title: Expression of antitumor response. Role of attachment and viability of bacillus Calmette-Guérin to bladder cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antitumor effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) against superficial urinary bladder cancer is known to be strong when BCG is directly infused into the bladder cavity. For expression of that effect, attachment of BCG to tumor cells is reported to be essential as the first step. Our study was conducted to elucidate the significance of attachment of BCG to tumor cells in inducing the antitumor effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  BCG, Tokyo 172 strain, in the form of live bacilli, lyophilized bacilli, or autoclaved bacilli was co-cultured with MBT-2, mouse-origin transitional cell cancer cells. Various preparations of BCG were mixed with MBT-2 cells and transplanted to male C3H/He mice to see tumor growth-inhibiting effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both live and lyophilized BCG attached strongly to MBT-2 cells. The maximal attachment to the cells with live BCG occurred 24 hours earlier than with lyophilized BCG. When BCG was autoclaved, it lost the ability to attach to the cells. Lyophilized or autoclaved BCG exerted a marked tumor growth-inhibiting effects. This effect was equal to the Tokyo 172 strain and the Armand Frappier Canada strain. Histologically, a high degree of infiltration by macrophages was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that coexistence of BCG, even as killed by autoclaving, with tumor cells activates local immunity. Accordingly, the significance of the attachment of BCG to tumor cells in intravesical infusion therapy is surmised to lie in the fact that it results in retention of the BCG at the reaction site. This may provide a clue on how to approach future development of safer and more stable BCG-derived antitumor drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niijima
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Toida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koiso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine