title: An NF-kappa B-like element plays an essential role in interleukin-1-mediated costimulation of the mouse interleukin-2 promoter.
abstract: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) costimulation is required for efficient IL-2 synthesis and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression of T cells. The molecular events leading to these effects are largely unknown. We utilized an IL-1-responsive and an IL-1-non-responsive subclone of the mouse thymoma cell line EL4 to investigate how IL-1 activates IL-2 gene expression. We correlated IL-2 promoter activity with the activity of the endogenous IL-2 gene, thereby showing the biological significance of our results. Our experiments provide new functional data showing that a major target of IL-1 mediated costimulation is the chi B-like site, T cell element distal TCEd (GGGATTTCAC), of the IL-2 promoter. Thus, deletion or mutation of TCEd within a complete IL-2 promoter abrogated IL-1 costimulation in the IL-1 responsive EL4 subclone. Therefore, the TCEd element is functionally essential for the effect of IL-1. We also identified a nuclear factor (NF), IL-1 NF, that binds to the TCEd site after IL-1 stimulation. This factor was only present in the IL-1-responsive EL4 subclone and not in the IL-1-non-responsive subclone after IL-1 stimulation and did not appear after phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-treatment. Binding of IL-1 NF to the TCEd site was competed by a typical chi B oligonucleotide, suggesting that it is similar to NF-chi B in its DNA-binding properties. However, the TCEd element was only activated by costimulation with PHA and IL-1 whereas a typical chi B element was already activated by IL-1 alone. These data suggest that the biological function of the TCEd element of the IL-2 promoter differs from that of a canonical chi B element. Our data provide new evidence that IL-1 acts on the IL-2 promoter by activating the TCEd element via the transcription factor IL-1 NF. Furthermore, activation of this element requires two signals, delivered by IL-1 and PHA, in this way reflecting the activation requirement for the endogenous IL-2 gene.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology and Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, FRG.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serfling
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Krammer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Falk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors