title: Temperament and hypercortisolemia in depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors examined the relationships among depression severity, melancholia, and cortisol level and the relationship between temperament, as measured with the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, and cortisol level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morning and afternoon cortisol levels of 40 healthy comparison subjects and 96 patients with major depression were measured. The depressed patients were rated for depression severity and melancholia, and they completed the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Temperament, especially dependence and extravagance, but not depressive symptoms, was the major determinant of the hypercortisolemia observed in the depressed patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For research in biological psychiatry to advance, more attention needs to be paid to the individual differences in biology that underlie any state-dependent biologic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cloninger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001689:Biological Psychiatry; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012107:Research Design; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013694:Temperament
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone