title: Transvaginal versus laparoscopic gamete intrafallopian transfer: a case-controlled retrospective comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare pregnancy rates (PRs) obtained by transvaginal ultrasound (US)-guided GIFT with PRs from conventional laparoscopy-based GIFT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large, private assisted conception service.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive cycles of transvaginal GIFT, each matched with three cycles of laparoscopic GIFT on the basis of patient age, number of previous unsuccessful attempts at GIFT, number of eggs transferred, and total number of eggs obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Probability of clinical pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PR from transvaginal GIFT was 20.0% (95% confidence limits 13% to 27%), compared with a PR from laparoscopic GIFT of 35.0% (23% to 50%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transvaginal GIFT with present techniques seems to be less effective than laparoscopic GIFT, but it can be considered as a practical alternative to ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination and to peritoneal ovum-sperm transfer.
authors.affiliation: Sydney IVF, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015181:Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000628:therapy; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014621:Vagina