title: The phenomenological and conceptual interface between borderline personality disorder and PTSD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors explore the conceptual and phenomenological interface between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder as well as the therapeutic and research implications of this interface.
  
  
  METHODS
  They systematically review the relevant empirical, conceptual, and clinical literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These seemingly separate disorders are related. Borderline personality disorder is often shaped in part by trauma, and individuals with borderline disorder are therefore vulnerable to developing PTSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors draw a distinction between the enduring effects that traumas can have on formation (or change) of axis II personality traits (including those found in borderline personality disorder) and acute symptomatic reactions to trauma, called PTSD, that are accompanied by specific psychophysiological correlates. They describe the implications of these conclusions for DSM-IV, therapy, and future research.
authors.affiliation: Personality and Psychosocial Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02178.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gunderson
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Sabo
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D010551:Personality; D011613:Psychotherapy; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D009626:Terminology as Topic