title: The diagnostic puzzle and management challenge of Raynaud's syndrome.
abstract: Raynaud's syndrome manifests as a progressive color change of the fingers in response to cold, vibration or stress; the digits first turn white, then blue and finally red. The condition is called Raynaud's disease when it is a benign, primary condition. When it is secondary to another disease, such as lupus, scleroderma or atherosclerosis, it is termed Raynaud's phenomenon. Laboratory tests, i.e., complete blood count, chemistry screen, antinuclear antibody, lupus erythematous test and rheumatoid factor, should be used to seek underlying diseases before the symptoms are manifest. Other tests should be selected as indicated by the history and physical. There are many adjustments in lifestyle and working conditions that the patient can use to minimize the symptoms of Raynaud's syndrome. The primary care provider has an important role in teaching patients to protect their hands from the effects of cold, stress, nicotine and vibration. Adaptive devices and protective clothing minimize the symptoms of Raynaud's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Montefiore Medical Center, New York City.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy