title: Multifocal effect of against-the-rule myopic astigmatism in pseudophakic eyes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implants we can sometimes obtain a certain degree of pseudoaccommodation. The use of a slight myopic astigmatism is proposed for postoperative refraction to achieve a significant increase in the depth of field and to reestablish a certain degree of pseudoaccommodation in pseudophakic eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one eyes with against-the-rule myopic astigmatism were evaluated in 50 patients who underwent IOL implant surgery. We selected patients with corrected monocular visual acuity greater than or equal to 20/30 and with a refraction ranging from +0.50 to -1.25 diopters sph, from -0.50 to -2.75 D cyl, ax from 55 degrees to 140 degrees.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity in 68% of eyes was 20/40 or better, while binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity in 84% of eyes was 20/40 or better and in 66% of eyes was 20/30 or better. Monocular uncorrected near visual acuity in 67% of eyes was J3 or better, while binocular uncorrected near visual acuity in 82% of eyes was J3 or better and in 68% was J2 or better. Sixty-four percent of patients never wear glasses for distance, while 34% use them occasionally and only 2% always wear them. Fifty-four percent of patients never wear glasses for near, 32% use them occasionally, while 14% always wear them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that with a low against-the-rule simple myopic astigmatism (about -1.50 D cyl x 90) we can often offer pseudophakic patients a rewarding independence from glasses both for distant and near vision.
authors: Opthalmic Microsurgery Center, Bologna, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Verzella
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Calossi
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D015349:Vision, Monocular; D014792:Visual Acuity