title: Relationship between phosphorylation and translocation to the plasma membrane of p47phox and p67phox and activation of the NADPH oxidase in normal and Ca(2+)-depleted human neutrophils.
abstract: Stimulation of neutrophils with different agonists activates a latent multicomponent NADPH oxidase that reduces molecular oxygen to superoxide anion. Evidence has accumulated that phosphorylation of p47phox (the 47 kDa cytosolic phagocyte oxidase factor) and translocation of the two cytosolic components p47phox and p67phox are essential steps in the activation of NADPH oxidase in response to phorbol esters. We analysed the relationships between activation of the NADPH oxidase and phosphorylation and translocation of p47phox and p67phox in normal and Ca(2+)-depleted neutrophils stimulated by the receptor-mediated agonists formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and concanavalin A. The results produced the following conclusions: (1) Translocation of p47phox and p67phox is an essential mechanism for activation of the NADPH oxidase. (2) A continuous translocation of p47phox and p67phox is necessary to maintain the NADPH oxidase in an activated state. (3) Only a fraction of p47phox and p67phox translocated to the plasma membrane is functional for the activation of the oxidase. (4) Translocation is independent of protein kinase C, and is linked to transmembrane signalling involving Ca2+ transients and production of lipidic second messengers. However, under some conditions, such as in Ca(2+)-depleted neutrophils, translocation can also occur independently of signalling pathways involving production of second messengers from hydrolysis of phospholipids and Ca2+ transients. (5) Phosphorylation of p47phox and p67phox can be quantitatively dissociated from translocation, as staurosporine markedly inhibits phosphorylation but not translocation. (6) The activity of NADPH oxidase is not correlated with the amounts of the phosphorylated proteins present in the plasma membrane.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Patologia Generale, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dusi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Della Bianca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grzeskowiak
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D019311:Staurosporine
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C079789:neutrophil cytosol factor 67K; D003208:Concanavalin A; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C060505:neutrophil cytosolic factor 1; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D019311:Staurosporine; D002118:Calcium