title: Geometric hysteresis in pulmonary surface-to-volume ratio during tidal breathing.
abstract: We investigated the dynamic history dependence of lung surface area-to-volume ratio (S/V) during tidal breathing in live rabbits with use of our recently developed technique of diffuse optical scattering. We also examined the effect of methacholine (continuous intravenous infusion, 1-10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) on lung micromechanics with the same technique. Animals were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and mechanically ventilated, and the left lung was exposed through a thoracotomy. An optical fiber delivering light from a He-Ne laser was attached normal to the pleural surface, producing a circular light pattern on the pleural surface from diffusively scattered light within the parenchyma. The pattern of light intensities was measured using a CCD video camera connected to a computer. S/V during tidal breathing changed in a manner qualitatively consistent with geometric similarity. There was a small but significant hysteresis in S/V vs. volume, with S/V inspiration greater than S/V expiration at the same volume. However, during methacholine challenge, the sense of hysteresis reversed; S/V inspiration was less than S/V expiration at isovolume points. Moreover, S/V during methacholine challenge systematically decreased at all lung volumes compared with control. These findings suggest that 1) during normal tidal breathing, stress hysteresis in ductal tissue is larger than septal stress hysteresis (septal tissue plus surface tension) and 2) the effect of methacholine on tissue in the septa is greater than the corresponding effect in ductal tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lehr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007834:Lasers; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008688:Methacholine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013500:Surface Tension
chemical_list: D008688:Methacholine Compounds