title: Effect of pH and moderate hyperthermia on doxorubicin, epirubicin and aclacinomycin A cytotoxicity for Chinese hamster ovary cells.
abstract: The influence of extracellular pH on the cytotoxicity of the anthracyclines doxorubicin, epirubicin, and aclacinomycin A was examined at 37 degrees C and 41 degrees C in tissue culture. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were exposed for a total of 24 h to anthracyclines at doses ranging between 0.12 and 0.69 nmol/ml at pH 7.4, 6.7, and 6.4 and at 37 degrees C. Temperature elevation to 41 degrees C was carried out for 3 h after the initiation of the drug treatment. Doxorubicin and epirubicin were about equally cytotoxic in the pH range examined at both temperatures. Aclacinomycin A demonstrated a higher cytotoxicity at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C only at low doses. At low pH, however, aclacinomycin A was increasingly more effective with increasing dose as compared with doxorubicin and epirubicin. At 41 degrees C and at higher doses aclacinomycin A was even less cytotoxic than doxorubicin or epirubicin. Doxorubicin and epirubicin were less effective at lower pH. However, aclacinomycin A at doses of greater than 0.25 nmol/ml was more cytotoxic at low pH. Moderate hyperthermia did not increase the cytotoxicity of the three drugs at low pH, except for aclacinomycin A at doses of less than 0.25 nmol/ml. At pH 7.4, aclacinomycin A was even less effective at the elevated temperature. At doses of greater than 0.25 nmol/ml, moderate hyperthermia decreased the cytotoxicity of aclacinomycin A at low pH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kleeberger
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Röttinger
mesh_terms: D015250:Aclarubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin; D015250:Aclarubicin; D004317:Doxorubicin