title: Prevalence of nephrotoxicosis associated with a four-hour saline solution diuresis protocol for the administration of cisplatin to dogs with naturally developing neoplasms.
abstract: We evaluated the development of nephrotoxicosis in 64 dogs with malignant neoplasia given cisplatin during 4-hour saline solution diuresis. Cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface area, IV, q 21 d) was given to 8 dogs once, 22 dogs twice, 9 dogs 3 times, and 25 dogs 4 times. For each treatment, cisplatin was given over a 20-minute period after saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered IV for 3 hours at a rate of 25 ml/kg/h. After cisplatin infusion, saline solution diuresis was continued at the same rate for 1 hour. Before each treatment with cisplatin, the dogs were evaluated by conducting a physical examination, CBC; and analysis of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, and in most cases, serum phosphorus concentration and urine specific gravity were determined. Exogenous creatinine clearance also was evaluated in 8 dogs prior to 1 (n = 8), 2 (n = 8), 3 (n = 6), and 4 (n = 4) treatments. Five (7.8%) of 64 dogs developed clinically evident renal disease after two (n = 3) and three (n = 2) doses of cisplatin. Two of the 5 dogs had preexisting diseases of the urinary tract prior to the start of treatment. Survival time in dogs that developed renal disease (median, 114 days; range, 26 to 273 days) was similar to that of all dogs in this study (median, 145 days; range, 5 to 586 days), with 30 dogs still alive at the conclusion of the study. Three of the 5 dogs that developed renal disease were alive at the conclusion of the study, 1 died of tumor-related causes, and another died as a direct result of nephrotoxicosis. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in median neutrophil counts and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in median creatinine concentrations prior to the third and fourth treatments, compared with pretreatment values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Straw
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Jameson
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lafferty
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Henkel
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Withrow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004231:Diuresis; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D003404:Creatinine; D002945:Cisplatin