Early changes of body composition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: tetrapolar body impedance analysis indicates significant malnutrition.
Total body water, body fat, body cell mass (BCM), extracellular mass (ECM), and the ECM-BCM ratio by impedance analysis were determined in 193 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and 340 control subjects. Walter Reed (WR) classification was WR 2 in 26, WR 3-5 in 85, and WR 6 in 82 patients. Whereas resistance was increased, reactance and the phase angle were significantly reduced in all patient groups. Neither body weight nor body mass index (BMI) was affected in WR 2 patients, but BCM was reduced (31.9 +/- 4.3 vs 35.8 +/- 7.3 kg, P < 0.007) and ECM (31.2 +/- 4.4 vs 28.8 +/- 3.8 kg) as well as ECM-BCM ratio increased (0.99 +/- 0.14 vs 0.83 +/- 0.16, P < 0.001). In contrast to WR classification, diarrhea did not correspond with malnutrition. A loss of BCM (malnutrition) occurred already in otherwise symptomless HIV-infected patients (WR 2). This effect can be measured by tetrapolar impedence analysis but not by body weight or BMI.
Ott
M
M
Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Lembcke
B
B
Fischer
H
H
Jäger
R
R
Polat
H
H
Geier
H
H
Rech
M
M
Staszeswki
S
S
Helm
E B
EB
Caspary
W F
WF
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000150:complications; D017097:Electric Impedance; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*