title: Radiological spectrum of endemic fluorosis: relationship with calcium intake.
abstract: Skeletal fluorosis continues to be endemic in many parts of India. Osteosclerosis and interosseous membrane calcification have long been regarded as hallmarks of this disease. Our study showed in addition a wide variety of radiological patterns: coarse trabecular pattern, axial osteosclerosis with distal osteopenia and diffuse osteopenia. Subjects with osteopenic changes had a significantly lower dietary intake of calcium than those groups having normal radiological findings, predominant osteosclerosis or coarse trabecular pattern (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively). This suggests the role of calcium intake in determining the skeletal changes in endemic fluorosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mithal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005461:Fluorine / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010026:Osteosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D005461:Fluorine