title: Regulation of glycogen synthase in human muscle during isometric contraction and recovery.
abstract: Six subjects performed isometric contraction (66% maximal force) to fatigue with the knee extensor muscles. Biopsies were taken from the quadriceps femoris muscle at rest, at fatigue and 1 min after termination of contraction. In three of the subjects recovery from contraction occurred in the presence of an intact circulation (non-occluded, NON) to the thigh, whereas in the other three the circulation during recovery was occluded (OCC). Glycogen synthase fractional activity (GSF) decreased in all subjects from (mean +/- SE) 0.53 +/- 0.06 at rest to 0.37 +/- 0.04 at fatigue (P < 0.001). In the OCC group GSF returned to the pre-exercise value within 1 min after termination of contraction (0.59 +/- 0.07 at rest vs. 0.57 +/- 0.04 at 1 min post-exercise), whereas in the NON group GSF increased to a higher extent (0.48 +/- 0.09 at rest vs. 0.70 +/- 0.06 at 1 min post-exercise). The increase in GSF during the 1-min recovery was almost three-fold higher in the NON group (0.15 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.03). Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) (assayed at 0/100 microM and 0.2/100 microM cAMP) did not change at fatigue or during recovery in either group. Glycogen synthase phosphatase (GSP) increased at fatigue by approximately 30% (P < 0.05 vs. rest). It is concluded that isometric contraction mediated inactivation of GS (i.e. phosphorylation of GS) is due to activation of a protein kinase(s) but not cAMP-PK. The rapid activation of GS in the NON group demonstrates that a humoral factor(s), possibly insulin and/or oxygen, is responsible for this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bechtel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005221:Fatigue / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006007:Glycogen-Synthase-D Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010725:Phosphocreatine; D006006:Glycogen Synthase; D011494:Protein Kinases; D006007:Glycogen-Synthase-D Phosphatase