title: Studies on the delayed neuropathic and anticholinesterase potential of quinalphos (diethyl 2-quinoxalyl phosphorothionate) in hens.
abstract: Incidence of numerous human poisonings by quinalphos (Ekalux, Bayrusil) in agricultural areas near Belgrade initiated this study on the ability of the compound to inhibit hen brain neuropathy target esterase, acetylcholinesterase and plasma butyrylcholinesterase in vivo. Hens were treated with a single oral dose ranging from 25 to 600 mg kg-1 quinalphos (LD50 = 72 mg kg-1) or 500 mg kg-1 triorthocresyl phosphate (positive control), sacrificed 24-96 h later for enzyme assays and monitored for 25 days for evaluation of walking impairments. High inhibition (> 80%) of both cholinesterases was obtained with 25 and 50 mg kg-1 quinalphos. Doses of 200 and 600 mg kg-1 of the agent inhibited up to 23 and 28% of hen brain neuropathy target esterase activity, respectively. Clinical signs of neuropathy were not seen. Quinalphos was slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, as indicated by the severity of the cholinergic symptoms and the inhibition of neuropathy target esterase, which reached its maximum 72 and 96 h after poisoning. The results suggest that quinalphos, at doses tested, has no ability to cause delayed neuropathy in hens without showing signs of severe cholinergic intoxication.
authors.affiliation: Military Technical Institute, Medical Department, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jokanović
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; C009145:quinalphos; C028797:pralidoxime