title: Modulation of cytotoxicity and differentiation-inducing potential of arabinofuranosylcytosine in myeloid leukemia cells by hematopoietic cytokines.
abstract: Hematopoietic growth factors may be useful in improving the clinical effectiveness of arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C). In vitro studies have indicated that interleukin 3(IL-3) and, to a lesser extent, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), but not G-CSF or M-CSF, may be capable of specifically augmenting the ability of ara-C to kill leukemic myeloid cells by pharmacological and cytokinetic mechanisms including increase of intracellular ara-CTP/dCTP pool ratios and enhanced ara-C DNA incorporation in leukemic blast cells, decrease of IC 90 of ara-C for leukemic colony-forming cells (CFC) as compared with normal CFC growth, and recruitment of quiescent leukemic cells into the cell cycle. In contrast, the combination of ara-C with M-CSF or with the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) appears to be useful in overcoming the block in differentiation of leukemic blast, while the effects of GM-CSF and IL-3 on ara-C-induced differentiation appear limited. The combined treatment of human myeloid leukemia cells by ara-C and LIF is associated with down-regulation of c-myc gene expression, transcriptional activation of jun/fos gene expression, and features of functional differentiation (e.g., the capability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, to express lysozyme, or to display differentiation-related surface receptors including C3bi and the c-fms protein). On the basis of these in vitro studies first clinical trials are underway that are examining the efficacy of ara-C combinations with these molecules for the treatment of myeloid disorders.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Brach
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: Mertelsmann
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001085:Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines; D003561:Cytarabine; D001085:Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate