title: The closely related neuropeptide genes encoding adipokinetic hormones I and II have very different 5'-flanking regions.
abstract: Adipokinetic hormones I and II are 10- and 8-amino-acid grasshopper neuropeptides that are derived from 63- and 61-amino-acid peptide precursors, respectively. Each precursor is encoded by a separate gene consisting of three very small exons separated by two large introns. The identical exon structure of the two genes suggests that they evolved through duplication of a common ancestral gene. Despite the precise conservation of exon structure and the similarity of the coding sequences, the two genes have very different 5'-flanking regions, suggesting that they are differentially regulated. For example, sequences similar to the vertebrate insulin enhancer elements NIR and FAR are present upstream of the promoter region of the adipokinetic hormone II gene, but not in the adipokinetic hormone I gene. Both of these insect genes contain short interspersed repetitive DNA sequences in their introns that may have facilitated a gene duplication event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9070.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Noyes
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schaffer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D006110:Grasshoppers / Q000235:genetics*; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D007301:Insect Hormones; C014956:adipokinetic hormone (locust)