title: A translation-based generation effect in bilingual recall and recognition.
abstract: Two experiments were performed with incidental study procedures in which generation effects were observed for relatively balanced French-English bilingual subjects on measures of both free recall and recognition. Experiment 1 used a within-subject design, and Experiment 2 used a between-subject design. In both experiments, reading translations and reading same-language repetitions generally resulted in similar amounts of retention. Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 also showed that the generation effect was abolished under intentional study procedures because of an enhancement of reading-based retention. The results suggested that previous failures to obtain a translation-based generation effect may have been due to the use of intentional study procedures. The pattern of effects was explained in terms of a single-code model of bilingual linguistic representation and an individual-item processing interpretation of the generation effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Moneton, NB, Canada.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D012660:Semantics; D014175:Translating