title: Urolithiasis in Australian aboriginal children.
abstract: Thirty-six Australian Aboriginal children with urolithiasis were reviewed. Males dominated the series. The age distribution ranged from 8 months to 12 years and nearly 70% were 2 years or younger. Thirty-five patients had upper tract stones. Ultrasound was diagnostic in 35 patients and was falsely negative in one. Dietary factors, dehydration and recurrent diarrhoea are incriminated in the aetiology, because ammonium urate and oxalate were the main constituents of the stones. Malformations of the urinary tract were rare and known metabolic disorders were not seen. Chemical dissolution of the stones was found to be a safe and effective adjuvant in the management of urate stones.
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Thambi Dorai
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Dewan
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Boucaut
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
mesh_terms: D000863:Antacids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000032:analysis; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002951:Citrates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019343:Citric Acid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010070:Oxalates / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D002951:Citrates; D010070:Oxalates; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; D019343:Citric Acid; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D002119:Calcium Carbonate