Novel triplet repeat containing genes in human brain: cloning, expression, and length polymorphisms.
Human genes containing triplet repeats may markedly expand in length and cause neuropsychiatric disease, explaining the phenomenon of anticipation (increasing severity or earlier age of onset in successive generations in a pedigree). To identify novel genes with triplet repeats, we screened a human brain cDNA library with oligonucleotide probes containing CTG or CCG triplet repeats. Fourteen of 40 clones encoded novel human genes, and 8 of these inserts have been sequenced on both strands. All contain repeats, and 5 of the 8 have 9 or more consecutive perfect repeats. All are expressed in brain. Chromosomal assignments reveal a distribution of these genes on multiple autosomes and the X-chromosome. Further, the repeat length in two of the genes is highly polymorphic, making them valuable index linkage markers. We predict that many triplet repeat-containing genes exist; screening with the CTG probe suggests approximately 50-100 genes containing this type of repeat are expressed in the human brain. Since additional disorders, such as Huntington's disease, bipolar affective disorder, and possibly others, show features of anticipation, we suggest that these novel human genes with triplet repeats are candidates for causing neuropsychiatric diseases.
Li
S H
SH
Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2196.
McInnis
M G
MG
Margolis
R L
RL
Antonarakis
S E
SE
Ross
C A
CA
D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010375:Pedigree; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
D004247:DNA