title: Race and prognosis after myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To better understand the role of race/ethnicity in survival after acute myocardial infarction, we compared clinical and laboratory data, response to thrombolytic therapy, and clinical outcome in 2885 patients participating in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Phase II (TIMI II) Trial among three groups of patients (2564 whites, 174 blacks, and 147 Hispanics).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences were found in baseline characteristics among the three groups including (1) age (mean age for whites, 57.2 years; blacks, 54.8 years; Hispanics, 52.8 years; P < .001), (2) sex (percentage of women for whites, 17.6; blacks, 28.7; Hispanics, 14.3; P < .001), and (3) risk factor prevalence: current smoking (percent for whites, 49.4; blacks, 62.1; Hispanics, 55.1; P < .003), history of hypertension (percent for whites, 36.6; blacks, 55.7; Hispanics, 39.5; P < .001), and diabetes mellitus (percent for whites, 11.9; blacks, 22.4; Hispanics, 19.7; P < .001). Changes in hemostatic factors 5 hours after infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) revealed a more profound fall in fibrinogen levels in black patients compared with the response seen in Hispanic or white patients (mean change in fibrinogen +/- SD, mg/dL: 151.3 +/- 107.4, 112.2 +/- 97.0, 109.4 +/- 98.6; P < .001, respectively) without more frequent infarct-related artery patency or hemorrhagic complications. Mortality was similar in the white, black, and Hispanic patients through the first year after adjustment for baseline variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIMI II data yield evidence that (1) corroborates published reports of a high prevalence of classic cardiovascular risk factors among minority patients with acute myocardial infarction, (2) there is a greater decrease in fibrinogen levels 5 hours after the start of rt-PA infusion among black patients than in white and Hispanic patients without evidence of more frequent infarct-related artery patency or hemorrhagic complications, and (3) thrombolytic therapy with appropriate supplemental measures is associated with comparable 1-year mortality in white, black, and Hispanic patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-0007.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Chaitman
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Terrin
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sopko
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Bovill
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D015984:Causality; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator