title: Rapid characterization of HIV-1 sequence diversity using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct automated DNA sequencing of PCR products.
abstract: A direct method for visualization and isolation of sequence variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizing denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) combined with automated direct DNA sequencing was developed. Two fragments from the env gene and one from the nef gene of HIV-1, which together constitute approximately 1.0 kb of sequence, were amplified by PCR and analyzed. HIV-1 variants from each region were resolved and excised from the gel; this was followed by direct sequencing of different viral variants. In 9 infected patients, a limited number of dominant sequence variants could be seen in the three regions, together with a faint background of minor variants. The use of DGGE makes it possible to obtain a direct estimate of overall HIV-1 sequence diversity within patient samples without an intermediate DNA cloning step.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gibbs
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral