title: The effect of recombinant cytokines on bladder cancer cells in vitro.
abstract: We have studied the Major Histocompatibility Class II-modulating and antiproliferative actions of recombinant interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-2 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor on bladder cancer cells in vitro. Indirect immunofluorescent staining employing monoclonal antibody probes in conjunction with flow cytometric analysis and tritiated thymidine incorporation assays were used. Interferon-gamma was a strong inducer and enhancer of class II antigens. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha could not induce the expression of class II antigens on tumor cells, which were initially class II-negative, but enhanced the expression on cells which already demonstrated low levels of the antigen. Interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor did not affect the major histocompatibility class II expression. Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha both demonstrated powerful anti-proliferative effects on the bladder cancer cells, particularly those derived from low grade tumors (G1 and G2). Interleukin-1 alpha had no effect on tumor cell proliferation. In contrast interleukin-2 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor had significant stimulatory effects on the proliferation of the low grade tumor cells (G1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery/Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hawkyard
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Chisholm
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D002455:Cell Division; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D016207:Cytokines; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor