title: Dependence of shunt on cardiac output in unilobar oleic acid edema. Distribution of ventilation and perfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In acute respiratory failure, increased cardiac output (Qt) increases shunt (Qs/Qt). We have tested if this is caused by: 1) a redistribution of blood flow towards edematous regions, or 2) a decrease of regional ventilation in the edematous region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oleic acid edema was induced in the left lower lobe (LLL) of 11 pigs. Qt was varied with bleeding and infusion of blood and dextran. Blood flow to the LLL was measured at low and high Qt with electromagnetic low probes in 6 animals and with a gamma camera in 5. In the gamma camera pigs regional ventilation was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Qt was increased by 45% (electromagnetic flow probes) and 73% (gamma camera). Qs/Qt increased from 24.9-31.3% (p < 0.05) and from 17.6-28.8% (p < 0.001) respectively. No change in fractional perfusion of LLL could be seen, neither with flow probes nor with gamma camera. A decrease in ventilation of LLL, 2.6%, was observed when Qt was increased (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Theoretically a small decrease in ventilation can explain the increase in shunt, if regions with low ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q) ratio are transformed to shunt. This is, however, unlikely since earlier studies have shown that blood flow is distributed either to regions with normal VA/Q ratio or to shunt regions. We conclude that the cardiac output dependent shunt is not caused by redistribution of blood flow between lobes or by decreased ventilation in the edematous region. We cannot exclude that blood flow is redistributed within the edematous lobe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Anaesthesiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fredén
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cigarini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mannting
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagberg
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lemaire
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hedenstierna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply*; D019301:Oleic Acid; D009829:Oleic Acids; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D014692:Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009829:Oleic Acids; D019301:Oleic Acid