title: Differentiating systolic from diastolic heart failure: pathophysiologic and therapeutic considerations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare and contrast the pathophysiology and therapy of heart failure with normal and abnormal systolic ventricular function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of basic pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical data, and therapeutic trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical features of heart failure may be similar regardless of whether ventricular function is normal or abnormal. However, the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to heart failure with normal ventricular function differ considerably from those producing heart failure with abnormal systolic function. The key problems in heart failure with abnormal systolic function involve impaired contractility, neuroendocrine activation, increased intracardiac volume and pressure, and enhanced sensitivity to change in afterload. With normal systolic function, the key problem is an abnormal diastolic pressure/volume relationship, which may be due to a variety of active and passive processes affecting diastole. Assessing left ventricular systolic function is crucial before initiating therapy in a patient with heart failure, since treatment for systolic dysfunction may be ineffective or even counterproductive if symptoms are due to abnormal diastolic properties with preserved systolic function.
authors.affiliation: Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55415.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dick
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003971:Diastole; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D013599:Systole