title: Massive exocytosis triggered by sodium-calcium exchange in sympathetic neurons is attenuated by co-culture with cardiac cells.
abstract: Entry of Ca2+ through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels is known to be linked to the exocytotic release of transmitter from sympathetic neurons. In this paper we provide evidence that transmitter release can also be stimulated by Ca2+ influx via the Na-Ca exchanger. Furthermore, the release linked to Na-Ca exchange is regulated by cardiac target cells. Cultured sympathetic neurons of the chick embryo incubated in Ca2(+)-Mg(2+)-free Krebs solution for 20 min and then switched to Ca(2+)-containing solution exhibited 15-20-fold increases in [3H]noradrenaline release over the spontaneous release. Electrophysiologic studies showed that neurons were completely depolarized in Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-free medium. Indo-1 fluorescence revealed a large and sustained increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) after addition of Ca2+ to Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-free medium. The increased [3H]noradrenaline release and [Ca2+]i were dependent on external Na+ and Ca2+, but were not affected by the Ca2+ channel blockers lanthanum, cadmium, verapamil or omega-conotoxin. A conventional depolarizing stimulus (125 mM K+) produced a 13-fold increase in [3H]noradrenaline release over spontaneous release. However, K(+)-induced release and rise in [Ca2+]i declined rapidly and were sensitive to the Ca2+ channel blockers. When sympathetic neurons were co-cultured with embryonic cardiac cells the release induced by change from Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-free to Ca(2+)-Krebs solution was dramatically reduced. The change from Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-free to Ca(2+)-Krebs solution was ineffective in evoking [3H]noradrenaline release from sympathetic neurons in situ using perfused hearts of 15-day-old chick embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wakade
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Przywara
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Bhave
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhave
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wakade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000166:cytology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D012964:Sodium; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium; D009638:Norepinephrine