Assessment of hyperphosphatemia and hypophosphatemia.
Methodologic aspects including causes of factitious hyperphosphatemia and hypophosphatemia are summarized. The differential diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia is reviewed under its three broad causes: decreased glomerular filtration rate, increased exogenous or endogenous phosphate load, and increased renal tubular phosphate reabsorption. The differential diagnosis of hypophosphatemia is reviewed under its three broad causes: inadequate gastrointestinal input, excess phosphate losses, and transcellular shifts. The consequences of hyperphosphatemia and hypophosphatemia are outlined with a focus on pathophysiologic and clinicochemical sequelae. A laboratory perspective is emphasized in outlining management strategies.
Bourke
E
E
Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
Yanagawa
N
N
D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000652:urine
D010710:Phosphates