title: Black spots on the scalps of schoolchildren. A recurrent condition in the windy west.
abstract: During the past 10 years, epidemics of black spots on the scalps of schoolchildren have caused considerable concern in at least 4 communities in the Rocky Mountain states. We describe the clinical presentation of "black spots" in a group of Wyoming elementary school students and the epidemiologic investigation that revealed the cause. Our study included a questionnaire survey of students' parents, examination of students at the affected school and at two other schools, observation of playground activity patterns, and laboratory analysis of specimens taken from affected children and from the school environment. The black material in the scalp spots was chemically identical to flakes of black material found on the playground and tar from the school roof. We concluded that the spots were caused by flakes of windblown tar from the school roof. Previous outbreaks of black spots may have had a similar cause.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Etzel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hudson
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010373:Lice Infestations / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009508:Nevus, Pigmented / Q000473:pathology; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012008:Recurrence; D012536:Scalp Dermatoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013638:Tars / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D014010:Tinea Versicolor / Q000473:pathology; D014919:Wind; D014959:Wyoming / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D013638:Tars