title: HIV-1 in human alveolar macrophages from infected patients is latent in vivo but replicates after in vitro stimulation.
abstract: It has been demonstrated that alveolar macrophages (AM) are permissive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) after in vitro infection. However, data concerning in vivo infection of AM by HIV-1 still conflict. Therefore, we investigated AM collected by bronchoalveolar lavage from 15 HIV-1-infected patients. HIV-1 p24 and Gp120 antigens and viral RNA were not detected by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively, using 35S-labeled 3 kb Pol-Env, 0.350 kb Gag, and 0.150 kb U5 LTR cRNA probes. In contrast, when using polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracted from purified AM, HIV-1 DNA was detected in the seven patients tested. After short-term culture of alveolar cells from three HIV-1-infected patients and in vitro stimulation with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), HIV-1 replication was observed in most of the AM. These results demonstrate that AM are latently infected by HIV-1 in vivo but are not a site for viral replication. In contrast, HIV-1 replication occurs when AM are withdrawn from their local environment, enhanced by GM-CSF and TNF-alpha stimulation. This suggests either a negative control or an inadequate stimulation of HIV-1 replication in the alveolar environment.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 139, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lebargy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Branellec
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deforges
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bignon
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bernaudin
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000032:analysis; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor