title: TAR loop-dependent human immunodeficiency virus trans activation requires factors encoded on human chromosome 12.
abstract: The trans-activator response region (TAR) RNA in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 long terminal repeat forms stem-loop secondary structures in which the loop sequence is essential for trans activation. We investigated how the HIV trans-activation mechanism encoded on human chromosome 12 relates to the TAR RNA loop-dependent pathway. DNA transfection experiments showed that trans activation in human-hamster hybrid cells with the single human chromosome 12 and human T-cell lines was highly dependent on the native sequences of the HIV-1 TAR loop and the HIV-2 5' TAR loop. In nonhuman cell lines or hybrid cells without chromosome 12 that supported trans activation, the cellular mechanism was independent of the HIV-1 TAR loop and the response to mutations in the HIV-2 TAR loops differed from that found in human T-cell lines and human-hamster hybrid cells with chromosome 12. Our results suggest that the human chromosome 12 mechanism interacts directly with the TAR RNA loop or indirectly by regulating TAR RNA-binding proteins.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Investigations Branch D12, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Galphin
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Westhafer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schochetman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D006224:Cricetinae; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000378:metabolism; D015756:Genes, tat; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015696:Gene Products, tat; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase