title: The added gradient echo pulse sequence technique: application to imaging of fluid in the temporomandibular joint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of an added gradient echo in the same pulse sequence with a T1-weighted spin echo for determining the presence of an abnormal fluid collection in the temporomandibular joint with no additional imaging time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a standard T1-weighted sequence used in cine temporomandibular joint imaging, a readout gradient reversal was added and the resulting gradient echo collected. This image was compared with standard T1- and T2-weighted sequences, a short inversion recovery imaging sequence, and a small flip angle fast low-angle shot gradient-echo sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The T1-weighted spin echo preceding the added gradient echo is not affected by the gradient reversal, but the additional gradient echo adds T2* contrast information that displays fluid as bright as and compares favorably with other fluid detection sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The added gradient-echo technique adds sensitivity for the detection of an abnormal increase in fluid in the temporomandibular joint without adding to the overall imaging time of a routine T1-weighted sequence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: al-Refal
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008961:Models, Structural; D013582:Synovial Fluid; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology