Recombinant immunoblot assays for hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected US Navy personnel.
The prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, and D viruses was studied in 467 military personnel with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by first-generation ELISA was found in 136 (29%). Of sera repeatedly reactive for anti-HCV by first-generation ELISA, two-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) was positive in 41 (32%) and four-antigen RIBA was positive in 55 (41%). Four-antigen RIBA was positive in 33 (30%) of the 109 with an OD on ELISA of < or = 2.0 compared with 22 (81%) of the 27 with an OD > 2.0 (P < .001). Anti-HCV detected by four-antigen RIBA was associated with increasing age, black or Hispanic race, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. When patients with hepatitis B surface antigen were excluded, elevated alanine aminotransferase was found in 5 (8%) of 63 with a negative RIBA and 13 (28%) of 47 with a positive RIBA (P = .006). While RIBA was negative in more than half of those with anti-HCV by ELISA, 55 (12%) of these HIV-1 infected personnel had anti-HCV detected by RIBA, which was associated with a strong reaction by ELISA, elevated liver enzymes, coinfection with hepatitis B, minority race, and older age.
Bryan
J P
JP
Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799.
Sjogren
M H
MH
Malone
J L
JL
MacArthy
P
P
Kao
T C
TC
Wagner
K
K
Sheffield
J
J
Smith
E
E
Perine
P L
PL
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009326:Naval Medicine; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications; D014481:United States
D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D000410:Alanine Transaminase