Pyrophosphate metabolism in the perfused heart and isolated heart mitochondria and its role in regulation of mitochondrial function by calcium.
1. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were treated, either alone or in combination, with acetate, adrenaline or supraphysiological [Ca2+] to mimic increased workload. No significant increases in the PPi content of the freeze-clamped tissue were observed. 2. In contrast with liver mitochondria, isolated rat heart mitochondria incubated at a free [Mg2+] of 1.5 mM showed little or no increase in matrix PPi content or volume in the presence of 0.75 microM Ca2+; neither did 5 mM acetate cause heart mitochondrial PPi to increase. 3. At 0.1 mM Mg2+ some increase in matrix PPi content of heart mitochondria was observed, and increases in liver mitochondria were significantly greater. 4. Substantial increases in heart mitochondrial-matrix PPi content were observed at 1.5 mM Mg2+ when [Ca2+] > 1 microM, especially in the presence of acetate, or at 0.75 microM Ca2+ in the presence of bongkrekic acid to inhibit the adenine nucleotide translocase. 5. Total pyrophosphatase activity was similar in heart and liver mitochondrial matrix extract and toluene-permeabilized mitochondria. 6. These data suggest that under physiological conditions Ca2+ does not regulate heart mitochondrial [PPi], because higher matrix [Mg2+] overcomes the inhibition of pyrophosphatase by Ca2+, and also significant loss of PPi from the matrix on the adenine nucleotide translocase may occur. 7. It is concluded that, in contrast with the situation in liver [Halestrap (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 973, 355-382], Ca(2+)-induced PPi-mediated increases in mitochondrial volume are unlikely to play a physiological role in the heart. 8. The substantial swelling of liver and kidney mitochondria caused by addition of supraphysiological [Ca2+] (20 nmol/mg of protein) was associated with significant increases in PPi content, but was not observed in heart mitochondria. 9. This substantiates the role that we have proposed for PPi in the opening of a non-specific pore by Ca2+ overload of mitochondria [Halestrap and Davidson (1990) Biochem. J. 268, 153-160].
Griffiths
E J
EJ
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, U.K.
Halestrap
A P
AP
D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D043564:Inorganic Pyrophosphatase; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D011756:Diphosphates; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D043564:Inorganic Pyrophosphatase; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium