title: Plasminogen activators, their inhibitors, and urokinase receptor emerge in late stages of melanocytic tumor progression.
abstract: Degradation of the extracellular matrix and other tissue barriers by proteases like plasminogen activators (PAs) is a prerequisite for neoplastic growth and metastasis. Recently, we reported that highly metastatic behavior of human melanoma cells in nude mice correlates with urokinase-type PA (u-PA) expression and activity and with PA inhibitor type 1 and 2 (PAI-1, PAI-2) expression. Here we report on the occurrence of components of the PA system in the various stages of human melanoma tumor progression in situ. We studied the protein distribution on freshly frozen lesions of common nevocellular nevi (n = 25), dysplastic (= atypical) nevi (n = 16), early primary melanomas (n = 8), advanced primary melanomas (n = 11), and melanoma metastases (n = 17). Tissue-type PA was present in endothelial cells in all lesions, whereas in metastases it could be detected in tumor cells in a minority of the lesions. u-PA, its receptor, PAI-1, and PAI-2 could not be detected in benign and in early stages but appeared frequently in advanced primary melanoma and melanoma metastasis lesions. u-PA was detected in stromal cells and in tumor cells at the invasive front, the u-PA receptor and PAI-2 in tumor cells, and PAI-1 in the extracellular matrix surrounding tumor cells. Localization of the corresponding messenger RNAs and enzyme activities revealed a similar distribution. We conclude that plasminogen activation is a late event in melanoma tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Quax
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Denijn
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Verrijp
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Verheijen
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Verspaget
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Weidle
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ruiter
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: van Muijen
mesh_terms: D004416:Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010960:Plasminogen Activators