title: Portal endotoxemia stimulates the release of an immunosuppressive factor from alveolar and splenic macrophages.
abstract: Impairment of cell-mediated immunity is both a common manifestation of critical illness and a potential cause of increased infectious morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms responsible for alterations in systemic immune regulation are incompletely understood; however, monocytes and fixed tissue macrophages appear to play a central role. We have previously shown that infusion of gram-negative organisms into the portal vein, but not into the systemic circulation, induces suppression of delayed hypersensitivity responsiveness in vivo and of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. The present studies were undertaken to probe the mechanisms of this suppression. Rats received 3 x 10(8) killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the inferior vena cava or the portal vein; they were sacrificed 24 hr later and the mitogen-driven proliferative responses of isolated splenocytes were assayed. Portal infusion resulted in significant suppression of Con A-induced proliferative responses (15.5 +/- 2.7 cpm x 10(-3) compared to 68.6 +/- 9.8 cpm x 10(-3) for infrahepatic vena cava-infused animals and 48.0 +/- 5.4 cpm x 10(-3) for nonoperated controls). Suppression was shown to be a consequence of the release of a soluble suppressive factor from splenic adherent cells. Suppression of the proliferative responses of control lymphocytes could also be induced by a soluble factor present in culture supernatants of alveolar macrophages harvested from portally infused animals (4.7 +/- 0.4 cpm x 10(-3) vs 88.6 +/- 27 cpm x 10(-3) for systemically infused animals and 60.1 +/- 8.4 cpm x 10(-3) for nonoperated controls). The stimulus for the release of this factor was not endotoxin, but a second factor released from the liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Rotstein
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sheiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D011169:Portal Vein; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003208:Concanavalin A