title: Preoperative needle localization in the breast: utility of local anesthesia.
abstract: Eighty-nine consecutive patients undergoing needle localization at two facilities were alternately assigned to "local-anesthesia" (n = 46) and "no-local-anesthesia" (n = 43) groups. Those in the local-anesthesia group received 1-2 mL lidocaine hydrochloride 1% subcutaneously at the expected site of insertion of the localizing needle. All patients were asked to rate the level of pain they experienced from the procedure as a whole by using a 10-cm horizontal visual analog pain scale. Data about patient age, menopausal and menstrual status, average daily caffeine intake, and whether the patients considered mammography to be a painful procedure were collected. Patients who did not receive local anesthesia had a lower mean pain score (2.52) than those who did (3.27, P = .18). Premenopausal patients in the second half of their menstrual cycle at the time of the procedure had a significantly higher pain score than those in the first half (3.54 vs. 1.70, P = .05). Patients who considered mammography a painful procedure reported a higher level of pain than those who did not (3.79 vs 2.38, P = .012). There was no relationship between age, caffeine intake, or menopausal status and pain experienced.
authors: Department of Radiology, Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis 46202.
authors: H E
authors: HE
authors: Reynolds
authors: V P
authors: VP
authors: Jackson
authors: B S
authors: BS
authors: Musick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D010147:Pain Measurement