title: An anatomical analysis of Aikido's second teaching: an investigation of Nikyo.
abstract: One of the strongest subduing techniques of the Martial Art Aikido is classified as Nikyo (Second-teaching). This investigation focused on examining this teaching with the intention of describing the anatomical tissues involved in the etiology of pain experienced with the application of this procedure. Particular focus was placed on the examination of a cadaver's arm musculature affected when this maneuver was applied precisely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Seitz
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D013663:Teaching