title: The effects of dystrophin gene mutations on the ERG in mice and humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors' earlier findings of a negative electroretinogram (ERG) in a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) led them to investigate dystrophin gene deletions and ERGs in five boys with DMD. The authors wanted to determined whether there were similar ERG findings in an animal model for DMD, the mdx mouse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ganzfeld ERGs were recorded in five boys with DMD after a complete ophthalmic examination. The dystrophin gene was analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. ERGs were recorded in anesthetized mdx and control mice with a modified Grass photostimulator (Grass Instrument Company, Quincy, MA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ophthalmic examinations in all five boys had normal findings, yet an abnormal negative ERG was recorded for each subject. The subjects' gene deletions were variable, ranging from large deletions to no detectable deletions. The ERGs of the mdx mice were normal and did not differ significantly from those of the control mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors believe the unique ERG recorded for the human subjects is a manifestation of DMD associated with defects at the dystrophin gene locus and represents a new clinical entity. The ERG of the mdx mouse may be spared for several reasons, including milder effects of the mouse gene defect, differences in muscle and retinal gene product, or species differences in the biochemical role of dystrophin. The ERG shows promise of becoming a noninvasive diagnostic tool for DMD and its milder allelic forms.
authors.affiliation: Vision Sciences Laboratory, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri, Kansas City.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Cibis
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Rothberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rupani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000235:genetics*; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009137:Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D017354:Point Mutation; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D016189:Dystrophin; D004247:DNA