title: Caffeine-derived N-nitroso compounds. II. Synthesis and characterization of nitrosation products from caffeidine and caffeidine acid.
abstract: Caffeine on alkaline hydrolysis produces caffeidine [1-methyl-4-(methylamino)-5-(N-methylcarbamoyl)imidazole] and caffeidine acid [N-[4-(5-carboxy-1-methylimidazolyl)]-N,N'-dimethylurea]. We now report the synthesis and chemical characterization of mononitrosocaffeidine [1-methyl-4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosoamino)-5-(N-methylcarbamoyl)i midazole], dinitroso-caffeidine [1-methyl-4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosoamino)-5-(N-methyl-N-nitrosocarb amo yl) imidazole], and mononitrosamidocaffeidine [1-methyl-4-(methylamino)-5-(N-methyl-N-nitrosocarbamoyl)-Imidazole] based on spectral analysis. The characterization of nitrosated byproducts obtained during the synthesis of these compounds is also presented. Caffeidine is shown to undergo rapid nitrosation in acidic medium to form mononitrosocaffeidine (MNC), an asymmetric N-nitrosamine, and dinitrosocaffeidine (DNC), a N-nitrosamide. Although the reaction proceeds with preferential nitrosation of the amino group in caffeidine, the results also support partial involvement of a mononitrosamide intermediate in the formation of MNC and DNC through transnitrosation of the amino group. The stability data suggest that the nitroso group at the amino nitrogen in DNC influences the reactivity of amide nitroso group. The presence of a trisubstituted ureide moiety in caffeidine acid has been confirmed by NMR nuclear Overhauser effect experiments. Nitrosation of caffeidine acid under acidic conditions produced N,N'-dimethylparabanic acid (DMPA, N,N'-dimethylimidazolidinetrione) as a major product with low amounts of mononitrosocaffeidine and N,N'-dimethyl-N-nitrosourea, whereas nitrosation with NOBF4/pyridine in aprotic medium gave rise to an anhydride, 1,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-5,7-dioxo-1H,7H-imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]oxazine. The nitrosation of methyl ester of caffeidine acid resulted in the formation of a N-nitrosourea derivative, N-[4-(5-carboxy-1-methylimidazolyl)]-N'-nitroso-N,N'-dimethylurea. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar J&K, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wacker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mende
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spiegelhalder
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Preussmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
mesh_terms: D002110:Caffeine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D005563:Formic Acid Esters / Q000737:chemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D005563:Formic Acid Esters; D007093:Imidazoles; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; C000345:t-butyloxycarbonyl group; C080192:N,N'-dimethylparabanic acid; C051079:caffeidine; D002110:Caffeine; C080193:caffeidine acid