Impact of prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation on neonatal hemorrhagic and ischemic brain damage.
Low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation are well-recognized risk factors for increased mortality, morbidity and poor neurologic outcome. Risk assessment is different considering true preterm (appropriate-for-gestational-age, AGA) or growth-retarded (small-for-gestational-age, SGA) infants. Therefore, we carried out a study on the incidence of hemorrhagic (peri-intraventricular hemorrhage, PIVH) and ischemic (periventricular leukomalacia) brain lesions in two groups of AGA and SGA very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. In the study period (1987-1990), 111 VLBW babies (< 1,500 g body weight) were serially studied at days 1, 3 and 7 and weekly until discharge by cerebral ultrasonography (ATL, MK 4, 7.5 MHz). 57 were VLBW-AGA babies (mean gestational age 28 weeks, mean body weight 1,106 g). 54 were VLBW-SGA babies (mean gestational age 31 weeks, mean body weight 990 g). PIVH was graded according to the system of Papile et al. Periventricular leukomalacia was defined as an echodensity (> 3 mm) adjacent to the lateral border of the ventricular body. We noted a higher incidence of PIVH in the AGA group (36.8%) than in SGA babies (18.5%; p < 0.01, Fisher test). The AGA subgroup < 1,000 g body weight had 72.2% PIVH compared to AGA babies > 1,000 g (20.5%; p < 0.01). The same relationship was observed in SGA babies (34.8% in < 1,000 g and 6.4% in > 1,000 g babies). Ischemic brain lesions (periventricular leukomalacia) were equally distributed between AGA and SGA babies (10.5 vs. 3.7%, p > 0.5) independently of body weight category.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Amato
M
M
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Konrad
D
D
Hüppi
P
P
Donati
F
F
D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004453:Echoencephalography; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors