title: Neoadjuvant M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) for infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Based on the excellent results with combination chemotherapy such as M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) in patients with advanced disease, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been advocated to improve survival and in some cases to permit bladder conservation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Phase II study of neoadjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy was performed in patients with T2-T4N0M0 bladder tumors. After clinical staging, three cycles of M-VAC were given. After patients underwent postchemotherapy clinical restaging, pathologic restaging (partial or radical cystectomy) was planned.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six patients are evaluable. A clinical response was attained in 78%. Six patients (13%) had stable disease, and four (9%) had progression. After chemotherapy, 17 patients underwent radical cystectomy, none of whom were pTO. In this group, 10 of the 17 (59%) are alive at a median follow-up of 37+ months (range, 8-62+ months). Eleven patients had a partial cystectomy; 7 of the 11 (64%) are alive, 6 (55%) with a preserved bladder. Eighteen patients had clinical restaging only, and did not have pathologic staging. Median follow-up for this group is 36+ months (11-65+ months). Twenty-one of the 29 (72%) patients managed with conservative surgery or transurethral resection of the bladder alone are alive with a functional bladder. Median survival for all patients has not yet been reached. Two-year survival is 82%, and 3-year survival is 70%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study is of interest in terms of bladder conservation. Assessment of the true success of any bladder-preserving treatment will require longer follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calabresi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Carli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Platania
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeuli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannarelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cancrini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pansadoro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015653:Cystectomy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014747:Vinblastine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D008727:Methotrexate