Increased expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF-4E and eIF-2 alpha in response to growth induction by c-myc.
Although activation of c-myc is a critical step in the development of lymphomas and other tumors, its normal function(s) in cell growth remain obscure because few myc-regulated genes are known. myc expression normally increases in response to mitogens and peaks in G1 when additional protein synthesis is required for cell-cycle progression. Protein synthesis is controlled by the availability of translation initiation factors, including the mRNA cap binding protein (eIF-4E) and the alpha subunit of the eIF-2 complex that binds the initiator Met-tRNA. Consequently we examined eIF-4E and eIF-2 alpha for evidence of regulation by c-myc. Expression of eIF-4E and eIF-2 alpha correlated with c-myc expression in fibroblasts after growth stimulation. In addition, expression of eIF-4E and eIF-2 alpha was increased in myc-transformed rat embryo fibroblasts but was not increased in ras-transformed cells. Transcription rates of eIF-4E and eIF-2 alpha mRNAs were regulated by c-myc in cells expressing an estrogen receptor-Myc fusion protein. Finally, electrophoretic mobility-shift assays identified a sequence element in the eIF-2 alpha promoter, TCCGCAT-GCGCG, which was specifically retarded by extracts of myc-expressing cells. c-myc is thought to deregulate the growth of cancer cells by activating transcription, suggesting that specific genes regulated by c-myc should also function as oncogenes. In previous studies these translation initiation factors could induce neoplastic growth because overexpression of eIF-4E-transformed cells and inhibition of a suppressor of eIF-2 alpha (eIF-2 alpha kinase) also caused malignant transformation. Our studies suggest that one important biological function of c-myc may be to increase cell growth by increasing expression of eIF-4E and eIF-2 alpha.
Rosenwald
I B
IB
Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129.
Rhoads
D B
DB
Callanan
L D
LD
Isselbacher
K J
KJ
Schmidt
E V
EV
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002455:Cell Division; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016259:Genes, myc; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D039881:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D039881:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C075833:eIF-4