title: Plasma oxytocin and nocturnal uterine activity: maternal but not fetal concentrations increase progressively during late pregnancy and delivery in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to determine whether rising maternal or fetal plasma oxytocin concentrations could be responsible for the increasing levels of nocturnal uterine activity on the nights preceding delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronically catheterized pregnant rhesus monkeys were exposed to a 16-hour light, 8-hour dark photoperiod (dark 11 PM to 7 AM). Uterine activity and maternal arterial plasma oxytocin concentrations were measured concurrently at weekly intervals in late gestation, on the night preceding term delivery (158 to 167 days, n = 4), and during delivery (149 to 170 days, n = 6). Fetal carotid arterial plasma oxytocin levels were measured during episodes of nocturnal uterine activity in six animals. The effect of oxytocin infusions into the fetus (30 to 480 ng/kg/hr) on uterine activity and on maternal and fetal plasma oxytocin levels was also determined (n = 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal nocturnal oxytocin concentrations in the maternal plasma rose progressively during late gestation from 9.9 +/- 3.5 pg/ml at 130 to 139 days to 28.7 +/- 9.8 pg/ml on the night preceding term delivery (p < 0.005); a significant increase in nocturnal uterine activity accompanied this rise (p < 0.001). Maternal oxytocin concentrations were elevated during labor and increased further at delivery (62.5 +/- 5.5 pg/ml, p < 0.05). There was no increase in fetal plasma oxytocin during nocturnal uterine activity (3.1 +/- 0.2 pg/ml) or during labor. Fetal oxytocin infusions raised fetal plasma oxytocin concentrations sixtyfold but had no effect on maternal plasma oxytocin concentrations or on uterine activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated maternal plasma oxytocin concentrations are responsible, at least in part, for the increasing magnitude of nocturnal uterine activity episodes as term approaches and for the elevated uterine activity before delivery at night. Fetal plasma oxytocin does not contribute to nocturnal uterine activity or to maternal plasma oxytocin concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Biology and Behavior, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton 97006.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hirst
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Haluska
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Novy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000097:blood; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000097:blood*; D014599:Uterus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010121:Oxytocin