title: Is screening and intervention for microalbuminuria worthwhile in patients with insulin dependent diabetes?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the cost-benefit of screening for and antihypertensive treatment of early renal disease indicated by microalbuminuria in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously published data were used to estimate transition probabilities for each step from normoalbuminuria until death. The effect of intervention on urinary albumin excretion rate by antihypertensive treatment was arbitrarily set at three different levels. All direct costs (screening, antihypertensive treatment, treatment of end stage renal failure) were included in the cost-benefit analysis by using real discount rates of 2.5% and 6%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer simulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simulated cohort of 8000 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortality, incidence of diabetic nephropathy, incidence of end stage renal failure, and costs versus savings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assuming treatment effects of 33% and 67% median life expectancy increased by four to 14 years, respectively, and the need for dialysis or transplantation decreased by 21% to 63%. Costs and savings would balance if the annual rate of increase of albuminuria was decreased from 20% to 18% a year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening and intervention programmes are likely to have life saving effects and lead to considerable economic savings.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borch-Johnsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Viberti
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mogensen
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000652:urine; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents