title: Comparison of intracervical, intrauterine, and intratubal techniques for donor insemination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of intracervical insemination (ICI), intrauterine insemination (IUI), and a combination of intratubal and intrauterine insemination (ITI/IUI) for donor insemination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The University of Michigan donor insemination program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one women undergoing donor insemination with cryopreserved sperm for either isolated male factor or male factor plus ovulatory dysfunction corrected by clomiphene citrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each patient was randomly assigned to receive each of the three insemination techniques in consecutive cycles until pregnancy occurred or the patient dropped from the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cycle fecundity rates were compared using the chi 2 test, and cumulative pregnancy rates (PRs) determined by life table analysis were compared using a log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cycle fecundity rate was significantly higher for IUI (18.3%) than for ICI (3.9%) or ITI/IUI (7.3%). By life table analysis, the cumulative PR for IUI was significantly higher than for ICI, but the PR for ITI/IUI was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For donor insemination with cryopreserved sperm, IUI increases cycle fecundity compared with ICI. The addition of ITI to IUI, however, interferes with the apparent beneficial effect of IUI alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0718.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hurd
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ansbacher
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Menge
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ohl
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000494:pharmacology; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005187:Fallopian Tubes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007316:Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013094:Spermatozoa; D014599:Uterus
chemical_list: D002996:Clomiphene