title: Dissociation of IL-1 beta synthesis and secretion in human blood monocytes stimulated with bacterial cell wall products.
abstract: Human blood monocytes synthesize but do not secrete IL-1 beta in response to low doses of bacterial cell-wall products. With this observation, we have developed a two-step staged release assay that separates IL-1 beta synthesis from secretion. This assay can be used to identify secretagogues or inhibitors of IL-1 beta secretion as well as the biochemical events leading to IL-1 beta release. Human blood monocytes are first treated with low (< 50 pg/ml) doses of LPS, which causes the synthesis of intracellular proIL-1 beta. Release of intracellular IL-1 beta can be induced by further treatment with 100 ng/ml of LPS or 1 x 10(6) CFU/ml of heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus. The amount and the efficiency of IL-1 beta secretion in the staged release assay was comparable with that of a standard method of treating blood monocytes with a single dose of 100 ng/ml LPS. Ongoing protein synthesis was not required for IL-1 beta secretion because mature IL-1 beta release occurred in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. We have compared the effects of four different inhibitors of cytokine synthesis on IL-1 beta production in the standard and staged release assays. We find that dexamethasone or IL-10, when added together with 100 ng/ml LPS, inhibits IL-1 beta production with IC50 levels of 0.2 microM and 2.0 ng/ml, respectively. The IC50 levels increase greater than 50-fold when tested against monocytes pretreated with 50 pg/ml of LPS. These data suggest that dexamethasone and IL-10 have little effect on IL-1 beta secretion. Conversely, the IL-1 beta converting enzyme inhibitor, Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-CHO (L-709,049) and the anti-inflammatory agent [5-(4-pyridyl)6(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo(2,1-b)thiazole] (SK&F 86002) inhibited IL-1 beta release in both the standard and staged release assays with IC50 of 1 microM. The data suggest that L-709,049 and SK&F 86002 interfere with steps involved in IL-1 beta secretion, as opposed to synthesis. The results also document a novel method for delineating separate events in the pathway required for IL-1 beta biosynthesis and further distinguish two classes of compounds capable of modulating IL-1 beta secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kostura
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D020170:Caspase 1; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000737:chemistry; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013844:Thiazoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D003513:Cycloheximide; C052026:6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-(4-pyridinyl)imidazo(2,1-b)thiazole; D020170:Caspase 1; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases