title: Reduced risk of ventricular fibrillation by balancing sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium added to nonionic contrast media. An investigation in the isolated rabbit heart.
abstract: The effect of addition of calcium, potassium and magnesium to iohexol (350 mg I/ml) enriched with 30 mM sodium was investigated with regard to ventricular fibrillation (VF) in isolated rabbit hearts. Enriching iohexol containing 30 mM sodium with increasing amounts of calcium (0-1.2 mM) caused an increase in the frequency of VF. Increasing amounts of potassium (0-3.8 mM) to iohexol with 30 mM Na + 0.15 mM Ca + 0.1 mM Mg reduced the risk of VF. However, this protective effect of potassium on VF was reduced if magnesium was removed from the test solution. Furthermore, increasing amounts of magnesium (0-1.2 mM) to iohexol with 30 mM Na + 0.15 mM Ca + 0.4 mM K led to an increased frequency of VF. Iohexol with 30 mM Na + 0.3 mM Ca + 0.9 mM K + 0.3 mM Mg caused no VF. It is of interest to add multiple cations to sodium-containing nonionic media to improve cardiac contractility following coronary perfusion. The present study indicates that it is possible to enrich iohexol 350 mg I/ml + 30 mM Na with calcium, potassium and magnesium in small amounts, and balanced with respect to each ion, without changing the risk of VF.
authors: Department of Experimental Research and Diagnostic Radiology, Malmö General Hospital, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Besjakov
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Bååth
authors: A N
authors: AN
authors: Oksendal
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Almén
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012964:Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D007472:Iohexol; D012964:Sodium; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium