title: Effects of anesthesia induced and maintained by continuous intravenous administration of guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine in spontaneously breathing sheep.
abstract: Anesthesia was induced and maintained in 6 Suffolk wethers by continuous i.v. infusion of guaifenesin (50 mg/ml), ketamine (1 mg/ml), and xylazine (0.1 mg/ml) in 5% dextrose in water (triple drip) to assess the anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects. All sheep were positioned in right lateral recumbency. Dosages of triple drip used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia were 1.2 +/- 0.02 ml/kg and 2.6 ml/kg/h, respectively. Lack of gross purposeful movement of sheep to electrical stimulation indicated that analgesia and muscular relaxation induced by triple trip were adequate for surgical procedures. Heart rates and arterial blood pressure remained unchanged from baseline values during a 1-hour period of anesthesia. Arterial blood pressures were measured indirectly, using an inflation cuff placed over the metatarsal artery at the heart level. Significant decrease in arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2), coupled with an increase in arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2), from baseline values was observed throughout the course of the study. Decrease in PaO2 was observed concomitantly with significant (P < 0.05) increase in respiration rate. Changes in arterial blood gas tensions observed in this study were attributed to respiratory depressant effect induced by anesthetic drugs and right-to-left shunting, perfusion/ventilation mismatch, or both caused by right lateral recumbency. Administration of 100% O2 via the endotracheal tube reduced the magnitude of the decrease in PaO2. All sheep recovered smoothly and stood within 96.3 +/- 48.9 minutes after termination of triple drip administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849-5522.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Welles
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thurmon
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006140:Guaifenesin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014991:Xylazine; D006140:Guaifenesin; D007649:Ketamine; D010100:Oxygen