title: Effects of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol on rumen bacteria in the utilization of long-chain fatty acids and cellulose.
abstract: Addition of safflower oil to a growth medium depressed the growth of mixed rumen bacteria above 200 mg/L and did not significantly increase bacteria, even at lower concentrations. However, when 10 mg/L of beta-carotene were added to 50 to 100 mg/L of safflower oil, bacterial growth was significantly increased. When more than 200 mg/L of safflower oil were present, beta-carotene markedly restored the growth capacity. alpha-Tocopherol was more effective than beta-carotene, although it inhibited growth at high concentrations. The combination of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol (each 5 mg/L) exerted partially additive effects. beta-Carotene plus alpha-tocopherol enhanced bacterial cell yield in the presence of safflower oil, caprate, stearate, or linoleate, suggesting that beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol increase the utilization of fatty acids. beta-Carotene plus alpha-tocopherol also stimulated cellulose digestion in the presence of 100 mg/L of safflower oil, evidently through the increased growth of cellulolytic bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohgi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019207:beta Carotene
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005227:Fatty Acids; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; D012450:Safflower Oil; D002482:Cellulose