title: The effect of prenatal caffeine exposure on the enamel surface of the first molars of newborn rats.
abstract: Timed-pregnant rats were randomly divided into three groups at day 7 of gestation. A caffeine tablet was implanted subcutaneously in the experimental group and a placebo tablet in the control group. The third group was used as surrogate dams. At birth, eight randomly selected pups born either to the experimental or control dams were placed with surrogate dams that had produced pups on the same day; these were then used in either the experimental or the control group, and so the surrogate dams raised pups that came from either the experimental or control group. At day 22 after birth, the pups were killed, and their first and second maxillary and mandibular molars were removed. They were then placed in a specially designed chamber and exposed to an acid solution. The outflowing acid solution was collected every 20 min and up to 80 min. Then the calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium contents of each fraction were measured. The enamel surfaces of untreated and acid-treated first molars of the caffeine and control groups were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Untreated teeth were powdered and separated into enamel and dentine. Pure enamel samples were examined with a Gandolfi X-ray powder camera to measure the crystallite size. At 20-, 40- and 60-min intervals, calcium and phosphorus contents of the first molars of the caffeine group were significantly higher than those of the control. The enamel surface of the untreated and acid-treated first molars of the caffeine group had significantly different scanning microscopic appearances from those of the non-caffeine untreated and acid-treated control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New Orleans, Lakefront, LA 70148.
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Falster
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003747:Dental Enamel Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D008963:Molar; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D010919:Placebos; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013607:Tablets; D014083:Tooth Germ / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D010919:Placebos; D013607:Tablets; D010758:Phosphorus; D002110:Caffeine; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium