title: Strabismus following implantation of Baerveldt drainage devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features of strabismus following implantation of a Baerveldt glaucoma seton.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series of four patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specialized glaucoma referral center at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute/Ann Bates Leach Eye Hospital, Miami, Fla.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive sample of four patients with persistent binocular diplopia following implantation of a 350-mm2 Baerveldt glaucoma seton in the superotemporal quadrant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each patient presented with a characteristic pattern of either exotropia or hypertropia, or both. The deviation increased with gaze opposite the ipsilateral superior and lateral muscles and decreased in the field of action of the involved muscles. All patients demonstrated a convergence insufficiency type of exotropia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These patients presented with a similar type of restrictive strabismus. Proposed mechanisms include an increase in the length-tension curve of the muscle induced by the underlying bleb and a posterior fixation effect as a result of scarring behind the implant.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Fla.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Parrish
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D004322:Drainage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005682:Gadolinium; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D005682:Gadolinium