title: Five cases of cranial duplication in calf.
abstract: Five cases of cranial duplications in calves were morphologically reported. Each calf had a single body with duplicated heads that showed various degrees of fusion. The medial sides of individual heads were asymmetrically supplied by the branches of hemilateral common carotid or lingual artery. No marked differences in the development of the duplicated head in any of the calves were observed. Cleft palates were observed in all heads. The development and general structures of the organs in the head and neck regions appeared to depend on the degree of duplication of the cranial nerves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otonari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nasu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002417:Cattle / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000662:veterinary; D006257:Head / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities