The lipophilic weak base (Z)-5-methyl-2-[2-(1-naphthyl)ethenyl]-4-piperidinopyridine (AU-1421) is a potent protonophore type cationic uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
The lipophilic weak base AU-1421 acts as a simple protonophoric uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria judging from the following observations. In the absence of any carrier lipophilic anions or P(i), AU-1421 stimulated the rate of state 4 respiration maximally about 7-fold at a concentration of 30 nmol/mg mitochondrial protein. At the same maximum effective concentration, it also inhibited ATP synthesis, released oligomycin-inhibited state 3 respiration, dissipated the proton motive force in the energized state, and activated latent H(+)-ATPase. AU-1421 also allowed proton conduction in both mitochondrial membranes and liposomes. These actions of AU-1421 resemble those of the typical anionic uncoupler SF6847. A marked difference between the two was, however, that ATPase activation by AU-1421 was not suppressed at higher concentrations of AU-1421, whereas ATPase activated by SF6847 was suppressed on increase of the SF6847 concentration. The finding that this simple protonophoric cation acts as an uncoupler at a micromolar concentration is significant, because all true (i.e., protonophore type) uncouplers known so far are anionic not cationic. Thus, AU-1421 is a unique uncoupler of the protonophore type.
Nagamune
H
H
Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Japan.
Fukushima
Y
Y
Takada
J
J
Yoshida
K
K
Unami
A
A
Shimooka
T
T
Terada
H
H
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004579:Electron Transport; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011522:Protons; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
D009281:Naphthalenes; D011522:Protons; D011725:Pyridines; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; C063370:AU 1421; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010100:Oxygen