title: The futility of the chest radiograph in the febrile infant without respiratory symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Major pediatric textbooks advocate a chest radiograph as part of the diagnostic evaluation for a sepsis workup for febrile infants less than 3 months old. Very few studies have addressed the value of performing a chest radiograph in this situation. Two studies previously published lack the numbers to statistically justify a conclusion about the need to perform a chest radiograph in the febrile infant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluated were 197 febrile infants 3 months old or less with a history, physical examination, chest radiograph, and other laboratory studies to determine the cause of their fever. This group of infants was combined with the group of infants from two similar studies published previously in the literature using cumulative meta-analysis. The combined group resulted in 617 infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combined group of infants had 361 infants who had no clinical evidence of pulmonary disease on history or physical examination. All 361 infants had normal chest radiograph. These results gave a 95% confidence interval that the chance of a positive chest radiograph in a patient with no pulmonary symptoms would occur less than 1.02% of the time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The generally advocated policy of obtaining a chest radiograph as part of the sepsis workup in febrile infants should be discontinued, and chest radiographs should be obtained only in febrile infants who have clinical indications of pulmonary disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa General Hospital.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bramson
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Silbiger
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Blickman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Halpern
mesh_terms: D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D011859:Radiography; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*