title: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine in urine and feces.
abstract: A method has been developed to measure levels of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) excreted in urine and feces. The method involves organic solvent extraction, derivatization to form electron-capturing bis-pentafluorobenzyl derivatives, and analysis by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a deuterium-labeled internal standard. The method can detect PhIP at levels of less than 1 ng/g in rat urine (5 ng/24 hr) and 5 ng/g (wet weight) in rat feces (50 ng/24 hr). Sprague-Dawley rats given a single 50 micrograms dose of PhIP by gavage excreted an average of 0.6% of the dose in the urine and 25% of the dose in the feces as unchanged PhIP, in the first 4 days after treatment. To make this method applicable for the analyses of biological fluids of PhIP-exposed human subjects, it is now being improved by using immunoaffinity chromatography.
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Friesen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garren
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Béréziat
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kadlubar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D009153:Mutagens; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine