title: Anesthesia for thoracoscopic laser ablation of bullous emphysema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe the anesthetic management for a new surgical procedure: laser ablation of emphysematous bullae via thoracoscope. Although thoracoscopy is not new, this is the first description of a series of patients with bilateral, chronic lung disease who underwent long periods of one-lung ventilation (OLV) during thoracoscopic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six laser ablation procedures were performed in 22 patients. The patients were elderly (mean age 63 yr) with a large incidence of coexisting cardiovascular disease. Most required chronic home oxygen therapy. Patients were monitored invasively, and hemodynamic data were recorded every 5 min. Arterial blood gas analyses were performed every 15 min. Comparisons were made between three intraoperative periods: two-lung ventilation (TLV) before thoracoscopy, OLV during thoracoscopy, and TLV after thoracoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients survived the operation despite a mean OLV duration of 170 min, but several experienced serious intraoperative problems, such as hypoxemia or hypotension. Hypoxemia was treated with nondependent lung continuous positive airway pressure and dependent lung positive end-expiratory pressure. In all patients the lungs were adequately ventilated, but bronchopleural fistulae occurred upon return to TLV in every case. The resulting air leaks, often 50% of inspired tidal volume, required the use of a pressure-cycled ventilator to maintain oxygenation. Postoperative air leaks greater than 50% of inspired tidal volume usually required subsequent surgical correction, while smaller leaks resolved spontaneously. Mechanical ventilation was required for an average of 5 days. Eighty-four percent have survived at least 6 months, and nearly all survivors report symptomatic improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ablation of bullae appears to provide symptomatic improvement, and thoracoscopy might be better tolerated than thoracotomy, especially in patients with severe bullous emphysema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92613-1491.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyatt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fynes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roessler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D004646:Emphysema / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D013906:Thoracoscopy