title: Association of upper gastrointestinal lesions with addictions.
abstract: The association of upper gastrointestinal (G.I.) lesions with various addictions was studied in 383 consecutive patients endoscoped over a year. Of the total, 179 (47%) had no addictions and 204 (53%) were addicted to either cigarette smoking (70%), tobacco chewing with pan (23%), pan alone (5%) or alcohol (2%). Overall, 78% cases with and 59% without addictions had an upper G.I. lesion on endoscopy (P < 0.001). Duodenal ulcer was commonest lesion in all types of addiction.
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Medical Research Council, Research Centre, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zuberi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001114:Areca; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications*