title: Cloning of the Aspergillus parasiticus apa-2 gene associated with the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis.
abstract: An Aspergillus parasiticus gene, designated apa-2, was identified as a regulatory gene associated with aflatoxin biosynthesis. The apa-2 gene was cloned on the basis of overproduction of pathway intermediates following transformation of fungal strains with cosmid DNA containing the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes nor-1 and ver-1. Transformation of an O-methylsterigmatocystin-accumulating strain, A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, with a 5.5-kb HindIII-XbaI DNA fragment containing apa-2 resulted in overproduction of all aflatoxin pathway intermediates analyzed. Specific enzyme activities associated with the conversion of norsolorinic acid and sterigmatocystin were increased approximately twofold. The apa-2 gene was found to complement an A. flavus afl-2 mutant strain for aflatoxin production, suggesting that apa-2 is functionally homologous to afl-2. Comparison of the A. parasiticus apa-2 gene DNA sequence with that of the A. flavus afl-2 gene (G. A. Payne, G. J. Nystorm, D. Bhatnagar, T. E. Cleveland, and C. P. Woloshuk, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:156-162, 1993) showed that they shared > 95% DNA homology. Physical mapping of cosmid subclones placed apa-2 approximately 8 kb from ver-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cary
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhatnagar
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Linz
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Woloshuk
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Payne
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D009566:Nitrates