title: On-line measurement of microvascular diameter and red blood cell velocity by a line-scan CCD image sensor.
abstract: A line-scan charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor (256 photo sites) was equipped for on-line measurement and calculation of red blood cell velocity and microvascular diameter. The principle of measurement is based on a sequential readout of the CCD-sensor photo signal at predefined time intervals. The velocity is calculated by a computer by cross correlation of a given set of readouts. Rotation of the sensor into a position perpendicular to the microvessel axis allows measurement of the diameter, which is related to the red blood cell column moving under the sensor. At low magnification (up to 38-fold) diameters up to 80 microns can be measured. Calibration, which was performed by comparing diameters measured in vivo by the CCD-based system with microphotographically obtained measurements, revealed a mean CCD/photo ratio of 0.98 +/- 0.08. Calibration of velocity measurements in glass tubes of different diameters by a calibrated pump with known bulk flow resulted in a mean conversion factor of 1.59 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SD). The CCD sensor is mounted such that it can freely rotate on the microscope. In conjunction with a programmable scanning table, several vessels can be measured sequentially in one preparation. The interval between two combined measurements and calculations of velocity and diameter is 1.1 sec.
authors.affiliation: Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Paffhausen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002138:Calibration; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012212:Rheology; D013690:Television