title: Differentiation of haloperidol and clozapine using a complex operant schedule in the dog.
abstract: This study aimed to differentiate chronically administered typical (haloperidol) and atypical (clozapine) neuroleptics in the dog using a complex temporal regulation schedule combining operant, voluntary, and involuntary motor parameters. Although clozapine and haloperidol showed some characteristics of neuroleptics, justifying their adherence to the same class of compounds, differences have also been highlighted and compared to the clinical observations. Haloperidol induced catalepsy, tremor, dystony, hyperkinesia, and stereotypy. Subjects produced anticipated responses before any stimulus. Incomplete and delayed responses were also produced. An interpretation in terms of akathisia and anhedonia has been suggested. Clozapine induced tremor, exploration, dystony, and hypersalivation. Subjects produced disinhibitory responses to the negative stimulus and incomplete responses but these latter were submitted to tolerance. The simultaneous presence of tranquilizing and disinhibitory effects has been reported on the clinical potential of clozapine both in cases of positive and negative schizophrenic symptomatologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruhwyler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chleide
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Houbeau
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Waegeneer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mercier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D004285:Dogs; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D003024:Clozapine; D006220:Haloperidol