title: Assessment of myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma: transvaginal sonography vs contrast-enhanced MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective study was designed to compare transvaginal sonography with contrast-enhanced MR imaging to determine preoperatively the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 40 patients, findings on transvaginal sonograms, unenhanced T2-weighted MR images, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Mr images were compared with histologic findings. The depth of myometrial invasion was classified as stage E (tumor limited to endometrium, n = 12), stage S (superficial invasion: tumor invades up to 50% of the myometrium, n = 15), or stage D (deep invasion: tumor invades more than 50% of the myometrium, n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings on transvaginal sonograms were accurate in 27 of 40 patients (accuracy, 68%); the depth of invasion was overestimated in five patients and underestimated in eight patients. The results of unenhanced T2-weighted MR images were accurate in 27 patients (accuracy, 68%), with four overestimations and nine underestimations. The results of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images were accurate in 34 patients (accuracy, 85%), with five underestimations and one overestimation. In the assessment of each stage of myometrial invasion, the sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging were higher than those of T2-weighted MR imaging and transvaginal sonography. The false-positive diagnoses based on transvaginal sonograms and T2-weighted images, respectively, involved polypoid tumors (n = 4 and 2), distension of the endometrial cavity by pyometra (n = 2 and 1), the presence of myoma (n = 2 and 1), atrophy of the myometrium (n = 1 and 0), and poor tumor/myometrium contrast (n = 0 and 2). On contrast-enhanced MR images, accuracy was influenced only in a case of polypoid tumor, because tumor, endometrial cavity, and myometrium were clearly distinguished and residual myometrium was clearly visualized. With all imaging techniques, false-negative diagnoses were caused mainly by tumors with superficially spreading growth or microscopic invasion. With transvaginal sonography, infiltrative tumor also tended to be understaged (n = 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast-enhanced MR imaging is significantly superior to transvaginal sonography and unenhanced T2-weighted MR imaging for detecting myometrial invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torashima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushijima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009215:Myometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography