title: The cardiovascular response to ketamine: the effects of clonidine and lignocaine.
abstract: The effectiveness of clonidine or lignocaine in reducing the cardiostimulatory effects of ketamine was studied. A double-blind, randomized design was used in three groups of 20 patients each, of ASA grade 1 or 2 presenting for minor elective surgery. The clonidine group received 0.3 mg clonidine orally with the premedication while the lignocaine group received 1.5 mg.kg-1 lignocaine prior to induction. The third group formed the controls. All patients were induced with 2 mg.kg-1 ketamine intravenously. The systolic blood pressure in the clonidine group was significantly lower than that of both the control and lignocaine groups throughout the study (P < 0.05). It was concluded that clonidine was effective in reducing the hypertensive response to ketamine, whereas lignocaine had no effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Harare Central Hospital, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sleigh
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Paxton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003000:Clonidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D008012:Lidocaine; D003000:Clonidine