Germ-line transmission and expression of a human-derived yeast artificial chromosome.
Introduction of DNA fragments, hundreds of kilobases in size, into mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells would greatly advance the ability to manipulate the mouse genome. Mice generated from such modified cells would permit investigation of the function and expression of very large or crudely mapped genes. Large DNA molecules cloned into yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are stable and genetically manipulable within yeast, suggesting yeast-cell fusion as an ideal method for transferring large DNA segments into mammalian cells. Introduction of YACs into different cell types by this technique has been reported; however, the incorporation of yeast DNA along with the YAC has raised doubts as to whether ES cells, modified in this way, would be able to recolonize the mouse germ line. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of germ-line transmission and expression of a large human DNA fragment, introduced into ES cells by fusion with yeast spheroplasts. Proper development was not impaired by the cointegration of a large portion of the yeast genome with the YAC.
Jakobovits
A
A
Cell Genesys Inc., Foster City, California 94404.
Moore
A L
AL
Green
L L
LL
Vergara
G J
GJ
Maynard-Currie
C E
CE
Austin
H A
HA
Klapholz
S
S
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D013104:Spheroplasts / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D004247:DNA; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase