title: Some aspects of the reliability of Touwen's examination of the child with minor neurological dysfunction.
abstract: Three studies concerning the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Touwen examination are presented. The results of the first study showed that it was not possible to achieve acceptable levels of reliability using the manual as the only reference for instruction. Although the reliability estimates of the total scores were good, inter-rater reliability for the nine groups of items and the individual tasks within them was poor. When methodology and interpretation of performance was agreed between observers, a second study showed that these disagreements diminished. The third study demonstrated that the short-term stability of total scores is good, but reliability for group and individual item scores remained poor.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Education, University of London.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kakebeeke
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jongmans
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dubowitz
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results