title: Facial clefting. Etiology and developmental pathogenesis.
abstract: This article has provided an overview of normal and abnormal facial morphogenesis and the factors that govern this process. Etiologic heterogeneity among patients encountered in treatment clinics has been emphasized. The implications of this information with respect to treatment, reproductive counseling, and prenatal diagnosis have been reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D004247:DNA