title: The nociceptive flexion reflex as a tool for exploring pain control systems in headache and other pain syndromes.
abstract: The authors review the neural pathways mediating nociceptive flexion reflexes, the method for analyzing these reflexes in human beings, and available data on their modulation by supraspinal, opioid as well as serotonergic systems. They present results of studies of the biceps femoris flexion reflex (RIII) in pain syndromes and various types of headache. Nociceptive flexor reflexes appear to be interesting for studying the pathophysiology of head pain mechanisms and possibly for evaluating analgesic treatment.
authors.affiliation: University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Headache, University of Pavia, C. Mondino Foundation, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandrini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arrigo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bono
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nappi
mesh_terms: D004723:Endorphins / Q000502:physiology; D006261:Headache / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004723:Endorphins; D012701:Serotonin