title: Early skeletal muscle development proceeds normally in parthenogenetic mouse embryos.
abstract: In mouse chimeras with parthenogenetic cell contribution, the skeletal musculature appears to be largely devoid of parthenogenetically derived cells. To analyze the appearance and early distribution of myotomal cells in parthenotes, we determined the expression of the muscle-specific transcription factors myogenin, MYF-5, and MYF-6 by in situ hybridization in somites of Day 10 and 11 embryos. Here, we report that these myogenic regulatory proteins are expressed in parthenogenetic animals together with desmin, one of the early muscle-specific structural proteins. We also show that parthenogenetic cells contribute equally to dermatome, sclerotome, and myotome in Day 10 and 11 chimeras. These results suggest that early myotomal cells expressing the myogenic control proteins develop and allocate normally in parthenogenetic embryos and in parthenogenetic<==>normal chimeras. The underrepresentation in older chimeras may therefore be due to selective elimination. These data also argue against imprinting of the myogenic factor genes myogenin, Myf-5, and Myf-6.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biologie III, Universität Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fundele
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bober
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilting
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Christ
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009132:Muscles / Q000196:embryology*; D051787:Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics; D018008:Myogenin; D010312:Parthenogenesis; D015534:Trans-Activators
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C497418:Myf5 protein, mouse; C503801:Myog protein, mouse; D051787:Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D018008:Myogenin; D015534:Trans-Activators; C063403:myogenic factor 6