title: The hit and miss of ISS and TRISS. Yorkshire Trauma Audit Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure interobserver variation in recording injury from case notes and its effect on calculating injury severity scores (ISS) from identical data and predicting probabilities of survival by using the combined trauma and injury severity score (TRISS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observer variation study using injury severity scoring and subsequent calculation of probability of survival based on combined trauma and injury severity scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 patients with a range of injury severity scores, and 15 observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a wide variation in recorded injury severity scores, the probability of two observers agreeing on the score being 0.28 (28%). The probability of any two observers agreeing over which severity band the patient should be in was 0.5 (50%). Observer variation was independent of the training and type of observer. Survival probability (calculated by combined trauma and injury severity scoring methodology from individual observers' scores) varied by over 0.2 in six of the 16 patients and by over 0.5 in three.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is wide observer variation in injury severity scoring, which highlights a potential fallibility in its use for trauma audit. The use of combined trauma and injury severity scoring for individual prediction of survival is potentially inaccurate except at the extremes of probabilities. The use of the 0.5 survival line on a combined trauma and injury severity score "pre-chart" is statistically and clinically inappropriate.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Information Science Unit, Leeds University.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zoltie
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: de Dombal
mesh_terms: D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008485:Medical Audit; D015588:Observer Variation; D011336:Probability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D006113:United Kingdom