title: [The course of hepatitis B in 9 children who became positive for viral surface antigen HBsAg in spite of vaccination].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the viral, clinical and biochemical course of infants, who, in spite of passive-active hepatitis B immunisation, became infected with hepatitis B.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the research programme of the Dutch study group 'Prevention neonatal hepatitis B', 705 newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers received passive and active immunisation. Despite passive-active immunisation, 9 children became positive for HBsAg. These children were analysed clinically and their HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBc and anti HD were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow up was 5 years (range 3-8 years). Of the 9 HBsAg-positive infants 8 also tested positive for HBeAg. At the end of the follow-up 1 child had lost HBsAg and 2 children had lost HBeAg. Only 1 child experienced a symptomatic hepatitis B infection with raised aminotransferase levels. The other 8 infants with chronic hepatitis B had no clinical symptoms. Aminotransferase levels were normal throughout in 7 infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the infants who, in spite of passive-active hepatitis B immunisation, became HBsAg positive developed a chronic hepatitis B infection without clinical or biochemical dysfunctions. On the basis of these findings and considering possible therapy, guidelines are given for the follow up of children with chronic hepatitis B.
authors.affiliation: Afd. Interne Geneeskunde II, Academisch Ziekenhuis Rotterdam-Dijkzigt.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: del Canho
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Grosheide
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Heijtink
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Schalm
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006521:Hepatitis, Chronic / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D000637:Transaminases; C045213:hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin
vernacular_title: Het beloop van hepatitis B bij 9 kinderen die ondanks vaccinatie positief werden voor het virale oppervlakteantigeen HBsAg.