title: Chemoattractant agents and nerve growth factor stimulate human spermatozoal reactive oxygen species generation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP), complement 5a (C5a), and nerve growth factor (NGF) to stimulate human spermatozoal reactive oxygen species generation in fertile and infertile patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled study measuring human spermatozoal reactive oxygen species generation after addition of f-MLP, C5a, or NGF.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large health maintenance organization.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fertile group consisted of 14 men with established fertility and normal bulk semen parameters. The infertile group was comprised of 8 men who were infertile after > 18 months of unprotected sexual intercourse.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sperm samples were subjected to four test conditions: f-MLP stimulation, C5a stimulation, NGF stimulation, and no stimulation (control).
  
  
  METHODS
  Reactive oxygen generation was measured over a 15-minute period using the method of chemiluminescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both the fertile and infertile groups, reactive oxygen species generation was significantly enhanced by f-MLP, C5a, and NGF compared with controls. No significant difference in f-MLP- and C5a-stimulated reactive oxygen production was demonstrated between the infertile and fertile groups; however, there was a significant difference in reactive oxygen generation between infertile and fertile subjects when stimulated with NGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study represents the first report of f-MLP-, C5a-, and NGF-stimulated reactive oxygen species generation by human spermatozoa. Nerve growth factor enhanced reactive oxygen species production to a greater extent in infertile subjects compared with fertile subjects. This points to a possible NGF-mediated biochemical defect in the sperm of infertile patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90027.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Weese
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Peaster
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lad
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Zimmern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D015936:Complement C5a