title: Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-1 beta mRNA in rat brain following transient forebrain ischemia.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression were studied in rat brains after 30 min of global ischemia by in situ hybridization. Ischemia was produced by four-vessel occlusion followed by different recirculation times ranging between 15 min and 7 days. TGF-beta 1 mRNA could first be detected 3 days after ischemia in the hippocampus, in layers II/III of cortex, in the striatum and in parts of the ventral thalamus. At 7 days after recirculation a prominent increase in TGF-beta 1 mRNA was observed in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus. Induction of interleukin-1 beta mRNA, however, was less marked and limited to the rostral striatum 3 and 7 days after ischemia. TGF-beta 1 expression 7 days after ischemia correlated well with the histological localization of regions where neuronal degeneration and subsequent astrocytic and microglial activation had occurred. In adjacent brain sections, the distribution of TGF-beta 1 mRNA after 7 days closely resembled that of the immunostaining pattern of activated microglia, indicating that at this time point TGF-beta 1 mRNA was mainly produced by microglial cells. The late induction of TGF-beta 1 mRNA after ischemia points to an involvement in the persistent glial response rather than the initial glial activation. The differential pattern of interleukin-1 beta mRNA induction indicates regional variations of cytokine production after ischemic brain lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiessner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gehrmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Töpper
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kreutzberg
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hossmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D016923:Cell Death; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta