title: [Italian-style surgical resection practiced by surgeon Martín de Castellanos at the Escorial in 1594].
abstract: The science of urology emerged as a specialty in Spain three centuries earlier than in the rest of Europe. Publication of the Treaty of Urology by Francisco Díaz in 1588 and the founding of a permanent professorship in Madrid in 1612 for the teaching and treatment of urological conditions, represent the most relevant background for the future and still distant development of the specialty. In this paper we disclose new biographical data on the scholar Martín de Castellanos, first professor 'of Urology' in the history of Medicine and briefly discuss the innovation that the founding of the chair meant for the future regulations of this surgical specialty.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maganto Pavón
mesh_terms: D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D013030:Spain; D014572:Urology / Q000266:history*