Hypersensitivity to insulin during remissions in cyclosporin-treated IDDM patients.
OBJECTIVE
To test the sensitivity to insulin in recent-onset IDDM patients, its course according to treatment, and the advent of remissions.


METHODS
The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was used in 54 recent-onset IDDM patients and 14 healthy control subjects. Patients were tested after 1,2, and 4 wk of treatment with either insulin or insulin plus cyclosporin A, during cyclosporin A-associated long-lasting remissions, and during relapses.


RESULTS
Insulin sensitivity was markedly decreased in all patients at onset. It was rapidly restored by insulin therapy, whether immunosuppression was associated with it or not. Insulin sensitivity was even higher than normal in the remission patients, who also were characterized by the reappearance of some endogenous insulin secretion and the sustained normalization of blood glucose profiles. During relapses, the deterioration of the blood glucose profiles was associated with some loss of insulin sensitivity.


CONCLUSIONS
Cyclosporin A-associated remissions represent an original situation that associates euglycemia with the persistence of low endogenous insulin secretion. Cyclosporin A by itself had no influence on sensitivity to insulin, but allowed the reappearance of some insulin secretory capacity that contributed, with the improvement of insulin sensitivity, to the development of the diabetes honeymoon. The secretion of endogenous insulin, although lower than normal, was sufficient to secure a high sensitivity to insulin and the maintenance of normal blood glucose profiles, presumably because of the fact that insulin was released directly into the portal vein in these conditions. This metabolic state was precarious: the optimal sensitivity to insulin disappeared in patients who relapsed. These results have important clinical consequences: the preservation of islet residual secretory capacity by the use of newer nontoxic immunosuppressive protocols, combined with a minimal supportive insulin therapy in remission patients, may prolong remissions and maintain an optimal insulin sensitivity.
Burcelin
R G
RG
Department of Diabetes, Hopital Bichat, Paris, France.
Eddouks
M
M
Beylot
M
M
Normand
S
S
Boitard
C
C
Feutren
G
G
Landais
P
P
Riou
J P
JP
Girard
J R
JR
Bach
J F
JF
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values
D001323:Autoantibodies; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D016572:Cyclosporine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007328:Insulin; D007330:Insulin Antibodies; C024211:islet cell antibody