title: [Diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up of patients with massive pulmonary emboli by two-dimensional echocardiography].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to analyse the role of 2D echocardiogram (ECHO) in the diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism (PE), and in the follow-up after fibrinolytic or surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiographic studies were retrospectively analysed in seven patients, 5 male, mean age 37 +/- 19 years, with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) confirmed by pulmonary angiography. Six of them were submitted to fibrinolytic therapy with IV streptokinase (SK), and one underwent surgery. The diagnosis of PE by ECHO was made by the detection of thrombi in the pulmonary vascular bed. ECHO measurements included the right ventricular diastolic diameter (RVDD), interventricular septal motion (IVS), acceleration time (AcT), and peak pulmonary artery pressure (PAP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ECHO study diagnosed thrombi in five out of seven patients (71%), mainly if they were present in the right main pulmonary artery (four cases -80%). It was also able to locate one out of five patients with thrombus in the right lobar artery and one out of two patients in the left main pulmonary artery; it was unable to identify six patients with involvement of the left lobar arteries. Four out of five patients with PE, diagnosed by ECHO, were submitted to fibrinolytic therapy, and one underwent surgery. The follow-up study showed dissolution of the thrombus in three of those with SK and in the one with surgical treatment. The initial ECHO study showed five out of 7 patients with increased RVDD, 5/7 patients with abnormal IVS motion, and all of them with decreased AcT (64 +/- 16 ms). The PSP was 64.4 +/- 22.8 mmHg by ECHO, versus 75.4 +/- 24.03 mmHg by angiography (r = 0.78; p = 0.11). There was a reduction of the RVDD (30 +/- 5.02 to 23 +/- 2.2) and an increased of the AcT (50 +/- 10.8 to 106.67 +/- 16) at the serial examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ECHO study is an important tool for the diagnosis of PE, informing about pulmonary pressure, presence and position of thrombus, and treatment results.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Moléstias Cardiovasculares, São José do Rio Preto.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parro Júnior
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: da Silveira
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Thevenard
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Stefano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lesse
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Anacleto
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nicolau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right
chemical_list: D013300:Streptokinase
vernacular_title: Diagnóstico e acompanhamento terapêtico de pacientes com embolia pulmonar maciça através da ecocardiografia bidimensional.