title: Insulin resistance, hypertension and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
abstract: We examined the impact of hypertension and microalbuminuria on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus using the euglycaemic insulin clamp technique in 52 Type 2 diabetic patients and in 19 healthy control subjects. Twenty-five diabetic patients had hypertension and 19 had microalbuminuria. Hypertension per se was associated with a 27% reduction in the rate of total glucose metabolism and a 40% reduction in the rate of non-oxidative glucose metabolism compared with normotensive Type 2 diabetic patients (both p < 0.001). Glucose metabolism was also impaired in normotensive microalbuminuric patients compared with normotensive normoalbuminuric patients (29.4 +/- 2.2 vs 40.5 +/- 2.8 mumol.kg lean body mass-1.min-1; p = 0.012), primarily due to a reduction in non-oxidative glucose metabolism (12.7 +/- 2.9 vs 21.1 +/- 2.6 mumol.kg lean body mass-1.min-1; p = 0.06). In a factorial ANOVA design, however, only hypertension (p = 0.008) and the combination of hypertension and microalbuminuria (p = 0.030) were significantly associated with the rate of glucose metabolism. The highest triglyceride and lowest HDL cholesterol concentrations were observed in Type 2 diabetic patients with both hypertension and microalbuminuria. Of note, glucose metabolism was indistinguishable from that in control subjects in Type 2 diabetic patients without hypertension and microalbuminuria (40.5 +/- 2.8 vs 44.4 +/- 2.8 mumol.kg lean body mass-1.min-1). We conclude that insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes is predominantly associated with either hypertension or microalbuminuria or with both.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekstrand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forsblom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Widén
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Teppo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D005215:Fasting; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D002784:Cholesterol; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides