title: Radiation therapy for stage I and IIA testicular seminoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the survival, cure rate, treatment morbidity, and late sequelae of histologically confirmed seminoma patients who underwent orchiectomy and radiation therapy at the Radiation Oncology Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, from 1964 to 1988.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 128 patients, with a median patient age of 37 years (range, 17-79 years). Follow-up ranged from 1-24 years, with a median of 6.7 years. There were 95 patients with Stage I and 33 with Stage IIA disease. All patients were treated with orchiectomy followed by iliac and paraaortic irradiation (median tumor dose: 2500 cGy for Stage I and 3400 cGy for Stage IIA patients). Twenty-five of 33 patients with Stage IIA disease received prophylactic mediastinal and left supraclavicular irradiation (median dose, 2700 cGy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For patients with Stage I disease, 5-year disease-free survival, overall survival, and survival corrected for intercurrent disease were 97%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. For patients with Stage IIA disease, the 5-year disease-free survival, overall survival, and survival corrected for intercurrent disease were 93%, 89%, and 97%, respectively. Four patients (3%) had recurrences; all were outside the radiation treatment field. Three of four were successfully salvaged with chemotherapy and rendered disease-free; the other patient refused treatment. There were no mediastinal recurrences whether prophylactic mediastinal irradiation was administered or not. Bowel obstruction and necrosis developed in one patient who received 3363 cGy midplane dose to the pelvic and paraaortic areas as well as additional intraperitoneal colloidal 198Au (150 mCi) for a ruptured seminoma from an undescended testis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, radical orchiectomy and irradiation of the iliac and paraaortic lymphatics is the treatment of choice for patients with Stage I and IIA testicular seminoma.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kucik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018239:Seminoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*