title: CD28-mediated costimulation of interleukin 2 (IL-2) production plays a critical role in T cell priming for IL-4 and interferon gamma production.
abstract: Naive T cells require interleukin 4 (IL-4) to develop into IL-4-producing T cells and IL-4 blocks development of such cells into interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) producers. Prior studies in accessory cell-independent priming systems using antireceptor antibodies as agonists have demonstrated that IL-2 is also necessary for the development of IL-4-producing cells under these culture conditions. Here we have examined the role of IL-2 and the CD28 costimulation pathway in priming for IL-4 and IFN-gamma production using a more physiologic model. This involved antigen presentation by accessory cells to naive CD4+ T cells from transgenic mice whose cells express a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a cytochrome c peptide in association with I-Ek. With splenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), inhibition of CD28 costimulation by the fusion protein CTLA4-immunoglobulin (Ig) blocked effective priming. Similarly, transfected fibroblasts expressing both MHC class II and the CD28 ligand B7 could prime for IL-4 production and such priming also was blocked by CTLA4-Ig. However, APCs deficient in CD28 ligands also could prime TCR transgenic T cells to become IL-4 producers if an exogenous source of IL-2, as well as IL-4, was provided, and the inhibition of priming seen with splenic or transfected fibroblast APCs in the presence of CTLA4-Ig could be reversed by addition of IL-2. Likewise, priming for IFN-gamma production could be blocked by CTLA4-Ig and reversed by IL-2. Thus, we conclude that IL-2 plays a critical role in priming naive CD4+ T cells to become IL-4 or IFN-gamma producers. Engagement of the CD28 pathway, although normally important in such priming, is unnecessary in the presence of exogenous IL-2.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Seder
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Germain
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Linsley
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D046508:Culture Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma