title: [Evaluation of various forms of vitamin-K prophylaxis in breastfed infants].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish recommendations for prevention of vitamin K deficiency in healthy breastfed infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical trials of different methods of vitamin K prophylaxis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study of vitamin K1 and proteins induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA)-II concentrations, and some coagulation factors at the ages of 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks in healthy breastfed infants with either once 1 mg vitamin K1 orally (n = 165) or intramuscularly (n = 166), or weekly 1 mg orally (n = 48), or daily 25 micrograms orally (n = 58).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite significantly higher vitamin K1 plasma concentrations after intramuscular administration, there was no difference in activities of coagulation factors VII and X, and PIVKA-II concentrations between oral and intramuscular administration. The two single administrations of 1 mg could not prevent the appearance of PIVKA-II after the age of 1 month. When vitamin K was administered as 1 mg per week or 0.025 mg per day, significantly higher concentrations of vitamin K1 were found and no PIVKA-II was detectable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single administration of 1 mg vitamin K1 orally or intramuscularly may not afford complete protection against late vitamin K deficiency in healthy breastfed infants. A regimen of 1 mg per week or 25 micrograms vitamin K1 per day proved to be effective in prevention of vitamin K deficiency and the latter is recommended for breastfed infants during the first three months of life.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Ziekenhuis, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Nijmegen.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Monnens
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D011498:Protein Precursors; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D010837:Vitamin K 1; D011516:Prothrombin
vernacular_title: Evaluatie van verschillende vormen van vitamine K-profylaxe bij met de borst gevoede zuigelingen.