title: Day and night variation in ambulatory blood pressure in type 1 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy and autonomic neuropathy.
abstract: The objective was to study ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability between day and night in patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus with different degrees of diabetic nephropathy, and to evaluate the influence of autonomic neuropathy and type of antihypertensive treatment. Twenty type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy and antihypertensive treatment were studied with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring using an oscillometric method. They were compared with eight insulin-treated diabetic patients with short duration of diabetes (1-5 years) and with 10 apparently healthy subjects. The degree of autonomic neuropathy was evaluated by measuring the RR-interval during deep breathing and uprising. The 24-h blood pressure was generally higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to those other two groups. These patients also had a lower ratio between day and night in diastolic blood pressure compared to the control subjects (1.15 +/- 0.12 vs. 1.25 +/- 0.76, P < 0.05) and heart rate compared to the diabetic patients without nephropathy, as well as the control subjects (1.15 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.26 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.27 +/- 0.08, P < 0.01, respectively). All patients with diabetic nephropathy had clinical signs of autonomic neuropathy as judged by RR-interval measurements during deep breathing and uprising.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Torffvit
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Agardh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis