title: Abdominal diffusion mapping with use of a whole-body echo-planar system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of water in liver, spleen, kidney, and muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten volunteers (seven women and three men, aged 19-31 years [mean, 24 years]) and nine patients (five women and four men, aged 49-70 years [mean, 62 years]) (liver cyst, n = 3; liver hemangioma, n = 3; liver cirrhosis, n = 2; hepatocellular carcinoma, n = 1; and liver metastasis, n = 1) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A stimulated-echo acquisition mode (STEAM)-type excitation and echo-planar imaging (EPI) readout was used in a 1.5-T echo-planar MR imaging system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADCs measured in volunteers were liver, 1.39 x 10(-3) mm2/sec +/- 0.16; spleen, 0.95 x 10(-3) mm2/sec +/- 0.15; muscle, 1.99 x 10(-3) mm2/sec +/- 0.16; and kidney, 3.54 x 10(-3) mm2/sec +/- 0.47 (mean +/- standard deviation). Distinctive ADC values were found in organs with abnormalities. ADCs in patients with hepatic disease included liver cysts, 3.9-5.3; liver hemangiomas, 2.0-2.8; liver metastases from an islet cell tumor, 1.2; hepatocellular carcinoma, 1.7; and liver cirrhosis, 0.9-1.2 x 10(-3) mm2/sec.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo diffusion measurements of abdominal organs obtained with MR imaging may prove helpful in the identification and classification of abdominal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siewert
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nissenbaum
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raptopoulos
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Edelman
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008961:Models, Structural