title: Rare mutations of the Gs alpha subunit gene in human endocrine tumors. Mutation detection by polymerase chain reaction-primer-introduced restriction analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Gs alpha (Gs alpha) gene can be activated to the putative oncogene gsp by specific point mutations at codons 201 or 227. Such mutations have been reported in growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas and thyroid tumors. To clarify the role of Gs alpha gene in human endocrine tumors, 197 tumors were screened for point mutations at codons 201 or 227 of the Gs alpha gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mutations were detected by primer-introduced restriction analysis (PIRA) of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product of genomic DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These Gs alpha mutations were present in 4 of 53 pituitary adenomas (4 of 43 GH-secreting adenomas; 1 of these 4 was a GH- and prolactin-secreting adenoma from a patient with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 1), 4 of 66 thyroid tumors (4 of 30 papillary carcinomas), and 1 of 19 adrenocortical adenomas (1 of 6 aldosterone-secreting adenomas). In contrast, none of these Gs alpha mutations were detected in parathyroid tumors, endocrine pancreatic tumors, or pheochromocytomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gs alpha mutations at these two loci may play a role in the pathogenesis of a small population of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, papillary thyroid carcinomas, and adrenocortical adenomas, but that they are not involved in the pathogenesis of other types of endocrine tumors.
authors.affiliation: Otsuka Department of Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwahana
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itakura
mesh_terms: D000172:Acromegaly / Q000097:blood; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins