title: Rapid and simple subtyping of the HLA-DRB3 gene in Graves' disease by using temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis.
abstract: A HLA-DRB3-subtyping system that uses TGGE for analyzing DRB3 alleles was developed. The polymorphic second exon of the HLA-DRB3 gene was amplified from four homozygous typing cell lines, 223 healthy individuals, and 102 patients with Graves' disease by using the PCR. The PCR products were electrophoresed in a temperature gradient from 35 degrees C to 70 degrees C, and the resulting fragments were visualized by silver staining. Four DRB3 alleles (HLA-DRB3*0101, *0201, *0202, and *0301) were distinguished from one another by the migration of the corresponding homoduplex with the exception that DRB3*0201 was indistinguishable from DRB3*0202. The latter two alleles, however, were resolved by the artificial heteroduplexing approach. Arginine in position 74 of the DRB3 gene product (i.e., HLA-DRB3*0101) was significantly more frequent in Graves' patients than in controls. The relative risk conferred by the presence of the DRB3*0101 was 15.8 (p < or = 0.001). The presence of arginine in position 74 contributed to an etiologic fraction of 75% in our study population. The PCR-TGGE technique is a simple, nonisotopic method, which may be useful in rapid screening of large populations for HLA disease markers.
authors.affiliation: Center of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maerz
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Manfras
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuehnl
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Usadel
authors.forename: B O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Boehm
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D015343:DNA Probes, HLA; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059826:HLA-DRB3 Chains; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012306:Risk; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D015343:DNA Probes, HLA; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059826:HLA-DRB3 Chains