title: Treatment of cystine stones: combined approach using open pyelolithotomy, percutaneous pyelolithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and chemolysis.
abstract: Treatment of cystine stones in the urinary tract can be difficult because of a high frequency of recurrence, resistance to Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), difficulty in localization and access to peripheral stones during Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), and the insufficient effect of oral chemolysis. We present two cases of urinary cystine calculi treated with a combination of pyelolithotomy, PCNL, ESWL and percutaneous irrigation chemolysis, using N-acetylcysteine and Tromethamine-E.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aabech
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003553:Cystine / Q000032:analysis*; D003555:Cystinuria / Q000150:complications*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery; D008096:Lithotripsy; D015607:Stents; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014325:Tromethamine; D003553:Cystine; D004492:Edetic Acid; D000111:Acetylcysteine