title: Factors associated with copper T IUD removal for bleeding/pain: a multivariate analysis.
abstract: To examine the factors associated with copper T IUD removal due to bleeding/pain, a nested case-control analysis using data from an international multicenter randomized clinical trial of the copper T-380A IUD was performed. One-hundred-forty-three cases with removal due to bleeding/pain within one year postinsertion and 2,023 controls with the IUD in place at last follow-up visit are included. Proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that uterine length greater than 70 mm and better IUD provider's skill were associated with a decreased risk of removal due to bleeding/pain. Amenorrhea and breastfeeding at insertion have short-term beneficial effects but less long-term effects. These findings may help family planning providers in counseling and practice.
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors