title: Effect of exercise on valvular resistance in patients with mitral stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This exercise study assessed the relation between valvular resistance and flow in patients with mitral stenosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Valvular resistance has been proposed as an alternative measure of stenotic valvular lesions, which is speculated to remain stable under changing hemodynamic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 35 of 40 patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis, continuous wave Doppler measurements of the mitral stenotic jet were possible at rest and during supine bicycle ergometry. Simultaneously, transvalvular flow was assessed by thermodilution technique. For calculation of valvular resistance, the mean mitral valve pressure gradient was determined according to the simplified Bernoulli equation and divided by transvalvular flow. Additionally, effective mitral valve area was calculated according to the continuity equation method, dividing flow by the mean diastolic flow velocity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Valvular resistance was 65 +/- 32 dynes.s.cm-5 at rest and increased to 82 +/- 43 dynes.s.cm-5 at 25 W (p < 0.001). The most prominent increase in valvular resistance (rest to 25 W 63 +/- 28 to 95 +/- 48 dynes.s.cm-5, p < 0.001) was found in those patients who had no or only a moderate (< 20%) change in effective mitral valve area. In contrast, valvular resistance remained constant (67 +/- 36 vs. 70 +/- 32 dynes.s.cm-5) in patients with a significant (> or = 20%) increase in mitral valve area with exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with mitral stenosis, the exercise-induced changes in valvular resistance are heterogeneous. This is the result of the variable response of mitral valve area to an increase in flow. In the individual patient, mitral valve area can significantly increase, a factor that has to be taken into account when interpreting the hemodynamic relevance of the obstruction. Calculated valvular resistance is flow dependent and has no advantage over valve area calculations for quantifying mitral stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tübingen University, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Voelker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Regele
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dittmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stötzer
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baumbach
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Karsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*