title: Morphine sulfate, transdermal fentanyl citrate and ketorolac tromethamine: effects on postoperative pulmonary function.
abstract: The physiological effects of morphine sulfate and fentanyl citrate on postoperative pulmonary function demonstrate varying degrees of respiratory depression related to dose, route of administration and pre-existing pathologies. Current postoperative analgesic therapies that include concomitant use of narcotic agonists and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs require adjustment of drug dosages to provide adequate pain relief while avoiding drug-induced complications. Specific nursing considerations include understanding therapeutic and adverse effects of these agents on pain and ventilation, continuous pain assessment and early recognition and treatment of respiratory depression.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003422:Critical Care; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000451:nursing* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D014325:Tromethamine; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D009020:Morphine; D014046:Tolmetin; D005283:Fentanyl