title: Low bone mineral density at axial and appendicular sites in amenorrheic athletes.
abstract: Amenorrheic athletes have low axial bone-mineral density (BMD, g.cm-2). We compared 12 amenorrheic and 9 eumenorrheic women athletes to determine whether athletes with amenorrhea have lower BMD in other skeletal regions, including weight-bearing lower limbs. BMD was measured by dual energy x-ray and single photon absorptiometry. Both groups had similar age, body mass, and exercise quantity. Women with amenorrhea missed 86.3 +/- 58.3 menstrual periods since menarche. BMD was lower in the amenorrheic vs eumenorrheic subjects for the lumbar spine (0.928 +/- 0.056 vs 1.050 +/- 0.110, P < 0.005), whole body (1.032 +/- 0.05 vs 1.09 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05), most regions of the whole body (P < 0.05-0.001), all areas of the proximal femur (P < 0.005), and at the femoral mid-shaft (1.333 +/- 0.109 vs 1.491 +/- 0.088, P < 0.005). No significant differences were detected at the mid-radius and tibial shaft. The best predictors of BMD were years of regular menstruation for lumbar spine; and years of amenorrhea for hip, femoral mid-shaft, and whole body. We conclude that low BMD in athletes with amenorrhea is not limited to the axial skeleton but is also present in other regions including appendicular weight-bearing bones.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Myburgh
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Bachrach
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcus
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology; D008598:Menstruation / Q000502:physiology; D011884:Radius / Q000502:physiology; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*