title: Morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells in primary culture by malachite green correlates well with the evidence for formation of reactive free radicals.
abstract: Malachite green (MG) (green crystals with metallic luster and very soluble in water) is highly cytotoxic to mammalian cells and also acts as a liver tumor promoter. In view of its industrial importance and possible exposure to individuals, MG poses a potential environmental health hazard. We have studied the effect of MG on the formation of morphologically transformed colonies using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay. MG induced a dose-related increase in the formation of transformed foci, the optimum concentration being 0.05 micrograms/ml. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) as a spin-trapping agent showed the formation of reactive free radicals during the in vitro metabolism of MG. The present study suggests a close relationship between the morphological transformation of SHE cells by MG and the possible involvement of reactive free radical formation.
authors.affiliation: Neuro OncologyDivision, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Bombay, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panandiker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D005609:Free Radicals; D009153:Mutagens; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D013113:Spin Labels; C005095:malachite green; C017245:5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide