title: Factors associated with risk for HIV infection among chronic mentally ill adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic mentally ill adults have been found to be at risk for HIV infection. The authors investigated the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among psychiatric outpatients. Correlates of HIV risk factors and characteristics of patient relationships in which risk occurred were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured interviews were conducted with 95 chronic mentally ill adults from urban community support service programs. The interviews focused on sexual and substance use behavior, history of HIV risk behaviors, and relationship characteristics related to risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study showed that 27% of all patients had had two or more sex partners in the previous year and 18% had received money or drugs for sex. High rates of illicit drug use were also found, with frequent use of drugs or alcohol in association with sexual activity. Multiple regression analyses showed that use of illicit drugs, meeting sex partners in psychiatric clinics, and meeting partners in bars accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in HIV risk behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest an urgent need for HIV prevention programs targeted at urban chronic mentally ill adults. Risk-producing characteristics of patient relationships and social networks should be addressed in the development of prevention interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kalichman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population