title: [Acute kidney failure caused by sulfadiazine stones. A complication of the therapy of toxoplasmosis in AIDS].
abstract: A 45-year-old man with AIDS was treated for a recurrence of cerebral toxoplasmosis with sulphadiazine, 4 g, and pyrimethamine, 75 mg, daily. Owing to a lack of appetite and dysphagia he drank rather little water during the first week of treatment. On the 13th day after starting the drugs he had bilateral renal colics and renal failure was diagnosed (serum creatinine 3.8 mg/dl). Ultrasound examination demonstrated multiple stones with bilateral urinary retention. After parenteral fluid replacement, alkalization of the urine with sodium-potassium-hydrogen citrate and N-butylcopolamine a stone, consisting of sulphadiazine and acetylsulphadiazine, was passed after two days. Three days later the creatinine concentration was within normal limits, and in further two days the ultrasound picture was normal. It is pointed out that diarrhoea, fever or dysphagia often prevent sufficient fluid intake in AIDS patients. Satisfactory oral fluid intake and alkalization of urine is thus of great importance for avoiding complications during sulphadiazine treatment.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Poliklinik der Universität, Klinikum Grosshadern, Universität München.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kronawitter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jakob
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Zoller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rauh
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Goebel
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012008:Recurrence; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D013411:Sulfadiazine; D002981:Clindamycin; D011739:Pyrimethamine
vernacular_title: Akute Niereninsuffizienz durch Sulfadiazinsteine. Komplikation der Therapie einer Toxoplasmose bei AIDS.