title: Ischemia tolerance of free-muscle flaps: an NMR-spectroscopic study in the rat.
abstract: The ischemia tolerance of free-muscle flaps was investigated in the rat by orthotopic and syngeneic transplantation of muscle flaps measuring 4 x 2.5 cm. The effects of ischemia with a maximal duration of 7 hours on the raised flaps and of anoxia caused by occlusion of the flap vessels were studied for the first time using 31P-spectroscopy. Energy metabolism was found to recover fast after 3 hours of ischemia, whereas a duration of 4 hours led to severe, only slowly reversible changes. Longer periods of ischemia resulted in a complete loss of energy reserves (PCr) and weaker ATP signal. The complete absence of ATP and a pH value under 6 indicated irreversible muscular damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stiller
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000601:surgery; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000601:surgery; D005958:Glucosephosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015424:Reperfusion; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000379:methods*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005958:Glucosephosphates; D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate