title: Magnetic activator device II (MAD II) for correction of Class II, division 1 malocclusions.
abstract: A magnetically active, two-piece (upper and lower), functional orthopedic appliance has been developed, magnetic activator device (MAD) for the correction of Class II malocclusions. The magnetic forces are used to give freedom of mandibular movement and to allow for continuous functioning of the orofacial muscles when the appliance is worn. Samarium cobalt (Sm2Co17) magnets are incorporated on the buccal aspects of the upper and lower appliances. Magnetic forces ranging from 150 to 600 gm per side have been used on patients, and it seems that the skeletal versus dental response depends on the intensity of the magnetic force used. A force of 300 gm, when the magnets are in contact, on each side has been found to be an appropriate value in patients age 7 to 12 years. The use of this less bulky design rather than a traditional orthopedic appliance, along with the freedom of function it permits, has enabled patients to wear the appliance nearly 24 hours in most cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, University of Geneva Dental School, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Darendeliler
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Joho
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012493:Samarium
chemical_list: D012493:Samarium