The structures and biological activities of the lipo-oligosaccharide nodulation signals produced by type I and II strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum produces lipo-oligosaccharide signal molecules that induce deformation of root hairs and meristematic activity on soybeans. B. japonicum USDA135 (a Type I strain) produces modified chitin pentasaccharide molecules with either a terminal N-C16:0- or N-C18:1-glucosamine with and without an O-acetyl group at C-6 and with 2-O-methylfucose linked to C-6 of the reducing N-acetylglucosamine. An additional molecule has N-C16:1-glucosamine and no O-acetyl group. All of these molecules cause root hair deformation on Vicia sativa and Glycine soja. The C18:1-containing molecules were tested and found to induce meristem formation on G. soja. USDA61 (a Type II strain) produces eight additional molecules. Five have a carbamoyl group on the terminal N-acylglucosamine. Six have chitin tetrasaccharide backbones. Three have a terminal N-acyl-N-methylglucosaminosyl residue. In four molecules, the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine is glycosidically linked to glycerol and has a branching fucosyl, rather than a 2-O-methylfucosyl, residue. One molecule has a terminal N-acylglucosamine that has both acetyl and carbamoyl groups (one each).
Carlson
R W
RW
Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-4712.
Sanjuan
J
J
Bhat
U R
UR
Glushka
J
J
Spaink
H P
HP
Wijfjes
A H
AH
van Brussel
A A
AA
Stokkermans
T J
TJ
Peters
N K
NK
Stacey
G
G
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D012230:Rhizobiaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D016339:Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D002241:Carbohydrates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C023023:lipid-linked oligosaccharides