title: Age-related variability in the use of cardiovascular imaging procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if older patients undergo fewer cardiovascular imaging procedures (CIPs) than younger patients when admitted to a tertiary care academic medical center for an acute myocardial infarction (MI), after adjusting for disease severity and comorbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-current prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban tertiary care academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 294 patients admitted and diagnosed with an acute MI between January 1990 and April 1991 were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The total number of different CIPs performed during hospitalization was determined. Cardiac catheterizations, echocardiograms, radionuclide ventriculograms, and thallium scans counted as CIPs. Disease severity was assessed by the Acute Physiology Score (APS) of APACHE II, admission Killip's Classification, and peak creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels. Comorbidities were assessed using a modified Comorbidity Damage Index of Charlson.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/- SD) number of different CIPs performed during hospitalization was significantly less for those > or = 75 years old (1.3 +/- 1.0) than for those < 75 years old (1.7 +/- 1.0) (P = 0.01), and CIP number negatively correlated with age (Spearman r = -0.178; P = 0.01). Mean CIP number decreased from 2.0 +/- 1.1 for those < 45 years old to 0.9 +/- 0.6 for those > or = 85 years old (P = 0.02). Other factors positively associated (P < 0.10) with CIP number were: CPK values in the highest quartile of the study population (> 355 U/L); admission to a cardiology, medical, or family practice service; no CIP performed at an outside hospital prior to transfer; admission Killip's Classification of less than IV, and a Q-wave MI. After adjusting for these variables in a multiple regression model, age > or = 75 remained an independent predictor of decreased CIP use (P = 0.003). The modified comorbidity index score and the APS score, a general measure of severity of illness, were not significantly associated with CIP use. When procedures were examined individually, no significant age-related differences were noted in the use of thallium scans, radionuclide ventriculograms, or echocardiograms. Older patients did, however, remain less likely to undergo cardiac catheterizations (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older patients, regardless of underlying disease severity or comorbidities, undergo fewer invasive cardiovascular evaluations than younger patients when admitted to a tertiary care academic medical center for an acute MI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-4410.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bearden
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Allman
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sundarum
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Burst
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bartolucci
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography