Lactobionic and gluconic acid complexes of FeII and FeIII; control of oxidation pathways by an organ transplantation preservant.
Lactobionic acid, [4-beta-(galactosido)-D-gluconic acid] = LBA, is the major component of the Wisconsin organ transplantation preservant fluid and may suppress oxygen radical-induced tissue damage upon reperfusion by the control of FeII autoxidation. FeII and FeIII complexes of LBA and the related gluconic acid (GLC) have been studied herein by titrimetric, infrared, and electrochemical methods (CV; DPP). FeII(GLC) forms quickly at pH 7, but FeII(LBA) reacts in two steps, the second requiring 4 hr. The initial complex lacks coordination of the LBA carboxylate (C-1) and is bound by the "2,3,5" hydroxyl groups. The slow rearrangement forms a "1,2,3,6" chelate which FeII(LBA) shares in common with the donor set of the FeIII(LBA) complex. Titration data shows the removal of three protons from LBA through pH 5 and an additional proton from pH 6 to 9 which is indicative of the [FeIII(LBA)(OH)(H2O)]- formulation with LBA donating at the "1,2,3,6" positions. The more stable, second form of FeII(LBA) has been investigated in its oxidation mechanisms with H2O2 and O2 using selected trapping agents for HO. and ferryl intermediates. Eighty-six percent of the oxidation events of FeII(LBA)/H2O2 occurs in steps involving formation and reduction of freely diffusible HO.. These pathways are altered by the known HO. traps t-butanol, dmso, ethanol, and methanol in the manner predictable for beta-oxidizing radicals (from t-butanol or dmso) and alpha-reducing radicals (from ethanol and methanol). Fourteen percent of the FeII(LBA)/H2O2 reaction occurs via FeIVO intermediates not trapped by t-butanol or dmso, but intercepted by primary and secondary alcohols. The HO. generating pathways are responsible for a competitive LBA ligand oxidation at the C-2 position via HO., formed from FeII(LBA) and H2O2 within the original reaction cage. Competitive ligand oxidation at C-2 is absent for the FeII(LBA)/O2 autoxidation, indicative of a different redox mechanism. The FeII(LBA)/O2 reaction rate is first-order in each component and is insensitive to the presence of t-butanol as an HO. trap. These observations support a ferryl intermediate in the autoxidation pathway and the absence of HO. or free H2O2 during autoxidation. Although chelation of FeII by hard ligand donors such as edta4-, Cl-, or HPO4(2-) accelerate the rate of autoxidation of FeII, chelation of carboxylate, alkoxy, and hydroxyl donors of LBA does not accelerate autoxidation. The implications of these findings, and the absence of an inner-sphere coordination role of the 4-beta-(galactosido) functionality toward the action of LBA in organ preservant fluids, are discussed.
Shepherd
R E
RE
Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.
Isaacson
Y
Y
Chensny
L
L
Zhang
S
S
Kortes
R
R
John
K
K
D000241:Adenosine; D000493:Allopurinol; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005942:Gluconates / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011887:Raffinose; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
D004187:Disaccharides; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005942:Gluconates; D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012996:Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; C005608:lactobionic acid; D007501:Iron; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose; C030691:gluconic acid