title: The incidence of battery in an urban emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of battery against emergency department medical staff by patients or visitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective descriptive study over a nine-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university-affiliated ED Level I trauma center with an annual census of approximately 64,000 located in a major metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  All staff members who had been punched, kicked, grabbed, pushed, or spat on by a patient or visitor while on duty in the ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire that was completed after the incident.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, there were 19 instances of violence against staff by patients. Staff members were punched six times, kicked seven times, grabbed three times, pushed once, and spat on twice. Blows usually were sustained on the face or head (seven) or on the extremities (seven). In only four cases were hospital incident reports filled out, and in no case was there an injury serious enough to require ED treatment or disability leave. The assailant was usually male (15 of 19, 79%) and usually on a psychiatric or substance abuse detainment (15 of 19, 79%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that instances of battery in an urban university hospital ED usually are not serious and are committed by patients on a psychiatric or substance abuse detainment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foust
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rhee
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D016529:Emergency Nursing; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence; D000078329:Workforce