title: Extensive heterogeneity of proteoglycans bearing fucose-branched chondroitin sulfate extracted from the connective tissue of sea cucumber.
abstract: The major sulfated polysaccharide in the sea cucumber body wall is a fucose-branched chondroitin sulfate. This glycosaminoglycan has side-chain disaccharide units of sulfated fucopyranosyl or sulfate esters linked to the O-3 position of the beta-D-glucuronic acid residues. These unusual fucose branches and sulfate esters block the access of chondroitinases to the chondroitin sulfate core [Vieira & Mourão (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18176-18183; Vieira et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 13530-13536]. We now report the isolation and preliminary characterization of the proteoglycans bearing this unique fucose-branched chondroitin sulfate. They were extracted using guanidine hydrochloride solutions containing protease inhibitors and were purified by anion-exchange and gel-filtration columns. Interestingly, the sea cucumber proteoglycans were cleaved by chondroitinase AC or ABC, indicating that the beta-D-glucuronic acid residues close to the reducing end of the polysaccharide chain are neither fucosylated nor sulfated. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed several fractions of proteoglycans of different molecular sizes but containing a similar hexuronic acid/protein ratio and a similar type of glycan chain. Possibly, the low-molecular-size fractions arise from a protease cleavage of a larger molecule. In contrast with the results observed for most vertebrate proteoglycans, which contain a single core protein for each type of proteoglycan, chondroitinase AC or ABC releases from the sea cucumber proteoglycans a wide variety of core proteins. These observations are the first detailed study of a proteoglycan from invertebrate tissue and reveal extensive heterogeneity when compared with proteoglycans from vertebrate connective tissue.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mourão
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002810:Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases / Q000737:chemistry; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000737:chemistry*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005643:Fucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012616:Sea Cucumbers; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D011509:Proteoglycans; D012997:Solvents; D005643:Fucose; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D002810:Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases