title: Ultrasonography as a tool for monitoring in ovo chicken development. 2. Effects of eggshell alteration and ultrasonography on embryonic and posthatch development.
abstract: The influence of creating and closing acoustic windows on embryonic and posthatch development for the purpose of chicken embryogenesis monitoring by real-time ultrasonography (US) was evaluated at 2, 6, 9, 14, and 17 days of incubation. Acoustic windows were closed using either a porous dialysis film and tape (FM) or an eggshell allograft attached with collodion (CP). Results from eggs closed in each manner with and without concurrent nonsterile US examination were compared with two control groups. Window creation reduced hatchability. The hatchability reduction was caused primarily by bacterial contamination. Contamination was more common in the FM eggs than in the CP eggs and was greater in eggs that also underwent US. Hatchability increased and contamination decreased when US was performed closer to hatch. Egg weight loss was increased after Day 6 of incubation in FM + US eggs treated on Day 2 and after Day 9 in all eggs with windows except CP eggs treated on Day 9 and CP + US eggs treated on Days 6 and 9. Hatch weight decreased in chicks from eggs that had windows, particularly in FM eggs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi 39762.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peebles
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Latour
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brake
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010063:Ovum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D015431:Weight Loss