title: Failure of calcium channel blockers to improve ventricular relaxation in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to ascertain whether the reversal of low peak filling rates after administration of calcium channel blockers in patients with diastolic dysfunction indicates true improvement in the rate of ventricular relaxation and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure measured by invasive indexes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Depressed filling rates measured noninvasively have been associated with diastolic dysfunction, specifically abnormal relaxation of the left ventricle. There is a reversal of these low peak filling rates after administration of calcium channel blockers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doppler echocardiographic measurements of peak filling rates were made and invasive high fidelity manometer-tipped pressures were measured before and after administration of verapamil (0.1 mg/kg body weight) in 20 patients with coronary artery disease who had an ejection fraction > 40% and decreased peak filling rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Verapamil caused significant increases in the peak filling rate, as measured by early transmitral (E) flow velocity, from 0.57 +/- 0.16 m/s to 0.77 +/- 0.15 m/s (p < 0.01), indicating reversal of decreased peak filling rates. Concomitantly, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased from 18.0 +/- 7.7 mm Hg to 24.1 +/- 9.0 mm Hg (p < 0.001). The time constant of relaxation was variable, with an overall significant increase from 45.8 +/- 10.4 ms to 53.2 +/- 14.6 ms (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Verapamil administered intravenously produced reversal of decreased peak filling rates in patients with coronary artery disease and normal ventricular function. However, there was an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure as well as an overall prolongation of the time constant of relaxation. Therefore, changes in peak filling rates do not accurately reflect the response of ventricular relaxation to drug interactions. Thus, calcium channel blockers should be used cautiously in the empiric treatment of patients with diastolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tajik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014700:Verapamil