title: Overtraining affects male reproductive status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To substantiate the hypothesis that strenuous exercise disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal human volunteers in an academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five endurance-trained men (maximum oxygen consumption 65.4 +/- 3.6 mL/kg per minute [means +/- SEM]) with normal spermatogenic and hormonal profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen and blood samples were collected bimonthly before, immediately after, and 3 months after overtraining, which was defined as twice the previous average weekly training volume with unchanged intensity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testosterone, cortisol, and sperm concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basal T levels decreased to 5.37 +/- 67 ng/mL from 8.68 +/- 93 ng/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 3.47) immediately after overtraining and basal cortisol levels increased to 215.3 +/- 31 ng/mL from 145.7 +/- 27 ng/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 2.76). This inverse relationship was highly correlated (r = -0.92). Both cortisol and T levels returned to pretraining values 3 months after resumption of previous training volume. Sperm count (91 +/- 23.3 x 10(6)) decreased significantly by 43% immediately after overtraining (52 +/- 6.8 x 10(6)) and by 52% 3 months after overtraining (44.5 +/- 20 x 10(6)). However, all values remained within normal range and would not be expected to affect fertility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that overtraining reduces T levels, which is highly correlated with an increase in levels of cortisol and possibly a subsequent decrease in sperm concentration 74 days later.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biodynamics, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D012098:Reproduction; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013076:Sperm Count; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone