title: Efficacy and toxicity of multiagent chemotherapy and low-dose involved-field radiotherapy in children and adolescents with Hodgkin's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Between May 1980 and September 1990, 85 patients with Hodgkin's disease were treated with a regimen designed to increase cure rates while reducing late toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapy consisted of five cycles of cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine; Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, IN), and procarbazine (COP), alternated with four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) and low-dose (20 Gy) regional radiotherapy. Vincristine and cyclophosphamide were administered as tolerated during irradiation and during the 2- to 4-week rest period between radiation volumes. The need for staging laparotomy was defined by clinical presentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at diagnosis was 14 years (range, 4 to 20), and 56% of patients were male. The majority (67%) had stage III or IV disease and 68% (19 of 28) of stage II patients had bulky mediastinal disease. Nodular sclerosing histology predominated (67%). Ninety-three percent of patients were alive without disease with a median follow-up of 4.1 years. Abnormalities were detected on chest roentgenograms and/or pulmonary function tests in 58% and 25% of clinically asymptomatic patients who were tested at least 1 year after completion of therapy. The only symptomatic patient had pulmonary fibrosis after treatment with bleomycin (20 U/m2) and mantle (20 Gy)/lung (13 Gy) irradiation, and developed multiple spontaneous pneumothoraces that required cortical stripping. One patient had congestive heart failure 19 months post-treatment, and two had abnormalities on echocardiograms. Thyroid abnormalities occurred in 21 (27%) patients who were assessable for late toxicity. The majority of female patients have had regular menstrual cycles. Six developed ovarian failure, and 10 have had a total of 17 pregnancies. Other than one documented case of oligospermia, information was not available on male fertility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate excellent disease control for the COP/ABVD regimen, with acceptable toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology-Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greenwald
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilimas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marina
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fairclough
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bozeman
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Mackert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abromowitch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome