title: Reflectivity and learning from aversive events: toward a psychological mechanism for the syndromes of disinhibition.
abstract: Gorenstein and Newman (1980) proposed that poorly modulated responding for reward is the common diathesis underlying disinhibited behavior in several traditionally distinct person categories: psychopathy, hysteria, early onset alcoholism, childhood hyperactivity, and nonpathological impulsivity (e.g., extraversion). The authors extend this proposal by theorizing a psychological mechanism that highlights relations among disinhibition, reflection, and failures to learn from aversive feedback. The hypothesized mechanism is presented as 4 generic stages of response modulation: the dominant response set, the reaction to an aversive event, the subsequent behavioral adaptation, and the immediate and long-term consequences of reflection, or the lack thereof. The mechanism has implications for disinhibited individuals' impulsivity and provides a point of departure to study factors responsible for similarities and differences among these syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009042:Motivation; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*