title: [Ciprofloxacin resistance in gram negative bacilli. Epidemiologic aspects].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present was to study the resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP) in gram negative bacilli (April 1990-March 1992) and to determine the temporary distribution of the resistant strains by species, samples and departments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven thousand four hundred seventy-eight samples were studied. The identification and determination of the sensitivity was performed by the PASCO (Difco) system. Haemophilus spp. and Campylobacter spp. were excluded from the study. The microorganisms with CIM 2 mg/l were considered as resistant (CIPr).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred eighty-one CIPr isolations were identified (6.4%). With regard to the percentage of resistant strains, the species with the highest were: Providencia stuartii (50%); Pseudomonas cepacia (44.4%); Xanthomonas maltophilia (26.9%); Acinetobacter baumannii (25.8%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16%); Citrobacter freundii (12.5%); Serratia marcescens (8.4%); Enterobacter cloacae (5.8%) and Escherichia coli (4.3%). With respect to the absolute number of resistant strains, the most frequent resistant strains were: P. aeruginosa (205), E. coli (144), and A. baumannii (41). Isolation of E. coli and A. baumannii CIPr increased over the study period. Forty-four point five percent of the E. coli CIPr were of extrahospitalary origin; most of the A. baumannii (92.9%) and P. aeruginosa (77.6%) in contrast were of intrahospitalary origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and A. baumannii are the most frequently resistant species. The frequency of isolation of resistant strains of E. coli and A. baumannii significantly increased (p < 0.001) over the two years of the study.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universida de Sevilla.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martínez
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carranza
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Perea
mesh_terms: D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D002939:Ciprofloxacin
vernacular_title: Resistencia a ciprofloxacino en bacilos gramnegativos. Aspectos epidemiológicos.