title: A comparative study of copper-67 radiolabeling and kinetic stabilities of antibody-macrocycle chelate conjugates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of new chelating agents and radiolabeling protocols is essential to progress in radioimmunotherapy with antibody-chelate conjugates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunoconjugates of four polyazamacrocycles with N-bonded acetate groups were prepared by conjugation via 2-iminothiolane to Lym-1, a murine antilymphoma immunoglobulin G2a MoAb. To optimize 67Cu radiolabeling, complexation conditions were explored. The kinetic stabilities in vitro in human serum of four 67Cu labeled immunoconjugates were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lym-1-2IT-6-BAT-67Cu, the chelate conjugate of 6-[p-(bromoacetamido)benzyl]-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane- N,N',N''N'''-tetraacetic acid, exhibited excellent kinetic stability in human serum, while Lym-1-2IT-2-BAT-67Cu, prepared from the structural isomer 2-[p-(bromoacetamido)benzyl]-1,4,8,11- tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid, exhibited a markedly higher rate of loss of radiometal. It was observed that the radiolabeling ratio of Lym-1-2IT-6-BAT-67Cu, in mCi per mg immunoconjugate, was limited solely by the specific activity of the radiometal, which varied significantly from lot to lot. This ratio for a given lot of 67Cu can be predicted by a preliminary titration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preparation of 67Cu labeled immunoconjugates of therapeutic quality has been improved by the determination of optimum radiolabeling conditions, and by development of a titration protocol which rapidly and accurately predicts the radiolabeling ratio in mCi per mg immunoconjugate. The surprising difference in the properties of 6-BAT and 2-BAT shows the exquisite dependence of kinetic stability on structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis 95616.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kukis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Diril
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: DeNardo
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: DeNardo
authors.forename: Q A
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Salako
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Meares
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D004355:Drug Stability; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D000922:Immunotoxins; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D007700:Kinetics
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002614:Chelating Agents; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D000922:Immunotoxins; C046529:6-(4-bromoacetamidobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid