Fathers of breastfed infants: postponing and types of involvement.
OBJECTIVE
To examine husbands' experiences of having their wives breastfeed.


METHODS
Qualitative method of grounded theory.


METHODS
In-depth interviews by phone at home.


METHODS
Fourteen middle-class, urban, Canadian fathers of successfully breastfed infants.


RESULTS
The fathers reported a disparity in the types of relationships that their children had with each of their parents as a result of breastfeeding. The process that enabled the fathers to accept this perceived difference was labeled postponing. Four fathering styles, which explain the variation in postponing, were found. The phases of postponing include becoming aware of the disparity, simultaneously developing accepting strategies and acknowledging reinforcing factors, and, finally, developing compensating behaviors to increase the fathers' interactions with their infants and promote closer relationships. When weaning occurred, the fathers' relationships with their children changed as the fathers found ways to catch up.


CONCLUSIONS
A need exists for realistic education about the realities of breastfeeding for fathers. More outlets for fathers' negative emotions toward breastfeeding need to be found.
Gamble
D
D
Okanagan University College, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
Morse
J M
JM
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001364:Awareness; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000523:psychology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003657:Decision Making; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005220:Fathers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016389:Maternal-Child Nursing / Q000379:methods; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010332:Paternal Behavior; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014886:Weaning