title: Primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction in 1,000 consecutive patients. Results in an unselected population and high-risk subgroups.
abstract: Primary angioplasty (direct angioplasty without antecedent thrombolytic therapy) has remained an exclusive and consistent method of infarct intervention at our institution over the past 13 years. A total of 1,000 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in our primary angioplasty database. Of patients presenting to our group with an acute myocardial infarction, 96% of those eligible received immediate angioplasty. Cardiogenic shock was noted in 79 patients (7.9%). The mean time from pain onset to reperfusion was 5.4 +/- 4.0 hours. Infarct-vessel recanalization was accomplished in 94% of patients. Recanalization rates were similar among the 3 native epicardial coronary systems but were lower in bypass grafts (86%; p < 0.0001). Overall in-hospital mortality was 7.8%; mortality with cardiogenic shock was 44%. Global ejection fraction increased from 49.7% preangioplasty to 57.4% at the time of dismissal. The amount of myocardial salvage was highly dependent on the size of the initial infarction (the largest infarctions benefiting the most). Patients reperfused in < 2 hours experienced a very low mortality (4%) and impressive myocardial salvage. Complications included stroke in 0.5%, significant bleeding in 2.8%, and early reocclusion of the infarct vessel in 13%. Primary angioplasty is broadly applicable to patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction and results in a very high rate of infarct vessel recanalization, with a mortality rate of 7.8%. This strategy may be uniquely effective in patients presenting with cardiogenic shock, large infarctions, contraindications to thrombolytic therapy, and prior bypass surgery.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Consultants, Inc., Kansas City, MO 64111.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Hartzler
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000075202:Contraindications; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome