title: Rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine: a shortened screening instrument.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to validate a shortened version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM). This screening instrument is designed to be used in public health and primary care settings to identify patients with low reading levels. It provides reading grade estimates for patients who read below a ninth-grade level. The REALM can be administered in one to two minutes by personnel with minimal training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and three patients in four university hospital clinics (internal medicine, family practice, ambulatory care, and obstetrics/gynecology) were given the REALM and three other standardized reading tests: the reading recognition section of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test-Revised (PIAT-R), the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R), and the Slosson Oral Reading Test-Revised (SORT-R). One hundred inmates at a state prison were also given the REALM twice, one week apart, to determine test-retest reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The REALM correlated well with the three other tests. (Correlation coefficients were 0.97 [PIAT-R], 0.96 [SORT-R], and 0.88 [WRAT-R].) All correlations were significant at P < .0001. Test-retest reliability was 0.99 (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The REALM provides an estimate of patient reading ability, displays excellent concurrent validity with standardized reading tests, and is a practical instrument for busy primary care settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center School of Medicine, Shreveport.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayeaux
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Crouch
mesh_terms: D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004522:Educational Status; D010361:Patients; D011932:Reading