title: Effect of oxygen and neostigmine on stillbirth and pig viability.
abstract: In this experiment, 98 multiparous Yorkshire sows blocked on farrowing date were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Oxygen inhalation (6 L/min) by the sow was tested in an effort to reduce stillbirth rate and improve pig viability. This study also tested the effect of increasing uterine contractions using neostigmine (5 mg) to determine whether simultaneous administration of oxygen to the sow could improve the inconsistent response of stillbirth rate to neostigmine. Pig viability was assessed using viability scoring and blood gas analysis of samples obtained from the suborbital sinus immediately after birth. The farrowings averaged 12.2 pigs/litter, 7.8% stillbirths, and 3.5% low viability (viability score < or = 6) pigs. Treatment had no effect on stillbirth rate or pig viability. Oxygen treatment increased pO2 (P = .0002), increased pCO2 (P = .02), and decreased pH (P = .02) in sow venous blood sampled after the birth of the last pig, but it had no effect on pig venous blood gases. Neostigmine treatment had no effect on either sow or pig venous blood gases. Oxygen treatment doubled the length of the first birth interval after the start of treatment (P = .003) but had no effect on remaining birth intervals. Neostigmine had no effect on birth interval. It is suggested that the effect of oxygen on birth interval is the reason for the lack of improvement in stillbirth rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zaleski
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Hacker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009388:Neostigmine; D010100:Oxygen