title: Reforming the health care system: the universal dilemma.
abstract: This Article surveys alternative approaches by which the advanced industrialized nations seek to cope with the twin problems that health care poses everywhere: the provision of universal access to health care and the control of national spending on health care. Although approaches to these twin problems vary considerably among nations at this time, there may well be a convergence toward a common approach in the next century. Under that approach, all health care systems will be subject to top-down global budgets and will put their health care providers into "statistical fishbowls" that reveal just how effectively these providers allocate the global budgets at their disposal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, Princeton University.
authors.forename: U E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
mesh_terms: D002017:Budgets; D002170:Canada; D003363:Cost Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005060:Europe; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D008489:Medical Indigency / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D009310:National Health Insurance, United States / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014481:United States