title: Viral pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States.
abstract: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is a major cause of cancer death worldwide. Recent studies have implicated hepatitis C virus infection as a major pathogenic agent of HBsAg-negative hepatocellular carcinoma. The significance of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections in the occurrence of HBsAg-negative hepatocellular carcinoma has not been well established in the United States. We studied 91 HBsAg-negative American patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for evidence of hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus infection. These patients had no other predisposing factors to hepatocellular carcinoma. A sensitive polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect hepatitis C virus RNA and hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and liver. Three sets of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus primers were used to optimize the detection of viral genomes. Hepatitis C virus antibodies were measured with second-generation immunoassays. Twenty-six (29%) of these patients carried low levels of hepatitis B virus DNA in either serum, liver/tumor tissue or both. On the basis of the results from serological and polymerase chain reaction analyses of serum and liver, we found that 53 of 91 patients (58%) exhibited evidence of hepatitis C virus infection. When data were combined, 14 patients (15%) had evidence of hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection, whereas 12 (13%) were infected with hepatitis B virus alone and 39 (43%) had hepatitis C virus only. Twenty-six (29%) had no markers of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jeffers
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Medina
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheinquer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Idrovo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabassa
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Schiff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral