title: A 6-month home usage trial of a 1% chlorhexidine toothpaste (1). Effects on plaque, gingivitis, calculus and toothstaining.
abstract: Research and development has been aimed towards the development of toothpastes for oral hygiene and gingival health benefits. The most effective antiplaque agent to date, chlorhexidine, is difficult to formulate into active toothpaste products. Despite some encouraging findings for experimental chlorhexidine toothpastes, there are to date no commercially available products. Based on positive findings from an experimental gingivitis study, this investigation evaluated 2 chlorhexidine toothpastes, one with fluoride, as adjuncts to oral hygiene. The study was a double-blind controlled, parallel, balanced group design, extending over 6 months. A total of 297 volunteers commenced the study after screening for a minimum acceptance level of gingivitis. At baseline, 6, 12 and 24 weeks, stain, gingival, bleeding and plaque indices were recorded, together with a calculus index at 6, 12 and 24 weeks. After a baseline prophylaxis, volunteers used the allocated product 2 x per day, with no other oral hygiene instructions given. Plaque, gingival and bleeding scores improved in all 3 groups, but to an overall significantly greater extent in the active groups. However, staining and calculus indices were significantly increased in the active compared to the control group. If the local side-effects of chlorhexidine are considered to be acceptable, these chlorhexidine toothpastes could be recommended for the same clinical applications as other chlorhexidine products. The apparent compatibility of fluoride with chlorhexidine in the one product may be pertinent to caries prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012646:Self Administration; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014100:Toothpastes
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D014100:Toothpastes; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D002710:Chlorhexidine