title: Knowledge, attitudes, and personal practices regarding prevention and early detection of cancer.
abstract: METHODS
  To determine population knowledge, attitudes, and personal practices regarding prevention and early detection of cancer, random population samples of 25- to 74-year-old men and women in six various-sized communities in three upper-midwestern states (N = 4,915) were administered surveys and interviews during 1987-1989.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-fifths of respondents believed cancer to be preventable. Knowledge of warning signs/symptoms of cancer and of leading causes of cancer, however, was low. Over 95% of women had had a Papanicolaou smear and a clinical breast exam or had performed a breast self-exam; 65.7% of those ages 50-65 years had had a mammogram. Among men and women ages 50-65 years, 77% had had a digital rectal exam; 52.5%, a fecal occult blood test; and 48.3%, a sigmoidoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conditions are favorable for an increase in mammography, including favorable attitudes toward cancer prevention, strong consensus among policy-making organizations regarding guidelines for obtaining mammograms, and high levels of adherence to these recommendations by women who have had at least their first mammogram. Challenges now include acceptance of these guidelines by physicians, mammogram affordability/availability, and demonstration of efficacious, cost-effective, and reliable colorectal/prostate cancer screening tests.
authors: Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Bostick
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Sprafka
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Virnig
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Potter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D012737:Sex Factors; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000706:statistics & numerical data