title: The psychological morbidity of breast cancer-related arm swelling. Psychological morbidity of lymphoedema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The psychological morbidity, functional impairment, and disturbance in psychosocial adjustment to illness was evaluated in relation to breast cancer-related arm swelling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty women with breast cancer-related arm swelling were matched with 50 control subjects for age, duration since treatment, and type of treatment received. All study participants were free from active disease and had been treated more than 1 year ago.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with arm swelling showed greater psychological morbidity at formal psychiatric interview, impaired adjustment to illness as evaluated by the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, and greater impairment of physical functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with arm swelling in relation to breast cancer experienced functional impairment, psychosocial maladjustment, and increased psychological morbidity. These findings have implications for management of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health Sciences, St. Georges Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lacey
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mortimer
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001132:Arm; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis; D013997:Time Factors