title: The type 1 human immunodeficiency virus Tat binding protein is a transcriptional activator belonging to an additional family of evolutionarily conserved genes.
abstract: The type 1 human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein is a powerful transcriptional activator when bound to an RNA structure (TAR) present at the extreme 5' terminus of viral mRNA. Since transcriptional activation requires binding of Tat to RNA, it has been suggested that Tat enhances initiation or elongation through a direct interaction with cellular transcription factors. Here we show through protein fusion experiments that the previously identified cellular Tat binding protein, TBP-1, although unable to bind DNA, is a strong transcriptional activator when brought into proximity of several promoter elements. Transcriptional activity depends upon the integrity of at least two highly conserved domains: one resembling a nucleotide-binding motif and the other motif common to proteins with helicase activity. Our studies further reveal that TBP-1 represents one member of a large, highly conserved gene family that encodes proteins demonstrating strong amino acid conservation across species. Finally, we identified a second family member that, although 77% similar to TBP-1, does not activate transcription from the promoters examined. This finding, together with the observation that TBP-1 does not activate each promoter examined, suggests that this gene family may encode promoter-specific transcriptional activators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gene Regulation, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, NJ 07110.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ohana
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ruben
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Southgate
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000378:metabolism*; D005814:Genes, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010957:Plasmids; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C052130:GAL4 protein, S cerevisiae; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; C064757:PSMC3 protein, human