title: A controlled study of ranitidine for the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage from duodenal ulcer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemorrhage is the most common complication of duodenal ulcer disease, but there is little information about the effectiveness and safety of long-term maintenance therapy with histamine H2-receptor blockers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a double-blind study in patients with endoscopically documented hemorrhage from duodenal ulcers. Patients were randomly assigned to maintenance therapy with ranitidine (150 mg at night) or placebo and were followed for up to three years. Endoscopy was performed at base line (to document that the ulcers had healed), at exit from the study, and when a patient had persistent ulcer symptoms unrelieved by antacids or had gastrointestinal bleeding. Symptomatic relapses without bleeding were treated with ranitidine; if the ulcer healed within eight weeks, the patient resumed taking the assigned study medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were similar at entry, which usually occurred about three months after the index hemorrhage. After a mean follow-up of 61 weeks, 3 of the 32 patients treated with ranitidine had recurrent hemorrhage, as compared with 12 of the 33 given placebo (P < 0.05). Half the episodes of recurrent bleeding were asymptomatic. One patient in the ranitidine group withdrew from the study because of asymptomatic thrombocytopenia during the first month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients whose duodenal ulcers heal after severe hemorrhage, long-term maintenance therapy with ranitidine is safe and reduces the risk of recurrent bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Center for Ulcer Research and Education, UCLA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reedy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frankl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Machicado
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silpa
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D011899:Ranitidine