title: Expression of phospholamban mRNA during early avian muscle morphogenesis is distinct from that of alpha-actin.
abstract: We have studied the expression of phospholamban during the early development of chick embryos by in situ hybridization and have compared it to that of alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actin. In adult cross-striated muscles there is only one phospholamban gene and it is expressed exclusively in the heart and slow muscles. In the heart phospholamban transcripts were first detected at stage 14 in the region of presumptive ventricle and at stage 20 in the atrium. In the myotomal portion of the somites phospholamban mRNA was first detected at stage 20, which lagged behind the appearance of the alpha-actins. In the limb rudiments all three mRNAs were barely detectable through stage 24, but increased by stage 28+. However, quantitative analysis of signal intensity at stage 28+ indicated that less phospholamban mRNA is present in the limb bud than in the myotome since for phospholamban the ratio of the signal density in the myotome to that in the limb rudiments was about twice the value of the ratio determined for the alpha-actins. Northern blot analysis of embryonic day 11 chick fast pectoralis muscle showed that phospholamban mRNA was not detected in vivo while alpha-cardiac actin mRNA was. Moreover, no phospholamban mRNA was detected in primary cultures derived from pectoralis muscle of the same age. In concert with previous observations that phospholamban is not detectable at stage 30-32 in wing or thigh muscle, these results suggest that phospholamban mRNA is expressed independently of the alpha-actins in the limb buds during early myogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyofuku
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kordylewski
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000099211:Phospholamban
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000099211:Phospholamban