title: Parathyroid localization prior to primary exploration.
abstract: The success of parathyroid surgery is based on accurate localization of normal and abnormal parathyroid glands, knowledge of the pathologic conditions, and meticulous dissection during removal of the abnormal glands. Although parathyroid localization is essential in cases requiring re-exploration, there is considerable controversy regarding the indications for localization studies prior to primary exploration, since the success rate for surgery exceeds 90% to 95%. However, in specific circumstances, including diagnostic problems, technical considerations, and high-risk patient factors, preoperative parathyroid localization assists the operating surgeon even during the primary cervical exploration. The purpose of this paper is to define these specific circumstances and discuss the appropriate studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, SUNY-Health Science Center at Brooklyn.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shaha
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: LaRosa
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Jaffe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D013667:Technetium; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D013667:Technetium