title: Assessment of changes in murine tumor oxygenation in response to nicotinamide using 19F NMR relaxometry of a perfluorocarbon emulsion.
abstract: The oxygen dependencies of the 19F NMR spin-lattice relaxation rates (R1 = 1/T1) of a perfluorocarbon emulsion sequestered in a murine tumor model has been used to evaluate nicotinamide, a radiosensitizer believed to act through enhanced tissue oxygenation. Fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopic measurements from solid Radiation-Induced Fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) tumors in C3H mice showed a statistically significant improvement in tumor pO2 for a Nicotinamide-treated group, with a delta pO2 = 4.7 +/- 3 torr ( = mm Hg) (Mean +/- SEM) at t = 60 min (P < .01), and 4.5 +/- 3 at t = 70 min post intraperitoneal injection (P < 0.02) as compared with saline-treated Controls, while several other time points for which t > 30 min were significant at the P < 0.05 level. Both groups had n = 10, and the statistics were based on Student's one-tailed group t test. By comparison, in another study group where breathing gas was switched from air to 100% O2, a statistically insignificant increase of 2 torr was realized in tumor pO2 (n = 9). The maximal treatment effect occurs at a delay of 60 to 70 min, consistent with results obtained by other investigators using radiobiology techniques. Fluorine-19 spectroscopic relaxometry can measure therapeutically meaningful changes in in vivo tumor pO2 and represents an improvement in expenditures of time, animal resources, and statistical power over conventional radiobiological methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA 01609.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hees
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sotak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002138:Calibration; D004655:Emulsions; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005461:Fluorine; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D009536:Niacinamide; D005461:Fluorine; C057576:bis(perfluorobutyl)ethene