title: Protection by nicorandil against the dysfunction of the central vagal baroreflex system following transient global cerebral ischaemia in dogs.
abstract: 1. A possible cerebroprotective effect of nicorandil was investigated in a canine model of 5 min global cerebral ischaemia, and compared with protective effects of nitroglycerin and nicardipine. 2. Cerebral ischaemia was produced by occlusion of the left subclavian and the brachiocephalic arteries with preceding ligation of the intercostal arteries. The decrease in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), measured by phenylephrine-induced reflex bradycardia, was used to assess the cerebroprotective effect. 3. Nicorandil (10 or 30 micrograms kg-1 min-1, i.v.), nitroglycerin (3 micrograms kg-1 min-1, i.v.) or nicardipine (0.3 micrograms kg-1 min-1, i.v.) were infused for 60 min just before ischaemia. Nitroglycerin and nicardipine decreased mean arterial blood pressure to an extent similar to that induced by the lower dose of nicorandil. Blood flow in the dorsal medulla oblongata was increased by nicorandil and nicardipine, but not by nitroglycerin. 4. Nicorandil at both doses and nitroglycerin prevented the post-ischaemic decrease in BRS. In these cases, bilateral vagotomy during the reperfusion period decreased BRS, indicating that the vagal component of BRS was protected from ischaemia. On the other hand, nicardipine failed to exert a cerebroprotective effect. 5. The present study suggests that nicorandil may possess a direct cerebroprotective effect and that its property as a nitrate might, at least in part, be important for the observed cerebral protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D020108:Nicorandil; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011311:Pressoreceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009536:Niacinamide; D020108:Nicorandil; D009529:Nicardipine; D005996:Nitroglycerin