Diagnostic issues in self-mutilation.
OBJECTIVE
Pathological self-mutilation--the deliberate alteration or destruction of body tissue without conscious suicidal intent--was examined both as a symptom of mental disorders and as a distinct syndrome.


METHODS
Data from more than 250 articles and books were reviewed, as well as data obtained by the authors from their extensive clinical experience in treating self-mutilating patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The diverse behaviors that constitute pathological self-mutilation can be categorized into three basic types: major--infrequent acts that result in significant tissue damage, usually associated with psychoses and acute intoxications; stereotypic--fixed, rhythmic behavior seemingly devoid of symbolism, commonly associated with mental retardation; and superficial or moderate--behavior such as skin cutting, burning, and scratching associated with a variety of mental disorders. The authors propose that a syndrome of repetitive superficial or moderate self-mutilation should be regarded as an axis I impulse disorder. In most cases, the syndrome coexists with character pathology.
Favazza
A R
AR
University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine.
Rosenthal
R J
RJ
D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D012652:Self Mutilation / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology