title: A 15-year experience of injection sclerotherapy in adult patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors report a 15-year experience with injection sclerotherapy in the management of adult and teenage patients with esophageal varices due to extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction is an uncommon cause of esophageal varices and is associated with normal liver function. Effective control of variceal bleeding is the major factor influencing survival. The results of surgery have been unsatisfactory, and therefore, more conservative management policies have been adopted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five patients with proven EHPVO underwent repeated injection sclerotherapy via either a modified rigid esophagoscope under general anaesthesia or a fiber-optic endoscope under light sedation, using ethanolamine oleate as the sclerosant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Esophageal varices were eradicated in 44 patients after a median number 6 injections (range 1-17) over a mean of 12.5 months (range 1-48). The mean follow-up was 6.8 years (range 1.1-14.6 years). Eleven patients were admitted on eighteen occasions with bleeding from esophageal varices before eradication and there were seven bleeding episodes in six patients from recurrent varices after initial eradication. Complications related to sclerotherapy included injection site leak (6), stenosis (11) and mucosal ulceration (32) during 362 injection sclerotherapy episodes. Four patients died during the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection scelotherapy is the treatment of choice in most patients with EHPVO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Krige
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Terblanche
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Bornman
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Robson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000150:complications; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011169:Portal Vein; D012008:Recurrence; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009829:Oleic Acids; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; C033343:ethanolamine oleate