title: Spear tackler's spine. An entity precluding participation in tackle football and collision activities that expose the cervical spine to axial energy inputs.
abstract: We describe spear tackler's spine, a clinical entity that constitutes an absolute contraindication to participation in tackle football and other collision activities that expose the cervical spine to axial energy inputs. A subset of football players were identified who demonstrated: 1) developmental narrowing (stenosis) of the cervical canal; 2) persistent straightening or reversal of the normal cervical lordotic curve on erect lateral roentgenograms obtained in the neutral position; 3) concomitant preexisting posttraumatic roentgenographic abnormalities of the cervical spine; and 4) documentation of having employed spear tackling techniques. From data obtained by the National Football Head and Neck Injury Registry and the senior author's practice, 15 cases of spear tackler's spine were identified during 1987 to 1990. All 15 cases were evaluated because of complaints referable to the cervical spine or brachial plexus resulting from football injuries. Of these, 11 had complete neurologic recovery without permanent sequelae. Four cases resulted in permanent neurologic deficits: quadriplegia, 2; incomplete hemiplegia, 1; and residual long track signs, 1. Permanent neurologic injury occurred as the result of axial loading of a persistently straightened cervical spine from use of head-impact playing techniques. We suggest that individuals who possess the aforementioned characteristics of spear tackler's spine be precluded from participation in collision activities that expose the cervical spine to axial energy inputs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Torg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sennett
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pavlov
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Glasgow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009431:Neural Conduction; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000209:etiology; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical