title: Rat embryo development on human sera is related to numbers of previous spontaneous abortions and nutritional factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives were to determine (1) if sera from women with histories of spontaneous abortions were teratogenic to cultured embryos more often than were sera of nonaborters, (2) if the teratogenicity could be corrected by adding nutrients to the sera, and (3) if these findings were relevant to reproductive outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat embryos were cultured for 48 hours on sera from 102 subjects who had experienced spontaneous abortions. Samples from 48 were retested with nutrients added and 10 took dietary supplements, were again tested with embryo cultures, and reported on their pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of teratogenic sera increased with numbers of spontaneous abortions (0 to > or = 5) in a manner that did not deviate from linearity (27% to 89%) (chi 2 p > 0.957). Nutrient supplements were added to 48 samples, and 40 were corrected and 10 subjects were given dietary supplement. Sera from six showed improved embryo cultures, and these women completed their pregnancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rat embryo cultures may provide unique insights into the causes and treatment of spontaneous abortions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-4039.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gilles
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nadler
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Weeks
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lammi-Keefe
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003470:Culture Media; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D003470:Culture Media; D014815:Vitamins