title: Autoantibodies against retinal bipolar cells in cutaneous melanoma-associated retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's goal was to determine the pathophysiology of the retinopathy that occurs in patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma and sudden onset of night blindness, the so-called melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that sera from two MAR patients contained autoantibodies that reacted with "on" bipolar cells of the human retina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunofluorescence was performed on cryostat sections of unfixed normal human retinas. Sera and IgG fractions were tested from the two MAR patients and 38 control subjects (28 patients with metastatic melanoma, but no visual symptoms; two patients with non-MAR retinopathy; and eight normal subjects).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sera and IgG fractions from both MAR patients but from none of the control subjects produced heavy immunostaining of bipolar cells, which were identified as rod bipolars by a double labeling procedure using anti-protein kinase C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hypothesize that MAR patients generate autoantibodies against a melanoma antigen that cross react with bipolar cells of the retina. These antibodies, by an unknown mechanism, may cause abnormalities of the rod and cone systems that are characteristic of MAR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-0001.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Milam
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Saari
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Lubinski
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Feun
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004596:Electroretinography; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007395:Interneurons / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000556:secondary; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009755:Night Blindness / Q000276:immunology*; D012160:Retina / Q000276:immunology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000556:secondary
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001323:Autoantibodies; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins