title: Switch recombination breakpoints occur at nonrandom positions in the S gamma tandem repeat.
abstract: Ig switch (S) recombination is clearly focused on S regions. It is possible that S-specific DNA binding proteins facilitate the alignment of these regions before recombination. The S gamma 3-specific DNA binding proteins, SNAP and SNIP/NF-kappa B, interact with two discrete regions of the S gamma 3 tandem repeat, the A and B sites. Recombination breakpoints in the S gamma 3 region were found to significantly correlate with the binding sites of the S gamma 3 binding proteins. We now report the conservation of the SNIP and SNAP binding sites in S gamma 2b and S gamma 1 DNA. SNIP/NF-kappa B interacts with its cognate sites in S gamma 2b and S gamma 1 DNA as determined by mobility shift assays, competition binding studies, and supershift analysis using an antiserum specific for the p50 component. SNAP binds specifically to S gamma 2b and S gamma 1 as measured by mobility shift assays and competition binding studies. SNAP is composed of two closely traveling mobilities that do not separate on partial purification. SNIP and SNAP are expressed in nuclear extracts derived from murine splenic B cell cultures stimulated with mitogen or mitogen and IL-4. No new DNA binding proteins specific for S gamma 1 tandem repeats are detectable in nuclear extracts from B cells stimulated with mitogen and IL-4. The sites at which recombination occurs in the S gamma 2b and S gamma 1 regions have been analyzed statistically and found to correlate with the SNIP/NF-kappa B and SNAP binding sites. Distinctions have been found regarding the use of DNA substrates within the tandem repeat between primary (mu-->gamma) and successive (gamma-->x) S recombination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago 60680.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kenter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wuerffel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Merkulov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015847:Interleukin-4