title: Cytochrome P450TB (CYP2C): a major monooxygenase catalyzing diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation in human liver.
abstract: The nature of the enzyme(s) catalyzing the major metabolic pathway of diclofenac, 4'-hydroxylation, was investigated in human liver microsomes. Inhibition studies were performed with tolbutamide and sulfaphenazole (respectively the prototype substrate and a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450TB--CYP2C subfamily), and with phenytoin and (+/-)-warfarin, other proposed substrates of P450TB. Diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation displayed single enzyme Michaelis-Menten kinetics and was similar in microsomes from one poor and five extensive metabolizers of debrisoquin (CYP2D6), with a Km of 5.6 +/- 1.5 microM (mean +/- sd) and a Vmax of 60.6 +/- 23.5 nmol/mgP/h. Inhibition by tolbutamide, sulfaphenazole, phenytoin and (+/-)-warfarin was comparable in all livers, with values predicted from their Km or Ki for cytochrome P450TB determined in separate studies and a competitive inhibition model. Sulfaphenazole competitively inhibited diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation (Ki = 0.11 +/- 0.08 microM, n = 3). Diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation is predominantly catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 isozyme of the CYP2C subfamily, most likely CYP2C9. This particular isozyme therefore appears to be responsible for the oxidation of polar acidic substances such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from different chemical classes. It also constitutes a common site for drug interactions involving these compounds, as well as tolbutamide, phenytoin and warfarin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Pain Clinic, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leemann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Transon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dayer
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004008:Diclofenac; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase