title: Cervicography: adjunctive cervical cancer screening by primary care clinicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervicography is an adjunct method of cervical cancer screening intended to complement cervical cytologic sampling, ie, Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. Cervicography involves obtaining and evaluating a photographic image of the cervix. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the screening use of cervicography as an adjunct to clinical cytologic screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women presenting at four clinical sites for annual cervical cytologic screening or for follow-up evaluation after receiving an abnormal Pap smear result were enrolled in the study. Each patient received a Pap smear and a cervigram. Those women in whom abnormalities were detected by either test subsequently underwent colposcopy, and when appropriate, histologic specimens were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pap smear and cervigram data were obtained for 1449 women. When premalignant or malignant histologic test results were considered as a true positive, the Pap smear correctly identified 25.6% of subjects with dysplasia and 37.5% with severe dysplasia. The Pap smear failed to identify the one patient with invasive cancer. The cervigram detected 50.5% of the subjects with dysplasia and 77.8% of the subjects with severe dysplasia, and it identified the one patient with invasive cancer when a positive cervigram was considered a true positive. When the results were combined, the two tests identified 62.9% of subjects with histologically confirmed dysplasia, 81.3% of subjects with severe dysplasia, and 100% (one patient) with cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cervigram detected twice the number of patients with premalignant disease as the Pap smear alone, and correctly identified the invasive cancer. Cervicography improved the detection of cervical disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-3500.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Frisch
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Milner
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: diPaola
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Petry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D010781:Photography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000592:standards