title: A sensitive and facile assay for the measurement of activated protein C activity levels in vivo.
abstract: Activated protein C (APC) is a serine protease which plays an important role as a naturally occurring antithrombotic enzyme. APC, which is formed by thrombin-catalyzed limited proteolysis of the zymogen protein C, functions as an anticoagulant by proteolytic inactivation of the coagulation cofactors VIIIa and Va: APC is inhibited by several members of the serpin family as well a by alpha 2-macroglobulin. APC is being developed as a therapeutic for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. We have developed an assay to quantify circulating levels of enzymatically active APC during its administration to patients, in healthy individuals, and in various disease states. This assay utilizes an EDTA-dependent anti-protein C monoclonal antibody (Mab) 7D7B10 to capture both APC and protein C from plasma, prepared from blood collected in an anticoagulant supplemented with the reversible inhibitor p-aminobenzamidine. Mab 7D7B10-derivatized agarose beads are added to the wells of a 96-well filtration plate, equilibrated with Tris-buffered saline, and incubated for 10 min with 200 microliters of plasma. After washing, APC and protein C are eluted from the immunosorbent beads with a calcium-containing buffer into the wells of a 96-well microtiter plate containing antithrombin III (ATIII) and heparin. The amidolytic activity of APC is then measured on a kinetic plate reader following the addition of L-pyroglutamyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (S-2366) substrate. The rate of substrate hydrolysis was proportional to APC concentration over a 200-fold concentration range (5.0 to 1,000 ng/ml) when measured continuously over a 15 to 30 min time period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Plasma Derivatives Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Orthner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kolen
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Drohan
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000990:Antithrombin III; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006493:Heparin; D006801:Humans; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D008863:Microspheres; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011486:Protein C; C031006:Val-Leu-Arg-p-nitroanilide; C040190:S 2366; D000990:Antithrombin III; D006493:Heparin; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid