The orphan receptors NGFI-B and steroidogenic factor 1 establish monomer binding as a third paradigm of nuclear receptor-DNA interaction.
We examined in detail the DNA interaction of the nuclear receptors NGFI-B and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) by using a series of gain-of-function domain swaps. NGFI-B bound with high affinity as a monomer to a nearly linear DNA molecule. The prototypic zinc modules interacted with a half-site of the estrogen receptor class, and a distinct protein motif carboxy terminal to the zinc modules (the A box) interacted with two A/T base pairs 5' to the half-site. SF-1 bound in the same manner as NGFI-B, with an overlapping but distinct sequence requirement 5' to the half-site. The key features that distinguished the NGFI-B and SF-1 interactions were an amino group in the minor groove of the SF-1 binding sequence and an asparagine in the SF-1 A box. These results define a common mechanism of NGFI-B and SF-1 DNA binding, which may underlie a competitive mechanism of gene regulation in steroidogenic tissues that express these proteins. This monomer-DNA interaction represents a third paradigm of DNA binding by nuclear receptors in addition to direct and inverted dimerization.
Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110.
T E
TE
Wilson
T J
TJ
Fahrner
J
J
Milbrandt
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016335:Zinc Fingers
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA