title: Atenolol or nicardipine alone is as efficacious in stable angina as their combination: a double blind randomised trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Beta blockers and calcium antagonists are widely used in the management of angina pectoris in the belief that the combination is more efficacious than either drug alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  This double blind randomised crossover placebo controlled study compares the effects of nicardipine, atenolol and their combination in 30 patients with chronic stable angina. Each treatment period lasted 6 weeks with dose titration after 3 weeks. Symptom limited treadmill exercise testing and radionuclide ventriculography at rest was carried out at the end of each treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total exercise duration and time to 1-mm ST-segment depression was significantly prolonged by nicardipine and atenolol when compared to placebo, the combination offered no additional benefit. Time to onset of angina was significantly prolonged by nicardipine and the combination but not by atenolol. Indices of left ventricular function were not significantly affected by any treatment other than an increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume on atenolol and the combination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicardipine and atenolol are equally effective in prolonging exercise duration and time to onset of ischemia in patients with chronic stable angina while the combination appeared to offer no additional benefit. Nicardipine prolonged the time to onset of angina significantly; again there was no further improvement with the combination. Neither drug appears to have an important effect on the parameters of diastolic function studied in patients with chronic stable angina.
authors.affiliation: Royal Brompton and National Heart Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parameshwar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keegan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mulcahy
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Phadke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sparrow
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001262:Atenolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015637:Gated Blood-Pool Imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001262:Atenolol; D009529:Nicardipine