title: Estrogen inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor-negative, but not estrogen receptor-positive, human mammary epithelial cells expressing a recombinant estrogen receptor.
abstract: Estrogen is essential for the growth of the normal mammary gland and most estrogen receptor (ER)-positive mammary carcinomas. To better understand the differences between the estrogen response pathways in normal and tumor cells, we have stably transfected ER-negative immortal, nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells and ER-negative breast cancer cells with an ER-encoding expression vector. Unexpectedly, estrogen treatment (1.0 nM) inhibited the proliferation of ER-transfected nontumorigenic and tumor-derived cells. The control transfectants and parental cells exhibited no response to estrogen concentrations as high as 1.0 microM. This inhibitory effect was attributed to a decreased growth rate and a perturbation of the cell cycle distribution by estrogen treatment of the ER transfectants. The inhibitory response was blocked by cotreatment with the antiestrogen ICI 164,384 as predicted for a pure antagonist of estrogen action. However, treatment with the antiestrogen hydroxytamoxifen caused growth inhibition, implying that hydroxytamoxifen acts as an agonist of estrogen action in ER-transfected cells. Since estrogen is a mitogenic and not a growth-inhibitory stimulus for ER-positive breast cancers and cell lines, we tested the effect of constitutive, high level expression of the ER in ER-positive tumor cells. Stable transfection of ER-positive MCF-7 and T47D cells with the ER expression vector yielded cells with varying amounts of ER. At ER levels comparable to those found in the ER-negative transfected cells, the MCF-7 and T47D ER transfectants were not inhibited by estrogen. These data suggest that ER-positive breast cancer cells can tolerate higher constitutive levels of ER expression than ER-negative cells. The mechanism by which this is accomplished may be an essential step in the process which yields ER-positive tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, California 94804.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Zajchowski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sager
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013629:Tamoxifen; C016601:afimoxifene; D004958:Estradiol; C051781:ICI 164384