title: Biliary extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: short-term and long-term observations in an animal model.
abstract: The short- and long-term effects of biliary extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) using an electromagnetic lithotriptor were investigated in 26 pigs. After implantation of single human gallstones into their gallbladders, all but 4 control pigs were subjected to 4,000 or 8,000 shock waves and killed one day (n = 9), one week (n = 7), or one year (n = 6) thereafter. Post-ESWL, no abnormalities of chest radiographs or laboratory tests were detected. Apart from focal injury of the gallbladder and liver, in 4 out of 9 pigs subpleural pulmonary hemorrhages were found one day post-ESWL. However, tissue damage was largely reversed within one week and after one year only small hepatic scars persisted as permanent damage. Stone fragmentation occurred in 19 (86%) out of 22 pigs, and was adequate (fragments < or = 5 mm) in 9 (41%) pigs. Tissue damage and stone fragmentation after 4,000 as compared with 8,000 shock waves were not significantly different. These data warrant further evaluation of this lithotriptor in human studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vergunst
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Terpstra
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brakel
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Nijs
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Laméris
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: ten Kate
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000473:pathology; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004386:Duodenum / Q000473:pathology; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors