title: Occult blood and fecal leukocytes as screening tests in childhood infectious diarrhea: an old problem revisited.
abstract: During a 24-month period 446 children with diarrhea and 16 controls had examination of their stools for leukocytes and for occult blood. Fecal leukocytes were found in 36, 16 and 18% of children with Salmonella-Shigella-Campylobacter, rotavirus or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, or cryptosporidial diarrhea, respectively. Similarly 43, 39 and 38% of these groups, respectively, as well as 13% of controls had occult blood. Notably 70% of 10 Shigella cases had fecal leukocytes. In 166 children with mixed pathogens leukocytes were seen in 27 and 8% of children with Salmonella-Shigella-Campylobacter or noninvasive pathogen, respectively. Likewise 44 and 18% of these groups had occult blood. Agreement between both tests being positive was poor, the highest result being 50% for Shigella. Dysentery combined with both tests positive was associated with 15 (88%) cases of invasive agents present in stool cultures, and combination of dysentery with fecal leukocytes was associated with 21 (72%) cases of invasive agents recovered. The results of these tests should be interpreted in the context of the clinical situation. A combined clinical-epidemiologic and screening tests-based approach to infectious diarrhea of childhood is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huicho
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paredes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murga
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chinchay
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guevara
mesh_terms: D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000175:diagnosis; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D005243:Feces / Q000166:cytology*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007962:Leukocytes; D009780:Occult Blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000175:diagnosis