title: High clearance of (S)-warfarin in a warfarin-resistant subject.
abstract: A 30 year old black male required a 60 mg daily dose of warfarin to elicit a therapeutic anticoagulant response (normal warfarin dose 2.5-10 mg day-1; maximum 15 mg day-1). Hereditary warfarin resistance was suspected after compliance, diet, concurrent medication and any gastrointestinal disorder were eliminated as contributory causes. The disposition of vitamin K and vitamin K epoxide was examined in the propositus, his two sisters and 13 control black male subjects. Each subject was given an i.v. bolus dose (5 mg) of vitamin K prior to and after 2 weeks of warfarin therapy (5 mg day-1). The oral clearances of (S)- and (R)-warfarin were also measured in each subject during the last day of warfarin therapy. The mean (+/- s.d.) systemic clearance of vitamin K was similar in all subjects before (114 +/- 35 ml min-1) and after (112 +/- 40 ml min-1) warfarin therapy. The mean (+/- s.d.) AUC value for vitamin K epoxide was increased by warfarin treatment (6.5 +/- 5.4 micrograms ml-1 min before and 139 +/- 78 micrograms ml-1 min after) in all subjects. In the propositus, the oral clearance of (S)-warfarin (14.5 ml min-1) and the clearance ratio for (S)/(R)warfarin (2.6) differed by more than 7 standard deviations from the control group (4.3 +/- 1.1 ml min-1 and 1.2 +/- 0.2, respectively). In one sister of the propositus, the stereoselective disposition of warfarin was comparable with that of her brother ((S)-warfarin clearance = 16.2 ml min-1; and (S)/(R)-warfarin clearance ratio = 2.7).
authors: College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0082.
authors: H O
authors: HO
authors: Hallak
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Wedlund
authors: M W
authors: MW
authors: Modi
authors: I H
authors: IH
authors: Patel
authors: G L
authors: GL
authors: Lewis
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Woodruff
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Trowbridge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014812:Vitamin K; C016186:vitamin K1 oxide; D014859:Warfarin; D010837:Vitamin K 1