title: A retropseudogene for non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-1.
abstract: Southern analysis of the human genome revealed that there are several sequences with homology to the nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG-1. The majority of the HMG-1 sequences are intronless as suggested from the polymerase chain reaction of HeLa DNA. Sequencing of a clone from a human placenta genomic library revealed that the clone was intronless and displayed 99% homology to the human HMG-1 cDNA. The 5' regulatory motif, CCAAT, is present in the clone but there is no TATA-box. Most of the differences between the HMG-1 cDNA sequence and the clone involve point mutations with no interruption of the reading frame. The sequence is flanked at 5' and 3' ends by a 15 nucleotide long direct repeat suggesting that the clone is a processed HMG-1 retropseudogene. Sequence differences between the reading frames of the HMG-1 pseudogene and HMG-1 cDNA indicated that the pseudogene arose relatively late in evolution, approximately one million years ago. The present paper is the first study on a genomic sequence related to HMG-1 genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stros
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D015894:Genome, Human; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011544:Pseudogenes; D016364:Reading Frames; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D016385:TATA Box
chemical_list: D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D004247:DNA