Prevalence of depressive symptoms among established Vietnamese refugees in the United States: detection in a primary care setting.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among Vietnamese refugees who have lived in the United States for at least two months.


METHODS
A prospective and descriptive study using the Vietnamese Depression Scale (VDS). Scores of > or = 13 on the VDS were considered indicative of depression.


METHODS
Ten public health clinics in four states.


METHODS
Four hundred seventy-six consecutive adult Vietnamese refugees presenting for primary care.


METHODS
The VDS, an 18-item culture-specific self-report measure, was used to screen for depressive symptoms.


RESULTS
Twenty percent of these patients had scores of 13 or above. Although being female; being older; being divorced, separated, or widowed; and being poorly educated were significant univariate risk factors for screening positive, only the latter two were significant in a multivariate model. Physical complaints were common and induced considerable anxiety about health status, but psychological and emotional symptoms were even more prevalent. Patients scoring 13 or higher had a higher rate of endorsement for every item in the scale than did those scoring lower than 13.


CONCLUSIONS
This study substantiates the feasibility and importance of screening for depressive symptoms among Vietnamese refugees, particularly in primary care settings where they are most likely to seek care for both medical and psychological problems.
Buchwald
D
D
Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle 98104.
Manson
S M
SM
Dinges
N G
NG
Keane
E M
EM
Kinzie
J D
JD
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003151:Community Health Centers; D003469:Culture; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012036:Refugees / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology