title: [The modern diagnosis of stenosis and obstruction of the ureter].
abstract: Included in the study were 681 patients with stenosis and obstruction of the ureter (SOU), diagnosed at the Department of Urology, Clinical Center of Urology, University Aleksandrovska Hospital in Sofia for a period of 5 years. The diagnosis rested on clinical, laboratory, X-ray, radioisotopic, echographic, endoscopic and other investigations. Analysis of the clinical and laboratory data demonstrated an outstanding triad of clinical symptoms: pain (76.8 per cent), hematuria (74.0 per cent), dysuria (70.9 per cent). The laboratory data confirmed the standpoint of other authors that most common is the urinary tract infection, followed in incidence by microhematuria, leukocyturia and hemoglobin content lower than 10 mg %. The most common causative agents of infection were E. coli (29.8 per cent) and Proteus (26.28 per cent). The X-ray methods being used were excretory urography (76.8 per cent) and plain X-ray on kidney-ureter-bladder film (93.2 per cent of the patients). Excretory urography furnished information on the cause, degree and location of SOU and on the effect upon the kidney. It helped to determine the approach to treatment--conservative transureteral or operative.
authors.forename: Kh
authors.initials: Kh
authors.lastname: Kumanov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panchev
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: al-Arbid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002031:Bulgaria; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D014513:Ureter / Q000473:pathology*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*