title: Subconjunctival THC:YAG ("holmium") laser thermal sclerostomy ab externo. A one-year report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laser sclerostomy can be performed in a less-invasive manner than standard filtering surgery. Longer wavelengths in the infrared range have water-absorptive characteristics that facilitate perforation of the sclera. The goal was to perform laser sclerostomy ab externo to avoid intraocular instrumentation and minimize conjunctival trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A thulium, holmium, chromium-doped:YAG (THC:YAG) crystal laser was used to create thermal sclerostomies in 49 glaucomatous eyes of 46 patients. The laser is a long-pulsed (300-microsecond), compact, self-contained, solid-state laser operating in the near infrared (2.1 microns). Energy was delivered via a specially designed 22-gauge (712-microns) optic probe that emits energy at a right angle to the long axis of the fiber. Pulse energies of 80 to 120 mJ were used. Total energy levels to produce full-thickness sclerostomies ranged from 1.4 to 7.2 J. Subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injections were administered in 46 eyes. Success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of less than or equal to 22 mmHg with or without medications. For eyes in which preoperative IOP was less than or equal to 22 mmHg, success was defined as a decrease in IOP of greater than or equal to 30%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimated probability of success allowing for one retreatment was 0.75 at 6 months and 0.68 at 12 months. Mean IOP of successful cases was 13.3 mmHg at both 6 and 12 months. Twelve cases failed within the initial 6 months, and two additional cases failed by 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  THC:YAG ("holmium") laser thermal sclerostomy is an alternative to other full-thickness filtration procedures. Further evaluation and understanding will define its ultimate role in glaucoma management.
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Glaucoma Research, San Francisco, CA 94102.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Iwach
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Hoskins
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Dickens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003228:Conjunctiva; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012599:Sclerostomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005472:Fluorouracil