title: Effects of pentachlorophenol-contaminated food organisms on toxicity and bioaccumulation in the frog Xenopus laevis.
abstract: Sub-adult African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) were fed pentachlorophenol (PCP)-injected mealworms containing 64.8 to 2604 ug of PCP per gram of worm for 27 days. There was no mortality and no significant bioaccumulation of PCP in the frogs. After three weeks, frogs fed 2,604 micrograms/g of PCP ceased eating. The no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) based on significantly reduced food consumption (PCP-injected mealworms) was 638 micrograms/g. This corresponded to a NOAEL based on PCP intake of about 8 micrograms PCP/g frog/day. A toxicity threshold model estimated that about 800 micrograms/L of waterborne PCP may be a threshold for adverse effects in Xenopus or similar amphibians. Further study is needed to verify threshold estimates.
authors: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Corvallis, Oregon 97333.
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Schuytema
authors: A V
authors: AV
authors: Nebeker
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Peterson
authors: W L
authors: WL
authors: Griffis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D007313:Insecta; D007814:Larva; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D010416:Pentachlorophenol