title: Integration is essential for efficient gene expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
abstract: A mutant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 which carries a frameshift insertion in the integrase/endonuclease region of pol gene was constructed in vitro. Upon transfection into cells, although this mutant exhibited a normal phenotype with respect to expression of gag, pol, and env genes and to generation of progeny virions, no replication-competent virus in CD4-positive cells emerged. An assay for the single-step replication of a defective viral genome dependent on trans complementation by rev protein was established and used to monitor the early phase of viral infection process. Viral clones with a mutation in the vif, vpr, or vpu gene displayed no abnormality in the early phase. In contrast, the integrase mutant did not direct a marker gene expression after infection. Together with an observation that the mutant lacked the ability to integrate, these results indicated that the integration was required for efficient viral gene expression and productive infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakuragi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakuragi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishimoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adachi
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004254:DNA Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D003673:Defective Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D015870:Gene Expression; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015684:Gene Products, pol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015751:Genes, pol / Q000235:genetics*; D016341:Genes, vif / Q000235:genetics; D016334:Genes, vpr / Q000235:genetics; D016338:Genes, vpu / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D019426:Integrases; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D016662:Virus Integration; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015686:Gene Products, env; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015684:Gene Products, pol; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D004254:DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; D019426:Integrases