title: The ovary. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: CT and MR imaging can both contribute valuable clinical information in women with benign and malignant ovarian masses; the superior soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capabilities provided by MR imaging make it a valuable tool to evaluate the normal ovary, polycystic ovaries, endometriosis, and disorders of sexual differentiation. CT is currently the recommended modality to stage ovarian carcinoma, and peritoneal implants as small as 5 mm can be visualized. With the addition of contrast-enhanced images to conventional MR sequences, however, improved visualization of intratumoral architecture has also allowed for accurate MR characterization of benign versus malignant ovarian masses. Fat saturation techniques used with conventional MR sequences can also be used for definitive characterization of benign fat-containing teratomas and differentiate these tumors from hemorrhagic ovarian cysts or endometriomas. Finally, the detailed visualization of the normal-sized ovary on MR images provided by both the body coil and the new phased-array coil allows detection of the normal ovaries, ovarian follicles, and ovarian cysts throughout the premenopausal and postmenopausal years. Findings of polycystic ovarian syndrome, which cannot be evaluated by CT, are characteristic on MR images. MR is unparalleled in the evaluation of disorders of sexual differentiation because MR images can depict ectopic and normally positioned gonads and provide multiplanar depiction of the other pelvic organs and perineum as well. CT and MR imaging can provide valuable and specific clinical information about the ovary and benign and malignant ovarian disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Occhipinti
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hricak
mesh_terms: D003884:Dermoid Cyst / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006059:Gonadal Dysgenesis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010053:Ovary / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed