title: Direct detection of wild poliovirus circulation by stool surveys of healthy children and analysis of community wastewater.
abstract: Cartagena, Colombia, was one of the last cities in the Americas known to have endemic poliomyelitis. After 3 cases were identified in 1991, two approaches for detecting continued silent transmission of wild polioviruses within a high-risk community were used: stool surveys of healthy children and virologic analysis of community sewage. Wild type 1 polioviruses were isolated from 8% of the children studied and from 21% of sewage samples. The proportions of wild polioviruses, vaccine-related polioviruses, and nonpolio enteric viruses were similar for both approaches. Wild poliovirus sequences were also amplified directly from processed sewage samples by the polymerase chain reaction using primer pairs specific for the indigenous type 1 genotype. The last reported cases associated with wild polioviruses in the Americas occurred in Colombia (8 April 1991) and Peru (23 August 1991). Direct sampling for wild polioviruses in high-risk communities can provide further evidence that eradication of the indigenous wild polioviruses has been achieved in the Americas.
authors.affiliation: Expanded Program on Immunization, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tambini
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Andrus
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boshell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pallansch
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Quadros
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kew
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012722:Sewage; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage