title: Randomized trial of silver nitrate, erythromycin, and no eye prophylaxis for the prevention of conjunctivitis among newborns not at risk for gonococcal ophthalmitis. Eye Prophylaxis Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of commonly used forms of eye prophylaxis for newborns with no prophylaxis in the prevention of nongonococcal conjunctivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized doubly masked clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of Washington Hospital and affiliated clinics, Seattle, between 1985 and 1990.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 8499 women were evaluated for possible participation; 2577 were eligible. Of the 758 enrolled, the infants of 630 were evaluable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of silver nitrate, erythromycin, and no eye prophylaxis given at birth for the prevention of conjunctivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conjunctivitis during the first 60 days of life and nasolacrimal duct patency in the first 2 days of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of impatent tear ducts at the 30- to 48-hour examination did not differ significantly by prophylaxis group. Among the 630 infants randomized and observed, 109 (17%) developed mild conjunctivitis. Sixty-nine (63%) of the cases appeared during the first 2 weeks of life. After 2 months of observation, infants allocated to silver nitrate eye prophylaxis at birth had a 39% lower rate of conjunctivitis (hazard ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.39 to 0.97), and those allocated to erythromycin had a 31% lower rate of conjunctivitis (hazard ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval = 0.44 to 1.07), than did those allocated to no prophylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silver nitrate eye prophylaxis caused no sustained deleterious effects and even provided some benefit to infants born to women without Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, the effect was modest and against microorganisms of low virulence. The results suggest that parental choice of a prophylaxis agent including no prophylaxis is reasonable for women receiving prenatal care and who are screened for sexually transmitted diseases during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Grayston
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Krohn
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kronmal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004917:Erythromycin; D012835:Silver Nitrate