title: Evaluation of local anesthesia provided by transdermal patches containing different formulations of tetracaine.
abstract: Topical formulations of tetracaine in vehicles of propylene glycol and saline are tested on human volunteers with standard occlusive, adhesive, transdermal patches. The effects of formulation composition, dose, and onset time are investigated. Dose-response studies indicate that the optimum formulation for the diffusion of tetracaine in vivo is 60% free base and 40% acid salt (w/w) in 40% propylene glycol and 60% saline (v/v). A concentration of 0.3 M [8.3% (w/v)] tetracaine is sufficient to reach the dose plateau. Time-response studies indicate that high concentrations of tetracaine in the optimum formulation [1.1 and 1.8 M, 30 and 50% (w/v), respectively] can produce statistically significant analgesia relative to a placebo after 45 min. Comparison of these in vivo data with earlier in vitro data indicate that the optimum formulation with regard to clinical studies is identical to that for in vitro diffusion through hairless mouse skin [60% free base and 40% acid salt (w/w) in 40% propylene glycol and 60% saline].
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Westermann-Clark
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013748:Tetracaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013748:Tetracaine