title: Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on lymphokine-activated killer cell induction.
abstract: The treatment of cancer with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in conjunction with high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been limited by the toxicity of IL-2 and the narrow range of tumors that respond to therapy. Cytokines that are capable of augmenting lower doses of IL-2 are, therefore, a major focus of research. We report here that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can augment low-dose IL-2 LAK induction from murine splenocytes. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF alpha) or anti-interferon gamma (anti-IFN gamma) monoclonal antibodies did not inhibit (IL-2 + GM-CSF)-induced LAK generation, indicating that GM-CSF augmentation does not require TNF alpha or IFN gamma activity. Depletion of natural killer cells before culture did not inhibit low-dose IL-2-induced LAK generation or the ability of GM-CSF to augment LAK generation. In contrast, depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells before culture inhibited the generation of LAK activity. However, depletion of only CD4+ T cells, or only CD8+ T cells, did not inhibit the generation of IL-2 or (IL-2 + GM-CSF) LAK activity. These results suggest that LAK precursors are present in both the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations and suggest that the addition of GM-CSF to low-dose IL-2 may result in the generation of T-derived LAK cells.
authors: Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Stewart-Akers
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Cairns
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Tweardy
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor