title: Chromium content in human skin after in vitro application of ordinary cement and ferrous-sulphate-reduced cement.
abstract: The amount of chromium found in human skin after in vitro application of cement suspensions on full-thickness human skin in diffusion cells was investigated. Cement suspensions made from ordinary Portland cement or Portland cement with the chromate reduced with added ferrous sulphate were used. The cement suspensions were either applied on the skin surface under occlusion for 48 h or applied repeatedly every 24 h for 96 h. No statistically significant difference in chromium content of skin layers between skin exposed to ordinary Portland cement, skin exposed to cement with added ferrous sulphate and unexposed skin was observed, despite a more permeable skin barrier at the alkaline pH of the cement suspensions, i.e., pH 12.5. Increased chromium levels in epidermis and dermis were seen when ordinary Portland cement was applied as a suspension with added sodium sulphate (20%) on the skin surface for 96 h. The content of water-soluble chromium in ordinary Portland cement may vary due to the alkali sulphate content of the cement.
authors.affiliation: Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fullerton
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gammelgaard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Avnstorp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Menné
mesh_terms: D002484:Cementation; D002857:Chromium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D002857:Chromium; C020748:ferrous sulfate