title: Punishment as a factor in preventing alcohol-related accidents.
abstract: As a humanitarian and economic 'bad', infliction of punishment requires justification in terms of compensating achievements, as well as moral appropriateness. In the context of road accidents, there is evidence that increasing the certainty and swiftness of threatened punishment may deter risky behavior, although increasing the severity of the threat seems ineffective. These effects may be generalizable to other kinds of accidents, but empirical evidence is lacking. A further possibility for the justifiable use of punishment is in its application to negligent service of alcohol.
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D006801:Humans; D011678:Punishment; D012309:Risk-Taking