title: Hypnosis: practical applications and theoretical considerations in normal labour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of hypnotherapy on the first and second stages of labour in a large group of pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A semi-prospective case control study in which women attending antenatal clinics were invited to undergo hypnotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-six primigravid women with 300 age matched controls, and 136 parous women having their second baby with 300 age matched controls. Only women who had spontaneous deliveries were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aberdare District Maternity Unit, Mid Glamorgan, Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six sessions of hypnotherapy given by a trained medical hypnotherapist during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analgesic requirements, duration of first and second stages of labour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean lengths of the first stage of labour in the primigravid women was 6.4 h after hypnosis and 9.3 h in the control group (P < 0.0001); the mean lengths of the second stage were 37 min and 50 min, respectively (P < 0.001). In the parous women the corresponding values were 5.3 h and 6.2 h (P < 0.01); and 24 and 22 min (ns). The use of analgesic agents was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in both hypnotised groups compared with their controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to demonstrating the benefits of hypnotherapy, the study gives some insight into the relative proportions of mechanical and psychological components involved in the longer duration of labour in primigravid women.
authors: M W
authors: MW
authors: Jenkins
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Pritchard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006991:Hypnosis, Anesthetic / Q000523:psychology*; D007747:Labor Stage, First / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology*; D007748:Labor Stage, Second / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology*; D008614:Meperidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D008614:Meperidine