title: Changes in photon dose distributions due to breast prostheses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subcutaneous prosthetic implants had been routinely used for cosmetic augmentation and for tissue replacement following mastectomy over the last 15 years. The implants come in many forms as the gel filler material and surrounding shell material(s) vary significantly.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study uses a thin window parallel-plate chamber and thermoluminescent dosimeters to quantify and dosimetric changes to surrounding breast tissue due to the presence of the prosthesis. A mammographic phantom was compared to four commercial prostheses, namely two silicon gel fillers within two different shells (silicon or silicon/polyurethane), a tri-glyceride within silicon and a bio-oncotic gel within silicon/polyurethane. The latter two implants were designed with a low-Z fill for diagnostic imaging benefits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ion chamber results indicate no significant alteration of depth doses away from the implant with only minor canceling (parallel opposed) interface perturbations for all implants. In addition the physical changes to the irradiated prostheses were quantified by tonometry testing and qualified by color change. Each implant exhibited color change following 50 Gy, and the bio-oncotic gel became significantly less formable following irradiation, and even less formable 6 weeks postirradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicates that prostheses do not affect the photon beam distribution, but radiation does affect the prostheses.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, MO 63110.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kuske
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008961:Models, Structural; D011140:Polyurethanes; D011205:Povidone; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012828:Silicones; D014280:Triglycerides
chemical_list: D011140:Polyurethanes; D012828:Silicones; D014280:Triglycerides; D011205:Povidone