title: Study on the reference dose level in radiotherapy treatment planning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The reference dose level of the dose distribution in the tumor volume is studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is performed using a formula based on the Linear Quadratic (LQ) model. The calculated reference dose level to which the prescribed dose must be referred, for the eradication of a homogeneous tumor, is investigated by varying the dose distribution, that is, the dose volume histogram shape, its range, the prescribed total dose, the fraction size and the linear quadratic model parameters, alpha and beta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all the simulated dose volume histograms the calculated reference dose level is lower than the mean dose level, depending on the range of dose variation and the considered tumor sensitivity. When the dose nonuniformity is not too great the reference dose level is very near to the mean dose level; when the inhomogeneity of dose distribution is high the reference level is clearly lower than the mean level but not necessarily equal to the minimum level in the tumor. For the dose volume histograms derived from the actual dose distributions obtained from a two tangential beams technique, a four beams technique and a moving beam technique, the reference levels are calculated and compared with the ICRU 29 reference point dose level. In two cases the reference levels are lower than the level at the ICRU 29 reference point. In the case of the four beams technique, the two levels are equal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These theoretical results show the possibility of administering the prescribed dose to a dose level higher than the minimum in the tumor, with the same value of Tumor Control Probability (TCP) as the one corresponding to a uniform tumor irradiation. The application of the proposed study can offer a general support to the choice of the reference dose level, based on the actual dose distribution in the tumor volume.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Fisica Medica e Sistemi Esperti, C.R.S. Istituto Regina Elena per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Begnozzi
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiatti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carpino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fragomeni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benassi
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011336:Probability; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage / Q000592:standards*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted