Blood lymphocyte clonal excess in advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Relation to clinical data and prognosis.
BACKGROUND
Increasingly sensitive methods, based on the monoclonal nature of NHL, are used to detect tumour spread and remaining disease. Since the lymphomas are thought to arise due to successive genetic changes, clonal cells in different compartments do not necessarily represent the same disease despite a common clonal origin.


METHODS
In 179 patients with advanced NHL, clonal cells in peripheral blood were identified by light chain restriction analysed in flow cytometry, i.e. clonal excess (CE) analysis.


RESULTS
CE was more common in low grade NHL (52%) than in high grade NHL (21%). In patients with a normal lymphocyte count CE was found in 23%. CE was significantly correlated to small cell histology and bone marrow involvement. In high grade NHL CE in peripheral blood was more common in those with discordant small or mixed cell involvement of the bone marrow. CE was significantly related to failure to achieve remission in both histologic subgroups. Survival was not influenced by CE in low grade NHL but in high grade NHL. In multivariate analyses however, CE did not emerge as an independent risk factor but age, B-symptoms and LDH were the major factors.


CONCLUSIONS
The utility of blood CE analyses in clinical praxis has still to be settled and the prognostic value of CE per se seem limited in the current perspective. The existence of CE in high grade NHL might be a clue of different biology as compared to de novo high grade NHL.
Johnson
A
A
Dept. of Oncology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Cavallin-Ståhl
E
E
Anderson
H
H
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome