title: Carotid plaque associations among hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and carotid plaque.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypertensive patients were screened for randomization into the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study, a trial intended to determine if blood pressure control by isradipine as compared with hydrochlorothiazide will blunt the progression of carotid plaque (intima plus media thickness, 1.3 to 3.5 mm) in patients with serum cholesterol levels of less than 6.85 mmol/L (265 mg/dL) without insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or estrogen therapy. Demographics of those who underwent B-mode ultrasound evaluations at common, bifurcation, and internal carotid artery sites to detect plaque were assessed from a southern and a northern site.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were from ambulatory outpatient clinics associated with medical schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  The initial screening included 1823 hypertensive volunteer patients who were between 40 and 83 years of age who had a diastolic pressure of 90 to 114 mm Hg (or < 90 mm Hg with treatment).
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete data were collected on the variables of age, cholesterol, cigarette smoking, race, gender, and the presence of carotid plaque in 1126 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All variables were significantly associated with carotid plaque (intima plus media thickness, > or = 1.3 mm). The adjusted percentage with plaque was 66.4% +/- 3.4% for blacks and 70.1% +/- 2.3% for whites at the southern site and 42.7% +/- 4.5% for blacks and 61.3% +/- 3.2% for whites at the northern site. The rate of plaque was 75.8% among cigarette smokers, despite a mildly elevated cholesterol level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these 1126 cases do not constitute a random sample of patients, these data suggest that there may be regional differences in racial tendencies toward plaque among blacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Prisant
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Zemel
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zemel
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sowers
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology*; D017275:Isradipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D017275:Isradipine