title: Placental and ovarian hormones in anembryonic pregnancy.
abstract: The circulating levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), Schwangerschaft protein 1 (SP-1), oestradiol and progesterone were measured in 81 pregnant patients between 4 and 11 weeks gestation, following in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The patients were divided as follows: singleton anembryonic pregnancies, n = 22; singleton pregnancies which spontaneously aborted following the demonstration of fetal heart activity, n = 7; and normal singleton pregnancies, n = 52. The levels of all substances measured were significantly reduced in women with anembryonic compared to those with singleton pregnancies which proceeded to term. The serum levels of SP-1, weeks 6-8 (P < 0.01); HCG, weeks 6-8 (P < 0.05); oestradiol, weeks 5-8 (P < 0.05) and progesterone, weeks 6-8 (P < 0.05), were lower in anembryonic pregnancies than in those of pregnancies which spontaneously aborted. These differences may be a reflection of the fact that miscarriage, after the demonstration of fetal heart activity, represents fetal demise at a later stage in pregnancy. In anembryonic pregnancies, significant associations were found between HCG and both oestradiol and progesterone levels from weeks 6 and 8, suggesting that in the absence of an embryo, HCG is the prime determinant of steroid synthesis by the corpus luteum.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrinology Unit, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Grudzinskas
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000502:physiology; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism*; D010906:Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D010926:Placental Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010906:Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones; D010926:Placental Hormones