title: Indications and application of epidural anesthesia in a pediatric population outside the perioperative period.
abstract: The techniques of spinal and epidural anesthesia have been key components of anesthetic care for the past 100 years. Although commonly used in the operating room, their use in children outside the perioperative period has been limited. The author presents his experience with the use of epidural anesthesia to provide analgesia in five children when parenteral narcotics were ineffective in treating pain associated with burns, sickle cell crisis, trauma, and malignancies. Additionally, the principles and adverse effects of epidural anesthesia are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tobias
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics