title: Expression of cytokine genes in human cardiac allografts: correlation of IL-6 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) with histological rejection.
abstract: Cytokines may play critical roles in allograft rejection. Currently, a clear pattern of cytokine production that correlates with rejection has not emerged. Our preliminary studies suggested a trend toward increased IL-6 and TGF-beta gene expression in cardiac allografts during rejection. We have extended these studies using reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) to detect the expression of IL-6, TGF-beta, and T cell receptor beta chain constant region (TCR-beta) genes in 21 additional consecutive myocardial biopsies obtained from six heart transplant patients and from five pre-transplant donor hearts. Cytokine gene expression was compared with histological diagnosis of rejection. There was strong correlation between IL-6 as well as TGF-beta gene expression, and histological rejection (6/8 biopsies with versus 0/7 without rejection (P = 0.006) and 7/9 biopsies with versus 0/7 without rejection (P = 0.003) respectively). Neither IL-6 nor TGF-beta transcripts were detected in any pre-transplant donor heart. TCR-beta chain mRNA was found in all allograft biopsies regardless of the presence of rejection, but was absent in pre-transplant donor hearts. Our results indicate that expression of IL-6 and TGF-beta is highly correlated with allograft rejection and thus may play an important role in regulation of cardiac allograft rejection. T cell infiltration of allografted myocardium is invariably detected by PCR regardless of histological rejection. The long-term functional significance of these cells in transplanted hearts needs further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Transplant Centre, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
authors.forename: X M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Frist
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Yeoh
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015870:Gene Expression; D006084:Graft Rejection; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta