title: Lorazepam treatment of acute and chronic catatonia in two mentally retarded brothers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute catatonia of the retarded type responds rapidly to treatment with lorazepam. There is little information about (1) the efficacy of benzodiazepines in patients with longstanding catatonic syndrome; (2) the effect of longer-term lorazepam therapy in catatonic patients who do not respond to a brief trial of the medication; and (3) the development of catatonic syndromes in family members.
  
  
  METHODS
  We gave lorazepam to two mentally retarded brothers with catatonia. One had become catatonic 2 weeks before starting treatment while the other had been hospitalized in a catatonic state for 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The brother with acute catatonia recovered slowly but completely within 2 weeks of starting lorazepam. The brother with long-standing catatonia responded gradually during the first 5 months of treatment and required higher doses of lorazepam but did eventually recover and was discharged from the hospital on a regimen of lorazepam after 1 year of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Lorazepam may be effective even in patients who have been catatonic for years. (2) Catatonic patients who do not recover immediately with lorazepam may respond to a longer course or higher doses of the medication. (3) There may be a familial predisposition to developing catatonia in response to stressful situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gaind
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Rosebush
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mazurek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002389:Catatonia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005190:Family; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D008016:Life Change Events; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008140:Lorazepam