title: The influence of proficiency level, transfer distality, and gender on the contextual interference effect.
abstract: This study examined the impact of high and low proficiency level, transfer distality, and gender on the contextual interference effect with an open skill. Subjects were separated into two levels of proficiency based on performance on a pretest similar to the experimental task. Analysis of error scores during acquisition indicated that the partitioning of subjects according to ability level had been successful. Transfer distality was varied by presenting subjects with two tasks varying in similarity to the acquisition task. Analysis of absolute constant, constant, variable, and total error scores in transfer strongly suggested that subjects' consistency rather than response bias was affected by the experimental variables. The findings suggested that, for the task used in this study, proficiency level does not account for gender differences in the contextual interference effect, as the effect was only reliably found for females. For coincident timing skills, it appears that there may be two distinct conclusions drawn from the results of this study: contextual interference only benefits female subjects' consistency and the effect of contextual interference increases with the distality of transfer, regardless of the subjects' proficiency level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport, Health, and Physical Education, University of Wales.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rudisill
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D012737:Sex Factors; D014163:Transfer, Psychology