title: Cigarette smoking and histological outcome in women with mildly dyskaryotic cervical smears.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine which patient related variables, available at the point of referral, predict the presence of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia when the smear result is mild dyskaryosis with or without co-existent koilocytosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate analysis of prospective programme trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic Department Colposcopy clinics at Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-seven women, whose worst ever cervical smear was mild dyskaryosis with or without koilocytosis, referred to colposcopy clinics. All the women had complete data sets, as determined by the format of an ongoing programme, and all were treated by diathermy loop excision of the cervical transformation zone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age, parity, contraceptive practice, smoking habit, duration of abnormal cytology and the grade of histology in the excised transformation zone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven out of 78 (60%) smokers, compared with 18 out of 73 (25%) nonsmokers, had high grade disease. The other variables considered in the analysis were not significant or very weakly associated with histological grade when analysed in a univariate analysis. Stepwise logistic regression identified cigarette smoking as a powerful independent predictor of high grade disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest a strong association between smoking and high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in a population of women whose worst ever smear report was mild dyskaryosis. Smoking is a variable that could be built into models to facilitate referral for colposcopic assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luesley
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blomfield
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shafi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chenoy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buxton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D003267:Contraception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010298:Parity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000473:pathology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears