title: A common ATP requirement for open complex formation and transcription at promoters containing initiator or TATA elements.
abstract: The involvement of ATP during transcription initiation from three basic types of RNA polymerase II promoters was investigated. Hydrolysis of the beta-gamma bond of ATP was found to be required for transcription at TATA, initiator, and initiator + TATA promoters. For all three promoters, ATP is required to melt the transcription start site region during formation of a functional open transcription complex. The use of ATP to open the DNA strands occurs rapidly. The resulting open complex is transient, since the start site re-closes rapidly upon initiation. The requirements for efficient open complex formation were similar to those for transcription in that both upstream elements and a basal element, either TATA or initiator, were necessary. The results further suggest that TATA-dependent and initiator-dependent preinitiation complex assembly pathways converge, prior to a step in which the strands are rapidly opened in the presence of ATP, to form analogous open complexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Smale
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gralla
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008345:Manganese / Q000494:pharmacology; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D016385:TATA Box; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C048856:permanganic acid; D008345:Manganese; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004247:DNA; D012319:RNA Polymerase II