title: Gas enema for the reduction of intussusception: relationship between clinical signs and symptoms and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to establish the extent to which the clinical features of intussusception can be used to predict successful outcome of gas enema and to determine whether the nonsurgical management of intussusception in children can be improved by refining the criteria used to select patients for gas enema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data on 282 consecutive episodes of intussusception (255 patients) were collected prospectively from January 1987 to July 1991. Gas enema was performed in 273 episodes, in which the clinical signs and symptoms were studied by using logistic regression. Nine patients had primary surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gas enema was successful in 216 (79%) of 273 enemas attempted. Fifty-seven patients had surgery after unsuccessful enema. Univariate analysis showed significant associations between successful enema and duration of signs and symptoms less than 12 hr, no rectal bleeding, absence of small-bowel obstruction, presence of a palpable mass, and normal hydration. Multivariate analysis showed that dehydration, small-bowel obstruction, and duration of signs and symptoms longer than 12 hr were significant predictors of unsuccessful enema; yet, in these groups the rate of success still justified attempted enema. Even in severe dehydration, the successful enema reduction rate was 31%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that although the factors identified had some predictive value in determining the outcome of attempted enema reduction, they could not be used to indicate patients in whom enema reduction should not be attempted. All patients with intussusception should have a gas enema if the absolute contraindications to enema (i.e., peritonitis or perforation) are absent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carlin
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Beasley
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004733:Enema / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007443:Intussusception / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D005740:Gases