title: Characteristics of low-density lipoprotein subfractions from patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has been reported to enhance cholesterol ester accumulation in aortic cells. The LDL of patients with CAD also has a higher mean density than the LDL of healthy subjects, indicating a different subspecies distribution. Because these density differences may be associated with altered metabolism and atherogenicity of LDL, we studied the properties and effects of isolated LDL subfractions on cell lipid metabolism and cholesterol accumulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma pools of patients with angiographically proven CAD (A) and healthy controls (C) were used to isolate and fractionate LDL into five subfractions (1 to 5, from the lowest to the highest density) by gradient ultracentrifugation. Each of the LDL subfractions was analyzed for particle diameter, chemical composition, sialic acid content, and their effect on lipid content and cholesterol esterification in arterial cell and macrophage cultures, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chemical compositions of the respective subfractions revealed no differences between patients and controls, except that the sialic acid content was reduced in dense LDL subfractions, especially in the samples from patients with CAD (fractions A3, A4, A5, and C5). LDL subfractions with reduced sialic acid content also enhanced the incorporation of [14C]-oleate into cholesterol esters in mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures (fractions A4, A5, and C5) and increased the cholesterol ester content in primary cultures of human aortic intimal cells (fractions A3, A4, A5, and C5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the dense LDL subfractions of patients with CAD are atherogenic by promoting intracellular cholesterol ester accumulation. The results also suggest that the atherogenicity is associated with reduced sialic acid content of the LDL subspecies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jaakkola
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Solakivi
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Tertov
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Orekhov
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikkari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; D019301:Oleic Acid; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis; D014461:Ultracentrifugation
chemical_list: D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D012794:Sialic Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid