title: Value of bacterial antigen detection in the diagnostic yield of transthoracic needle aspiration in severe community acquired pneumonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transthoracic needle aspiration (TNA) with an ultrathin needle is a safe and highly specific procedure for obtaining a diagnosis in bacterial pneumonias, but its sensitivity is at best 70%. A study was performed to assess whether Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen detection by latex agglutination from the TNA sample enhanced the diagnostic yield.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood cultures, TNA with an ultrathin needle (culture, Gram stain, and latex agglutination), serological tests, and pneumococcal antigen detection in the urine by counterimmunoelectrophoresis were performed in samples from 18 of 23 consecutive patients with severe community acquired pneumonia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The causative organism was identified in 16 cases (88%): S pneumoniae (10 cases), S pneumoniae plus H influenzae (two cases), Legionella pneumophila (three cases), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (one case). The investigation of antigens by latex agglutination in the pulmonary aspirate increased the diagnostic yield of TNA from 50% to 78% and provided a rapid diagnosis (in less than two hours) with therapeutic implications in seven cases. Its effectiveness was not modified by prior antibiotic therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A latex agglutination test on the pulmonary aspirate enhances the diagnostic yield of TNA in severe community acquired pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tort
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Morera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Espaulella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armengol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007841:Latex Fixation Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial