title: Relationship of hepatitis B virus infection to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
abstract: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) was designed to study the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, including the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV-1 infection. In total, 4954 homosexual men were recruited from April 1984 through March 1985 and have been followed up thereafter every 6 months. Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibody were tested for at the first visit by RIA or EIA; HIV-1 antibody testing was done at each visit by ELISA and confirmed by Western blot assay. The role of HBV infection in HIV-1 seroconversion was studied by stratification for sexual behavior and disease visit by visit. The adjusted risk ratio was 2.02 for hepatitis B surface antigen carriers and 2.14 for hepatitis-immune cases compared with hepatitis B-susceptible subjects. Similar results were obtained using a logistic regression model. After taking into account changes in sexual behavior and disease over time, the authors conclude that past HBV infection remains suspect as a cofactor or as a surrogate for other factors associated with HIV-1 seroconversion.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health 90024-1772.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Twu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Detels
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Visscher
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaslow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palenicek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phair
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000150:complications; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens