title: Multiple hepatocellular carcinomas at the early stage have different clonality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clonality of hepatocellular carcinoma is still controversial. To evaluate the clonality of this cancer, mostly small multiple hepatocellular carcinomas of 18 patients were analyzed by DNA fingerprinting.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA from the liver tissues was digested with HinfI. After gel electrophoresis, in gel-hybridization with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe GTGGTGGTGGTGGTG was performed. The band patterns were compared among the tumors and the nontumor part. In patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the integration pattern of hepatitis B viral DNA in liver tissues was also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of the 9 HBsAg-positive patients had tumors with different clonalities by both methods. In the remaining 9 HBsAg-negative patients, 4 had different band patterns in their tumors by DNA fingerprinting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple hepatocellular carcinomas frequently have different clonalities; this finding reiterates the importance of eliminating the underlying cause and the contributing factors of hepatocarcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002999:Clone Cells; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens