title: Angiotensin II regulates parathyroid hormone-related protein expression in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
abstract: Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a tumor product responsible for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia, is also produced in many normal tissues, including vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). As PTHrP exhibits vasodilatory properties, we postulated that other vasoactive agents may control PTHrP gene expression in SMC. Addition of angiotensin II to serum-deprived SMC resulted in a marked induction of PTHrP mRNA by 2 h, with a peak (6-10-fold) at 4-6 h. Angiotensin II effects on PTHrP gene expression were inhibited by saralasin, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, and blocked by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, suggesting a requirement for gene transcription and protein synthesis. Nuclear run-off assays revealed a 3-fold increase in PTHrP gene transcription 1 h after angiotensin II treatment. Angiotensin II also prolonged PTHrP mRNA half-life by 2-3-fold. Angiotensin-induced PTHrP mRNA is partially dependent on cyclooxygenase products and protein kinase C activation. Other vasoconstrictor substances, including serotonin and bradykinin, also stimulated PTHrP expression, whereas the vasodilator atrial natriuretic peptide did not. Addition of recombinant PTHrP-(1-141) significantly inhibited angiotensin II-induced SMC DNA synthesis. PTHrP expression is increased by angiotensin II through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. In addition, PTHrP modulates the effect of angiotensin II on SMC proliferation. This suggests that PTHrP acts locally in SMC, possibly to oppose the vasoactive and/or growth-promoting effects of vasoconstrictor agents such as angiotensin II.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pirola
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamyar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fagin
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D001769:Blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000804:Angiotensin II; D003609:Dactinomycin; D004247:DNA; D003513:Cycloheximide