title: Digital radiofrequency echocardiography in the detection of myocardial contrast following intravenous administration of Albunex.
abstract: Conventional contrast echo techniques have proved inadequate for the detection of myocardial perfusion using intravenously injected echo contrast agents because of the limitations and relative insensitivity of standard echocardiographic equipment. In order to avoid these problems, we have obtained pure digital radiofrequency ultrasound data from the left ventricle and myocardium during i.v. contrast myocardial perfusion echo studies. In 30 patients, following coronary arteriography, i.v. injections of the echo contrast agent Albunex (sonicated human serum albumin) in two doses of 0.08 and 0.22 ml.kg-1 were administered during digital radiofrequency echocardiography sampling of data from the myocardium and left ventricular cavity. Analysis of mean integrated backscatter (MIB, a measure of the total ultrasound energy) was performed before, during and after Albunex injection. The data were also analysed for a shift in frequency spectrum which could be caused by resonance of the Albunex contrast microspheres in the heart, a phenomenon which has been previously demonstrated in vitro. Digital radiofrequency ultrasound data were successfully obtained and analysed in 23 patients. In 31 segments where reasonable resting perfusion was expected, there was a significant increase in MIB from 0.644 to 1.245, P < 0.001 and time intensity curves could be constructed showing wash-in and wash-out of contrast from the myocardium. In 10 segments supplied by significantly diseased vessels, MIB intensity increased from 1.044 to 1.874, P = 0.054. In myocardial segments supplied by non-diseased vessels, microsphere resonance also caused a drop in mean frequency of 140 KHz, P < 0.001, and permitted similar temporal analysis of myocardial perfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Monaghan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Odunlami
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waaler
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jewitt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000418:Albumins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003287:Contrast Media; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011846:Radio Waves
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; C060687:Albunex; D003287:Contrast Media