Comparison of midazolam and diazepam for conscious sedation in the emergency department.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of diazepam and midazolam when used for conscious sedation in emergency department patients.


METHODS
Prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial.


METHODS
Three university EDs.


METHODS
Patients requiring one of the following procedures: abscess drainage, joint reduction, extensive suturing, chest tube insertion, or lumbar puncture.


METHODS
Diazepam (2.5 mg/mL) or midazolam (1 mg/mL) was administered until the desired level of sedation was achieved to a maximum of 5 mL. Fentanyl citrate was administered if needed for pain.


RESULTS
Thirty-three patients received diazepam and 36 received midazolam. Patients receiving midazolam had a greater degree of early sedation (P < .05), a higher 90-minute alertness scale score (P < .05), more patients ready for discharge at 90 minutes (P = .05), significantly less recall for the procedure (P < .02), and less pain on injection (P < .01) than patients who were given diazepam.


CONCLUSIONS
Diazepam and midazolam are both effective for conscious sedation in ED patients. Midazolam causes less pain on injection, a significantly greater degree of early sedation, and a more rapid return to baseline function.
Wright
S W
SW
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
Chudnofsky
C R
CR
Dronen
S C
SC
Kothari
R
R
Birrer
P
P
Blanton
D M
DM
Bruner
A
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam