title: Macrophage-tumor cell associations: a factor in metastasis of breast cancer?
abstract: In human breast carcinomas tumor cells and macrophages are often proximal. We previously reported on the relationship between tumor cell growth and macrophage concentration and report here on the possible involvement of macrophages in the metastatic process. We hypothesize that during the initial stages of metastasis, tumor cells are likely to encounter macrophages and form aggregates. Using a cell culture method that encourages cellular interactions, we found aggregates involving macrophages. Macrophages partly or completely surround other cell types without any apparent ill effect. Units involving macrophages and tumor cells would possess many properties necessary for invasion, which is a normal process for macrophages. Properties such as motility and production of specific enzymes necessary to traverse the extracellular matrix, basement membrane, and endothelial cell barriers may provide an advantage for tumor cells. Physical support and protection from immune recognition during transport of the tumor cell through the vascular system may also be enhanced, and paracrine growth stimulation and angiogenic activity may be provided at the new metastatic site. Verification of these observations in vivo could lead to new directions for limiting breast cancer metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Immunoassay and Special Development Laboratory, Greater Victoria Hospital Society, B.C., Canada.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Netten
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ashmead
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cavers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coy
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brigden
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002450:Cell Communication; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured