title: Changes in women's physical health during the first postpartum year.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine changes in women's physical health during the first postpartum year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed surveys at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post partum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred thirty-six first-time mothers who gave birth at one of two St Paul, Minn, hospitals during a 12-month period and who met the criteria for the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical symptoms and number of illness days experienced within the previous 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical problems seen at a higher prevalence at 1 month post partum included breast symptoms, vaginal discomfort, fatigue, hemorrhoids, poor appetite, constipation, increased sweating, acne, hand numbness or tingling, dizziness, hot flashes, and illness days. Several of these disorders--hemorrhoids, dizziness, fatigue, and constipation--persisted beyond 1 month and were joined by other "late" problems, including respiratory symptoms, sexual concerns, and hair loss. Women who returned to the work force noted more symptoms of respiratory infections, and women with vaginal deliveries had a higher prevalence of hemorrhoids, vaginal discomfort, pain with intercourse, difficulty reaching orgasm, sinus problems, and acne.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recovery from childbirth often requires more than the 6 weeks traditionally allotted, and postpartum health appears to be affected by delivery type and work status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gjerdingen
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Froberg
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chaloner
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McGovern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000453:epidemiology; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D016524:Parental Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000453:epidemiology; D013383:Suburban Population