title: Cloning of the mouse agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiquitously expressed in mice carrying the lethal yellow mutation.
abstract: The mouse agouti gene controls the deposition of yellow and black pigment in developing hairs. Several dominant alleles, including lethal yellow (Ay), result in the exclusive production of yellow pigment and have pleiotropic effects that include obesity and increased tumor susceptibility. In an interspecific backcross, we established genetic limits for the agouti gene and found that the Ay and the lethal non-agouti (ax) allele were not separated from a previously identified probe at the breakpoint of the Is1GsO chromosomal rearrangement. Using the Is1GsO probe, we isolated the agouti gene, and find that it has the potential to code for a secreted protein expressed in hair follicles and the epidermis, and that the level of expression correlates with the synthesis of yellow pigment. In the Ay mutation, there is a chromosomal rearrangement that results in the production of a chimeric RNA expressed in nearly every tissue of the body. The 5' portion of this chimeric RNA contains highly expressed novel 5' sequences, but the 3' portion retains the protein-coding potential of the nonmutant allele. We speculate that dominant pleiotropic effects of Ay are caused by ectopic activation of a signaling pathway similar to that used during normal hair growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, California 94305-5428.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Duhl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vrieling
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cordes
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ollmann
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Winkes
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Barsh
mesh_terms: D054366:Agouti Signaling Protein; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003360:Cosmids; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D005804:Genes, Lethal; D006200:Hair Color / Q000235:genetics*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D054366:Agouti Signaling Protein; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011506:Proteins; D004247:DNA