title: Coronary artery disease in young women: risk factor analysis and long-term follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart disease in the leading cause of death in women of all ages in the United States, but data on coronary disease in young women remains sparse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify and follow up a cohort of young women referred for the evaluation of coronary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of the medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two women younger than 31 years met the entry criteria. The average age was 28 +/- 2.4 years, 28% had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 38% had hypertension, 6% had congenital heart disease, 38% had a family history of coronary artery disease, 72% were smokers, and 28% used oral contraceptives. Serum cholesterol levels were > 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) in 71%, and the mean cholesterol level was 6.70 +/- 2 mmol/L (259 +/- 78 mg/dL). Resting electrocardiographic results were abnormal in 28 women (88%), 22 of whom had evidence of transmural myocardial infarction. Follow-up averaged 9.8 +/- 6.4 years. Five patients died, all of whom had hypertension, and 4 of whom had diabetic nephropathy and required dialysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for coronary disease in young women include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, familial coronary disease, and smoking. Long-term prognosis is excellent for those without advanced diabetes mellitus and renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195.
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Moodie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral