title: Contrasting effects of interleukin-4 on colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 synthesis by vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: Endothelial cells (EC) may regulate both local and systemic aspects of inflammation through the synthesis of cytokines such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). EC are known to synthesize these cytokines in response to interleukin-1 (IL-1 alpha), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this paper, we illustrate the effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in reducing the synthesis of GM-CSF by EC stimulated with IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, or LPS. This is compared with the previously reported strong synergy between IL-4 and IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, or LPS in the synthesis of IL-6 by EC. No clear effect of IL-4 was seen in the synthesis of G-CSF or M-CSF. The range of concentrations of IL-4 at which these effects were seen was identical for both reduced GM-CSF synthesis and increased IL-6 synthesis. The effect of IL-4 on IL-6 synthesis was seen by 4 h of treatment, while that on GM-CSF was apparent between 4 and 8 h. It is suggested that these contrasting effects of IL-4 may reflect a biological role for this cytokine in the regulation of leukocytosis and the acute phase response.
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zoellner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cebon
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000187:drug effects; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor