title: Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy pain reduction by local bupivacaine infiltration in children.
abstract: Experimental data in humans and animals suggest that during surgery, pain impulses enter the CNS creating a hyperexcitable state in spite of general anesthesia. In a prospective double blind study, pain levels in 22 children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy under general anesthesia were compared from day of surgery to Day 10. Patients received pre-incisional infiltration with either bupivacaine (A) or saline (B). Subjective pain was assessed by visual analog scale, and objective pain by deglutition time (100 ml). Subjective constant pain was less (P < 0.05) in group (A) on Day 1: 16 (A) vs. 59 (B) and Day 5: 4 (A) vs. 45 (B). We conclude that local nerve blockade by bupivacaine reduces short- and long-term pain in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the presence of general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jebeles
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kissin
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013997:Time Factors; D014068:Tonsillectomy
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002045:Bupivacaine