title: Delayed sequelae of penetrating cardiac injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied delayed or residual manifestations of penetrating cardiac injury in patients to determine the incidence, type, management, and outcome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Penetrating cardiac injury is associated with a high mortality despite improvement in management in recent years. Secondary lesions that are usually not looked for at the time of initial surgery are diagnosed and repaired postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at a major urban trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight survivors of 71 penetrating cardiac injuries were treated during a 10-year period from 1980 to 1990.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delayed sequelae were diagnosed in 11 patients (23%) during the postoperative period. There were five ventricular septal defects, two aortic valvular injuries, one atrial septal defect, two conduction defects, and one tricuspid valvular lesion. All lesions were repaired electively with 100% survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found residual or delayed sequelae in 23% of our patients. Close follow-up and utilization of diagnostic studies, including two-dimensional echocardiography during the early postoperative period, can identify late sequelae and allow elective repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Grace Hospital, Detroit, Mich.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Allaben
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014951:Wounds, Stab / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery