title: Replacement of germ-line epsilon promoter by gene targeting alters control of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching.
abstract: Recent work has shown that the ability of cytokines to direct immunoglobulin heavy chain class-switch recombination to particular heavy chain constant (C) region (CH) genes correlates with the induction of specific germ-line CH transcripts. To test the role of germ-line transcripts in class switching, we have used homologous recombination to mutate the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the 18.81A20 murine pre-B-cell line. In the parent cell line, the combination of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces germ-line epsilon locus transcription prior to class switching to epsilon. The heavy chain locus of the mutated cell line contains the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer and variable region gene promoter in place of the LPS/IL-4-responsive germ-line epsilon promoter. The mutant cell line constitutively transcribes the epsilon locus in the absence of IL-4. Strikingly, the mutant cell line also switches to epsilon in the absence of IL-4. This result demonstrates that, at least in the 18.81A20 cell line, germ-line epsilon transcription plays a direct role in class switching to the epsilon locus. In addition, the ability to change the pattern of class switching by altering transcriptional activity indicates that transcription of germ-line CH is mechanistically important in regulation of class switching.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Gorham
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: Li
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bottaro
authors: F W
authors: FW
authors: Alt
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Rothman
mesh_terms: D000011:Abelson murine leukemia virus / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002460:Cell Line; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D015342:DNA Probes; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics; D007139:Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D007139:Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D015847:Interleukin-4