title: Detection of intracranial tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhages, and subdural hematomas in primary care patients: a report from ASPN, Part 2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The initial diagnosis of intracranial tumor, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and subdural hematoma (SDH) can be difficult. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence and presenting signs and symptoms of these disorders in primary care settings, and to determine whether a more aggressive investigative strategy for patients with headache is justifiable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weekly return cards and a chart audit were used to collect data over a 19-month period on every patient who had a new diagnosis of intracranial tumor, SAH, or SDH. Age and sex reports were collected annually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five new tumors, 17 SAHs, and 8 SDHs were reported in 58 practices (a rate of 12/100,000 patients per year). Only one half of these patients had headaches, and no abnormalities were found on neurological examination of many. Diagnosis was delayed in only four patients with headache caused by a brain tumor and in three patients with SAHs. Diagnosis was delayed in two of the latter because of false-negative CT scans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although clinical findings and CT scans are not reliable indicators, clinicians are able to detect the majority of these rare conditions without undue delay by selecting a small subset of patients for further investigation. More extensive use of CT scans appears to be a weak strategy to improve detection of these serious disorders, as increased use would lead to increased health care costs and unintended adverse effects, and provide little benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beaufait
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Froom
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States