The climacteric and well-being.
The climacteric is accompanied by many changes in life, which may give cause to a variety of complaints. Thus, it may be difficult to discern to what extent the climacteric is related to well-being. The association between menopausal status and well-being was determined in a population of 2729 women aged 45-60 years. A self-administered questionnaire was filled out and returned by 1947 women (response 71.3%). Well-being was measured by the Inventory of Subjective Health (ISH) and the three subscales of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP): social functioning; emotions, feelings and sensations; and intellectual functioning. The relationship between menopausal status and well-being was estimated using linear regression analysis, while adjusting for age and other potential confounding variables, including body mass index, smoking behavior, education, work outside the home, parity, way of cohabitation, difference in age with the partner and partner's employment. The results show that early perimenopausal women report a lower level of well-being as compared to premenopausal women on all three SIP scales. Early postmenopausal women report a lower level of well-being on the SIP emotions, feelings and sensations. Intermediate postmenopausal women have a lower level of well-being on the ISH only. Finally, late postmenopausal women have a lower level of well-being on the SIP social functioning and SIP emotions, feelings and sensations. We tentatively conclude that the influence of the climacteric on well-being independent of confounders is primarily found in behavioral functioning in the daily life of a woman.
Groeneveld
F P
FP
Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Bareman
F P
FP
Barentsen
R
R
Dokter
H J
HJ
Drogendijk
A C
AC
Hoes
A W
AW
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002979:Climacteric / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004522:Educational Status; D004644:Emotions; D004651:Employment; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D017533:Marital Status; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010298:Parity; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016387:Women's Health