title: The isolated perfused bovine udder as an in vitro model of percutaneous drug absorption. Skin viability and percutaneous absorption of dexamethasone, benzoyl peroxide, and etofenamate.
abstract: Using udders from slaughtered cows as a new in vitro model of percutaneous drug absorption, the tissue viability and the percutaneous absorption of dexamethasone, benzoyl peroxide, and etofenamate were studied. The organ was perfused with gassed tyrode solution for up to 6 hr. As shown by measurement of glucose consumption, lactate production, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and pH in the perfusate, the tissue was viable over a 6-hr period. This was confirmed by a histological examination. Determination of the udder skin-fold thickness demonstrated that no edema developed within the perfusion period. A maximum skin penetration of dexamethasone was found after administration of dexamethasone dissolved in acetone with dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by ointment with salicylic acid, ointment without salicylic acid, and acetone solution. Experiments with benzoyl peroxide and etofenamate demonstrated that the perfused udder skin was capable of metabolizing drugs in vitro. In conclusion, the isolated perfused bovine udder is a new in vitro model, which maintains bovine udder skin with an isolated vasculature in a viable state. Using this in vitro model, we note it is possible to compare the dermal penetration, metabolism, and absorption of substances after topical administration of different drug formulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kietzmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Löscher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maass
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lubach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001585:Benzoyl Peroxide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002417:Cattle; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005439:Flufenamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005439:Flufenamic Acid; D003907:Dexamethasone; C015207:etofenamate; D001585:Benzoyl Peroxide