title: Influence of tuberculosis on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1): enhanced cytokine expression and elevated beta 2-microglobulin in HIV-1-associated tuberculosis.
abstract: Tuberculosis results in activation of T cells and macrophages that may harbor latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Although such activation is beneficial to the host in terms of mycobacterial disease, it may be deleterious in terms of HIV-1. In Ugandan HIV-1-seropositive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, antigen-induced blastogenesis and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (a cytokine that induces expression of HIV-1 in latently infected cells) were 3-10 times greater than in controls. The mean serum beta 2-microglobulin level was 5.22 mg/L in recently diagnosed patients, significantly greater than levels in HIV-negative patients with tuberculosis or asymptomatic HIV-1-seropositive subjects. beta 2-microglobulin was significantly lower in subjects who had completed at least 2 months of antituberculous therapy. These observations suggest that HIV-1-associated tuberculosis is accompanied by immune activation that may result in increased HIV expression and accelerated progression to AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vjecha
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amir-Tahmasseb
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okwera
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Byekwaso
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nyole
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kabengera
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mugerwa
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ellner
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000032:analysis; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000276:immunology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D014373:Tuberculin; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin