title: Large enhancement of canine taste responses to amino acids by salts.
abstract: The effects of salts on the canine taste responses to amino acids were examined by recording the activity of the chorda tympani nerve. 1) The tonic responses to most amino acids examined were significantly enhanced by the presence of various salts. 2) The degree of the enhancement varied with the species of amino acid and salt. The responses to most amino acids were enhanced by sodium, potassium, and calcium salts, but not enhanced by magnesium salts. The response to methionine, for example, was enhanced by NaCl, but not by Na phosphate of equimolar Na+. 3) The responses to glycine and alanine were suppressed by high concentrations of NaCl. 4) The presence of salts (NaCl and CaCl2) enhanced the responses to amino acids without affecting the thresholds for the amino acids, suggesting that the presence of the salts did not change the affinity of amino acids to the receptor sites. 5) The enhancing effects of salts on the responses to amino acids could not be explained in terms of permeability of cation and anion of salts. It was speculated that the binding of cation and anion of salts on the receptor membranes induces exposure of the receptor sites for amino acids available for binding of amino acids.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ugawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurihara
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D002412:Cations / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002814:Chorda Tympani Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D004594:Electrophysiology; D012492:Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002412:Cations; D012492:Salts; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002122:Calcium Chloride