title: Carbamazepine and phenytoin in epilepsies refractory to barbiturates: efficacy, toxicity and mental function.
abstract: A group of 51 patients with chronic cryptogenic or symptomatic localized epilepsy refractory to therapy with barbiturates underwent progressive substitution with phenytoin or carbamazepine, in standardized and randomized fashion. After drug changes were completed two thirds of the patients remained seizure free during a period of 6 months. A clearer effect of phenytoin and carbamazepine was seen on secondary generalized than on partial seizures. The frequency of severe side effects decreased after the change to phenytoin and carbamazepine. The group on carbamazepine improved in immediate and late recall, and in immediate and late recognition of pictures. The group on phenytoin improved significantly in the Stroop test. Patients changed to phenytoin, but not those changed to carbamazepine, became significantly more aggressive, anxious and depressive than when on phenobarbital, as measured by subjective scales. The results indicate that patients should not be considered refractory to antiepileptic drug therapy while on barbiturates. Cognitive dysfunction and mood changes observed in epilepsy may be temporary and dependent on the presence of seizures and/or on use of barbiturates.
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Neurologia Clinica, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Antoniuk
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bigarella
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Doro
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gorz
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gonçalves e Silva
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marcourakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002220:Carbamazepine; D010672:Phenytoin