GPI- and transmembrane-anchored influenza hemagglutinin differ in structure and receptor binding activity.
We investigated the influence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor on the ectodomain of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) by replacing the wild type (wt) transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains with a GPI lipid anchor. GPI-anchored HA (GPI-HA) was transported to the cell surface with equal efficiency and at the same rate as wt-HA. Like wt-HA, cell surface GPI-HA, and its ectodomain released with the enzyme PI-phospholipase C (PI-PLC), were 9S trimers. Compared to wt-HA, the GPI-HA ectodomain underwent additional terminal oligosaccharide modifications; some of these occurred near the receptor binding pocket and completely inhibited the ability of GPI-HA to bind erythrocytes. Growth of GPI-HA-expressing cells in the presence of the mannosidase I inhibitor deoxymannojirimycin (dMM) abrogated the differences in carbohydrate modification and restored the ability of GPI-HA to bind erythrocytes. The ectodomain of GPI-HA produced from cells grown in the presence or absence of dMM underwent characteristic low pH-induced conformational changes (it released its fusion peptides and became hydrophobic and proteinase sensitive) but at 0.2 and 0.4 pH units higher than wt-HA, respectively. These results demonstrate that although GPI-HA forms a stable trimer with characteristics of the wt, its structure is altered such that its receptor binding activity is abolished. Our results show that transmembrane and GPI-anchored forms of the same ectodomain can exhibit functionally important differences in structure at a great distance from the bilayer.
Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0450.
G W
GW
Kemble
Y I
YI
Henis
J M
JM
White
D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D016466:CHO Cells; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002678:Chimera; D006224:Cricetinae; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D043265:Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase; D054801:Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000494:pharmacology; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*
D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D054801:Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C; D043265:Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase