Efficacy of 2-cm surgical margins for intermediate-thickness melanomas (1 to 4 mm). Results of a multi-institutional randomized surgical trial.
BACKGROUND
A prospective, multi-institutional, randomized surgical trial involving 486 localized melanoma patients was conducted to determine whether excision margins for intermediate-thickness melanomas (1.0 to 4.0 mm) could be safely reduced from the standard 4-cm radius.


METHODS
Patients with 1- to 4-mm-thick melanomas on the trunk or proximal extremities were randomly assigned to receive either a 2- or 4-cm surgical margin.


RESULTS
The median follow-up time was 6 years. The local recurrence rate was 0.8% for 2-cm margins and 1.7% for 4-cm margins (p value not significant [NS]). The rates of in-transit metastases were 2.1% and 2.5%, respectively (p = NS). Of the six patients with local recurrences, five have died. Recurrence rates did not correlate with surgical margins, even among stratified thickness groups. The overall 5-year survival rate was 79.5% for the 2-cm margin patients and 83.7% for the 4-cm margin patients (p = NS). The need for skin grafting was reduced from 46% with 4-cm surgical margins to 11% with 2-cm surgical margins (p < 0.001). The hospital stay was shortened from 7.0 days for patients receiving 4-cm surgical margins to 5.2 days for those receiving 2-cm margins (p = 0.0001). This reduction was largely due to reduced need for skin grafting, since the hospital stay for those who had a skin graft was 2.5 days longer than that for those who had a primary wound closure (p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Margins of excision can be safely reduced to 2 cm for patients with intermediate-thickness melanomas. The narrower margins significantly reduced the need for skin grafting and shortened the hospital stay.
Balch
C M
CM
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
Urist
M M
MM
Karakousis
C P
CP
Smith
T J
TJ
Temple
W J
WJ
Drzewiecki
K
K
Jewell
W R
WR
Bartolucci
A A
AA
Mihm
M C
MC
Barnhill
R
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*