title: Hepatic toxicity of antirheumatic drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many of the diverse group of pharmacologic agents available for the treatment of rheumatic diseases have the potential to cause serious hepatotoxicity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with drug-induced hepatotoxicity in rheumatic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While mild elevations in plasma transaminase concentrations are associated with almost all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), clinically significant hepatic toxicity is very rare. NSAID-induced liver injury probably has an immunologic basis, but neither a detailed mechanism nor precise incidence rates are known. Methotrexate can cause hepatic fibrosis during chronic use, but the liver injury is poorly reflected by plasma transaminase concentrations; it is difficult to formulate monitoring recommendations when this agent is used in rheumatic disease. Gold and penicillamine have been associated with rare cases of hepatic toxicity as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug treatment of rheumatic diseases is associated with a small but well-documented risk of hepatotoxicity. Recognizing the clinical syndromes associated with liver injury by these agents facilitates the minimization of morbidity from this complication.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Department of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Brass
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006046:Gold / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011422:Propionates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011422:Propionates; D012459:Salicylates; D004008:Diclofenac; C011677:benoxaprofen; D006046:Gold; D010396:Penicillamine; D008727:Methotrexate