title: Radiographic anatomy and technique for arthrography of the cubital joint in clinically normal dogs.
abstract: A technique for arthrography of the cubital joint in clinically normal large-breed dogs was developed with the objective of improving visualization of the articular margin of the medial coronoid process. A lateral approach to the cubital joint for injection of contrast medium was selected. Arthrography of 24 cubital joints was performed by using 14 dogs. Twelve combinations of iodinated contrast medium, consisting of various concentrations (3) and volumes (4), were used. Two sets of arthrograms for each of the 12 combinations of contrast medium were obtained. Five radiographic views were used for each set. All arthrograms were examined by 3 evaluators, and each articular surface received a numerical rating for how well it could be seen in each view. Results of the evaluation indicated that low volumes of contrast medium were preferable to high volumes, with 2 ml providing the best visualization. Concentration of iodine seemed less important than did volume. The numerical ratings also indicated that the articular margin of the coronoid process was clearly observed a maximum of only 24% of the time on a slightly supinated mediolateral projection. The articular margins of the head of the radius, trochlea humeri, and trochlear notch were well visualized > 90% of the time. Arthrography of the cubital joint was technically easy to perform, and complications were not encountered, but arthrographic anatomy of the cubital joint is complex. Potential uses for arthrography of the cubital joint include diagnosis of osteochondrosis, intraarticular fragments, and joint capsule ruptures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lowry
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Steyn
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001175:Arthrography / Q000662:veterinary*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006811:Humerus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014457:Ulna / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media