title: Loxiglumide (CR1505), a cholecystokinin antagonist, specifically inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer lines xenografted into nude mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholecystokinin is thought to be an important factor regulating the growth of human pancreatic cancers. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of the cholecystokinin antagonist loxiglumide (CR1505) on the growth of human pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human gastrointestinal cancer xenografted tumors (one esophageal, one gastric, two colorectal, two biliary tract, and two pancreatic cancers) were transplanted into nude mice. The mice were given CR1505 at 250 mg/kg daily for 14 days, either subcutaneously or intragastrically, and the tumor volumes before and after treatment were compared. In vitro effects of CR1505 were assessed by measuring the DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine incorporation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CR1505 inhibited the growth of the two pancreatic cancer lines but did not inhibit the growth of the other lines. CR1505 also inhibited in vitro DNA synthesis in the two pancreatic cancer lines at lower concentrations than in the other lines. This pancreatic cancer-specific inhibitory effect of CR1505 was retarded by exogenously administered cholecystokinin in one pancreatic cancer line but was augmented in the other line. The effect of CR1505 was inhibited by oral administration of the trypsin-inhibitor camostate (FOY-305) in both pancreatic cancer lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CR1505 may specifically inhibit the growth of human pancreatic cancers and may be suitable for clinical study. However, its antiproliferative effect may not necessarily be dependent on its cholecystokinin-antagonism but may be mediated through the proteolytic enzymes found in the lysosomes of the pancreatic cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Shimane Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsubono
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004952:Esters; D016670:Gabexate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011377:Proglumide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012844:Sincalide / Q000494:pharmacology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D006146:Guanidines; C034532:camostat; D016670:Gabexate; C053737:loxiglumide; D002738:Chloroquine; D004247:DNA; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D011377:Proglumide; D012844:Sincalide