title: Quantitative analysis of species identification tests of bloodstains using anti-human serum.
abstract: Immunological reactions of bloodstains of human and animals to anti-human serum were analysed quantitatively to determine which technique is the most effective to differentiate human bloodstains from those of animals. The lower threshold of counter-electrophoresis was 10-25 micrograms protein/ml and increased only slightly with increasing age of the bloodstains, while that of the ring test and immunodiffusion decreased greatly. In counter-electrophoresis, absorption of anti-human serum by Japanese monkey serum resulted in a marked decrease in the cross reaction with animals, and still showed no change in the lower threshold for human samples. The present results show that counter-electrophoresis is especially useful for the identification of human bloodstains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsumata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001801:Blood Stains; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D007106:Immune Sera