title: Subcellular localization and antiviral activity of carminic acid/poly r(A-U) combinations.
abstract: Carminic acid (CAR) enhances the antiviral activity of poly r(A-U) twelve-fold without increasing interferon induction, inactivating the vesicular stomatitis virus or inducing host cell cytotoxicity. Phase contrast photomicrographs of human foreskin fibroblasts (HSF) incubated with CAR alone, poly r(A-U) alone or with a CAR/poly r(A-U) combination illustrate that the CAR/poly r(A-U) combinations display altered subcellular distribution with the CAR being localized in the nucleoli and chromatin. Phase contrast and fluorescence photomicrographs of adriamycin (ADR)-treated and ADR/poly r(A-U)-treated HSF cells corroborate these findings. These results suggest that modulation of one or more nucleolar processes may be responsible for the enhanced antiviral activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown 44272.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krabill
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jamison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilloteaux
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Summers
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002329:Carmine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D011063:Poly A-U / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002843:Chromatin; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011063:Poly A-U; D016899:Interferon-beta; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002329:Carmine