title: Synergistic antitumor activity of cisplatin and interleukin 1 in sensitive and resistant solid tumors.
abstract: The antitumor activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cP) and human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) was studied in RIF-1 and SC VII solid tumor models and in a cP-resistant subline of RIF-1 designated RIF-R1cP. In RIF-1 tumors, clonogenic cell survival after cP plus IL-1 alpha combinations was highly schedule and IL-1 alpha dose dependent. More than additive clonogenic cell kill was seen when cP was given 6 h before, but not 8 h before or at 2-6 h after IL-1 alpha. Time course studies indicated that maximal clonogenic cell killing was achieved within 4-6 h after the cP plus IL-1 alpha combination, with little or no recovery for up to 24 h. In vivo dose-response studies indicated that cP plus IL-1 alpha combinations induced more clonogenic cell kill than cP alone in all three tumor models, and analysis by the median effect principle indicated highly synergistic antitumor activity. Dexamethasone but not indomethacin inhibited the synergistic interaction. IL-1 alpha had no effect on the cytotoxicity of cP in SCC VII cells in vitro, and neither in vitro hypoxia nor in vivo ischemia, induced by clamping tumor blood supply, significantly affected cP clonogenic cell killing. Increased clonogenic cell killing was seen, however, after removal of the clamp, implicating reperfusion events, such as oxyradical stress, as a potential mechanism for increased cP cytotoxicity in SCC VII solid tumors. The data from our model systems provide a rationale for additional work to define the mechanisms of the synergistic antitumor activity of the cP plus IL-1 alpha combination and indicate that IL-1 alpha might be a useful adjunct to increase the clinical efficacy of cP-containing strategies for both sensitive and cP-resistant cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Braunschweiger
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Basrur
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Markoe
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Houdek
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Schwade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002945:Cisplatin