Enhanced stimulation by ribavirin of the 5'-phosphorylation and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of purine 2'-beta-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides.
The purine dideoxynucleosides 2'-beta-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (2'-beta-F-ddAdo), 2'-beta-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyinosine, and 2'-beta-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (2'-beta-F-ddGuo) are active inhibitors of the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the ATH8 assay system, with 2'-beta-F-ddAdo and 2'-beta-fluoro-2',3'- dideoxyinosine showing activity and potency equivalent to those of their respective parent compounds, 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddAdo) and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine. Because inhibitors of IMP dehydrogenase such as ribavirin and tiazofurin stimulate the 5'-phosphorylation and consequently the anti-HIV activity of the three nonfluorinated parent compounds (ddAdo, 2',3'-dideoxyinosine, and 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine), we have undertaken a study in MOLT-4 cells to determine whether a similar stimulatory effect is observed with their 2'-beta-fluorinated analogs. The 5'-phosphorylation of all the fluoro compounds was found to be greatly enhanced by low levels (10 microM) of either ribavirin or tiazofurin, with the greatest increase being seen with 2'-beta-F-ddAdo, where stimulation of the formation of the 5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphorylated nucleotides was approximately 20-fold, 6-fold, and 5-fold, respectively. These increases were approximately 3-fold greater than the increases seen with the nonfluorinated parent compound ddAdo. In the case of 2'-beta-F-ddGuo, the greatest stimulation (8-fold) was seen in the formation of the 5'-diphosphate. In parallel with the increased phosphorylation of 2'-beta-F-ddAdo and 2'-beta-F-ddGuo, the anti-HIV potency of these two compounds at the 5 microM level was approximately doubled in the presence of ribavirin (5 microM).
Johns
D G
DG
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Ahluwalia
G S
GS
Cooney
D A
DA
Mitsuya
H
H
Driscoll
J S
JS
D016049:Didanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016048:Dideoxyadenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011684:Purine Nucleosides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D011684:Purine Nucleosides; C083225:2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine; C083218:2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyinosine; C073072:lodenosine; D012254:Ribavirin; D016048:Dideoxyadenosine; D016049:Didanosine