title: High frequency of etoposide (VP-16)-related secondary leukemia in children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
abstract: METHODS
  We report patients who were treated for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or Ki-1 antigen-positive (Ki-1) lymphoma with a T-8801 protocol that included etoposide (VP-16) and behenoylcytosine arabinoside.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) developed in 5 of 38 NHL and Ki-1 lymphoma patients, and the cumulative risk at 4 years was 18.4%. The median time from the initiation of the chemotherapy to the development of AML was 21 months (range, 13-30). Four patients had a FAB M5 morphology, and one had FAB M2. In four of five examined cases, chromosomal alterations involving the long arm of chromosome 11 were demonstrated at the time of development of AML. None of the 46 NHL patients who we treated with another protocol (B-8801), using significantly higher cumulative doses of VP-16 than in the case of the patients with T-8801 and a different schedule of VP-16 administration, developed secondary AML.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of secondary AML possibly related to the use of VP-16 given twice weekly.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Dokkyo University, Tochigi-ken, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akatsuka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001216:Asparagine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007948:Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015993:Life Tables; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012306:Risk; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D001216:Asparagine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D008727:Methotrexate