title: Clinical study of lymphatic flow to the paraaortic lymph nodes in carcinoma of the head of the pancreas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  At Kanazawa University, the authors have been developing an appropriate radical operation for the treatment of cancer of the head of the pancreas. As a result of previous research, it was believed that lymphatic metastasis of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas should be investigated more thoroughly to improve the surgical results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two cases of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas were investigated to determine the distribution of lymphatic metastases. From among these cases, the authors injected activated carbon particles in 10 patients with pancreatic cancer and 111In colloid in seven patients with pancreatoduodenal cancer to investigate the lymphatic spread from the head of the pancreas to the paraaortic lymph nodes (area 16).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main lymphatic route from the head of the pancrease to lymphatic area 16 was found to pass through the nodes in the posterior part of the head of the pancrease (area 13) and around the superior mesenteric artery (area 14). Lymphatic metastases in area 16 were seen mainly in the lower segment of the middle region from the celiac artery to the inferior mesenteric artery (subarea 16b2). The carbon and 111In colloid flowed mostly to the same area 16 lymph nodes and toward the dorsal side of the renal artery rather than spreading superficially along the abdominal aorta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that area 16 lymph node dissection should be extended toward the dorsal side of the renal artery rather than be performed widely along the abdominal aorta to make the radical operation for pancreatic cancer more extensive.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Kanazawa University, School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagakawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kayahara
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003102:Colloids; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000473:pathology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D003102:Colloids; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes