title: Interferon-alpha-2b enhances the natural killer activity of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is associated with alterations in the immune system of the host. The authors demonstrated that in patients with bladder carcinoma there is a negative correlation between the levels of natural killer (NK) activity and the clinical evolution and pathologic stages of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors investigated the effect of various doses of recombinant interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha-2b) for variable periods of culture on the nonmajor histocompatibility-restricted cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) with or without CD16 and CD3-depleted populations from patients with superficial (confined to the mucosa or lamina propria) and infiltrative (those infiltrating beyond the lamina propria) TCC of the bladder using 4-hour 51-sodium chromate (51Cr)-release cytotoxicity assays against both NK-sensitive (K562) and NK-resistant (JY) tumor target cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The normal NK activity detected in PBMNC from patients with superficial TCC of the bladder can be significantly enhanced by short-term (18-hour) incubation with recombinant IFN-alpha (P < 0.05). The depressed NK cytotoxic activity found in PBMNC from patients with infiltrative TCC can also be significantly enhanced, but not normalized, by short-term (18-hour) incubation with recombinant IFN-alpha (P < 0.05). Short-term recombinant IFN-alpha-incubated PBMNC from patients with superficial, but not infiltrative, TCC of the bladder also showed marked cytotoxic activity against NK-resistant target cells. By selection with CD16 or CD3 monoclonal antibodies and complement, it was also found that the precursor and effector lymphocytes of this recombinant IFN-alpha-promoted cytotoxicity belong to NK lineage. In kinetic studies, it was found that the maximal levels of the recombinant IFN-alpha-promoted cytotoxic activity against NK-sensitive and NK-resistant target cells in PBMNC from patients with TCC were reached after 18 hours of culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recombinant IFN-alpha can enhance the nonmajor histocompatibility-restricted cytotoxic activity of PBMNC from patients with TCC of the bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (Service of Urology), Clínica Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carballido
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Moltó
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manzano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Salmerón
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez de Mon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins