title: Sexual dimorphism in schoolchildren of the Villa IAPI neighborhood (Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina).
abstract: Villa IAPI is a poor neighborhood of about 5,000 inhabitants in the overpopulated conurbano bonaerense at the outskirts of the city of Buenos Aires. Most of the adult male residents are construction workers; the rest are temporary workers, underemployed, or unemployed. The inhabitants of Villa IAPI suffer the effects of many adverse socio-economic conditions, including poor nutrition, deficient sanitation, and inadequate medical care. Seven anthropometric variables were measured on 765 children from 6 to 14 years old to test for the presence of an altered pattern of sexual dimorphism. It was found that there were practically no sex differences in standing height and upper-arm muscle circumference. In some age groups, there was a weak but significant sexual dimorphism in body weight and sitting height. The greatest and most persistent dimorphism was found in head circumference, and in triceps and subscapular skinfolds. In all except two age groups, head circumference in males was significantly greater than in females. The other dimorphic variables (body weight, sitting height, and triceps and subscapular skinfolds) showed the opposite relationship. Essentially, females showed increments in subcutaneous fat, while reduced growth in muscle and bone was evident in males. The hypothesis of "better female canalization" can explain the altered dimorphic pattern found in the malnourished Villa IAPI population.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada (CIGEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pucciarelli
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Carnese
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Pinotti
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Guimarey
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Goicoechea
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D001118:Argentina; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness