Enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids in suckling pigs by maternal dietary fish oil supplementation.
This study was designed to determine whether substituting menhaden fish oil (FO) for lard (LA) in a practical sow diet was a suitable method for enriching newborn pigs with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). On d 107 of gestation, 18 crossbred sows were randomly allotted to one of three experimental diets, in which FO was substituted for LA at 0, 3.5, and 7% of the diet. On d 1, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing samples of milk and serum from the sows and pig serum were collected for fatty acid analysis. The content of n-3 PUFA in the serum of sows fed FO increased six-fold over that in serum of LA-fed sows P < .0001). Feeding FO decreased the levels of arachidonic acid in maternal serum by approximately 50% (P < .0001). Similar changes were reflected in the fatty acid profiles of sow's milk. Pig serum n-3 PUFA levels were elevated over 5- and 10-fold within 24 h of birth in those litters born to sows fed 3.5 and 7% fish oil, respectively. Eicosapentaenoic acid levels in pig serum increased linearly (P < .01) during the first 2 wk postnatally in pigs suckling FO-feds sows and accounted for as much as 12% of the total fatty acids present on d 21. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that feeding FO to sows during late gestation and lactation enriches the newborn pig with n-3 PUFA.
Fritsche
K L
KL
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
Huang
S C
SC
Cassity
N A
NA
D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000378:metabolism*; D001724:Birth Weight; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008098:Litter Size; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D015430:Weight Gain
D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils