title: Preconcentration of heavy metals in urine and quantification by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
abstract: This paper describes a method for the determination of heavy metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb) in urine by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The method proposed requires purification of the samples with activated charcoal under acidic conditions before preconcentration by complexation with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC). The formed complexes are extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and the resulting residue is finally digested under acid oxidant conditions. Because of its low detection limit (below 10 micrograms/L), this procedure can be applied conveniently for toxicological diagnostic purposes.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Toxicología, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Artíguez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cameán
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Repetto
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000652:urine; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D003035:Cobalt / Q000652:urine; D003300:Copper / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000652:urine; D008670:Metals / Q000652:urine*; D008742:Methyl n-Butyl Ketone / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000652:urine; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D002104:Cadmium; D002606:Charcoal; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D007854:Lead; D003035:Cobalt; D008742:Methyl n-Butyl Ketone; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; C005458:methyl isobutyl ketone