title: Parathyroid carcinoma: 50-year experience at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parathyroid carcinoma is rare, with a reported prevalence of 0.6% to 4.0% in patients presumed to have primary hyperparathyroidism. This study examines the long-term results of surgical therapy and combination chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1938 to 1988, 1260 operations for primary hyperparathyroidism were performed; only six patients (0.47%) were subsequently found to have parathyroid carcinoma. A seventh patient was referred to our institution after the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma had been made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had excessive hypercalcemia (serum calcium concentration > 12.0 mg/dL) with a range of 12.3 to 18.3 mg/dL. Locally recurrent tumors causing recurrent hypercalcemia were managed by repeated neck exploration and tumor resection. Six of the seven patients (85%) survived 5 years, while four patients (57%) survived 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma rests upon postoperative surveillance of patients who have undergone previous neck exploration and resection of apparently benign adenomas. Long-term survival is possible with repeated resection of locally recurrent tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation. OH 44195.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hakaim
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Esselstyn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000628:therapy; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate