title: Hepatic arterial infusions of interleukin-2-based immunochemotherapy in the treatment of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer.
abstract: In preclinical studies, hepatic arterial infusion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in dogs significantly induced lymphocyte proliferation and augmented antitumor killing activity in the liver. Based on these findings, a pilot study of hepatic arterial infusions of IL-2-based immunochemotherapy was conducted in 21 patients (15 men, 6 women) with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer, to determine whether the addition of IL-2 improved the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy alone. Interleukin-2 was given to all patients as 7 to 8 x 10(5) Japanese reference units (JRU) in addition to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 250 mg daily and mitomycin C (MMC) 4 mg once weekly, through a subcutaneous port for 3 weeks. After completion of the initial course, patients were discharged from the hospital and continued on a modified regimen for outpatient therapy: IL-2, 2.0 to 2.1 x 10(6) JRU and 5-FU 250 mg twice weekly; MMC 4 mg once weekly. Patient response rate was 76%, and the median survival from initiation of treatment was 24 months. Toxicity of the combined regimen was minimal. Peripheral lymphocyte phenotype study showed notable decreases in CD8+, CD16+, and CD57+ cells and an increase in CD4+ cells (ie, elevation of 4:8 ratio) during therapy. Electron microscopic analysis of the resected liver of a patient receiving the IL-2-mitomycin-C/5-fluorouracil (IL-2.MF) infusion showed a pronounced accumulation of lymphocytes, penetrating from the space of Disse, around the cancer cells. The present study explores hepatic arterial infusion of IL-2-based immunochemotherapy as a new strategy, based on the activation of liver-associated immune response; this technique may provide improved response and survival for unresectable liver metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirohata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jinnai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shigeoka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shindo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasutomi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil