Pharmacokinetics of 2-fluorodideoxycytidine (2FddC) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
1. The aim of this study was to estimate an oral dosage regimen of 2FddC giving peak plasma drug concentrations close to the antiretroviral IC50 of 150 ng ml-1. 2. A total of 55 doses (40 intravenous infusions and 15 oral solutions) were given to 21 patients. One group (n = 6-11) received single doses of 0.01 mg kg-1 intravenously (i.v.), 0.1 mg kg-1 i.v. and 0.1 mg kg-1 orally (p.o.) in that order. The other group (n = 8-10) received single doses of 0.03 mg kg-1 i.v., 0.3 mg kg-1 i.v. and 0.3 mg kg-1 p.o. in that order. Blood and urine samples were collected up to 24 h after each dose for drug assay by h.p.l.c.-u.v. 3. The peak plasma concentrations of 2FddC were proportional to dosage across the range 0.03 to 0.3 mg kg-1. After intravenous dosing, the mean (%CV) volume of distribution was 60 (28) 1 and the mean (CV%) plasma clearance was 23 (23) 1 h-1. On average, 71% of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine and renal clearance exceeded concurrent creatinine clearance. 4. Plasma concentrations reached mean peaks of 37 and 96 ng ml-1 after oral doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg kg-1, respectively. The mean absolute bioavailability was 50% within a 95% confidence interval of 20 to 80%. 5. The adverse events were usually mild or moderate in severity and were generally attributed to the disease rather than the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Williams
P E
PE
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Department, Roche Products Ltd, Hertfordshire, England.
Muirhead
G J
GJ
Sereni
D
D
Rousseau
F S
FS
Edelman
K
K
Hooker
M
M
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016047:Zalcitabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D000998:Antiviral Agents; C065050:1-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoropentofuranosyl)cytosine; D016047:Zalcitabine