title: Architecture and functional design of advanced neurosurgical operating environments.
abstract: Although modern operative neurosurgery is a complex technical undertaking requiring an amalgam of technologies and instrumentations, few reported efforts have dealt with the definition and development of suitable and optimal dedicated operating environments. This report presents the first detailed description of a dedicated, self-contained neurosurgical operating suite incorporating major surgical instrumentation and visualization technologies to provide an "idealized" environment for stereotactic, microscopic, and microstereotactic procedures. Advanced computer technology for visualization to augment, simulate, document, and facilitate all aspects of neurosurgery is described. The architectural and functional design of the operating suite is itself an integral surgical instrument as well as a laboratory for development of new dimensions of neurosurgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Apuzzo
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D003199:Computer Systems / Q000639:trends; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009870:Operating Room Information Systems / Q000639:trends; D009873:Operating Rooms / Q000639:trends*; D013523:Surgical Equipment / Q000639:trends