title: Barbiturate anticonvulsants in refractory affective disorders.
abstract: Despite an increasing literature demonstrating both acute and long-term positive psychopharmacological effects of both valproate and carbamazepine, phenytoin has remained a controversial intervention, and barbiturate anticonvulsants have generally received poor press with regard to psychotropic effects. In the present investigation, 27 seizure-free, affectively ill patients who received therapeutic trials of primidone and/or mephobarbital after failing on antidepressants, lithium, carbamazepine, valproate, and phenytoin were analyzed with regard to effects on illness severity and affective cycle rate over a period of as long as four years. Nine (33%) of the patients had a sustained positive therapeutic effect on affective state and/or psychotic symptoms to primidone and three (11%) had positive effects on mephobarbital after primidone failure. Four (15%) had brief positive effects that were not sustained, and the remaining 11 (41%) had no effects or negative effects to these agents. The theoretical and practical implications of this new and unexpected finding are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California School of Medicine.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008618:Mephobarbital / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011324:Primidone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001463:Barbiturates; D011324:Primidone; D008618:Mephobarbital