Immunopotentiation of bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines by interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2.
Three experiments, using 85 crossbred beef calves, were conducted to evaluate the adjuvanticity of single, multiple, and combined doses of recombinant bovine IL-1 beta (rBoIL-1 beta) and recombinant bovine IL-2 (rBoIL-2), with a modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1/parainfluenza-3 (BHV-1/PI-3) virus vaccine and a killed bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus vaccine. Cytokines were administered intramuscularly at vaccination but at different injection sites. All cytokine treatments increased non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytolytic capability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) against virus-infected target cells and serum neutralizing (SN) antibody titers to BHV-1 and BVD virus. Multiple, consecutive injections of rBoIL-2 generally showed the greatest adjuvant effect, and no additive effect was observed when rBoIL-1 beta and rBoIL-2 were administered together. In a challenge experiment, calves were vaccinated with a modified-live BHV-1/PI-3 vaccine and infected with BHV-1 on Day 21. Cytokine-treated calves had higher SN antibody titers to BHV-1 than did the control calves at the time of challenge. Calves that were administered rBoIL-2 on 5 consecutive days shed less BHV-1 and had the highest SN antibody titer to BHV-1 (Day 28). These data suggest that rBoIL-1 beta and rBoIL-2 may be useful immunoadjuvants for bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines.
Department of Anatomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
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D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology*; D007241:Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines