Effect of concomitant administration of cimetidine and ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic effects of terfenadine.
Terfenadine is a widely prescribed non-sedating antihistamine which undergoes rapid and almost complete first pass biotransformation to an active carboxylic acid metabolite. It is unusual to find unmetabolised terfenadine in the plasma of patients taking the drug. Terfenadine in vitro is a potent blocker of the myocardial potassium channel. Overdose, hepatic compromise and the coadministration of ketoconazole and erythromycin result in the accumulation of terfenadine, which is thought to be responsible of QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes ventricular arrhythmia in susceptible individuals. Cimetidine and ranitidine are two popular H2 antagonists which are often taken with terfenadine. The effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on terfenadine metabolism were studied in two cohorts of 6 normal volunteers given the recommended dose of terfenadine (60 mg every 12 h) for 1 week prior to initiation of cimetidine 600 mg every 12 h or ranitidine 150 mg every 12 h. Pharmacokinetic profiles and morning pre-dose electrocardiograms were obtained whilst the patients were on terfenadine alone and after the addition of cimetidine or rantidine. One of the subjects in each cohort had a detectable plasma level of parent compound after 1 week of terfenadine therapy alone; it did not accumulate further after addition of the H2 antagonist. The pharmacokinetics of the carboxylic acid metabolite of terfenadine (Cmax, tmax, AUC) were not significantly changed after co-administration of either H2 antagonist. None of the remaining 5 subjects in either cohort demonstrated accumulation of unmetabolised terfenadine after addition of the respective H2 antagonist and electrocardiographic QT intervals and T-U morphology in them was not changed during the course of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Honig
P K
PK
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
Wortham
D C
DC
Zamani
K
K
Conner
D P
DP
Mullin
J C
JC
Cantilena
L R
LR
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016593:Terfenadine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D016593:Terfenadine; D002927:Cimetidine; D011899:Ranitidine