title: Efficient transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus between cofeeding ticks.
abstract: Most of the data on oral infections of ticks with tick-borne encephalitis virus have been derived from experiments using animals infected by syringe inoculation. To mimic the natural conditions of virus transmission, tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus) or Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann adults (donors) were cofed with uninfected nymphs (recipients) of either tick species on uninfected guinea pigs. Two tick-retaining cells were attached to each guinea pig: cell 1 contained uninfected nymphs and virus-infected adults, and cell 2 contained uninfected nymphs. Following engorgement, 55% of I. ricinus nymphs and 65% of R. appendiculatus nymphs were shown to have acquired the virus while cofeeding with I. ricinus donor ticks. Similarly, 66% of R. appendiculatus recipient nymphs that cofed with R. appendiculatus virus-infected adults were infected. Some of the guinea pigs on which the ticks cofed were apparently nonviremic. The results indicate that efficient transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus can occur between cofeeding ticks even when the host on which they feed does not develop a detectable viremia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labuda
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Danielova
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nuttall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000382:microbiology*; D004669:Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009758:Nymph / Q000382:microbiology; D013987:Ticks / Q000382:microbiology*