title: Slow and incomplete inactivations of voltage-gated channels dominate encoding in synthetic neurons.
abstract: Electrically excitable channels were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells using a vaccinia virus vector system. In cells expressing rat brain IIA Na+ channels only, brief pulses (< 1 ms) of depolarizing current resulted in action potentials with a prolonged (0.5-3 s) depolarizing plateau; this plateau was caused by slow and incomplete Na+ channel inactivation. In cells expressing both Na+ and Drosophila Shaker H4 transient K+ channels, there were neuron-like action potentials. In cells with appropriate Na+/K+ current ratios, maintaining stimulation produced repetitive firing over a 10-fold range of frequencies but eventually led to "lock-up" of the potential at a positive value after several seconds of stimulation. The latter effect was due primarily to slow inactivation of the K+ currents. Numerical simulations of modified Hodgkin-Huxley equations describing these currents, using parameters from voltage-clamp kinetics studied in the same cells, accounted for most features of the voltage trajectories. The present study shows that insights into the mechanisms for generating action potentials and trains of action potentials in real excitable cells can be obtained from the analysis of synthetic excitable cells that express a controlled repertoire of ion channels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: X C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karschin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Labarca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lester
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D015222:Sodium Channels; D004247:DNA