title: Substance use risk factors for HIV infection.
abstract: The focus on reducing needle sharing by IVDUs as an HIV-control strategy is well supported by epidemiologic data. Because of this emphasis, however, the role of other HIV risk factors in drug use is sometimes overlooked. Although needle sharing by IVDUs undoubtedly will continue to be one of the greatest risk factor for HIV infection in drug users, other risk factors in HIV infection also are associated with drug use and may contribute significantly to the spread of HIV infection. It is clear that the role of drug use in AIDS is not limited to needle sharing by IVDUs. HIV infection can be transmitted by any type of needle use. Nonintravenous drugs (e.g., crack) and other risk factors (e.g., unprotected sex) also may play a role in the spread of HIV infection. Because of its dependence potential, crack may come to play a major role in HIV transmission, primarily because of its link to unprotected sexual behavior.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Pickens
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Battjes
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Svikis
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gupman
mesh_terms: D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*