title: Members of a trypsin gene family in Anopheles gambiae are induced in the gut by blood meal.
abstract: Serine proteases are among the enzymes that play a crucial role during the digestion of the blood meal in the gut of mosquitoes. The identification of the corresponding genes would have important implications for the control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. Analysis of the genomic organization of these genes may lead to the isolation of a gut-specific, inducible promoter for the expression of anti-parasitic agents in transgenic mosquitoes. Moreover, specific inhibitors could be designed on the basis of the structural properties of the enzymes. We report here on the identification of a trypsin gene family in Anopheles gambiae, the mosquito vector of malaria in Africa. Mosquito trypsin-related sequences were amplified by PCR using as template cDNA derived from RNA of blood fed mosquitoes. Cloning of the PCR product revealed two distinct sequences. Corresponding full-length cDNA clones were obtained and sequenced. Antryp1 and Antryp2 code for proteins of 274 and 277 amino acids respectively, showing 75% homology at the amino acid level. The deduced amino acid sequences clearly identify them as trypsins. Five additional trypsin sequences were found in overlapping genomic clones. The genes identified are tightly clustered within 11 kb and sequencing indicates that no introns are present. Northern and PCR analysis indicated that the transcription of both Antryp1 and Antryp2 is induced by blood feeding. Moreover, the Antryp1 protein was detected among the proteins of a midgut lysate of blood fed mosquitoes using antisera against recombinant Antryp1. In addition, the recombinant polypeptides derived from Antryp1 and Antryp2 expressed in Escherichia coli showed a strong proteolytic activity against different sets of blood proteins. We conclude that the products of Antryp1 and Antryp2 play an important role in the breakdown of the proteins during the digestion of the blood meal in the mosquito gut.
authors.affiliation: Università La Sapienza, Istituto di Parassitologia, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Crampton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: della Torre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinden
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crisanti
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001769:Blood; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA; D004063:Digestion; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D015870:Gene Expression; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014357:Trypsin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004247:DNA; D014357:Trypsin