Intervention with nicotinamide in pre-type 1 diabetes: the Deutsche Nikotinamid Interventionsstudie-DENIS.
Nicotinamide is a prime candidate for clinical trials on preventing Type 1 diabetes. It is thought to protect Beta-cells mainly by increasing intracellular NADP levels via competitive inhibition of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. Thus, since nicotinamide protects target cells while under autoimmune attack it should be used at a time when sufficient numbers of beta-cells are still present, i.e. in the early stages of diabetes development. Increased diabetes risk can be identified by the presence of islet cell antibodies (ICA) and an increasing number of other more or less well defined antibodies in relatives of Type 1 diabetic patients. However, ICA is the best-evaluated marker and was therefore chosen for initial screening. The aim of the German Nicotinamide Intervention Study (DENIS) is to evaluate the potency of nicotinamide at protecting children with an increased risk of Type 1 diabetes from manifestation of the disease. The trial is placebo-controlled and double-blinded. A sustained-release preparation of nicotinamide is given at a dose of 1.2 g/m2 body surface. Entry criteria: ICA > or = 20 JDF units (at least two positive readings within 6 months, > or = 3 months apart, one measurement > or = 20 JDF units); siblings of Type 1 diabetic patients, 3-12 years of age; IVGTT performed.


METHODS
diabetes according to WHO criteria (including abnormal OGTT); no written consent; other chronic diseases. Definition of endpoint: Diabetes according to WHO criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors
D001323:Autoantibodies; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C024211:islet cell antibody; D009536:Niacinamide