title: Scratch and match: pigeons learn matching and oddity with gravel stimuli.
abstract: Two groups of 4 pigeons learned either matching-to-sample or oddity-from-sample by digging in white and black gravel for buried grain. Learning occurred as early as Trial 11, and acquisition was accelerated by as much as 100-fold compared with learning in traditional key-peck environments. Control experiments showed that performance was not controlled by cues other than the gravel stimuli and was not due to distributed practice effects of 8 trials per day and longer intertrial intervals.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Delius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior; D001288:Attention; D010856:Columbidae; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D009042:Motivation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D014163:Transfer, Psychology