Transformation-associated cytokine 9E3/CEF4 is chemotactic for chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
9E3/CEF4, which is released from transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), is a member of the platelet factor 4 family of inflammatory proteins and may be the avian homolog of interleukin-8. Since the function of 9E3/CEF4 is unknown, we examined the effect of the protein on mitogenicity and chemotaxis, as well as its expression, in fibroblasts and peripheral blood cells. 9E3/CEF4 mRNA was expressed in chicken peripheral blood monocytes, and its expression was stimulated by incubation of the monocytes with lipopolysaccharide or phorbol myristic acetate. Boyden double-membrane analysis of chemotaxis showed that 9E3/CEF4 was chemotactic for chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as for heterophils. Untransformed CEF and CEF transformed with Rous sarcoma virus also migrated to 9E3/CEF4 protein, as measured by Boyden single-membrane analysis. 9E3/CEF4 was slightly mitogenic for CEF, causing a doubling of [3H]thymidine uptake when added to serum-starved CEF.9E3/CEF4 was found associated not only with the cell and in the culture medium of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed CEF but also with the extracellular matrix. The in vivo role of 9E3/CEF4 may be involved with chemotaxis and metastasis, rather than with direct stimulation of mitogenicity.
Barker
K A
KA
Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021-6399.
Hampe
A
A
Stoeckle
M Y
MY
Hanafusa
H
H
D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins; D001358:Avian Sarcoma Viruses; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
D030161:Avian Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; C071280:EMF-1 protein, Gallus gallus; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate