Human immunodeficiency virus-associated systemic lymphomas may be subdivided into two main groups according to Epstein-Barr viral latent gene expression.
OBJECTIVE
We report a pathologic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated systemic lymphomas, including the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in different categories.


METHODS
Eighty-seven HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were classified according to classic NHL classification and a recent description of morphologic variants of high-grade B-cell NHL. Seventy-one cases were immunophenotypically-genotypically characterized, whereas, in 49 representative cases, the association of EBV was assessed by nonisotopic in situ hybridization (ISH) and the immunohistochemical demonstration of latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1). In addition, 14 Hodgkin's disease (HD) cases, occurring in patients with HIV infection, were investigated for the frequency of LMP-1 expression.


RESULTS
Most lymphomas were of B-cell derivation and showed a blastic cell morphology, with (1) small noncleaved cells (SNCCs; 36 cases), (2) large noncleaved cells (10 cases), and (3) immunoblasts, usually polymorphic (12 cases). Moreover, 12 cases were classified as anaplastic large-cell (ALC) Ki-1-positive (Ki-1+) lymphoma. Combined ISH studies (for viral DNA and EBV RNA [EBER]) and immunohistologic demonstration of LMP-1 suggested that there were differences in viral latent gene expression between ALC Ki-1+ or immunoblastic lymphomas (usually EBV+, LMP-1+), and EBV-infected cells of SNCC lymphomas, which did not show LMP-1 expression. A high proportion (10 of 14) of LMP-1+ HD cases was found.


CONCLUSIONS
Differences in EBV association and LMP-1 expression were found between a major group of HIV-associated systemic NHL with blastic cell morphology, including SNCC lymphoma and its variants, and anaplastic cell lymphomas. A proportion of immunoblastic (polymorphic) lymphomas was different in viral latent gene expression from other blastic cell systemic lymphomas. It is concluded that only a group of these lymphomas (most ALC Ki-1+ and HD cases, along with a nonnegligible fraction of immunoblastic lymphomas) seems to be linked etiopathologically to EBV.
Carbone
A
A
Division of Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Aviano, Italy.
Tirelli
U
U
Gloghini
A
A
Volpe
R
R
Boiocchi
M
M
D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*