title: Persistence of multiple maternal genotypes of human immunodeficiency virus type I in infants infected by vertical transmission.
abstract: The extent of nucleotide variation within the HIV-1 env hypervariable domains serves as a marker of virus genotypes within infected individuals and as a means to track transmission of the virus between individuals. We analyzed env V1 and V2 sequences in longitudinal samples from two HIV-1-infected mothers, each with three children infected by maternal transmission of the virus. Sequences in samples that were obtained from two infants at 2 d and 4 wk after birth displayed more variation in V1 and V2 than maternal samples obtained at the same times. Multiple HIV-1 genotypes were identified in each mother. In each family, multiple maternal HIV-1 genotypes were transmitted to the infants. Specific amino acid residues in the hypervariable domains were conserved within sequences from each family producing a family-specific amino acid signature pattern in V1 and V2. Viruses that were highly related to maternal viruses in signature pattern persisted for as long as 4 yr in the older children. Results support a model of transmission involving multiple HIV-1 genotypes with development of genetic variation from differential outgrowth and accumulation of genetic changes within each individual.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lamers
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sleasman
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Barrie
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pomeroy
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Goodenow
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000235:genetics*; D015752:Genes, env; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000382:microbiology*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D015686:Gene Products, env