title: Cloning and characterization of a gene whose product is a trans-activator of anthrax toxin synthesis.
abstract: The 184-kb Bacillus anthracis plasmid pXO1, which is required for virulence, contains three genes encoding the protein components of anthrax toxin, cya (edema factor gene), lef (lethal factor gene), and pag (protective antigen gene). Expression of the three proteins is induced by bicarbonate or serum. Using a pag-lacZ transcriptional construct to measure pag promoter activity, we cloned in Bacillus subtilis a gene (atxA) whose product acts in trans to stimulate anthrax toxin expression. Deletion analysis located atxA on a 2.0-kb fragment between cya and pag. DNA sequencing identified one open reading frame encoding 476 amino acids with a predicted M(r) of 55,673, in good agreement with the value of 53 kDa obtained by in vitro transcription-translation analysis. The cloned atxA gene complemented previously characterized Tn917 insertion mutants UM23 tp29 and UM23 tp32 (J. M. Hornung and C. B. Thorne, Abstr. 91st Gen. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 1991, abstr. D-121, p. 98), which are deficient in synthesis of all three toxin proteins. These results demonstrate that the atxA product activates not only transcription of pag but also that of cya and lef. beta-Galactosidase synthesis from the pag-lacZ transcriptional fusion construct introduced into an insertion mutant (UM23 tp62) which does not require bicarbonate for toxin synthesis indicated that additional regulatory genes other than atxA play a role in the induction of anthrax toxin gene expression by bicarbonate.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Klimpel
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Leppla
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C082932:ATXA protein, Bacillus anthracis; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001639:Bicarbonates; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015534:Trans-Activators; C030325:anthrax toxin