Toxicokinetics of phenobarbital in rats with DL-ethionine-induced liver injury.
The toxicokinetic parameters of phenobarbital (PB) were assessed in a female rat model of liver disease. In a preliminary study to determine the optimum dose of DL-ethionine (ET) for creating liver damage, intraperitoneal injection of 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg of ET was done for 4 days. ET treatment caused an increase in serum GOT and GPT activity and a decrease in the serum glucose concentration. In the liver, triglycerides and free fatty acids were increased and glucose and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) were decreased. Histologic examination revealed diffuse fatty degeneration of the hepatocytes. These findings accorded with those already reported as characteristic of ET intoxication. The toxicokinetic parameters for PB were determined after oral or intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg of PB to rats with ET (500 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced hepatotoxicity. After oral administration of PB, prolongation of the Tmax, increased AUC0-infinity, and decreased ke and CL values were noted in ET-treated rats. When PB was given intravenously, the AUC0-infinity was increased while the values of alpha, beta and CL were decreased. A high level of urinary excretion of PB persisted for 48 hr. Protein binding of PB was unchanged in ET-treated animals, but the extent of bioavailability of PB tended to increase. These results indicate that elimination of PB was impaired in the ET-treated rats.
Noguchi
M
M
Safety Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
Tanaka
K
K
Kuwamura
Y
Y
Fukushima
T
T
Kawai
Y
Y
D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D005001:Ethionine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D001798:Blood Proteins; D005001:Ethionine; D010634:Phenobarbital