title: Glucagon produced by recombinant DNA technology: repeated dose toxicity studies, intravenous administration to CD rats and beagle dogs for four weeks.
abstract: The toxicity of glucagon produced by recombinant DNA technology (Glucagon (ge)) was studied by daily intravenous administration to rats and dogs for 4 weeks. Pancreatic glucagon of bovine or porcine origin (Glucagon Novo) was used as a reference control in the dogs. Glucagon (ge) has the same sequence of the 29 amino acids as pancreatic glucagon of humans, cows, pigs, rats and dogs. The dosages were 0 (control), 0.2, 1.0 and 5.0 mg Glucagon (ge)/kg/day in the rats, and 0 (control), 1.0 and 5.0 mg Glucagon (ge) and 5.0 mg Glucagon (Novo)/kg/day in the dogs. The studies complied with current EEC, US and Japanese guidelines for 4 week toxicity studies of drugs. All dose levels were well tolerated. The plasma glucose and cardiovascular responses to dosing were monitored in the dogs and found to be in agreement with well-known effects of pancreatic glucagon. The most consistent finding in both species was an increase in liver weight. This change was without concomitant pathological deviations in the other parameters examined. There were no differences in the reaction of dogs following treatment with Glucagon (ge) or Glucagon (Novo). A dose of 1 mg Glucagon (ge)/kg/day was regarded as a clear no-toxic-effect-level in both species.
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eistrup
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Hjortkjaer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pickersgill
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Virgo
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Woolley
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004906:Erythrocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000187:drug effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D006454:Hemoglobins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D005934:Glucagon; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase