title: Characterization of a Bacillus thuringiensis strain which is toxic to the housefly Musca domestica.
abstract: A Bacillus thuringiensis isolate has been discovered which is toxic to the common housefly (Musca domestica) as well as other Diptera and Lepidoptera. Crystal delta-endotoxins purified from this isolate killed 50% of Musca larvae at a concentration of 10.2 micrograms/ml, and beta-exotoxin was not detected. Sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified crystals revealed three protein species which were related to CryIA(b), CryIB and CryIIA toxins on the basis of immunoreactivity and amino-terminal sequence determination. Southern blot and DNA restriction analyses suggested that the strain has sequences related to one cryIA(b), one cryIIA, and two cryIIB genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hodgman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ziniu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nicholls
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ellar
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D006793:Houseflies; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010957:Plasmids
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004731:Endotoxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis