title: Effects of smoking and occupational exposures on pulmonary function impairment in Italian shipyard workers.
abstract: We examined the association of job title and duration of employment with the smoking-adjusted prevalences of chronic bronchitis, obstruction, restriction, and mixed pulmonary function impairment in 657 white male shipyard workers aged 20 to 60 years. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for risk of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary function impairment. Compared to employment for less than 20 years, employment for more than 20 years was independently associated with chronic bronchitis (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.5), restriction (OR = 2.6; CI: 1.4-4.6), and mixed impairment (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.5). Compared to metal-workers, which was the lowest exposure job category, four job categories were independently associated with restriction: gas welders (OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.5-8.9), arc welders (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.5-11.4), masons (OR = 6.2; 95% CI: 1.0-39.0), and insulators (OR = 8.0; 95% CI: 1.8-35.2). These results suggest that exposure to pulmonary toxic agents in the shipyard environment can lead to both parenchymal inflammation (restriction) and airways inflammation (obstruction).
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Epidemiologia Ambientale e Biostatistica, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST), Genova, Italia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gennaro
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Baser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robutti
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tockman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012767:Ships / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology