title: Application of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in differentiating between antihypertensive agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This multicenter, double-blind, parallel group study assessed the usefulness of the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) technique in differentiating between the once-daily administration of the beta blockers bisoprolol (10 to 20 mg) and atenolol (50 to 100 mg) in terms of efficacy and duration of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 659 patients with essential hypertension and an average office diastolic blood pressure (BP) between 95 and 115 mm Hg after 4 weeks of placebo treatment. Office BPs were recorded at the end of the 24-hour dosing interval (trough). ABPM was performed in 11 of the 28 institutions participating in this study in a total of 203 patients. These procedures were performed at the end of the placebo phase and again after 8 weeks of active treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the use of conventionally measured office BPs, the two drugs significantly (p < 0.001) decreased trough systolic and diastolic BPs to a similar extent. By 24-hour monitoring, bisoprolol demonstrated a 33% greater reduction in whole-day average diastolic BP than did atenolol (11.6 +/- 0.7 mm Hg versus 8.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg, p < 0.01). Significant treatment differences in systolic (p < 0.05) and diastolic (p < 0.01) BPs were also noted for bisoprolol compared with atenolol during the final 4 hours of the dosing interval (-13.2 +/- 1.5/-10.9 +/- 1.0 mm Hg versus -8.9 +/- 1.6/-7.3 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, respectively), and over the time period 6:00 AM to noon (-14.2 +/- 1.3/-11.5 +/- 0.9 mm Hg versus -9.9 +/- 1.4/-7.7 +/- 0.9 mm Hg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas conventional BP measurements did not detect differences in the antihypertensive effects of the beta blockers bisoprolol and atenolol, ABPM revealed significant treatment differences in both the efficacy and duration of action of these two agents. These findings indicate the power of this technique to discriminate potentially important differences between apparently similar antihypertensive drugs.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Neutel
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papademetriou
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lefkowitz
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kazempour
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001262:Atenolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017298:Bisoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D015924:Blood Pressure Monitors; D003971:Diastole; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D001262:Atenolol; D017298:Bisoprolol