title: [Surgical treatment of Bland-White-Garland syndrome in infants and children: experiences with revascularization techniques].
abstract: In comparison with the older technique of ligation of the anomalous coronary artery in Bland-White-Garland syndrome, the various methods of revascularisation have in common the concept of a two coronary artery system. Between 1980 and 1992, 10 children from 6 weeks to 11 years of age (mean 2 years) underwent revascularisation: direct reimplantation of the coronary ostium from the pulmonary artery to the aorta (n = 7), modified implantation with coronary artery elongation (n = 1), bypasses using subclavian artery (n = 1) or the mammary artery (n = 1). Postoperatively, 2 infants died, both following direct reimplantation, resulting in an overall mortality of 20%. There was no late death. All children but one are asymptomatic and do not require medication on follow up for between 3 months and 12 years (mean 5 years) after the procedure. Echocardiography, cardiac catheterisation, and scintigraphy show a significant improvement of left ventricular function and, as a direct consequence, a decrease in preexisting mitral insufficiency. Hence any surgical manipulation at the mitral valve should be avoided at the initial operation. As a principle, the revascularisation procedure should be performed at the earliest possible time to avoid further ischemic myocardial damage. On long-term follow-up, ventricular function and prognosis of the residual low-degree mitral insufficiency remain unclear and require regular control examinations.
authors.affiliation: 2. Chirurgische Universitätsklinik, Wien.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wollenek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Domanig
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Salzer-Muhar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Havel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miholic
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery