Aleutian mink disease parvovirus infection of mink macrophages and human macrophage cell line U937: demonstration of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection.
Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) infects macrophages in adult mink. The virulent ADV-Utah I strain, but not the cell culture-adapted ADV-G strain, infects mink peritoneal macrophage cultures and the human macrophage cell line U937 in vitro. However, preincubation of ADV-G with ADV-infected mink serum enhanced its infectivity for U937 cells. the enhancing activity was present in the protein A-binding immunoglobulin G fraction in the serum, but F(ab')2 fragments failed to enhance the infection. On the other hand, the same sera inhibited ADV-G infection of Crandell feline kidney (CRFK) cells. Although U937 cells were not fully permissive for antibody-enhanced ADV-G infection, ADV mRNA expression, genome amplification, and protein expression were identical to those found previously for ADV-Utah I infection of U937 cells. Preincubation of ADV-Utah I with soluble protein A partly inhibited the infection of U937 cells but did not affect infection of CRFK cells. In mink peritoneal macrophages, preincubation with the infected mink serum did not make ADV-G infectious. However, the infectivity for mink macrophages of antibody-free ADV-Utah I prepared from the lungs of infected newborn mink kits was enhanced by ADV-infected mink serum. Moreover, protein A partly blocked ADV-Utah I infection of mink macrophage cultures. These results suggested that ADV-Utah I enters mink macrophages and U937 cells via an Fc receptor-mediated mechanism. This mechanism, antibody-dependent enhancement, may also contribute to ADV infection in vivo. Furthermore, since ADV infection in mink is characterized by overproduction of anti-ADV immunoglobulins, antibody-dependent enhancement may play a critical role in the establishment of persistent infection with ADV in vivo.
Kanno
H
H
Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana 59840.
Wolfinbarger
J B
JB
Bloom
M E
ME
D000454:Aleutian Mink Disease Virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000494:pharmacology; D008081:Liposomes; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000382:microbiology; D008907:Mink; D013045:Species Specificity; D013205:Staphylococcal Protein A / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008081:Liposomes; D013205:Staphylococcal Protein A