title: Effects of selected neuroactive chemicals on calcium transporting systems in rat cerebellum and on survival of cerebellar granule cells.
abstract: This investigation examined the relationship between alteration of Ca(2+)-transport systems and cytotoxicity in vitro for a number of neuroactive chemicals including environmental pollutants. 45Ca2+ uptake as a measure of Ca2+ sequestration was determined in mitochondria and microsomes isolated from cerebella of adult male Long-Evans hooded rats by differential centrifugation. Ca2+ extrusion, measured as Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, was determined in synaptosomes prepared by sucrose density gradient. Cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase leakage) was assessed in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells from 6- to 8-day-old Long-Evans rats. N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) did not alter synaptosomal Ca(2+)-ATPase activity or 45Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria and microsomes. However, chlorpromazine (CPZ), aluminum (Al), permethrin (PER), and deltamethrin (DEL) inhibited Ca2+ sequestration by mitochondria and microsomes. The IC50 values (microM) for CPZ, Al, PER, and DEL were 67.8, 671, 4.2, and 91.2 for mitochondrial 45Ca2+ uptake, and 129.9, 1384, > 50, and > 200 for microsomal 45Ca2+ uptake, respectively. CPZ, PER, and DEL also inhibited synaptosomal Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 62.5, > 400, and 246.9 microM, indicating an effect on the Ca(2+)-extrusion process. Al increased Ca(2+)-ATPase activity (EC50 = 833 microM). Although NMDA did not inhibit Ca(2+)-transport systems, it was cytotoxic at 250 microM and higher concentrations after 2 hr of exposure. Similarly, CPZ was cytotoxic at concentrations of 25 and 10 microM after 4 hr exposure. However, PER, DEL, and Al were not cytotoxic at any concentration up to 500 microM. Of all the chemicals tested, CPZ was the most potent in inhibiting Ca(2+)-transporting systems and was also cytotoxic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kodavanti
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Tilson
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Harry
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000502:physiology; D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008861:Microsomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D000535:Aluminum; D002118:Calcium; D002746:Chlorpromazine