title: Combined modulation by leucovorin and alpha-2a interferon of fluoropyrimidine mediated growth inhibition.
abstract: One way to improve fluoropyrimidine activity is the use of leucovorin (LV). Another way is the use of alpha-2a interferon (alpha-IF). The mechanism of the alpha-IF effect on fluoropyrimidines has not yet been elucidated. Besides, only limited data area available on double modulation (LV and alpha-IF) of fluoropyrimidines. Therefore, the modulating capacity of both drugs was tested in a fluoropyrimidine resistant (COLO 320) and a sensitive (SW 948) cell line. Also, the binding capacity of thymidylate synthase (TS) to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP) and TS catalytic activity were studied in both cell lines as well as the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and alpha IF on enzyme activity. COLO 320 had, compared to SW 948, a 7.5 fold higher FdUMP binding capacity to TS. TS activity was 4.4 and 11.3 fold higher at 10 and 1 mM substrate, respectively. In COLO 320 enhancement of 5-FU, either by LV or by alpha-IF, was not possible. Since LV did enhance 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine (FUdR) activity, it is conceivable that 5-FU mediated growth inhibition in COLO 320 is not TS mediated. SW 948 was sensitive to both modulating agents with a 2.4 fold lower IC50 for 5-FU/LV, 6.8 fold lower IC50 for 5-FU/alpha-IF and a 11.2 fold lower IC50 for 5-FU/LV/alpha-IF. Effects of LV and alpha-IF on FUdR were comparable but less pronounced, with a 3.4 fold lower IC50 for FUdR/LV/alpha-IF compared with FUdR alone. Thymidine, which circumvents TS inhibition, neutralized the synergistic effects of alpha-IF, indicating that alpha-IF enhancement is mediated via inhibition of DNA synthesis. However, no direct effects of alpha-IF on FdUMP binding or catalytic activity could be demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  alpha-IF can increase 5-FU/LV mediated growth inhibition in fluoropyrimidine sensitive colorectal cancer cells. FdUMP binding capacity and catalytic activity of TS may predict sensitivity to (modulation of) fluoropyrimidines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Sinnige
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Timmer-Bosscha
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: De Vries
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Mulder
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005468:Fluorodeoxyuridylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005468:Fluorodeoxyuridylate; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D002955:Leucovorin