title: Why do most primary bladder neoplasms first appear around the ureteric orifices?
abstract: The majority of primary bladder neoplasms are known to arise within the mucosa around the ureteric orifices and bladder base. This may be due to the mucosa in this area being more susceptible to carcinogens than other areas of the bladder. Deficiency in the nucleotide salvage pathway enzyme thymidine kinase (TK), and especially its TK1 isozyme, has been shown to predispose cell lines to increased mutagenesis. Total TK and TK1 activities were measured in mucosal samples taken adjacent to the ureteric orifices and dome in 32 normal bladders and both total TK and TK1 were shown to be significantly decreased in the mucosa adjacent to the ureteric orifices. This may explain why primary bladder neoplasms occur more commonly in this site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Belfast City Hospital.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: McKelvey
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Biggart
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: McKenna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000032:analysis*; D014513:Ureter / Q000201:enzymology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000201:enzymology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D013937:Thymidine Kinase