title: Traffic noise as a risk factor for myocardial infarction.
abstract: The hypothesis that road traffic noise causes ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was tested in several epidemiological studies in middle-aged men. The studies carried out in Caerphilly (Wales) and Bristol-Speedwell (England) suggested the daytime (6-22 h) outdoor traffic noise level category 65-70 dB(A) as a threshold for noise effects detectable. Based on risk factors, a relative risk greater than 1 was calculated for the incidence of major IHD (RR = 1.1) in both samples for the subjects in this highest noise category, those in the quietest (51-56 dB(A)) serving as a reference using multiple models. Also the prevalence of myocardial infarction (RR = 1.2 and 1.1), ECG ischaemia (RR = 1.2 and 1.4) and any IHD disease (RR = 1.2 and 1.2) showed relative risks slightly greater than 1 in this noise group. In contradiction, the observed incidence of major IHD showed relative risks below 1 in both samples in this traffic noise group. The case-control studies carried out in Berlin revealed relative risks above 1 on the incidence (RR = 1.3 and 1.2) and the prevalence (RR = 1.2) of myocardial infarction at outdoor traffic noise levels in the range of 71-80 dB(A) serving the men in the category below 61 dB(A) as a reference. None of the findings was statistically significant. The relevance of the results is discussed.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Babisch
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Elwood
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ising
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kruppa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001604:Berlin / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009624:Noise, Transportation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology