title: Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis attenuates alteration in spinal cord evoked potentials and edema formation after trauma to the spinal cord: an experimental study in the rat.
abstract: The potential efficacy of indomethacin (a potent inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis) on spinal cord-evoked potentials and edema formation occurring after a focal trauma to the spinal cord was examined in a rat model. The spinal cord evoked potentials were recorded in urethane-anesthetized male rats using monopolar electrodes placed epidurally over the T9 (rostral) and T12 (caudal) segments after stimulation of the ipsilateral right tibial and sural nerves. Reference electrodes were placed in the corresponding paravertebral muscles. The spinal cord evoked potential consisted of a small positive peak followed by a broad and high negative peak. Amplitudes and latencies of the maximal positive peak and the maximal negative peak were measured. The latencies and amplitudes 30 min before injury were used as references (100%). A complete loss was denoted as 0%. All the potentials were quite stable during 30 min of recording before injury. Infliction of trauma to the T10-T11 segments of the spinal cord with a sterile scalpel blade (about 5 mm longitudinal and 2 mm deep incision into the right dorsal horn extending to Rexed's laminae VII) in untreated animals resulted in an immediate depression of the rostral maximal negative peak amplitude (60-100%) which persisted during 5 h of recording. The latencies of the rostral as well as caudal maximal negative and positive peaks increased successively from 2 h post-trauma. In this group of animals, 5 h after injury the spinal cord water content in the traumatized segments was increased by more than 6% as compared with a group of uninjured animals. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg body weight i.p. 30 min before injury) markedly attenuated the immediate decrease in the maximal negative peak amplitude after injury, but did not influence the successive latency increase. However, the increase in the water content of the traumatized cord after 5 h was less pronounced compared with untreated injured rats. Our results show a beneficial effect of indomethacin on trauma-induced spinal cord evoked potential changes and edema formation. Prostaglandins may thus influence early bioelectrical changes occurring in traumatized spinal cord not reported earlier. The findings support the view that early recording of spinal cord evoked potential may be useful to predict the outcome in some forms of spinal cord injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stålberg
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Olsson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004487:Edema / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007796:Laminectomy; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D007213:Indomethacin