title: Cutaneous metastases in patients with metastatic carcinoma: a retrospective study of 4020 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most previous studies have found that cutaneous metastases occur infrequently and are rarely present at the time the cancer is initially diagnosed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied patients with metastatic cancer to determine the overall frequency of skin metastases, the frequency that these were the first sign of extranodal disease, and the clinical and histologic features of the cutaneous lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-year period of tumor registry files was searched for patients with metastatic carcinoma and melanoma. For patients with skin metastases, medical records and pathology reports were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 4020 patients with metastatic disease, 420 (10%) had cutaneous metastases; in 306 of them the skin metastases were the first sign of extranodal metastatic Breast cancer and melanoma were the most common. Nodules were the most frequent clinical presentation, although inflammatory, cicatricial, and bullous lesions were also noted. Incisional metastases were common. Histologic findings most frequently revealed adenocarcinoma that was sometimes suggestive of the site of origin. After recognition of skin metastases, mean patient survival ranged from 1 to 34 months depending on tumor type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cutaneous metastases are not uncommon and frequently are the first sign of extranodal metastatic disease, particularly in patients with melanoma, breast cancer, or mucosal cancers of the head and neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/Division of Dermatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lookingbill
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spangler
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Helm
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary*; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000556:secondary*; D011379:Prognosis; D012142:Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology