title: Nurses' beliefs and attitudes toward visiting in adult critical care settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the beliefs and attitudes of critical care nurses about the effects of visiting on patients, staff and family.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both interviews and questionnaires were used to gather data on nurses' attitudes and beliefs about visiting and open visiting according to the format of Ajzen and Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five Utah intensive care units and three Ohio intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical care nurses in Utah (N = 29) and Ohio (N = 41) were interviewed to assess their beliefs about the effects of visiting on patients, families, nurses and nursing care delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses believed the consequence of visiting was more positive for the patient from a psychological perspective than from a physiological perspective but that the effects might differ depending on the patient, the visitor and the circumstances. They believed that visiting had negative consequences for families, because they became exhausted, and that visiting was disruptive for nursing care delivery. Their attitudes about effects of visiting on nursing staff were consistently more negative than were attitudes about the effects on the patient and the family.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To provide an optimal situation for visiting, its negative consequences must be minimized and nurses' attitudes and beliefs about visiting must be assessed and addressed.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake City 84112.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kirchhoff
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Calame
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008128:Logic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D009820:Ohio; D016134:Organizational Policy; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011897:Random Allocation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014589:Utah; D014789:Visitors to Patients / Q000523:psychology