title: Randomized double-blind clinical trial of celiac plexus block for percutaneous biliary drainage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of celiac plexus block (CPB) as a method of providing analgesia for percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients scheduled to undergo PBD were prospectively assigned randomly into placebo (30 mL of normal saline) and treatment (30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine) CPB groups. Each patient received .03 mg/kg of midazolam for premedication before PBD and had access to a patient-controlled analgesia pump during the procedure. The pump was set to deliver 0.2 mg of midazolam and 25 micrograms of fentanyl per dose with a 3-minute lockout time. Vital signs, including heart rate and blood pressure, were continuously monitored during the procedure and recorded for comparison with baseline values. Patients completed a 10-point visual analogue pain scale following completion of their procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the placebo and treatment groups self-administered a mean of 2.0 and 1.85 mg of midazolam, respectively (P = .40), and a mean of 247 and 231 micrograms of fentanyl, respectively (P = .40). On a 10-point pain scale, the mean postprocedure versus preprocedure elevation in pain was 2.1 points in the placebo group versus 1.6 points in the treatment group (P = .60). Overall, the degree of satisfaction with the analgesia was equal in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that CPB is not an effective means of providing additional visceral pain relief over and above that which can be accomplished with self-administered intravenous medication for patients who undergo PBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Savader
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bourke
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Venbrux
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Trerotola
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grass
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gittelsohn
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Osterman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000698:Analgesia; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002447:Celiac Plexus; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000601:surgery*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010919:Placebos; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D008874:Midazolam; D002045:Bupivacaine