title: Use of hormonal contraceptives in an institutional setting: reasons for use, consent and safety in women with psychiatric and intellectual disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of hormonal contraceptives in institutionalised women with psychiatric and/or intellectual disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who had been disability or mental health service inpatients for six months or more and were prescribed hormonal contraceptives were included. Data were collected from their clinical files and from structured interviews of the women and of their primary care givers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty two women were prescribed contraceptives, of whom 23 were intellectually disabled and 28 had mental illnesses. Most women had no children; four had had one child and two, two children. Thirteen were not sexually active. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo Provera) was prescribed for 69%, combined oral contraceptive agents for 14% and progestin-only oral contraceptives for 17%. Contraceptives were initially prescribed by hospital staff for all but 1 woman, and were administered without consent for over half the group, including 11 women for whom this administration was not legally authorized. Less than half the group had blood pressure measured within the previous 12 months and only a third had a cervical smear within the previous 3 years. Of the women who were sexually active, less than half knew how to protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases and less than 10% regularly used condoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in reproductive health care for these women are needed, in particular attention to education and client participation in decisions about contraceptive treatment. It is suggested that gynaecological and family planning services be provided separately from psychiatric services.
authors.affiliation: Porirua Hospital, Wellington.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Siegert
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fairley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D030881:Disclosure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D007326:Institutionalization; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D001523:Mental Disorders; D028642:Persons with Psychiatric Disorders; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital; D012725:Sexual Behavior
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate