title: Tryptophan contaminants associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. The Eosinophilia-Myalgia Studies of Oregon, New York and New Mexico.
abstract: Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) has been linked to ingestion of tryptophan contaminated with 1,1'-ethylidene-bis[L-tryptophan] (EBT), but other contaminants have received little study. The authors identified 101 lots of L-tryptophan that had been consumed either by persons with EMS or by asymptomatic tryptophan users and quantified the amounts of EBT and five other contaminants in each lot. After stratification of case and noncase lots by time of manufacture to adjust for the strong sequential pattern over time among case and noncase lots, higher EBT levels were still associated with a lot's case status, but the association lacked statistical significance (p = 0.120, odds ratio = 1.56, 95% confidence interval 0.758-3.23). While these findings do not rule out the possibility that EBT is the etiologic agent in EMS, they raise the possibility that other chemical contaminants in manufactured tryptophan modify the effects of EBT or that the causal agent of EMS is an entirely distinct compound.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Philen
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Caudill
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sewell
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kilbourne
mesh_terms: D004340:Drug Contamination; D016603:Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C070372:1,1'-ethylidene bis(tryptophan); D014364:Tryptophan