title: Ca-efflux, from direct membrane injury by CCl4, is elicited by amphiphilic vehicles in vitro.
abstract: Direct membrane injury by CCl4, in situations excluding metabolic activation, was evaluated in saponin-permeabilized hepatocytes and in microsomes by measuring immediate Ca2+ efflux. A good correlation appears between the Ca2+ efflux and the level of CCl4 in the membrane and also the variations in fluidity. Mixtures of CCl4 with water-soluble vehicles were used to improve the dispersion of CCl4 in the medium. The mixtures varied in their ability to elicit the membrane effects of CCl4. The performance of ethanol and, to a lesser degree, other alcohols, suggests the existence of a water stable structural organization between CCl4 and these amphiphilic vehicles, facilitating the transfer of CCl4 to the membrane.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Lopez
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Subirade
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deltour
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Periquet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitjavila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012503:Saponins; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D012503:Saponins; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D002118:Calcium