title: Endotracheal tube and tracheobronchial obstruction as causes of hypoventilation with high inspiratory pressures.
abstract: Two cases of difficult ventilation are presented, the first caused by endotracheal tube obstruction with nasal turbinate, and the second caused by tracheobronchial obstruction with blood clots. The clinical presentation in each case was characterized by extreme difficulty in ventilating and severe hypercapnia despite vigorous ventilatory efforts with either a mechanical ventilator or resuscitator bag. A simple manipulation of the endotracheal tube cuff helped to differentiate between increased impedance caused by endotracheal tube obstruction as opposed to increased respiratory system impedance beyond the tip of tube. In the second patient, in whom even a short interruption of ventilation was poorly tolerated, simultaneous rigid bronchoscopy (for removal of intratracheal masses) and ventilation via endotracheal tube were successfully performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sprung
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bourke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Barnas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000209:etiology; D007040:Hypoventilation / Q000209:etiology*; D001239:Inhalation / Q000502:physiology; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications*; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D014420:Turbinates / Q000473:pathology*