title: A hospital-based study on the use of paramedical personnel for clinical downstaging of cancer cervix.
abstract: Two auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) were recruited and trained to recognize normal and different types of abnormal cervices. A total of 2102 women were examined by a gynaecologist and ANM independently and their findings were noted. Comparison of their findings showed an overall agreement of 89.6 per cent (Kappa 0.84 with standard error of 0.015 and a significantly large Z value of 55.6). Gross examination of 4679 women attending the Gynaecology OPD revealed normal cervix in 49.6 per cent and suspected lesions or malignant cervix in 3.4 per cent of women. Cytology smears were taken in 3608 women. Adequacy of smears was 97 per cent. Comparing the group clinically diagnosed as highly suspected or malignant to the cytologically diagnosed suspected group (atypical and malignant), clinical examination had a sensitivity of 81.7 per cent and specificity of 97.3 per cent; while comparison of the group clinically diagnosed as abnormal cervix to abnormal cytology (all grades of dysplasia, atypical and malignant cells), the clinical examination had a sensitivity of 92.5 per cent and specificity of 37.4 per cent. It was concluded that paramedical staff (ANMs) can be relied upon to do speculum examination in women in the community and take cytology smears in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Anandalakshmy
mesh_terms: D000488:Allied Health Personnel; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009721:Nurse Midwives; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears