title: Empirically determined freezing time for quick-freezing with a liquid-nitrogen-cooled copper block.
abstract: A method is presented to determine freezing time empirically. The method is based on determining the amount of stretch of a skinned muscle fibre while it is being frozen. Freezing time, as determined with this method lies in between 0.5 and 1.5 ms.
authors.affiliation: Departement de Physiologie générale, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Baatsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D003300:Copper; D004548:Elasticity; D005615:Freezing; D017276:Friction; D005629:Frozen Sections; D008433:Mathematics; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009126:Muscle Relaxation; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D011896:Rana temporaria; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D009584:Nitrogen