title: Ischemia in collateral-dependent myocardium: effects of nifedipine and diltiazem in man.
abstract: It has recently been shown that ischemia in collateral-dependent myocardium may develop at a very variable threshold in anginal patients; accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess whether nifedipine and diltiazem can increase blood flow to collateralized myocardium in man. Nine patients with complete coronary occlusion filled by collaterals, with no other coronary stenosis, normal left ventricular function, and reproducibly positive exercise tests were studied. They underwent exercise tests off therapy and after acute randomized administration of nifedipine (10 mg sublingually), diltiazem (120 mg orally), and nitroglycerin (0.5 mg sublingually), the latter a drug known to increase blood flow to collateralized myocardium. Following nifedipine, time to 1 mm ST segment depression increased significantly (from 430 +/- 176 to 576 +/- 205 seconds, p < 0.01), while heart rate and rate-pressure product remained unchanged (115 +/- 16 vs 121 +/- 17 beats/min and 199 +/- 29 vs 204 +/- 44 beats/min.mm Hg.10(2), respectively, p = NS for both). Similarly, diltiazem significantly increased time to ischemic threshold from baseline to 638 +/- 125 seconds (p < 0.01), but did not change heart rate and rate-pressure product at 1 mm ST segment depression. Submaximal rate-pressure products were significantly lowered by both nifedipine and diltiazem. Nitroglycerin not only significantly improved time to ischemic threshold (from baseline to 666 +/- 76 seconds, p < 0.01), but also increased heart rate (from baseline to 137 +/- 16 beats/min, p < 0.01) and rate-pressure product (from baseline to 242 +/- 48 beats/min.mm Hg.10(2), p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Institute of Patologia Medica, University of Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pupita
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazzara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Centanni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rimatori
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dessì-Fulgheri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rappelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000187:drug effects; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004110:Diltiazem; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D009543:Nifedipine