title: The evolution and development of the urinary catheter.
abstract: The urinary catheter is one of the most frequently used medical devices and has a long and intriguing history of development. This paper describes the catheter from its simple beginnings through the subtle but important changes it has undergone paralleling the advances in plastics technology witnessed this century. The changes have not been without controversy and the recent association of catheters with tissue toxicity, which has forced the implementation of strict guidelines for their manufacture and use, is described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Wellington School of Medicine, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nacey
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delahunt
mesh_terms: D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000266:history; D002681:China; D004534:Egypt; D004867:Equipment Design; D005060:Europe; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation*