title: Speech and language outcomes in preschool-aged survivors of neonatal intensive care.
abstract: This paper reports on the second stage of a longitudinal follow-up of the speech and language outcomes in a cohort of children who required neonatal intensive care. From 3 years of age, when the first stage was completed, to preschool age, the rate for major overall communication problems rose from 13% to 17%. However, when children with frank neurological or intellectual problems were excluded, this figure dropped to 8%. The impact of perinatal, medical and environmental variables on speech and language outcomes was again investigated. Differences were found between those that were important at 3 years of age and those that were important at preschool age. New variables emerged as contributing to language expression, including gender and the perinatal variables, gestational age and respiratory distress syndrome. Maternal education level was even more important to language comprehension at preschool age than at 3 years of age. Factors that might explain improvement, or lack of improvement, in speech and language skills are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing, University of Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tudehope
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohay
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D007804:Language Development; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D013060:Speech; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology