title: Are adults content or continent after repair for high anal atresia? A long-term follow-up study in patients 18 years of age and older.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the current state of fecal and urinary continence in an extensive group of adults after operative correction for high anorectal malformations and how they cope with their incontinence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Normal fecal continence is hardly to be expected after correction for high anorectal malformation; despite this, it is commonly accepted that for most patients fecal continence improves with growing age and that most adult patients have no problems. Until now, however, few long-term follow-up studies in small groups of adults have been performed to assess continence after operative repair for high anorectal malformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight adult patients (median age, 26.0 years; range, 18.1 to 56.9 years) with an operatively corrected high anorectal malformation were evaluated by questionnaire with respect to their current state of fecal and urinary continence and mode of control of defecation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients have a permanent ileostoma or colostoma. Of the 51 patients with anal defecation, 61% control defecation by themselves, whereas 35% control defecation by using enemas or bowel irrigations, and 4% do not have any control at all. Besides medical therapy, 65% take dietary measures to influence defecation. According to existing scoring methods, 41% reached good and 49% fair control of defecation, whereas only 10% had poor control. Current control of defecation was reached from a median age of 15.0 years (range, 5 to 31 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conclusively, the authors can say that after correction for high anorectal malformation nobody reached normal fecal continence. Most patients with anal defecation reached good and fair control of defecation, however. Of all 58 patients, 84% are satisfied with their level of cleanliness.
authors.affiliation: Academic Hospital Nijmegen, Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hassink
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Rieu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Severijnen
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: vd Staak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Festen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D003672:Defecation; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology