title: Presence of respiratory syncytial virus genomic sequences in middle ear fluid and its relationship to expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules.
abstract: The presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and several cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in middle ear effusions and mucosal tissues was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. RSV genomic sequences were detected in 23 (52.7%) of 44 middle ear effusions tested. The sequences were detectable at an even higher rate (82.4%) in effusions of children in whom infectious virus was detected in the nasopharynx. All samples with the RSV genome contained the mRNA for interleukin-1 beta and -6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The messages for these cytokines, together with intercellular adhesion molecule-1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, were detected in human middle ear mucosal organ cultures infected in vitro with RSV. Our results suggest that the enhanced synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in the middle ear infected with RSV may contribute to the inflammatory processes in otitis media.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Otolaryngology, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Togawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ogra
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000382:microbiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000382:microbiology; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines