title: Effects of social bonds and childhood experiences on alcohol abuse and smoking.
abstract: Data from a national sample of 595 American adults were analyzed in an effort to evaluate simultaneously the potential effects of social bonds and childhood characteristics on smoking and alcohol use. Religious belief and belief in the importance of conformity with shared moral principles had significant negative effects on smoking, alcohol use, and alcohol abuse; commitment (satisfaction with one's socioeconomic status) inhibited smoking; and attachment (strong emotional bonds to family and friends) deterred alcohol abuse. Childhood trauma promoted both smoking and alcohol abuse.
authors.affiliation: Sociology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-2068.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeFronzo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pawlak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009769:Object Attachment; D010553:Personality Development; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D012933:Social Identification