title: A force transducer and a length-ramp generator for mechanical investigations of frog-heart myocytes.
abstract: An apparatus for studying the mechanics of isolated frog heart myocytes is described. The cells are held horizontal in a through of Ringer solution by means of two suction micropipettes. Myocyte force is measured with an opto-electronic system recording the deflection of the tip of one micropipette, which acts as a cantilever force probe. The force probes are selected for compliance according to the force a myocyte is expected to develop in a given condition, so as to limit myocyte shortening during force development to no more than 1% of the slack cellular length (l0). The other micropipette, which is stiff relative to the forces measured, is mounted on an electromagnetic-loudspeaker motor by which controlled-velocity length changes, of preset size and in either direction, are imposed on myocytes. The force transducer has a sensitivity of 5-10 mV/nN, with a frequency response of 700-900 Hz in Ringer solution and a resolution of 0.5-1 nN. The motor with a suction micropipette can complete controlled-velocity length ramps within 1.5-2.0 ms, across a range of +/- 100 microns at a resolution of 8.0 nm. These values correspond, for frog-heart myocytes 200 microns and 400 microns long, to 25%-50% l0 and 0.002%-0.004% l0 respectively.
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Cecchi
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Colomo
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Poggesi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tesi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004548:Elasticity; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D011893:Rana esculenta; D014159:Transducers; D014783:Viscosity