title: Erythropoietin production. A potential marker for interleukin-2/interferon-responsive tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-2 (IL-2) recently was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of renal cell cancer. It is effective in a small minority of patients, but no markers identify individuals likely to respond to treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two polycythemic patients with erythropoietin-producing renal cell cancer and three other polycythemic patients with renal cell cancer were treated with the combination of IL-2 and alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All five patients achieved a partial or complete remission. In both patients in which it was measured, the erythropoietin level decreased significantly with treatment, and the polycythemia resolved in all patients. Hypothyroidism developed in two patients, and transient hyperthyroidism developed in another.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results contrast with those achieved with IL-2 alone or in combination with lymphokine-activated killer cells, for which a 15% response rate was seen in patients with renal cell cancer and polycythemia. Although less than 5% of renal cell tumors produce erythropoietin, its production may identify a subset of individuals with renal cell cancer responsive to IL-2 and alpha-IFN.
authors.affiliation: Biological Response Modifiers Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21701.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Janik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sznol
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Urba
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Figlin
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bukowski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fyfe
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belldegrun
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sharfman
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011086:Polycythemia / Q000150:complications; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D004921:Erythropoietin