title: Preincisional local anesthesia with bupivacaine and pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A double-blind randomized clinical trial.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether local anesthesia of abdominal wall wounds prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy leads to decreased pain beyond the immediate postoperative period and thus improves the comfort of the patient. In a randomized, double-blind study 50 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into two groups. In one group (n = 25) the skin, subcutis, fascia, muscle, and preperitoneal space were infiltrated with 8 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% 5 min before each abdominal wall incision. The control group (n = 25) received normal saline. The intensity of pain was assessed by a 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and during movement and by the consumption of analgesics. Analgesic therapy was provided by on-demand analgesia with piritramide intravenously for 24 h and continued by ibuprofen orally on request. The mean intensity of pain at rest and during movement was lower but not statistically significant in patients who received bupivacaine compared to the control group up to the second postoperative day. The difference was between 4 and 9 VAS points and therefore of doubtful clinical relevance. Similar statistically nonsignificant results were found for the mean consumption of piritramide up to 16 h after the operation. Three patients (12%) in the bupivacaine group localized the most severe pain up to the second postoperative day to the right lower abdominal wall wound where the gallbladder had been extracted compared to 11 patients (44%) of the control group (P = 0.012). These results indicate that bupivacaine was effective at the site where it was administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Surgical Clinic, University of Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ure
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Troidl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Spangenberger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lefering
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ullmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bende
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011292:Premedication
chemical_list: D002045:Bupivacaine