title: Refining the indications for arteriography in penetrating extremity trauma: a prospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Five hundred fourteen consecutive patients with an isolated upper or lower extremity penetrating injury were entered into a prospective study designed to refine the indications for diagnostic arteriography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two (4%) patients with limb-threatening ischemia who required immediate operation and 23 (4%) who refused arteriography were excluded from subsequent analyses. The remaining 469 patients were classified as being at high, intermediate, or low risk for an arterial injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred thirteen patients who were at low risk were observed for 24 hours, discharged, and monitored as outpatients. No delayed complications of an arterial injury developed in any patient in this group. The intermediate-risk group of 151 patients and the high-risk group of 105 patients underwent arteriography. Seventy-seven injuries were identified; 24 were major (limb-threatening) and 53 were minor. Fourteen major injuries required operative repair or transcatheter embolization; the remaining 10 nonocclusive major injuries were observed without sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By step-down logistic regression only pulse deficit (p < 0.01) and an ankle/brachial or wrist/brachial index less than 1.00 in the injured extremity (p < 0.03) were found to be significant predictors of an arterial injury. The presence of either of these two clinical variables successfully predicted all major arterial injuries. This prospective study supports the proposition that arteriography that is limited only to those patients who have either a pulse deficit or minimum ankle/brachial or wrist/brachial index less than 1.00 successfully detects all significant arterial injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033-4612.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Yellin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology