title: The effect of subjective and physiological arousal on dishabituation of salivation.
abstract: We have previously shown that salivation to the same food habituates, and recovers after presenting novel nontaste stimuli. This study assessed the effects of environmental stimuli that differentially influence subjective and autonomic arousal on dishabituation of salivation. Thirty female subjects were preloaded on a lemon yogurt milkshake and habituated to seven presentations of lemon juice. Prior to the eighth presentation of juice, subjects were presented an engaging video game designed to produce subjective but no autonomic arousal (LO), a video game plus mental arithmetic stressor, designed to produce both subjective and physiological arousal (HI), or a no stimuli (REST) control. Significant dishabituating effects of HI versus REST were shown for salivation. Heart rate was significantly higher during the dishabituator for HI than LO or REST conditions, which were equal. Finally, significant differences in arousal were shown between each of the three conditions. These results show salivation can be differentially dishabituated by nonfood stimuli, and these stimuli influence salivation without influencing subjective hunger or hedonics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2593.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Caggiula
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology; D012472:Salivation / Q000502:physiology*; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology; D012931:Social Environment; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology