title: Evidence of immunocyte stimulatory molecule(s) in plasma of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a diffuse inflammatory response as well as cellular immunosuppression. To better characterize and localize this immune dysfunction, we examined the effect of CPB-exposed plasma on granulocytes and macrophages obtained from normal blood. Pre- and intra-CPB blood samples were obtained from seven patients admitted for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Plasma from the pre-CPB samples served as controls. Evaluation of the behavior of the granulocytes and macrophages was based on their ability to respond by way of chemokinesis or chemotaxis versus a stimulus (D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalin [DAME], interleukin[IL]-1 alpha). Non-CPB exposed granulocytes and macrophages were found to be capable of chemotaxis when stimulated by DAME and by IL-1 alpha. Subjected to CPB, these cells were significantly more activated than controls (p < 0.005). They behaved in a chemokinetic fashion when incubated with cell-free CPB plasma and did not respond to either DAME or IL-1 alpha in a chemotaxic situation when compared with controls (p < 0.005). Plasma subjected to CPB as stimulus provoked a chemotaxic response in non-CPB exposed cells. Taken together, these results indicate that at least one type of potent signal molecule was present, and possibly generated, in plasma subjected to CPB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-8191.
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Bilfinger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stefano
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D010949:Plasma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine; C022118:enkephalinamide-Met, Ala(2)-