title: Presence of estrogen-binding sites on macrophage-like synoviocytes and CD8+, CD29+, CD45RO+ T lymphocytes in normal and rheumatoid synovium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the presence of estrogen-binding sites (EBS) in the synovial tissues of male and female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both type 1 (high affinity, low binding capacity) and type 2 (reduced affinity, higher binding capacity) EBS were investigated in both soluble and nuclear fractions of homogenized synovial tissue samples by a dextran-coated charcoal method. To determine what type of synovial cell was positive for EBS, cryosections of synovial tissues were immunostained with a specific monoclonal anti-estrogen receptor antibody (anti-ER MAb) using both immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Double immunostaining with the anti-ER MAb and with specific MAb to detect different macrophage antigens (Ber-MAC3, MAC387, CD68) and CD8+ T cell subsets (CD29+, CD45RO+ and CD29-, CD45RO-) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher affinity EBS were found mostly in nuclear cell fractions of either RA or control synovial tissues (28 of the 33). These EBS were present to a lesser extent in soluble cell fractions (11 of the 33). Immunostaining showed the estrogen receptor-positive cells to be the macrophage-like synoviocytes and the CD8+, CD29+ T cells both in RA and in control synovial tissues. Higher nuclear content of EBS was consistent with more intense nuclear staining of synoviocytes and T cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is conceivable that the immunomodulatory activity exerted by estrogens is at least partly mediated through their interaction with EBS that are present on macrophage-like synoviocytes, functioning as antigen-processing and antigen-presenting cells, and on antigen-experienced (memory) CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD29+, CD45RO+).
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cutolo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Accardo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Villaggio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clerico
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagnasco
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Coviello
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carruba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: lo Casto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castagnetta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen