title: Combination treatment with captopril and the thyroid hormone analogue 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid. A new approach to improving left ventricular performance in heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An agent that improves left ventricular (LV) performance by non-cAMP-mediated mechanisms would be valuable in the treatment of chronic heart failure. We have shown earlier that the thyroid hormone analogue 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA) binds to nuclear receptors, alters transcription of T3-responsive genes, and increases +dP/dtmax in hypothyroid rats with substantially less effect on heart rate and metabolism than thyroid hormone, which makes it a selective cardiotonic agent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To determine whether DITPA might be useful in treating heart failure, we compared chronic treatment with normal saline, captopril (2 g/L), or the combination of DITPA (375 micrograms/100 g) and captopril (2 g/L) in Sprague-Dawley rats beginning 3 weeks after coronary artery ligation. Both DITPA/captopril and captopril treatment decreased LV end-diastolic pressure compared with controls (21 +/- 2 and 26 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively, vs 34 +/- 3 mm Hg, P < .05 for each). The addition of DITPA to captopril produced a 36% increase in resting cardiac index (P < .05) and shifted the cardiac function curve upward and to the left, indicative of enhanced myocardial performance. Also, DITPA/captopril compared with captopril treatment or control produced an increase in the rate of LV relaxation, as manifested by a decrease in tau, the time constant of LV pressure decline (17.5 +/- 1.0 vs 22.2 +/- 1.7 milliseconds, P < .05) and a larger absolute value for -dP/dtmax (-4561 +/- 361 vs -3346 +/- 232 mm Hg/s, P < .05). These changes occurred without changes in heart rate, LV mass, LV systolic pressure, or peripheral resistance relative to captopril treatment (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of DITPA and captopril improved cardiac output, increased -dP/dtmax, and increased the rate of LV relaxation to a greater extent than captopril treatment in the rat postinfarction model of heart failure. Use of a cardiotonic analogue of thyroid hormone represents a new approach to improving LV performance and may be a useful adjunct to afterload reduction for the treatment of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tucson Veterans Administration Medical Center, AZ.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pennock
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Raya
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bahl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002216:Captopril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004104:Diiodothyronines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D011422:Propionates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004104:Diiodothyronines; D011422:Propionates; C082182:3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid; D002216:Captopril