title: Hypertension increases the risk of renal deterioration in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of hypertension on the development of renal functional deterioration, end stage renal disease and death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Person-years analysis using regression techniques to adjust for other baseline risk factors for adverse renal and patient survival outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six hundred eighty-five patients with SLE were followed for a total of 4,137 person-years. The risk of renal deterioration (doubling of serum creatinine) and endstage renal disease (ESRD) both increased with increasing baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) (both p > 0.05). Even after adjustment for age, sex, baseline serum creatinine, C3, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hematocrit, anti-DNA antibodies, and proteinuria, those in the highest quartile of MAP had 2.3 times the odds of renal deterioration at 12 months and 4.6 times the odds of ESRD compared to those in the lowest quartile of MAP (both p < 0.01 comparing highest to lowest quartile of MAP). Also, hypertension increased the risk of mortality, especially between one and 2 years after blood pressure determination. The effect of hypertension was also independent of corticosteroid dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with SLE, hypertension is a potent independent risk factor for adverse renal outcomes, and it also increases the risk of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, SUNY-Health Science Center at Brooklyn 11203.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ginzler
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Felson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D011241:Prednisone