title: Urgent paralysis and intubation of trauma patients: is it safe?
abstract: Physicians, fearful of an increase in the incidence of intubation mishaps (IMs) and pulmonary complications (PUCs), have been reluctant to use paralysis and intubation (PI) outside the OR. This study examines the correlations between PI, IM, and PUC. Since 1987, we have used PI when complex injury or combative behavior warranted. From January through December 1989, 851 patients meeting major trauma triage guidelines were evaluated. The medical records of 231 patients (27%) who underwent PI within 8 hours of admission were reviewed; 27 patients were eliminated because of incomplete records. The indications for PI were emergency surgery (131), airway control (30), combativeness (24), and hyperventilation (19). The location was the OR (121), ED (82), other (1). Presence or absence of IM was documented in 198 of 204 charts: Twenty-four IMs (12%) occurred--14 multiple attempts, seven aspirations, three esophageal intubations. Frequency of IM was not statistically related to PI location (Fisher's exact test), AIS, or ISS. In 194 of 204 patients who survived at least 24 hours, there were 15 PUCs (8%): eight pneumonia, five persistent infiltrates, two severe atelectases. No deaths were related to IM or PUC. There was no statistical relationship between IM and PUC (Fisher's exact test). However, patients with PUCs had a significantly higher AIS-chest score (2.9 +/- 1.7 vs. 0.9 +/- 1.5) (p < 0.0005, Student's t test) and ISS (27.3 +/- 9.6 vs. 14.5 +/- 10.8) (p < 0.0005, Student's t test). In our hands, PI is associated with low morbidity, no mortality, and can be safely used to facilitate injury management or to control combative behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rotondo
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McGonigal
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kauder
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D004630:Emergencies; D006801:Humans; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000628:therapy; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000139:chemically induced; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents