title: Intraoperative echocardiography: techniques and current applications.
abstract: Intraoperative echocardiography has opened new dimensions in the evaluation of cardiac surgical patients, and has contributed significantly to the improved surgical results. The use of intraoperative echocardiography has enabled the surgeon to image the working heart, to define the operative anatomy and physiology, and to evaluate the results immediately before the patients leave the operating room. This review summarizes the current status and applications of intraoperative echocardiography in the practice of cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, GATA, Gülhane School of Medicine, Etlik, Ankara, Türkiye.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciçek
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demirkiliç
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tatar
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*