title: Thrombin receptor activating peptides induce Ca2+ mobilization, barrier dysfunction, prostaglandin synthesis, and platelet-derived growth factor mRNA expression in cultured endothelium.
abstract: Endothelial cell activation by thrombin is a key event in wound healing, inflammation, and hemostasis. To better define thrombin-endothelial cell interactions we synthesized several peptides of varying length corresponding to the initial 14 amino acid sequence of the cloned human platelet thrombin receptor after cleavage at an arginine41 site (R/SFLLRNPNDKYEPF). Thrombin receptor activating peptides (TRAPs) as short as 5 amino acids induced significant levels of PGI2 synthesis and expression of PDGF mRNA in human endothelium and produced dose-dependent cellular contraction and permeability of confluent human umbilical vein and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers. To explore whether TRAPs utilized similar signal transducing pathways as alpha-thrombin to accomplish endothelial cell activation, phospholipase C production of the Ca2+ secretagogue IP3 was measured and detected 10 seconds after either TRAP 7 or alpha-thrombin. Furthermore, TRAPs ranging from 5-14 residues induced significant dose-dependent increases in Fura-2 fluorescence indicative of Ca2+(1) mobilization. These results indicate that thrombin-mediated proteolytic cleavage of the human and bovine thrombin receptor initiates stimulus/coupling responses such phospholipase C activation, Ca2+ mobilization, and protein kinase C activation. The functional consequence of this cellular activation via the cleaved receptor is enhanced cellular contraction, barrier dysfunction, PGI2 synthesis, and expression of PDGF mRNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bahler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aschner
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: English
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C072032:thrombin receptor peptide (42-55); D011464:Epoprostenol; D013917:Thrombin; D002118:Calcium