title: Active core rewarming in neurologic, hypothermic patients: effects on oxygen-related variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine in hypothermic patients if a) the decrease in oxygen consumption (VO2) is exclusively dependent on the decrease in metabolic rate, or b) as a consequence of the greater hemoglobin affinity for oxygen, hypothermic tissues have impaired oxygen extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, prospective study; sequential measurements of oxygen-related variables during active core rewarming.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients (44 +/- 16 yrs of age) admitted to the intensive care unit with a core temperature of < 34 degrees C due to severe neurologic damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rewarming (with heated enemas, gastric infusions, and heated blankets) to increase body temperature at a rate of approximately 1 degree C/hr. Measurements of oxygen-related variables were performed at a baseline of 31.0 +/- 1.1 degrees C, and repeated at each 1 degree C increase to reach a core temperature of approximately 35 degrees C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxygen-related variables of rewarmed patients were allocated into two groups, above or below the observed mean core temperature of 33.1 degrees C recorded for all measurements (n = 45). Comparison of the low core temperature group (31.1 +/- 1.4 degrees C; n = 20) with the high core temperature group (34.7 +/- 0.9 degrees C; n = 25) showed that the group with the lower core temperatures had a significant increase in VO2 index (67 +/- 22 vs. 103 +/- 38 mL/min/m2 [p < .001]), oxygen delivery index (183 +/- 73 vs. 290 +/- 123 mL/min/m2 [p < .001]), and the PO2 value at which hemoglobin was half-saturated with oxygen ([P50] 23 +/- 5.7 vs. 27.7 +/- 5.7 torr [3.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.7 kPa] [p < .02]). An increase in metabolic acidosis could be observed in the lower temperature group: arterial pH 7.47 +/- 0.15 vs. 7.34 +/- 0.13 (p < .01); base deficit -3.7 +/- 6.7 vs. -8.2 +/- 4.9 mEq/L (p < .02). The oxygen extraction ratio remained unchanged: 0.39 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.10 (NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that VO2 was reduced to half of normal values during hypothermia. Active core rewarming produced an average 4.5% increase in VO2 per 1 degree C that was characterized by the wide variation observed in this metabolic response between different patients and for individual cases. Despite the rightward shift of P50 observed during rewarming (mainly due to the Bohr effect), no change was reflected on the oxygen extraction ratio.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Division, University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Biancolini
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Del Bosco
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Poderoso
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Capdevila
mesh_terms: D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001831:Body Temperature; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011446:Prospective Studies