title: Response of general practitioners to computer-generated critiques of hypertension therapy.
abstract: We recently have shown that a computer system, known as HyperCritic, can successfully audit general practitioners' treatment of hypertension by analyzing computer-based patient records. HyperCritic reviews the electronic medical records and offers unsolicited advice. To determine which unsolicited advice might be perceived as inappropriate, builders of programs such as HyperCritic need insight into providers' responses to computer-generated critique of their patient care. Twenty medical charts, describing in total 243 visits of patients with hypertension, were audited by 8 human reviewers and by the critiquing-system HyperCritic. A panel of 14 general practitioners subsequently judged the relevance of those critiques on a five-point scale ranging from relevant critique to erroneous or harmful critique. The panel judged reviewers' comments to be either relevant or somewhat relevant in 61 to 68% of cases, and either erroneous or possibly erroneous in 15 to 18%; the panel judged HyperCritic's comments to be either relevant or somewhat relevant in 65% of cases, and either erroneous or possibly erroneous in 16%. Comparison of individual members of the panel showed large differences; for example, the portion of HyperCritic's comments judged relevant ranged from 0 to 82%. We conclude that, from the perspective of general practitioners, critiques generated by the critiquing system HyperCritic are perceived equally beneficial as critiques generated by human reviewers. Different general practitioners, however, judge the critiques differently. Before auditing systems based on computer-based patient records that are acceptable to practitioners can be introduced, additional studies are needed to evaluate the reasons a physician may have for judging critiques to be irrelevant, and to evaluate the effect of critiques on physician behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Lei
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Does
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Man in 't Veld
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Musen
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Bemmel
mesh_terms: D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005103:Expert Systems; D005194:Family Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008485:Medical Audit; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care