title: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia in labour: varying bolus dose and lockout interval.
abstract: This double-blind prospective study was designed to determine the best dose variables for patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and to compare bolus-only PCEA with continuous infusion epidural analgesia (CIEA) during the first stage of labour. Five groups of parturients self-administered 0.125% bupivacaine with 1:400,000 epinephrine and fentanyl 2.5 micrograms.ml-1 using PCA pumps programmed as follows: Group A, 2 ml bolus/10 min lockout interval (LI); Group B, 3 ml bolus/15 min LI; Group C, 4 ml bolus/20 min LI; Group D, 6 ml bolus/30 min LI; Group E, 8 ml.hr-1 continuous infusion. Hourly assessments included: VAS scores for pain and satisfaction, sensory and motor block, bupivacaine and fentanyl consumption. Blood samples were collected at birth for maternal and fetal fentanyl concentrations. Data from 68 patients showed no differences among groups in pain relief or maternal satisfaction. Most patients received excellent analgesia and those requiring extra epidural supplements were evenly distributed across groups. There was higher consumption of bupivacaine and fentanyl in Group E than in any of the other four groups: bupivacaine mg.hr-1, mean (SD), 9.4 (2.7) in Group E vs 5.2 (1.7) in Groups A-D inclusive (P < 0.0001); fentanyl microgram.hr-1, 19.6 (4.6) in group E vs 12.6 (7.5) in Groups A-D inclusive (P < 0.05). Motor block was minimal, whereas sensory levels were higher at the 3- and 4-hour assessments in Groups D and E than in all other groups (P < 0.05). Plasma fentanyl concentrations were < 0.5 ng.ml-1 in all samples and no sequelae from fentanyl were observed, apart from mild pruritus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors: Division of Obstetric Anaesthesia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Gambling
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Huber
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Berkowitz
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Howell
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Swenerton
authors: P L
authors: PL
authors: Ross
authors: C T
authors: CT
authors: Crochetière
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Pavy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D001034:Apgar Score; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine