title: Quantifying the vitamin K requirement of juvenile marine shrimp (Penaeus monodon) with menadione.
abstract: A feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary vitamin K requirement for juvenile marine shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Purified diets with eight levels (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg) of supplemental menadione were fed to P. monodon (mean weight 1.33 +/- 0.05 g) for 12 wk. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of shrimp. Shrimp fed diets supplemented with vitamin K (5-320 mg/kg) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher weight gain and feed efficiency than those fed the unsupplemented control diet. Shrimp fed diets supplemented with > or = 50 mg/kg vitamin K had higher protein efficiency ratios than shrimp fed the control diet. Calcium deposition in shrimp generally increased as dietary vitamin K supplementation increased. Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity was highest in shrimp fed the control diet, followed by shrimp fed 5-160 mg menadione/kg diet, and lowest in those fed 320 mg menadione/kg diet. Vitamin K-dependent protein precursor concentrations were high in shrimp fed 0-10 mg menadione/kg diet, lower in those fed 20 mg/kg, and lowest in shrimp fed > or = 50 mg/kg diet. Protein efficiency ratio and vitamin K-dependent protein precursor concentration analyzed by broken-line regression indicated that the adequate dietary vitamin K concentration in growing P. monodon is 30-40 mg/kg diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Republic of China.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shiau
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D019735:Carbon-Carbon Ligases; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D008025:Ligases / Q000032:analysis; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014812:Vitamin K; D008025:Ligases; D019735:Carbon-Carbon Ligases; C020660:glutamyl carboxylase; D002118:Calcium