title: Rehabilitation of the lower cranial nerves.
abstract: Brain stem lesions frequently cause dysfunction of the lower cranial nerves. Even with successful treatment, dysfunction may remain. Various methods for rehabilitating the patient with persistent lower cranial nerve dysfunction are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Marentette
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Goding
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000055:Accessory Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005155:Facial Nerve Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005930:Glossopharyngeal Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D000160:Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation