title: Melatonin increases antigen presentation and amplifies specific and non specific signals for T-cell proliferation.
abstract: Our preceding results have shown that melatonin administration to normal and immunodepressed mice increases significantly the antibody response. We also found that melatonin is able to restore the impaired T-helper cell activity in immunodepressed mice. The present study shows that melatonin enhances antigen presentation by splenic macrophages to T-cells. This effect is concomitant with an increase in the expression of MHC class II molecules and production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha. Considering the role of antigen presentation and cytokine production in the initiation of the immune response, the present findings provide evidence for relevant mechanisms that may account for the regulatory role of the pineal gland in immunoregulation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physics and Biomedical Sciences, ENEA C.R.E. Casaccia, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pioli
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Caroleo
authors.lastname: Nistico G
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Doria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008550:Melatonin