title: Concentrations of amino acids in extracellular fluid after opening of the blood-brain barrier by intracarotid infusion of protamine sulfate.
abstract: This article evaluates the influence of an opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) on compounds in brain extracellular fluid. The concentrations of amino acids and some other primary amines were determined in dialysates sampled from the right parietal cortex of rats before and after an intracarotid infusion of protamine sulfate. Extravasated plasma proteins were visualized by Evans blue/albumin and immunohistochemistry. CSF albumin--an indicator of blood-CSF barrier opening--was quantified with immunoelectrophoresis. The brains were macroscopically edematous after 10 mg but not after 5 mg of protamine sulfate. The higher dose led to a 50% death rate. The concentrations of amino acids did not change 10 min after the BBB opening. No significant alterations in the amino acid concentrations were observed after the lower dose. The concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glycine, taurine, and phosphoethanolamine increased significantly within 50-80 min after the infusion of 10 mg of protamine sulfate. CSF albumin levels were significantly increased 1 h after infusion. We conclude that a dysfunction of the BBB, of a degree known to induce brain edema (10 mg of protamine sulfate), significantly increases the extracellular concentration of excitatory amino acids, GABA, taurine, and phosphoethanolamine in the extracellular space.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Westergren
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamberger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nordborg
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011479:Protamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D011479:Protamines; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D010100:Oxygen