title: Pleurodynia among football players at a high school. An outbreak associated with coxsackievirus B1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enteroviral outbreaks involving athletic teams have been described, although the mode of transmission has been unclear. In September 1991, an outbreak of pleurodynia among high school football players provided an opportunity to identify possible modes of transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort outbreak investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public high school in upstate New York.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Illness was reported by 17 (20%) of the football players. Behaviors involving contact with common water containers were associated with illness, including eating ice cubes from the team ice chest (relative risk [RR], 9.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 65.5) and drinking water from the team cooler (RR, 6.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 25.7). Coxsackievirus B1 was isolated in four (50%) of the eight stool specimens collected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contamination of common water containers by an infected player may have contributed to or initiated the outbreak. In addition to discouraging direct oral contact with common drinking containers, use of individual water containers and ice packs for injuries was recommended.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, New York State Department of Health, Albany.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kondracki
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Drabkin
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Birkhead
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015331:Cohort Studies; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005538:Football / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009518:New York; D011000:Pleurodynia, Epidemic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014871:Water Microbiology