title: Analysis of factors contributing to success in a program of micromanipulation-assisted fertilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine factors important to clinical success in micromanipulation-assisted in vitro fertilization (IVF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Procedures invoked in two separate series of micromanipulation-assisted IVF cycles, one unsuccessful (series I) and the other successful (series II), were compared in an effort to identify changes that led to clinical success.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based IVF clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  In both IVF series involving micromanipulation, patients consisted of infertile couples who fit any of five categories of male-factor related infertility. The female patients underwent controlled hyperstimulation for oocyte retrieval and the oocytes were inseminated normally or were subjected either to partial zona dissection or subzonal sperm insertion to assist fertilization. Results in all groups were compared between the two patient series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the successful series II, a noticeable improvement in fertilization rate and embryo quality was observed compared with series I. A significant increase in the percentage of patients reaching embryo transfer, the pregnancy rate per transfer, and the pregnancy rate per retrieval were noted in series II; a 25% ongoing pregnancy rate per retrieval was observed overall in this successful group, with "ongoing" defined as manifestation of at least a fetal sac on ultrasound with no detectable problems. Patients with a mixed transfer of embryos derived from manipulated and normally inseminated oocytes had a 75% rate of pregnancy per transfer in series II. Differences between the two series could not be attributed to patient selection or biases in selection of oocytes relegated to micromanipulation. However, oocyte handling, micromanipulation, and culture protocols differed significantly between the two series in that temperature and pH of oocytes was better controlled, and micromanipulation time was minimized in series II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Success in micromanipulation depends on maintenance of the oocyte in a stable and supportive environment throughout the micromanipulation procedure. It is also important to minimize trauma to the eggs by performing micromanipulation rapidly and with minimal distortion of the egg. Patients with a poor fertilization rate in standard IVF may experience a substantial increase in the likelihood of pregnancy when micromanipulation-assisted fertilization is performed on some eggs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Garrisi
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Nagler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasquez-Levin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Navot
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008846:Micromanipulation; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology