title: Asymptomatic low bone mineral density in otherwise healthy people: four year follow up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of screening a normal population for low bone density on lifestyle, subsequent bone density and fracture risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study of 726 subjects screened for low bone density identified 60 with bone density greater than one standard deviation below an age and sex matched mean. Those who accepted further assessment were followed clinically and with repeat bone densitometry for up to four years. Those declining assessment were contacted four years later and questioned about lifestyle changes and fractures. They were offered repeat bone densitometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty five subjects accepted intervention and were advised on lifestyle modification and treated with calcium supplements (18) calcitriol (5) or oestrogen (1). 22 of the 35 subjects who initially declined intervention volunteered to have their bone density repeated. Bone density increased in the group accepting intervention compared to the 22 subjects in the group who initially declined assessment (p < 0.05). Several laboratory investigations had a low yield. Lifestyle modification in the group declining assessment did not significantly affect subsequent bone density. Fractures occurred infrequently in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After screening the normal population for low bone density, significant improvements in bone density can be achieved in patients accepting further intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care of the Elderly, Princess Margaret Hospital, Christchurch.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Elliot
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: March
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ayling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary