title: Early bactericidal and sterilizing activities of ciprofloxacin in pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: The early bactericidal and sterilizing activities of ciprofloxacin were evaluated in the treatment of adult patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Two randomized prospective studies were performed in Northern Tanzania. In study 1, ten patients received either 750 mg ciprofloxacin or 300 ng isoniazid daily for 7 days. Counts of colony-forming units (cfu) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in early morning sputum were performed. In study 2, twenty patients received either a standard regimen of rifampin (R), isoniazid (H), pyrazinamide (Z), and ethambutol (E) (regimen HRZE) or a trial regimen of ciprofloxacin (C), isoniazid (H), and rifampin (R) (regimen HRC). Sputum colony counts were performed for 8 wk. Patients were tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. The results demonstrate that ciprofloxacin alone has useful early bactericidal activity, resulting in a mean daily fall of 0.20 log10cfu/ml/day during 7 days compared with 0.25 log10cfu/ml/day for isoniazid. When HRZE and HRC regimens were compared, the HRC regimen appeared to be inferior in its sterilizing ability, with a culture conversion rate of 67% at 2 months compared with 100% for HRZE. The difference in outcome was most marked in HIV-1 positive patients. The role of ciprofloxacin in combination regimens may be as a bactericidal rather than a sterilizing agent.
authors.affiliation: University Division of Communicable Diseases, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kisyombe
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Saruni
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Uiso
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: F I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Ngowi
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gillespie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D011718:Pyrazinamide; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D004977:Ethambutol; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin