title: A new ultrasonographic method to detect disease activity and predict response to immunosuppressive treatment in Graves ophthalmopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the internal reflectivity of the eye muscles on A-mode ultrasonography serves as indicator for disease activity in Graves ophthalmopathy, thereby predicting response to immunosuppressive treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eye muscle reflectivity, expressed as percentage of the initial scleral spike, was measured in the superior, medial, and lateral recti, and normal values were determined in 23 healthy controls. These were compared with values in 16 consecutive patients with untreated, moderately severe Graves ophthalmopathy. The accuracy of the measurement was assessed by calculating the intra- and interobserver coefficient of repeatability. Baseline eye muscle reflectivity in the 16 patients was correlated to the therapeutic outcome 24 weeks after start of immunosuppressive therapy. The response to treatment served as indicator for pretreatment disease activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eye muscle reflectivity could be measured reliably, with an intraobserver coefficient of repeatability of 8.2% in controls and 10.2% in patients. Patients had lower reflectivity than controls (54.6 +/- 17.4% versus 70.7 +/- 6.6%; P < 0.001). Reflectivity in eye muscles with the lowest echogenicity was lower in responders than in nonresponders (25.8 +/- 8.4% versus 40.6 +/- 13.6%; P = 0.02). From the individual data, a cut-off value of 40% was derived, which appeared as an accurate predictor of outcome (positive predictive value 73%; 95% confidence interval 39%-94%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measuring eye muscle reflectivity in Graves ophthalmopathy appears to be a reliable new method to determine disease activity, with a promising accuracy in predicting therapeutic outcome of immunosuppressive treatment.
authors: Department of Endocrinology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: M F
authors: MF
authors: Prummel
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Suttorp-Schulten
authors: W M
authors: WM
authors: Wiersinga
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Verbeek
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Mourits
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Koornneef
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011241:Prednisone