title: [Torsades de pointes: analysis of 105 episodes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze episodes of Torsades de Pointes (TP), in search of its electrocardiographic characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 105 episodes of TP, in 4 patients using quinidine and diuretics, recorded by 24-hour Holter monitoring. The following parameters were studied; ventricular repolarization out of TP, rhythm disturbances before TP; ECG characteristics of the onset, the bouts and the end of the TP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ventricular repolarization, out of the TP, was abnormal, with the presence of U-waves at the end of the T-waves, resulting in prolongation of the QT (QU) interval. The U-wave voltage was noted to be cycle-length dependent. Ventricular bigeminy preceded TP in 100 episodes (95%) and the mean interval between both parameters was 18 +/- 16 min. The onset of the TP episodes showed the "short/long/short cycle rule", hereby called "pre-pause cycle", "preparing cycle" and "trigger cycle" respectively. The rotatory QRS-T morphology around the baseline, was seen in 75% of episodes, at the beginning or throughout the bout. Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia pattern was seen in the other 25% of episodes. Termination of bouts was sudden in all cases, and persistent ventricular bigeminy led to another bout in 90 episodes (85%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In TP patients, there is enlargement of QT intervals mostly due to U-waves appearance. The U-waves seen in these cases, probably have an important role in the genesis of TP and are probably related to ventricular after-potentials (triggered activity). Ventricular bigeminy is a premonitory sign of TP in patients using class 1A antiarrhythmic drugs. Persistent ventricular bigeminy post-TP episodes is a strong indicator of another bout of TP. The onset of TP is more important than its morphology for the correct diagnosis of this arrhythmia.
authors: Hospital Procardíaco/Pró-Ritmo, Rio de Janeiro.
authors: I G
authors: IG
authors: Maia
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Sá
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Alves
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Ribeiro
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Fernandes
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Guarçoni
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bassan
authors: H F
authors: HF
authors: Dohmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000503:physiopathology*
vernacular_title: Torsades de pointes: análise de 105 episódios.