title: Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.
abstract: Lysis is common and its causes are mainly constitutional. Most of slipping has already occurred when the patient comes for consultation. A further progress is often caused by disc pathology. Neurological deficits are rare. A high-degree olisthesis and L4 location are risk factors for future back pain. Asymptomatic lysis with or without olisthesis should not be treated. A posterolateral fusion in situ without instrumentation gives good results in adolescents and young adults, whereas old patients benefit from instrumentation. Reduction cannot be recommended as a routine method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saraste
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013169:Spondylolysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*