title: The natural history of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term outcome in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers who have normal liver function tests, focusing on survival and the development of severe liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study with a mean follow-up of 130 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liver clinic of a referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two HBsAg-positive blood donors with normal liver function tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histologic evaluation of liver specimens at baseline; clinical, biochemical, and serologic follow-up; and repeat liver biopsy if clinically indicated or after 10 years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 69 subjects had normal histologic findings or only minor abnormalities, 18 had chronic persistent hepatitis, and 5 had mild chronic active hepatitis. Serum enzyme levels remained normal in 58 of 68 patients who had regular follow-up. Three patients had biochemical changes consistent with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; in one of these patients, a later histologic evaluation showed progression to chronic active hepatitis. One patient developed alcoholic cirrhosis. Six other patients had mild or transient transaminase elevations, with no evidence of HBV replication, hepatitis D virus infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, or histologic deterioration. Liver histologic findings also remained unchanged in 21 patients who showed no biochemical changes during 10 years of follow-up and consented to have repeated liver biopsy. Ten patients showed loss of HBsAg; 2 of these patients acquired antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). All patients who did not have regular follow-up, except 1, were interviewed by telephone during 1990: All denied having liver disease. No patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Italian HBsAg carriers with initially normal liver function tests have an excellent prognosis: Delta superinfection is infrequent and the risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma is low.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina Interna, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Franchis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vecchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatarella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Del Ninno
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rumi
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Donato
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ronchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D000637:Transaminases