title: Survival after severe brain injury in the aged.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the impact of age on outcomes for patients with severe blunt brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inception cohort, retrospective study, cost-benefit analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 1 trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety consecutive patients aged 60 years or older were compared with 79 randomly selected patients aged 20 to 40 years, all with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 5 or less. These patients were admitted from January 1, 1983, to September 1, 1991. Patients who died less than 6 hours after admission to the hospital, had cranial gunshot wounds, or had no structural brain injury on computed tomographic scans were excluded, leaving 42 elderly and 50 younger patients for the final analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortality rates and quality of survival as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between the older and younger patients in admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, Revised Trauma Score, Injury Severity Score, or Abbreviated Injury Scale 1 score. Resuscitation, neurosurgical interventions, and adequacy of nutritional support were equivalent. Elderly patients had a higher incidence of brain confusion and more frequently had multiple brain lesions. Thirty-three (79%) of the 42 elderly patients died in the hospital. Death was attributed to secondary organ failure in 33% of these elderly patients. In-hospital mortality was 36% for younger patients, all of whom died of brain injury. On the basis of the Glasgow Outcome Scale, only one elderly survivor made a favorable recovery (2%) compared with 38% of young patients. Total charges per favorable outcome were $1,540,971 for the elderly compared with $154,155 for the young.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients experienced higher mortality, had poorer functional recovery, more frequently died of secondary organ failure, and consumed more resources per favorable outcome than did younger patients with similar injury profiles despite equivalent treatment efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emanuel Hospital and Health Center, Portland, Ore.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pennings
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bachulis
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Slazinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012151:Resuscitation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy