title: Sunlight and age-related macular degeneration. The Beaver Dam Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship of sunlight exposure with age-related maculopathy. This was investigated in the population-based Beaver Dam Eye Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional population-based study, questionnaire data about sunlight exposure were obtained. Stereoscopic color fundus photographs were graded to determine the presence of age-related maculopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  People aged 43 through 84 years who resided in Beaver Dam, Wis, between 1987 and 1988 were examined between 1988 and 1990.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Light exposure was not associated with early age-related maculopathy in women. In men, after adjusting for age, the amount of time spent outdoors in summer was associated with increased retinal pigment (odds ratio [OR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 2.04). Wearing eyeglasses was inversely associated with increased retinal pigment (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.97), and the use of hats and sunglasses was inversely associated with soft indistinct drusen (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.98). The amount of leisure time spent outdoors in summer was significantly associated with exudative macular degeneration (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.81) and late maculopathy (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.12 to 4.25). There were no associations between estimated ambient UV-B exposure and age-related maculopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that exposure to sunlight may be associated with age-related maculopathy. However, longitudinal studies of these associations are needed.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53705-2397.
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Cruickshanks
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Klein
authors: B E
authors: BE
authors: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000528:radiation effects; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology