title: Endotoxin-induced pulmonary leukostasis in the rat: role of platelet-activating factor and tumor necrosis factor.
abstract: Injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into experimental animals induces septic shock associated with the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and platelet-activating factor (PAF). Because both TNF and PAF stimulate neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro, and because neutrophils are important effector cells in sepsis-induced lung vascular injury, the role of TNF and PAF in LPS-induced lung neutrophil sequestration was investigated. Lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured as a quantitative assessment of pulmonary leukostasis. Injection of Salmonella enteritidis LPS into rats caused dose-dependent increases in lung MPO that peaked at 2 hours and persisted for up to 24 hours. Injection of purified human recombinant TNF (2 to 200 micrograms/kg i.v.) mimicked the effect of LPS on lung MPO activity. Injection of synthetic PAF increased lung MPO only at the highest and lethal dose (10 micrograms/kg). Lower doses (0.1 and 1 microgram/kg) of PAF had no effect on lung MPO by itself and did not enhance LPS- or TNF-induced lung neutrophil sequestration. Furthermore, pretreatment of the rats with two different PAF receptor-antagonists, WEB 2086 (10 mg/kg IP) and SRI 63-441 (10 mg/kg IP), failed to block LPS-induced (1 mg/kg) increase in lung MPO. These data suggest that TNF, not PAF, mediates LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophil sequestration in the intact rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011806:Quinolinium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D011806:Quinolinium Compounds; D014230:Triazoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C050531:SRI 63-441; C052518:WEB 2086; D009195:Peroxidase