title: Use of the soluble peptide gamma-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosine to provide tyrosine in total parenteral nutrition in rats.
abstract: Limited solubility restricts amounts of tyrosine (Tyr) in amino acid solutions used in total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Excess phenylalanine (Phe) is included in TPN for conversion to Tyr by liver Phe hydroxylase. However, this conversion is limited, especially in infants. We have confirmed that infants receiving TPN have low Tyr concentrations and high Phe/Tyr ratios in plasma compared with published values for enterally fed neonates. Tyr is important in the synthesis of proteins and other biomolecules, including catecholamines in the brain. We tested the soluble peptide gamma-glutamyl-tyrosine (Glu(Tyr)) as a possible precursor of Tyr in TPN. Groups of five rats were given infusions of TPN containing an amino acid mixture simulating a commercial formulation (group A), TPN in which Glu(Tyr) was substituted for half the Phe in the group A solution) (group B), or saline (group C). Control animals (group C) were fed rodent chow. Blood was sampled at 0 time and daily for 4 days. Brains were collected at 96 hours, and aromatic amino acids in plasma and brains were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Throughout the experiment, plasma of animals in group A had significantly elevated Phe and reduced Tyr concentrations compared with control values; plasma concentrations in groups B and C were similar. In groups A and B, brain Tyr levels were 31% and 63% of control values, respectively. In group B, Glu(Tyr) was not detected in brains. These data suggest that supplementing current TPN mixtures with Glu(Tyr), which is stable in solution, can produce normal plasma Tyr concentrations and Phe/Tyr ratios and improve the supply of Tyr to the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40292.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Radmacher
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hilton
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Hilton
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Adamkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012995:Solubility; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine; C054674:gamma-glutamyltyrosine