title: Difficulties in classifying diabetes at presentation in the young adult.
abstract: All newly diagnosed diabetic patients in Sweden aged 15-34 years have been registered since 1983. In this study the clinical characteristics initially and after 2.5-3 years were evaluated by a questionnaire to the patient's physician and by non-fasting C-peptide. The study comprised patients registered 1983-84, and for 281 patients (37%), complete information was obtained. At diagnosis 75% were classified as Type 1, 19% as Type 2, and 6% as secondary diabetes or as uncertain by their physician. Twenty patients (7.1%) were reported to have ketoacidosis. Seventy-five percent were treated with insulin, 7% with oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHG), and 18% with diet alone. At follow-up 71% were classified as Type 1, 21% as Type 2, and 8% as secondary or uncertain while treatment was 82% insulin, 8% OHG, and 9% diet. During the follow-up period 42% of the initially non-insulin-treated patients were put on insulin whereas only a few stopped insulin treatment. Patients treated with diet or OHG at follow-up were older, had higher percent desirable weight, and lower blood glucose at diagnosis than patients treated with insulin. All except one patient had measurable random C-peptide at follow-up and mean values were for patients treated with insulin 0.55, OHG 1.41 and diet alone 1.29 nmol l-1. Random blood glucose results were similar. In conclusion the majority of newly diagnosed patients in the age group 15-34 years have the characteristics of Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes is rare before 25-30 years of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Linköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Arnqvist
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Littorin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scherstén
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blohmé
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lithner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wibell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology