title: The effect of reduced eyedrop size and eyelid closure on the therapeutic index of phenylephrine.
abstract: In this study we examined the relative effects of reducing eyedrop size (from 30 microliters to 10 microliters) and eyelid closure on the ocular efficacy and systemic absorption of 10% phenylephrine. Thirteen subjects participated in a quadruple crossover study that involved dilation with a 10-microliters and a 30-microliters drop of phenylephrine with and without eyelid closure. The 10-microliters drop was just as effective for pupillary dilation as the 30-microliters drop. Eyelid closure improved dilation for both drop sizes. Both eyelid closure and reducing the drug volume decreased systemic absorption of phenylephrine as measured by plasma concentration. When used together, eyelid closure and the smaller drop size reduced plasma concentration by 45%. The therapeutic index for 10% phenylephrine appears to be improved by using a 10-microliters drop followed by eyelid closure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Whitson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Schoenwald
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000328:Adult; D005143:Eyelids / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010656:Phenylephrine