title: Amphotericin B overdose in pediatric patients with associated cardiac arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the first five cases of amphotericin B overdose with secondary cardiac complications in a pediatric population. Treatment is also presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two infants and three children inpatients receiving amphotericin B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac complications were observed in five pediatric patients who received between 4.6 and 40.8 mg/kg/d of amphotericin B. Cardiac arrest occurred in all patients, and four patients died. A detailed description of the cardiac event is provided for one patient who was on a cardiac monitor during the adverse reaction. Hydrocortisone prophylaxis and verapamil therapy were the primary therapies used in patient 1 (the only survivor). Evaluation of the literature provides substantial evidence for the use of hydrocortisone in prevention of cardiac arrhythmias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amphotericin B overdose can be fatal in children and infants. The presentation in humans appears similar to that in dogs where cardiac arrhythmias occurred at doses of 5-15 mg/kg. Hydrocortisone may decrease the incidence of mortality associated with cardiac arrhythmias in children receiving amphotericin B overdoses. Animal studies are necessary to evaluate this observation and potential disadvantages of hydrocortisone usage.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Jackson 39216.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Lasala
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Piazza-Hepp
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011292:Premedication; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000666:Amphotericin B; D014700:Verapamil; D006854:Hydrocortisone