title: Enhancement of antigenic site detection with gold labeled secondary and tertiary antibodies using the immunogold-silver staining method.
abstract: We report a modification of the immunogold-silver staining method (IGSS) for localizing hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in tissue sections, and we compare the efficacy of localizing the primary antibody with either a 5 nm gold labeled secondary antibody or 5 nm gold labeled secondary and tertiary antibodies. Light microscope examination of 10 microns frozen sections demonstrated that the use of combined secondary and tertiary gold labeled antibodies was superior to using a secondary gold labeled antibody alone. The increased labeling density (number of colloidal gold particles/antigenic site/cell) achieved by combined gold labeled antibodies was confirmed by electron microscopy. The increased labeling density resulted in a two-thirds reduction in the time needed for the IGSS physical development of the silver shells and less background. We achieved intense specific staining of hepatocytes expressing PEPCK while minimizing background staining. The use of combined secondary and tertiary gold labeled antibodies enhances the signal-to-noise ratio, achieves high resolution and is a suitable method for use in both light and electron microscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0521.
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Giffin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cardell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000941:Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D016616:Cryoultramicrotomy; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008867:Microtomy; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)