title: ADD1: a novel helix-loop-helix transcription factor associated with adipocyte determination and differentiation.
abstract: DNA-binding proteins containing the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain have been implicated in lineage determination and the regulation of specific gene expression in a number of cell types. By oligonucleotide screening of an adipocyte cDNA expression library, we have identified a novel member of the bHLH-leucine zipper transcription factor family designated ADD1. ADD1 mRNA is expressed predominantly in brown adipose tissue in vivo and is regulated during both determination and differentiation of cultured adipocyte cell lines. ADD1 can function as a sequence-specific transcriptional activator in that it stimulates expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase vector containing multiple ADD1 binding sequences but is unable to activate the myosin light-chain enhancer, which contains multiple binding sites for another bHLH factor, MyoD. ADD1 can also activate transcription through a binding site present in the 5'-flanking region of the fatty acid synthetase gene which is expressed in a differentiation-dependent manner in adipose cells. These data suggest that ADD1 plays a role in the regulation of determination- and differentiation-specific gene expression in adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tontonoz
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C497389:Srebf1 protein, rat; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors