title: Intestinal production of interleukin-1 alpha during endotoxemia in the mouse.
abstract: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) may be involved in gut permeability to macromolecules and gut glutamine metabolism during endotoxemia. We developed a sensitive radioimmunoassay specific for mouse IL-1 alpha (detection limit of 100 pg/ml, or 5 pM) and measured intestinal levels of IL-1 alpha in response to endotoxin. CD-1 mice (N = 190) were randomized to intraperitoneal (ip) or intravenous (i.v.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion (15 micrograms/g or 1.5 micrograms/g Escherichia coli 0111:B4 LPS) or saline. Mice were sacrificed at Time 0, 30 min, 1 hr, 2.5 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, and 24 hr (3 mice/group/time point). Small bowel (SB) and large bowel (LB) were harvested and compared to liver. Duodenum, upper jejunum, midjejunum, terminal ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and sigmoid were analyzed in separate experiments. Tissues were frozen, weighed, and homogenized, the homogenates were centrifuged, and the supernates were assayed for immunoreactive IL-1 alpha. IL-1 alpha was expressed as pg/g wt +/- SEM (lowest detectable amount = 1000 pg/g wet tissue (WT)). SB but not LB from normal controls had constitutively elevated levels of IL-1 alpha (6177 +/- 1640 pg/g WT). LPS ip or i.v. produced lethargy, diarrhea, and a dramatic elevation of IL-1 alpha levels in both SB and LB. In SB, IL-1 alpha was elevated compared to baseline at 1 hr (19201 +/- 626 pg/g WT) and reached a fivefold maximal increase at 2.5 hr (31775 +/- 503 pg/g WT) following 15 micrograms/g ip.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mester
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tompkins
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gelfand
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; C507764:Il1rn protein, mouse; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins