title: Effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on neutrophil function in neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of long-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support on neutrophil function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, clinical investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pediatric intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of patients: ECMO group 1, newborns after 1 day of ECMO support (n = 10); ECMO group 2, newborns after 5 days of ECMO support (n = 6); group 3, normal newborns (n = 20); group 4, normal adults (n = 30).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two mL of heparinized blood was obtained from patients in each group. A modification of the Smith and Rommel technique was used to measure neutrophil phagocytosis and killing utilizing live Candida tropicalis as the test organism. Neutrophils were incubated for 90 mins in normal adult serum with live Candida. Viability of Candida after phagocytosis was tested by vital fluorochrome staining. Phagocytic index (the number of neutrophils with intracytoplasmic Candida divided by the total neutrophils) and candidicidal ratio (neutrophils with dead Candida divided by total neutrophils with Candida) were determined daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neutrophils from ECMO group 1 (day 1) and ECMO group 2 (day 5) patients had significantly higher phagocytosis indices (72.8 +/- 20 and 76 +/- 18) and candidicidal ratios (0.15 +/- 0.1 and 0.16 +/- 0.09) compared with neutrophils from group 3 patients (normal neonates) (64 +/- 7 and 0.06 +/- 0.04). The phagocytosis indices were significantly lower in neutrophils from ECMO group 1 (day 1) and ECMO group 2 (day 5) patients compared with group 4 (adults) patients (86 +/- 9). However, the candidicidal ratios in neutrophils from ECMO groups 1 and 2 (ECMO day 1 and day 5) patients were equal to that value in group 4 (adults) (0.10 +/- 0.04). ECMO support for 5 days (ECMO group 2 vs. group 1) did not significantly change either the phagocytosis index or candidicidal ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phagocytosis and intracellular killing by neutrophils of ECMO-supported neonates were significantly greater than those values found in normal newborns. ECMO support for 5 days produced no significant changes in neutrophil phagocytosis or killing.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: DePuydt
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Schuit
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002175:Candida; D004804:Eosinophils; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes