title: Pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal titers of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin following multiple oral doses in healthy volunteers.
abstract: Fourteen adult males participated in a randomized three-way crossover study to compare the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal titers (SBTs) of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin (regimen A), 750 mg of ciprofloxacin (regimen B), and 400 mg of ofloxacin (regimen C) administered every 12 h for seven doses. Mean steady-state peak concentrations in serum for regimens A, B, and C were 3.0, 4.4, and 6.5 micrograms/ml, respectively (P < 0.01, all comparisons) and mean half-lives were 4.5, 4.3, and 6.5 h, respectively (P < 0.05, C versus A and B). Mean steady-state areas under the concentration-time curve were 14.1, 21.1, and 48.1 micrograms/h/ml for regimens A, B, and C, respectively (P < 0.05, all comparisons). SBTs were determined at different times postdose for three isolates each of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mean steady-state peak SBTs for regimens A, B, and C, respectively, were as follows: S. pneumoniae, < 1:2, 1:8, 1:8, S. aureus, 1:16, 1:16, 1:16; E. coli, 1: > or = 128, 1: > or = 128, 1:64; E. cloacae, 1: > or = 128, 1: > or = 128, 1:64; P. aeruginosa, 1:8, 1:8, 1:2. These differences in SBTs within each genus were statistically significant. The majority of predicted SBTs were within one dilution of measured SBTs. Areas under the serum bactericidal time curves for E. coli, E. cloacae, and P. aeruginosa were significantly higher for ciprofloxacin; areas under the serum bactericidal time curves for S. pneumoniae and S. aureus were significantly greater for ofloxacin. Ofloxacin achieved higher concentrations in serum than ciprofloxacin, but differences in in vitro activity were a more important determinant of SBTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Israel
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gillum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turik
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Towle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Echols
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Polk
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001770:Blood Bactericidal Activity; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin