Dietary determinants of long-term incidence of chronic nonspecific lung diseases. The Zutphen Study.
The association between diet and the 25-year incidence of chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CNSLD) was studied in 793 middle-aged men in the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands, in 1960-1985. During follow-up, 232 new cases of CNSLD were identified. The incidence rate was 14.1 per 1,000 person-years. Habitual food intake was assessed by the cross-check dietary history method. The intake of linoleic acid was positively associated with the incidence of CNSLD. The relative risk was 1.55 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.11-2.16), comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of intake of linoleic acid, independent of potential cofounders (age, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and energy intake). Alcohol consumers showed a significantly lower risk than did non-consumers (relative risk (RR) = 0.72, 95% Cl 0.55-0.95) after adjustment for confounders. In addition, fruit intake was inversely related to incidence of CNSLD (RR = 0.73, 95% Cl 0.53-0.99). No association was observed with intake of several antioxidants. These results suggest that in addition to well-established determinants, such as cigarette smoking and occupational exposure, dietary factors may play a role in the onset of chronic nonspecific lung diseases.
Miedema
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I
Department of Chronic Diseases and Environmental Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Feskens
E J
EJ
Heederik
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D
Kromhout
D
D
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated