title: Effectiveness of an ambulatory care clinical pharmacist: a controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare two general medicine clinics to determine the effectiveness of an ambulatory care clinical pharmacist in assisting recognition of drug therapy problems for physicians and decreasing drug therapy costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two general medicine ambulatory care clinics associated with a large, tertiary-care teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Those with scheduled and completed appointments in the clinics during the two-week study period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medication profiles of patients attending clinic A (pharmacist intervention) and clinic B (no pharmacist intervention) were reviewed by the pharmacist prior to clinic appointments. Potential drug therapy problems were identified at each clinic, but interventions were performed only at clinic A. Postappointment audits determined the number of recommendations implemented at clinic A versus the number of drug therapy problems (potential interventions) recognized and addressed by clinic B physicians independently of pharmacist intervention. Potential and actual savings were extrapolated to one year from the two-week study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implementation of interventions at clinic A was greater than at clinic B (p < 0.001). Drug therapy cost savings at clinic A were annualized to yield $185 per intervention. Potential cost savings of $176,724, or four times the pharmacist salary costs, is projected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An ambulatory care pharmacist is effective in identifying drug therapy problems, resulting in significant cost savings to the institution.
authors.affiliation: Portland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), OR 97207.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Colley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000191:economics*; D017046:Cost Savings; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009922:Oregon; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000191:economics*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010595:Pharmacists; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'