title: Muscarinic regulation of cytosolic free calcium in canine tracheal smooth muscle cells: Ca2+ requirement for phospholipase C activation.
abstract: 1. The relationship between muscarinic receptor-mediated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) breakdown and the increase of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+])i has been examined in canine cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells (TSMCs). 2. Addition of acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol led to a 2-3 fold increase in [Ca2+]i over the resting level as determined by fura-2, with half-maximal stimulation (EC50) obtained at concentrations of 97 and 340 nM, respectively. Addition of the partial agonist, bethanechol, showed a smaller increase in PIP2 turnover and [Ca2+]i than did ACh or carbachol. 3. Addition of ACh or carbachol to TSMCs that had been prelabelled with [3H]-inositol led to the rapid (5-15 s) release of inositol mono, bis and trisphosphates IP1, IP2 and IP3. The time course of IP3 accumulation is correlated with the time course of the peak rise in [Ca2+]i. 4. Inclusion of EGTA lowered the resting [Ca2+]i and markedly reduced the extent of the agonist-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. When assayed under conditions similar to those used for the [Ca2+]i measurements, EGTA reduced the muscarinic agonist-stimulated inositol phosphates (IPs) accumulation. Conversely, ionomycin could stimulate IPs accumulation and elevate [Ca2+]i. The addition of Ca2+ (2.7-617 nM) to digitonin-permeabilized TSMCs directly stimulated IPs accumulation. 5. Both Ca2+ and guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) stimulated the formation of IPs in digitonin-permeabilized TSMCs prelabelled with [3H]-inositol. A further calcium-dependent increase in IPs accumulation was obtained by inclusion of either GTP gamma S or carbachol. The combined presence of carbachol and GTP gamma S elicited a synergistic effect on IPs accumulation, with half-maximal stimulation observed at approximately 8 nM free Ca2+.6. These results indicate that (i) the magnitude of the initial rise in [Ca2+], is directly related to the production of IPs and (ii) the phospholipase C-mediated PIP2 breakdown in TSMCs is sensitive to regulation by physiologically relevant concentrations of free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]f).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chang Gung Medical College, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004072:Digitonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014132:Trachea / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D004533:Egtazic Acid; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D004072:Digitonin; D002118:Calcium