title: Age as a prognostic factor for breast and regional nodal recurrence following breast conserving surgery and irradiation in stage I and II breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between age and breast/regional nodal relapse following breast conserving surgery and irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of treatment in 511 patients with 519 Stage I and II breast cancers treated at Mallinkrodt Institute of Radiology and affiliated hospitals between 1958 and 1988 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy women, of whom 96% had axillary dissections, were 39 years of age or younger. These young patients were more likely to have chemotherapy (p < 0.0001), and tumor bed reexcision (p < 0.01), and less likely to have an undissected axilla (p < 0.01), or estrogen receptor positive tumor (p = 0.02) than the older women (> 40 years). Although breast recurrence tended to appear earlier in the younger patients (12% at 5 years for those < 40 years vs. 6% at 5 years for those older), by 7 years the breast failure rate for the two groups was the same (12%), p = 0.13. In the 37 women 35 years of age or younger, the actuarial rate of breast recurrence was 9% at 7 years. Compared to other series in the literature, in which cancers were grossly excised without regard to the microscopic margins of resection, and reexcision was not routinely performed, young women treated with breast conserving surgery and irradiation at our institution frequently underwent reexcision of the tumor bed (57%), and had negative pathologic margins of resection (75%). Regional nodal relapse was in general uncommon, and not seen with increased frequency in the youngest cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience suggests that young age is not a contraindication to breast conserving surgery and irradiation. Although breast cancers in this cohort may have certain features rendering them prone to local failure, we believe this risk can be mitigated by appropriate patient selection and optimal surgical resection.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Halverson
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Myerson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Philpott
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rush
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone