Differential contribution of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene products and cellular factors to the activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus.
We have previously reported that infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activates expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus in T cells. Activation of the HIV-1 provirus correlated with the activation of binding of 55- and 85-kDa proteins to the kappa B enhancer and binding of the 50-kDa HLP-1 protein to the LBP-1 sequences of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Further examination of this system has shown that the inhibition of HSV-1 replication by the antiviral drug acyclovir does not inhibit HSV-1-mediated induction of HIV-1 provirus. Surprisingly, the NF-kappa B and HLP-1 binding activities were substantially inhibited in acyclovir-treated cells. In the transient-transfection assay, ICP0, but not ICP4, activated the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter region and the effect of ICP0 was greatly enhanced in the presence of the NF-kappa B binding proteins, suggesting that induction of the HIV-1 provirus involves cooperation between the HSV-1-activated cellular factor, NF-kappa B, and the virus-encoded transactivator, ICP0.
Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231.
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D000212:Acyclovir / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C051804:Vmw110 protein, Human herpesvirus 1; D000212:Acyclovir