title: Enterotoxic effect of stool supernatant of Cryptosporidium-infected calves on human jejunum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical pattern of cryptosporidial diarrhea suggests an enterotoxic mechanism. No evidence for this mechanism has been reported thus far. This study aimed to look for enterotoxic effect elaborated by Cryptosporidium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects on human intestinal transport of stool supernatant of diarrheal calves infected with Cryptosporidium parvum were examined. Aliquots of centrifuged and filtered stools were added to the mucosal or serosal side of human jejunum obtained from patients undergoing surgery and mounted in Ussing chambers. Electrical parameters were recorded. Stool supernatants of uninfected calves served as a control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mucosal addition of 2.5 mg protein of fecal supernatant from diarrheal calves induced a prompt and significant increase in short circuit current with no effects on tissue conductance. The serosal addition of this material and the addition of control supernatant to either side did not induce modifications of electrical parameters. The enterotoxic effect was dose-dependent and saturable. It was reversible by withdrawing the supernatant from the incubation medium. The electrical effect was chloride- and calcium-dependent and was sensitive to heating.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An enterotoxic activity is present in the stools of Cryptosporidium-infected calves. This activity may be responsible for secretory diarrhea in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guarino
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Canani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pozio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terracciano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Albano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzeo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D002712:Chlorides / Q000502:physiology; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004768:Enterotoxins; D002118:Calcium