title: Treatment of autonomous thyroid nodules with percutaneous ethanol injection: 4-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term efficacy of treatment of autonomous thyroid nodules with percutaneous ethanol injection under ultrasound guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment was performed in 101 patients. The mean ratio of injected ethanol volume to nodule volume was approximately 1.5; ethanol was usually administered in four to eight sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete cure was achieved in 59 patients. Partial cure was achieved in 34 patients. Eight patients had remission of thyrotoxicosis but persistence of thyroid-stimulating hormone level suppression and radionuclide uptake only in the nodule. The extent of the response was inversely proportional to the nodule volume. Marked nodule shrinkage was observed in all groups. No recurrences were observed. Transient vocal cord paresis occurred in four patients, with full recovery in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method compares favorably with both surgery and radioiodine treatment, especially when the very low prevalence of posttreatment hypothyroidism is considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ospedale Civile, Vimercate, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Livraghi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paracchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reschini
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Macchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonifacino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011677:Punctures; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D000431:Ethanol; D013972:Thyrotropin