title: Safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a community setting, N = 762.
abstract: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) can be introduced into a community with morbidity and mortality rates equal to that of open cholecystectomy. The entire general surgical community of Greensboro, NC, learned the technique of LC on animal models prior to offering this innovation to the community. Over the ensuing 12 months, they served as surgeons or assistant surgeons to each other on 762 LCs with morbidity and mortality rates comparable to open cholecystectomy. This retrospective study examined the first 1 year of experience beginning 8/13/90. This work represents all of the LCs performed in Greensboro, and all of the surgeons participated in this review. All of the surgeries were done with an electrocautery and utilized a 0 degree forward-viewing scope. Cases were performed at two hospitals with a surgeon as both operator and assistant, and no effort was made to exclude high-risk or elderly patients from this procedure. Patients averaged 50 years of age and ranged from 14 to 96 years. Static cholangiograms were performed in 27% of patients. Conversion to open cholecystectomy was seen in 4.8%. There were two cardiac deaths (0.26%) and significant complications were seen in 3.4%. Seven patients required reoperations. There were no major common bile duct injuries. This retrospective review indicates that this new procedure can be introduced into a community setting by novice laparoscopic surgeons acting both as operators and assistant with a morbidity and mortality rate comparable to that reported for open cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, Greensboro, NC 27401.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arkin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ballen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blievernicht
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farley
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoxworth
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ingram
mesh_terms: D002758:Cholangiography; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies