title: Cervical vascular injuries: a trauma center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We analyzed 76 patients with cervical vascular injuries from penetrating neck trauma (n = 528) between 1977 and 1990 at a level I trauma center to evaluate the role of angiography in diagnosis and management and to assess the course and outcome of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who were hemodynamically unstable underwent immediate surgical exploration. Stable patients were subjected to diagnostic investigation. Angiography was routinely performed to diagnose vascular injury in zones I and III and zone II if the trajectory was in the vicinity of major vessels. Therapeutic embolization was performed when possible at angiography; all other vascular injuries were treated surgically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients (2.5%) died of penetrating neck trauma, in 12 of whom hemorrhage was the contributing factor (12/76; 15.8% of patients with vascular injury). In nine patients who were hemodynamically stable vascular injury was diagnosed by angiography: 5 (6.8%) of 73 in zone I and 3 (5.4%) of 56 in zone III, four of whom underwent therapeutic embolic occlusion of the injured vessel. Injuries to vertebral and subclavian arteries and subclavian and innominate veins were often multiple, causing exsanguination and death (6.8% in zone I). In three patients with no preoperative neurologic deficit, the internal carotid artery was ligated without complication; in all other patients injury to the common carotid or internal carotid artery was repaired, in six of them with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective management of penetrating neck trauma should include routine angiography in zones I and III. Injuries to the common and internal carotid arteries should be repaired. The internal carotid artery may be ligated in the absence of preoperative neurologic deficit. Arterial injuries in the neck can be repaired with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, Bronx, NY 10451.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ivatury
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Vinzons
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nassoura
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Stahl
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D019838:Neck Injuries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013350:Subclavian Vein / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D014193:Trauma Centers; D014680:Veins / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000401:mortality; D014951:Wounds, Stab / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*