title: Differential activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 transcription by specific T-cell activation signals.
abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 enhancers are induced differentially by physiologic T-cell activation signals. In contrast to that of HIV-1, HIV-2 transcription was quite responsive to stimulation of T cells by antigen presentation but weakly induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Like tumor necrosis factor alpha, expression of cloned NF-kappa B subunits strongly activated the HIV-1, but not the HIV-2, enhancer. The differences in response to these physiologic T-cell activation pathways may contribute to the differences in persistence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0650.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hannibal
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Markovitz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Nabel
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D016385:TATA Box; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase