title: Effects of integration and replication on transcription of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat.
abstract: The activity of a promoter is influenced by chromosomal and cell cycle/replication context. We analyzed the influences of integration and replication on transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). We found that one requirement for Tat trans-activated expression differed for integrated versus unintegrated HIV-1 LTR. Specifically, the second coding exon of Tat, previously regarded as functionally dispensable, plays a role in the optimal activation of integrated LTRs. We also found that the transcription profile produced from the HIV-1 LTR is influenced by replication. Autonomously replicating vectors that contain the HIV-1 LTR produced patterns of transcription different from counterpart vectors that do not replicate. Both replicating and nonreplicating HIV-1 LTRs remained responsive to Tat.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Virology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Jeang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berkhout
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dropulic
mesh_terms: D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005091:Exons; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016662:Virus Integration / Q000235:genetics; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D012367:RNA, Viral