title: Prospective randomized trial of the effect of nifedipine on pancreatic irritation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
abstract: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is complicated by acute pancreatitis in up to 12% of the examinations. One possible mechanism for this complication is the cannulation-induced sphincter of Oddi spasm with temporary pancreatic duct obstruction. Nifedipine is known to relax the sphincter of Oddi, thus possibly inhibiting or reducing post-ERCP +/- endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) pancreatic irritation. To test this hypothesis 166 adult patients undergoing ERCP +/- EST were randomized to receive nifedipine (n = 82) 20 mg 3 times at 8-hour intervals during the day of ERCP +/- EST or placebo (n = 84) in a double-blind manner. Clinical pancreatitis developed in 6 patients (4%), in 3 patients in each group. Necrotizing pancreatitis developed in 3 patients, 2 (2%) in the nifedipine group and 1 (1%) in the placebo group. Overall 60 patients (36%) needed medication for post-ERCP +/- EST epigastric pain, 27 (33%) in the nifedipine group and 33 (39%) in the placebo group. Of the 87 patients, who did not need any pain medication before ERCP +/- EST, 34 (39%) needed pain medication after ERCP +/- EST. 14/47 (30%) in the nifedipine group and 20/40 (50%) in the placebo group (p = 0.044). Serum total amylase activity (median) increased from 189 U/l (range 39-11,950 U/l) before ERCP +/- EST to 299 U/l (range 43-11,824 U/l) at 12 h (p < 0.001) and 247 U/l (range 34-15,950 U/l) at 24 h (p < 0.001), with no differences between the two groups. Median serum C-reactive protein concentration and blood leukocyte count remained unchanged in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nordback
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D000208:Acute Disease; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D009803:Sphincter of Oddi / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009543:Nifedipine