title: The association of cigarette smoking with clinical subtypes of ophthalmic Graves' disease.
abstract: We retrospectively reviewed the smoking habits of 124 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. We divided these patients into those without restrictive myopathy (type I) and those with restrictive myopathy (type II). Sixty-three percent of type I and 83% of type II patients were smokers at the time of diagnosis. The incidence of smoking in an age- and gender-matched randomly selected control population in the same geographic area was 30% for controls matched to our type I group and 26.6% for controls matched to our type II group. We believe smoking is an important factor in the development of both clinical subtypes of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Nunery
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gavin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007196:Indiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology