title: Saturated fatty acid chain length and positional distribution in infant formula: effects on growth and plasma lipids and ketones in piglets.
abstract: Human milk contains a large proportion of palmitic acid (16:0) with > 70% esterified to the center sn-2 position of the milk triglyceride. Infant formulas often use 8:0 + 10:0 [medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)] or 12:0 + 14:0 (coconut oil) as the saturated fat. The effect of formula saturated fatty acid composition; 8:0 + 10:0, 12:0 + 14:0, or 16:0 from palm oil or synthesized triglyceride containing predominantly sn-2 16:0 on plasma lipids and fatty acids was studied in piglets. Although the formulas contained similar 18:1 and 18:2n-6, plasma lipid percentages of 18:1 and 18:2n-6 were higher in piglets fed the formula with MCT or coconut oil rather than the formulas with 16:0, or sow milk. The sn-2 16:0 of the synthesized triglyceride had unique properties. Specifically, piglets fed synthesized triglyceride had significantly higher cholesteryl ester 16:0 identical to that in piglets fed sow milk and higher plasma total and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol than piglets fed the other formulas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Innis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quinlan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diersen-Schade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000097:blood; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007659:Ketones / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007659:Ketones; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010743:Phospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D000074263:Coconut Oil