title: Randomised comparison of routine versus highly selective use of Doppler ultrasound in low risk pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To help answer the question: should Doppler ultrasound of the umbilical circulation be made available to all pregnant women as part of their routine antenatal care?
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  St James's University Hospital, Leeds.
  
  
  METHODS
  2025 low risk primigravid women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obstetric intervention rates and short term neonatal morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of abnormal Doppler was low (1.7%) with complete absence of end diastolic flow in only 0.3% of cases. No significant differences could be demonstrated between control and study women in any of the outcomes measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study did not demonstrate any benefit or harm from Doppler ultrasound as a routine screening test for all low risk women, whereas our previous studies have suggested that it is useful in high risk pregnancies. Any marginal returns on extending access to Doppler ultrasound from high risk to all women must be small. Since this test has excellent performance characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) for the prediction of fetal hypoxia and acidosis our results call into question the cost to benefit ratio of all tests designed to predict these outcomes in low risk women.
authors: Department of Obstetrics, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Mason
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Lilford
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Porter
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Nelson
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Tyrell
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*