title: The development and application of a carotenoid database for fruits, vegetables, and selected multicomponent foods.
abstract: A carotenoid database for individual and multicomponent foods has been compiled that contains values for the five most common carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein) in 2,458 fruits, vegetables, and multicomponent foods containing fruits and vegetables. The database was used to estimate intakes of specific carotenoids for 19- to 50-year-old women (n = 1,102), using food consumption data obtained from dietary recalls in the US Department of Agriculture Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, 1986. The major contributors of alpha-carotene were carrots consumed as a single food or as an ingredient in multicomponent foods. Carrots, cantaloupe, and broccoli were the main sources of beta-carotene. Orange juices and blends, oranges, and tangerines were important contributors of beta-cryptoxanthin. Tomatoes and tomato products consumed as single foods or as ingredients in multicomponent foods provided most of the dietary lycopene. Contributors of lutein + zeaxanthin included collard, mustard, or turnip greens; spinach; and broccoli. The per capita consumption of total carotenoids (the sum of the five specific carotenoids) among these women was approximately 6 mg/day.
authors.affiliation: Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, MD 20705.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chug-Ahuja
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mangels
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Beecher
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lanza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D000077276:Lycopene; D008875:Middle Aged; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene
chemical_list: D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; C041635:alpha-carotene; D000077276:Lycopene; D014975:Lutein