title: Comparison of ketorolac and opioid analgesics in postoperative ACL reconstruction outpatient pain control.
abstract: Pain control is an important postoperative consideration with any surgical procedure. Technological and procedural improvements have contributed to the reduction in both the degree of surgical difficulty and the postsurgical complications associated with intricate surgeries. As a result, certain surgeries have potential for being performed on an outpatient basis, dependent upon appropriate pain-management regimens and the degree of potential for postoperative complications. Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common procedure. Because of the reduction in invasiveness that arthroscopy provides, outpatient surgery is now routinely employed for ACL patients. The arguments against ACL outpatient surgery have included the reluctance to use ambulatory, indwelling, intravenous pain-pump delivery systems for opioid pain medication. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a ketorolac tromethamine used for the management of the postoperative pain produced as a result of outpatient ACL reconstruction. When the ketorolac pain management regimen is compared in this setting with meperidine or morphine, pain control is as good as, or in some cases better than, either of the opioid drugs. Additionally, the adverse side effects associated with opioid drugs are significantly reduced at a substantially lower direct cost to the patient.
authors.affiliation: Knee and Arthroscopic Surgery, Anchorage, Alaska.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hendricks
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D014325:Tromethamine; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D009020:Morphine; D008614:Meperidine; D014046:Tolmetin