title: Fever among outpatients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fever is common among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, the clinical implications of fever in this population have not been evaluated. We therefore undertook a prospective study of fever in persons with advanced HIV infection to determine the incidence and etiology of fever in this patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective natural history study of 176 patients with advanced HIV infection followed up at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, from April 1, 1990, through December 31, 1990.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fever occurred in 46% of patients. A diagnosis was made in 83% of episodes, with acquired immunodeficiency virus-defining illnesses accounting for half of the diagnosed cases. Patients whose conditions required more than 2 weeks to diagnose most often had lymphoma, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare bacteremia, or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Four patients had persistent unexplained fever without a clear source. Only one patient had fever that clearly responded to antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fever is common among outpatients with advanced HIV infection. Human immunodeficiency virus itself is rarely the cause of fever in such patients; the cause of the fever should be thoroughly evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sepkowitz
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Telzak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D010045:Outpatients; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies