title: A nuclear factor for interleukin-6 expression (NF-IL6) and the glucocorticoid receptor synergistically activate transcription of the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene via direct protein-protein interaction.
abstract: The acute-phase reaction is accompanied by an increase in a variety of serum proteins, named acute-phase proteins. The synthesis of these proteins is synergistically controlled by glucocorticoids and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Recently, we have cloned nuclear factor-IL-6 (NF-IL6), a transcription factor that activates the IL-6 gene, and have demonstrated its involvement in the expression of acute-phase-protein genes. We report here an analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoid act synergistically to activate expression of the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) gene. We found that NF-IL6 and ligand-activated rat glucocorticoid receptor acted synergistically to transactivate the AGP gene and that maximal transcriptional activation of the AGP gene required expression of both intact NF-IL6 and rat glucocorticoid receptor. Surprisingly, however, transcriptional synergism was still observed even when one of the two factors lacked either its DNA-binding or transcriptional-activation function. We present evidence for a direct protein-protein interaction between these two distinct transcription factors and propose that this may be responsible for the synergistic activation of the rat AGP gene.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isshiki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akira
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D015534:Trans-Activators