title: Effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor on protamine-induced circulatory changes in sheep.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rapid intravenous administration of protamine after procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass is occasionally associated with severe pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension, cardiac dysfunction, and lung edema. We hypothesized that the mechanism for these hemodynamic changes after protamine administration is the release of thromboxane. We therefore examined the effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) on these hemodynamic changes in a sheep model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten female sheep were prepared with lung lymph fistulas and balloon-tipped pulmonary artery, left atrial, arterial, and venous catheters. After a 5-day recovery period, 2 mg/kg protamine was infused 10 minutes after 200 units/kg heparin, with (n = 5; OKY-046 group) and without (n = 5; heparin/protamine group) OKY-046 (10 mg/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the heparin/protamine group, pulmonary arterial pressure and lung lymphatic flow were significantly increased soon after administration of protamine, from 19 +/- 1 to 51 +/- 2 mm Hg and 5 +/- 1 to 8 +/- 1 ml/hr, respectively. The circulating leukocyte count was significantly reduced, from 3304 +/- 318 to 903 +/- 898 mm3. Cardiac output was also reduced, from 5.8 +/- 0.3 to 3.4 +/- 0.7 L/min/m2. These changes were completely blocked in the OKY-046 group, except for the neutrophil depletion and the increase in lung lymphatic flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that thromboxane plays a significant role in protamine-induced hemodynamic deterioration and pulmonary permeability changes.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Esato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008196:Lymph / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D011479:Protamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012756:Sheep; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; D011479:Protamines; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase; C034364:ozagrel