title: Azaphilones inhibit tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mice.
abstract: Monascorubrin (an azaphilone derivative) was isolated from Monascus anka, 'Monascus pigment', a natural pigment of food additivies, was extracted from Monasucs spp., and chaetoviridin A, one of the azaphilones, was isolated from Chaetomium globosum var. flavo-viridae. Application of 1 microgram of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumor promoting agent, to the mouse ear resulted in induction of inflammation. Among monascorubrin and related compounds assayed, monascorubrin, chaetoviridin A and its related compounds inhibited the inflammatory activity of TPA in mice. The 50% inhibitory dose of these compounds for TPA-induced inflammation was 0.4-1.5 mumol. Furthermore, monascorubrin (2 mumol), chaetoviridin A (2 mumol) and Monascus pigment (1 mg) markedly suppressed the promoting effect of TPA (1 microgram) on skin tumor formation in mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (50 micrograms). It is assumed that the inhibition of tumor promotion by monascorubrin, chaetoviridin A and Monascus pigment is due to anti-inflammatory activity.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasukawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takido
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D007249:Inflammation; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D001578:Benzopyrans; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate