title: Nicotinic receptors in the cerebellar vermis modulate the gain of the vestibulospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats.
abstract: 1. The possibility that the cholinergic afferent system terminating in the vermal cortex of the cerebellar anterior lobe acts on the target neurons by utilizing nicotinic receptors has been investigated in decerebrate cats by testing the effects of local microinjection of cholinergic nicotinic agonists and antagonists on posture as well as on the dynamic characteristics of the vestibulospinal (VS) reflexes. 2. Unilateral injection into the vermal cortex of the culmen of nicotine (0.25 microliter at the concentration of 0.05-0.5 microgram/microliter saline) decreased the extensor tonus in the ipsilateral forelimb, while the extensor tonus in the contralateral forelimb increased. The some agent significantly increased the gain of the first harmonic component of the EMG responses of the ipsilateral and more prominently also of the contralateral triceps brachii to animal tilt. However, the phase angle of the responses remained bilaterally unmodified. The effects described above were first observed 5-10 min after the injection, reached the peak after 40-60 min and persisted for at least 2-3 h before disappearing. 3. The effective area was located between the second and the fourth folium of the cerebellar vermis rostral to the fissura prima, at the laterality of 1.4-1.8 mm. This area, which upon cathodal stimulation suppressed the spontaneous EMG activity of the ipsilateral triceps brachii, actually corresponds to the zone B of the cerebellar cortex which exerts a direct inhibitory influence on the lateral vestibular nucleus. Moreover, the effects were dose-dependent. 4. Microinjection of nicotinic antagonists of both the ganglionic type (hexamethonium, 0.25 microliter at 4 micrograms/microliters saline) and the neuromuscular type (d-tubocurarine, 0.25 microliter at 7 micrograms/microliters saline) produced a postural asymmetry opposite in sign to that elicited by nicotine. The same agents also decreased the response gain of the triceps brachii of both sides to animal tilt recorded either under normal conditions or after previous injections of nicotine. 5. The experiments indicate that the cholinergic system is involved in the control of posture as well as in the gain regulation of the VS reflexes. Previous histochemical studies had shown that the cholinergic fibers terminate not only on Purkinje (P)-cells, but also and more prominently as mossy fibers ending on granular cells. This system may thus affect the discharge of P-cells and related inhibitory interneurons not only ipsilaterally but also contralaterally to the side of the injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors: Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Italy.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Andre
authors: P
authors: P
authors: D'Ascanio
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Manzoni
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Pompeiano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism*; D003655:Decerebrate State; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007758:Ear, Inner; D005552:Forelimb; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011187:Posture; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D009538:Nicotine