title: Effects of zopiclone, flunitrazepam, triazolam and levomepromazine on the transient change in sleep-wake schedule: polygraphic study, and the evaluation of sleep and daytime condition.
abstract: 1. The effects of zopiclone 10mg (ZP), flunitrazepam 1mg (FN), triazolam 0.25mg (TZ) and levomepromazine 5mg (LP) on two models of sleep-wake schedule change-6 hours advanced shift: (A-shift), and 6 hours delayed: (D-shift)--were investigated in 6 healthy volunteers using polysomnography. 2. In A-shift with placebo, TST, SEI, %SR and REM/NREM decreased. ZP, FN and TZ shortened SL. All drugs increased TST and SEI. TZ and LP increased %SR and REM/NREM. 3. In D-shift with placebo, TST decreased, SWSL was prolonged, %S3+4 decreased, and %SR and REM/NREM increased. All drugs increased TST. ZP and LP shortened SWSL. All drugs increased %SWS. ZP, FN and TZ decreased %SR. ZP and FN decreased REM/NREM. 4. Daytime mental and physical conditions were worse than usual on more than half of the days in A- and D-shift. LP and FN caused some inadequate conditions on the following days. Significantly higher REM/NREM was observed in the nights before the days with worse mental conditions in D-shift, and lower REM/NREM in the nights before the days with worse physical conditions in A-shift. 5. It is concluded that TZ and ZP are superior to the others for A-shift and D-shift, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kazamatsuri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005445:Flunitrazepam / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008728:Methotrimeprazine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D014229:Triazolam / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010879:Piperazines; C515050:zopiclone; D014229:Triazolam; D005445:Flunitrazepam; D008728:Methotrimeprazine