title: The role of transesophageal echocardiography in identifying anomalous coronary arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study objective was to evaluate the role of transesophageal echocardiography in identifying the origin of anomalous coronary arteries and confirming their course in relation to the great vessels. The diagnosis of coronary anomalies is made by angiography. The anomalous left main artery with a course between the pulmonary artery and the aorta has been associated with myocardial infarction and sudden death. The course of these anomalous coronary arteries is difficult to demonstrate by angiography alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients with angiographically confirmed anomalous coronary arteries were studied by transesophageal echocardiography with color flow Doppler. The abnormal origin of the anomalous coronary arteries was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography in all nine patients. In four patients, the left main coronary artery originated from the right sinus of Valsalva. In all of these patients, transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the course of the anomalous left main coronary artery between the aorta and pulmonary artery better than angiography. Other anomalies that were visualized included two patients with origin of the right coronary arteries from the left aortic sinus, one patient with origin of the left anterior descending from the right sinus, one patient with origin of circumflex from the right sinus, and one patient with origin of the left main coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transesophageal echocardiography is a useful noninvasive test for diagnosing anomalous origin of the coronary arteries. Furthermore, it is a valuable adjunct to angiography in demonstrating the abnormal course of the left main coronary artery interposed between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, a potentially life-threatening entity.
authors.affiliation: Henry Ford Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich. 48202.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khaja
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012850:Sinus of Valsalva / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging