title: Direct inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis by cortisol and the modulatory role of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association of adrenal hyperactivity with ovarian dysfunction may involve direct inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis by glucocorticoids. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the direct effects of cortisol on luteinizing hormone (LH) action in human granulosa-lutein cells and the modulation of this interaction by ovarian 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects were investigated in cultured human granulosa-lutein cells isolated from the follicular aspirates of 14 patients undergoing oocyte collection for in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnenolone production and 3H-cortisol oxidation to 3H-cortisone (11 beta HSD activity) by cultured cells were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cells from nine (of 14) patients, cortisol inhibited LH-stimulated steroidogenesis in a concentration dependent manner with an ID50 of 1250 +/- SEM 377 nmol/l. In these cultures, the 11 beta HSD activities were high (133 +/- SEM 23 pmol/mg protein/4h) and inhibition of the enzyme with carbenoxolone potentiated the action of cortisol. Conversely, cells from the remaining five patients lacked detectable 11 beta HSD activity and exhibited an increased sensitivity to the inhibitory action of cortisol (ID50 = 158 +/- SEM 41 nmol/l in the absence of carbenoxolone).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cortisol acts directly in human granulosa-lutein cells to inhibit the support of steroidogenesis by LH and this interaction is modulated by ovarian 11 beta HSD in the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pester
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cooke
mesh_terms: D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D002229:Carbenoxolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011284:Pregnenolone / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D011284:Pregnenolone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D002229:Carbenoxolone; D006854:Hydrocortisone