title: [Differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans retinoic acid].
abstract: We treated 70 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with daily oral 45 mg/m2 all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in 2 multi-institutional prospective studies. Of 63 evaluable patients, 21 were resistant to initial induction chemotherapy, 10 were resistant to salvage chemotherapy after relapse, 17 were in the first relapse, 4 in the second relapse, 4 in the third relapse, and 7 were previously untreated. In the first study with ATRA from China, 18 (82%) of 22 evaluable patients achieved CR within 8 to 53 days with a median of 29 days. Initial peripheral leukemia cell counts were significantly less in the CR cases (p < 0.01). They were less than 100/cmm in 17 of 18 CR cases, and more than 200/cmm in all failure cases. Patients achieving CR received standard consolidation and maintenance chemotherapies, and the 16-month predicted continuing CR rate is 60%. Based on the first study, in the second study with ATRA from Hoffmann-La Roche AG, if initial peripheral leukemia cell counts were more than 200/cmm, chemotherapy was first given and then ATRA was started. Of 41 evaluable patients, 36 (88%) achieved CR within 11 to 91 days with a median of 34 days. Of 3 patients who received preceding chemotherapy due to high leukemia cell counts, 2 achieved CR. Morphological evidence of differentiation was noted in all CR cases, with Auer rods in mature segmented neutrophils in 13 cases. The clinical signs of DIC decreased rapidly within a few days and disappeared in CR cases. Toxicities attributable to ATRA were minimal and included cheilitis, xerosis, dermatitis, gastrointestinal disorders, bone pain, liver damage and high serum triglyceridemia.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Branch Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014212:Tretinoin; D003630:Daunorubicin