title: Cholesterol enrichment of arterial smooth muscle cells upregulates cytokine-induced nitric oxide synthesis.
abstract: Endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide (EDRF/NO) is produced by the vascular wall and is a key modulator of vascular tone and blood pressure. NO is also produced by vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) where it can inhibit proliferation. Since cytokine-activated VSMC proliferation is a major event in the development of atherosclerosis, we investigated the influence of cholesterol (CE)-enrichment of VSMC on cytokine-induced NO synthesis. Treatment of VSMC with native LDL for one week did not promote CE-accretion or alter NO production following exposure to endotoxin (LPS). In contrast, CE-enrichment by cationized LDL augmented LPS-induction of NO synthesis 2-5-fold. While TNF-alpha promoted little NO synthesis in control VSMC, it was very potent after CE-enrichment. Similarly, CE-enrichment augmented IL-1 alpha-induced NO synthesis. However, CE-enrichment did not affect the synergistic induction of NO synthesis by cytokines in combination with IFN-gamma. Our findings suggest that CE-enrichment of VSMC upregulates signal transduction pathways which mediate cytokine and LPS induction of NO synthase activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Pomerantz
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Hajjar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002784:Cholesterol