title: Effects of coronary blood flow on myocardial grey level amplitude in two dimensional echocardiography: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims were: (1) to evaluate whether differences in absolute and cyclic echocardiographic image amplitude exist in different layers (subendocardium and subepicardium) and regions (septal, anterior, lateral, inferior wall) of the canine left ventricle; (2) to assess the dependence of these variables upon local variations of coronary blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  In six anaesthetised open chest dogs the circumflex coronary artery was cannulated and perfused by a roller pump with blood from their own femoral artery. Maximum coronary vasodilatation was obtained by continuous adenosine infusion. The absolute values and the transmural distribution of coronary blood flow were measured by radionuclide labelled microspheres. Echo images were obtained in short axis view by a commercially available electronic sector scanner with a 5.0 MHz transducer directly placed on the epicardial surface of the right ventricle, and digitised off-line into a matrix of 256 x 256 pixels with 25% grey level per pixel. The average grey level was calculated for each region of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 32 different conditions, circumflex flow ranged from 0.80 to 12.89 ml.min-1.g-1 and the endocardial/epicardial ratio of flow from 0.53 to 1.73. In the circumflex region (subjected to flow changes) segmental amplitude varied from 76(SD 20) (end diastole) to 56(18) (end systole), p < 0.001. In all regions, a consistent cyclic variation was found, ranging from 9(14) to 28(16)%. For all levels of flow, subendocardial and subepicardial regions showed similar values of both absolute amplitude and cyclic variation. No significant relationship was found between transmural distribution of blood flow and either segmental amplitude (r = 0.26) or cyclic variation (r = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) a consistent cyclic grey level variation is present in all regions of the canine left ventricle, but subendocardial and subepicardial layers show similar values of both absolute amplitude and cyclic variation; (2) in the absence of severe underperfusion and echocardiographically detectable dyssynergy, absolute amplitude and cyclic variation are totally unrelated to changes in coronary blood flow.
authors: CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Marini
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Ghelardini
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Picano
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Rovai
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lombardi
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Trivella
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Distante
authors: A
authors: A
authors: L'Abbate
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003971:Diastole; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006439:Hemodynamics; D013599:Systole