title: Unplanned pregnancies in young women with diabetes. An analysis of psychosocial factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess psychosocial factors related to preventing birth defects in children born to diabetic women. Diabetic women are at high risk for bearing children with congenital anomalies associated with teratogenic effects early in pregnancy. This study focuses on factors related to the family planning behavior of diabetic women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six diabetic women were included in a 5-yr, prospective, longitudinal study along with 69 phenylketonuric women, who also face a high risk of bearing children with birth defects, and 68 healthy women. Annual interviews and questionnaires were administered. Women who did not want a pregnancy completed measures related to contraceptive behavior and quality of life. Areas assessed were knowledge, personality, attitudes, and social support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic women were more likely to be sexually active than women with phenylketonuria. Use and type of birth control were comparable among the groups except that diabetic women used condoms more often. For diabetic women, social support and positive attitudes towards birth control were associated with consistent birth control use. Of the diabetic women, 23 became pregnant, and only 6 (26%) were planned pregnancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Birth control use by diabetic women needs to be addressed by health professionals. Attitudes about birth control of the women and those close to them appear to be important factors in consistent birth control use. Suggestions are made for addressing these factors.
authors.affiliation: Biochemical Genetics Unit, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: St James
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Younger
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Waisbren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010551:Personality; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires