title: Hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic mechanisms of experimental pulmonary edema in rats and the effect of anisodamine and tetramethylpyrazine. Part 1: Survival rate, pulmonary index, pathological change and pulmonary vascular permeability.
abstract: Pulmonary edema (PE) which is similar to the neurogenic type was induced by adrenaline (AD) administration (0.1 mg/kg) in rats. Acute progressive respiratory distress, cyanosis and dyspnea occurred. All the experimental animals in the PE group died within 20 min after AD injection, with a pulmonary index (PI) of 1.70 +/- 0.47 (mean +/- S) which was much higher than that in the normal group. The mortality rate was 100%. It was found that in rats with PE, a protein-rich fluid filled the alveolar and interstitial spaces, and ecchymosis occurred. The capillary permeability as estimated by Evans blue injection showed that Evans blue from extraction fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the PE rats was at a much higher level than that in the normal control (NC) rats. In anisodamine (ADM, 654-2) and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) treated rats, almost all the damage was diminished or absent, and the mortality rates were decreased from 100% to 4.4% and 20%, respectively. 654-2 and TMP could significantly inhibit the increase of pulmonary permeability.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, CAMS, Beijing.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Si
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004837:Epinephrine; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D011719:Pyrazines; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C003922:anisodamine; C017953:tetramethylpyrazine; D004837:Epinephrine