title: A quantitative measurement of spatial order in ventricular fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The degree of organization in ventricular fibrillation (VF) is not known. As an objective measurement of spatial order, spatial correlation functions and their characteristic lengths were estimated from epicardial electrograms of pigs in VF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VF was induced by premature stimulation in five pigs. Electrograms were simultaneously recorded with a 22 x 23 array of unipolar electrodes spaced 1.12 mm apart. Data were obtained by sampling the signals at 2000 Hz for 20 minutes immediately after the initiation of FV. Correlations between all pairs of signals were computed at various times. Correlation lengths were estimated from the decay of average correlation as a function of electrode separation. The correlation length of the VF in pigs was found to be approximately 4 to 10 mm, varying as fibrillation progressed. The degree of correlation decreased in the first 4 seconds after fibrillation then increased over the next minute.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlation length is much smaller than the scale of the heart, suggesting that many independent regions of activity exist on the epicardium at any one time. On the other hand, the correlation length is 4 to 10 times the interelectrode spacing, indicating that some coherence is present. These results imply that the heart behaves during VF as a high dimensional, but not random, system involving many spatial degrees of freedom, which may explain the lack of convergence of fractal dimension estimates reported in the literature. Changes in the correlation length also suggest that VF reorganizes slightly in the first minute after an initial breakdown in structure.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center for Emerging Cardiovascular Technology, School of Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0302.
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Bayly
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Greenside
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ideker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004594:Electrophysiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology*