title: Intrathecal administration of amikacin for treatment of meningitis secondary to cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of gram-negative bacillary meningitis (GNBM) secondary to cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli that was treated with intrathecal and intravenous amikacin and intravenous imipenem/cilastatin (I/C).
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient who had undergone two recent neurosurgical procedures developed GNBM and bacteremia. He was treated empirically with ceftazidime. Both bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid isolates were identified as E. coli, resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins, tobramycin, and gentamicin. The patient was subsequently treated with intravenous and intrathecal amikacin plus intravenous I/C. He experienced subjective and objective improvement on days 2-4 of antimicrobial therapy; two generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred on days 7 and 12. Intrathecal amikacin was discontinued after 6 days, and intravenous amikacin and I/C were discontinued after 23 and 27 days, respectively. The patient's mental status did not completely return to premeningitis baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Third-generation cephalosporins are the treatment of choice for GNBM. In the case reported herein, bacterial resistance to these agents prompted the use of a therapy that has not been well studied and is also considered to be less safe and perhaps less efficacious. Treatment of GNBM with an intrathecally administered aminoglycoside or with intravenous I/C plus an aminoglycoside is reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with GNBM secondary to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant organisms may require therapies that may be less effective and more toxic. Further study of alternative agents is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy, NY 12208.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Briceland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000583:Amikacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015296:Ceftizoxime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015377:Cilastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077728:Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015377:Cilastatin; D015378:Imipenem; D000583:Amikacin; D000077728:Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination; D015296:Ceftizoxime