title: Tonic activity in inspiratory muscles during continuous negative airway pressure.
abstract: We studied tonic inspiratory activity (TIA) induced by continuous negative airway pressure (CNAP) in anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats. TIA in the diaphragm and parasternal intercostal muscles (ICM) was quantified in response to tracheal pressure (PTR) = -0.3 to -1.2 kPa. To differentiate between reflexes from rapidly adapting receptors (RARs), slowly adapting receptors (SARs) and C-fiber endings different temperatures of the vagus nerves (TVG) were used between 4 and 37 degrees C. At PTR = -1.2 kPa mean TIA values were 41% and 62% of peak inspiratory EMG activity of control breaths for the diaphragm and ICM, respectively. After vagotomy and for TVG < 6 degrees C CNAP did not induce TIA anymore. Changes in inspiratory and expiratory time during vagal cooling down to 4 degrees C confirmed the selective block of conductance in vagal afferents of the three types of lung receptors. We conclude that CNAP-induced TIA results from stimulation of RARs. Our data strongly indicate that stimulation of SARs suppresses TIA, whereas C-fiber endings are not involved in TIA at all. The results suggest that part of the hyperinflation in bronchial asthma may be caused by TIA in response to mechanical stimulation of RARs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Maastricht, University of Limburg, Netherlands.
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Meessen
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: van der Grinten
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Folgering
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Luijendijk
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance; D000818:Animals; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002415:Cats; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000502:physiology*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005260:Female; D007320:Inspiratory Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D007366:Intercostal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011661:Pulmonary Stretch Receptors / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D014132:Trachea / Q000502:physiology; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002211:Capsaicin