title: Radiation-induced neoplastic transformation of human cells.
abstract: Ionizing radiation can induce cancers in humans and animals and can cause in vitro neoplastic transformation of various rodent cell systems. However, numerous attempts to achieve neoplastic transformation of human cells by radiation have generally proven unsuccessful. Neoplastic transformation of immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes by X-ray irradiation has recently been reported. The carcinogenic effect of radiation on cultured human cells will be briefly reviewed. The current state-of-the-art in radiation-induced transformation of human cells in culture is presented. This will provide insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms in the conversion of normal cells to a neoplastic state of growth.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rhim
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thraves
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dritschilo
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kuettel
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005720:Gamma Rays; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology