title: Urolithiasis in children following augmentation cystoplasty.
abstract: Until recently urolithiasis in children following augmentation cystoplasty was an infrequently noted problem. We examined our 10-year experience and found urinary calculi to form in 52% of children and young adults undergoing augmentation cystoplasty. Calculi formed at a median interval of 24.5 months after surgery, predominantly in the lower tract. Urinary tract infection was a statistically significant risk factor, while the use of absorbable staples, intestinal mucus and hypocitraturia were also implicated. Calculus composition was primarily a mixture of apatite, struvite and ammonium urate. Bladder calculi were effectively managed endoscopically in the majority of cases without complication. Upper tract calculi presented an endourological challenge.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reda
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Levitt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000637:transplantation; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013270:Stomach / Q000637:transplantation; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy