title: Fetal plasma erythropoietin in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between fetal plasma erythropoietin concentration and measures of short-term and long-term glycemic control and fetal oxygenation in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed at The Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, London. Cordocentesis was performed in 31 diabetic pregnancies for the measurement of umbilical venous blood pH, PO2, PCO2, lactate and glucose concentration, erythroblast count, hemoglobin, and plasma erythropoietin concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pH was significantly lower and the PCO2, lactate, erythropoietin, hemoglobin, and erythroblast counts were significantly higher than the appropriate normal mean for gestation. There were significant associations between (1) fetal erythropoietin and erythroblast count, (2) fetal erythroblast count and hemoglobin, (3) fetal hemoglobin and maternal glycosylated hemoglobin, and (4) maternal glucose and fetal glucose, pH, and lactate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We postulate that maternal hyperglycemia causes fetal hyperglycemia and acidemia. Increased erythropoietin may be caused by tissue hypoxia or hyperinsulinemia. The increase in fetal hemoglobin may be the consequence of increased erythropoiesis, mediated by either erythropoietin or hyperinsulinemia.
authors.affiliation: Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Salvesen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brudenell
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Snijders
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D004921:Erythropoietin; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin