title: Demonstration and characterization of simultaneous production of a thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH/I) and a TDH-related hemolysin (TRHx) by a clinically isolated Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain, TH3766.
abstract: Simultaneous production of a thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)-like toxin (TDHx) and a TDH-related hemolysin (TRH)-like toxin (TRHx) by a clinical isolate (strain TH3766) of Kanagawa phenomenon-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus was demonstrated and characterized. The two hemolysins were differentially purified by column chromatography on hydroxyapatite and immunoaffinity columns. The molecular weight of the two hemolysins were estimated to be 23,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The purified TDHx was indistinguishable from the previously reported TDH/I (from strain TH012) but was different from the authentic TDH of a Kanagawa phenomenon-positive strain (T4750) physicochemically. The mobility of TRHx in nondenaturing PAGE differed from all the known TDHs and TRHs. The genes (tdhX and trhX) coding for TDHx and TRHx were cloned and sequenced. Homologies of nucleotide sequences of the coding regions between tdhX and tdhA (a gene for the authentic TDH) and between trhX and trh (a gene for the authentic TRH) were 98.1 and 99.1%, respectively, and homology between tdhX and trhX was 68.1%. At the amino acid level, TdhX was completely identical to TDH/I, although two base differences were found in the nucleotide sequences between tdhX and tdh/I. Two amino acid differences were observed between TrhX and Trh. Thus, these findings suggest that the TH3766 strain produces two types of hemolysins simultaneously. This is the first evidence that a strain of V. parahaemolyticus produces two types of toxins of the TDH-TRH family at the same time.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takarada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miwatani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C068489:thermostable direct hemolysin