title: Synthesis of non-nucleotide ATP analogues and characterization of their chemomechanical interaction with muscle fibres.
abstract: To probe the substrate requirements for the actomyosin chemomechanical interaction, the effects of a series of eight new non-nucleotide ATP analogues on actomyosin-catalysed hydrolysis rates and on fibre mechanics have been investigated. These analogues have substitutions of new functional groups at the 2- and 4-positions of the ATP analogues, 2-[(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]ethyl triphosphate (NANTP), and 3-[(4-nitrophenyl)amino]propyl triphosphate (PrNANTP). Previous work has shown NANTP but not PrNANTP will support active tension and shortening in skinned muscle fibres in a manner almost identical to ATP. Here all 2- and 4-phenyl substituted analogues had myosin subfragment 1 (S1) NTPase hydrolysis rates higher than ATP and the rates were stimulated by addition of actin. In general, the replacement of the 4-azido group of NANTP with -H, -NO2 or -NH2 had small effects on fibre mechanics while replacement of 2-NO2 group with -H or -NH2 dramatically lowered the ability of the new analogues to support active tension and shortening. All PrNANTP-based analogues were ineffective in supporting active tension or shortening. We found no correlation between S1 or actoS1 NTPase rates and any mechanical parameters. However, for all analogues there was a strong correlation between the maximal velocity of shortening (Vmax) and isometric tension (P0). A three-state, chemomechanical model is proposed in which the analogues effect the transition rate into a strongly-bound, force-producing crossbridge state to account for this correlation. These studies identify 2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]ethyl triphosphate as the chemically simplest ATP analogue which closely mimics the effect of ATP in skinned muscle fibres.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pate
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yount
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000345:Affinity Labels; D000818:Animals; D001386:Azides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D009218:Myosins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000345:Affinity Labels; D001386:Azides; C069394:2-((4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino)propyl triphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C047568:2-((4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino)ethyl triphosphate; D009218:Myosins