title: The structures and biological activities of the lipo-oligosaccharide nodulation signals produced by type I and II strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
abstract: Bradyrhizobium japonicum produces lipo-oligosaccharide signal molecules that induce deformation of root hairs and meristematic activity on soybeans. B. japonicum USDA135 (a Type I strain) produces modified chitin pentasaccharide molecules with either a terminal N-C16:0- or N-C18:1-glucosamine with and without an O-acetyl group at C-6 and with 2-O-methylfucose linked to C-6 of the reducing N-acetylglucosamine. An additional molecule has N-C16:1-glucosamine and no O-acetyl group. All of these molecules cause root hair deformation on Vicia sativa and Glycine soja. The C18:1-containing molecules were tested and found to induce meristem formation on G. soja. USDA61 (a Type II strain) produces eight additional molecules. Five have a carbamoyl group on the terminal N-acylglucosamine. Six have chitin tetrasaccharide backbones. Three have a terminal N-acyl-N-methylglucosaminosyl residue. In four molecules, the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine is glycosidically linked to glycerol and has a branching fucosyl, rather than a 2-O-methylfucosyl, residue. One molecule has a terminal N-acylglucosamine that has both acetyl and carbamoyl groups (one each).
authors.affiliation: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-4712.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanjuan
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glushka
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Spaink
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wijfjes
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van Brussel
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Stokkermans
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stacey
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D012230:Rhizobiaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D016339:Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D002241:Carbohydrates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C023023:lipid-linked oligosaccharides