and 6,7-dichloroquinoxalic acid and this suggests similarities in their modes of binding to excitatory amino acid receptors. The broad spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist activity of the 4-unsubstituted analogue 21 (KbNMDA = 6.7 microM, KbAMPA = 9.2 microM) and the glycine/NMDA selectivity of the other 3-nitro derivatives allows the proposal of a model for AMPA receptor binding which differs from the glycine binding pharmacophore in that there is bulk intolerance adjacent to the 4-position. Compound 21 (L-698,544) is active (ED50 = 13.2 mg/kg) in the DBA/2 mouse anticonvulsant model and is the most potent combined glycine/NMDA-AMPA antagonist yet reported, in vivo, and may prove to be a useful pharmacological tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Harlow, Essex, U.K.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Carling
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Leeson
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Moyes
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Mawer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D015363:Quinolones; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D005998:Glycine