title: One hundred and fifty men with urinary incontinence. III. Psychosocial consequences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the psychosocial impact of urinary incontinence among men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone interviews with men who had give their written consent to participate.
  
  
  METHODS
  150 men were available for interviews out of 571 who had asked for information about urinary incontinence and free samples of pads by post.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire which mapped demographic data, occupational status, medical history, medication, and toilet habits. Duration, frequency, and amount of leakage were registered, and the incontinence was classified according to a symptom questionnaire. Consultations and other sources of help were also registered, together with use of control methods, emotional, practical, and social consequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four per cent stated that their incontinence was a negligible problem. Generally, increasing severity of the incontinence caused more mental distress and social restrictions. Younger men were more handicapped than the older men. Practical inconveniences and social restrictions increased with longer duration of the incontinence. A multiple regression analysis, using a severity index, duration, type, and age as explanatory variables for the degree of mental distress, practical inconveniences, and social restrictions could explain 7%, 12%, and 25% of the variation in these groups of consequences, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary incontinence is associated with negative psychosocial effects, the impact increasing with the severity of the incontinence and decreasing with age of the incontinent men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunskaar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sandvik
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*