title: Effects of growth factors and growth factor-extracellular matrix interactions on mouse trophoblast outgrowth in vitro.
abstract: A variety of cell types at the blastocyst implantation site produce growth factors that could play important role(s) in the implantation process. Recent evidence indicates that decidual cells and/or embryos produce transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). Furthermore, receptors for EGF, PDGF, and CSF-1 have been detected on embryonic and trophoblastic cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of these growth factors and possibly growth factor-extracellular matrix interactions on mouse blastocyst attachment and trophoblast outgrowth in vitro. Various dilutions of the growth factors TGF-alpha, EGF, PDGF, FGF, and CSF-1 were added to cultures of 5-day-old hatched blastocysts in fibronectin-coated plastic wells. Blastocysts were scored for attachment, trophoblast outgrowth, and surface area at 24, 48, and 72 h. Each of these growth factors significantly enhanced trophoblast outgrowth, and a cocktail containing all of the growth factors had a significantly stronger effect. PDGF and FGF, but no other growth factors, also enhanced trophoblast outgrowth following pulsatile incubation with the fibronectin matrix coating of the culture wells, indicating that interactions between these growth factors and extracellular matrix elements could influence implantation. This study suggests that various growth factors may play an important role in the implantation process, that synergistic effects may be obtained by combinations of growth factors, and that interactions between certain growth factors and extracellular matrix elements may be significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Fearing Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haimovici
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor