title: Effect of "standing" on spasticity, contracture, and osteoporosis in paralyzed males.
abstract: The effect of "standing" in a frame on spasticity (clinical assessment and H-reflex), contracture (lower extremity joint range of motion), and osteoporosis (dual photon absorptiometry) was studied in six paralyzed males (mean age 49 yr) who had been confined to wheelchairs for an average of 19 years. Standing time averaged 144 hours over a mean of 135 days. Clinical Assessment measured reflexes, tone, and clonus in the legs. Results revealed no important differences between initial and final scores for clinical assessment and joint range of motion. In three subjects for whom H-reflexes were found, latency and amplitude were not altered by "standing." Bone density was normal in the lumbar spine but significantly reduced in the femoral neck. "Standing" did not modify the bone density in any site. A follow-up interview revealed that 67% of subjects continued to "stand" and felt healthier because of it. In summary, "standing" had no ill effects, did not alter measured variables, and had a positive psychological impact.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Rehabilitation Medicine Service, Albuquerque, NM 87108.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kunkel
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Scremin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D015519:Bone Density; D003286:Contracture / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000737:chemistry; D006181:H-Reflex; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009129:Muscle Tonus; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010243:Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011187:Posture; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular