title: A unique palindromic element mediates gamma interferon induction of mig gene expression.
abstract: To define the molecular mechanisms involved in the action of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), we have analyzed the transcriptional regulation of the mig (monokine induced by gamma interferon) gene, a member of the platelet factor 4-interleukin-8 cytokine family that is expressed in murine macrophages specifically in response to IFN-gamma. Analysis of mig/CAT chimeric constructs transiently transfected into the RAW 264.7 mouse monocytic cell line revealed a unique IFN-gamma-responsive element (gamma RE-1). The sequence of this cis regulatory element defined by deletion analysis contains an imperfect inverted repeat extending 27 bp. Examination of mig/CAT constructs with mutations in gamma RE-1 revealed that the palindromic positions in the element were essential for activity. Consistent with its function as an enhancer, a single copy of gamma RE-1 conferred IFN-gamma inducibility to a heterologous (herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase) promoter. Exonuclease III protection assays demonstrated symmetrical protection of a mig promoter fragment centered about the gamma RE-1 palindromic sequence. Using the gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we identified a factor (gamma RF-1) present in nuclear extracts prepared from IFN-gamma-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells which binds to gamma RE-1. The activation of gamma RF-1 occurred rapidly (within 1 min) in response to IFN-gamma and was independent of protein synthesis. Similar to the expression of mig mRNA, the formation of gamma RF-1 was selectively induced by IFN-gamma and not IFN-alpha. The regulation of gene expression through gamma RF-1 and gamma RE-1 may explain the preferential activation of a subset of interferon-inducible genes by IFN-gamma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Severns
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Guyer
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; C020133:exodeoxyribonuclease III