title: Intracellular and extracellular magnesium depletion in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
abstract: To investigate alterations of magnesium metabolism in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, we utilized a new magnesium-specific selective ion electrode apparatus to measure serum ionized magnesium (Mg-io) in fasting subjects with and without Type 2 diabetes, and compared these values to levels of serum total magnesium, and of intracellular free magnesium (Mgi) analysed by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Both Mg-io (0.630 +/- 0.008 vs 0.552 +/- 0.008 mmol/l, p < 0.001) and Mgi (223.3 +/- 8.3 vs 184 +/- 13.7 mmol/l, p < 0.001), but not serum total magnesium, were significantly reduced in Type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic control subjects. Furthermore, a close relationship was observed between serum Mg-io and Mgi (r = 0.728, p < 0.001). We suggest that magnesium deficiency, both extracellular and intracellular, is a characteristic of chronic stable mild Type 2 diabetes, and as such, may predispose to the excess cardiovascular morbidity of the diabetic state. Furthermore, by more adequately reflecting cellular magnesium metabolism than total serum magnesium levels, Mg-io measurements may provide a more readily available tool than has heretofore been available to analyse magnesium metabolism in a variety of diseases.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Altura
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Laragh
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Alderman
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Altura
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008274:Magnesium