Human immunodeficiency virus 1-specific IgA capture enzyme immunoassay for early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection in infants. NYC Perinatal HIV Transmission Study Group.
A simplified human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-specific IgA capture enzyme immunoassay (IgA-CEIA) was evaluated and compared with IgA-Western blot assay for early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants born to seropositive women. A total of 232 coded sera collected prospectively from 70 infants were tested. All 25 sera from 10 HIV-1-negative infants born to seronegative mothers (negative controls) were negative by both assays. All 111 sera from 37 seroreverting, uninfected infants were negative by IgA-CEIA (specificity, 100%), whereas 110 of 111 sera were negative by IgA-Western blot assay (specificity, > 99%). Overall IgA-CEIA detected HIV-IgA in 20 (87%) of 23 infected infants, and IgA-Western blot assay detected HIV-IgA in 21 (91.3%) of 23 infants; specimen-wise agreement between the 2 assays was > 80%. Analysis of results by age group indicated that after 2 months of age both assays were equivalent with sensitivity ranging from 60 to 80%. Quantitative data provided by IgA-CEIA suggests that the bulk of HIV-1 IgA synthesis in most HIV-1-infected infants occurs after 2 months of age.
Parekh
B S
BS
Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Shaffer
N
N
Coughlin
R
R
Hung
C H
CH
Krasinski
K
K
Abrams
E
E
Bamji
M
M
Thomas
P
P
Hutson
D
D
Lambert
G
G
D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D007070:Immunoglobulin A