Screening procedures for eye irritation.
Screens aid in identifying some severe irritants or corrosives and eliminating them from consideration for in vivo eye irritation testing. Products may be evaluated for ocular irritation potential in a stepwise progression as follows: (1) products at pH extremes of 2 or below or of 11.5 or above may be considered to be ocular irritants; (2) based on chemical structure-activity considerations, some products may be judged to have ocular irritation potential; (3) validated and accepted in vitro systems may possibly be used as a screen in the future; (4) when a test material demonstrates severe acute dermal toxicity (lethality at < or = 200 mg/kg body weight), further testing for either dermal or ocular irritation may not need to be undertaken; (5) if a substance shows a primary dermal irritation index of 5 or above, it may be considered to be an ocular irritant; (6) materials that are not removed from consideration based on these proposed screens may then be considered for testing for ocular irritation in rabbits under accepted procedures. In a survey given to participants in the workshop, a high percentage believed that screens should be used. However, opinions on the use of the individual screens varied between the different interested groups attending, with the possible future use of in vitro screens for specific product lines having the highest percentage of agreement (57-100%).
Hurley
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US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460.
Chambers
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Green
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Gupta
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Hill
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Lambert
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Lee
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Lee
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Liu
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Lowther
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D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007391:International Cooperation; D007509:Irritants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D007509:Irritants