Magnification perimetry.
OBJECTIVE
The authors used a method of spatial scaling to quantify the eccentricity-related decline in differential light sensitivity as a function of visual field meridian and age.


METHODS
Differential light threshold at the fovea was measured in two groups of subjects of differing age (young mean age, 23.6 yr; standard deviation, 2.4 yr; elderly mean age, 69.6 yr; standard deviation, 6.2 yr) using a Goldmann size I stimulus moving across fixation at 1 degree/sec. With luminance kept constant, eccentricity thresholds for kinetic stimuli of increasing magnification were then measured. The results were analyzed in terms of the E2 value, which specifies the eccentricity at which the stimulus size must double to maintain performance equivalent to that at the fovea.


RESULTS
For the young subjects, eccentricity thresholds increased linearly with an increase in stimulus diameter for most meridians. E2 varied between 5-12 degrees, depending on the meridian, and showed the same meridional trend as that of retinal ganglion cell distribution, although the magnitudes of E2 were different. For the elderly subjects, the eccentricity thresholds increased in a nonlinear manner with the stimulus diameter.


CONCLUSIONS
Further factors, such as spatial summation, must also determine the eccentricity dependence of the differential light threshold because ganglion cell density decreases at a much faster rate than the differential light threshold. The most marked effects of age on differential light sensitivity occur at the fovea and beyond 20 degrees in the peripheral field, with a relative sparing in the pericentral area.
Latham
K
K
Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Whitaker
D
D
Wild
J M
JM
Elliott
D B
DB
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*