title: The substantia innominata complex and the peripeduncular nucleus in orofacial dyskinesia: a pharmacological and anatomical study in cats.
abstract: It has been shown that orofacial dyskinesia, i.e. a syndrome of abnormal involuntary movements of the facial muscles, can be elicited from the sub-commissural part of the globus pallidus and the adjoining dorsal parts of the extended amygdala in cats. Until now it is unknown whether the peripeduncular nucleus, which receives input from these structures according to anterograde tracing studies, plays a role in the funneling of orofacial dyskinesia to lower output stations. In the present study the connection of the subcommissural part of the globus pallidus and dorsal parts of the extended amygdala with the peripeduncular nucleus was investigated anatomically, using cholera toxin subunit B as a retrograde tracer, and functionally, using intracerebral injections of GABAergic compounds. The anatomical data show that the sub-commissural part of the globus pallidus and dorsal parts of the extended amygdala were marked by cholera toxin sub-unit B-immunoreactive cells following injections of this retrograde tracer into the peripeduncular nucleus. Thus, it could be confirmed that the peripeduncular nucleus receives input from the sub-commissural part of the globus pallidus and dorsal parts of the extended amygdala. Still, the orofacial dyskinesia elicited by local injections of the GABA antagonist picrotoxin (500 ng/0.5 microliters) into the sub-commissural part of the globus pallidus and dorsal extended amygdala was only in part attenuated by local injections of the GABA agonist muscimol (100 ng/l microliters) into the peripeduncular nucleus. Only the number of tongue protrusions was significantly attenuated, but not that of the ear and cheek movements. Furthermore, tongue protrusions, but no additional oral movements, were elicited by picrotoxin injections (375-500 ng) into the peripeduncular nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Psychoneuropharmacological Research Unit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Spooren
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Mulders
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Veening
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cools
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002415:Cats; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005145:Face; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000473:pathology*; D009055:Mouth; D009118:Muscimol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013377:Substantia Innominata / Q000473:pathology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002772:Cholera Toxin; D009118:Muscimol; D010852:Picrotoxin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid