title: Frequency and enterotoxigenicity of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in domestic animals in Pakistan as compared to Sweden.
abstract: Domestic and wild animals have been considered to be the most common reservoirs of Campylobacter for human infections. This study has been conducted to establish the frequency and enterotoxigenicity of C. jejuni and C. coli in the stools of domestic animals in a developing versus a developed country. Faecal samples of 300 chickens and laying hens, 102 horses, 180 cows, 92 goats and sheep were collected from Pakistan and Sweden. The hippurate hydrolysis test and CHO-cell test were performed for species differentiation and enterotoxigenicity determination respectively. The pattern and sequence of frequency distribution of Campylobacter in animals in Pakistan and Sweden were similar, the main difference being a significantly higher frequency in Pakistani samples. C. jejuni was the dominant species from both countries and Pakistani strains were more enterotoxigenic than Swedish strains. We conclude that the spread of Campylobacter infection in developing countries originates from different sources in the neighbourhood, for example animals, and unless hygienic conditions improve no change can be expected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Lindblom
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mazhar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sjögren
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaijser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000382:microbiology*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D003906:Developing Countries; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D006736:Horses; D010154:Pakistan; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012756:Sheep; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins