title: In vivo regulation of rat muscle glycogen resynthesis after intense exercise.
abstract: Time courses of the glycogen synthesis rate and of the glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P) concentration after an electrically induced exercise were followed in the anesthetized rat gastrocnemius by in vivo 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, respectively. The ratio of glycogen synthase I to glycogen synthase I and D (I/I+D) and allosteric activation by G-6-P were also studied in vitro on muscles sampled at rest and 10 min (early recovery) and 100 min (late recovery) after exercise. From early recovery to late recovery, the in vivo glycogen synthesis rate dropped from 0.46 +/- 0.06 to 0.11 +/- 0.04 mmol.kg wet tissue-1.min-1, the G-6-P concentration from 0.83 +/- 0.08 to 0.32 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg wet tissue, and I/I+D from 83 +/- 4 to 47 +/- 1%. The combination of the changes in G-6-P concentration and in I/I+D quantitatively describes the fourfold decrease in glycogen synthesis rate from early to late recovery. These results demonstrate that phosphorylation, determining glycogen synthase I/I+D, and allosteric control of glycogen synthase by G-6-P contribute approximately equally to the regulation of the postexercise in vivo glycogen synthesis rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Avison
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Shulman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D005958:Glucosephosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D006003:Glycogen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010758:Phosphorus; D005082:Physical Exertion; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005958:Glucosephosphates; D010758:Phosphorus; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D006003:Glycogen; D006006:Glycogen Synthase