title: Elevated plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in AIDS patients with refractory idiopathic diarrhoea. Effects of treatment with octreotide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in AIDS patients with refractory idiopathic diarrhoea, and to assess the role of treatment with octreotide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three AIDS patients were evaluated for severe watery diarrhoea of 2-6 months' duration, which was complicated by weight loss, weakness, and fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. They had not shown a significant response to several regimens of empirical antimicrobial chemotherapy, or symptomatic antidiarrhoeal treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A complete diagnostic examination, including repeated microbiological evaluation and radiological, ultrasonographic, endoscopic and histological examination, was performed. Plasma levels of VIP were determined by radioimmunoassay and compared with concentrations in a group of healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since no clinically significant results were obtained from standard diagnostic evaluation and empirical therapeutical attempts, idiopathic refractory diarrhoea was diagnosed. Plasma concentrations of VIP were moderately elevated in all three subjects examined, with levels of 11.5, 17.5 and 9.5 pmol/l (values < 8.8 pmol/l in the control group). One patient received 50-100 micrograms octreotide three times daily subcutaneously for 6 months, resulting in complete resolution of diarrhoea and significant improvement in body weight and quality of life, together with a reduction in VIP concentration to within normal values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the somatostatin analogue octreotide has been used successfully in the management of both infectious and non-infectious AIDS-related diarrhoea, gastrointestinal neuroendocrine function and circulating humoral mediators of diarrhoea have not hitherto been investigated extensively in HIV-infected subjects. Our data on the association of idiopathic secretory diarrhoea and elevated plasma VIP levels provide a possible pathophysiological rationale for identifying AIDS patients whose refractory diarrhoea may be more responsive to octreotide treatment.
authors: Istituto Malattie Infettive, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Manfredi
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Vezzadini
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Costigliola
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Ricchi
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Fanti
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Chiodo
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D000328:Adult; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D015282:Octreotide