title: Families of homosexual men: their knowledge and support regarding sexual orientation and HIV disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of homosexual men (gay) with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who will become ill in the next few years is expected to rise dramatically. Many will need and desire support from their families of origin. Understanding the history of family relationships can be crucial for the optimal care of these patients and their families. Little is known, however, about the relationship between gay men and their families of origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of gay men (n = 265) from three northern California cities was surveyed to determine family member knowledge of their sexual orientation and HIV status and perceived family supportiveness regarding issues of HIV disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Fifty-five percent of the sample were HIV negative, 14 percent were HIV positive, 8 percent had received a diagnosis of AIDS, and 23 percent had not been tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 70 percent of family members knew a son's or brother's sexual orientation. Fewer family members (50.9 percent) knew a son's or brother's HIV status than knew his sexual orientation. Untested gay men reported the least family knowledge of both sexual orientation and HIV status. There was, however, considerable variation in knowledge among members of the same family, with mothers and sisters knowing HIV status more frequently than fathers and brothers. The amount of supportiveness regarding issues of HIV disease within the family also varied considerably.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important for the family physician caring for the gay male patient, his family, or both to understand that the pattern of knowledge and supportiveness among family members concerning sexual orientation and HIV status is selective, even within the same family. The physician needs to assess family members' knowledge and attitudes to plan an overall care strategy.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Family and Health, San Francisco General Hospital, CA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Catania
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006716:Homosexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires