title: Biological activities of lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan-teichoic acid of Bacillus subtilis 168 (Marburg).
abstract: To evaluate the suitability of Bacillus subtilis as a production host of heterologous proteins for pharmaceutical purposes, we assessed the biological activity of this bacterium and its major cell envelope components, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan-teichoic acid complex (PG-TA) in several eukaryotic effector assays. LTA and PG-TA were found to be non-toxic for mice and guinea-pigs in a short-term toxicity assay. PG-TA was weakly pyrogenic and weakly mitogenic. Both LTA and PG-TA acted as immunologic adjuvants in mice and when injected in mice, also caused an increase in the number of granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming cells in the bone marrow probably via stimulation of production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Himanen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pyhälä
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Olander
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Merimskaya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuzina
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lysyuk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pronin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanin
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Helander
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarvas
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008033:Limulus Test; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D011749:Pyrogens / Q000633:toxicity; D011817:Rabbits; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008934:Mitogens; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D011749:Pyrogens; D013682:Teichoic Acids; C009900:lipoteichoic acid; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor