title: 1,3-dioxolanylpurine nucleosides (2R,4R) and (2R,4S) with selective anti-HIV-1 activity in human lymphocytes.
abstract: In order to study the structure-activity relationships of dioxolane nucleosides as potential anti-HIV-1 agents, various enantiomers of pure dioxolanylpurine nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated against HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The enantiomerically pure key intermediate 1, which was synthesized in nine steps from 1,6-anhydro-beta-D-mannose, was condensed with 6-chloropurine, 6-chloro-2-fluoropurine, and 2,6-dichloropurine in the presence of TMS triflate. The chloro or fluoro substituents were readily converted into amino, N-methylamino, hydroxy, methoxy, thiol, and methylthio under appropriate reaction conditions. Upon evaluation of these dioxolanes, the guanine derivative 24 exhibited the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity without cytotoxicity up to 100 microM in various cells. The decreasing antiviral activity order of beta-isomers was as follows: guanine > 6-chloro-2-aminopurine > 2-fluoroadenine > or = adenine > or = 2,6-diaminopurine > hypoxanthine > 2-chloroadenine > 6-chloropurine approximately equal to N6-methyladenine approximately equal to 6-mercaptopurine approximately equal to 6-(methylthio)purine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Schinazi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nampalli
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shanmuganathan
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004148:Dioxolanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004148:Dioxolanes; D009705:Nucleosides