title: Localization of intestinal interleukin 1 activity and protein and gene expression to lamina propria cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a key mediator of bowel inflammation, but there is limited knowledge about the amount and site of production of this cytokine in the gastrointestinal tract under physiological or pathological conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epithelial and lamina propria mononuclear cells were isolated from control, and Crohn's disease- and ulcerative colitis-involved mucosa to investigate the capacity of these cells to generate IL-1 bioactivity, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta immunoreactivity, and gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control lamina propria mononuclear cells produced substantial amounts of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, which increased dramatically when inflammatory bowel disease cells were used. Epithelial cells from control, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis intestine displayed no IL-1 bioactivity or immunoreactivity. Lamina propria mononuclear cells contained moderate to large quantities of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta messenger RNA (mRNA), respectively, whereas epithelial cells had none. The absence of IL-1 transcripts in epithelial cells was selective, because mRNA for HLA-DR antigens was present in control and inflammatory bowel disease cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In normal and inflamed human intestine there is a distinct compartmentalization of IL-1, as mononuclear but not epithelial cells generate this cytokine. The high levels of IL-1 in inflammatory bowel disease may explain several of its local and systemic manifestations, and blockade by specific antagonists could have important therapeutic effects.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Youngman
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cominelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rachmilewitz
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiocchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger