title: [Plasma concentrations of diltiazem and its metabolites in coronary surgery: relation with preoperative treatment].
abstract: Preoperative oral administration of calcium channel blocking agents has been found ineffective to prevent perioperative myocardial ischaemia. Our hypothesis was that low plasma concentrations may account for this inefficiency. Twenty-three male patients, scheduled for surgical myocardial revascularisation, were administered their usual anti-anginal treatment, including 180 to 360 mg of diltiazem since more than one week. The usual dosage was given at 8.00 p.m. on the day before surgery. On the morning of surgery, after withdrawal of a first blood sample, 60 mg of diltiazem were administered per month before the induction of anaesthesia. The anaesthesia was obtained with fentanyl, midazolam or flunitrazepam, pancuronium and isoflurane as required. The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was associated with total haemodilution with Ringer's Lactate and a membrane oxygenator. A second blood sample was withdrawn after CPB. Plasma concentrations of diltiazem and its two active metabolites, N-monodemethyldiltiazem (MA) and desacetyldiltiazem (M1), were assessed by HPLC. Plasma diltiazem concentrations decreased from 78 +/- 66 (mean +/- SD) to 51 +/- 42 micrograms.l-1 (p < 0.05) with wide individual variations. These concentrations were under therapeutic levels in 18 out of 23 patients before (p < 0.05) with wide individual variations. These concentrations were under therapeutic levels in 18 out of 23 patients before induction and in 22 patients after CPB. The metabolite/diltiazem ratios remained constant. A dosage-plasma concentration relationship was observed preoperatively with diltiazem and MA. It is concluded that plasma concentrations of diltiazem should be optimized preoperatively in order to prevent myocardial ischaemia.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire et Pneumologique Louis-Pradel, Bron.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lehot
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boulieu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bonnefous
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flamens
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hercule
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: du Grès
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Estanove
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004110:Diltiazem
vernacular_title: Concentrations plasmatiques du diltiazem et de ses métabolites en chirugie coronarienne: relation avec le traitement préopératoire.