title: Cancer procoagulant in the human promyelocytic cell line NB4 and its modulation by all-trans-retinoic acid.
abstract: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells express different types of procoagulant activity (PCA), including tissue factor (TF), and cancer procoagulant (CP). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the NB4 cell line, the first ever isolated human APL line, with the typical t(15;17) chromosomal balance translocation, possess CP as well as the cells freshly isolated from APL patients. Secondly, since the NB4 line is maturation inducible by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), we wanted to verify whether CP, if present, was affected by ATRA treatment. The NB4 cells were able to shorten the recalcification assay of normal human plasma (total PCA). To distinguish CP in the assay for clotting activity, two criteria were used, the independence from factor VII to trigger blood coagulation and the sensitivity to cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Forty-seven per cent of total PCA of cell extracts was found to be FVII-independent PCA. A similar proportion of FVII-independent activity (42%) was detected in the cell serum-free supernatants. The activity was significantly decreased by cysteine proteinase inhibitors, including HgCl2, lodoacetic acid and Z-Ala-AlaCHN2. Additionally CP was directly identified and quantified by an immunocapture enzyme assay. The mean +/- SD concentration of CP detected by this assay in the NB4 cells, before any treatment, was 1.89 +/- 0.5 microgram/mg protein. Treatment of NB4 cells with 10(-6) M ATRA for 5 days significantly decreased the expression of CP, which became virtually undetectable by the clotting assay, and was 64% less than the untreated control by the immunocapture enzyme assay. This study provides the first evidence that the human promyelocytic cell line NB4 possess CP. The expression of this procoagulant is modulated by ATRA.
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falanga
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Consonni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Mielicki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rambaldi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanotte
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barbui
mesh_terms: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012074:Remission Induction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C030910:cancer procoagulant