title: The effect of test protocol instructions on the measurement of muscle function in adult women.
abstract: Consideration of the anatomy of the nervous system and events (ie., age, physical training, motor learning) that invoke changes in neural regulatory mechanisms and other bodily systems renders the impact of the type of instruction used to elicit a maximal effort in the assessment of muscle function across age, among different muscle groups, and for different parameters of muscle function tenuous. Hence, the efficacy and effect of using two types of instructions (rate vs. strength) on the assessment of the isometric functional capacity of six muscle groups were examined in women (N = 143) aged 25-74 years. The subjects were categorized by age into 10, 5-year groups. Measures of maximal force (MF), maximal rate of force increase (MR), total impulse (TI), time to MF (MFT), time to MR (MRT), and plateau time (PLT, time between 90% MF and MF) were obtained from the force-time recordings of maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the finger flexors, thumb extensors, elbow flexors and extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors and plantar flexors. Repeated measures analyses of variance indicated that instruction type influenced (p < .05) the magnitude and pattern of the force-time recordings, with the degree of difference dependent upon the muscle group and parameter of muscle function examined. Use of the rate instruction yielded greater MRs (40.9-541.0 N/sec) than the strength instruction. The strength instruction elicited greater MFs (6.4-326.7 N), longer MFTs (0.72-1.50 sec), MRTs (0.05-0.15 sec) and PLTs (0.31-0.79 sec), and greater TIs (25.1-1,079.8 N-sec) than the rate instruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign 61801.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Boileau
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Slaughter
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stillman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design