title: A prospective study of patients with acute back and neck pain in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This community-based investigation studied patients with acute back/neck pain and prospectively examined risk factors for chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty residents (64 men, 56 women) of a rural community in Sweden who were off work or had been examined by a physician rural community in Sweden who were off work or had been examined by a physician because of acute low back/neck pain during a 1-year period were randomly selected to participate in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects were examined by a physical therapist and completed questionnaires relating to their functional ability during activities of daily living. The subjects were then prospectively followed to examine treatment content and possible factors for predicting the development of chronic pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common symptom was a dull ache (44%), mostly in the low back (56%). In spite of early care, 16 patients who were randomly selected for further study developed chronic pain during the follow-up year. The patients with chronic pain did not differ from those without chronic pain in age, amount of pain, or handicaps. The risk of developing chronic pain, however, was nearly five times higher for those patients whose pain was provoked by trunk movements in several directions at the first clinical examination. When signs of possible nerve root affection were present, the risk for chronic pain development was nearly eight times higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that more attention may need to be paid to patients with these risk factors, so that effective preventive measures may be developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Orebro Medical Center Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hellsing
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Linton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kälvemark
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology