title: Intraoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced recurrent colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an effort to promote local control and improve quality of life in patients with recurrent colorectal cancer, a multimodality approach has been used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients were treated with moderate doses of pre/postoperative radiotherapy with/without simultaneous systemic chemotherapy, surgical re-resection and IORT electron boost over areas at high risk for local recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2-year actuarial disease-free and local relapse-free survival for the entire group were 14% and 26%, respectively. The most important factor predicting a favorable outcome was the radicality of surgical procedure. The determinate local control rate and the actuarial 2-year local relapse-free, and disease-free survival for patients undergoing complete resections were 50%, 56%, and 34%, respectively, whereas for patients undergoing partial resections these figures were 16%, 13%, and 6%. The radicality of surgical procedure was influenced by both tumoral size and previous treatment with irradiation. Complete resection rate was higher in patients with tumors less than 5 cm vs. more than 5 cm (40% vs. 22%), and in patients without previous radiotherapy versus those with previous radiotherapy (40% vs. 28%). Distant metastasis rate was high (41%). The most significant toxicities attributable to the whole treatment protocol were enteritis (37%), hydronephrosis (30%), and pelvic neuropathy (52%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently, our policy is to recommend IORT in patients with "favorable factors" such as: absence of previous pelvic radiotherapy, single previous surgical procedure, and complete resections.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abuchaibe
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Azinovic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aristu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Cienfuegos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004583:Electrons; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate