Matrix metalloproteinases: a review.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of nine or more highly homologous Zn(++)-endopeptidases that collectively cleave most if not all of the constituents of the extracellular matrix. The present review discusses in detail the primary structures and the overlapping yet distinct substrate specificities of MMPs as well as the mode of activation of the unique MMP precursors. The regulation of MMP activity at the transcriptional level and at the extracellular level (precursor activation, inhibition of activated, mature enzymes) is also discussed. A final segment of the review details the current knowledge of the involvement of MMP in specific developmental or pathological conditions, including human periodontal diseases.
Birkedal-Hansen
H
H
Department of Oral Biology, University of Alabama School of Dentistry, Birmingham 35294.
Moore
W G
WG
Bodden
M K
MK
Windsor
L J
LJ
Birkedal-Hansen
B
B
DeCarlo
A
A
Engler
J A
JA
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000201:enzymology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000201:enzymology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases