title: Trivalent metal ions in the prevention of calcification in glutaraldehyde treated biological tissues. Is there a chemical correlation?
abstract: The influence of chemical factors on trivalent metal ions in the prevention of calcification of glutaraldehyde treated biological tissue has been explored. The results indicate that the chemical link lies in the hard character of the trivalent metal ions. Metal ions with the hardest character appear to have the best chance of reacting with oxygen atoms of the phosphate groups at nucleation sites of hydroxyapatite. This disrupts the nucleation and thus prevents calcification in glutaraldehyde treated biological tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Loke
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khor
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Goh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002712:Chlorides; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D008297:Male; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D010496:Pericardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013552:Swine; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D005682:Gadolinium; C038958:gadolinium chloride; D002118:Calcium; D005976:Glutaral; C024555:ferric chloride