title: Use of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs for AIDS by homosexual and bisexual men in three US cities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the use of AIDS drugs and therapies by populations with relatively good access to health care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study, with interview and examination twice a year since 1988.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two public-health departments (San Francisco Department of Health and Denver Disease Control Service) and a private clinic (Howard Brown Memorial Clinic, Chicago).
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-seropositive homosexual and bisexual men in San Francisco (311 men), Denver (120 men) and Chicago (59 men).
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV counseling and testing at each visit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time and duration of use of drugs used for AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) treatment and prophylaxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Zidovudine and pentamidine use increased from 1987 through 1989 in all three cities. In San Francisco in 1987, only 17 out of 110 (15%) HIV-seropositive men without AIDS reported taking zidovudine. By 1990, over 90% of AIDS patients and approximately 80% of HIV-seropositive men with low CD4+ cell counts (< 200 x 10(6)/l) had taken zidovudine; most men who by 1990 had never taken zidovudine (82%) or PCP prophylaxis (95%) had not been recommended these therapies because they did not have symptoms and their absolute CD4+ cell counts were > 200 x 10(6)/l. However, overall in the three cities, only 68% of the AIDS patients and 63% of the men with low CD4+ cell counts had taken zidovudine for more than 6 months by 1990. Most men who had stopped taking zidovudine (67%) did so because of toxicity; however, 64% of respondents gave reasons other than drug toxicity as a or the sole reason why they discontinued zidovudine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AIDS therapeutic and prophylactic drugs were increasingly (and appropriately) recommended to and accepted by these cohorts after 1987, but had limited consistent use because of toxicity, adverse side-effects, and several other less readily appreciated reasons. These data do not indicate that zidovudine use in San Francisco would mainly account for the observed slowing in the rate of increase of AIDS cases in homosexual and bisexual men in this city after 1987.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Conley
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Buchbinder
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Judson
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Penley
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hershow
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001727:Bisexuality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015215:Zidovudine; D010419:Pentamidine