title: Pretreatment sonographic evaluation of inguinal lymph nodes in patients with vulvar malignancy.
abstract: The state of the inguinal nodes is a major prognostic factor in vulvar carcinoma. Because of new surgical trends with selective inguinal lymphadenectomy, the preoperative evaluation of inguinal lymph nodes is essential for adequate treatment of vulvar carcinoma. To evaluate the adequacy of clinical examination and high-frequency transducer sonography in detecting metastatic inguinal lymph nodes, we studied 25 patients with vulvar malignancy who underwent operation. Histopathologically proved lymph node metastases were found in 11 (22%) of 50 inguinal areas studied. All of the suspected metastases were in patients with stage III-IV disease. The inguinal lymph node metastases were found by sonography in nine (82%), by preoperative palpation in one (9%), and by operative palpation in six (55%) of 11 areas. The difference between sonography and palpation was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 87% for sonography, 9% and 100% for preoperative palpation, and 55% and 90% for operative palpation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leminen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kääriäinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lehtovirta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology