title: Oral immunization of rats with proteinoid microspheres encapsulating influenza virus antigens.
abstract: Influenza virus antigen microspheres were prepared by a pH-dependent process using a protein-like polymer (proteinoid) made by thermal condensation of amino acids. The efficacy of these preparations to induce specific IgG responses when used as oral vaccines in rats was evaluated. A single enteric dose of M1 entrapped in proteinoid microspheres was able to induce a significant IgG response to M1 as early as 2 weeks postdosing, while rats dosed orally with the same M1 total dose (no microspheres) showed no detectable antibody response. An unencapsulated hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (HA-NA) preparation induced a moderate anti HA-NA IgG response. A single enteric dose of HA-NA spheres induced a response in 33% of the rats; this response was up to eight times higher than that observed in the rats dosed with unencapsulated antigen.
authors.affiliation: Emisphere Technologies, Inc., Hawthorne, New York 10532.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milstein
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bucher
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014764:Viral Proteins