title: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in survivors of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death without inducible arrhythmias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy in survivors of sudden cardiac death in whom no ventricular arrhythmias can be induced with programmed electrical stimulation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Survivors of sudden cardiac death in whom ventricular arrhythmias cannot be induced with programmed electrical stimulation remain at risk for recurrence of serious arrhythmias. Optimal protection to prevent sudden death in these patients is uncertain. This study compares survival in the subset of survivors of sudden cardiac death with that of patients treated with or without an ICD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed on 194 consecutive survivors of primary sudden death who had < or = 6 beats of ventricular tachycardia induced with programmed electrical stimulation with at least three extrastimuli. Ninety-nine patients received an ICD and 95 did not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the two groups in presenting rhythm, number of prior myocardial infarctions or use of antiarrhythmic agents. Patients treated with an ICD were younger (55 +/- 16 vs. 59 +/- 11 years, p = 0.03) and had a lesser incidence of coronary artery disease (48% vs. 63%, p = 0.04) and a lower ejection fraction (0.43 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.18, p = 0.04). There were no significant differences between the groups in the use of revascularization procedures or antiarrhythmic agents after the sudden cardiac death. Patients treated with an ICD had an improvement in sudden cardiac death-free survival (p = 0.04) but the overall survival rate did not differ from that of the patients not so treated (p = 0.91). A multivariate regression analysis that adjusted for the observed differences between the groups did not alter these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survivors of sudden cardiac death in whom no arrhythmias could be induced with programmed electrical stimulation remained at risk for arrhythmia recurrence. Although the proportion of deaths attributed to arrhythmias was lower in the patients treated with an ICD, this therapy did not significantly improve overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kudenchuk
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Liem
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Broudy
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: McAnulty
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology