title: Anhydroretinol: a naturally occurring inhibitor of lymphocyte physiology.
abstract: Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential cofactor for growth of B lymphocytes in culture and for activation of T lymphocytes by antigen receptor-mediated signals. 14-hydroxy-4,14-retro-retinol (14-HRR) a metabolite of retinol, has been implicated as the intracellular mediator of this effect. Anhydroretinol (AR) is a retinol derivative with retro structure produced in activated human B lymphocytes and the insect cell lines SF 21 and Schneider S2. AR reversibly inhibits retinol- and 14-HRR-dependent effects and blocks B lymphocyte proliferation as well as activation of resting T lymphocytes. The intracellular signaling pathway blocked by AR in T cell activation is distinct from the calcineurin/interleukin 2 pathway inhibitable by cyclosporine A or FK-506.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grün
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Derguini
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noy
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hämmerling
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D014801:Vitamin A; C031469:anhydrovitamin A