Pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium in uraemic patients.
We studied the pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium in 11 uraemic patients undergoing cadaveric renal transplantation and in seven ASA I control patients undergoing general surgery. Glycopyrronium 4 micrograms kg-1 was given i.v. before induction of anaesthesia. Blood and urine samples were collected for up to 24 h for measurement of glycopyrronium concentrations using a radioreceptor assay. Volume of distribution in the elimination phase (V beta) was similar in both groups, the elimination half-life (T1/2 beta) was longer (P < 0.05), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) larger (P < 0.01) and plasma clearance (CI) smaller (P < 0.01) in the uraemic patients. In 3 h, mean 0.7 (range 0-3)% and 50 (21-82)% of glycopyrronium was excreted in the urine in the uraemic and healthy patients, respectively (P < 0.001). The 24-h renal excretion was 7 (0-25)% in uraemic and 65 (30-99)% in control patients (P < 0.001). We conclude that the elimination of glycopyrronium is severely impaired in uraemic patients.
Department of Anaesthesia, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
M
M
Kirvelä
T
T
Ali-Melkkilä
T
T
Kaila
E
E
Iisalo
L
L
Lindgren
D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology; D014511:Uremia / Q000378:metabolism*
D006024:Glycopyrrolate