title: Cell proliferation and differentiation in chemical leukemogenesis.
abstract: In tissues such as bone marrow with normally high rates of cell division, proliferation is tightly coordinated with cell differentiation. Survival, proliferation and differentiation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells depend on the growth factors, interleukin 3 (IL-3) and/or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and their synergism with other cytokines. We provide evidence that a characteristic shared by a diverse group of compounds with demonstrated leukemogenic potential is the ability to act synergistically with GM-CSF. This results in an increase in recruitment of a resting population of hematopoietic progenitor cells normally unresponsive to the cytokine and a twofold increase in the size of the proliferating cell population normally regarded to be at risk of transformation in leukemogenesis. These findings support the possibility that transient alterations in hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation may be an important factor in the early stages of development of leukemia secondary to chemical or drug exposure.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Irons
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Stillman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor