title: Paternal smoking and birthweight in Shanghai.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although maternal active smoking has been established to be associated with fetal growth retardation, evidence of an effect of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on birthweight is still limited and inconclusive. This study addressed the relationship between prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and birthweight and fetal growth retardation in Shanghai, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 1785 full-term live-born normal infants of nonsmoking mothers were used from the Shanghai Birth Defects and Perinatal Death Monitoring conducted between October 1986 and September 1987. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was defined as exposure to paternal smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants with environmental tobacco smoking exposure were, on average, 30 g lower in birthweight than nonexposed infants, after adjustment for gestational age, parity, maternal age, and occupation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with previous research, this study suggests that environmental tobacco smoking exposure may have a modestly adverse effect on birthweight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ratcliffe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution