title: Management of complex renal calculi.
abstract: The treatment of small renal pelvic and ureteric calculi can be performed with relative safety and efficacy using lithotripsy or an endourological method. There remains however, a proportion of stones that are resistant to these methods because of their anatomical position, physical composition or sheer size. To these stones must be applied a treatment strategy using the variety of techniques to their maximum advantage. This article aims to review the accumulated experience on the management of these more complex urinary calculi.
authors: Department of Urology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, England.
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Holmes
authors: H N
authors: HN
authors: Whitfield
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003553:Cystine / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D000069877:Struvite
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D003553:Cystine; D000069877:Struvite; D008274:Magnesium; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate