title: Prolonged regional nerve blockade by controlled release of local anesthetic from a biodegradable polymer matrix.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prolonged nerve blockade is potentially useful in the management of many acute and chronic pain problems. Aside from infusions via an indwelling catheter, most currently available nondestructive techniques for prolonging local anesthetic action cannot provide more than 1-2 days of blockade. Bioerodible polymer matrixes have been used to deliver a variety of drugs in patients and animals for periods lasting weeks to years. Previously, dibucaine and bupivacaine were incorporated into copolymers of 1,3 bis(p-carboxyphenoxy) propane-sebacic acid anhydride (1:4), and demonstrated sustained release in vitro following incubation of the drug-polymer matrixes in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, cylindrical pellets made from polymer matrixes incorporated with bupivacaine-HCl were implanted surgically along the sciatic nerves of rats. Neural block was assessed by direct observation of motor skills and by leg-withdrawal latency to a hot surface. Biochemical and histologic examinations were performed 2 weeks after implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensory and motor blockade was produced for periods ranging from 2 to 6 days. Contralateral control legs receiving polymer implants without drug showed no block. Blockade was reversible, and animals appeared to recover sensory and motor function normally. Biochemical indexes of nerve and muscle function were indistinguishable from contralateral controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This biodegradable polymer system provides a promising new alternative for the delivery of local anesthetics to peripheral nerves to produce prolonged blockade for the management of acute and chronic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Masters
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Berde
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Griggs
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kupsky
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004343:Drug Implants; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block; D011108:Polymers; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D001798:Blood Proteins; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004343:Drug Implants; D011108:Polymers; D002045:Bupivacaine