title: Heat sterilization of fluids for peritoneal dialysis gives rise to aldehydes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To chemically identify and quantify glucose degradation products in heat sterilized fluids for peritoneal dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different brands of commercial PD-fluids and one laboratory made fluid, sterilized either by heat or filtration, were investigated for the presence of aldehydes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aldehydes were identified and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tested brands of heat sterilized PD-fluids were found to contain several different aldehydes while the sterile filtered PD-fluid contained none. The highest concentrations in commercial PD-fluids of these aldehydes were: acetaldehyde (420 microns), glyoxal (14 microns), methylglyoxal (12 microns) and formaldehyde (11 microns). Valeraldehyde was also identified but not quantified. The presence of 5-HMF (15 microns) and 2-furaldehyde (2 microns), which has been identified by others, was confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The heat sterilization of commercial PD-fluids gives rise to several aldehydes which may contribute to adverse effects of PD-fluids on patients.
authors.affiliation: Regulatory Affairs and Medical Research, Gambro Lundia AB, Sweden.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Nilsson-Thorell
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muscalu
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Andrén
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Kjellstrand
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wieslander
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000032:analysis*; D005374:Filtration; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D013242:Sterilization
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D015314:Dialysis Solutions