title: Improved Doppler signal intensity in coronary arteries after intravenous peripheral injection of a lung-crossing contrast agent (SHU 508A)
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that SHU 508A, a new lung-crossing contrast agent capable of increasing the Doppler signal to noise ratio in the right heart as well as left heart cavities after intravenous injection, could increase Doppler signal intensity in coronary arteries, thus improving the feasibility and quality of transesophageal Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of coronary blood flow velocity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Coronary blood flow velocity can be evaluated by transesophageal Doppler echocardiography. However, an adequate Doppler tracing is obtainable in a relatively low percent of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography of coronary arteries was performed in 35 patients before and after SHU 508A injection at four different dosages (200 mg/ml in 5 ml, 200 mg/ml in 10 ml, 300 mg/ml in 5 ml and 300 mg/ml in 10 ml). Color Doppler mapping of coronary flow and pulsed wave Doppler measurement of coronary blood flow velocity were attempted in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Color Doppler flow mapping of 105 evaluated coronary segments (left main, left anterior descending and circumflex in 35 patients) was not detectable or was weak in 88% of patients before and 33% of patients after echo contrast injection (p < 0.0001); it was optimal (that is, well delineated with complete flow mapping of the explored vessel) in only 11% of patients before and 67% after echo contrast injection (p < 0.0001). In addition, pulsed wave Doppler signal quality improved after echo contrast injection: Pulsed wave Doppler recording of coronary blood flow velocity was not obtainable or was weak in 78% of cases before and 34% after echo contrast injection (p < 0.0001); pulsed wave Doppler recording of coronary blood flow velocity was optimal (that is, there was a complete and well defined outline of diastolic coronary blood flow velocity in 23% of cases before and 66% after echo contrast injection [p < 0.0001]. Both length and width of color Doppler mapping in the left anterior descending coronary artery increased after SHU 508A injection (from 5.75 +/- 5.32 and 1.51 +/- 1.17 to 17.04 +/- 8.76 and 4.21 +/- 1.78 mm, respectively, mean +/- SD, p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The feasibility and quality of recording coronary blood flow velocity by transesophageal Doppler echocardiography are considerably improved by intravenous injection of SHU 508A. The improved feasibility of this new semi-invasive method for evaluating coronary blood flow velocity and flow reserve can considerably increase its research and clinical utilization.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iliceto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caiati
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aragona
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verde
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlief
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rizzon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011134:Polysaccharides; C059891:SHU 508