title: Congenital defects of the bovine musculoskeletal system and joints.
abstract: A variety of structural and functional congenital defects affecting the central nervous system of cattle have been identified. This article discusses specific defects of the central nervous system. Spastic and paralytic, metabolic, and storage diseases are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Leipold
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraga
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001176:Arthrogryposis / Q000662:veterinary; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002417:Cattle / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000662:veterinary; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities; D006984:Hypertrophy; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital; D009132:Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities