title: Delayed lactogenesis in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Breast milk lactose, total nitrogen, conductivity, osmolality, and intake by infants of 33 women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 33 control women without diabetes, and 11 reference women were determined in a 3-mo study of lactation. Milk of women with IDDM had significantly lower lactose and higher total nitrogen (2-3 d postpartum), and their infants had significantly less milk intake (7-14 d postpartum) than did control or reference women. Total nitrogen was negatively correlated with milk lactose for women with IDDM at all times and for control women through day 14 postpartum. The data indicate delayed lactogenesis for women with IDDM, which was more likely to occur with poor metabolic control. Differences in milk composition of women with IDDM do not preclude them from breast-feeding their infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-4017.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lammi-Keefe
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bendel
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007774:Lactation; D007785:Lactose / Q000032:analysis; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009994:Osmolar Concentration
chemical_list: D007785:Lactose; D009584:Nitrogen