title: Interleukin-10 production by human carcinoma cell lines and its relationship to interleukin-6 expression.
abstract: Recent data indicate a major role for IL-10 in suppressing immune and inflammatory reactions. To date, expression of human IL-10 has been attributed primarily to helper T lymphocytes, activated monocytes, and neoplastic B cells, and was often found to be associated with IL-6 expression. In this study we sought to determine whether non-hematopoietic human tumor cell lines produce IL-10 and, if so, what is the relationship between IL-10 and IL-6. Using ELISA, we determined IL-10 and IL-6 levels in culture supernatants of 48 cell lines established from carcinomas of the kidney, colon, breast and pancreas, malignant melanomas and neuroblastomas. IL-6 protein was secreted by 28 of the tumor cell lines; IL-10 was measurable in 15 cell lines. IL-6 secretion was maximal and most frequent in renal-cancer cell lines, while IL-10 production was found to be highest and most common among cell lines derived from colon carcinomas. IL-10 in conditioned medium of one of the colon carcinoma cell lines (CCL222) was bio-active, as demonstrated in the mouse MC/9 mast-cell-line assay and in human mixed-lymphocyte reactions. In both assays, IL-10 bio-activity was neutralized by an anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody. Expression of IL-6 and IL-10 was confirmed by RNA analysis using message amplification by PCR and sequencing of amplified cDNA. LPS, IL-1 alpha, and TNF-alpha strongly enhanced the release of IL-6 by RCC cells, but only marginally affected IL-10 production in colon-carcinoma cells. IL-10 secretion by colon-carcinoma cells was moderately stimulated by IFN-gamma and IL-4. Dexamethasone suppressed the release of IL-6, but had no inhibitory effect on IL-10 secretion. Our results demonstrate that tumor cell lines established from certain types of human carcinomas are capable of expressing and releasing IL-6 and/or IL-10, suggesting a role of these cytokines in solid-tumor development and anti-tumor immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery/Urology, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, NY 10021.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gastl
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nanus
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oosterkamp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Albino
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Bander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001681:Biological Assay; D002460:Cell Line; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D016753:Interleukin-10