title: Raf revertant cells resist transformation by non-nuclear oncogenes and are deficient in the induction of early response genes by TPA and serum.
abstract: A revertant cell line was generated from v-raf transformed NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. These cells, termed CHP25, express a functional v-raf oncogene. However, they are non-tumorigenic, do not form colonies in soft agar and possess a flat morphology. CHP25 cells are resistant to re-transformation by sis, ras, tyrosine kinase- as well as serine/threonine kinase-encoding oncogenes suggesting that Raf functions downstream of most membrane associated signal transducers. In contrast to v-raf transformed cells, in which the endogenous Raf-1 protein kinase is constitutively activated, v-Raf in CHP25 cells does not activate endogenous Raf-1 kinase. Since mitogen regulation of Raf-1 kinase in CHP25 cells is intact, we conclude that CHP25 cells are blocked at the level of Raf-1 substrate phosphorylation. Consistent with this interpretation CHP25 cells show specific alterations of early gene induction. The serum induction of c-fos and junD as well as the serum and TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) induction of junB and egr-1 are almost completely abolished. Only v-fos can transform CHP25, whereas c-fos, v-myc, c-jun and junB are ineffective. These data suggest that the lesion responsible for the revertant phenotype of CHP25 cells is the inability to activate the AP-1 complex. We conclude that Raf-1 signaling is essential for transformation of NIH/3T3 cells by peripheral oncogenes and for regulation of a subset of early response genes by TPA and serum growth factors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kolch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heidecker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Troppmair
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bassin
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Rapp
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001790:Blood Physiological Phenomena; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D015870:Gene Expression; D016762:Genes, fos; D051379:Mice; D027384:Oncogene Proteins v-raf; D009857:Oncogenes; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic / Q000235:genetics*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D027384:Oncogene Proteins v-raf; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate