title: Outcomes of children in a persistent vegetative state.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term outcomes and resource utilization of children discharged home in a vegetative state following neurologic injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients' homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children discharged from acute and chronic care hospitals with a diagnosis and discharge examination consistent with the vegetative state.
  
  
  METHODS
  Home care delivered, in part, by registered nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessed outcomes included survival/death, mental status, functional status, costs, and personnel requirements and technologies used for home care. A mailed questionnaire and telephone follow-up were used to assess patients awareness and caretaker satisfaction with home care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children were followed in the vegetative state for 4.5 +/- 2.9 yrs. Six children died at home and two children died after rehospitalization. Twelve children survived at home, all for > 1 yr; eight children survived for > 3 yrs. Most patients were stable after the first year of home care. Twelve of 13 caretakers felt their child had some minimal awareness (e.g., voice recognition), although all children remained totally dependent. Costs of care averaged > $90,000/yr per patient. Care included 10 to 12 hrs/day of professional nursing care, and extensive time investments by other personnel, including public school personnel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term outcome for children discharged from the hospital in a persistent vegetative state was poor. Forty percent of the patients died and, at best, children showed only minimal awareness after an average of 4.5 yrs. Care costs were > $90,000/yr per patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Coble
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Cuerdon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003128:Coma / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006304:Health Status; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008396:Maryland; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015996:Survival Rate; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload