title: Efficient and selective adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into vascular neointima.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous attempts to target arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) for gene delivery using liposomal or retroviral methods were limited by low transfection efficiency. We therefore evaluated the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene delivery in cultured vascular SMCs and in an in vivo model of balloon injury-induced SMC cell proliferation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used a recombinant adenovirus, Ad.RSV beta gal, which contained the beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) histochemical marker gene. For in vitro studies, rat aortic SMCs were incubated in media containing Ad.RSV beta gal for 5 to 120 minutes. The proportion of SMCs expressing the beta-gal gene product increased from 25% (5-minute exposure) to 80% (120-minute exposure). For in vivo studies, uninjured and injured rat carotid segments were incubated with 0.5 to 1.0 x 10(9) pfu Ad.RSV beta gal for 45 minutes. Uninjured arteries showed adenovirus-mediated gene transfer limited to the endothelium. Injured arteries were exposed to adenovirus 0, 3, 7, or 12 days after injury. In these segments, beta-gal expression was minimal with infection at 0 or 3 days after injury but marked when infection was delayed until 7 or 12 days after injury. Neointimal cells constituted the dominant target of adenovirus gene transfer, with efficiency of gene transfer ranging from 10% to > 75%. Medial SMCs, whether covered or uncovered by neointimal cells, were minimally infected. Infection with a control adenovirus vector showed no beta-gal staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recombinant adenovirus selectively targets neointimal cells with high-efficiency gene transfer. This suggests that adenovirus vectors should be useful in targeting cells for the delivery of genes whose products may be relevant to the treatment of restenosis.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Cardiology Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lemarchand
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Crystal
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Finkel
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D001616:beta-Galactosidase