title: Relaxation training and psychoimmunological status of bereaved spouses. A pilot study.
abstract: The death of a family member is one of the most stressful and disruptive life events. Although the literature abounds with subjective pieces concerning bereavement, little is known about the complex biological processes that follow in its wake. However, there is a growing body of evidence that psychological distress may compromise immunocompetence and that support strategies may enhance immune function. Our exploratory study examined the influence of relaxation training on the immunological and psychological status (including anxiety and depression) of bereaved spouses. Nine female spouses, all survivors of patients who died from cancer, were recruited from two hospice programs to participate in this relaxation-training program. Standardized psychological instruments and immunological assays were completed at three data-collection points: before the initiation of the relaxation training (approximately 6 weeks after the death of the spouse); at the conclusion of the training; and 4 weeks after the relaxation training. The subjects received a 1-h relaxation-training program weekly for 4 weeks. It included progressive muscle relaxation training and guided imagery supervised by a psychiatric nurse clinical specialist. The results indicated that the relaxation-training program was well-received by the subjects, with promising psychoimmunological trends that merit more rigorous investigation. This exploratory study has demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a relaxation-training intervention for bereaved spouses and has laid the foundation for continuing research to study the physiological and psychological responses of the bereaved.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia 19104-6096.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Houldin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCorkle
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lowery
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001601:Bereavement; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011598:Psychoneuroimmunology; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D012944:Social Support