title: Pretreatment with the adenosine A1 selective agonist, 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), causes a sustained limitation of infarct size in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The highly selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist, 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyl-adenosine (CCPA), has been shown to be as cardioprotective as ischaemic preconditioning when evaluated with an early staining method using tetrazolium. However, tetrazolium-positive tissue measured 3 h after reperfusion may still overestimate the long term salvage. To test for this possible artefact, a 72 h reperfusion rabbit model of myocardial infarction was used, and infarct size was assessed by histology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocardial infarction was induced by a 30 min coronary occlusion. Rabbits were assigned to a control group receiving no treatment, pretreatment with 0.125 mg.kg-1 CCPA, or 0.25 mg.kg-1 pretreatment with CCPA (0.25 mg.kg-1) followed by an A1 selective antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) 30 min after reperfusion to reverse the haemodynamic side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 0.125 mg.kg-1 CCPA group, 30.8(SEM 4.2)% of the ischaemic zone was infarcted, which was significantly less than that seen in the control group [46.5(3.0)%; p < 0.01]. Reversing the side effects of CCPA by giving DPCPX soon after reperfusion did not block the protective effects [26.2(1.9)% infarction; p < 0.01 v control].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding confirms a genuine anti-infarct effect of adenosine A1 receptor stimulation when given prior to the onset of ischaemia. Furthermore blocking the A1 receptors soon after reperfusion reverses the side effects but does not block protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wilborn
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Downey
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; C058394:2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine; D000241:Adenosine