title: Presence of telomeric and subtelomeric sequences at the fusion points of ring chromosomes indicates that the ring syndrome is caused by ring instability.
abstract: In situ hybridization of a telomeric (TTA-GGG)n sequence to metaphases from three cases of ring chromosome, involving respectively chromosomes 4, 16, and 20, showed the presence of the cognate sequences in all three rings. To investigate whether these ring chromosomes originated by telomere-telomere fusion, we determined, by in situ hybridization, whether telomere-associated sequences and/or specific distal sequences were still present in the ring chromosomes. The finding that these sequences were preserved in all the ring chromosomes strongly indicates that they originated by telomere-telomere fusion. All three subjects carrying the ring chromosomes are affected by the so-called ring syndrome, with failure to thrive, minor dysmorphic signs and no major anomalies. The r(4) patient has the ring in mosaic form with a normal cell line and has normal intelligence. The r(16) and the r(20) patients have moderate mental retardation and suffer from seizures. We conclude that the ring syndrome, even in its more severe manifestation, is caused by ring chromosome instability.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Citogenetica-Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pezzolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gimelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavaggetto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fogu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zuffardi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16; D002890:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D012303:Ring Chromosomes; D013577:Syndrome; D016615:Telomere