title: Neuropsychological impairment and return to work following severe closed head injury: implications for clinical management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the rate and timing of return to work following severe closed head injury, and to compare the neuropsychological functioning of patients who successfully return to work with that of patients who fail to return to work.
  
  
  METHODS
  The vocational status, level of cognitive functioning and personality functioning of a consecutive series of 66 patients who survived severe closed head injury was assessed between six months and three years postinjury. The level of cognitive and personality functioning of patients who returned to work were compared with that of patients who failed to return to work.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty five percent of patients failed to return to work, and a further 17% returned to work under special conditions of employment. Failure to return to work was related to the degree of neuropsychological impairment (cognitive deficit and adverse personality change), injury severity (duration of posttraumatic amnesia), and age. Multiple regression analysis found the total number of neuropsychological symptoms to be the strongest predictor of the patients' return to work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that neuropsychological symptoms are the main mechanism through which severe brain injury affects the ability to return to work. It is recommended that vocational rehabilitation of severe closed head injury patients be based on a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychology Research and Training Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bishara
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Partridge
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004651:Employment; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010551:Personality