title: Involvement of delta-opioid receptors in physical dependence on butorphanol.
abstract: Butorphanol, a synthetic agonist/antagonist, has been shown to act on mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors. However, the relative involvement of opioid receptor subtypes in mediating butorphanol dependence is not known. In the present study, naltrindole, a delta-selective non-peptide antagonist, was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to mask supraspinal delta-opioid receptors before and during the induction of butorphanol dependence. Treatment with naltrindole (0.1, 1, or 10 nmol/5 microliters per rat) significantly blocked naloxone-, a nonspecific antagonist, precipitated butorphanol withdrawal behaviors (escape behavior, teeth-chattering, wet shakes, forepaw tremors, ptosis, diarrhea, body weight loss, and hypothermia) at all doses tested, and decreased ejaculation at 0.1 nmol in butorphanol-infused rats. In contrast, naltrindole treatment had no effect on yawning, nor urination. These results indicate that central delta-opioid receptors are involved in mediating butorphanol dependence in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Jaw
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoskins
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol; D020881:Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000502:physiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004745:Enkephalins; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D009271:Naltrexone; D020881:Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; C055382:naltrindole; D002077:Butorphanol