title: Identification of the critical oxygen delivery for anaerobic metabolism in critically ill septic and nonseptic humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the critical oxygen delivery threshold for anaerobic metabolism and to compare its value between septic and nonseptic critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort analytic study, consecutive sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two tertiary care medical and surgical intensive care units in university hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine septic and nine nonseptic critically ill humans. A diagnosis of sepsis was established by the presence of sepsis syndrome, positive cultures obtained within 48 hours of study, and autopsy evidence of a source of infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The O2 consumption (determined by indirect calorimetry), O2 delivery (calculated from the Fick equation), and concentration of arterial plasma lactate were simultaneously determined at 5- to 20-minute intervals while life support was discontinued.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical O2 delivery, critical O2 extraction ratio, and maximal O2 extraction ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all septic and eight nonseptic patients, O2 delivery and O2 consumption displayed a biphasic relationship over the range of O2 delivery studied. There were no differences in critical O2 delivery threshold (3.8 +/- 1.5 vs 4.5 +/- 1.3 mL.min-1 x kg-1; P > .28), critical O2 extraction ratio (0.61 +/- 0.05 vs 0.59 +/- 0.16; P > .64), and maximal O2 extraction ratio (0.74 +/- 0.08 vs 0.80 +/- 0.11; P > .29) between septic and nonseptic patients. These data have greater than 90% power to detect a difference of 2 mL.min-1 x kg-1 in the critical O2 delivery and 0.1 in the critical and maximal O2 extraction ratios between the septic and nonseptic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The critical O2 delivery for anaerobic metabolism was identified from the biphasic relationship between O2 delivery and O2 consumption in individual humans. The critical O2 delivery is considerably lower than previously reported in humans with the use of pooled group data. Sepsis does not alter the critical O2 delivery for anaerobic metabolism or tissue O2 extraction ability. Interventions to increase O2 delivery to supranormal levels in critically ill humans in the hope of increasing O2 consumption may be inappropriate.
authors.affiliation: Program of Critical Care Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fenwick
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tweeddale
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Wiggs
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Phang
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Walley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid