title: Sera from women with unexplained infertility inhibit both mouse and human embryo growth in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of sera from women with reproductive disorders on the in vitro growth of mouse and human embryos up to the blastocyst stage and to determine the influence on human pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The growth of mouse embryos and in vitro fertilized human embryos up to the blastocyst stage was compared in sera from women with unexplained infertility, and these results were correlated with pregnancy outcome. Also the growth of mouse embryos in sera from women with a history of recurrent abortions was correlated with their pregnancy outcome. PATIENTS, SETTING: Women with unexplained infertility were attending the IVF Unit at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. Women with a history of recurrent abortions were attending the high risk pregnancy unit at the same hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human embryo growth was monitored by daily morphological assessment and mouse embryo growth by both morphological assessment and tritiated thymidine uptake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 15 women with unexplained infertility, poor mouse embryo development correlated with poor human embryo quality and impaired blastocyst formation when cultured in the same serum, as well as failure to achieve a pregnancy. In 11 women with a history of recurrent abortion, inhibition of mouse embryo growth correlated with unsuccessful pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of both morphological development and cell proliferation in mouse embryos may be a useful test to determine the suitability of maternal sera for human IVF embryo culture, predicting pregnancy outcome and for categorizing women with reproductive disorders for future clinical management.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dokras
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Sargent
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Barlow
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors