title: Caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric lower limb surgery.
abstract: One hundred children aged 1 to 15 years were randomly allocated to two equal groups. All underwent cold orthopedic surgery to the lower limb, of more than 1 hour's duration with a standard anesthetic technique. One group received caudal bupivacaine 0.25%, 0.7 mL/kg, and one group acted as controls. There were no cases of fecal incontinence in the theater complex but urinary incontinence in the immediate recovery phase increased from 14% in the control group to 34% in the caudal group (P < .05). The caudal block had a duration of effect lasting 5 to 6 hours, and provided better recovery room analgesia (P < .01). The advantages for the child are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Lady Michaelis Orthopaedic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch Medical School, Plumstead, South Africa.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wade
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D001835:Body Weight; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009985:Orthopedics; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002045:Bupivacaine