title: Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: In type-2 diabetes, the overall incretin effect is reduced. The present investigation was designed to compare insulinotropic actions of exogenous incretin hormones (gastric inhibitory peptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] [7-36 amide]) in nine type-2 diabetic patients (fasting plasma glucose 7.8 mmol/liter; hemoglobin A1c 6.3 +/- 0.6%) and in nine age- and weight-matched normal subjects. Synthetic human GIP (0.8 and 2.4 pmol/kg.min over 1 h each), GLP-1 [7-36 amide] (0.4 and 1.2 pmol/kg.min over 1 h each), and placebo were administered under hyperglycemic clamp conditions (8.75 mmol/liter) in separate experiments. Plasma GIP and GLP-1 [7-36 amide] concentrations (radioimmunoassay) were comparable to those after oral glucose with the low, and clearly supraphysiological with the high infusion rates. Both GIP and GLP-1 [7-36 amide] dose-dependently augmented insulin secretion (insulin, C-peptide) in both groups (P < 0.05). With GIP, the maximum effect in type-2 diabetic patients was significantly lower (by 54%; P < 0.05) than in normal subjects. With GLP-1 [7-36 amide] type-2 diabetic patients reached 71% of the increments in C-peptide of normal subjects (difference not significant). Glucagon was lowered during hyperglycemic clamps in normal subjects, but not in type-2 diabetic patients, and further by GLP-1 [7-36 amide] in both groups (P < 0.05), but not by GIP. In conclusion, in mild type-2 diabetes, GLP-1 [7-36 amide], in contrast to GIP, retains much of its insulinotropic activity. It also lowers glucagon concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nauck
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heimesaat
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orskov
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Creutzfeldt
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C055453:glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide