Maternal immunization with influenza or tetanus toxoid vaccine for passive antibody protection in young infants.
Women in the last trimester of pregnancy were given trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine (TIV; A/Sichuan/H3N2, A/Taiwan/H1N1, B/Victoria) or tetanus toxoid (TT). Maternal blood was drawn before immunization and at delivery (median, 5 weeks later); infant blood was obtained within 5 days of birth and 2 months later. Antibody responses to TIV and TT were determined by microneutralization assay and ELISA. T cell response was determined by lymphocyte proliferation. Maternal seroconversion to vaccine antigens was found to one or more influenza antigen in all TIV recipients and to TT in 9 of 13 TT recipients. Significantly higher IgG antibodies to maternal vaccine antigens were present in cord and infant serum. Significant blastogenic responses were seen to influenza A and B in maternal cells of TIV-immunized women but not in cord or infant lymphocytes. Maternal immunization resulted in higher infant levels of vaccine-specific IgG antibody but not in the transfer of specific T lymphocyte response(s) or production of neonatal IgM antibody.
Englund
J A
JA
Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
Mbawuike
I N
IN
Hammill
H
H
Holleman
M C
MC
Baxter
B D
BD
Glezen
W P
WP
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000917:Antibody Formation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D013742:Tetanus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid