title: Antidepressant treatment of tinnitus patients: report of a randomized clinical trial and clinical prediction of benefit.
abstract: Ninety-two middle-aged and elderly patients with disabling tinnitus participated in a double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing nortriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressant) to placebo. The study was stratified for presence (n = 38) or absence (n = 54) of current major depression (by DSM-III criteria). Both active drug and placebo were given for 6 weeks following a dose adjustment phase; the median nightly dose of nortriptyline was 100 mg. The two primary outcome variables were global satisfaction questions: "Has the medication helped you in any way?" and "Has your tinnitus improved?" Sixty-seven percent of nortriptyline patients stated the drug had helped them, versus 40 percent of placebo patients (chi-square = 7.14, p = 0.008). However, tinnitus severity was not significantly affected by nortriptyline (active: 43%; placebo: 30%; chi-square = 1.567, p = N/S). Benefit was more likely to be reported by depressed patients, by patients with insomnia, by women, and by patients without cervical musculoskeletal disease. Nortriptyline is useful in some patients with disabling tinnitus, but has not been shown to directly affect tinnitus sensation. Placebo effects were strongly significant and must be considered important in tinnitus therapy. It is difficult to specify the most appropriate outcome measures for tinnitus therapeutic trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7777.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dobie
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Katon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008144:Loudness Perception; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009661:Nortriptyline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015990:Placebo Effect; D010919:Placebos / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D009661:Nortriptyline