title: Intraoperative fluorescein angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fluorescein angiography is often beneficial in the evaluation and management of many retinal vascular diseases. However, vitreous blood or opacities may prevent fluorescein studies before pars plana vitrectomy. After vitrectomy, fluorescein angiography may be delayed, creating uncertainty over differentiation of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors have modified an intraocular light source and operating microscope to perform intraoperative fluorescein angiography easily. Twenty-five patients underwent fluorescein angiography during pars plana vitrectomy. All studies were recorded using a microscope-mounted video camera for intraoperative and postoperative evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, intraoperative angiography was performed without complication. Indications for intraoperative studies included confirmation of macular edema, delineation of avascular retina, and localization of retinal and choroidal neovascularization. All videotape recordings of procedures were of high quality, allowing easy review and interpretation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative fluorescein angiography is an easily performed adjunctive diagnostic procedure that can aid intraoperative evaluation and treatment of selected retinal vascular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville 37920.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Googe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bessler
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hoskins
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000601:surgery