title: Adult children of alcoholics: narcissism, shame, and the differential effects of paternal and maternal alcoholism.
abstract: Recent clinical and research literature has suggested that having one or both parents alcoholic leads to higher levels of character pathology (Baker and Williamson 1989; Benson and Heller 1987; Berkowitz and Perkins 1988; Brown 1988; Hibbard 1987, 1989; Parker and Harford 1988; Plescia-Pikus et al. 1988; Soyster 1984; Wood 1987) than is normal for nonclinical adults. Only Berkowitz and Perkins (1988) have looked at what difference it may make as to which parent is identified as alcoholic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-0900.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hibbard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008398:Masochism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009289:Narcissism; D009769:Object Attachment; D010553:Personality Development; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012752:Shame; D012931:Social Environment