Ryanodine receptors: how many, where and why?
Ryanodine receptors are intracellular Ca2+ channels that have been known for more than a decade to have a role in releasing Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to regulate contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibres. Vincenzo Sorrentino and Pompeo Volpe review some recent developments: the ryanodine receptor channels have now been found to be expressed in the central nervous system, and the cloning of a third ryanodine receptor gene (RYR3) has revealed that this new isoform is widely expressed in several tissues and cells. In consequence, the view of ryanodine receptors as Ca2+ channels of muscle cells is rapidly changing, and these channels seem set to take a more central position on the stage of intracellular Ca2+ signalling.
European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
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D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel
D015220:Calcium Channels; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel