title: Propofol emulsion reduces proliferative responses of lymphocytes from intensive care patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test propofol lipid emulsion formulation for its immunosuppressive effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Propofol lipid emulsion and the emulsion alone were tested at increasing concentrations and compared to initial values and between each other. Propofol alone could not be tested due to its insolubility into the culture medium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymphocytes from 12 surgical intensive care (ICU) patients (median APACHE score 16 and median TISS score 28) and 12 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phytohaemagglutinin-, concanavalin A- and pokeweed mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses were measured in the presence of increasing concentrations of propofol lipid emulsion formulation or the lipid emulsion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymphocyte proliferative responses from ICU patients were in general on a lower level than in the volunteers. The propofol lipid emulsion formulation (Diprivan) decreased pokeweed mitogen-induced proliferative responses of lymphocytes from ICU patients at propofol concentrations found in the circulation (1-10 micrograms/ml) and the lipid emulsion alon at 100 micrograms/ml triglyceride concentrations while the other mitogen-induced responses were not affected. No changes were observed in the mitogen-induced responses of lymphocytes from healthy volunteers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol emulsion formulation decreased in surgical intensive care patients pokeweed mitogen-induced lymphocytic responses in vitro at clinically found concentrations, indicating the need for further studies to test B-lymphocyte functions and T-B-lymphocyte co-operation during propofol lipid emulsion administration. (ICU) patients is widespread because of its good control of sedation. Propofol is currently administered in fat emulsion which is considered immunosuppressive during bolus injection or rapid infusion. Therefore, effects of a propofol fat emulsion formulation on proliferative responses of lymphocytes were studied in blood samples obtained from healthy volunteers and ICU patients known to be immunosuppressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Pirttikangas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perttilä
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003208:Concanavalin A; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000276:immunology*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D003208:Concanavalin A; D015742:Propofol