title: Second natural history study of congenital heart defects. Ventricular septal defect: echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography can provide structural and hemodynamic information for patients with ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Therefore, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed on patients with VSDs returning for the Second Natural History Study of Congenital Heart Defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred fifty-six patients with VSDs underwent two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations. Three hundred twenty-four patients were in the medically treated group, and 232 had undergone a previous operation. The location of the VSD was classified in 235 patients. Several Doppler measurements were used to calculate pulmonary artery pressures: tricuspid regurgitation peak systolic velocity, peak systolic velocity of VSD jet, pulmonary regurgitation end-diastolic velocity, and pulmonary artery acceleration time. The two methods that were found to be reliable consisted of the tricuspid regurgitation peak systolic velocity and the pulmonary regurgitation end-diastolic velocity. These measurements were obtained in only 26% of patients at all centers. At one center in which adult and pediatric echocardiography was performed in a single laboratory, these values were obtained in 60% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography has the ability to provide a noninvasive method of assessing morphology and hemodynamics in patients with VSDs. However, the reliability and accuracy of hemodynamic measurements are dependent on operator experience.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, N.Y.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pieroni
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: F Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Bierman
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Colan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seward
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tajik
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Zahka
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D004452:Echocardiography; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging