title: Decreased protein-stabilizing effects of cryoprotectants due to crystallization.
abstract: The stabilizing effects of various additives against inactivation of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae) during freeze-drying were studied, with a focus on their crystallinity. The crystalline morphology of mannitol and inositol in freeze-dried cakes depended on the solute concentrations before freezing and the freeze-drying method used. The additives in their amorphous state showed concentration-dependent stabilization of the enzyme, whereas additive crystallization during freeze-drying decreased their effects. Heat treatment before freeze-drying also caused crystallization and diminished the stabilizing effects. Noncovalent soluble aggregates were observed in the inactivated enzyme solution. These results show the importance of maintaining the amorphous state of additives used as stabilizing agents during freeze-drying.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izutsu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terao
mesh_terms: D001215:Asparaginase / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003460:Crystallization; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005079:Excipients; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007294:Inositol / Q000737:chemistry; D008353:Mannitol / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D006454:Hemoglobins; D011506:Proteins; D008353:Mannitol; D007294:Inositol; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D001215:Asparaginase; D005947:Glucose