title: Gene expression of interleukin-1 beta during hemodialysis.
abstract: It is still controversial whether the hemodialysis (HD) procedure is an inflammatory process in vivo. Therefore, we studied the gene expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) as a marker of inflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients during HD by Northern blotting and polymerase chain reaction. Compared to PBMC separated pre-HD (1.0 densitometric units), the amount of IL-1 beta mRNA was increased in PBMC leaving the dialyzer (12.2 +/- 2 densitometric units, P < 0.01), but was not increased in PBMC re-entering the dialyzer from the systemic circulation (0.6 +/- 0.1 densitometric units) in all 12 patients studied. The maximal amount of IL-1 beta mRNA in PBMC was seen at five minutes after start of HD. There was a significant correlation between the increase in IL-1 beta mRNA and the increase in activated complement C5a (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). HD using less complement-activating membranes (hemophan, polysulfone, polyamide or polyacrylonitrile) resulted in no detectable IL-1 beta mRNA. Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody against human C5a reduced the increase in IL-1 beta mRNA by 83% (P < 0.05), indicating that C5a plays a major role for induction of IL-1 beta mRNA during HD. This study demonstrates that during HD with regenerated cellulose, gene expression for IL-1 beta takes place in PBMC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linnenweber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oppermann
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaldon
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Koch
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002482:Cellulose; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D007688:Kidneys, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015936:Complement C5a; D002482:Cellulose; D004247:DNA