title: Familial aggregation of emotional and behavioral problems of childhood in the general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to evaluate the existence and implications of familial aggregation of emotional and behavioral problems of childhood in a general population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The children included in the study were chosen with the use of a sampling technique that identified households in which there were two or more children aged 4-16 years living at home at the time of the survey. Ratings on checklists of emotional and behavioral problems were obtained from parents, teachers of children in elementary school, and the children themselves if they were adolescents aged 12-16. Children were classified as having problems if their scores on scales of conduct, attention deficit, or emotional problems were in the top 10% of the distribution of scores from any informant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was evidence for familial aggregation of these problems, particularly conduct and emotional problems. However, this was largely derived from the parents' reports of symptoms, not the teachers' or adolescents' reports. The degree of familial aggregation varied according to certain sibship characteristics and patterns of comorbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Familial aggregation of emotional and behavioral problems does exist in a community population and is not simply an artifact of clinic attendance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szatmari
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Offord
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005190:Family; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010290:Parents; D012737:Sex Factors; D013663:Teaching