title: The effects of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on the female singer.
abstract: A review of the medical literature concerning the psychological, physical, and vocal effects of premenstrual syndrome reveals a wide range of significant effects for the female singer and a larger number of proposed treatments. A survey was conducted to evaluate the frequency and severity of 67 general physical and psychological symptoms and 20 vocal symptoms experienced by 104 female singers. The variables of age, menstrual history, voice type, and performing experience were examined. The average number of general symptoms was 33 and the average number of vocal symptoms three. The most frequently reported general symptom was abdominal bloating, while the most frequently reported vocal symptom was difficulty in singing high notes. The subjects reported that symptoms occurred with moderate regularity and severity. At age 35 symptoms decreased in number and severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Music, All Saints Episcopal School, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection; D004358:Drug Therapy; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007830:Larynx / Q000502:physiology; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014833:Voice Quality
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone