title: Clostridium difficile toxin A elicits Ca(2+)-independent cytotoxic effects in cultured normal rat intestinal crypt cells.
abstract: In rat intestinal crypt cells, Clostridium difficile toxin A induces (i) early cytoskeletal alterations involving the whole population and (ii) late effects in 30 to 40% of the cells, consisting mainly of surface blebbing and nuclear fragmentation. All these effects were Ca2+ independent and were not abolished by protein synthesis inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrastructures, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiorentini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicotera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thelestam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; C041348:tcdA protein, Clostridium difficile; D002118:Calcium