title: Crossed reticular formation connections that mediate the startle reflex in rats.
abstract: The startle response is a bilateral response even when elicited by unilateral acoustic or tactile stimuli. Similarly, unilateral electrical stimulation of the reticular formation also elicits a bilateral startle-like response. To examine whether crossed reticular formation connections can distribute the effects of unilateral stimulation across the midline, we delivered one pulse to the caudal pontine (RPC) or medullary reticular formation (MRF) and a second pulse to the opposite side of the brain, at various interpulse intervals. The symmetric collision effects suggest that axons which produce at least 37% (range 23-53%) of the startle response efficacy cross from RPC to RPC with a mean conduction velocity of 13 m/s. Similar collision effects were observed between RPC and MRF sites but at shorter conduction times. To examine which axons might cause these collision effect, the axonally transported label DiI was injected post mortem into 37 RPC sites. Many coarse axons were observed to cross in fascicles between bilateral RPC sites and then separate in the contralateral RPC. The fiber diameters and trajectories of these DiI-labelled axons are consistent with the conduction velocities and trajectories of the substrates mediating the startle-like response determined in collision tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hempel
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yeomans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D002232:Carbocyanines; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D051381:Rats; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C024286:3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine