title: Bioequivalence of soft gelatin capsules and oral solution of a new cyclosporine formulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the bioavailability of cyclosporine from two oral dosage forms of a new microemulsion formulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, randomized, three-treatment, three-period crossover investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated clinical pharmacology research unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four healthy male volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single oral administrations of cyclosporine 180 mg given as a soft gelatin capsule (reference), an oral solution under fasting conditions, and the oral solution mixed with orange juice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial venous blood samples were obtained over 48 hours after each administration to measure cyclosporine in whole blood by a specific monoclonal radioimmunoassay. For all three treatments, the mean maximum blood concentration (Cmax) of approximately 1100 ng/ml was reached at about 1.3 hours (tmax) after administration; the area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) was, on average, 4700 ng.hr/ml. Bioequivalence was conclusively demonstrated for both the absorption rate (Cmax and tmax) and extent (AUC) of cyclosporine among the treatments inasmuch as the point estimates and 90% confidence intervals were within the respective equivalence ranges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When administered in conjunction with routine concentration monitoring, the two oral dosage forms of the new microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine can be interchanged without need for dosage adjustments. In addition, the oral solution can be mixed with fruit juice without affecting the rate or extent of cyclosporine absorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pharmacology, Sandoz Pharma, Ltd., Basle, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kovarik
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hitzenberger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kutz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002214:Capsules; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005780:Gelatin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D016572:Cyclosporine; D005780:Gelatin