title: Topical anesthesia during circumcision in newborn infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of topical anesthetic cream, eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA), in alleviating pain from neonatal circumcision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal newborn nursery in a university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven newborn, full-term male neonates, aged 1 to 3 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart rate, transcutaneous oxygen saturation, facial activity, and crying.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with baseline, all newborns experienced pain as evidenced by increased heart rate of an average of 40 beats per minute (F [8, 25] = 14.12; P < .0001), decreased oxygen saturation of 3% (F [8, 25] = 15.02; P < .0001), and more facial actions indicative of pain (F [8, 25] = 5.25; P < .002) during all phases of the procedure. Compared with placebo, EMLA significantly attenuated the pain response as shown by lower heart rate of an average of 25 beats per minute (F [1, 25] = 14.92; P < .001), higher oxygen saturation of 5%, particularly during the clamping and lysis phases (F [1, 25] = 19.83; P < .0001), 20% less facial activity (F [1, 25] = 12.01; P < .002), and 15% less crying during the clamping, Gomco clamp application, and incision of the foreskin. There were no differences between groups in the spectral crying parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circumcision procedure produces pain responses that EMLA diminishes. Thus, EMLA may be a useful agent for pain management in neonatal circumcision.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing Research, McGill University-Montreal Children's Hospital, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benini
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faucher
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Aranda
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local