Chemotherapy for minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M0). A report on five cases and review of the literature.
With the objective of establishing the optimal therapy for minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M0), we examined the therapeutic results of five AML-M0 cases and reviewed the literature. In a series of 63 patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia who were admitted to the Main Hospital of Nippon Medical School, five patients fit the criteria for AML-M0: negative myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Sudan black B reaction by light microscopy, negative for B- and T-lineage markers, and positive for myeloid markers. They were treated by means of AdVP [adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone (PSL)] therapy and/or BHAC-DMP [behenoylcytosine arabinoside (BHAC), daunorubicin (DNR), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), and PSL] therapy. The AdVP therapy was unsuccessful in the two patients who received it, while a complete remission (CR) was achieved with the BHAC-DMP therapy in three of four patients. Although one patient treated with BHAC-DMP did not achieve CR, his blasts were apparently sensitive to the therapy. In assessable cases in the literature where leukemic blasts were MPO-negative, myeloid marker-positive and B- and T-lineage marker-negative, CR was achieved in 54.5% and 44.4% with anti-acute myeloid leukemia therapy and anti-acute lymphocytic leukemia therapy, respectively. Five cases in the literature were treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen containing BHAC [or cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)], DNR, and 6-MP, and all achieved CR. The regimen containing BHAC (or Ara-C), DNR, and 6-MP may be useful as induction chemotherapy for AML-M0.
Yokose
N
N
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
Ogata
K
K
Ito
T
T
Miyake
K
K
An
E
E
Inokuchi
K
K
Yamada
T
T
Gomi
S
S
Tanabe
Y
Y
Ohki
I
I
D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001391:Azo Compounds; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009281:Naphthalenes; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012074:Remission Induction
D001391:Azo Compounds; D009281:Naphthalenes; D003561:Cytarabine; D011239:Prednisolone; C016118:Sudan Black B; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D009195:Peroxidase; D003630:Daunorubicin