title: Hypersensitivity of Gi protein mediated muscarinic receptor adenylyl cyclase in chronic ischaemic heart failure in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to study the Gi protein mediated muscarinic signalling system in the myocardium of rats with chronic ischaemic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronic ischaemic heart failure was induced by myocardial ischaemia (four weeks after coronary artery ligation) in rats. The densities and agonist affinities of muscarinic receptors, and the functional activity and concentration of Gi proteins were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In failing hearts, the activity of adenylyl cyclase stimulated by guanyliminodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) was decreased by 46%. Stimulated activities of adenylyl cyclase by both sodium fluoride and forskolin, however, remained unchanged. Carbachol depressed forskolin stimulated adenylyl cyclase more in membranes from failing hearts than those from normal hearts. The functional level of Gs protein as measured by a reconstitution assay in sarcolemmal membrane did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore, muscarinic receptors exhibited superhigh and low affinities for agonist in failing hearts whereas those in control hearts displayed only high and low affinities. No significant difference in the peptide equivalent amount of membrane bound Gi protein was found in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental chronic failing heart due to myocardial ischaemia showed a depressed myocardial adenylyl cyclase signalling system. This may be due to the hypersensitivity of the Gi protein mediated muscarinic receptor-adenylyl cyclase system as shown by the increased inhibition of Gpp(NH)p mediated adenylyl cyclase, more potent inhibition of stimulated adenylyl cyclase by carbachol, and the superhigh affinity of the muscarinic receptors for carbachol.
authors.affiliation: Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgren's Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: L X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Q P
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hedner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoebeke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjalmarson
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D005576:Colforsin; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; D002217:Carbachol; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases