title: Inhibition of growth-factor-activated proliferation by anti-estrogens and effects on early gene expression of MCF-7 cells.
abstract: Recently, it was reported that the anti-estrogen tamoxifen not only inhibits estradiol-stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells but also significantly reduces the proliferation rate of cells stimulated by growth factors. We have confirmed this finding and also shown that the new anti-estrogen droloxifene inhibits the proliferation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-stimulated MCF-7 cells. The growth-factor-induced proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the anti-estrogens in the complete absence of estrogen and FCS. Of the anti-estrogens, droloxifene was considerably more potent than tamoxifen. Because the expression of the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc has been considered a key event in development of the mitogenic response, we examined the effects of anti-estrogens on c-myc and c-fos gene expression. We included in these investigations the steroidal anti-estrogen ICI 164,384 because this compound has no or very little estrogenic activity. The studies revealed that all 3 anti-estrogens transiently induced c-myc mRNA expression. However, the anti-estrogens inhibited estradiol-induced c-myc mRNA expression, although with different potencies. Pre-incubation of MCF-7 cells with droloxifene and tamoxifen resulted in elevated levels of growth-factor-induced c-myc mRNA expression. In contrast, the anti-estrogens did not induce c-fos mRNA or affect the expression of c-fos mRNA induced by growth factors. In conclusion, non-steroidal anti-estrogens inhibit growth-factor-stimulated proliferation of MCF-7 cells without inhibiting growth-factor-induced c-myc or c-fos mRNA expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Kantonsspital Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wosikowski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Küng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Löser
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Eppenberger
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000187:drug effects; D016259:Genes, myc / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D004958:Estradiol; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I