title: Regulation of acute phase response after cardiopulmonary bypass by immunomodulation.
abstract: The object of this prospective, randomized trial was to study the dysregulation effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on the synthesis pattern of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6, which have been identified as the key mediators of acute phase response. In addition, the counterregulation achieved by administration of indomethacin, which blocks the downregulating mediator prostaglandin E2, or indomethacin combined with thymopentin, which enhances T-lymphocytic reactivity, was investigated. Sixty patients who had undergone open heart operations were included in the study. These patients were divided into three groups: group A (n = 20) received both indomethacin and thymopentin, and group C (n = 20) served as control. In control patients interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor synthesis were suppressed postoperatively. This effect was significantly counteracted by indomethacin with no further improvement by adding thymopentin. Interleukin-6 synthesis increased in all groups. Although indomethacin treatment alone had little effect on this phenomenon, additional administration of thymopentin significantly reduced elevated interleukin-6 synthesis. Corresponding differences in clinical outcome could not be detected due to small patient numbers. This study was, however, able to demonstrate that an immunomodulatory therapy can influence alterations in immune mechanisms after cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markewitz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faist
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hültner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichart
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016305:Thymopentin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016305:Thymopentin; D007213:Indomethacin