title: Towards a protocol for measurement of maximum spatial peak temporal average acoustic intensity from diagnostic B mode ultrasound scanners in the field.
abstract: The Northern Regional Medical Physics Department has been involved in measurement of the acoustic output of diagnostic ultrasound equipment for several years. As the complexity of diagnostic ultrasound equipment has increased, so have the problems of measuring the acoustic outputs of this equipment in the field. Measurements made in the field are often made on unfamiliar pieces of equipment and under tight constraints of time. In these circumstances the magnitude and the conditions under which the true maximum Ispta value occurs may not always be found. The aim of a measurement protocol is therefore to facilitate the measurement of Ispta in the field, so that the measured maximum Ispta value is as close as possible to the 'true maximum' Ispta value. To be of practical benefit the protocol must be succinct and easy to use, as well as applicable to most if not all types of scanner. Our experience has led us to believe that this is possible and that the benefits of a well designed measurement protocol will far outweigh any disadvantages. The development of two measurement protocols is discussed in this paper. The time required to carry out each measurement depends on the number of assumptions made about the operation of the scanner in the protocol used. The first protocol makes very few assumptions about the operation of a scanner; the results from measurements made using this protocol can be used to assess the validity of the much larger number of assumptions made in the second protocol. The results from measurements on three types of scanner using the two protocols are presented. The results demonstrate the validity of most of the assumptions made by the protocols and the potential benefits of using a protocol for measurement of maximum Ispta in the field in terms of reduced measurement time and greater consistency.
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Physics Department, Newcastle General Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jago
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Willson
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Whittingham
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D006801:Humans; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards