title: Growth in utero and serum cholesterol concentrations in adult life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To see whether reduced rates of fetal growth are related to raised serum cholesterol concentrations in adult life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow up study of men and women whose size at birth had been recorded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Jessop and Northern General Hospitals, Sheffield.
  
  
  METHODS
  219 men and women born in the Jessop Hospital during 1939-40.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men and women who had had a small abdominal circumference at birth had raised serum concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. This was independent of the duration of gestation. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol fell by 0.25 mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.42) with each 1 in (2.54 cm) increase in abdominal circumference. The corresponding figure for serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol was 0.26 mmol/l (0.11 to 0.42) and for serum apolipoprotein B 0.04 g/l (0.02 to 0.07). Small head and chest circumferences at birth and short length were each associated with raised serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations but the trends disappeared in a simultaneous regression with abdominal circumference at birth. The association between abdominal circumference at birth and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was independent of social class, current body weight, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raised serum cholesterol concentrations in adult life are associated with impaired growth during late gestation, when fetal undernutrition has a disproportionate effect on liver growth. Impaired liver growth may permanently alter low density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism.
authors.affiliation: MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Martyn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osmond
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Hales
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fall
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000032:analysis; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol