title: The effect of intestinal hypoperfusion on intestinal absorption and permeability during cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mean arterial pressure is reduced during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. The aim of this study was to assess whether this was associated with intestinal hypoperfusion and whether it affected intestinal absorption and permeability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting underwent an intestinal absorption-permeability test involving ingestion of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, and lactulose. Ingestion took place 2 days before, within 3 hours, and 5 days after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Hemodynamic parameters and gastric mucosal laser Doppler blood flow were measured perioperatively in eight patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypothermic (28 degrees C), nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass resulted in a 25% reduction in mean blood pressure, 10% reduction in cardiac index, and a 46% reduction in gastric mucosal laser Doppler blood flow. There was 85.4%, 85.5%, and 73.6% reduction (P < 0.01) in active (3-O-methyl-D-glucose) and passive (D-xylose) carrier-mediated transport and passive, nonmediated transcellular (L-rhamnose) transport in the immediate postoperative period, respectively. The differential urine excretion of lactulose/L-rhamnose increased sixfold. All parameters returned to control levels by the fifth postoperative day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiopulmonary bypass, while maintaining generally acceptable levels of hemodynamic performance, is associated with significant intestinal hypoperfusion and malabsorption of monosaccharides, which may have implications for enteral drug treatment in the immediate postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ohri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Somasundaram
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Menzies
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bjarnason
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010539:Permeability