title: Melatonin stimulates growth hormone secretion through pathways other than the growth hormone-releasing hormone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is evidence that melatonin plays a role in the regulation of GH secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroendocrine mechanisms by which melatonin modulates GH secretion. Thus we assessed the effect of oral melatonin on the GH responses to GHRH administration and compared the effects of melatonin with those of pyridostigmine, a cholinergic agonist drug which is likely to suppress hypothalamic somatostatin release.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of four protocols carried out during the afternoon hours. Study 1: oral melatonin (10 mg) or placebo were administered 60 minutes prior to GHRH (100 micrograms i.v. bolus). Study 2: GHRH (100 micrograms i.v. bolus) or placebo were administered at 0 minutes; oral melatonin or placebo were given at 60 minutes and were followed by a second GHRH stimulus (100 micrograms i.v. bolus) at 120 minutes. Study 3: placebo; oral melatonin (10 mg); oral pyridostigmine (120 mg); melatonin (10 mg) plus pyridostigmine (120 mg) were administered on separate occasions. Study 4: placebo; oral melatonin (10 mg); oral pyridostigmine (120 mg); melatonin (10 mg) plus pyridostigmine (120 mg) were administered on separate occasions 60 minutes prior to a submaximal dose (3 micrograms i.v. bolus) of GHRH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of eight normal male subjects, ages 22-35 years, were randomly assigned to each protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Growth hormone was measured by RIA at 15-minute intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral melatonin administration had a weak stimulatory effect on GH basal levels. Prior melatonin administration approximately doubled the GH release induced by supramaximal (100 micrograms) or submaximal (3 micrograms) doses of GHRH. Melatonin administration restored the GH response to a second GHRH challenge, given 120 minutes after a first GHRH i.v. bolus. The GH releasing effects of pyridostigmine, either alone or followed by GHRH, were greater than those of melatonin. However, the simultaneous administration of melatonin and pyridostigmine was not followed by any further enhancement of GH release, either in the absence or in the presence of exogenous GHRH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that oral administration of melatonin to normal human males increases basal GH release and GH responsiveness to GHRH through the same pathways as pyridostigmine. Therefore it is likely that melatonin plays this facilitatory role at the hypothalamic level by inhibiting endogenous somatostatin release, although with a lower potency than pyridostigmine. The physiological role of melatonin in GH neuroregulation remains to be established.
authors.affiliation: 2a Divisione di Medicina Interna, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valcavi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zini
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Maestroni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Portioli
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; D008550:Melatonin; D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide