title: Alterations in pain threshold and psychomotor response associated with subanaesthetic concentrations of inhalation anaesthetics in humans.
abstract: We studied the effects of six inhalation anaesthetics at subanaesthetic concentrations of 0.2 MAC on pain threshold and psychomotor function in six healthy volunteers. When compared with 100% oxygen inhalation, nitrous oxide and methyoxyflurane significantly increased pain threshold as measured by a radiant heat algometer, and prolonged the response time to auditory stimuli. In contrast, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane produced prolongation of the response time to auditory stimuli but did not influence pain perception. The pain threshold with nitrous oxide remained significantly increased 30 min after its discontinuation, while the response time returned to the preinhalation value. We conclude that nitrous oxide and methoxyflurane possess both analgesic and hypnotic actions but halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane do not have an analgesic action at subanaesthetic concentrations, and the analgesic action of nitrous oxide persists after its elimination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mashimo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshiya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004737:Enflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008733:Methoxyflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D004987:Ethers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D008733:Methoxyflurane; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D004737:Enflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D006221:Halothane