title: Production of nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus requires a putative viral protease encoded by NS3.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive strand RNA virus with certain similarity to flaviviruses and pestiviruses. To examine the processing and possible assembly of HCV proteins, we constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses a full-length genomic RNA, infected chimp liver cells with the virus, and analyzed HCV-related protein products by immunofluorescent antibody staining and Western blot detection with mouse monoclonal antibodies. The putative core, envelope, and NS1 and NS3 proteins that yielded from this recombinant were 22, 32, 53 to 58, and 65 kDa in size, respectively. The NS4 protein was unexpectedly small, with an estimated molecular weight of 7 kDa, and the NS5 protein was found to be further cleaved into 52-kDa NS5a and 58-kDa NS5b proteins, the latter of which contains a hallmark of RNA replicase. A point mutation in the putative protease domain of NS3 resulted in a failure in the production of NS3, NS4, NS5a, and NS5b, but coexpression of NS3 restored the proper processing of these proteins, demonstrating that NS3, the putative viral protease, is essential for the production of these nonstructural proteins. Thus, HCV strikingly resembles pestiviruses in the size and the processing mode of the nonstructural proteins, particularly NS4 and NS5.
authors.affiliation: Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fuke
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tanishita
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yosida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D017354:Point Mutation; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014162:Transfection; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000085242:Viral Proteases
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004265:DNA Helicases; D010450:Endopeptidases; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C084422:NS3 protein, hepatitis C virus; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000085242:Viral Proteases