title: The regulation of oxidative drug metabolism by growth hormone in the dwarf goat: differences from and similarities to the mechanisms in rats.
abstract: The effects of bovine GH (BST), administered in different dose patterns, on in-vivo oxidative drug metabolism, were studied in female dwarf goats. Animals received recombinantly derived methionyl BST at a dose of 500 micrograms/kg body weight per 24 h for 6 days. It was administered to one group of goats as one s.c. injection per day, another group received a similar 24-h dose divided into three s.c. injections given at 8-h intervals, and the third group received 50 micrograms BST/kg body weight every 2.5 h by a pulsative i.v. infusion. Oxidative metabolic capacity was assessed by determining plasma sulphadimidine (SDD) elimination and urinary metabolite excretion. SDD shows a marked sex-dependent plasma elimination in dwarf goats, with male goats having a lower plasma clearance than female goats. When BST was given by daily injection, no clear effects on SDD plasma clearance or urinary metabolite excretion were observed. However, when the total dose was divided into three injections given at 8-h intervals, the plasma SDD elimination rate decreased. This was associated with a decrease in urinary excretion of the two main hydroxy SDD metabolites. When BST was given by discontinuous i.v. infusion, simulating the male endogenous plasma GH pattern, a marked decrease in SDD plasma clearance was observed. In addition, the excretion of the two urinary hydroxy metabolites was considerably reduced. These results suggest that GH can affect drug oxidation in dwarf goats via mechanisms similar to those suggested for rats. However, in the dwarf goat, the sex differences in drug metabolism are opposite to those in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Witkamp
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nijmeijer
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Van Duin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noordhoek
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Van Miert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000378:metabolism*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D013418:Sulfamethazine; D013006:Growth Hormone