title: Effect of selective thiol-group derivatization on enzyme kinetics of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.
abstract: (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) is a phosphatidylcholine-requiring tetrameric enzyme with two thiol groups (SH-1 and SH-2) per protomer. By first protecting the more rapidly reacting thiol group (SH-1) with diamide [1,1'-azobis-(NN'-dimethylformamide), DM] to form DM(SH-1)BDH, SH-2 can be selectively derivatized by reaction with maleimide reagents such as 4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl (MSL), which gives DM(SH-1)MSL(SH-2)BDH. Reduction with dithiothreitol (DTT) regenerates SH-1, yielding MAL(SH-2)BDH (where MAL is the diamagnetic reduction product of MSL-BDH and DTT). The enzymic activity of DM(SH-1)BDH is decreased to approx. 4% relative to the native purified enzyme, and the apparent Km for substrate, KmBOH, is increased approx. 100-fold. Reduction of DM(SH-1)BDH with DTT regenerates SH-1 and restores normal enzymic function. Modification of SH-2 with piperidinylmaleimide [MAL(SH-2)BDH] diminishes enzymic activity to approx. 35% of its original value, but has no significant effect on apparent KmBOH. The doubly derivatized enzyme, DM(SH-1)MSL(SH-2)BDH, has lower enzymic activity [about half that for DM(SH-2)BDH] and a yet higher apparent KmBOH than DM(SH-1)BDH. Derivatization of SH-2 with different maleimide reagents results in diminished activity approximately proportional to the size of the maleimide substituent, suggesting that this inhibition is steric. Whereas modification of SH-1 results in marked changes in kinetic parameters (increased apparent Km and reduced apparent Vmax), derivatization of SH-2 has a lesser effect on enzymic function. Thus SH-1 is postulated to be closer to the active centre than is SH-2, although neither is involved in catalysis, since: (1) the activity of the derivatized enzyme is not abolished; and (2) activity can be enhanced by increasing substrate (and cofactor) concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleischer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D006884:Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007700:Kinetics; D008301:Maleimides; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000201:enzymology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008301:Maleimides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D006884:Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase