title: Absence of an effect of the lithium-induced increase in cyclic GMP on the cyclic GMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE II). Evidence for cyclic AMP-specific hydrolysis.
abstract: Chronic treatment of rats with LiCl is known to induce a decrease in cAMP, while this decrease has also been found to occur together with both a simultaneous increase in total cortical phosphodiesterase (PDE; EC 3.1.4.17) activity and a concomitant increase in cGMP. These studies have implicated an involvement of PDE in lithium (Li+) action and it has been suggested that cGMP and the cGMP-stimulated PDE may be instrumental in the observed effects of Li+ on cAMP. In this study, three isozymes of PDE were isolated and identified from rat cortex and their activity determined, together with simultaneous measurement of cAMP and cGMP, after chronic treatment with oral LiCl (0.35% m/m). Li+ treatment exerted profound effects on cyclic nucleotides in the cortex, inducing significant suppression of cAMP while increasing cGMP levels. However, the ion only induced a slight but insignificant increase in the activities of the three PDE isozymes. To confirm these observations, methylparaben (MPB), a drug demonstrating both an ability to induce a selective stimulation of cAMP-specific PDE and also to lower intracellular levels of cGMP, was co-administration orally (0.4% m/m) with Li+ over the same period. This combination emphasized certain actions of Li+ not noted with Li+ alone. MPB inhibited the Li(+)-induced increase in cGMP, yet did not prevent the ion from decreasing cAMP. However, the combination of Li+ and MPB engendered a synergistic 100% increase in the activity of the membrane-bound, cAMP-specific PDE, PDE IV. This combination also produced a significant suppression of cAMP, while no reduction in cGMP was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carstens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taljaard
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003995:Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010226:Parabens / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D010226:Parabens; D003995:Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP; D008094:Lithium; C015358:methylparaben; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D006152:Cyclic GMP