title: Accidental skin punctures during ophthalmic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accidental skin puncture carries the risk of both hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus transmission. There have been studies of the incidence of these skin punctures in general surgery, but no study has focused on ophthalmic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  All incident reports of skin punctures in the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute operating rooms from January 1990 through November 1991 were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of skin puncture also was studied propsectively from December 1991 through May 1992. During the prospective phase, the healthcare worker was asked to complete an anonymous form regarding the instrument involved, whether it was clean or contaminated, the persons involved, and whether the room lights were on or off.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 37 such occurrences in 14,878 operations (0.25%) during the retrospective study and 12 in 4246 operations (0.28%) in the prospective period. In only one case was the instrument contaminated by contact with a patient known to have positive serology for the human immunodeficiency virus. There were no documented seroconversions of healthcare personnel for either hepatitis B or human immunodeficiency virus. In 63% of these occurrences, the penetrating instrument was known to be definitely contaminated with the patient's blood. Only one person was handling the instrument 84% of the time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low but present danger to ophthalmic personnel during surgical procedures justifies precautions to decrease the occurrence of skin punctures.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Callanan
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Borup
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Smiddy
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries*; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014951:Wounds, Stab / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology