title: Benign biliary strictures. Surgery or endoscopy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the results of surgery and endoscopy for benign biliary strictures in one institution, over the same period of time and with the same outcome definitions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Surgery is considered the treatment of choice, offering more than 80% long-term success. Endoscopic stenting has been reported to yield similar results and might be a useful alternative.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this nonrandomized retrospective study, 101 patients with benign biliary strictures were included. Thirty-five patients were treated surgically and 66 by endoscopic stenting. Patient characteristics, initial trauma, previous repairs, and level of obstruction were comparable in both groups. Surgical therapy consisted of constructing a biliary-digestive anastomosis in normal ductal tissue. Endoscopic therapy consisted of placement of endoprostheses, with trimonthly elective exchange for a 1-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean length of follow-up was 50 +/- 3.8 and 42 +/- 4.2 months for surgery and endoscopy, respectively. Early complications occurred more frequently in the surgically treated group (p < 0.03). Late complications during therapy, occurred only in the endoscopically treated group. In 46 patients, the endoprostheses were eventually removed. Recurrent stricturing occurred in 17% in both surgical and endoscopic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery and endoscopy for benign biliary strictures have similar long-term success rates. Indications for surgery are complete transections, failed previous repairs, and failures of endoscopic therapy. All other patients are candidates for endoscopic stenting as the initial treatment.
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Davids
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tanka
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rauws
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: van Gulik
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Verbeek
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huibregtse
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: van der Heyde
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Tytgat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome