title: Effects of R-PIA, a selective A1 adenosine agonist, on haemodynamics and ischaemic arrhythmias in pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adenosine has previously been shown to protect against ischaemia induced ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to determine whether stimulation of A1 adenosine receptors with a selective agonist also protects against arrhythmias, and to attempt to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large White/Welsh Landrace cross breed domestic pigs (25-40 kg) subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion were used. R-PIA [R(-)N6-(2-phenylisopropyl) adenosine; 5 micrograms.kg-1] was given prior to coronary artery occlusion and the effects on haemodynamic variables and early ischaemic arrhythmias in the absence and presence of right atrial pacing were studied. The three experimental groups were: solvent controls, n = 10; R-PIA without pacing, n = 10; R-PIA with atrial pacing, n = 10. Ex vivo assessment of platelet aggregation was also performed to determine any inhibitory effects of R-PIA on platelets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of R-PIA without atrial pacing reduced the total number of ventricular ectopic beats induced by coronary occlusion, from 326(SEM 71) in controls to 121(30) (p < 0.05) and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation from 70% to 20% (p < 0.05). At the dose used, R-PIA reduced heart rate from 102(7) to 74(3) beats.min-1, with a consequent reduction in mean arterial blood pressure from 95(4) to 81(3) mm Hg. Atrial pacing following drug administration, at a rate of 109(5) beats.min-1, restored blood pressure and abolished the antiarrhythmic effects of R-PIA. Drug intervention had no effect on either ex-vivo platelet aggregation or coronary sinus oxygen content, suggesting a lack of activity at A2 adenosine receptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An A1 adenosine receptor agonist exerts a marked protection against ischaemia induced ventricular arrhythmias and fibrillation in pigs. The reversal of this effect by restoring heart rate suggests that the drug induced bradycardia may be important in the antiarrhythmic action of R-PIA, possibly via an anti-ischaemic effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Parratt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D010660:Phenylisopropyladenosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D010660:Phenylisopropyladenosine