title: Oral delivery and clearance of antiplaque agents from Triclosan-containing dentifrices.
abstract: Oral delivery and clearance of Triclosan and zinc were studied following use of three commercially available Triclosan-containing toothpastes. One paste contained 0.3 per cent Triclosan and 2 per cent PVM-MA copolymer, one contained 0.3 per cent Triclosan and 5 per cent sodium pyrophosphate and the third contained 0.3 per cent Triclosan and 0.75 per cent zinc citrate trihydrate. Each gave similar total oral retention of Triclosan (37 per cent-46 per cent of the dose). However, clinically important product differences were observed in the salivary clearance of Triclosan and in Triclosan delivery to plaque. The Triclosan/zinc paste delivered more Triclosan to oral reservoirs (as measured by the area under the salivary clearance curve) than either the Triclosan/PVM-MA or the Triclosan/pyrophosphate paste (p < 0.001). The Triclosan/zinc paste produced higher Triclosan levels in plaque than the Triclosan/PVM-MA paste (109 micrograms/g versus 78 micrograms/g, p < 0.05). Zinc was effectively delivered to oral surfaces by the Triclosan/zinc paste, and was cleared more slowly than Triclosan (single-reservoir t1/2 = 50 min). After use of the Triclosan/zinc paste the zinc level in plaque was 153 micrograms/g, a seven-fold increase over the control. These results demonstrate that good delivery of Triclosan requires a highly optimised formulation. Furthermore, they suggest that the superior clinical effects of the Triclosan/zinc paste are due to a combination of superior delivery of Triclosan to oral sites of action together with effective delivery of a second, complementary antiplaque agent, zinc.
authors.affiliation: Dental Division, Unilever Research Port Sunlight Laboratory, Bebington, Wirral, UK.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Creeth
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cummins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019343:Citric Acid; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003802:Dentifrices; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008298:Maleates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000378:metabolism*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000494:pharmacology; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014260:Triclosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D003802:Dentifrices; D011756:Diphosphates; D008298:Maleates; D011145:Polyvinyls; C058026:polyvinylmethoxyethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer; D019343:Citric Acid; D014260:Triclosan; D015032:Zinc; C003319:sodium pyrophosphate