title: Enzyme immunoassay based survey of precipitation and surface water for the presence of atrazine, metolachlor and 2,4-D.
abstract: The suitability of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as a method of analysis for 2,4-D, atrazine and metolachlor contamination in water samples was determined by comparing EIA results to gas chromatography (GC) results. The comparison of EIA and GC results yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.92, 0.98 and 0.92 for 2,4-D, atrazine and metolachlor, respectively. EIA was used to monitor seasonal trends in the concentrations of 2,4-D, atrazine and metolachlor in surface water and precipitation throughout the province of Ontario, Canada. 2,4-D was detected in excess of 4 micrograms/L in urban creeks during the period of application. Concentrations of 43 and 9 micrograms/L of atrazine and metolachlor, respectively, were detected during the field application period in surface water samples from the Kintore Creek watershed. The levels of 2,4-D, atrazine and metolachlor detected exceeded the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the protection of fresh water aquatic life. Concentrations as high as 445 and 322 ng/L of atrazine and metolachlor, respectively, were detected in precipitation samples collected from 17 locations in Ontario during the herbicide application period. The EIA was shown to be qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to GC analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Van Deynze
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Struger
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D000081:Acetamides / Q000032:analysis*; D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis*; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009864:Ontario; D012621:Seasons; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D006540:Herbicides; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D001280:Atrazine; C051786:metolachlor