title: Cardiac performance preserved despite thiopental loading.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some cerebral artery aneurysms require cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest to be clipped safely. During bypass these neurosurgical patients often are given large doses of thiopental in the hope that additional cerebral protection will be provided. However, thiopental loading during bypass has been associated with subsequent cardiac dysfunction in patients with heart disease. This study was undertaken to determine how patients without concomitant heart disease would respond to thiopental loading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four neurosurgical patients with giant cerebral aneurysms and little or no cardiac disease were anesthetized with fentanyl, nitrous oxide, and isoflurane. Thiopental was titrated to achieve electroencephalographic burst-suppression before bypass, and the infusion was continued until after separation. Prebypass hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements were obtained during a stable baseline and 15 min after thiopental loading began. They were repeated after bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prebypass thiopental loading increased heart rate from 61 +/- 11 to 72 +/- 13 beats/min and decreased stroke volume from 43 +/- 10 to 38 +/- 8 ml.beat-1.m-2, but arterial and filling pressures, vascular resistance, cardiac index, and ejection fraction remained the same. Before bypass, thiopental plasma concentration measured 28 +/- 8 micrograms/ml. Loading continued for 2-3 h until after bypass was terminated, and the overall infusion rate was 18 +/- 5 mg.kg-1.h-1. All patients were easily separated from bypass without inotropic support. Following bypass, vascular resistance was decreased; heart rate, filling pressures, and cardiac index were increased; stroke volume had returned to its baseline; and ejection fraction was unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that if preoperative ventricular function is good, thiopental loading to electroencephalographic burst-suppression causes negligible cardiac impairment and does not impede separation from cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Marans
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Khambatta
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ostapkovich
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jamdar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia; D001775:Blood Circulation; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013874:Thiopental / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013874:Thiopental