title: Phase I clinical study of LL-D49194 alpha 1 with retrospective pharmacokinetic investigations in mice and humans. The EORTC ECTG.
abstract: LL-D49194 alpha 1 is a new cytotoxic antibiotic selected for clinical phase I study because of its impressive pre-clinical anti-tumour activity and its low toxicity profile in experimental animals. A total of 15 patients were treated in centres in Glasgow and Amsterdam at doses ranging from 0.25 to 4 mg/m2. One minor response was noted in a patient with colonic carcinoma. The study was suspended following the discovery of unexpected cardiotoxicity. As this toxicity was not consistent with the standard (EORTC) European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer toxicology profile, we chose to investigate the pharmacokinetics of LL-D49194 alpha 1 in mice and humans in more detail to try to explain this phenomenon. A major difference in plasma protein binding was discovered between mice and patients, with a suggestion of non-linear kinetics being noted at higher doses in humans. It is likely that these differences in drug handling account for the unexpected and serious toxicity encountered in this trial.
authors.affiliation: CRC Department of Clinical Oncology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ten Bokkel Huinink
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Setanoians
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rankin
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001798:Blood Proteins; C063725:LL-D49194 alpha1