Risk of repeated spontaneous luteinizing hormone surges in ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization.
Although spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surges are preventable with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) inclusion in ovarian stimulation protocols, GnRH-a-containing protocols are more expensive and associated with an increased risk of ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome. The present study assessed whether spontaneous LH surges occur in predictable patterns, allowing GnRH-a to be utilized selectively. We assessed 1,103 patients receiving clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotropin (CC/hMG) without GnRH-a for their first in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle and observed spontaneous LH surges in 30.4%. When patients who demonstrated a spontaneous LH surge received a second CC/hMG stimulation protocol, 45.9% surged again. Of those patients who did not demonstrate a spontaneous LH surge in their initial CC/hMG cycle, only 23.0%, significantly less (P < .001), surged in their second cycle. Of those patients who did not surge in their first two cycles, only 15.7% had an LH surge in their third cycle (P < .001). Thus, if all patients received CC/hMG without GnRH-a as their first IVF stimulation protocol, GnRH-a could be reserved for patients who have demonstrated a spontaneous LH surge. By tailoring the treatment plan, the pregnancy rate would be optimized while decreasing cycle cancellations due to spontaneous LH surges in those patients susceptible to LH surges and limiting costs and inconvenience for patients unlikely to surge spontaneously.
Nisker
J A
JA
Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Bloch
C L
CL
Tummon
I S
IS
Daniel
S A
SA
Yuzpe
A A
AA
D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D016729:Leuprolide