title: Extrapyramidal signs and other neurologic findings in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. A community-based study.
abstract: The association between findings on the neurologic examination and the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was investigated among 467 individuals from a geographically defined community population. Participants were selected by stratified random sampling based on their memory performance in a population survey of community residents 65 years of age and older. Each participant underwent a structured medical, psychiatric, neurologic, and neuropsychologic examination. Of the 467 persons examined there were 134 cases of probable Alzheimer's disease and 167 control subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the degree to which the presence of each of several neurologic examination findings affected the age- and sex-adjusted relative odds of having clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. The most striking associations with the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease were seen with various measures of extrapyramidal dysfunction. These increased relative odds were not markedly affected by excluding from the analysis cases with severe cognitive impairment. The results suggest that involvement of the extrapyramidal system is a common finding in Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Funkenstein
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Scherr
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chown
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pilgrim
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001132:Arm; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005116:Extrapyramidal Tracts / Q000503:physiopathology; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D009068:Movement; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011680:Pupil; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000503:physiopathology; D012018:Reflex; D012677:Sensation