title: Long-term intrathecal infusion of morphine and morphine/bupivacaine mixtures in the treatment of cancer pain: a retrospective analysis of 51 cases.
abstract: A retrospective analysis of 51 patients with cancer pain treated with a continuous i.t. morphine infusion through a tunnelled percutaneous catheter was undertaken. Because of insufficient pain relief with morphine only, 17 of these patients received a morphine/bupivacaine mixture. Pain relief subsequently improved significantly in 10 patients and a moderate improvement was present in 4 patients. An additional analgesic effect of bupivacaine was not shown in 3 patients with clinical signs of severe mental depression. Bupivacaine-induced side effects were absent below a daily dosage of 30 mg by continuous infusion. In all patients a gradual dose increment was observed. No serious complications, neurologic sequelae or meningitis occurred. It is concluded that long-term i.t. infusion of morphine through a tunnelled catheter can provide adequate pain relief in cancer patients with an acceptable risk-benefit ratio. The effects of long-term intrathecal co-administration of local anesthetics, especially bupivacaine, await further prospective evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Anesthesiology and Pain Treatment, University Hospital Nijmegen, 6500 HB NijmegenNetherlands.
authors.forename: R T M
authors.initials: RTM
authors.lastname: Van Dongen
authors.forename: B J P
authors.initials: BJP
authors.lastname: Crul
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Bock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine