title: Transforming growth factor beta and cyclosporin A inhibit the inducible activity of the interleukin-2 gene in T cells through a noncanonical octamer-binding site.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has a growth-inhibitory effect on numerous different cell types of the immune system, including T lymphocytes. We show in this study that the inhibitory action of TGF-beta on T lymphocytes is accompanied by a block of interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene expression which is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of IL-2 promoter/enhancer activity. The functional analysis of cis-regulatory (proto-enhancer) elements of the IL-2 enhancer/promoter region showed that the most TGF-beta-responsive element maps to its so-called upstream promoter site. The proto-enhancer activity of the upstream promoter site element is also inhibited by cyclosporin A. The upstream promoter site DNA harbors two noncanonical, closely linked binding sequences for octamer and AP-1-like factors. Both sites are involved in the establishment of IL-2 enhancer activity. Since the activity of genuine octamer sites but not that of AP-1-binding sites is also impaired by TGF-beta and cyclosporin A in El4 T lymphoma cells, we conclude that both immunosuppressives interfere with the activity but not the DNA binding of octamer factors in T lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brabletz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pfeuffer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schorr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siebelt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serfling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016572:Cyclosporine; D004247:DNA