title: Noninvasive assessment of anesthetic activity of topical lidocaine formulations.
abstract: The effectiveness of a series of lidocaine formulations in producing anesthesia after topical application was evaluated in human volunteers. The formulations, five suspensions in 20% propylene glycol and one cream, were applied to the forearms for 3 h with occlusion with Hilltop chambers. Testing for anesthesia was performed electrometrically. All lidocaine-containing formulations produced significantly greater anesthesia than the blanks. The formulation containing tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide produced greater anesthesia than that containing octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. Changing the pH of the formulation from 7.9 to 10.0 had no significant effect. Other formulations (sodium lauryl sulfate and the cream) were no more effective than the plain formulation without surfactants. The rank order for the suspension formulations was the same as for steady-state permeation in in vitro experiments. However, application of the cream formulation produced greater effect in vivo than was anticipated from in vitro flux values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers College of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0789.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kushla
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zatz
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013535:Suspensions; D008012:Lidocaine