title: Patterns of cytokine production by mycobacterium-reactive human T-cell clones.
abstract: To gain insight into the functional capacity of human T cells in the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we evaluated the spectrum of cytokines produced by mycobacterium-reactive human T-cell clones. Nine of 11 T-cell clones bearing alpha beta or gamma delta T-cell receptors produced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, a pattern resembling that of murine Th0 clones. The most frequent pattern was secretion of gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), in combination with IL-2, IL-5, or both. Two clones produced only Th1 cytokines, and none produced exclusively Th2 cytokines. Although IL-4 was not detected in cell culture supernatants, IL-4 mRNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification in two of six clones. There were no differences between the cytokine profiles of alpha beta and gamma delta T cells. A striking finding was the markedly elevated concentrations of TNF in clone supernatants, independent of the other cytokines produced. Supernatants from mycobacterium-stimulated T-cell clones, in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, induced aggregation of bone-marrow-derived macrophages, and this effect was abrogated by antibodies to TNF. The addition of recombinant TNF to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor markedly enhanced macrophage aggregation, indicating that TNF produced by T cells may be an important costimulus for the granulomatous host response to mycobacteria. The cytokines produced by T cells may exert immunoregulatory and immunopathologic effects and thus mediate some of the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sieling
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Modlin
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000502:physiology; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor