title: Pinhole SPECT: an approach to in vivo high resolution SPECT imaging in small laboratory animals.
abstract: The performance of pinhole SPECT and the application of this technology to investigate the localization properties of radiopharmaceuticals in vivo in small laboratory animals are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  System sensitivity and spatial resolution measurements of a rotating scintillation camera system are made for a low-energy pinhole collimator equipped with 1.0-, 2.0- and 3.3-mm aperture pinhole inserts. The spatial detail offered by pinhole SPECT for in vivo imaging was investigated in studies of the brain and heart in Fisher 344 rats by administering 201TICI, 99mTc-HMPAO, 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-MIBI. Image acquisition is performed using a rotating scintillation camera equipped with a pinhole collimator; projection data are acquired in conventional step-and-shoot mode as the camera is rotated 360 degrees around the subject. Pinhole SPECT images are reconstructed using a modified cone-beam algorithm developed from a two-dimensional fanbeam filtered backprojection algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reconstructed transaxial resolution of 2.8 mm FWHM and system sensitivity of 0.086 c/s/kBq with the 2.0-mm pinhole collimator aperture provide excellent spatial detail and adequate sensitivity for imaging the regional uptake of the radiopharmaceuticals in tumor, organs and other tissues in small laboratory animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The resolution properties of pinhole SPECT are superior to those which have been achieved thus far with conventional SPECT or PET imaging technologies. Pinhole SPECT provides an important approach for investigating localization properties of radiopharmaceuticals in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ivanovic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erlandsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Coderre
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Susskind
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Button
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013667:Technetium; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D013667:Technetium