title: Pulmonary rehabilitation that includes arm exercise reduces metabolic and ventilatory requirements for simple arm elevation.
abstract: Simple arm elevation results in increased metabolic and ventilatory requirements in patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO). These demands contribute to the dyspnea that is frequently reported when these patients perform activities of daily living involving the arms. We hypothesized that a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program that includes upper extremity training would lower the ventilatory requirement for arm elevation. Metabolic and ventilatory responses to 2 min of simple arm elevation were studied in 14 patients with CAO before and after PR. Respiratory muscle strength was determined in 11 patients by measurement of maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax). Oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), and respiratory rate were measured at rest with the arms down and during 2 min of arm elevation. Before PR, arm elevation led to significant increases in VO2, VCO2, HR, and VE. After PR, pulmonary function, Pdimax, and resting metabolic and ventilatory parameters with the arms down were unchanged; however, during arm elevation, VO2, VCO2, and VE were significantly less than they were before PR. We conclude that a comprehensive PR program that includes upper extremity exercises leads to a reduction in the ventilatory requirement for simple arm elevation. This type of program may allow patients with CAO to perform sustained upper extremity activities with less dyspnea.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Section, Boston Veterans Administration Medical Center.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Couser
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Celli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D005652:Functional Residual Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide