title: Frequency dependence of MR relaxation times. II. Iron oxides.
abstract: The frequency dependence of T1 and T2 was measured for homogeneous suspensions of magnetite and iron oxyhydroxide particles in water with various concentrations of gelatin. The transverse relaxivity showed two types of behavior: (a) For magnetic particles, there was a rapid increase in T2 relaxivity with frequency, followed by a saturation plateau, which accorded with the Langevin magnetization function. From these curves, the magnetic moment of the particle domains was estimated to range from 0.8 to 6.3 x 10(4) Bohr magnetons. (b) For iron oxyhydroxide (ferritin, ferrihydrite, and akaganéite) particles, T2 relaxivity increased linearly with frequency, the slope of the increase characteristic for each particle. T2 relaxivity generally increased with increasing gelatin concentration, corresponding to the measured decrease in the water diffusion coefficient. For iron oxides, homogeneously distributed either as iatrogenic agents or endogenous biominerals, these findings may aid in the interpretation of in vivo relaxivity and the effect on MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Radiology Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bulte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vymazal
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pierpaoli
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005293:Ferritins; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D005780:Gelatin; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron; D007505:Iron-Dextran Complex; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D011134:Polysaccharides
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D011134:Polysaccharides; C000499:ferric oxide; C078972:Niferex; D005780:Gelatin; D007505:Iron-Dextran Complex; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; C065507:ferumoxides; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide