title: Atropine reduces experimental myopia and eye enlargement via a nonaccommodative mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the muscarinic antagonist atropine effectively reduces or prevents experimentally induced myopia via a nonaccommodative mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chicks were monocularly deprived (MD) of pattern vision by placement of a translucent occluder over the left eye. In two of the three MD groups, chicks received a series of intravitreal injections of atropine (n = 8) or saline vehicle (n = 8) with MD. Control groups (n = 8) of chicks were employed to assess the effects of MD, intravitreal injections, and drug effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In sham-injected or saline-injected MD chicks, 8 days of MD produced -18.5 D and -20.9 D of experimental myopia, respectively. In atropine-injected MD chicks, 8 days of MD produced only -2.8 D of experimental myopia. This significant reduction in experimentally induced myopia in atropine-injected MD chicks was associated with a marked reduction in the relative axial elongation of the deprived eye (0.21 mm) when compared to saline-injected or sham-injected MD chicks (1.04 mm and 1.00 mm). This reduction in axial length in atropine-injected MD chicks was predominantly the result of a reduction in vitreous chamber elongation, although a reduction in anterior segment depth also was observed. Mean equatorial diameter was significantly reduced in atropine-injected MD chicks compared to saline-injected and sham-injected MD chicks, although to a lesser extent. Control experiments demonstrated that intravitreally injected atropine did not reduce carbachol-induced accommodation or light-induced pupil constriction in the skeletal intraocular muscles of the chick eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that chronic administration of the muscarinic antagonist atropine prevents experimentally induced myopia in chick via a nonaccommodative mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, University of Wales, College of Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: McBrien
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Moghaddam
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Reeder
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D000818:Animals; D000886:Anthropometry; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002645:Chickens; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007267:Injections; D008027:Light; D009216:Myopia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D012160:Retina / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine