title: Intra-articular morphine and bupivacaine analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery.
abstract: We assessed the effectiveness of intra-articular solutions of morphine, bupivacaine with adrenaline and a combination of both, compared with placebo in facilitating mobilisation and reducing postoperative pain and analgesic requirements for 24 h after operation. Forty patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery were studied in a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. All treatments proved more effective than placebo in facilitating earlier mobilisation and in decreasing postoperative pain as measured by visual analogue scale. Morphine alone provided the best analgesia and significantly decreased analgesic consumption for 24 h after surgery. We conclude that 1 mg of intra-articular morphine provides effective pain relief following arthroscopic knee surgery and that the addition of bupivacaine is of no benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Appadurai
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine