title: Does cigarette smoking increase sleep problems.
abstract: Cigarette smoking has been associated with delayed sleep onset and diminished sleep duration, primarily on the bases of responses to one-shot questionnaires. This study used a survey format of daily diaries to observe sleep quality. 29 smokers were matched for age, ethnicity, and gender with 29 nonsmokers. Both groups recorded information on cigarette, alcohol, caffeine consumption, daily stress, and sleep quality. While the results showed that smokers were more likely to experience poor sleep than nonsmokers, these data are difficult to interpret because smokers also used significantly greater amounts of alcohol and caffeine.
authors.affiliation: San Jose State University, CA 95192-0189.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Lexcen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hicks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003069:Coffee; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee