Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood.
We examined the relationship between ruminative and distracting styles of responding to depressed mood and the duration of mood. Seventy-nine subjects kept accounts of their moods and responses to their moods for 30 consecutive days. The majority of subjects (83%) showed consistent styles of responding to depressed mood. Regression analyses suggested that the more ruminative responses subjects engaged in, the longer their periods of depressed mood, even after taking into account the initial severity of the mood. In addition, women were more likely than men to have a ruminative response style and on some measures to have more severe and long-lasting periods of depression.
Nolen-Hoeksema
S
S
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305.
Morrow
J
J
Fredrickson
B L
BL
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment