title: Relation between left ventricular oxygen consumption and pressure-volume area in conscious dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relation between left ventricular (LV) oxygen consumption (MVO2) and pressure-volume area (PVA) developed in isolated hearts provides a powerful method to understand cardiac energetics. We investigated application of this relation to the intact circulation, determining its response to steady-state and transient load alterations and enhanced contractility in conscious animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight dogs were instrumented to measure LV pressure (micromanometer), LV volume (three sonomicrometers), and left circumflex and anterior descending coronary artery flows (ultrasonic flowmeter). Data were acquired after recovery from the surgery with the animals awake and unsedated. After administration of hexamethonium and atropine, steady-state loading conditions were changed with phenylephrine or nitroprusside in four to five steps before and during the infusion of dobutamine (6 to 10 micrograms.-1kg.-1min). MVO2 and PVA obtained under steady-state conditions were linearly correlated both before and during dobutamine. The MVO2-PVA relation obtained on a beat-to-beat basis during transient caval occlusion was less linear and not coincident with the steady-state relation. Dobutamine shifted the steady-state MVO2-PVA relation upward in all hearts, increasing the MVO2 axis intercept of the MVO2-PVA relation (P < .01). This intercept correlated with ventricular contractility assessed by the slope (Ees) of the LV end-systolic pressure-volume relation determined by caval occlusion (r = .76, P < .05). The slope of the MVO2-PVA relation increased with dobutamine in seven of eight animals, with the inverse of the slope (representing contractile efficiency) being 31 +/- 6% during control and 24 +/- 6% after dobutamine (P = .06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MVO2 and PVA are linearly related during steady-state alterations in loading conditions in conscious dogs but not on a beat-by-beat basis during transient caval occlusion. Increase in contractility by dobutamine produces an upward shift of the MVO2-PVA relation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1045.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D006706:Homeostasis; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013599:Systole; D014684:Venae Cavae; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D004280:Dobutamine