title: Mucosal considerations for osseointegrated implants.
abstract: Tissue resistance is determined by the nature of cells and intercellular contacts irrespective of the presence or absence of keratinization, masticatory mucosa, or skin. However, these tissues are more easily maintained and less vulnerable to inflammation when in contact with dental implants. Lack of masticatory mucosa and the presence of alveolar mucosa embracing the implant are often associated with plaque, which can induce inflammation resulting in subsequent peri-implant destruction. To facilitate proper mechanical oral hygiene maintenance, transplantation of autogenous masticatory mucosal grafts at the implant sites was performed in patients without attached gingiva, unfavorable vestibulum with submucosal muscular activity, and uncontrolled peri-implant mucositis. The rationale for having attached mucosa around osseointegrated implants and illustration of possible methods of mucosal management in the different phases of implant rehabilitation are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Artzi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tal
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozlovsky
mesh_terms: D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control; D005881:Gingiva / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000601:surgery; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D016348:Osseointegration; D013524:Surgical Flaps
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants