title: Can Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine be combined with diphtheria toxoid-pertussis vaccine-tetanus toxoid?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the side effects and immune responses after three serial doses of PRP-T vaccine (a Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib]-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine) given concurrently or mixed with adsorbed DPT vaccine (diphtheria toxoid-pertussis vaccine-tetanus toxoid).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four public health units in western Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy infants 8 to 15 weeks old at entry who were able to receive routine primary vaccinations. Of 444 infants enrolled, 433 (98%) completed the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All infants received PRP-T and DPT vaccines at 2, 4 and 6 months of age: half received them mixed in one injection and the others as separate, bilateral injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Side-effects 24 and 48 hours after each dose and serologic responses to each vaccine component.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up was obtained after all 1312 vaccinations. Fever was infrequent in the two treatment groups. Local adverse effects of the PRP-T vaccine were infrequent and mild (e.g., redness was noted in 5.9% of cases and the area of redness was more than 2.5 cm in diameter in 0.8%). The incidence rate of local effects of the DPT-containing vaccines was the same in the two groups except for tenderness, which was more frequent in the group given the mixed vaccine (26.6% v. 17.9%, p < 0.001). Serologic data were available for 97% of the subjects. After the three doses 98.1% of the subjects had a PRP antibody level of 0.15 micrograms/mL or more, and 87.9% had a level of 1.0 micrograms/mL or more, both levels compatible with protection against Hib. Responses to PRP-T were comparable between the treatment groups as were responses to the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Pertussis agglutinin titres were reduced after administration of one of two PRP-T lots mixed with DPT vaccine, but responses to four other pertussis antigens were not impaired.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRP-T vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic. Combined PRP-T and DPT vaccines performed satisfactorily and may be the preferred method of administration.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheifele
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meekison
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guasparini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Friesen
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D004344:Drug Incompatibility; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; C055753:Haemophilus influenza type b polysaccharide vaccine-tetanus toxin conjugate; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid