title: Accelerated heavy particles and the lens. VII: The cataractogenic potential of 450 MeV/amu iron ions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cataractogenic potential dose of high velocity iron ions as a fixation of dose administered singly or fractionated. The dose is critical to risk assessment and to theories of radiation action and cataractogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight-day-old rats were examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy on a weekly-bi-weekly basis for more than 2 yr after radiation exposure. For the acute exposure study doses of 1, 2, 5, 25, and 50 cGy were evaluated. The fractionated regimens involved total doses of 2, 25, and 50 cGy. The reference radiation consisted of 50, 100, 200, or 700 cGy of 250 kilovolt (peak) x-rays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In accordance with previous findings in the rat using 570 MeV/amu 40Ar ions, the relative biologic effectiveness increased rapidly with decreasing dose, reaching values as high as 100. Unlike 40Ar ions, fractionation of the 56Fe doses did not produce a consistent enhancement at any of the doses examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data support the previous findings of a high cataractogenic potential for high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. The effectiveness for the production of cataracts increases with decreasing dose relative to x-rays and is independent of dose protraction. Although the present study did not reveal a consistent enhancement of effect when the ions were applied in fractions, the results are consistent with at least one theory of the inverse dose-rate effect observed for high-LET radiation.
authors.affiliation: Eye Radiation and Environmental Research Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032.
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Worgul
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Medvedovsky
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Merriam
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology*; D007477:Ions; D007501:Iron; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D015995:Prevalence; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000209:etiology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D007501:Iron