title: Response of plasma low density lipoprotein subfractions to oestrogen replacement therapy following surgical menopause.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidemiological studies suggest that postmenopausal oestrogen replacement reduces the incidence of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of oestrogen replacement therapy on subfractions of plasma low density lipoprotein in bilaterally oophorectomized women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a placebo controlled, double-blind study, patients were randomized on a two to one basis to receive either oestradiol valerate (2 mg/day) or placebo respectively for a period of 16 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen women aged 28-51 years who had all had hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy at least 2 months before recruitment were assigned to either the active (n = 12) or placebo (n = 5) group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and LDL subfractions were determined immediately before and after the treatment period. LDL subfractions were isolated directly from plasma by density gradient ultracentrifugation within 24 hours. Non-parametric statistical analysis was carried out within each group using Wilcoxon's signed rank test for matched pairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 16 weeks of treatment, HDL cholesterol, apo A-I and HDL-2 were increased in the group receiving oestrogen (HDL cholesterol +12%, P < 0.01; apo A-I +14%, P < 0.01; HDL-2 +24% P < 0.01). While there were no significant changes in serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol or triglycerides, the proportion and concentration of the least dense LDL-I subfraction was decreased significantly (-27%, P < 0.05). The LDL subfraction of intermediate density (LDL-II) was decreased in eight subjects, while small, dense LDL-III was unaffected. Overall, these changes resulted in an apparent shift in the distribution of LDL subfractions towards small, dense LDL-III, although there was no net increase in the latter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of a similar and characteristic response of LDL subfractions to hypolipidaemic drugs that enhance the clearance of LDL via the LDL receptor, the present findings suggest that oestrogen promotes the preferential removal of LDL-I and II by activating LDL receptors. As this effect is normally associated with a reduction in the circulating level of LDL, it should not be regarded as an unfavourable response to oestrogen replacement therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farish
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caslake
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001059:Apoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010052:Ovariectomy; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D011184:Postoperative Period
chemical_list: D001059:Apoproteins; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D004958:Estradiol