title: HIV seroprevalence among homeless patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HIV-1 antibodies among hospitalized homeless mentally ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From December 1989 through May 1991 the authors collected discard blood samples from patients consecutively admitted to a psychiatric unit designated for the care of severely mentally ill persons removed from the streets of New York City. The blood samples were tested for HIV-1 antibodies, and the results were analyzed for associations with age, gender, ethnicity, male homosexual activity, and use of injected drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HIV seroprevalence was 6.4% (13 of 203 samples). Patients between ages 18 and 39 accounted for 51.2% of the admissions and 84.6% of the 13 positive results, a seroprevalence of 10.6% for this subsample. Patients under age 40 were more than six times as likely to test positive for HIV antibodies as those 40 or over. Ethnicity did not predict seropositivity. Women were as likely as men to be infected. Although clinicians had noted high-risk behavior on the charts for only three (23.1%) of the 13 positive cases, a recorded history of use of injected drugs was associated with a 6.5-fold greater risk of HIV seropositivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One in every 16 patients admitted to the special unit was HIV positive. Age under 40 and use of injected drugs were strongly associated with seropositivity. Because information on high-risk behavior was infrequent, the reasons for younger patients' greater risk are unclear. The homeless mentally ill require outreach efforts to reduce the risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV.
authors.affiliation: Creedmoor Psychiatric Center, Washington Heights Community Service, New York City.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Empfield
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cournos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horwath
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schrage
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital; D012309:Risk-Taking; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology