title: Isolation and mapping of human T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase sequences: localization of genes and pseudogenes discriminated using fluorescence hybridization with genomic versus cDNA probes.
abstract: This work reports the isolation, partial characterization, and chromosomal mapping of several human T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) sequences and provides a direct comparison of the specificity of cDNA versus genomic probes in discriminating the location of genes versus pseudogenes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In initial attempts to map the T-cell (TC) PTP gene using a 2-kb cDNA, several labeled sites were noted, raising the possibility of multiple related sequences within the genome. To address this, four genomic clones were obtained with homology to the TC PTP cDNA and characterized for their primary structure and their position within the human genome. Based on the presence or absence of an open reading frame and the intron/exon structure, two of these clones were found to be overlapping sequences encoding the true TC PTP gene and two were highly related but distinct processed pseudogenes. The TC PTP gene (gene symbol PTPN2) encoded by clones L17-2 and L5-1 localized to chromosome 18p11.2-p11.3, whereas pseudogenes encoded by clone L17-1, entitled TCPS1 (gene symbol PTPN2P1), and clone L18, entitled TCPS13 (gene symbol PTPN2P2), mapped to chromosomes 1q22-q24 and 13q12-q13, respectively. A direct comparison of the specificity of genomic and cDNA probes demonstrated that under identical conditions the genomic probes (containing both exon and intron sequences) readily identified a single specific site of hybridization, whereas the cDNA identified sites of both the gene and its pseudogenes. While providing mapping and sequencing information on the TC PTPase sequences, this work illustrates a strategy for addressing a recurrent problem in gene mapping studies where highly related sequences exist within the genome.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655.
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cool
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Glaccum
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bruskin
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA; D015342:DNA Probes; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D011544:Pseudogenes; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D004247:DNA; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases