title: Effects of chronic administration of low doses of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline on glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci development in the livers of rats fed a choline-deficient diet.
abstract: Effects of chronic administration of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) at the very low doses of 0.4 and 4 ppm, respectively 1000- and 100-fold less than the dose shown to be carcinogenic (400 ppm), on the liver of rats fed a choline-deficient (CD) diet were examined in terms of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci. Male F344 rats were given CD diet containing 0, 0.4 or 4 ppm MeIQx for 20 or 40 weeks. As controls, rats received choline-supplemented (CS) diet in the same manner. MeIQx at 4 ppm in the CD diet significantly increased both the number and area of GST-P-positive foci, the values being 2.3- and 2.1-fold at 20 weeks and 2.0- and 3.3-fold at 40 weeks, respectively, compared with those observed for CD diet alone. MeIQx at 0.4 ppm in CD diet did not affect the development of GST-P-positive foci. No influence of the heterocyclic amine was found in the CS groups, where only very small numbers of minute lesions were observed. The level of MeIQx-DNA adducts in rats given the CD diet containing 4 ppm MeIQx was 2- to 3-fold lower than that in rats given the CS diet containing 4 ppm MeIQx at 20 and 40 weeks. This result indicates that DNA adduct formation and cell proliferation are both required for the increase of GST-P-positive foci in rats fed 4 ppm MeIQx in a CD diet. The above findings strongly suggest that MeIQx could be carcinogenic even at 4 ppm under CD conditions, where liver cell regeneration is continuously occurring.
authors.affiliation: Carcinogenesis Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kushida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002455:Cell Division; D002796:Choline Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004032:Diet; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D011810:Quinoxalines; C036990:2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline; D005982:Glutathione Transferase