Dual subcellular localization of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase: characterization of the mitochondrial enzyme in the bovine adrenal cortex.
The enzyme 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase (3 beta-HSD/I) is an essential step in the biosynthesis of steroid such as progesterone, mineralo- and gluco-corticoids, estrogens and androgens in steroidogenic tissues. It is considered to be mainly localized in microsomes; however, 3 beta-HSD/I activity has also been described to be associated with mitochondrial preparations. In this study, we examined the subcellular distribution of 3 beta-HSD/I in bovine adrenocortical tissue and we characterized the catalytic properties of the enzyme present in the various cell compartments. About 30% of the total 3 beta-HSD/I activity was found to remain tightly associated with the purified mitochondrial pellet. The 3 beta-HSD/I and 3-ketoreductase activities were found in microsomes as well as in mitochondria. The 3 beta-HSD/I associated with the mitochondrial fraction did not require addition of exogenous NAD+. When the pyridine nucleotide was reduced following addition of substrates of the tricarboxylic acids cycle, the mitochondrial 3 beta-HSD/I activity decreased, suggesting that the enzyme utilizes NAD+ available from the matrix space. By contrast, the microsomal enzyme was inactive in the absence of exogenous NAD+. Submitochondrial fractionation disclosed that 3 beta-HSD/I was associated (i) with the inner membrane and (ii) with a particulate fraction sedimenting in a density gradient between inner and outer membranes. This fraction was characterized as contact sites between the two membranes. 3 beta-HSD/I specific activity was much higher in this fraction than in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Altogether, these observations suggest that these mitochondrial intermembrane contact sites may represent a special organization of functional significance, facilitating both the access of cholesterol to the inner membrane where cytochrome P-450scc is located and the rapid transformation of its product, pregnenolone, to progesterone, through 3 beta-HSD/I activity.
Cherradi
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Unité INSERM 244, DBMS/BRCE, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires, Grenoble, France.
Defaye
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Chambaz
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EM
D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000032:analysis; D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D007700:Kinetics; D008861:Microsomes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000032:analysis; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000032:analysis*; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase / Q000032:analysis; D011375:Progesterone Reductase / Q000032:analysis*; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000032:analysis; D013251:Steroid Isomerases / Q000032:analysis*
C021425:3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase-delta(5) 3-ketosteroid isomerase; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; C031298:3-ketosteroid reductase; D011375:Progesterone Reductase; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D013251:Steroid Isomerases