title: End-on aortogram: improved identification of important coronary artery anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify coronary artery anomalies in patients with tetralogy of Fallot with an aortogram taken with steep caudal and left oblique angulation ("end-on" aortogram).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective evaluation of end-on aortogram in the preoperative angiographic assessment of consecutive patients with tetralogy of Fallot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional paediatric cardiology centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  34 patients, aged 3 months to 12 years (median age 9 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  An aortogram was performed with steep caudal (38 degrees-45 degrees) and left oblique (0 degrees-30 degrees) angulation under general anaesthetic as part of routine preoperative angiographic assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The origins and courses of the coronary arteries were visualised in all patients and important coronary artery anomalies were identified in four patients: single left coronary artery; single right coronary artery (two patients); separate high origin of left anterior descending. These anomalous coronary vessels crossed the right ventricular outflow tract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to identify preoperatively coronary arteries that may interfere with right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. An aortogram with steep caudal and left oblique angulation is useful in identifying anomalous coronary arteries and more importantly it defines the relation of these vessels to the right ventricular outflow tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wren
mesh_terms: D001027:Aortography / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*