title: Relationship between load of virus in alveolar macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons, production of cytokines, and clinical status.
abstract: The level of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes (MP) from the blood and pulmonary alveoli from 14 HIV-1-infected subjects during early (asymptomatic) and late (AIDS) stages of disease and the relationship between virus burden in MP and cytokine expression were assessed. Among asymptomatic subjects, HIV-1 was undetectable or low in both blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages (AM). Among subjects with AIDS, there was a significant increase of HIV-1 in AM but not monocytes. The level of HIV-1 in blood lymphocytes was higher than in either monocytes or AM. AM (but not monocytes) expressed increased levels of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine mRNA (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6) during both early and late stages of HIV-1 infection regardless of virus load. AM thus may serve as a reservoir for virus in late stages of disease yet contribute to the immunopathogenesis of lung disease in both early and late stages through increased cytokine expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospital of Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4984.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Sierra-Madero
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Toossi
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hom
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Finegan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoenig
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rich
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases