title: Corticotropin-releasing factor release from the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rat as measured by microdialysis.
abstract: Procedures were developed to permit the measurement of corticotropin-releasing factor in perfusate collected from microdialysis probes implanted in various brain areas of anesthetized and awake rats. Initially in vitro experiments were carried out to optimize the recovery of corticotropin-releasing factor and the radioimmunoassay conditions. Addition of a specific antiserum against corticotropin-releasing factor to the perfusion medium (artificial cerebrospinal fluid) increased the relative in vitro recovery over a range of different flow rates (1-10 microliters/min) using commercially available microdialysis probes with a membrane cutoff of 20,000 mol. wt. This procedure increased recovery from 3% to 6% at flow rate of 2.5 microliters/min, and from 4% to 8% at a flow rate of 5 microliters/min. In vivo experiments were performed with a flow rate of 3.3 microliters/min and 50-microliters fractions were used for radioimmunoassay. In each experiment, the standard curve of the radioimmunoassay was constructed from aliquots of the same medium used to perfuse the probe. Basal levels of corticotropin-releasing factor in dialysate collected from the mediobasal hypothalamus of anesthetized rats were estimated to be 0.75 +/- 0.07 fmol/50 microliters. Raising the concentration of potassium (60 mM) in the perfusate increased corticotropin-releasing factor levels to 2.04 +/- 0.37 fmol/50 microliters. Hypertonic stress induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1.5M NaCl (20 ml/kg) elevated the levels to 1.32 +/- 0.07 fmol/50 microliters. A marked increase of corticotropin-releasing factor levels was also produced by a 10-min pulse of the potassium-channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (10 mM) included in the perfusate. A second stimulation pulse with 4-aminopyridine, administered 2 h after the first pulse again increased the levels, with a mean ratio between the first and second pulse of 0.97. Corticotropin-releasing factor efflux produced by the second stimulation pulse was completely inhibited by perfusion with calcium-free medium containing calcium-chelating agent ethyleneglycol tetraacetic acid (10 mM). In separate experiments, microdialysis probes were implanted in several brain areas of anesthetized rats. Basal and potassium-evoked levels of corticotropin-releasing factor were measured in dialysate collected from the amygdala (1.20 +/- 0.22 and 2.05 +/- 0.48 fmol/50 microliters, respectively) and frontal cortex (0.51 +/- 0.10 and 1.64 +/- 0.15 fmol/50 microliters, respectively). Corticotropin-releasing factor levels in the dorsal part of the third ventricle and in the striatum were below the detection limits. In awake rats, corticotropin-releasing factor levels in the mediobasal hypothalamus were 0.98 +/- 0.03 fmol/50 microliters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pich
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Koob
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heilig
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menzaghi
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D003243:Consciousness; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008473:Median Eminence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017551:Microdialysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003345:Corticosterone