Variability in response to D-penicillamine: pharmacokinetic insights.
D-Penicillamine (D-Pen) is one of a group of chemically similar drugs which are efficacious in rheumatoid arthritis and which have similar patterns of biotransformation and similar toxicity. These similarities suggest associations between the transformations of D-Pen and it's toxicity and efficacy. Oxidation, methylation, formation of stable adducts with protein, interaction with metals and reduction of oxygen species have been shown in-vivo or in-vitro. Metabolism to a sulphoxide may occur and may be relevant to toxicity. Intracellular concentrations of D-Pen and metabolites are largely unknown.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands.
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D001711:Biotransformation / Q000502:physiology; D004220:Disulfides / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000378:metabolism
D004220:Disulfides; D005609:Free Radicals; D008670:Metals; D013454:Sulfoxides; D010396:Penicillamine; D010100:Oxygen