Emergent simple discrimination in children: preference for non-preferred stimuli.
Previous research (Smeets, 1991) suggested that when given a new discrimination, children respond on the basis of physical similarity with previously discriminated stimuli. They respond to a stimulus similar to another preferred stimulus (S+ transfer) and respond away from a stimulus similar to another nonpreferred stimulus (S- transfer). When both types of transfer apply to the same stimulus (S+ transfer prevails, S+ Priority Transfer (S+PT). The present study demonstrated that S+PT also occurs when the criterion task consists of two nonpreferred stimuli. When given a choice between two previously nonpreferred stimuli, one similar and one dissimilar to other preferred stimuli, children select the first one. They do not so, however, when a nonpreferred stimulus resembling another preferred stimulus is presented with a new nonpreferred stimulus. These findings suggest that the children's preferences were not based on the physical resemblance with other (non)preferred stimuli but on the functions (S+, S-, S0) of individual stimulus components. A theoretical model is presented that accounts for all experimental data reported in the previous and present study. The model implies that discriminative responding not only results from but also determines the functional properties of individual stimulus elements.
Smeets
P M
PM
Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Holland.
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003118:Color Perception; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D014796:Visual Perception