title: Refractoriness of neuromuscular transmission: determination by computer subtraction of neurally evoked compound electromyograms.
abstract: Shortly after elicitation of a muscle response by supramaximal stimulation of its motor nerve, there exists a period of refractoriness of neuromuscular transmission when a second stimulation elicits only a submaximal response or no response at all. Many anaesthetics and neuromuscular blocking and facilitatory drugs change the refractoriness of neuromuscular transmission. Measurement of this refractoriness may improve our understanding of the neuromuscular actions of these drugs and be useful in differential diagnosis. However, the neuromuscular refractory periods (RP) are difficult to measure, and the unavailability of normal values renders accurate determination of drug effects impossible. Based on an existing technique of digitization and time expansion of the neurally evoked compound electromyogram (ncEMG), we developed a computer programme of waveform subtraction, and determined in nine normal awake volunteers the various interstimulus intervals when neuromuscular transmission was refractory (RP0), 3/4 refractory (RP.25), half refractory (RP.5), 1/4 refractory (RP.75) or non-refractory (RP1). We confirmed our hypotheses that computer-based waveform subtraction of the digitized ncEMG is a feasible and necessary technique for the accurate determination of the RPs of neuromuscular transmission, and report that the normal values in humans are: RP0 = 1.0 +/- 0.1, RP.25 = 1.3 +/- 0.3, RP.5 = 1.9 +/- 0.3, RP.75 = 2.9 +/- 0.5, and RP1 = 6.6 +/- 1.9 ms (mean +/- SD), respectively, in the ulnar nerve-first dorsal interosseous muscle model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance 90509.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003626:Data Display; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012032:Refractory Period, Electrophysiological / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D012984:Software; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000502:physiology*