title: The relative contributions of different intracellular and sarcolemmal systems to relaxation in rat ventricular myocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to estimate the relative contributions of the various intracellular and sarcolemmal systems to the relaxation of the systolic calcium transient.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiments were performed on isolated rat ventricular myocytes. The cells were loaded with the fluorescent indicator indo-1 in order to measure [Ca2+]i.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The application of caffeine to release calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum produced a rise of [Ca2+]i which decayed about 7-8 times more slowly than the electrically stimulated calcium transient. This suggests that the sarcoplasmic reticulum accounts for about 87% of the calcium removal. The rate of decay of the caffeine response was decreased to about 33% of the control by inhibiting the Na-Ca exchange with Ni2+. In the presence of Ni2+ the rate could be inhibited further by inhibiting either the sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase (by increasing extracellular calcium concentration, [Ca2+]o) or the mitochondria (with FCCP and oligomycin). The relative contributions of the various processes were estimated to be: sarcoplasmic reticulum 87%, mitochondria 1.7%, Na-Ca 8.7%, sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase 2.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiments show that the Na-Ca exchange accounts for 67% of the calcium removal not mediated by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This is a smaller fraction than in rabbit cardiac cells and highlights the importance of the Ca-ATPase in the rat heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Negretti
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Eisner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000378:metabolism*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine; D009532:Nickel; D012964:Sodium; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium