title: Potential gallium-68 tracers for imaging the heart with PET: evaluation of four gallium complexes with functionalized tripodal tris(salicylaldimine) ligands.
abstract: Gallium-67 and 68Ga complexes have been synthesized with tripodal hexadentate salicylaldimine ligands derived from 1,1,1-tris(salicylaldiminomethyl)ethane, sal3tame. The four ligands evaluated contained alkoxy substituents (n-BuO-, iso-BuO-, sec-BuO-, and n-PrO-) on the terminal ethane carbon of the ligand backbone. In the case of the n-PrO-derivative, the tris(salicylaldimine) ligand was additionally substituted with methoxy groups in the 5-position of the aromatic rings. The 67Ga and 68Ga-complexes of these ligands were prepared by ligand exchange from 67Ga- or 68Ga-acetylacetonate in ethanol. The nonradioactive Ga[(sal)3tame-O-iso-Bu] complex was similarly prepared and shown by x-ray crystallography to exhibit the expected pseudo-octahedral N3O3(3-) coordination sphere about the Ga3+ center. These Ga-radiotracers are highly lipophilic, as demonstrated by their octanol/water partition coefficients. Log P values of 3.1, 3.1, 2.6, and 2.5 were found for the [(sal)3tame-O-iso-Bu], [(sal)3tame-O-n-Bu], [(sal)3tame-O-sec-Bu], and [(5-MeOsal)3tame-O-n-Pr] complexes, respectively. Following intravenous injection into rats, these complexes are rapidly cleared from the blood and exhibit significant myocardial uptake. At 1 min postinjection, 2.4%, 2.0%, 2.1% and 1.1% of the injected dose was found in the heart for the iso-BuO, n-BuO, sec-BuO, and n-PrO complexes, respectively, dropping to 1.0%, 0.8%, 0.8%, and 0.7% at 5 min. The corresponding heart-to-blood ratios are quite high: 17 +/- 3, 14 +/- 2, 12 +/- 2 and 3.5 +/- 0.4 at 1 min and 14 +/- 4, 10 +/- 1, 10 +/- 1 and 3.2 +/- 0.1 at 5 min postinjection. High quality myocardial images were obtained with PET in a normal dog using data collected from 2 to 10 min following intravenous injection of 68Ga[(sal)3tame-O-iso-Bu].
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Fanwick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janik
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Deutsch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012459:Salicylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D012459:Salicylates