title: A two-dimensional dynamic model of the human knee joint.
abstract: A two-dimensional dynamic model of the knee joint was incorporated into a four-segment, eight-muscle model of the human body to determine the muscle, ligament, and articular contact forces transmitted at the knee as humans stand up from a static squatting position. Our optimal control model predicted peak tibiofemoral contact forces as high as 8 times body weight. Furthermore, ligament forces, especially those in the anterior-cruciate, were nearly body weight as knee flexion approached 90 degrees. Ligament and tibiofemoral contact loads were dominated by the forces exerted by muscles during the movement.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas, Austin 78712.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pandy
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology