title: Effects of lidocaine on intracellular Ca2+ and tension in airway smooth muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have demonstrated that lidocaine directly relaxes airway smooth muscle. The underlying mechanisms, especially in relation to Ca2+ mobilization, remain to be elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using front-surface fluorometry and fura-2-loaded porcine tracheal smooth muscle strips, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and isometric tension were simultaneously measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cases of 40 mM K(+)-induced contraction and 1 microM acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction, the cumulative application of lidocaine (10(-6) approximately 3 x 10(-3) M) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in [Ca2+]i and tension, and almost complete relaxation. To examine the effect of lidocaine on Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus, the [Ca2+]i-tension relationship was determined by changing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration during 40 mM K+ induced depolarization, with and without treatment with lidocaine. Although treatment with 1 mM lidocaine inhibited increases in both [Ca2+]i and tension induced by extracellular Ca2+, it had little effect on the [Ca2+]i-tension relationship. In the presence of 1 microM ACh, the [Ca2+]i-tension relationship shifted markedly to the left, thereby indicating an increase in Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus; this shift was inhibited by 1 mM lidocaine. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, 1 mM lidocaine inhibited the release of stored Ca2+ induced by 1 microM ACh, but not that by 20 mM caffeine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lidocaine directly relaxes airway smooth muscle by decreasing [Ca2+]i. In addition, lidocaine inhibits the ACh-induced increase of Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus, although it has little effect on Ca2+ sensitivity during high K+ depolarization. The decrease in [Ca2+]i is attributed to inhibition of the influx of extracellular Ca2+, as induced by high K+ depolarization and by ACh, and to the inhibition of the ACh-induced release of stored Ca2+.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Japan.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kai
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Nishimura
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kobayashi
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Takahashi
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Yoshitake
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kanaide
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D002118:Calcium