title: An allelic polymorphism within the human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter region is strongly associated with HLA A1, B8, and DR3 alleles.
abstract: The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha gene lies within the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), telomeric to the class II and centromeric to the class I region. We have recently described the first polymorphism within the human TNF-alpha locus. This is biallelic and lies within the promoter region. Frequency analysis of the TNF-alpha polymorphism, using the polymerase chain reaction and single-stranded conformational polymorphism, in HLA-typed individuals, reveals a very strong association between the uncommon TNF allele and HLA A1, B8, and DR3 alleles. This is the first association between TNF-alpha and other MHC alleles and raises the possibility that the uncommon TNF-alpha allele may contribute to the many autoimmune associations of the A1,B8,DR3 haplotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pociot
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: di Giovine
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: van der Putte
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Duff
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D015788:HLA-A1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D015795:HLA-B8 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D015788:HLA-A1 Antigen; D015795:HLA-B8 Antigen; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha