title: The pharmacokinetics of clonidine in high dosage.
abstract: We have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of high doses of clonidine, as used in the prophylactic treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, in 11 alcohol-dependent patients undergoing surgery for oesophagogastrectomy. Clonidine was given in a bolus of 150 micrograms followed by a continuous infusion. After a mean period of treatment of 9.2 (range 3 to 26) days and a mean dose of 0.72 (range 0.29 to 2.37) mg per day of clonidine the mean terminal half-life was 15.8 (range 9.9 to 23) h (n = 7). In order to compare initial and terminal half-lives of clonidine intraindividually, four patients were given a bolus of 150 micrograms followed 24 h later by a continuous infusion. The pharmacokinetics of clonidine were described by two exponentials, with a distribution half-life of 1.2 h and a terminal half-life of 14.6 h. After a mean period of 8.3 (range 2 to 15) days and a mean dose of 0.62 (range 0.15 to 1.82) mg per day the terminal half-life in these four patients was 15.6 (range 14.0 to 17.9) h. The relation between dosage and plasma concentration was linear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fauler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000431:Ethanol; D003000:Clonidine