Trans-monoenoic and polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids of a Vibrio species of bacterium in relation to growth conditions.
A Vibrio species of bacterium known to contain the polyunsaturated fatty acid 20:5n-3 was grown in both freshwater and seawater media at 5 and 20 degrees C and examined for adaptive changes in lipid composition. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), together with a smaller proportion of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), comprised almost all the lipid under all growth conditions examined. Temperature had a more pronounced effect than the salinity of the medium on lipid composition. The proportion of PE in total lipid was always higher at 5 than at 20 degrees C. Conversely, the proportion of NEFA was lower at 5 than 20 degrees C whereas that of PG was not altered. The levels of saturated fatty acids in total lipid, PE and PG were all decreased by growth at 5 degrees C. No differences were observed with respect to growth temperature in the levels of cis 16:1n-7, the principal monoenoic fatty acid in both PE and PG. Trans 16:1n-7 was found to comprise 12.8-15.2% of fatty acids in PE and PG of bacteria grown at 5 degrees C but only 4.4-8.5% of phospholipid fatty acids in bacteria cultured at 20 degrees C. Regardless of medium composition, a reduction in growth temperature from 20 to 5 degrees C also caused the proportions of 20:5n-3 to increase from around 0.8 to 4.4% in PE and from around 4 to 20% in PG. The simultaneous occurrence of trans 16:1n-7 and 20:5n-3 is unique to this Vibrio species of bacterium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Henderson
R J
RJ
Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland.
Millar
R M
RM
Sargent
J R
JR
Jostensen
J P
JP
D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D005618:Fresh Water; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012623:Seawater; D013696:Temperature; D014733:Vibrio / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
D005227:Fatty Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols; D010743:Phospholipids