title: Acquired multicellular-mediated resistance to alkylating agents in cancer.
abstract: EMT-6 murine mammary tumor sublines highly resistant to cyclophosphamide, cis-diamminedichloro-platinum(II), or N,N',N"-triethylenethiophosphoramide were generated in vivo by sequential treatment of tumor-bearing mice with the respective drugs. Previous studies demonstrated the drug-resistant phenotypes of the sublines were not expressed in vitro when the cells were grown as monolayer cultures. We now show that expression of drug resistance--including patterns of cross-drug resistance observed in vivo--can be fully recapitulated in vitro when the cells are grown under in vivo-like, three-dimensional conditions--namely, as multicellular tumor spheroids. Moreover, the spheroids generated from all of the drug-resistant sublines manifested a much more compact structure. Immediate drug-sensitivity testing of single cells released by trypsin treatment from compact drug-resistant spheroids revealed that such cells lost much of their drug-resistant properties. The results suggest a possible mechanism of acquired drug resistance in tumors based on the response of a cell population (i.e., multicellular or tissue resistance) as opposed to classic (uni)cellular resistance mechanisms.
authors: Division of Cancer Research, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kobayashi
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Man
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Graham
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Kapitain
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Teicher
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Kerbel
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013852:Thiotepa / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D013852:Thiotepa; D002945:Cisplatin