title: Psychological stress-induced accelerated colonic transit in rats involves hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brain corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is involved in stress-induced accelerated colonic transit. Brain sites of action of CRF to stimulate colonic transit were investigated in conscious fed rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral guide cannulae were chronically implanted into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) or central amygdala for peptide microinjection and a catheter into the proximal colon to measure colonic transit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRF (0.6 nmol/rat) injected into the PVN reduced colonic transit time by 84% and stimulated fecal pellet output 20-fold, whereas CRF injected into sites outside of the PVN or the central amygdala had no effect. CRF stimulatory action was prevented by chlorisondamine, and atropine methyl nitrate but not by bretylium. The stress of avoiding water by standing on a small cube reduced colonic transit time by 75% and increased fecal output by 7-fold. Bilateral microinjection of CRF antagonist, alpha-helical-CRF, into the PVN abolished the colonic response to stress. The CRF antagonist had no effect on basal colonic transit time in nonstressed rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological stress-induced stimulation of colonic motor function in fed rats involves CRF pathways in the PVN.
authors.affiliation: Center for Ulcer Research and Education, Veteran's Affairs Wadsworth Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mönnikes
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taché
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone