title: TGF beta inhibition of Cdk4 synthesis is linked to cell cycle arrest.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) causes G1 growth arrest and the accumulation of unphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in responsive cells. Cdk4 (cyclin-dependent kinase), a major catalytic subunit of the mammalian D-type G1 cyclins, can phosphorylate Rb in vitro, and at least one D-type cyclin, D2, directs the phosphorylation of Rb in vivo. Here we show that TGF beta 1 induces suppression of cdk4 synthesis in G1 in mink lung epithelial cells. Constitutive cdk4 synthesis in these cells led to TGF beta 1 resistance. It also resulted in growth in low serum medium when these cells were released from contact inhibition. Cdk2 activity was also suppressed by TGF beta 1 action, but its constitutive expression failed to override a TGF beta 1-induced G1 block. Hence, the TGF beta 1 block is primarily mediated by cdk4 modulation. Further evidence suggests that TGF beta 1-induced down-modulation of cdk4 leads to inhibition of cdk2 activation and that both events might contribute to TGF beta 1 growth suppression.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ewen
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Sluss
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Whitehouse
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Livingston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002999:Clone Cells; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D004848:Epithelium; D008168:Lung; D008907:Mink; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010766:Phosphorylation; D006656:Protamine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D011494:Protein Kinases; D006656:Protamine Kinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases