title: Cold and warm infusion of Ringer's acetate in healthy volunteers: the effects on haemodynamic parameters, transcapillary fluid balance, diuresis and atrial peptides.
abstract: The effects of Ringer's acetate (RAc) infusion with different temperatures, 18 degrees C compared to 36 degrees C, were studied in 20 healthy volunteers. An infusion volume of 20% of the estimated extracellular volume was given over 45 min. Before and after the RAc infusion, interstitial colloid osmotic pressure and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure were measured on the lateral part of the thorax and in the lower leg. Blood sampling and pressure measurements were performed through a cannula placed in the left radial artery, and arterial oxygen saturation was measured by pulse oximetry. Atrial peptides ANF (99-126) and ANF (1-98) in plasma were measured as indicators of volume loading. Cold RAc infusion increased mean arterial pressure from 82 (s.d. +/- 7) to 96 (s.d. +/- 9) mmHg (10.9-12.8 kPa) at the end of the infusion with a simultaneous fall in heart rate. Warm RAc infusion gave no changes in blood pressure or heart rate. The arterial oxygen saturation during the infusion of cold RAc was higher than during warm RAc infusion. Cold infusion produced the expected haemodilution with a fall in erythrocyte volume fraction (EVF) from 0.39 (+/- 0.03) to 0.33 (+/- 0.03) and a fall in plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COPp) from 21.7 (+/- 1.1) mmHg to 15.0 (+/- 1.3) mmHg (2.9-2.0 kPa). Warm infusion induced a nearly identical haemodilution. Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure fell from 11.6 (+/- 2.3) mmHg to 8.9 (+/- 2.7) mmHg (1.5-1.2 kPa) after warm infusion while cold infusion gave no changes. The changes in interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Rikshopitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tølløfsrud
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bjerkelund
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kongsgaard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noddeland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013696:Temperature; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; C028570:Ringer's acetate; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor