Karate for self-defense: an analysis of Goju-ryu and Kyokushinkai kata.
12 Goju-ryu and 24 Kyokushinkai kata (forms) widely practised today were analysed for blocking and counter-offensive techniques. A statistically significant preference was found for blocking in Goju-ryu kata and a significant preference for counter-offensive techniques in Kyokushinkai kata. The kata from both styles were seen as fostering nonviolence in their practitioners, however.
Layton
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C
Kime Publishing, Hunstanton, Norfolk, England.
Higaonna
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M
Arneil
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S
D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D010553:Personality Development; D014754:Violence