title: Towards clarification of convergent concepts: sense of coherence, will to meaning, locus of control, learned helplessness and hardiness.
abstract: The multidisciplinary field of stress and stress-related health outcomes has generated theoretical and practical knowledge which is of interest to nurses. Theoretical developments which have assumed a prominent role in the study of stress, health and coping include the identification of various 'stress buffers' several of which bear a strong conceptual resemblance to one another. Antonovsky has developed a Salutogenic Model of stress and resistance, which is presented in this paper. The model's central concept, the sense of coherence, is described and analysed. The sense of coherence, with its three components (meaningfulness, comprehensibility and manageability), is then compared and contrasted with similar concepts. The convergent theoretical notions which are distinguished from Antonovsky's coherence are: will to meaning, locus of control, learned helplessness and hardiness. It is hoped that this analysis will provide greater conceptual clarity for nurses who study and use these concepts in education, practice or research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Health Professions, University of Massachusetts, Lowell.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D005610:Freedom; D006262:Health; D006380:Helplessness, Learned; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009729:Nursing; D010684:Philosophy; D012649:Self Concept; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*