title: Ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning enhance postischaemic recovery of function in the rat heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims were (1) to determine whether ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning enhance recovery of left ventricular function after global ischaemia in the rat, and (2) to evaluate the effects of selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonists on ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rat hearts, perfused at constant pressure, were subjected to 30 min ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion. Control hearts were compared to hearts preconditioned with 5 min ischaemia in the presence or absence of the adenosine A1 antagonist A1433U (10 microM), and hearts preconditioned with 5 min hypoxia in the presence or absence of the adenosine A1 antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 5 microM). Recovery of left ventricular function was assessed by percent recovery of preischaemic rate-pressure product.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control hearts recovered 64(SEM 4)% of preischaemic rate-pressure product after 30 min reperfusion, whereas ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioned hearts recovered 86(3)% and 94(5)%, respectively (p < 0.05 v control). Despite enhanced recovery of postischaemic ventricular function, ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning reduced the time to onset of ischaemic contracture from a control value of 12.6(0.6) min to 9.3(0.7) and 9.0(0.6) min, respectively (p < 0.05). Neither adenosine receptor antagonist blocked preconditioning. Ischaemic preconditioned hearts recovered 80(5)% of preischaemic function in the presence of A1433U, and hypoxic preconditioned hearts in the presence of DPCPX recovered 85(4)%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning enhance recovery of function following global ischaemia in the rat. The observations that adenosine receptor antagonists do not block the salutary effects of ischaemic or hypoxic preconditioning suggest that adenosine is not the sole mediator of preconditioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792-0001.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Lasley
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mentzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D058914:Purinergic Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058914:Purinergic Antagonists; D014970:Xanthines; C053414:BW A1433U; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine