title: Hyperfractionated radiation therapy (72 Gy) for children with brain stem gliomas. A Childrens Cancer Group Phase I/II Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most children with brain stem gliomas (BSG) die within 18 months of diagnosis. Early experience suggested that hyperfractionated radiation therapy (RT) at a dose of 72 Gy, administered in 1-Gy fractions twice daily, possibly improved disease-free survival for children with BSG.
  
  
  METHODS
  To better characterize the toxicity and possible efficacy of this dose and fractionation of RT, 53 assessable children with diffuse intrinsic or malignant BSG were treated. Survival figures also were combined with outcome in 36 patients treated in a previous pilot study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An objective response to treatment was observed in 28 of 53 (53%) patients; a partial response occurred in 7. No child died of treatment-related brain necrosis, although 7 of 53 did have intralesional cystic/necrotic changes within 6 weeks of completion of RT. The overall survival rate for patients in the study was 38% (+/- 6.5) at 1 year, 14% (+/- 5.4) at 2 years, and 8% (+/- 6.5) at 3 years. Leptomeningeal dissemination was observed in 4 of 48 (8%) children who had relapses. A greater than 2-month duration of symptoms before diagnosis was related to a better prognosis. There was no statistical association between any other clinical parameter, neuroradiographic finding, or pathologic finding and outcome. Combined with that in 35 patients treated in the pilot study, the survival rate in 88 children was 14% (+/- 5) at 3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The radiographic response rate is encouraging; however, it cannot be concluded that hyperfractionated RT, at this dose schedule and total dose, is superior to conventional RT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boyett
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Rorke
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Selch
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001933:Brain Stem; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed