title: Determination of 4-hydroxynonenal by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
abstract: 4-Hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) is a highly reactive product of lipid peroxidation originating from the break-down of phospholipid-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids of cellular membranes. Despite its biological relevance, this aldehyde is only occasionally determined due to the complexity of previously described procedures. Here we present a simple and very sensitive method for the detection of HNE in biological samples. The method is based on the measurement of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) of the aldehyde by electrochemical detection after separation by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The greater sensitivity of this procedure as compared to the ultraviolet detection method commonly employed to measure DNPH derivatives of aldehydes after HPLC will allow the detection of HNE below the pmol level. The detection of HNE is highly reproducible even in normal tissues and cells. Increased amounts of HNE were detected in the livers of animals intoxicated with prooxidant agents such as carbon tetrachloride, bromotrichloromethane or bromobenzene. An exponential increase in HNE (and in malondialdehyde) was measured in peroxidizing liver microsomes (in the NADPH/Fe-dependent system). The method is also suitable for the study of very small samples, since HNE could be detected in approximately 1 million cultured cells (polyoma virus-transformed baby hamster kidney fibroblasts); the level rose after exposure of the cells to a Fe3+/ADP prooxidant system.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università di Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goldring
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Casini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maellaro
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Del Bello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comporti
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001969:Bromobenzenes / Q000633:toxicity; D001975:Bromotrichloromethane / Q000633:toxicity; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004563:Electrochemistry; D007668:Kidney; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D001969:Bromobenzenes; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; C032036:bromobenzene; D001975:Bromotrichloromethane; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal