Intranasal immunization against herpes simplex virus infection by using a recombinant glycoprotein D fused with immunomodulating proteins, the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and interleukin-2.
To establish a novel strategy of mucosal immunization against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, we studied the immune responses elicited by intranasal immunization with several forms of a recombinant glycoprotein D (gD) of HSV-1. A truncated gD (t-gD) co-administered with heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) from Escherichia coli induced both a mucosal immune response involving secretion of anti-gD IgA and serum IgG production. The levels of these responses are comparable to those in mice which have recovered from intranasal HSV-1 infections. The fusion protein (t-gD-LTB), consisting of t-gD and LTB, induced the responses more efficiently than did co-administration of t-gD and LTB, although GM1 ganglioside binding activity was significantly reduced in t-gD-LTB. We found that another fusion protein, consisting of t-gD and human interleukin-2 (t-gD-IL-2), also elicited antibody responses comparable to those induced by t-gD-LTB. Immunity acquired by intranasal immunization with t-gD-IL-2 protected mice from intraperitoneal HSV-1 infections, whereas t-gD-LTB or t-gD alone failed to provide protection against infection. Even in a mouse strain that responded highly to subcutaneously administered gD, intranasally administered t-gD did not elicit antibody responses. The lack of response to gD was clearly abrogated by co-administration with IL-2, and administration of t-gD-IL-2 induced an excellent level of antibody responses in this strain. These results suggest that the IL-2 fusion strategy yields a new type of mucosal immunization, the mechanism of which differs from that speculated for the mucosal adjuvant activity of LTB.
Hazama
M
M
Biology Research Laboratory, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
Mayumi-Aono
A
A
Miyazaki
T
T
Hinuma
S
S
Fujisawa
Y
Y
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C039447:glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli