title: Familial true hermaphroditism: paternal and maternal transmission of true hermaphroditism (46,XX) and XX maleness in the absence of Y-chromosomal sequences.
abstract: We report on 46,XX true hermaphroditism and 46,XX maleness coexisting in the same pedigree, with maternal as well as paternal transmission of the disorder. Molecular genetic analysis showed that both hermaphrodites as well as the 46,XX male were negative for Y-chromosomal sequences. Thus, this pedigree is highly informative and allows the following conclusions: first, the maternal as well as paternal transmission of the disorder allows the possibility of an autosomal dominant as well as an X-chromosomal dominant mode of inheritance; second, testicular determination in the absence of Y-specific sequences in familial 46,XX true hermaphrodites as well as in 46,XX males seems to be due to the varying expression of the same genetic defect; and third, there is incomplete penetrance of the defect.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Kinderklinik, München, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kuhnle
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Löhrs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stengel-Ruthkowski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cleve
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000235:genetics*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008967:Molecular Biology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities; D014960:X Chromosome; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D009841:Oligonucleotides