title: Evaluation of proteinuria in an area of Brazil endemic for schistosomiasis using a single urine sample.
abstract: A two-step protocol was designed to evaluate the frequency of proteinuria related to Schistosoma mansoni infection in an endemic area, as measured by the protein/creatinine ratio (P/C R). A pre-test on 32 in-patients with renal disease and 20 healthy individuals showed a high correlation (r = 0.948) between the classical measurement of protein excretion per square metre of body surface during 24 h and the P/C R. The P/C R was then used to evaluate the frequency of proteinuria in 189 individuals in an endemic area in the northeast of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, with a schistosomiasis prevalence of 49.3% and 3.4% with the hepatosplenic form. The low prevalence of proteinuria (1.06%) in the studied population can be attributed to the accuracy of the method used and to the low prevalence of the hepato-splenic form of schistosomiasis. The P/C R is a reliable and appropriate method for the measurement of proteinuria in field studies.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rabello
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lambertucci
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001830:Body Surface Area; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine