title: Osmoregulation of the fatty acid receptor gene fadL in Escherichia coli.
abstract: The fadL gene of Escherichia coli codes for an outer membrane protein that is involved in the uptake of long-chain fatty acids. Uptake is regulated by environmental osmolarity, and decreases when the cells are grown under conditions of high osmolarity. A temperature-sensitive mutant that requires fatty acid for growth at 42 degrees C was unable to grow at the high temperature even in the presence of fatty acid if the medium contained 10% sucrose. Promoter activity of the fadL gene in vivo was repressed by high osmolarity in a FadR repressor null mutant. Furthermore, in vitro transcription of the fadL gene was strongly repressed by the addition of OmpR and EnvZ proteins. The results of gel retardation and DNase I protection experiments indicated that OmpR, after incubation with the protein kinase EnvZ, specifically binds to at least four sites around the fadL promoter, two upstream and two downstream from the transcriptional start site. These results suggest that transcription of the fadL gene is osmotically regulated by the OmpR-EnvZ two-component system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka-ken, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higashitani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aiba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
mesh_terms: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D050612:Fatty Acid Transport Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019301:Oleic Acid; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D050612:Fatty Acid Transport Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D009829:Oleic Acids; C065691:fadL protein, E coli; D019301:Oleic Acid