title: Autonomic function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autonomic dysfunction has been found to be a powerful predictor of arrhythmic events and sudden death after myocardial infarction. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy carries a risk of sudden death and this risk is increased by the occurrence of syncope.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if autonomic dysfunction occurs in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and if it is associated with the occurrence of syncope.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autonomic function was measured in 30 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 15 with and 15 without a history of syncope, and in 28 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tests of parasympathetic activity showed that the mean (SD) variation in heart rate during deep breathing was reduced in patients compared with controls, 17 (9) v 22 (9) beats/min, p = 0.03, the Valsalva ratio was also reduced in patients, 1.52 (0.33) v 1.70 (0.36), p = 0.05 but the immediate heart rate response to standing, the 30:15 ratio, was similar in both groups. Tests of sympathetic activity--namely the diastolic blood pressure response to sustained handgrip and the change in systolic blood pressure on standing--did not differ between patients and controls. There was no significant difference in autonomic function between patients with and without a history of syncope. A secondary predetermined analysis showed that the degree of impairment in variation of heart rate with breathing was correlated with the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy, r = 0.39, p = 0.03.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a selective impairment of variability of heart rate with deep breathing and the Valsalva manoeuvre indicating decreased cardiac parasympathetic activity. The data suggest that the afferent limb of these reflexes is impaired and that the severity of impairment is related to the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Clinical Cardiology), Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gilligan
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sbarouni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nihoyannopoulos
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Oakley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013575:Syncope / Q000503:physiopathology; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology