title: Blood pressure reactivity in the evaluation of resting blood pressure and mood responses to pindolol and propranolol in hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the relationship of blood pressure reactivity during exercise to treatment responsiveness to two commonly used beta-adrenergic blocking agents, propranolol and pindolol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, placebo-controlled, balanced, cross-over clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 19 white male subjects with mild to moderate essential hypertension were studied. The mean age was 63.4 years (SD = 5.2). The mean resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 158.6 mm Hg (SD = 12.3) and mean resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 96.4 mm Hg (SD = 8.6). They had no clinical evidence of secondary hypertension, diabetes, heart, liver, pulmonary, or renal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting blood pressure; blood pressure reactivity to exercise; self-report measures of depressive symptoms, and mood disturbances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antihypertensive medication was tapered off and subjects were free of all prescription drugs for 2 weeks. Subjects were randomly assigned to propranolol-pindolol or pindolol-propranolol group. Each 4- to 6-week treatment phase was preceded by a 2-week placebo phase. At the end of the initial placebo phase and each active drug treatment phase, subjects were assessed for depression and mood disturbances by use of standardized measures and were given a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Resting blood pressure was assessed weekly and before each exercise test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant relationships between DBP reactivity to exercise during the placebo phase and the degree of blood pressure and mood responsiveness to pindolol and propranolol treatment were observed. Subjects demonstrating high DBP reactivity required high doses of beta-blocker for resting DBP reduction, and these subjects showed the least change in mood at high doses. Similar patterns were found for the relationship of SBP reactivity and blood pressure and mood responsiveness to drug treatment, but these relationships were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DBP reactivity to exercise during the placebo phase provides unique information about the essential hypertensive patient. DBP reactivity and drug dose were important determinants of resting blood pressure and mood responsiveness to both pindolol and propranolol. DBP reactivity and perhaps SBP reactivity may be useful measures in the study of central adrenergic and peripheral cardiovascular pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Potempa
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fogg
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kravitz
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010869:Pindolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011433:Propranolol; D010869:Pindolol