title: Aortic valve pressure gradients in patients with aortic valve stenosis: quantification with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pressure gradients across the aortic valve due to stenosis of the valve must be measured accurately to evaluate the functional severity of the stenosis. Velocity-encoded cine MR has been used to quantify blood flow and flow direction and, more recently, the regurgitant fraction in aortic regurgitation. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and accuracy of velocity-encoded cine MR for estimating pressure gradients across the aortic valve in patients with aortic stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used velocity-encoded cine MR to measure flow velocity and determine pressure gradients across the aortic valve in 19 subjects. The pressure gradient (delta P) was estimated from the simplified Bernoulli equation by using the maximum instantaneous aortic jet velocity (Vmax): delta P (mm Hg) = 4V2max (m/sec).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum and mean systolic pressure gradients determined by using velocity-encoded cine MR were 3-148 mm Hg and 2-87 mm Hg, respectively, for all subjects. The pressure gradients correlated closely with gradients determined by using established methods: Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Correlation coefficients (r) were .96 (y = 0.94x - 1.9) and .97 (y = 0.97x + 0.5), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that velocity-encoded cine MR imaging provides a noninvasive and accurate means for quantifying the severity of valvular aortic stenosis. MR is a feasible method for determining pressure gradients across the aortic valve.
authors: Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Eichenberger
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Jenni
authors: G K
authors: GK
authors: von Schulthess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016477:Artifacts; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure