title: Glutathione reductase in human and murine lung tumors: high levels of mRNA and enzymatic activity.
abstract: The enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) (GSSG+NADPH+H+-->2 GSH+NADP+) plays a key role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress. High levels of GR activity are often associated with tumor growth and/or resistance mechanisms against drug and radiation therapy. In order to investigate the molecular basis of elevated glutathione reductase activities we studied the enzyme at the DNA, mRNA and protein levels in murine experimental tumor cell lines and in human lung tumors. A modified ultracentrifugation procedure was developed which allowed the simultaneous isolation of DNA and total cellular RNA. Out of 11 human bronchial carcinomas obtained from patients without prior chemotherapy, five tumors showed a GR activity which was 2.4 to 3.8 times higher than in the respective control tissues. In each case the elevated enzyme activity was accompanied by an elevated GRmRNA levels. For none of the tumors, GR gene rearrangement or amplification was observed by Southern blot analyses. The mouse tumor cell lines ASB XIV, Lewis lung carcinoma and EAT cells, also showed high levels of GRmRNA whereas this mRNA was hardly detectable in normal mouse lung tissue.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemie II, Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: U S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Bücheler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schirmer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Krauth-Siegel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D005980:Glutathione Reductase