title: The role of nitric oxide in endothelium-dependent vasodilation of hypercholesterolemic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with hypercholesterolemia have a reduced response to endothelium-dependent vasodilators. However, the regulatory function of the endothelium on vascular tone is mediated through the release of several vasoactive substances; therefore, a reduced response to endothelium-dependent agents does not identify which of the factors released by the endothelium is involved in this abnormality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To investigate the role of nitric oxide in the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemia, we studied the effect of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, on basal vascular tone and on the responses to acetylcholine, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and to sodium nitroprusside, a direct smooth muscle dilator. The study included 33 hypercholesterolemic patients (17 men; 51 +/- 8 years; plasma cholesterol, > or = 240 mg/dL) and 23 normal controls (12 men; 48 +/- 7 years; plasma cholesterol, < 210 mg/dL). Drugs were infused into the brachial artery, and the response of the forearm vasculature was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Basal blood flow and vascular resistance were similar in hypercholesterolemic patients and normal controls (3.1 +/- 1 versus 2.6 +/- 0.8 mL/min per 100 mL and 32.1 +/- 13 versus 36.1 +/- 12 mm Hg/mL-1.min-1.100 mL-1, respectively). The reduction in basal blood flow and increase in vascular resistance produced by L-NMMA were not significantly different between the two groups. L-NMMA markedly blunted the response to acetylcholine in normals (maximum flow decreased from 16.4 +/- 8 to 7.0 +/- 3; P < .005); however, the arginine analogue did not significantly modify the response to acetylcholine in the hypercholesterolemic patients (maximum flow, 11.1 +/- 8 versus 10.0 +/- 8). L-NMMA did not modify the vasodilator response to sodium nitroprusside in either controls or patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that hypercholesterolemic patients have a defect in the bioactivity of nitric oxide that may explain their impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 20892.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Casino
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kilcoyne
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Quyyumi
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hoeg
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Panza
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D000109:Acetylcholine