title: Blood transfusion practices and blood-banking services in a Kenyan hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify ways to improve the operation of blood-screening programs and to decrease the inappropriate use of blood by evaluating blood-transfusion practices and blood-banking services in a Kenyan hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in a rural district hospital in western Kenya between September 1990 and July 1991.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data on all transfusion requests (blood donation, grouping, HIV screening) and blood recipients (age, sex, diagnosis, and for a 3-month period on the pediatric, maternity, and female wards, admission hemoglobin and outcome).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 11-month study period, 799 patients received 927 transfusions: 67% were children < 15 years of age, 27% were adult women and 6% were adult men. Transfusions were often delayed due to reliance on patient-recruited donors. Patients who received blood donated on or after the date of request waited longer for transfusion (median, 3 days) than patients who received blood that had been banked and screened before the request (median, 1 day). Patient-recruited donors had a higher HIV-seropositivity rate than volunteer donors (13.4 and 4.6%, respectively; chi 2 test, P < 0.001). Overall, 47% of pediatric transfusions were classified as inappropriate: 23% did not meet the criteria of having hemoglobin < 5.0 g/dl and clinical evidence of respiratory distress, and 27% were transfused 2 or more days after requested. Among adults, 68% received one unit of blood or less.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved laboratory services, reduction of unnecessary transfusions, and increased recruitment of volunteer donors are critical for improving the appropriate and timely use of blood and reducing transfusion-associated HIV transmission.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lackritz
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Ruebush
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zucker
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Adungosi
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Were
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000094902:Blood Banking / Q000379:methods*; D001782:Blood Donors; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012424:Rural Population; D013997:Time Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction