title: Enlarged bronchial arteries after early repair of transposition of the great arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to define the incidence of enlarged bronchial arteries after early surgical repair of transposition of the great arteries by the arterial switch operation, and to report the results of catheter-directed therapy in five patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pathologic and angiographic studies have demonstrated enlarged bronchial arteries in patients with transposition of the great arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subjective 4-point scale was used to grade postoperative angiograms performed in 119 patients at our institution between January 1983 and December 1991. Grades 0 and 1 were designated if there was no opacification of the pulmonary arteries or veins, whereas grades 2 and 3 were assigned if there was such opacification. The median age at repair was 8 days (range 1 day to 13 months) and the median age at catheterization was 11.2 months (range 3.6 to 58.5). An intact ventricular septum was present in 84 (71%) of 119 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased bronchial flow (grade 2 or 3) was present in 55 (46%) of 119 patients. Age at repair, age at catheterization and interval between repair and catheterization were not associated with significantly increased bronchial flow; however, an intact ventricular septum was weakly associated with increased flow (p = 0.04). Coil embolization was performed in five patients with complete occlusion of the vessels and no significant complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormally enlarged bronchial arteries are frequently identified at postoperative catheterization despite early repair and may explain continuous murmurs or persistent cardiomegaly in patients with otherwise normal noninvasive findings. When clinically indicated, catheter-directed therapy can be performed with good results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wernovsky
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Bridges
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Mandell
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Castañeda
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D001981:Bronchial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D011859:Radiography; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000601:surgery*