title: Lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production and mortality in mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has been shown to be an important mediator of the lethal effects of endotoxin in several experimental models of septic shock. However, studies with a recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist protein (IL-1ra) suggest a role for IL-1 as a mediator of septic shock as well. In the present study, we show that mice treated in vivo with Corynebacterium parvum are primed for the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and exhibit an enhanced capacity to produce serum IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 when challenged intravenously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The majority of C. parvum-treated mice die within 24 h of an LPS challenge. Pretreatment with a rat antimouse TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody (mAb) protected 90% of the animals against the lethal endotoxin challenge, while an anti-IFN-gamma mAb gave approximately 75% protection. The anti-IFN-gamma mAb also caused a reduction in LPS-induced serum TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha. Anti-IL-1 alpha, anti-IL-1 beta, and anti-IL-6 neutralizing mAb did not protect against lethality when administered to mice prior to the LPS challenge. These results indicate that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma are major mediators of endotoxin shock in C. parvum-treated mice. The results further suggest that the IFN-gamma produced by C. parvum-primed mice in response to an LPS challenge serves as a stimulus for enhanced production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha. These findings are consistent with an increasing body of evidence suggesting a major role for IFN-gamma in lethal endotoxemia.
authors.affiliation: Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-0539.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calzetta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bankowski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kenworthy-Bott
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terminelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001623:Betamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001623:Betamethasone