title: Interactive influence of a pharyngeal flap and an adenoid on maxillofacial growth in cleft lip and palate patients.
abstract: The aim was to evaluate whether a large adenoid, which aids velopharyngeal function, influences facial growth and if a pharyngeal flap reinforces the effect. Forty cleft palate patients were divided into two groups: adenoid and nonadenoid. Twenty of the patients had a pharyngeal flap operation. All the patients had three cephalograms taken at the same ages over a period of 5 years. At an average age of 4.7 years, i.e., one year before any pharyngoplasty, the mandibular inclination was larger in the adenoid group. This inferioposterior mandibular position was aggravated when a flap was added and with age. The present study suggests that the nasopharyngeal space, which is indicative of nasal airway patency, is influenced by a pharyngeal flap as well as an adenoid which, in turn, influences facial growth direction in the cleft palate population. Airway variables ought to be taken into consideration when the growth effect of cleft palate treatment is evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Henningsson
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000367:Age Factors; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000473:pathology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*