title: Relation between collateral channel filling and flow grade in recipient coronary arteries in patients with stable effort angina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relation between the extent of perfusion of the ischemia-related coronary artery and the degree of visualization of the collateral circulation to the ischemic area.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Because it is difficult to accurately assess coronary stenosis severity with standard angiographic techniques, the inclusion of flow grade in recipient coronary arteries would provide an additional perspective concerning the effect of the progression of atherosclerotic obstructive disease on the development of collateral circulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The coronary arteriograms of 54 consecutive patients with chronic effort angina without prior myocardial infarction were examined. Patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of perfusion of the ischemia-related coronary artery (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] grade 0 to 3). The degree of angiographically demonstrable collateral circulation was also classified into four grades (collateral index 0 to 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients had TIMI grade 0, 6 had grade 1, 13 had grade 2 and 17 had grade 3 perfusion. The collateral indexes of TIMI 0, 1, 2 and 3 groups were 2.7 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SEM), 2.2 +/- 0.6, 1.2 +/- 1.1 and 0.4 +/- 0.9, respectively (p < 0.01 vs. TIMI 0, p < 0.05 vs. TIMI 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that all patients with chronic effort angina have the potential for collateral development as a result of coronary artery narrowing, and the functional state of well developed collateral vessels may be primarily determined by the pressure gradient across the collateral network.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miwa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged