title: Ultrasonic measurements of breathing rate in rats and computer assisted analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An ultrasound breathing rate measurement technique and a computer analysis algorithm have been developed to reduce the amount of time needed to collect and analyze animal breathing rate data, as well as to improve the testing environment. The system is not airtight, therefore, acclimatization and collection time is not limited, and the technique makes use of a top loading apparatus to facilitate animal entry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breathing rate is measured using two ultrasound transducers housed directly above the rat thorax in the plexiglass jig. The breathing rate signal is stored and evaluated by computer. The ultrasound technique was tested using a loud speaker driven by a signal generator, over a range of 30 to 450 cycles/min. In addition, the ultrasonic breathing rate method was used to record the breathing rate response of Sprague Dawley rats, treated with graded single doses of radiation, over a period of 170 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the loud speaker tests, the measured frequency agreed with that of the input signal with a maximum deviation of 1%. For the animal irradiations, all breathing rate data were analyzed by both user and computer selection of regular breathing. The techniques gave the same results at the 95% confidence limit. Using the computer program to assess the traces, 240 breathing rates can be determined per hour, from previously measured data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new technique for measuring breathing rate has been developed and enhances both the collection and analysis of data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Haston
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Dyk
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003201:Computers; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012119:Respiration; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014463:Ultrasonography