A comparison of Type A behaviour pattern, hostility and Typus Melancholicus in Japanese and American students: effects of defensiveness.
A comparison of Type A behaviour pattern, hostility and Typus Melancholicus (TM) was examined in a sample of 228 Japanese and 121 American college students. It was found that: the Japanese students expressed Type A, especially hostility, less strongly than American ones; TM was seen to the same degree in both Japanese and American students; Type A was related to hostility and TM in both groups of students; and compared with American students, the Japanese students displayed the defensiveness more frequently, and there appeared to be a strong relationship between defensiveness and hostility. These results suggest the possibility that hostility, a component element of Type A, is manifested under the influence of defensiveness, which is partially related to a variety of different sociocultural contexts.
Fukunishi
I
I
Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Japan.
Nakagawa
T
T
Nakamura
H
H
Ogawa
J
J
Nakagawa
T
T
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014434:Type A Personality; D014481:United States