A comparative study of free radicals in vertebrates--I. Antioxidant enzymes.
1. Five antioxidant enzymes and cytochrome oxidase were measured in three vital organs of seven animal species of different vertebrate classes. 2. Minimal superoxide dismutase activities were found in the brain of homeotherms and in the lung of amphibia. Catalase (CAT) was maximal in liver and minimal in brain. 3. Possession of both Se dependent and independent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is widespread in vertebrate organs. Similarities in tissue distribution were found among enzymes which use hydroperoxides (Se and non-Se GPx and CAT) or glutathione (both GPx and glutathione reductase) as substrates. 4. The results also suggest that the high aerobic capacity of the liver strongly influences the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in this tissue across vertebrate species, whereas other factors such as tissue pO2 can be more important in the lung.
Pérez-Campo
R
R
Department of Animal Biology II (Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
López-Torres
M
M
Rojas
C
C
Cadenas
S
S
Barja
G
G
D000663:Amphibians; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D001717:Birds; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism*; D005609:Free Radicals; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D012377:Rodentia; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014337:Trout
D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D012643:Selenium