title: Patterns of smokeless tobacco use by young adolescents.
abstract: The use of smokeless tobacco products by adolescents has reportedly increased. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of smokeless tobacco by young adolescents across geographic locations and to look at patterns of use and variables associated with continued use beyond experimentation. Participants were 2018 students in sixth through ninth grades. Forty-five percent were male and 76% were white. Use of smokeless tobacco products was reported by 12% of the total population, and 25% reported smoking. Smokeless tobacco use was associated with cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and parental substance abuse. Those reporting alcohol use were more than four times more likely to be users of smokeless tobacco than nondrinkers. We found increased age, being male, being white, smoking, drinking, perceived effects of smokeless tobacco use, and friends' smoking behavior to be significantly associated with continued use beyond experimentation. Smokeless tobacco use was reportedly greater in rural areas. Adolescents who reported initiating use between 6 and 8 years of age were using on a more frequent basis than those who had initiated use when older. This study demonstrated the need for targeting elementary schools for educational interventions aimed at reducing smokeless tobacco use.
authors.affiliation: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Rickert
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hardin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001131:Arkansas / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000592:standards; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010379:Peer Group; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D044469:Racial Groups; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D013383:Suburban Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless; D014505:Urban Population