title: High atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations blunt the pressor response during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship of circulating atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations to the pressor response to high-dose epinephrine in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen normothermic, adult, prehospital and emergency department patients suffering unexpected cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received high-dose epinephrine (0.2 mg/kg) i.v. when standard advanced cardiac life support (including multiple 1-mg dosages of epinephrine) failed to result in return of spontaneous circulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac arrest patients were separated into those patients with and without detectable serum atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations, and were termed the "low atrial natriuretic peptide" and "high atrial natriuretic peptide" groups, respectively. Their aortic pressure response to high-dose (0.02 mg/kg) epinephrine was compared. The proportion with positive assays was compared with a group of healthy control subjects. Fourteen patients were studied. Eight patients had low serum atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations and six patients had high circulating atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations. The mean concentration in the high atrial natriuretic peptide group was 151 +/- 82 pg/mL. The proportion with positive assays (six of 14 patients) was greater than in the group in spontaneous circulation (three of 29 patients) (p = .002). The maximal increase in the aortic relaxation-phase pressures after high-dose epinephrine was 9 +/- 7 torr (1.2 +/- 0.9 kPa) in the low atrial natriuretic peptide group and 0 +/- 5 torr (0 +/- 0.7 kPa) in the high atrial natriuretic peptide group (p = .03). The maximal increase in the aortic compression pressures after high-dose epinephrine was 17 +/- 13 torr (2.3 +/- 1.7 kPa) in the low atrial natriuretic peptide group and 2 +/- 10 torr (0.3 +/- 1.3 kPa) in the high atrial natriuretic peptide group (p = .03). Thus, pressor responses after high-dose epinephrine administration were observed in patients in the low atrial natriuretic peptide group, but this response was absent in patients in the high atrial natriuretic peptide group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac arrest patients receiving CPR have higher circulating atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations than healthy subjects. High serum atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations may antagonize the vasopressor response to epinephrine. Blocking this effect of atrial natriuretic peptide may improve outcomes in patients suffering cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, New York University Medical Center, NY.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Paradis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wortsman
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Malarkey
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Goetting
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feingold
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D004837:Epinephrine