title: Photochemical interactions of methylene blue and analogues with DNA and other biological substrates.
abstract: The light-induced reactions of methylene blue and related phenothiazinium dyes with biological substrates are described. The properties of the excited states of the dyes, their reactions with nucleic acids and their photosensitised chemical modifications of nucleic acid bases are examined. Reports on phenothiazinium dye-induced damage to proteins, lipids, biological membranes, organelles, viruses, bacteria, mammalian cells and carcinomas are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tuite
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008322:Mammals; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D015388:Organelles / Q000187:drug effects*; D010777:Photochemistry; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011119:Polynucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D009711:Nucleotides; D011119:Polynucleotides; D011506:Proteins; D004247:DNA; D008751:Methylene Blue