[Studies in oocyte maturation and embryonic development].
A clearer understanding of biochemical properties of oocytes and embryos and their changes in oocyte maturation and embryonic development may have significant clinical implications, especially for in vitro fertilization techniques. Microtechniques and highly sensitive methods such as enzymatic cycling, micro-Western analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and so on were employed to study these processes. Low hexokinase activity and high activities of enzymes in the phosphate pathway were characteristic of immature oocytes. During maturation, the activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase increased significantly. These changes were used to analyze involvement of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and prostaglandins (PG) in oocyte maturation. EGF is shown to stimulate maturation by increasing PG production in granulosa cells. Electrophysiologically, the sensitivity of oocyte to inositol triphosphate increased and Ca2+ release system developed during maturation. Progesterone production of oocyte and embryos are shown by enzymatic cycling and other methods using radiometry. This hormone produced by embryos themselves may play a role in embryonic development in intracrine fasion. There is 100-fold increase in glucose uptake from oocyte to blastocyst in mice. A switch in substrate preference of the embryo from pyruvate to glucose during preimplantation development may be explained by increases in the activity of hexokinase and expression of glucose transporter, GLUT1. Hexokinase activities determined by NADP cycling increased 20-fold while expression of GLUT1 assessed by micro-Western method 10-fold. GLUT1 expression was also analyzed by RT-PCR, which indicated that the expression is regulated at transcription level. There is a delay in the developmental changes in glucose uptake, hexokinase activity and GLUT1 expression when the embryos are developed in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
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Tsutsumi
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009865:Oocytes / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
D006062:Gonadotropins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium