title: Comparative anatomical studies of arteriographs of the hand and foot in primates including man.
abstract: In this study we have tried not only to report the variations in the arteries of the hand in Hominoidea (Pongidae and Hominidae) and the frequency with which these deviations occur, but also to deal with them phylogenetically and ontogenically. The arterial system of the human hand and foot are considered to have changed from the ground plan of Old World monkeys. In this paper, the entire arterial system of the primates including man (Cercopithecidae, Pongidae and Hominidae) is discussed in a stereoscopic analysis of angiographs. In the hand, a three-dimensional angiographic analysis of the deep palmar arterial arches and their correlating arteries revealed the following features. In Cercopithecidae, 3 deep palmar arches are formed by branches of the 2nd dorsal metacarpal artery: 2 proximal arches (the catella volaris proximalis and arcus volaris profundus) and 1 distal arch (the catella volaris distalis). The palmar intermetacarpal arteries arise from the catella volaris proximalis and the palmar metacarpal arteries arise from the arcus volaris profundus. In Pongidae, the arches are formed by the perforating branches of the 1st dorsal metacarpal artery, and the catella volaris proximalis is more developed than the arcus volaris profundus. In Hominidae, the arches are formed by the perforating branches of the 1st dorsal metacarpal artery, and they consist of the arcus volaris profundus and an incomplete catella volaris distalis. This change may have been caused by the development of the thumb and its effect on finger movements. In the foot of Macaques, the saphenous artery, instead of the anterior tibial artery, reaches the dorsum of the foot and its branches supply most of the foot. The dorsal arteries are dominant as far as the metatarsal spaces of the lateral four toes. The 2nd dorsal metatarsal artery shows a tendency to be the single dominant artery and to give rise to even 4th plantar common digital artery through the catella plantaris distalis. This tendency was observed more clearly in other macaque species than the Japanese monkey. The perforating branch at the second proximal metatarsal space forms the arcus plantaris profundus, which is accompanied by the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve. Beneath the arch, the catella plantaris proximalis is formed on the metatarsal bones among the perforating branches of dorsal metatarsal arteries. The posterior tibial artery forms the arcus plantaris superficialis, whose thin branches commonly enter the plantar common digital arteries. As described above, some similar arterial patterns in the hand and foot are ones that are secondarily acquired in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshii
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D002520:Cercopithecidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005528:Foot / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015186:Hominidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D011323:Primates / Q000033:anatomy & histology*