title: Inhibitors of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5 beta-steroid reductase in urine from patients with congestive heart failure.
abstract: Recently, the current authors reported the presence in normotensive male and female urines of reproducibly measurable levels of naturally occurring substances in partially purified extracts of urine with inhibitory activity like glycyrrhetic acid (GA) towards both 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-OHSD) and steroid 5 beta-reductase (5 beta-SR) in vitro. Since these substances mimic two known inhibitory activities of GA, they have been named 'Glycyrrhetic Acid-Like Factors', abbreviated as 'GALFs' or, more specifically 11 beta-GALF for substance(s) active against 11 beta-OHSD, and 5 beta-GALF for those inhibitory to 5 beta-SR. Administration of glycyrrhetic acid in man leads to cortisol-dependent mineralocorticoid hypertension, owing to impaired inactivation of cortisol by 11 beta-OHSD, and may be associated with increased sensitivity to mineralocorticoids owing to impaired 5 beta-SR. In this preliminary report, the results are described of a study on the presence of GALF factors in urines collected from patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and mild essential hypertension. The results show that in such patients there are increased amounts of both 11 beta- and 5 beta- GALFs compared to normotensive. The possible physiological significance of these results is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miriam Hospital, Brown University Medical School Providence, Rhode, Island 02906.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Semafuko
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sheff
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Latif
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadaniantz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid / Q000652:urine*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D010088:Oxidoreductases; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; C021936:3-oxo-5 beta-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid