title: Variations of the ethmoid labyrinth and sphenoid sinus and CT imaging.
abstract: Three hundred macerated and partly isolated postmortem mid-facial bones were studied for the development, variations and dimensions of the structures of the nasal cavity. On 184 axial CT scans of bones (102 male, 82 female) from patients ranging in age from 1 to 90 years old, the dimensions of the ethmoid labyrinth and sphenoid sinus were studied in detail in order to determine which anatomic situation might be unsafe during clinical endoscopic interventions. Six anatomic variations were identified. Most unsafe for surgery seemed to be the following types: type III, in which the anterior diameter of the ethmoid labyrinth was large and the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid diameters were relatively narrow; type V, in which both ethmoid dimensions were large and the sphenoid diameter was narrow: type VI, in which the ethmoid labyrinth had an "hour-glass" shape. Present findings indicate that CT orientation before any endoscopic intervention might help to avoid serious complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krmpotić-Nemanić
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vinter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hat
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jalsovec
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000254:growth & development; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D013101:Sphenoid Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed