title: Isolation of a Streptococcus pyogenes gene locus that directs hyaluronan biosynthesis in acapsular mutants and in heterologous bacteria.
abstract: A contiguous 3-kilobase pair region of DNA was isolated from Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) that can direct hyaluronic acid (HA) capsule biosynthesis in acapsular mutants as well as heterologous bacteria. The DNA was identified by transposon 916 insertional mutagenesis and subcloned into a plasmid shuttle vector. Mutant acapsular GAS or Enterococcus faecalis containing this plasmid, but not vector alone, displayed a mucoid phenotype on agar plates, possessed a capsule as seen by light microscopy, and produced HA in quantities comparable with wild-type GAS. The polysaccharide was shown to be authentic HA based on its recognition by a specific proteoglycan and its degradation by Streptomyces hyaluronate lyase. Escherichia coli with the complementing plasmid also produced HA but at only 10% of the level made by the above cells. E. coli minicell analysis showed that two proteins, 42 and 45 kDa, are expressed by the functional DNA insert. Deletion analysis of the insert in the minicells revealed that the 42-kDa protein is essential for HA production. This is the first demonstration of reconstitution of HA capsule biosynthesis in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0647.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Papaconstantinou
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Weigel
mesh_terms: D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009154:Mutation; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid