title: Structural organization and chromosomal assignment of the gene encoding the human heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor/diphtheria toxin receptor.
abstract: Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a recently identified, potent smooth muscle cell mitogen of macrophage origin. It is expressed in a highly regulated fashion in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, indicating a potentially important role for this gene in atherosclerosis. In addition, the HB-EGF precursor has recently been found to function as a receptor for diphtheria toxin. Using an HB-EGF cDNA probe, we cloned the human gene encoding HB-EGF. The HB-EGF gene contains six exons and five intervening sequences spanning 14 kb of DNA. By primer extension and S1 nuclease analysis, we located a major transcription start site (corresponding to an A residue) 14 bp beyond the 5' end of the HB-EGF cDNA. There were no TATAAA or CCAAT consensus sequences upstream of the transcription start site. The density of primer extension bands generated by RNA from endothelial cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was 10 times higher than that of bands generated by the control, indicating that TNF-alpha increased the level of HB-EGF mRNA. Using transient reporter gene transfection experiments, we show that 2.0 kb of HB-EGF 5'-flanking sequence has promoter activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells. By analysis of DNA isolated from human-mouse somatic hybrid cell lines, we assign the HB-EGF gene to chromosome 5. By functional study, chromosome 5 has been associated with diphtheria toxin susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fen
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dhadly
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hilkert
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quertermous
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Eddy
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Shows
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D006801:Humans; D006822:Hybrid Cells; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C587883:HBEGF protein, human; C587884:Hbegf protein, mouse; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase