title: Glycopyrronium prolongs topical anaesthesia of oral mucosa and enhances absorption of lignocaine.
abstract: We have studied the effect of glycopyrronium on the anaesthetic action and absorption of topical lignocaine in 10 healthy, non-smoking volunteers. Lignocaine 100 mg was sprayed on the oral mucosa 15 min after random administration of glycopyrronium 4 micrograms kg-1 or normal saline i.v. Glycopyrronium decreased the mean analgesia score from 2 to 0.1 (2 = baseline; 0 = anaesthesia) at 4 min compared with a change from 2 to 0.5 after normal saline (P < 0.05). All scores returned to baseline by 40 min and 20 min in the glycopyrronium and control groups, respectively. The mean (SD) peak plasma lignocaine concentration was 0.57 (0.29) microgram ml-1 after glycopyrronium and 0.31 (0.10) microgram ml-1 after saline (P < 0.05) and were attained in 17 min (range 10-40 min) and 29 min (range 8-40 min), respectively. Pretreatment with glycopyrronium enhanced absorption and prolonged the analgesic action of topically administered lignocaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Randell
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D005260:Female; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D006024:Glycopyrrolate