title: Randomized phase II trial of high-dose interleukin-2 either alone or in combination with interferon alfa-2b in advanced renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine better the activity of high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) either alone or in combination with interferon alfa-2b (IFN; Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, the IL-2 Working Group initiated a randomized phase II trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either IL-2 (Chiron Corp, Emeryville, CA) 1.33 mg/m2 (approximately 600,000 IU/kg) alone or IL-2 0.8 mg/m2 and IFN 3 x 10(6) U/m2 administered by bolus intravenous injection every 8 hours, days 1 to 5 and 15 to 19 (maximum, 28 doses). All patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 and normal organ function. After 28 patients were entered onto each arm, the IL-2/IFN arm was closed because of a failure to meet predetermined efficacy criteria. An additional 43 patients (total, 71) were assigned to receive IL-2 alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Toxicities were similar for both study arms. Hypotension requiring pressors was the most frequent dose-limiting toxicity. Only 11 of 99 patients experienced severe toxicity; there were no irreversible side effects or treatment-related deaths. Responses were seen in three of 28 patients (11%) on IL-2/IFN (three partial responses [PRs] lasting 14, 7, and 7 months) and 12 of 71 patients (17%) on IL-2 alone (four complete responses [CRs] and eight PRs). Six of the partial responders on IL-2 and two on IL-2/IFN experienced greater than 90% reduction in tumor mass. Ten of the 12 responders to IL-2 have ongoing responses of 12+ to 26+ months in duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that both IL-2 and IL-2/IFN therapy have activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In particular, therapy with high-dose IL-2 alone produces meaningful and durable responses with manageable and reversible toxicity. This study supports the contention that high-dose IL-2 represents the treatment of choice in selected patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.
authors: Division of Hematology/Oncology, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Atkins
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Sparano
authors: R I
authors: RI
authors: Fisher
authors: G R
authors: GR
authors: Weiss
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Margolin
authors: K I
authors: KI
authors: Fink
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Rubinstein
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Louie
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Mier
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gucalp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins