[Fulminant hepatitis caused by disulfiram].
After undergoing withdrawal treatment for alcoholism as an in-patient for one year a 49-year-old woman was started on disulfiram, 250 mg daily, her liver function tests being normal. Except for vitamin B1 she received no further medication. Jaundice developed 13 days after onset of treatment and acute liver failure was diagnosed on the 18th day after a total disulfiram dose of 4.5 g (Quick value < 10%; bilirubin 460 mumol/l; GPT 5099 U/l; GOT 4142 U/l), as well as early renal failure (creatinine 300 mumol/l). An acute viral infection, autoimmune hepatitis and a metabolic liver disease were excluded by biochemical, serological and molecular biology tests. All toxicological tests were negative. The patient died 25 days after the onset of disulfiram treatment in hepatic coma due to a fulminant hepatitis with hepatorenal syndrome. Both a liver biopsy and the autopsy showed the signs of an acute hepatic dystrophy without cirrhosis. The temporal relationship between the disulfiram intake and onset of the illness, the exclusion of other causes of the fulminant hepatitis and the liver histology, which was compatible with a chemical-toxic hepatitis, indicate that this was a case of disulfiram-induced hepatitis. The hepatotoxicity of disulfiram is a very rare idiosyncratic reaction which is often fatal. Disulfiram administration must be discontinued at once if there is a rise in liver enzyme activity or jaundice occurs.
Zala
G
G
Medizinische Klinik, Stadtspital Waid, Zürich.
Schmid
M
M
Bühler
H
H
D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D001706:Biopsy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003422:Critical Care; D004221:Disulfiram / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis
D004221:Disulfiram