title: An arm immersion model of compromised skin (I). Influence on irritation reactions.
abstract: Patch testing and safety evaluation processes to assess the allergic or irritant potential of substances are usually performed on normal skin. However, the reactivity of compromised skin may be different. Consequently, it is important to have a test procedure which acts as a model for compromised skin and which reproduces on the target sites the cumulative insult which results from repeated exposure, working temperatures, hydration and the action of surfactants. The procedure described uses regular immersion of forearm skin in an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulphate until an identifiable alteration of skin condition is produced. In this first report, the model system has been described in detail and the influence of skin compromise on the response to 3 irritants, citral, sodium dodecyl sulphate and nonanoic acid, has been assessed. The irritation potential of the materials varied, but each irritant produced a greater degree of reaction on skin compromised to be within the normal clinical range one might expect from housework.
authors.affiliation: Lister Hospital, Stevenage, Hert, UK.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Allenby
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Basketter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dickens
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Brough
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000328:Adult; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010328:Patch Tests; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D014801:Vitamin A; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C008776:pelargonic acid; C007076:citral