title: Urologic consequences of myelodysplasia and other congenital abnormalities of the spinal cord.
abstract: Spina bifida and other congenital abnormalities of the spinal cord are relatively common (1 per 1000 births). Early urologic evaluation to determine the extent of neurologic involvement of the lower urinary tract is essential. Urodynamic studies are important in determining voiding pressure and leak pressure and in classifying the type of detrusor and sphincter dysfunction. Therapy is directed toward preservation of the upper tracts. Many nonsurgical (clean intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic drugs) and surgical procedures allow the child to be continent and maintain a normal upper urinary tract. The importance of follow-up is stressed because neurourologic changes frequently occur, and prompt treatment or change of therapy is essential. Today, children with spina bifida are leading healthy, productive lives. A continued multidisciplinary approach to their care is important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Selzman
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Mapstone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000002:abnormalities*; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy