title: Insulinemia in children at low and high risk of NIDDM.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fasting hyperinsulinemia in the presence of normoglycemia usually indicates insulin resistance and is characteristic of populations at high risk for developing NIDDM. Hyperinsulinemia predicts the development of impaired glucose tolerance and NIDDM in Pima Indians, a population with a high incidence of NIDDM. Insulin concentrations in population-based samples of children who have different risks of developing NIDDM later in life have not been reported previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared fasting insulin concentrations in two populations of nondiabetic children, 6-19 yr of age: Pima Indians from southern Arizona and Caucasians from Minnesota.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin concentration varied with age, sex, glucose concentration, and relative weight. Mean fasting insulin concentration was 140.3 pM in Pima Indian males, 94.4 pM in Caucasian males, 171.5 pM in Pima Indian females, and 107.1 pM in Caucasian females. For each sex, the mean fasting insulin concentration, controlled for age, glucose, and relative weight, was significantly higher in the Pima Indians than in the Caucasians (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a young age, Pima Indian children have higher fasting insulin concentrations than Caucasian children. As hyperinsulinemia predicts subsequent NIDDM, these data suggest that the susceptibility to NIDDM is manifest at a young age as fasting hyperinsulinemia.
authors: Diabetes and Arthritis Epidemiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona 85014.
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Pettitt
authors: P P
authors: PP
authors: Moll
authors: W C
authors: WC
authors: Knowler
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Mott
authors: R G
authors: RG
authors: Nelson
authors: M F
authors: MF
authors: Saad
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Bennett
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Kottke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood*; D007198:Indians, North American; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin