title: Molecular cloning of rat growth inhibitory factor cDNA and the expression in the central nervous system.
abstract: Human growth inhibitory factor (GIF) is a new metallothionein-related molecule whose expression is markedly reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. We have recently isolated a full-length cDNA for human GIF that has a striking homology to metallothioneins (MTs). As an initial step to better understanding of the biological functions of GIF, we have isolated a full-length cDNA for rat GIF. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence with that of human GIF revealed a strikingly high homology (84% identity). Rat GIF cDNA also showed a striking homology to rat MT-1 and MT-II (66% and 62% identities on amino acid sequences, respectively). All cysteine residues were conserved among rat GIF, human GIF and MTs, indicating that cysteine residues play an important function in these molecules. Compared to mammalian MTs, there were 3 bp and 12 bp insertions near the amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal regions in the rat GIF. The rat GIF mRNA was found to be expressed exclusively in the central nervous system, being expressed predominantly in rat cortical astrocytes in primary culture. Although the rat GIF mRNA expression was low during the fetal stage, a dramatic increase of the rat GIF mRNA expression was demonstrated during the postnatal period of 10-17 days. These results indicate that transcriptional regulation of the rat GIF gene is quite different from that of MTs despite its strikingly high homology with MTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohsaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyatake
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C031717:growth inhibitory proteins