title: Congenital oral synechiae.
abstract: Major congenital synechiae of the oral cavity constitute a clinically confusing spectrum of abnormalities. On the basis of clinical data, we propose two categories: 1) abnormalities secondary to persistence of the buccopharyngeal membrane and 2) abnormalities secondary to formation of ectopic membranes. An ectopic membrane results from abnormal fusion and can be subclassified as a subglossopalatal membrane, glossopalatal ankylosis, or syngnathia. This classification is supported by embryologic studies and is used to reclassify all cases reported since 1900. Distinct differences, such as the presence of associated limb anomalies, emerge; these are reviewed and add support to the proposed classification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gartlan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000145:classification* / Q000196:embryology; D008297:Male; D009056:Mouth Abnormalities / Q000145:classification* / Q000196:embryology; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000151:congenital*