title: Cholinergic transmitter and neurotrophic activities in Lewy body dementia: similarity to Parkinson's and distinction from Alzheimer disease.
abstract: Senile dementia of Lewy body type or Lewy body dementia (LBD), characterized neuropathologically by the presence of Lewy bodies in the brainstem and cortex, and in most cases neocortical senile plaques (but few or no tangles), bears a closer resemblance to Parkinson's (PD) than to Alzheimer disease (AD) in its cholinergic neurochemical pathology. Thus, reductions in the biochemical activity of choline acetyltransferase were generally more extensive in neo- as opposed to archicortical regions in LBD (especially hallucinating cases) and in PD, whereas muscarinic receptor binding was significantly increased in LBD and PD but not in AD. Nerve growth factor receptor (P75) assessed immunocytochemically in the archicortex were decreased in PD and, to a lesser extent, in LBD in conjunction with reductions of neuronal numbers in the nucleus of Meynert (Ch4), but were relatively spared in AD. These observations indicate that although AD is primarily associated with dysfunction of cholinergic axonal input to the cortex, LBD and PD are more likely to involve degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic system. Relevance of the findings in terms of aetiopathology and cholinergic treatment strategies is discussed.
authors.affiliation: MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Irving
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kerwin
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: McKeith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collerton
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fairbairn
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Ince
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000032:analysis*; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000032:analysis*; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000032:analysis*; D013377:Substantia Innominata / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase