title: Automatic generation of beam apertures.
abstract: In order to specify arbitrarily shaped beam apertures for three-dimensional radiation treatment planning, aperture contours (or outlines) are often manually drawn using a beam's eye view display of the target volume and nearby normal structures. This can be a very time consuming process, and can be impractical for multileaf collimation and computer-aided optimization of a large number of fields. A method has been developed that allows automatic generation of aperture shapes that outline the target volume and may spare neighboring structures whenever desired. Margins of user-specified sizes (positive or negative) around the target and normal structures are also incorporated. For a chosen beam orientation, a 3D surface of each anatomic structure of interest is formed and projected onto a plane at the beam's isocenter. The outlines of each projected object are detected by an edge following algorithm, and margins are added. The outlines of normal structures are combined with that of the target volume to obtain the final aperture shape. This is done by overlaying filled versions of the outlines in such a way that regions of the target overlapped by normal structures are cut away, leaving only the target volume region to be irradiated. The remaining target volume outline is again detected to produce an aperture contour. Normal structures may split the aperture into several pieces, so this method detects any number of disjoint aperture contours. The results of the algorithm are illustrated with apertures generated for nasopharynx and prostate tumors, including sparing of normal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brewster
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mageras
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D006801:Humans; D008961:Models, Structural; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data