title: Online repositioning during treatment of the prostate: a study of potential limits and gains.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With on-line portal imaging devices and image registration tools, the verification of radiation field position prior to each treatment becomes technically feasible. In this paper, we analyze the impact of pre-treatment verification and field position adjustment on target coverage and normal tissue sparing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Port films were compared with corresponding simulation films to determine the magnitude of setup variations in patients treated for prostate cancer. From these data, an analytic function was determined between geometric coverage of the target and field margin size. A paradigm for on-line patient repositioning was employed to generate a new relationship between margin and target coverage. Margins were selected for the situations of normal treatment and on-line repositioning to ensure target coverage. Dose-volume histograms were generated for a typical prostate treatment using these margins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On-line repositioning, when setup errors exceed 1 cm, results in a 6 mm reduction in margin, suggesting that 10% of the volume of bladder and rectum may be spared of high dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of on-line imaging and image registration to guide adjustment of patient setup may lead to a reduction in the volume of normal tissues irradiated, and possibly improve the probability of complication-free survival in future treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Balter
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pelizzari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnasamy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011859:Radiography; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*