title: Improved peribulbar anaesthesia with alkalinization and hyaluronidase.
abstract: A prospective double-blind randomized study was carried out to determine the effect of pH and the addition of hyaluronidase to a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine on the efficacy of peribulbar anaesthesia. One hundred patients were assigned to one of five groups. All groups received a solution of two parts bupivacaine (0.75%) and one part lidocaine (2%) (with 1:100,000 adrenaline) as the base components of their anaesthesia. Group 1 received only the bupivacaine-lidocaine mixture, pH 3.9. Group 2 received a solution supplemented with hyaluronidase (ten units.ml-1), pH of 5.1. Group 3 received the bupivacaine-lidocaine mixture alkalinized with sodium bicarbonate to a pH of 5.1, the same as solution 2. Group 4 received the mixture with hyaluronidase alkalinized to pH of 6.7. Group 5 received the bupivacaine-lidocaine mixture alkalinized to a pH of 6.7. Efficacy of each block was graded according to the degree of residual movement 30 min following injection, as described by House et al. The solution containing hyaluronidase and pH adjusted to 6.7 was found to be the most effective (P < 0.025). The presence of hyaluronidase without alkalinization did not improve the efficacy of the mixture; and similarly, alkalinization in the absence of hyaluronidase was ineffective. These results reflected the pH- and temperature-dependent thermodynamic properties of local anaesthetics, and the pH-dependent activity of hyaluronidase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hollands
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000468:Alkalies; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D008012:Lidocaine; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D002045:Bupivacaine