title: Naltrexone in autistic children: behavioral symptoms and attentional learning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess critically the short-term efficacy and safety of naltrexone in autistic children and its effects on discrimination learning in the laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel group design was employed. After a 2-week placebo baseline period, children were randomly assigned either to naltrexone or to placebo for a period of 3 weeks followed by a one-week posttreatment placebo period. Multiple raters and rating scales were employed in a variety of conditions. Forty-one children, all inpatients, ages 2.9 to 7.8 years, completed the study. Naltrexone reduced hyperactivity and had no effect on discrimination learning in the laboratory. There was a suggestion that it had a beneficial effect on decreasing self-injurious behavior. Untoward effects were mild and transient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, naltrexone significantly reduced only hyperactivity, and no serious untoward effects were observed. The effectiveness of naltrexone in the treatment of autism and self-injurious behavior requires additional assessment in a sample of children with moderate to severe self-injurious behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D009271:Naltrexone