title: High and low responsiveness to vaccines in farm animals.
abstract: Low responsiveness in some farm animals is emerging as a problem in the application of newly developed vaccines which operate at skin surfaces and mucous membranes. Breeding for resistance to specific diseases seems to be associated with breeding for specific immune responsiveness in farm animals and very likely this involves selection for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype. However, other factors contribute to low responsiveness and these include poor nutrition, sire effects, antigenic competition and inadequate effector mechanisms. The future of newly developed vaccines will rest on the solution to the low responder problem, and once solved, the application of these vaccines will be fully utilized for disease control in farm animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Farm Animal Medicine and Production, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Outteridge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000276:immunology*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014612:Vaccines