title: Effect of diets containing different levels of linoleic acid on human breast cancer growth and lung metastasis in nude mice.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of three different levels of dietary linoleic acid (LA) intake on the growth of MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells in the mammary fat pads of nude mice, and their metastasis to the lungs. These diets were isocaloric, and contained different mixtures of safflower (LA-rich) and coconut (saturated fatty acid-rich) oils to provide 23% (w/w) total fat, with 2, 8, and 12% (w/w) LA. A fourth group was fed a low-fat, 5% (w/w) corn oil diet. There were 25 mice in each dietary group. A necropsy, 12 weeks after the tumor cell injections, the primary tumor weights in the 12% LA (4.1 +/- 2.7 g)- and 8% LA (3.5 +/- 1.7 g)-fed groups were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than those fed the 2% LA diet (2.5 +/- 1.5 g); they did not differ significantly from the weights of mammary fat pad tumors in the 5% corn oil-fed mice. The incidence of grossly visible pulmonary metastatic nodules was not significantly different between the 8 and 12% LA-fed mice, but was higher for both groups compared with the 2% LA-fed group (P < 0.05), with a similar trend in comparison with the 5% corn oil group. The mean total calculated volumes of the macroscopic metastases per tumor-bearing mouse were significantly greater in the 8 and 12% LA (157 +/- 250.7 and 99.1 +/- 140.0 mm3, respectively), compared with the 2% LA (23.3 +/- 51.8 mm3)- and 5% corn oil (24.5 +/- 35.1 mm3)-fed mice; all P < 0.05. Micrometastases were observed most frequently in the 5% corn oil and 2% LA dietary groups, but none of the differences were statistically significant. No differences were detected in the concentrations of prostaglandin E, leukotriene B4, or 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in tumors from mice fed the four different diets.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition and Endocrinology, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hatala
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rayburn
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D019787:Linoleic Acid