title: [Ultrastructural and enzyme histochemical studies of regional structural differences within the ciliary muscle in various species].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ciliary muscle in man serves two different functions, namely accommodation and regulation of aqueous outflow. It is still not known whether both functions are combined or whether they can also be fulfilled independently from each other. (The latter could provide the possibility of an isolated pharmacological influence on the outflow-related function which should certainly be of use e.g. in glaucoma treatment).
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the presence of functionally different muscle portions within the ciliary muscle and its relation to accommodation we have studied the ciliary muscle of various species showing no (rat, rabbit), moderate (cattle) and good (cat, tupaia glis) accommodative activities. For that purpose enzyme histochemical methods were used which are normally applied for differentiation of skeletal muscle fibers into fast phasic type II-fibres and slow tonic type I-fibres. Additionally, electron microscopical studies were undertaken to evaluate the ultrastructure of the muscle cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that only those species showing accommodation, were characterized by slight (cattle) or pronounced (cat, tupaia glis) differences in histochemical staining and ultrastructure of muscle cells. Characteristically, the longitudinal portion showing structural affinity to the aqueous outflow system, was different from the inner reticular and circular portions showing more relation to accommodative functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These differences might indicate that two different functional systems within the ciliary muscle do exist which have been developed during evolution of higher accommodative mechanisms in the eye.
authors.affiliation: Anatomisches Institut II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebersberger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flügel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lütjen-Drecoll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002417:Cattle; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000201:enzymology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009218:Myosins / Q000032:analysis*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013045:Species Specificity; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis*; D014417:Tupaia
chemical_list: D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D009218:Myosins