title: A method for third ventricular cannulation of small passerine birds.
abstract: This paper describes a method for chronically cannulating the third ventricle of the white-crowned sparrow, a small passerine bird, without damaging the midsagittal sinus. The method is reliable and chronic over at least 1 month. The technique was verified by assessing the effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) on inducing drinking behavior. All birds rapidly recovered from the surgery and tolerated repeated injections spaced over 1 month. Animals were injected with saline or 0.01, 0.5, 1.0, and 10.0 micrograms of ANG II, respectively. The intermediate dose of 1.0 microgram was maximally effective and caused a significant increase of water intake over the test hour. Lower and higher doses were less effective. This method for cannulating the third ventricle of small passerine birds should prove beneficial in future neurobiological applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boswell
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects*; D007032:Hypothalamus, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II