title: Carbohydrate supplementation spares muscle glycogen during variable-intensity exercise.
abstract: Effects of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on muscle glycogen utilization and endurance were evaluated in seven well-trained male cyclists during continuous cycling exercise that varied between low [45% maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max)] and moderate intensity (75% VO2 max). During each exercise bout the subjects received either artificially flavored placebo (P), 10% liquid CHO supplement (L; 3 x 18 g CHO/h), or solid CHO supplement (S; 2 x 25 g CHO/h). Muscle biopsies were taken from vastus lateralis during P and L trials immediately before exercise and after first (124 min) and second set (190 min) of intervals. Subjects then rode to fatigue at 80% VO2 max. Plasma glucose and insulin responses during L treatment reached levels of 6.7 +/- 0.7 mM and 70.6 +/- 17.2 microU/ml, respectively, and were significantly greater than those of P treatment (4.4 +/- 0.1 mM and 17.7 +/- 1.6 microU/ml) throughout the exercise bout. Plasma glucose and insulin responses of S treatment were intermediate to those of L and P treatments. Times to fatigue for S (223.9 +/- 3.5 min) and L (233.4 +/- 7.5 min) treatments did not differ but were significantly greater than that of P treatment (202.4 +/- 9.8 min). After the first 190 min of exercise, muscle glycogen was significantly greater during L (79 +/- 3.5 mumol/g wet wt) than during P treatment (58.5 +/- 7.2 mumol/g wet wt). Furthermore, differences in muscle glycogen concentrations between L and P treatments after 190 min of exercise and in time to fatigue for these treatments were positively related (r = 0.76, P < 0.05). These results suggest that CHO supplementation can enhance prolonged continuous variable-intensity exercise by reducing dependency on muscle glycogen as a fuel source.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Austin 78712.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Yaspelkis
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Anderla
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ivy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology; D016552:Ergometry; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D007773:Lactates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D006003:Glycogen