title: Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria coexisting with cold agglutinins in a patient with syphilis resulting in peripheral gangrene: a case report.
abstract: Cold-reactive antibodies may cause peripheral ischaemia, occasionally proceeding to gangrene on exposure to cold. A 46-year-old male with syphilis, presented with an unusual combination of both paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria and cold agglutinin disease, resulting in peripheral gangrene and requiring bilateral below knee amputations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baragwanath Hospital, South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Durao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Govender
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000744:Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / Q000209:etiology*; D005734:Gangrene; D006457:Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications*