title: A randomized trial of intravenous heparin in conjunction with anistreplase (anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex) in acute myocardial infarction: the Duke University Clinical Cardiology Study (DUCCS) 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We designed a randomized trial to evaluate the effects of heparin administration in conjunction with anistreplase (anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex [APSAC]) on arterial patency and clinical end points.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The role of conjunctive intravenous heparin therapy with APSAC has not been tested despite the recommendations that intravenous heparin should be used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hours after APSAC administration, 250 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to receive 325 mg of either aspirin alone or aspirin and a continuous infusion of heparin (15 IU/kg body weight per h). Clinical ischemic events and bleeding complications were monitored. On hospital day 5, coronary arteriography and left ventriculography were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary end point of the trial (the combined outcome of death, reinfarction, recurrent ischemia and occlusion of the infarct-related artery) occurred in 42% of the heparin-treated group versus 43% of the group treated without heparin (p = 0.94). A patent infarct-related artery was present in 80% of the patients treated with heparin and in 73% of those treated without heparin (p = 0.26). Left ventricular function, as measured by ejection fraction, was well preserved in both groups (52% vs. 50.5%, respectively, p = 0.29). The overall bleeding rate was higher in patients with (32%) than without (17.2%) heparin (p = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight-adjusted intravenous heparin therapy after APSAC in acute myocardial infarction does not reduce the combined incidence of death, reinfarction, recurrent ischemia and occlusion of the infarct-related artery. Furthermore, withholding intravenous heparin therapy is associated with a 46% reduction in bleeding complications. Our findings do not support the addition of intravenous heparin after APSAC therapy, as currently recommended, and suggest that a strategy of withholding heparin is simpler and safer and does not place the patient at increased risk for ischemic complications after myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meese
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Conn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burks
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roark
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shadoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016255:Anistreplase / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016255:Anistreplase; D006493:Heparin