title: In vitro chemosensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cells to multidrug regimen (CEOP) compounds using the MTT colorimetric assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anthracycline-containing regimens have given controversial clinical results in CLL. Therefore, we explored the in vitro behavior of CLL B-cells after exposure to the compounds included in the most frequently used combination therapy regimen (CEOP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 4-day MTT colorimetric assay was used in vitro to test the effect of CEOP regimen drugs, either alone or in combination, on CLL B-cells. All drugs but mafosfamide, tested in place of cyclophosphamide, were used at concentrations corresponding to the in vivo dosage employed in the CEOP regimen. Chlorambucil was also studied since it represents the standard treatment for this disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epirubicin, prednisone and vincristine displayed a cytotoxic effect in 15, 13 and 4 out of 30 samples, respectively. Combinations of the same drugs showed a synergistic effect in 6 out of 13 assays. A cytotoxic effect of chlorambucil was detected in 2 out of 5 responders to the combination of CEOP regimen drugs, and in 3 out of 7 non responders. Mafosfamide induced a reduction in cell survival in 60-80% of the samples, depending on its concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MTT assay is suitable for evaluating the in vitro chemosensitivity of CLL B-cells to multidrug regimen compounds. In the present study 40% of samples were resistant to CEOP regimen components in vitro. The possible role of MTT in predicting the clinical response to the CEOP regimen should still be established by prospective in vitro and in vivo studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Ospedali Riuniti USSL 11, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Callea
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brugiatelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nobile
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002699:Chlorambucil / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003124:Colorimetry; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D002699:Chlorambucil; D015251:Epirubicin; C048341:mafosfamide; D014750:Vincristine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone