title: Work-site cardiovascular risk reduction: a randomized trial of health risk assessment, education, counseling, and incentives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reports an efficacy trial of four work-site health promotion programs. It was predicted that strategies making use of behavioral counseling would produce a greater reduction in cardiovascular disease risk factors than screening and educational strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight work sites were randomly allocated to a health risk assessment, risk factor education, behavioral counseling, or behavioral counseling plus incentives intervention. Participants were assessed before the intervention and at 3, 6, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the average of the health risk assessment and risk factor education conditions, there were significantly higher validated continuous smoking cessation rates and smaller increases in body mass index and estimated percentage of body fat in the two behavioral counseling conditions. The behavioral counseling condition was associated with a greater reduction in mean blood pressure than was the behavioral counseling plus incentives condition. On average among all groups, there was a short-term increase in aerobic capacity followed by a return to baseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Work-site interventions that use behavioral approaches can produce lasting changes in some cardiovascular risk factors and, if implemented routinely, can have a significant public health impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oldenburg
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000379:methods*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol