title: Effects of insulin on the counterregulatory response to equivalent hypoglycemia in normal females.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if insulin could augment the counterregulatory response to equivalent hypoglycemia in normal females similarly to males. Experiments were carried out in nine normal lean overnight-fasted female subjects. Insulin was infused in two separate randomized protocols so that steady-state levels of 794 +/- 62 (low) and 3,620 +/- 476 pM (high) were obtained. Despite an identical plasma glucose level (2.8 +/- 0.1 mM), epinephrine (5.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.6 nM), norepinephrine (2.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.3 nM), cortisol (918 +/- 55 vs. 826 nM), and growth hormone (35.8 +/- 3.7 vs. 28.4 +/- 2.7 micrograms/l) were increased (P < 0.05) during high compared with low insulin infusion, respectively. Glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide levels increased significantly but were not different during the two insulin infusions. Hepatic glucose production was increased during the high-compared with low-dose infusions (9.5 +/- 1.1 vs. 5.1 +/- 2.2 mumol.kg-1 x min-1; P < 0.05). Lipolysis, as indicated by the blood glycerol level, increased significantly during high- compared with low-dose insulin infusions (121 +/- 29 vs. 65 +/- 13 microM; P < 0.05). The hormonal and metabolic responses to hypoglycemia were significantly different in females compared with previous results in males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cherrington
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000097:blood; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D007773:Lactates; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005934:Glucagon; D000409:Alanine; D005990:Glycerol; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine