title: Fluoride inhibition of yeast enolase: crystal structure of the enolase-Mg(2+)-F(-)-Pi complex at 2.6 A resolution.
abstract: Enolase in the presence of its physiological cofactor Mg2+ is inhibited by fluoride and phosphate ions in a strongly cooperative manner (Nowak, T, Maurer, P. Biochemistry 20:6901, 1981). The structure of the quaternary complex yeast enolase-Mg(2+)-F(-)-Pi has been determined by X-ray diffraction and refined to an R = 16.9% for those data with F/sigma (F) > or = 3 to 2.6 A resolution with a good geometry of the model. The movable loops of Pro-35-Ala-45, Val-153-Phe-169, and Asp-255-Asn-266 are in the closed conformation found previously in the precatalytic substrate-enzyme complex. Calculations of molecular electrostatic potential show that this conformation stabilizes binding of negatively charged ligands at the Mg2+ ion more strongly than the open conformation observed in the native enolase. This closed conformation is complementary to the transition state, which also has a negatively charged ion, hydroxide, at Mg2+. The synergism of inhibition by F- and Pi most probably is due to the requirement of Pi for the closed conformation. It is possible that other Mg(2+)-dependent enzymes that have OH- ions bound to the metal ion in the transition state also will be inhibited by fluoride ions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lebioda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lewinski
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brewer
mesh_terms: D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015003:Yeasts / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; D008274:Magnesium; D005459:Fluorides