title: Defective calcium influx and acrosome reaction (spontaneous and progesterone-induced) in spermatozoa of infertile men with severe teratozoospermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the acrosome reaction and its prerequisite, a calcium influx, in spermatozoa of infertile men with a high incidence of abnormal sperm forms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic tertiary assisted reproduction center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 14) were allocated in the study after semen evaluation showed teratozoospermia (< 14% normal sperm forms) as diagnosed by strict criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  After swim-up separation of the motile fraction, acrosome reactions were evaluated using Pisum sativum agglutinin (both spontaneously and exogenously induced with P and the calcium ionophore A23187, both at 10 microM); the intracellular-free [Ca2+]i was assessed by the fluorescent fura-2 indicator (basal and after P).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients did not show the typical P-induced wave of [Ca2+]i that was observed in controls but rather a blunted response, no response at all, or abnormal basal [Ca2+]i levels. The percent of basal acrosome reaction was significantly lower for patients versus controls postswim-up, and at 1 hour and 3 hours. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the response of acrosome reaction to P both at 1 hour and 3 hours, with patients showing almost no response at all. However, patients' acrosome reaction response to the calcium ionophore was similar to those of fertile men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infertile patients with a high incidence of abnormal sperm forms as diagnosed by strict criteria have a low incidence of spontaneous acrosome reaction and a diminished P-stimulated acrosome reaction, whereas the nonspecific response to a calcium ionophore is conserved. Parallel abnormalities of [Ca2+]i were observed in patients, suggesting that these sperm populations may have a defective nongenomic P sperm receptor and/or abnormalities of other membrane transduction systems.
authors.affiliation: Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk 23507.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oehninger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blackmore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morshedi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sueldo
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000001:Calcimycin; D011374:Progesterone; D002118:Calcium