title: [Treatment and prognosis after late relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia].
abstract: We evaluated the clinical courses and laboratory features in 13 late-relapse cases of 55 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had been in complete remission for longer than their years. In 8 of 13 cases, leukemia relapsed in bone marrow; 2 with testicular, 1 with central nervous system and one with ovarian involvement. Further, extramedullary relapse not involving bone marrow occurred in 5 cases (4 testicular and 1 CNS). Late-relapse was more frequently observed in boys (37.5%) than in girls (4.4%). Initial age and leukocyte counts were of no value in predicting late-relapse. The relapse rate in cases initially treated by the VPL regimen was twice that of those by a multi-drug regimen. A second prolonged remission was achieved in 5 of 10 cases by combinations of intensive chemotherapy (modified HEX) and irradiation to the testes or CNS. On the contrary, all late relapse patients initially treated by the multi-drug chemotherapy had a poor outcome. More intensive chemotherapy, including high-dose chemoradiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, should be employed in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikuta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sumita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanzawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kajigaya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funabiki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011239:Prednisolone; C015019:enocitabine; D003630:Daunorubicin