title: Infection of murine macrophages with Toxoplasma gondii is associated with release of transforming growth factor beta and downregulation of expression of tumor necrosis factor receptors.
abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is capable of invading and multiplying within murine peritoneal macrophages. Previous studies have shown that treatment of macrophage monolayers with recombinant gamma interferon but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is associated with intracellular killing of T. gondii by macrophages. Furthermore, infection of macrophages with T. gondii prevents their stimulation for mycobactericidal activity by TNF. Since transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is known to suppress a number of functions in macrophages, we investigated the influence of infection with T. gondii on macrophage TNF receptors and on production of TGF-beta. Infection with T. gondii was associated with increased production of TGF-beta and downregulation of TNF receptors. This effect was observed early after infection and was partially inhibited by anti-TGF-beta 1 antibody.
authors.affiliation: Kuzell Institute of Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco, California Pacific Medical Center 94115.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bermudez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Covaro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Remington
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D051379:Mice; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha