title: HLA-DR antigens, Gm allotypes and antiallotypes in early rheumatoid arthritis--their relation to disease progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the prognostic value of immunogenetic markers in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-nine patients with definite RA and disease duration 24 months or less were followed with standardized assessment. Disability was assessed by the HAQ index and radiographic changes in hands and feet by the Larsen method. The frequencies of HLA-DR genes were determined by serological typing, Gm allotype distribution by classical hemagglutination inhibition test, and occurrence of anti-Gm allotypes by use of anti-Rh coats. The immunogenetic findings were related to disease severity after 2 years' followup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Functional capacity was well preserved, disease activity was less, but radiographic changes in hands and feet had increased considerably at study finish. A group of 13 patients had developed rapidly progressive changes of hip and/or shoulder joints, all requiring arthroplasty. There was a significantly increased frequency of HLA-DR4. Twenty-seven of the 68 HLA-DR4 positive patients were putatively homozygous. HLA-DR4 was not related to disability or to severe small joint destruction. However, progressive large joint damage was significantly more prevalent in homozygous patients (p < 0.01). Gm allotype distribution was normal and not related to clinical findings. Anti-Gm antibodies were common and frequently specific for nonhost Gm allotype. Fifty-six patients carried anti-G1m(a), and occurrence of this antibody was significantly associated with radiographic progression of small joints (p = 0.01), presence of nodules (p < 0.01) and number of active joints (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunogenetic markers aided in identifying patients with early RA with more severe disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grubb
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pettersson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006225:Hand / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007129:Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007129:Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes