title: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibits synthesis of surfactant by isolated human type II pneumocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on the synthesis of surfactant by human type II pneumocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University departments of surgery and biochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Segments of right lower lobe of lungs from nine donors of other organs, and from tumour-free portions of 10 lungs excised from patients with lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effect of TNF-alpha on the incorporation of D-glucose and palmitate, both of which had been uniformly labelled with 14C (D-(U-14C) glucose and (U-14C) palmitate), into various phospholipid fractions by pneumocytes isolated from both healthy lungs and those from patients with lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-alpha decreased the incorporation of both D-(U-14C) glucose and (U-14C) palmitate into phospholipid fractions, particularly phosphatidylcholine, in both healthy lung tissue and that from patients with lung cancer. The degree of inhibition was less in the group from patients with lung cancer because the basal value was lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-alpha may contribute to the pathophysiology of the adult respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting the synthesis of surfactant. The results suggest the possibility that TNF-alpha may be produced locally in the presence of lung cancer resulting in chronic paracrine or systemic exposure of pneumocytes to low concentrations of the cytokine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Complutense University, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arias-Díaz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vara
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Balibrea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010168:Palmitates / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010168:Palmitates; D010743:Phospholipids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005947:Glucose