title: Sequence analysis of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I strains from southern India: gene amplification and direct sequencing from whole blood blotted onto filter paper.
abstract: Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection in India has been found to be associated with adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) among life-long residents of southern India. To examine the heterogeneity of HTLV-I strains from southern India and to determine their relationship with the sequence variants of HTLV-I from Melanesia, 1149 nucleotides spanning selected regions of the HTLV-I gag, pol, env and pX genes were amplified and directly sequenced from DNA extracted from whole blood blotted onto filter paper and from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, obtained from one patient with HAM/TSP, two with ATLL and eight asymptomatic carriers from Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Sequence alignments and comparisons indicated that the 11 HTLV-I strains from southern India were 99.2% to 100% identical among themselves and 98.7% to 100% identical to the Japanese prototype HTLV-I ATK. The majority of base substitutions were transitions and silent. No frameshifts, insertions, deletions or possibly disease-specific base changes were found in the regions sequenced. The observed clustering of the Indian HTLV-I strains with those from Japan, as determined by the maximum parsimony method, suggested a common source of HTLV-I infection with subsequent parallel evolution. Amplification of DNA from blood specimens collected on filter paper may be useful for the study of other blood-borne pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Nerurkar
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Melland
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gnanamuthu
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Saraswathi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chandy
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Godec
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000235:genetics; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008542:Melanesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic / Q000235:genetics; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; C055266:gp46 protein, Human T-cell leukemia virus type I