title: Diagnostic factors in gastric cardia cancer invading the esophagus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis of patients with tumors in the upper one-third of the stomach, particularly those with esophageal invasion, is poor.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 168 patients with advanced cancer in the upper third of the stomach whose lesion had had invaded the esophagus. Clinical and pathologic studies were performed with respect to diagnostic factors and histologic differentiation of the lesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-three patients (49.4%) had differentiated gastric cancer, and 85 (50.6%) had undifferentiated cancer. The survival time was shorter for patients with undifferentiated cancer than for those with differentiated cancer (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed operative curability, liver metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, lymph node metastasis, serosal invasion, and tumor size to be independent prognostic factors. In patients with undifferentiated cancer, tumors were larger, serosal invasion was prominent, lymph node metastasis was present in 85.9% of cases, 64.7% of metastases were noncuratively resected, and survival time was less favorable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis shows that a group of patients at increased risk for tumor advancement will benefit from more aggressive therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002299:Cardia; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate