title: Influence of season on seminal characteristics, testis size and serum testosterone in the western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis).
abstract: The western spotted skunk is a seasonally breeding mammal: most copulations occur in late September and early October. This study was performed to characterize the seasonal changes in concentrations of testosterone and in ejaculate quality. Captive males (n = 22) were maintained on a natural photoperiod for 15 months. Semen samples were collected by electroejaculation; testis size was measured; and blood samples were collected. Of 110 electroejaculation attempts, 104 (95%) resulted in successful fluid collection and 101 (97%) samples contained spermatozoa. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in serum testosterone concentration, testis size and ejaculate volume were observed from August to November. Mean concentration of testosterone in serum ranged from 0.15 +/- 0.05 ng ml-1 in mid-January to 6.42 +/- 1.79 ng ml-1 in early October. Mean testis size ranged from 1.22 +/- 0.25 cm2 in February to 2.68 +/- 0.08 cm2 in October. Mean ejaculate volume ranged from 11 +/- 3 microliters in March to 129 +/- 22 microliters in October. Seasonal changes in the number of spermatozoa per ejaculate or motility of spermatozoa were not observed. Mean number of spermatozoa per ejaculate was 8.14 +/- 0.85 x 10(6) spermatozoa (n = 97); motility was 56 +/- 2.4% (n = 93); semen pH was 7.76 +/- 0.20 (n = 6); osmolarity was 394 +/- 13 mmol kg-1 (n = 10); and 70.3 +/- 1.5% of the spermatozoa were morphologically normal (n = 47).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83843.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mead
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D012889:Mephitidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D012661:Semen / Q000166:cytology*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone