title: In vivo study of bleeding time and arterial hemorrhage in hypothermic versus normothermic animals.
abstract: This in vivo study confirmed impaired hemostasis during hypothermia in a swine model. Group I (normothermic, n = 8) and group II (hypothermic, n = 8) animals were anesthetized and instrumented for continuous peritoneal irrigation and monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure. The effects of hypothermia, hypotension, and inotrope on bleeding time and bleeding from two types of arterial injuries were evaluated. Our findings were that (1) bleeding time was significantly prolonged in hypothermic animals; (2) the differences in blood loss from partially torn artery (PTA) and completely cut artery (CCA) at both normothermic and hypothermic temperatures did not reach statistical significance; and (3) blood loss from PTA was greater than CCA when norepinephrine (Levophed) was infused to elevate blood pressure in hypotensive animals at normal core temperature.
authors.affiliation: Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Oung
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shum-Tim
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hinchey
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000293:injuries*; D001760:Bleeding Time; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001810:Blood Volume; D001831:Body Temperature; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007022:Hypotension / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine