title: Diabetes in pregnancy in Zuni Indian women. Prevalence and subsequent development of clinical diabetes after gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Zuni Indian women and the subsequent rate of diabetes among Zuni women with GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 809 deliveries over a 4-yr period among Zuni Indian women was conducted to determine the prevalence of GDM and diabetes antedating pregnancy. A prospective case-control study of 47 full-blooded Zuni Indian women with GDM and 47 control subjects was performed to determine the progression to clinical diabetes in women with a first-time diagnosis of GDM. Cases with GDM delivered during a defined 8-yr period. The control group of Zuni women delivered during the same time period but had plasma glucose values < 7.8 mM on the 1-h glucose screening test. Cases with GDM and control subjects were matched for age, body mass index, gravidity, and length of follow-up. All women were re-evaluated for diabetes up to 9 yr after the index pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1987-1990, 116 cases of GDM and 8 cases of pre-existing diabetes were identified, giving a prevalence of maternal diabetes in pregnancy of 15.3%. At the time of follow-up, 14 of 47 (30%) women with GDM had developed diabetes after a mean of 4.8 yr compared with only 3 of 47 (6%) from the control group with an average of 5.5 yr follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GDM is prevalent among Zuni Indians and is associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Glucose tolerance after GDM may deteriorate at a greater rate in Native Americans than in other populations.
authors.affiliation: Zuni Diabetes Program, Public Health Service Indian Hospital, New Mexico 87327.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayfield
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gohdes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D009516:New Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose