title: Response of sympatho-adrenal axis and adrenal cortex to short-term restraint stress in sheep.
abstract: The sympatho-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal cortex axes are the most sensitive, and specific indicators of stress in animals. Increased plasma levels of catecholamines and glucocorticoids are generally considered as the classical response to stress. Most experiments on immobilization have been performed on rats and only a few of them concerned domestic animals. In this experiment we want to learn whether short-term restraint-a stressor most commonly used in animal husbandry-is a stressor for sheep (ewes) like in rats. For this reason we measured adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA) (radioenzymatic method), cortisol (RIA method), glucose and free fatty acids (FFA). Unlike in rats, in stressed sheep the peak of A appeared earlier than the NA peak, i.e. at 2 and 5 min. of stress, respectively. In contrast to rats, the basal and stress levels of NA exceeded the corresponding level of A. Cortisol concentration rose 7 fold above baseline and maximal concentration appeared at a time (15-30 min.) observed in other animal species. A similar time-related increase was observed in the plasma FFA concentration. It increased maximally 3.2 fold at 15 min. of stress. A significant correlation coefficient was found between plasma cortisol and FFA (r = 0.91) what may suggest the lipolytic effect of ACTH and/or a positive feedback of FFA on the hypophysis-adrenal axis. The plasma glucose of stressed animals rose only 1.47 fold above the basal level. A significant correlation was found between cortisol and glucose (r = 0.53) whereas no correlations have been obtained between A, NA and glucose or FFA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Academy of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niezgoda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bobek
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wronska-Fortuna
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wierzchos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006854:Hydrocortisone