title: Heterogeneity of angiotensin synthetic pathways and receptor subtypes: physiological and pharmacological implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the nature of multiple putative enzymatic pathways, review the evidence of angiotensin receptor heterogeneity and speculate on the implications for physiology and pharmacology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review and discussion of current research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New information on the renin-angiotensin system suggests that the pathways of angiotensin production are complex and that multiple receptor subtypes mediate angiotensin actions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences in structure and tissue distribution of different subtypes of angiotensin receptor may explain differences in receptor regulation in various tissues. The type 2 receptor may be primarily an embryonic receptor involved with cell differentiation and growth and may be induced in disease states. The existence of angiotensin receptor subtypes provides an opportunity for the development of receptor-specific antagonists.
authors.affiliation: Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, American Heart Association Bugher Foundation Center for Molecular Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5246.
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Dzau
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasamura
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hein
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000804:Angiotensin II