title: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by direct detection of mutations in the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to develop a rapid and accurate method for the prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia using the polymerase chain reaction to detect mutations in the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene. These procedures will help to minimize exposure to dexamethasone treatment of either affected males or unaffected females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chorionic villus biopsy samples were obtained between 10 and 11 weeks gestation from three females carrying fetuses at risk of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Blood samples were taken from parents and the index case in each family.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three common mutations in the 21-hydroxylase B gene were detected following DNA amplification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was successful in all three cases. One affected female was treated with dexamethasone to term. In the other two cases, one affected male and one carrier also male, dexamethasone was withdrawn at an early stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First trimester prenatal diagnosis of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency was achieved in three pregnancies with a strategy based on direct detection of gene mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rumsby
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Honour
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodeck
mesh_terms: D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D015193:Chorionic Villi Sampling / Q000379:methods*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D003907:Dexamethasone; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase