title: Preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer of the esophagus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We wished to determine the role and significance of preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy in management of operable cancer of the esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with clinical stage I-II cancer of the esophagus were entered in a prospective study of preoperative chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil/cisplatin) and radiotherapy (3405 cGy) administered concomitantly during 21 days followed by restaging and total esophagectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients did not complete the protocol (three had toxicity, one refused surgery, and one had interim distant metastasis). Seventeen patients underwent total esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis. Two postoperative deaths resulted from sepsis. Thirteen (76%) of 17 patients were considered to have complete clinical response (esophagoscopy and computed axial tomographic scanning) before surgery, but only 5 (29%) of 17 were free of cancer. The median survival was 18 months (median follow-up 57 months). No difference in survival was seen between complete and partial pathologic response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not result in increased survival compared with historic controls (surgery alone). (2) Preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy clinical staging overestimates the incidence of complete tumor response. (3) Combination chemotherapy is well tolerated, but until newly developed drugs show their efficacy for treatment, surgery should continue to be the major modality for local control and an integral part of clinical investigational trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, Calif.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Terz
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lipsett
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wagman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil