Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and the control of glycolysis by growth factors, tumor promoters and oncogenes.
Tumor and proliferating cells maintain a high glycolytic rate even under aerobic conditions. The discovery of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, a potent stimulator of glycolysis, has prompted a re-investigation of this phenomenon. Rat hepatoma cells and fibroblasts stimulated by mitogens or transformed by the Rous sarcoma virus carrying the v-src oncogene were used as models. The results indicate that in established lines of hepatoma cells the biochemical properties of the bifunctional enzyme, PFK-2/FBPase-2, involved in the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, differ from those of the enzyme from normal liver. In addition, the stimulation of glycolysis induced by phorbol esters and pp60v-src can be explained by an increase in the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and an activation of PFK-2. The mechanism of stimulation involves the transcription of a gene whose product activates PFK-2 or is a distinct PFK-2 isozyme. Finally, mercaptopurines were found to block fructose 2,6-bisphosphate synthesis in vitro and in lymphocytes and lymphoblastic cells. In these cells, this resulted in an inhibition of glycolysis.
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Hormone and Metabolic Research Unit, University of Louvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium.
Rousseau
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GG
D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D005635:Fructosediphosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009857:Oncogenes; D010732:Phosphofructokinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism
D002273:Carcinogens; D005635:Fructosediphosphates; D006133:Growth Substances; C027652:fructose 2,6-diphosphate; D010732:Phosphofructokinase-1; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase