title: Novel assay for the detection of immunoglobulin G antihuman immunodeficiency virus in untreated saliva and urine.
abstract: Epidemiological evidence and laboratory studies indicate that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) is rarely, if ever, transmitted in saliva or urine. In that both specimens are easy to collect, each may be a useful alternative to serum specimens for anti-HIV screening. A rapid, simple, and robust IgG-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GACELISA) suitable for the detection of anti-HIV 1 and 2 in saliva and urine was developed. Following optimisation of the assay, 177 salivary and 568 urine specimens collected from individuals of known serostatus were investigated. The assay was 100% sensitive on 50 salivary (median OD/CO = 8.9) and 126 urinary (median OD/CO = 8.6) specimens collected from anti-HIV-positive patients. The specificity was 100% on 127 salivary specimens (median OD/CO = 0.37) and 422 urinary specimens (median OD/CO = 0.39) collected from anti-HIV-negative individuals. These findings demonstrate that GACELISA HIV 1 + 2 tests on saliva or on urine are an accurate alternative to a conventional anti-HIV test of blood. This assay is satisfactory for surveillance purposes and, with appropriate precautions, could be used clinically.
authors.affiliation: Virus Reference Division, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Connell
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Mortimer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G