title: Antibodies against autologous tumor cell proteins in patients with small-cell lung cancer: association with improved survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The frequency and clinical relevance of human antitumor immune responses is not well known, and few target antigens have been identified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the frequency of antibodies reactive against extracts of autologous tumor cell lines and to correlate these data with survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were obtained from 40 lung cancer patients treated on National Cancer Institute protocols. These sera were used as probes in immunoblots against protein extracts from tumor cell lines derived from each of these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected serum antibodies against autologous tumor cell proteins in 21 (58%) of the 36 patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and three (75%) of the four with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two patients' sera detected the p53 tumor suppressor gene product and two detected the product of the HuD gene (associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes) in their autologous tumor cell lysates. SCLC patients with antibodies against autologous tumor cell proteins had improved survivals compared with those in the antibody-negative group (P = .059). All patients who lived longer than 36 weeks were antitumor antibody positive. Sera from six (86%) of seven patients with limited disease were positive for antibodies that reacted against autologous tumor cells, compared with 15 of 29 (52%) of sera from patients with extensive disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the sera from patients with SCLC frequently contain antibodies against tumor cell proteins and that these antibodies are associated with improved survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that an antitumor immune response may affect tumor growth, and that the anonymous proteins detected by antitumor antibodies in lung cancer patient sera may represent proteins involved in the development of lung cancer or in its clinical manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8593.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekido
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Minna
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McIntire
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gazdar
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Carbone
mesh_terms: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000276:immunology; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D001323:Autoantibodies; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins