A palindromic element in the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat binds retinoic acid receptors and can confer retinoic acid responsiveness on a heterologous promoter.
A palindromic element (site B) located between bases -328 and -347 (relative to the start site of transcription) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) was shown in a gel mobility shift assay to bind the human retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Greatly enhanced binding to this site was observed in the presence of both RAR and the retinoid X receptor. Retinoic acid responsiveness in F9 cells could be conferred on a thymidine kinase promoter by the presence of single or multiple copies of site B and responsiveness was abolished when this sequence was mutated to a form that could not bind RARs. However, the presence of this sequence did not render the HIV-1 LTR responsive to retinoic acid in F9 cells.
Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, England.
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Orchard
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Lang
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Harris
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Collins
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Latchman
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics*; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin