title: "Normal" umbilical arterial and venous acid-base and blood gas values.
abstract: Study groups often considered representative of entire populations inevitably do not consider normal fetuses because nonpathologic events can alter the study parameters. Therefore, the term "normal" and its range, when used for comparisons, must be scrutinized by the obstetrician, pediatrician, and those with medicolegal concerns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D001034:Apgar Score; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000097:blood; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D014469:Umbilical Arteries; D014471:Umbilical Veins