title: Modification of cortical stimulation for motor evoked potentials under general anesthesia: technical description.
abstract: This pilot study presents a possible modification of direct cortical electrical stimulation technique for the recording of motor evoked potentials under general anesthesia. The exposed primary motor cortex was stimulated by a short train of anodal rectangular pulses at high frequency (300-500 Hz), while the compound muscle action potentials were recorded from the forearm and hand muscles. When compared with the traditional way of eliciting movement of the extremities by applying a train of pulses at lower frequency (50-60 Hz), muscle responses were obtainable at an intensity of much lower charge. It is suggested that this stimulation achieves a repetitive activation of the corticomotoneuronal tract. Responses could be continuously recorded throughout surgery and seemed to respond to surgical manipulation affecting the motor pathways. This technique seems to be applicable for intraoperative monitoring of motor pathways but requires further optimization of stimulation and recording parameters before wider clinical applications are possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cedzich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schramm
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005910:Glioma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008579:Meningioma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*