Release of cytokines induced by Salmonella typhimurium porins.
Salmonella typhimurium SH5014 porins induce the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and IL-6 by human monocytes and of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 by human lymphocytes. Porins at 1 microgram/ml induce the greatest release of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-6 by monocytes and of IL-4 by lymphocytes, while porins at 5 micrograms/ml induce the greatest release of IFN-gamma by lymphocytes. The R form of lipopolysaccharide (LPS-R) induces the greatest release of TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha by monocytes when used at a low concentration (1 microgram/ml). At higher concentrations (5 and 10 micrograms/ml, respectively), LPS-R induces the maximal release of IL-6 from monocytes and the maximal release of IL-4 from lymphocytes. The S form of LPS (LPS-S) induces the greatest release of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-6 by monocytes and that of IL-4 by lymphocytes when used at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. After stimulation with LPS-S, the largest quantity of TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha released was less than that obtained after stimulation with LPS-R at the same concentration, while the quantity of IL-6 released was found to be slightly higher than that obtained after stimulation with porins or LPS-R. LPS-S (1 microgram/ml) induces IFN-gamma release from lymphocytes in notably smaller quantities than that obtained with LPS-R and slightly larger quantities than that obtained with porins. The preparation of porins used was found to be contaminated with 10 pg of LPS per 10 micrograms of porins, a quantity which was found to have no biological effect; furthermore, porin preparations with the addition of polymyxin B gave the same results.
Microbiology Institute, First Medical School, University of Naples, Italy.
F
F
Galdiero
G C
GC
de L'ero
N
N
Benedetto
M
M
Galdiero
M A
MA
Tufano
D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018272:Porins; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018272:Porins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma