Radiotelemetry temperature responses of mammary gland and body to intramammary injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin or Streptococcus agalactiae in lactating dairy cows.
To investigate the feasibility of using changes in body or mammary temperature to detect mastitis, radiotransmitters were implanted midway between rear udder quarters and in the peritoneal cavity of 5 Holstein cows (1 to 3 months in lactation) housed in an environmental chamber (16 +/- 2 C; lights on 7:00 AM to 11:00 PM). After a 6-week control period, Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.5 mg) was injected after the morning milking into left rear teat cisterns via the teat canal. Wisconsin mastitis test score and somatic cell count in all quarters increased significantly (P < 0.01) by the next milking. Effects were greatest in the endotoxin-exposed quarters. Milk yields for all quarters decreased significantly (P < 0.01) by the first milking after endotoxin injection. Udder and body temperatures at milkings were similar and were not affected by treatment. When temperatures were averaged for the 5 cows for each of 120 time points/d, average temperatures, relative to time of injection of endotoxin, were increased by 0.5 C above baseline at 2.75 hours, peaked at +2.9 C at 6.50 hours, and remained high through 9.25 hours after injection. Power spectra calculated for individual cows on a daily basis universally indicated an increase in power at low frequencies on the day of injection. Subsequently, Streptococcus agalactiae (200 colony-forming units) was injected into right rear teat cisterns. Wisconsin mastitis test score increased at the second milking after injection. Cell count and quarter milk yield decreased by the third milking. As with endotoxin, injection of S agalactiae could not be detected via a change in temperature at milkings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lefcourt
A M
AM
USDA, Livestock and Poultry Science Institute, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350.
Bitman
J
J
Wood
D L
DL
Stroud
B
B
Schultze
W D
WD
D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
D004731:Endotoxins