title: Repeated exposure to the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Information-Memory-Concentration Test results in a practice effect in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: We analyzed short-term variation of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Information-Memory-Concentration (IMC) Test scores in 39 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), tested four times over 6 weeks. Although analysis of variance had failed to show a significant "learning" effect or other trends, we reexamined the data using repeated measures models, with and without a learning effect. In the model without a learning effect, mean MMSE scores decreased minimally and mean IMC scores decreased by 0.84 points over 6 weeks. In the model that allowed a potential learning effect between the first and second test sessions, scores increased significantly, by 1.12 +/- 0.47 points for the MMSE and 1.04 +/- 0.43 points for the IMC Test. Patients' test scores predicted from the models had less variability than did their raw scores. The short-term practice effect, although small, should be considered in interpreting changes in scores, especially in therapeutic studies in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galasko
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corey-Bloom
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Thal
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008568:Memory; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales