Retinoic acid signal transduction pathways.
Complexity in the retinoid signaling system arises from a combination of several forms of retinoic acid which possess differential activities, multiple cytoplasmic binding proteins and nuclear receptors that have distinct ligand specificities and functional properties, and the existence of polymorphic retinoic acid response elements. Additional diversity appears to be generated by heterodimeric interactions between the two classes of nuclear retinoic acid receptors and between retinoic acid receptors and some other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Thus, a complex array of combinatorial effects is beginning to emerge that may account for the pleiotropic effects of retinoids.
Leid
M
M
Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS U/184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie Génétique de I'INSERM, Institut de Chimie Biologique-Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France.
Kastner
P
P
Durand
B
B
Krust
A
A
Leroy
P
P
Lyons
R
R
Mendelsohn
C
C
Nagpal
S
S
Nakshatri
H
H
Reibel
C
C
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*
D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin; D004247:DNA