title: Self-reinforcement scores of psychiatric inpatients and normal controls.
abstract: Heiby's 1982 self-reinforcement questionnaire (a measure of the ability to reward oneself selectively for constructive behaviors or efforts and to nurture a positive self-image by means of a supportive internal speech) was administered to 12 normal controls (psychiatric nurses), 11 paranoid schizophrenic patients (DSM-III--R), 8 bipolar patients currently manic (DSM-III--R), and 12 inpatients treated for substance abuse (DSM-III--R). No significant mean differences were found on analysis of variance. The means of the groups of psychiatric inpatients and of normal persons are comparable to means of other samples of normals, e.g., college students or factory workers, reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: St. Thomas Psychiatric Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: Z Z
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Cernovsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation