Effect of a soybean hull:soy lecithin:soapstock mixture on ruminal digestion and performance of growing beef calves and lactating dairy cattle.
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of a soybean hull, soy lecithin, and soapstock mixture on ruminal fiber and protein digestion, growth efficiency of beef calves, and lactational performance of dairy cattle. An initial mixing experiment determined that a 4:1 ratio (DM basis) of soy lecithin:soapstock could be added to soybean hulls at 15% (wt/wt, DM basis); this mixture had acceptable mixing and handling characteristics. Dietary addition of a mixture of 85% soybean hulls, 12% soy lecithin, and 3% soapstock (DM basis; SLS) to provide 0, 3, 5, or 7% supplemental fat resulted in a linear (P < .01) decrease in in situ rate of ruminal NDF digestion with no effect on rate of CP digestion. Daily gain, DMI, and feed efficiency (kilograms of gain/kilogram of DMI) of growing beef calves were not affected (P > .10) as graded levels of SLS replaced corn grain. However, as graded levels of SLS replaced soybean hulls, daily gain and feed efficiency increased linearly (P < .01). Based on the results of these trials, Holstein dairy cattle were fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets that contained either high levels of nonfiber carbohydrates (43%) and no added fat, 1% ruminally inert fat, a 6% level of SLS, or a 12% SLS level (all on DM basis). Efficiency of 4% fat-corrected milk production (kilograms of milk/kilogram of DMI) was greatest for cows fed SLS at 6% of dietary DM. The SLS mixture was an excellent source of fiber and vegetable fat, comparable in feeding value to corn grain, for inclusion in the diets of beef calves and dairy cows.
Shain
D H
DH
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908.
Sindt
M H
MH
Grant
R J
RJ
Klopfenstein
T J
TJ
Stock
R A
RA
D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology*; D013025:Glycine max; D015430:Weight Gain
D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines