title: Inspiratory muscle training in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of a specific inspiratory muscle training in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with DMD started 6 months of training the inspiratory muscles and 15 patients served as a control group. Pulmonary and inspiratory muscle function parameters were assessed 3 months before and at the beginning of training, in the first and third month of training, at the end, and 6 months after its cessation. Maximal sniff assessed esophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressure values served as indices for global inspiratory muscle strength and diaphragmatic strength, respectively. Inspiratory muscle endurance was assessed by the length of time a certain inspiratory task could be maintained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 10 of the 15 patients, respiratory muscle function parameters improved significantly after 1 month of training. Further improvements were to be seen after 3 and after 6 months. Even 6 months after the end of training, those effects remained to a large extent. In the other five patients, there was no such improvement after 1 month of training, which was therefore discontinued. All these five patients had vital capacity values of less than 25 percent predicted and/or PaCO2 values of more than 45 mm Hg. The 15 control patients had no significant change in their respiratory muscle function parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that a specific inspiratory muscle training is useful in the early stage of DMD.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, Lainz-Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wanke
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toifl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merkle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Formanek
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lahrmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zwick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation / Q000502:physiology*; D008451:Maximal Voluntary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen