title: Clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis among sexually active men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of two groups of men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Subjects had a comprehensive sexual history and clinical examination plus cultures for Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Chlamydia trachomatis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 147 sexual partners of women with trichomoniasis and 300 subjects selected randomly from heterosexual men coming to the same clinic for evaluation of new problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolation of T. vaginalis was compared with urogenital signs and symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 33 of 147 (22% [95% CI, 16% to 29%]) among sexual contacts of women with trichomoniasis and 17 of 300 (6% [CI, 3% to 9%]) among heterosexual men attending the same clinic. Men with trichomoniasis alone were more likely to complain of urethral discharge (P < 0.01), to have discharge on examination (P < 0.03), and to have inflammatory cells in their urethral secretions (P < 0.01) than were men who did not have T. vaginalis, N. gonorrhoeae, or C. trachomatis. Trichomonas vaginalis remained associated with nongonococcal nonchlamydial urethritis (adjusted odds ratio 3.8; CI, 1.1 to 11.2) after adjustment for race, age, number of sex partners in the previous 6 months, exposure to a partner with trichomoniasis, and history of trichomoniasis, urethritis, or gonorrhea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trichomoniasis was common among men at risk for sexually transmitted diseases and was associated with symptoms and signs of urethritis.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, WA 98195.
authors: J N
authors: JN
authors: Krieger
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Jenny
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Verdon
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Siegel
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Springwater
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Critchlow
authors: K K
authors: KK
authors: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015231:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial / Q000150:complications; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis; D014526:Urethritis / Q000469:parasitology