title: Assessment of estrogenic recruitment before chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer: a double-blind randomized study. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present phase III study, the specific effect of estrogenic recruitment was assessed by comparing two groups of patients with advanced breast cancer receiving either ethinylestradiol (EE2) or placebo (PL) before chemotherapy (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The therapeutic regimen consisted of (1) estrogen suppression by aminoglutethimide (AGL) 1 g/d plus hydrocortisone (HC) 40 mg/d, with surgical castration performed on premenopausal patients; (2) fluorouracil (5-FU) 500 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide (CPA) 500 mg/m2 (FAC) intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks; (3) following randomization, patients were double-blinded to receive either PL or EE2 50 micrograms exactly 24 hours before receiving FAC. All patients had advanced breast cancer presumably sensitive to endocrine therapy (estrogen receptor-positive [ER+] and/or progesterone receptor-positive [PgR+] status) with measurable lesions; none had received prior systemic antineoplastic therapy for metastatic disease; prior adjuvant hormonal therapy (HT) or CT (without anthracyclines) was allowed if interval since completion was longer than 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 154 patients treated according to the protocol, tolerance, response rates, time to progression, and median survival duration were identical in the PL and EE2 groups. Only performance status, dominant metastatic site, and menopausal status seemed to influence response (overall response, 64%), with the highest levels of partial remission (PR) and complete remission (CR) being achieved in premenopausal women (CR plus PR, 26% plus 55%) and in those with dominant soft tissue lesions (CR plus PR, 45% plus 28%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the validity of the hormonal recruitment concept has not yet been established in clinical practice so that this approach remains experimental. The results achieved by combining (near) complete estrogenic suppression and cyclical FAC chemotherapy are not significantly different from those to be expected with the more conventional use of HT followed by CT in presumably hormone-responsive (ER+) patients.
authors.affiliation: Universitair Ziekenhuis St Rafaël, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paridaens
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Heuson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Julien
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Veyret
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Zyl
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Klijn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mignolet
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil