title: Sterilization of dogs with intra-epididymal injection of zinc arginine.
abstract: Condoms and vasectomy are the only fertility control methods available to males. Fifty million surgical vasectomies have been performed worldwide. In spite of improvements in the surgical techniques, the widespread use of vasectomy is limited due mainly to fear of genital operation. Chemical sterilization offers a promising new approach as an alternative to surgery. Fifteen sexually mature, mixed breed, male dogs, 2-3 1/2 years of age and weighing 22 +/- 1.8 kg, were divided into two groups. Five control placebo animals were injected with 0.5 ml of saline into the cauda epididymis, and ten treated animals were injected with 0.5 ml of 50 mg of zinc arginine into the cauda epididymis. Semen analysis performed before injection showed no significant difference between control placebo and treated groups. The control placebo animals exhibited a significant reduction in sperm motility one month after injection, which returned to normal within two months, and no change in semen volume, sperm abnormalities, or sperm concentration analyzed monthly for twelve months. The zinc arginine-treated animals achieved azoospermia ninety days after injection. The dogs were sacrificed one year after injection. There was no significant reduction of reproductive organ weights of the treated group as compared to the control placebo group. Although histological examination of the testes revealed normal seminiferous tubules, there was atrophy of the rete testes of the zinc arginine-treated group and, thus, increase in connective tissue. Histological examination of epididymides of the zinc arginine-treated group indicated that none of the cells in the head, body, and tail of the epididymis and ductus deferens contained sperm; 90% of the coils were empty and 10% contained amorphous pink cell debris; the coils decreased in diameter and were lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium; no granuloma was observed. There was no significant change in serum testosterone level of control placebo and treated groups. These results offer the possibility of a new method of permanent sterilization instead of surgery. Zinc is considered to be nonmutagenic, noncarcinogenic, and nonteratogenic.
authors.affiliation: Center of Reproductive Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fahim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sutcu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fahim
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Youngquist
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects; D013245:Sterilization, Reproductive / Q000379:methods*; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D001120:Arginine; D015032:Zinc