title: Definitive postoperative irradiation of bile duct carcinoma with charged particles and/or photons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rates of survival and local control in patients with bile duct adenocarcinomas treated with post-operative photons and/or charged particles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed analyzing all patients with bile duct adenocarcinomas who received radiotherapy through the University of California San Francisco and at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory between 1977 and 1987, a total of 62 patients. University of California San Francisco patients received photon therapy (median dose 5400 cGy), and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory patients were treated with the charged particles helium and/or neon (median dose 6000 cGyE). Forty-eight patients were treated post-operatively with curative intent, 30 with photons and 18 with particles. Thirty-six patients in the study had gross residual disease; none had microscopically negative margins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall two-year actuarial survival was 28%: 44% for particle-treated patients and 18% for patients treated with photons (p = .048). Median actuarial survival was 23 months in particle patients and 12 months in photon patients. Local control was also improved, though less significantly, in patients treated with particles (median disease-free survival 20 months vs. 4.5 months, p = .054). A univariate and multivariate analysis was performed and revealed that only extent of residual disease predicted local failure and overall survival; no other prognostic factors were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to conventional photon radiotherapy, treatment with post-operative charged particle irradiation at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory appeared to offer a survival advantage in this non-randomized series. Additional investigation into protection of surrounding normal tissue with better dose localization through the use of charged particles is planned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0226.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schoenthaler
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Halberg
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006371:Helium; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009356:Neon; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006371:Helium; D009356:Neon