title: Analysis of multiple sugar probes in urine and plasma by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection. Application in the assessment of intestinal permeability in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: Mannitol, 3-O-methylglucose and lactulose administered orally are used to investigate small intestinal absorption pathways and mucosal integrity. Current methods of analysis include thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography (GC) and enzymatic analysis, which require separate estimation of mono- and disaccharides and for GC, prior derivatization. We describe a high-pressure anion-exchange chromatographic method coupled with pulsed electrochemical detection allowing simultaneous measurement of all three sugars and its clinical application in monitoring intestinal damage in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Sample preparation is simple and fast. All sugars are resolved within 10 min. Mean recovery is 93.3% for all sugars and the overall relative standard deviation is 4.2%. Intestinal permeability (lactulose/mannitol ratio) rises with disease progression to AIDS, indicating mucosal damage. The greatest increase in permeability is associated with chronic diarrhoea. The method is an ideal non-invasive test to assess gut mucosal damage in HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kynaston
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Laker
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kapembwa
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D019325:3-O-Methylglucose; D000328:Adult; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007792:Lactulose / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008757:Methylglucosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010539:Permeability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D008757:Methylglucosides; D019325:3-O-Methylglucose; D008353:Mannitol; D007792:Lactulose