title: Dural defects of the temporal bone.
abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (otorrhea or otorhinorrhea) from the temporal bone is the end result of rupture of the arachnoid membrane or herniation of the brain through a defect in the protective dura mater and calvarium. The rupture may be small, admitting only a herniation of arachnoid (meningocele), or be large enough to accommodate brain tissue (encephalocele). Flow of cerebrospinal fluid through either type of fistula may be a trickle or profuse, chronic or intermittent, and usually ceases temporarily for a few weeks following an attack of meningitis. The etiology, anatomy, signs and symptoms, and various methods of treatment for cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and otorhinorrhea are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School and Surgeon, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Montgomery
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose