title: The fragile X syndrome: no evidence for any recent mutations.
abstract: Fragile X (fra(X)) syndrome, the most common form of familial mental retardation, is caused by heritable unstable DNA composed of CGG repeats. As reproductive fitness of fra(X) patients is severely compromised, a high mutation rate has been proposed to explain the high prevalence. However, we have been unable to show any new mutation for 84 probands referred to us to date. We show here the same fra(X) gene in five fra(X) probands with common ancestors married in 1747. The lack of new fra(X) mutations implies that there must be many more fra(X) gene carriers in the population than previously realised. As it is now possible to detect asymptomatic fra(X) gene carriers by DNA analysis, extended family studies for any new proband are recommended. A family illustrating the importance of fra(X) carriership determination is reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dreesen
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Die-Smulders
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spaans-van der Bijl
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Govaerts
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Oostra
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: van Oost
mesh_terms: D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers