title: The efficacy of different decontaminants in rats and pigs percutaneously poisoned with organophosphates.
abstract: The efficacies of clay or alcoholate as decontaminants and a polyethylene glycol + oxime N-octylpyridium-4-aldoxime bromide (OPAB) protective ointment were evaluated in rats and pigs percutaneously poisoned with O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothioate (VX) and soman (GD) nerve gases. The use of protective ointment per se or combined with the decontaminants protected all rats poisoned with GD, regardless of the experimental procedure. No poisoning or fatalities were observed in pigs decontaminated 2 min later with clay or alcoholate, while the protective ointment delayed the onset of poisoning and even prevented death. The application of protective ointment, with or without the use of decontaminants, significantly postponed the onset of poisoning in animals contaminated with VX. There was no significant difference between procedures. Decontamination was very satisfactory and dependent on the duration of exposure, being somewhat more efficient if performed by 30 min after exposure.
authors.affiliation: Army Institute of Military Technology, Department of Medicine, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Knezevic
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tadic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cetkovic
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000077215:Clay; D003666:Decontamination; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005739:Gas Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009824:Ointments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000506:poisoning*; D010091:Oximes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012999:Soman / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000506:poisoning*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000077215:Clay; D004983:Ethanolamines; D009824:Ointments; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012999:Soman; C009680:VX-agent; C009546:triethanolamine