title: GABA receptors in the region of the dorsomedial hypothalamus of rats regulate anxiety in the elevated plus-maze test. II. Physiological measures.
abstract: In the previous report, we had shown that blockade and enhancement of GABAA receptors in the DMH of rats increased or decreased the level of anxiety, respectively, as measured by the elevated plus-maze test. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of enhancing GABAA neurotransmission in the DMH of rats on the physiological concomitants of anxiety such as increases in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels while the animals were placed on the elevated plus-maze. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were equipped with arterial and venous catheters and stereotaxically implanted with microinjection cannulae in the cardiostimulatory region of the DMH where injection of bicuculline methiodide (BMI) elicited increases in heart rate under anesthesia. After recovery, rats were injected with either saline or the GABAA agonist muscimol and their HR, BP and plasma NE responses were measured when confined in the open or the closed arm of the elevated plus-maze. Injection of muscimol into the DMH reduced the increases seen in HR, BP and plasma NE when the rats were confined to either the closed or the open arms in addition to decreasing 'anxiety' in the plus-maze. Injection of muscimol into the areas of the hypothalamus surrounding the DMH did not significantly affect the changes in HR, BP and plasma NE in the plus-maze. Blocking the changes in HR and BP elicited by microinjecting GABAergic drugs into the DMH of rats, with systemic injections of a combination of atropine and the beta-blocker atenolol, did not block the behavioral effects of the GABAergic drugs in the plus-maze test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, IPR Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shekhar
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bowsher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D001286:Atropine Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007033:Hypothalamus, Middle / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009118:Muscimol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001286:Atropine Derivatives; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D009118:Muscimol; C017069:bicuculline methiodide; D001262:Atenolol; C006649:methylatropine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D001640:Bicuculline