Pediatric intensive care training: confronting the dark side.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the dark side of pediatric intensive care fellowship training and offer educational approaches for understanding feelings of fallibility, anger, frustration, and loss.


METHODS
Listening and observing fellows in the courses of their pediatric intensive care training and later careers.


METHODS
Studies that discussed pediatric residency and fellowship training, especially in the context of intensive care.


METHODS
From group meetings, unit conferences, rounds, individual discussions, and child psychiatric consultations.


RESULTS
Pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) fellows gain a sense of mastery from the nature of their work: complex, technological, and frequently lifesaving. They face the usual personal stresses of extended training, including long work hours, limited financial resources, and relative isolation from family and friends. Pediatric ICU fellows confront deeper, "dark" feelings regarding their own high expectations, fallibility, anger, sense of loss, frustration, limited control, and the need to work closely with tense, grieving families. If the dark side is not acknowledged, fellows, team members, and faculty are likely to experience anger, detachment, and depression that may extend beyond work into their personal lives.


CONCLUSIONS
Since the dark side is expected, normal, and inevitable, fellowship training programs should help fellows cope with and understand these feelings. Such understanding requires a sense of trust among intensive care staff and can be gained through group discussions, mentorship, specific team conferences, and child psychiatric consultation.
Jellinek
M S
MS
Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
Todres
I D
ID
Catlin
E A
EA
Cassem
E H
EH
Salzman
A
A
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000786:Anger; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships / Q000592:standards*; D006117:Grief; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D000078329:Workforce