title: Microinjection of L-lactate in the preretinal vitreous induces segmental vasodilation in the inner retina of miniature pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors investigated the hypothesis that the retinal vasomotor effect of acute hypoxia is mediated by lactate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinal vasomotor arteriolar response was measured in the intact eyes of miniature pigs after systemic administration and after local preretinal juxta-arteriolar microinjection of lactate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injection of L-lactate (physiologically produced lactate) into the systemic circulation decreased the arterial blood pH but did not dilate the retinal arterioles. By contrast, microinjections of L-lactate (0.5 mol/l, pH 2) into the juxta-arteriolar vitreous induced a reversible segmental vasodilation of 32 +/- 4% (standard deviation). This vasodilation did not depend on periarteriolar pH lowering because microinjections of a 0.5 mol/l L-lactate at neutral pH also dilated segmentally the retinal arterioles (37 +/- 5.5%). The effect of lactate was stereospecific because microinjections of the isomer D-lactate (0.5 mol/l, pH 2) did not affect the arteriolar caliber (P = 0.63). Perfusion of the eye with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, through cannulization of the sublingual artery, caused a generalized reversible arteriolar vasoconstriction of 51 +/- 9.8% but did not inhibit the segmental vasodilator effect of locally microinjected L-lactate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is known that acute hypoxia in the isolated retina causes an increase in lactate production. In the intact eye, there is a retinal vasodilation, which is not inhibited by indomethacin. Hence, it was concluded that retinal, but not blood, lactate is a possible mediator of the acute hypoxia-induced vasodilation.
authors: Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: P D
authors: PD
authors: Brazitikos
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Pournaras
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Munoz
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tsacopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007773:Lactates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008845:Microinjections; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010477:Perfusion; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000187:drug effects*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007213:Indomethacin