title: Discriminant value of symptoms in patients with dyspepsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Family physicians encounter many pitfalls in managing and treating dyspeptic patients, most of whom are treated in family practice based solely on their signs and symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computer literature search followed by a systematic methodological appraisal was performed to identify studies that evaluated clinical symptomatology in dyspeptic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten studies, none of which took place in a family practice, fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The main conclusion drawn from outpatient populations and patients referred for open-access endoscopy was that certain clusters of symptoms have a negative predictive value for organic causes of dyspepsia. Higher age, male sex, pain at night, relief by antacids or food, and previous history of peptic ulcer disease were identified as predictors of organic causes for abdominal symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings can be helpful to family physicians in determining the need for endoscopy referral. However, since the diagnostic values of tests in family practice may differ from those in referred populations, there is a need for prospective studies in primary care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Muris
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Starmans
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pop
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Crebolder
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knottnerus
mesh_terms: D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005194:Family Practice; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests