title: Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal ceftazidime in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime have been investigated in eight patients with chronic renal failure undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Each subject was given ceftazidime 1 g intravenously and 1 g intraperitoneally at an interval of 1 week. Ceftazidime was assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. After intravenous administration, the pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftazidime were: elimination plasma half-life (t1/2 beta) = 24.6 +/- 4.6 hours; apparent volume of distribution (V(area)): 0.37 +/- 0.09 1/kg, total plasma clearance (CL): 11.9 +/- 3.3 mL/minute, peritoneal clearance (CLp): 1.7 +/- 0.3 mL/minute. Over 72 hours, only 15.6 +/- 4.7% of the dose was eliminated by the peritoneal route. After intraperitoneal administration, ceftazidime appeared in the plasma rapidly, and the peak plasma concentration of 24.5 +/- 5.2 mg/L was achieved at the fourth hour; the elimination half-life (t1/2ke) was 20.8 +/- 1.7 hours. The absorption of ceftazidime from the peritoneal space was 74.1 +/- 7.4%. These data suggest that ceftazidime has bidirectional exchange characteristics through the peritoneal membrane. A single 1-g intraperitoneal dose led to serum and dialysate concentrations of ceftazidime above the minimum concentrations for susceptible pathogen germs for 24 hours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, CHRU Pellegrin, Université de Bordeaux II, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Demotes-Mainard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vinçon
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ragnaud
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morlat
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bannwarth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dangoumau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory
chemical_list: D002442:Ceftazidime