TODAM2: a model for the storage and retrieval of item, associative, and serial-order information.
This article presents an extended version of the convolution-correlation memory model TODAM (theory of distributed associative memory) that not only eliminates some of the inadequacies of previous versions but also provides a unified treatment of item, associative, and serial-order information. The chunking model extended the basic convolution-correlation formalism by using multiple convolutions, n-grams (multiple autoassociations of sums of item vectors), and chunks (sums of n-grams) to account for chunking and serial organization. TODAM2 extends the chunking model by including rn-grams (reduced n-grams), labels, and "lebals" (the involution or mirror image of a label) to provide a general model for episodic memory. For paired associates, it is assumed that subjects store only labeled n-grams and lebaled rn-grams. It is shown that the model is broadly consistent with a number of major empirical paired-associate and serial-order effects.
Murdock
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Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D012691:Serial Learning