title: Changes in collagen composition and cross-links in bone and skin of osteoporotic postmenopausal women treated with percutaneous estradiol implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of percutaneous estradiol (E2) implants on the collagen composition and maturity in the bone and skin of osteoporotic postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density were treated for 1 year with 75-mg E2 implants. Iliac crest bone and skin biopsies were analyzed for collagen content and collagen cross-links before treatment and at 1 year. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was also performed before and after 1 year of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cortical bone showed a significant increase in the mature cross-links of both hydroxylysylpyridinoline (P < .01) and lysylpyridinoline (P < .01), with a significant reduction in the percentage of collagen (P < .001). The pattern was similar in trabecular bone, with lysylpyridinoline increasing significantly (P < .05). The skin exhibited a significant reduction in the immature cross-link hydroxylysinonorleucine (P < .01), but no significant change in the percentage of collagen content or the mature cross-link histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine. The median increases in bone density were 11.5% at the spine and 4.34% at the total hip. The median post-treatment serum E2 level was 639 pmol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone mineral density increased at all the sites measured in the spine and proximal hip. The quality of the collagen within the transiliac biopsies had matured in that the concentration of the mature collagen cross-links had increased. These findings support a reduction in the turnover of bone collagen following estrogen replacement therapy. More important, the formation of a more mature collagen fiber should help to reduce the risk of future bone fracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Studd
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mansell
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Leather
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006639:Histidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004151:Dipeptides; C075793:histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine; C010991:delta-hydroxylysylnorleucine; D006639:Histidine; D004958:Estradiol; C015484:pyridinoline; C036020:deoxypyridinoline; D003094:Collagen