title: Nighttime sleep and bed mobility among incontinent nursing home residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe sleep and body movement patterns in incontinent nursing home residents for the purpose of determining if the residents require nighttime changing and body repositioning on a 2-hour schedule.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  118 nursing home residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over two nights, bedside monitoring equipment recorded wrist activity (as a proxy measure for sleep) and body movements of both the shoulder and hip areas in consecutive 2-minute intervals. Specific outcome measures were: (1) Average duration of a sleep episode, peak duration of a sleep episode, and percent of time in bed asleep. (2) The number of 2-minute intervals in which a large movement (45 degree turn) at the shoulder and hip was noted per hour of recording for each resident. (3) The number of resident-initiated, rather than staff-initiated, large movements at the shoulder and hip that occurred within the same 2-minute intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was large variability in all sleep measures; however, on average, residents slept 66% of the time they were in bed. The distribution of these measures suggests that sleep was punctuated with frequent nighttime awakenings. Thirty-three percent of the incontinent residents demonstrated very low levels of resident-initiated movement at the shoulder and hip. Sixty-six percent demonstrated at least one large movement at the shoulder and hip per hour during periods of sleep as well as during periods of wake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of incontinent nursing home residents self-initiate sufficiently frequent movements at both the shoulder and hip so as not to be in need of frequent repositioning by nursing staff. Since the sleep of many of these residents is also characterized by frequent awakenings, incontinent nursing home residents may benefit from a schedule of nursing care at night that considers sleep of equal importance to incontinence care and body repositioning.
authors.affiliation: Borun Center for Gerontological Research, UCLA School of Medicine 90024.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schnelle
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ouslander
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alessi
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gravel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009551:Night Care / Q000379:methods; D009735:Nursing Homes; D017286:Polysomnography; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000451:nursing / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000451:nursing / Q000503:physiopathology*