title: Antihepatotoxic effects of major diterpenoid constituents of Andrographis paniculata.
abstract: The diterpenes andrographolide (I), andrographiside (II) and neoandrographolide (III) isolated from Andrographis paniculata were investigated for their protective effects on hepatotoxicity induced in mice by carbon tetrachloride or tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) intoxication. Pretreatment of mice with the diterpenes (I, II & III; 100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 consecutive days produced significant reduction in malondialdehyde formation, reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and enzymatic leakage of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in either group of the toxin-treated animals. A comparison with the known hepatoprotective agent silymarin revealed that I exhibited a lower protective potential than II and III, which were as effective as silymarin with respect to their effects on the formation of the degradation products of lipid peroxidation and release of GPT and AP in the serum. GSH status was returned to normal only by III. The greater protective activity of II and III could be due to their glucoside groups which may act as strong antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapil
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Koul
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D010545:Peroxides / Q000633:toxicity; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005960:Glucosides; D010545:Peroxides; D012838:Silymarin; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; C030419:andrographolide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C036457:andrographoside; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005978:Glutathione; C082497:neoandrographolide