title: Fatal brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) envenomation despite the use of antivenom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report two cases of fatal brown snake envenomation in adults despite the use of appropriate antivenom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two men, aged 42 and 39, one with a history of hypertension, suffered fatal brown snake envenomation in Queensland. One believed he had been stung by a wasp. Both developed cardiorespiratory failure within one hour of the bite, followed by coagulopathy and pulmonary oedema. One patient developed fulminant multiorgan failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both patients died despite the administration of large doses of appropriate antivenom and full supportive care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brown snake bites remain extremely dangerous despite the availability of specific antivenom. In severe cases associated with myocardial depression and gross coagulopathy, death may occur rapidly despite the use of conventional doses of antivenom. In such patients the antivenom requirement may be much greater than is currently recommended.
authors: Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Henderson
authors: L N
authors: LN
authors: Baldwin
authors: C
authors: C
authors: May
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000628:therapy*; D012911:Snakes
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D004546:Elapid Venoms