title: Nicotinamide, a component of complex culture media, inhibits mouse embryo development in vitro and reduces subsequent developmental potential after transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of B-group vitamins present in culture media on mouse embryo development in vitro and subsequent viability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse zygotes were cultured in the presence of B-group vitamins. Embryo morphology and cell numbers were determined at 96 and 120 hours after hCG. Viability was assessed by transfer of embryos after 3 days of culture to pseudopregnant recipients. Resultant pregnancy rates (PRs) and fetal weights were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementation of an amino acid-free medium with minimal essential medium (MEM) B-group vitamins significantly decreased embryo cleavage rates, whereas the inclusion of Ham's F-10 medium B-group vitamins significantly reduced both cleavage rates and morphological development. Subsequent experiments determined that nicotinamide (5 microM) significantly reduced blastocyst cell number, implantation rate, viable PR, and fetal weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicate that nicotinamide inhibits mouse embryo development in culture and reduces viability. Nicotinamide is present at high levels in Ham's F-10 and MEM media that are used routinely in human embryo culture. The role of vitamins in human embryo development in vitro warrants investigation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Early Human Development, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D009028:Morula / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D014815:Vitamins; D009536:Niacinamide; D012256:Riboflavin