title: Autonomic cardiovascular state after severe brain injury and brain death in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study and compare the autonomic cardiovascular state of children after severe brain injury and brain death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric patients suffering severe brain injury caused by trauma, anoxia, or hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed cardiorespiratory parameters, heart rate power spectra, plasma catecholamine concentrations, and the response to the cold pressor test in nine brain-dead patients and compared the results with the test findings of 11 patients with severe brain injury. Low-frequency total heart rate power (p < .03), peak amplitude (p < .02), and plasma catecholamine concentrations (p < .001) were different with no overlap of values between groups. Cold pressor testing in patients with severe brain injury showed changes in respiratory rate and low-frequency heart rate power that were +/- 20% to 100% from baseline values; however, there were no measurable changes in brain-dead patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the concept of a damaged sympathetic cardiovascular system in severe brain injury and complete interruption of the autonomic cardiovascular pathways in brain death. Since determination of brain death may be difficult, our findings have implications for corroborating brain death using autonomic cardiovascular testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DeKing
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: DeLong
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kempski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Woolf
mesh_terms: D001926:Brain Death / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine