title: Drug analysis in fly larvae.
abstract: We reared larvae of Calliphora vicina on human skeletal muscle obtained from cases of suicidal overdose with co-proxamol (propoxyphene and acetaminophen) and amitriptyline. After 4 days, third-instar larvae were either transferred to drug-free muscle or continued to feed on drug-laden muscle for a further 2 days prior to harvesting. Amitriptyline and nortriptyline were detected in both groups of larvae, but propoxyphene was only in those fed continuously on drug-laden muscle, and acetaminophen was in neither. Drug concentrations in muscle food source were amitriptyline 0.48 microgram/g, nortriptyline 0.38 microgram/g, propoxyphene 0.99 microgram/g, and acetaminophen 14.13 micrograms/g. For triplicate rearings, the mean ratios of drug concentrations in larvae to food source were amitriptyline, 0.56; nortriptyline, 0.5; and propoxyphene, 0.06. In triplicate rearings, no drug or metabolite was detected in puparia, puparial cases, or imagos. We conclude that the absence of a drug in maggots is not necessarily an indication that the drug was not present in significant concentrations in the food source. The malpighian tubules and the "nephrocytes" of fly larvae appear capable of eliminating different drugs with varying efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pounder
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D000818:Animals; D011431:Dextropropoxyphene / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D004175:Diptera / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D004338:Drug Combinations; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007814:Larva / Q000737:chemistry; D009132:Muscles; D011679:Pupa / Q000737:chemistry; D013405:Suicide
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D000639:Amitriptyline; D000082:Acetaminophen; C011800:acetaminophen, dextropropoxyphene, drug combination; D011431:Dextropropoxyphene