title: Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration following cardio-pulmonary bypass. Indications and outcome in 35 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the impact of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on survival in patients with acute renal failure (ARF) following cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of all patients requiring haemofiltration after CPB over a 2 year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20 bedded, adult cardothoracic intensive care unit in a postgraduate teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 patients (26 male, age range 24-74 years) required haemofiltration (2.7% of the total number of patients undergoing CPB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiovascular failure post CPB was the commonest causes of ARF (n = 16). Indications for haemofiltration were uremia (21), oligo-anuria (11), volume overload (2) and hyperkalaemia (1). Mean time from CPB to the initiation of haemofiltration was 8 days (range 0-15 days). Mean urea was 30 mmol/l and creatinine 362 mumol/l immediately prior to treatment. Urea was well-controlled in all patients, although 2 needed haemodiafiltration. Twenty-six patients died during their admission to the ICU (74% mortality). A further 3 patients died during their hospital admission, following discharge from ICU. Outcome was particularly poor in patients with cardiovascular failure following CPB (16 cases, 0 survivors). Survivors tended to commence filtration earlier (mean of 4 vs 7 days for non-survivors) and required treatment for a mean period of 8 days (range 1-26 days). Survival was determined by the number of failed organ systems at the start of haemofiltration. Thus, 100% of patients with single system failure survived, compared to only 10% with 3 or more system failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the theoretical advantages of haemofiltration and the effective control of uraemia the mortality associated with ARF following CPB remains high and is probably determined by the number of failed organs systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal Brompton National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Baudouin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000453:epidemiology; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000379:methods*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine