title: Dipyridamole thallium imaging: use in preoperative cardiac risk assessment in vascular surgical patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to determine whether routine performance of dipyridamole thallium imaging adds to the power of a careful clinical evaluation in the risk stratification of patients undergoing major vascular surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, 115 cases evaluated by dipyridamole thallium imaging before major vascular surgery were reviewed. Patients were assigned to a high-risk cohort if they had a history of congestive heart failure or evidence of previous myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six (8%) patients from the high-risk cohort developed major cardiovascular complications. Reversible perfusion defects, present in 67% of the high-risk patients, did not predict complications. None of the patients in the low-risk cohort developed complications despite the presence of reversible perfusion defects in 33%. Patients in the high-risk cohort who underwent cardiac catheterization and selective coronary bypass grafting were uniformly free of perioperative complications. The extent and severity of fixed or reversible thallium perfusion did not predict the occurrence of cardiovascular complications. However, three patients were denied surgery following an unacceptable cardiovascular risk assessment based on clinical findings and multiple reversible thallium perfusion defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In low-risk patients, screening with dipyridamole thallium can identify patients with redistribution defects whose risk of perioperative ischemic events can be reduced by intensifying perioperative anti-ischemic management. If the patient is in the high-clinical-risk subgroup, screening with dipyridamole thallium does not identify a cohort with negligible perioperative risk; thus, further evaluation of these patients by cardiac catheterization should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822-1343.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Butcher
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nassef
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Youkey
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Menapace
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004176:Dipyridamole; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D004176:Dipyridamole