Recombinant immunoblot assays for hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected US Navy personnel.
The prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, and D viruses was studied in 467 military personnel with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by first-generation ELISA was found in 136 (29%). Of sera repeatedly reactive for anti-HCV by first-generation ELISA, two-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) was positive in 41 (32%) and four-antigen RIBA was positive in 55 (41%). Four-antigen RIBA was positive in 33 (30%) of the 109 with an OD on ELISA of < or = 2.0 compared with 22 (81%) of the 27 with an OD > 2.0 (P < .001). Anti-HCV detected by four-antigen RIBA was associated with increasing age, black or Hispanic race, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. When patients with hepatitis B surface antigen were excluded, elevated alanine aminotransferase was found in 5 (8%) of 63 with a negative RIBA and 13 (28%) of 47 with a positive RIBA (P = .006). While RIBA was negative in more than half of those with anti-HCV by ELISA, 55 (12%) of these HIV-1 infected personnel had anti-HCV detected by RIBA, which was associated with a strong reaction by ELISA, elevated liver enzymes, coinfection with hepatitis B, minority race, and older age.
Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799.
J P
JP
Bryan
M H
MH
Sjogren
J L
JL
Malone
P
P
MacArthy
T C
TC
Kao
K
K
Wagner
J
J
Sheffield
E
E
Smith
P L
PL
Perine
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009326:Naval Medicine; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications; D014481:United States
D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D000410:Alanine Transaminase