title: Glucose repression of lactose/galactose metabolism in Kluyveromyces lactis is determined by the concentration of the transcriptional activator LAC9 (K1GAL4) [corrected].
abstract: In the budding yeast Kluyveromyces lactis glucose repression of genes involved in lactose and galactose metabolism is primarily mediated by LAC9 (or K1GAL4) the homologue of the well-known Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional activator GAL4. Phenotypic difference in glucose repression existing between natural strains are due to differences in the LAC9 gene (Breunig, 1989, Mol.Gen.Genet. 261, 422-427). Comparison between the LAC9 alleles of repressible and non-repressible strains revealed that the phenotype is a result of differences in LAC9 gene expression. A two-basepair alteration in the LAC9 promoter region produces a promoter-down effect resulting in slightly reduced LAC9 protein levels under all growth conditions tested. In glucose/galactose medium any change in LAC9 expression drastically affects expression of LAC9 controlled genes e.g. those encoding beta-galactosidase or galactokinase revealing a strong dependence of the kinetics of induction on the LAC9 concentration. We propose that in tightly repressible strains the activator concentration drops below a critical threshold that is required for induction to occur. A model is presented to explain how small differences in activator levels are amplified to produce big changes in expression levels of metabolic genes.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Mikrobiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zachariae
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuger
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Breunig
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C052130:GAL4 protein, S cerevisiae; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D005947:Glucose; D007785:Lactose; D005690:Galactose