title: Phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis activates NF-kappa B and increases human immunodeficiency virus replication in human monocytes and T lymphocytes.
abstract: We have tested whether breakdown of phosphatidylcholine (PC) initiated by exogenous addition of a PC-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) from Bacillus cereus or by endogenous overexpression of PC-PLC induces functional activation of NF-kappa B and increases human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enhancer activity. PC-PLC-activated hydrolysis of PC was found to induce bona fide p50/p65 NF-kappa B binding activity in three different cell lines of human or murine origin. No significant changes in the turnover of other cellular phospholipids were detected in PC-PLC-treated cells. Induction of NF-kappa B by PC-PLC did not depend on de novo synthesis of proteins or autocrine secretion of either tumor necrosis factor or interleukin 1. In human monocytic and lymphoblastoid T-cell lines, induction of NF-kappa B by PC-PLC resulted in clear induction of luciferase expression vectors placed under the control of synthetic kappa B enhancers or wild type, but not kappa B-mutated, HIV long terminal repeat constructs. HIV replication was increased by PC-PLC in chronically infected monocytes and T lymphocytes. NF-kappa B activation promoted by addition of exogenous PC-PLC correlated with an intense production of diacylglycerol. However, addition of a phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC from B. cereus also induced diacylglycerol but did not activate kappa B enhancer-directed vectors. PC-PLC-induced NF-kappa B activation could not be blocked by a specific inhibitor of phorbol ester-inducible protein kinases C. These results indicate that a cellular transduction pathway, dependent on specific PC breakdown, is functional in T lymphocytes and monocytes and may be used by various transmembrane receptors to activate HIV transcription through NF-kappa B-dependent induction of the HIV enhancer.
authors.affiliation: Unite d'Immunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arenzana-Seisdedos
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jacqué
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Diaz-Meco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moscat
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Virelizier
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010738:Type C Phospholipases