Protein kinase C and annexins: unusual calcium response elements in the cell.
Protein kinase C and the annexins appear to share some unusual and potentially important membrane- and calcium-binding properties. While these proteins are calcium response elements, they are not calcium-binding proteins in the formal sense; at intracellular calcium concentrations, they only bind significant amounts of calcium when membranes or other suitable surfaces are present. The number of calcium ions bound per protein is large (> 8) and this stoichiometry, at the protein-membrane interface, may provide the large number of contact points needed for the very high-affinity interaction that is observed. The further ability of annexins and PKC to form structures with properties of integral membrane proteins may be important to provide a type of long-term cell signalling that produces a constitutively active kinase or ion channel activity. Selectivity for phospholipids in bilayer form is modest with respect to the acidic phospholipids but there is a surprising preference for phosphatidylethanolamine as the neutral phospholipid matrix. Along with other unusual properties, these proteins offer the potential for unique types of cell regulation events.
Bazzi
M D
MD
Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, St Paul 55108.
Nelsestuen
G L
GL
D000818:Animals; D017302:Annexins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D017302:Annexins; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D002118:Calcium