title: Ultrasonography in the initial evaluation and follow-up of blunt abdominal injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasonography has been routinely performed in the assessment of blunt abdominal injury at our department of surgery since 1980. To establish its reliability, a retrospective study was carried out on 818 consecutive patients in the years 1980 to 1990.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred twenty six patients underwent real-time ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen. Indication for ultrasonography included all cases evaluated for blunt abdominal trauma. Ninety two patients before 1985 were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred seventy (37.2%) patients underwent laparotomy, 252 patients (34.7%) because of ultrasonographic diagnosis. Celiotomy was nontherapeutic in 28 patients; 26 of these patients had positive findings from ultrasonography (false positive, 3.6%). Eighteen patients with negative findings from ultrasonography also underwent laparotomy, which was nontherapeutic in two patients (false negative, 2.2%). Four hundred fifty six patients (62.8%) were managed without operation, relying on initial and follow-up ultrasonography, which was negative in 386 (53.2%) and positive in 70 patients (9.6%). The accuracy of ultrasonography was 94.2%, with 91.9% sensitivity, 96.0% specificity, and 94.9% predictive value. The rate of delayed recognition of documented visceral injury was 5.1%, but no false-negative findings from ultrasonography were noted among these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography has proved to be a thoroughly reliable, cost efficient, and noninvasive modality in primary evaluation and follow-up of blunt abdominal trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lucciarini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ofner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lungenschmid
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery