title: Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx--analysis of treatment results.
abstract: The results of surgical treatment and causes of failure in 109 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx were analyzed. The 5-year survival was significantly related to the stage of the disease (stage I, 74%; stage II, 63%; stage III, 32%; and stage IV, 14%) and the preoperative nodal staging (N0, 57%; N1, 28%; N2, 6%; and N3, 0%), but not related to the extent of tumor resection. The local control rate was 86% and the majority of the local recurrences occurred at the upper resection margin. There was no significant difference in the local recurrence rate between those patients who had pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and those who had pharyngolaryngectomy. However, the resection-associated complications (bleeding, cardiac arrhythmia, pulmonary complications) were more frequent when total esophagectomy was performed. Reconstruction-associated complications such as wound infection and anastomotic leakage occurred less often after gastric pull-up reconstruction as compared with the use of myocutaneous flap, but was associated with more serious outcome after pharyngo-gastric anastomosis. Thirty-seven patients (34%) had neck node recurrences and these were significantly related to the preoperative nodal staging (N0, 20%; N1, 37%; N2, 48%; and N3, 83%). Additional primary cancers occurred in 17% of the patients and was a significant cause of death in those patients who survived more than 2 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection / Q000009:adverse effects; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology; D010611:Pharyngectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome