title: Acrylamide; induction of DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations and cell transformation without gene mutations.
abstract: The genotoxic potential of acrylamide monomer (AA), a compound familiar as a raw material of polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel, was extensively investigated in vitro. The results were clear cut: AA did not induce any gene mutations in Salmonella/microsome test systems (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537), Escherichia coli/microsome assay (WP2 uvrA-) up to a dose of 50 mg AA/plate, or in HPRT-locus in Chinese hamster V79H3 cells (AA, 1-7 mM, 24 h treatment). On the other hand, AA showed a strong positive response: (a) in a Bacillus subtilis spore-rec assay (DNA damage) at 10-50 mg/disc, (b) to a chromosomal structural change test (AA, 2-5 mM, 24 h treatment), (c) to a polyploidy test (AA, 1-5 mM, 24 h treatment) in Chinese hamster V79H3 cells, (d) to a cell transformation assay in mouse BALB/c3T3 cells (AA, 1-2 mM, 72 h treatment). Sister chromatid exchange was also weakly but significantly induced by AA (AA, 1-2.5 mM, 24 h treatment) in Chinese hamster V79H3 cells. Carcinogenic potential of AA was reported in mice and rats several years ago. AA thus seems to be a typical clastogenic rodent carcinogen without any gene mutation potential. Furthermore, this experiment showed for the first time positive response of AA to a microbial test system (B. subtilis spore-rec assay).
authors.affiliation: Life Science Research Laboratory, Japan Tobacco Inc., Kanagawa.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Taketomi
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inui
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide; D000178:Acrylamides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D006224:Cricetinae; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D011003:Ploidies; D051381:Rats; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D020106:Acrylamide