title: Pharmacokinetic study of a tripeptide HIV-1 protease inhibitor, KNI-174, in rats after intravenous and intraduodenal administrations.
abstract: Recently, as a new type of anti-AIDS drug, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor, KNI-174, has been synthesized; it shows a potent and selective HIV-1 protease inhibitory activity in vitro. In this study, we developed an HPLC assay system for KNI-174 in rat plasma and examined the pharmacokinetics of KNI-174 in rats using this assay method after both intravenous (i.v.) and intraduodenal (i.d.) administrations to obtain the disposition characteristics and bioavailability of this new anti-AIDS drug. This HPLC assay method is specific to KNI-174 and the standard curve was linear from 0.02 to 30 micrograms ml-1 plasma. After i.v. administration, 10.0 mg kg-1, KNI-174 disappeared from the rats' plasma in a three-exponential decay. The mean terminal elimination half-life, t1/2 lambda z, was 3.97 +/- 0.19 (S.E.) h, the total body clearance, CLtot, was 9.53 +/- 1.08 ml min-1 and the distribution volume at steady state, Vd,ss, was 7070 +/- 960 ml kg-1. In the case of the i.d. administration, 10.0 mg kg-1, the mean peak plasma concentration, Cmax, and the peak time, tmax, were 0.196 +/- 0.076 micrograms ml-1 and 0.444 +/- 0.193 h, respectively. The bioavailability of KNI-174 till infinity, BA(0-infinity), was 5.37 per cent. Because the IC50 of KNI-174 against HIV-1 in PHA-PBM was 138 ng ml-1, the time needed for maintaining the concentrations above IC50 after a single i.d. administration of KNI-174 is estimated to be 0.350 +/- 0.184 h.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kiriyama
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Mimoto
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kiso
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Takada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001216:Asparagine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004386:Duodenum; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D053778:Thiazolidines
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D013844:Thiazoles; D053778:Thiazolidines; C081242:KNI 174; D001216:Asparagine