title: Relationship between varicocele size and response to varicocelectomy.
abstract: We studied the relationship between varicocele size and response to surgery in 86 men with a unilateral left varicocele who reported either infertility (83), pain (1) or pain and testicular atrophy (2). Varicoceles were graded according to size: grade 1--small (22 patients), grade 2--medium (44) and grade 3--large (20). Sperm count, per cent motility, per cent tapered forms and fertility index (sperm count times per cent motility) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperatively, men with grade 3 varicocele had lower sperm counts and poorer fertility indexes compared to men with grades 1 and 2 varicocele. Sperm concentration improved significantly in men with grade 2 (33 +/- 5 million per cc preoperatively to 41 +/- 6 million postoperatively, p < 0.04) and grade 3 (18 +/- 5 million preoperatively to 32 +/- 7 million postoperatively) varicocele after microsurgical ligation of the varicocele. Motility improved significantly in men with grade 3 varicocele. Decrease in per cent tapered forms was significant in all groups. A comparison of per cent change in fertility index among the groups revealed that men with grade 3 varicocele improved to a greater degree (128%) than men with grade 1 (27%) or grade 2 (21%) varicocele. Pregnancy rates 2 years postoperatively were 40% for grade 1, 46% for grade 2 and 37% for grade 3 varicocele patients. The difference in pregnancy rates among the groups was not statistically significant. In conclusion, infertile men with a large varicocele have poorer preoperative semen quality but repair of the large varicocele in those men results in greater improvement than repair of a small or medium sized varicocele.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Foundation, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steckel
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dicker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*