title: Plasma and aqueous humour concentrations and systemic effects of topical betaxolol and timolol in man.
abstract: Plasma and aqueous humour concentrations and systemic effects of timolol and betaxolol were studied after ocular administration in 45 patients scheduled for extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. The patients were divided randomly into three groups and received 40 microliters of either 0.5% betaxolol, 0.25% timolol or placebo into the lower cul-de-sacs of both eyes. Blood samples were collected over a period of 4 h and blood pressure and heart rate were monitored during the study. Aqueous humour samples were aspirated at the beginning of the operation. Plasma and aqueous humour concentrations of timolol and betaxolol were analyzed using a sensitive radioreceptor assay. The mean plasma concentrations of betaxolol were lower than those of timolol. The concentration of betaxolol in the aqueous humour was twice as high as the concentration of timolol. Both drugs produced a significant decrease in heart rate. In the timolol group a decrease in heart rate was found 15 min after drug administration, and in the betaxolol group after one hour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vuori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ali-Melkkilä
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaila
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iisalo
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Saari
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015784:Betaxolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010949:Plasma; D013999:Timolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013999:Timolol; D015784:Betaxolol