title: Labial melanotic macule: a clinical, histopathologic, and ultrastructural study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The labial melanotic macule (LMM) is a recently described pigmentary anomaly that may simulate malignant melanoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to define the LMM clinically, histologically, and immunohistochemically in a large group of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the clinical features of 36 LMMs in 29 patients (aged from 4 to 79 years, 4 male, 25 female) seen during the past 4 years. Histopathologic findings in 21 of these patients are discussed. Seventeen lesions were immunostained with HMB-45 monoclonal antibody, and electron microscopy was performed on eight lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients were women and had solitary lesions on the lower lip with the mean age of onset of 30 years. Histologically prominent basilar hyperpigmentation accentuated at the tips of the rete ridges was present without atypia or nevoid formation. Immunohistochemical studies showed that all intralesional melanocytes were HMB-45 negative, supporting their benign nature. Ultrastructurally, numerous stage III and IV melanosomes clustered within basal keratinocytes and papillary dermal melanophages were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LMM is a clinically and histologically distinctive benign pigmentary anomaly.
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Dermatology, Mater Misercordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dervan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Loughlin
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008046:Lip / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008047:Lip Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000032:analysis; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins