title: A Rorschach study of narcissism, defense, and aggression in borderline, narcissistic, and cluster C personality disorders.
abstract: We examined the differences between narcissism, mode of defense, and level of aggression on the Rorschach. We also investigated differences in borderline, narcissistic, and Cluster C personality disorders by examining responses to Rorschach content variables. The Lerner Defense Scale (P. Lerner & H. Lerner, 1980), the aggressive content section of the Holt (1977) method for assessing primary process manifestations, a modified version of Exner's (1986a) Egocentricity Index, Wagner's (1965) exhibitionistic M score, and grandiosity were scored on the Rorschach protocols of 17 borderline, 17 narcissistic, and 17 Cluster C personality disorders. Borderlines were found to employ primitive defensive structures to a greater degree and severity, show more intense and overall aggression as well as more responses on the three forms of aggression in the Holt method, and have higher levels of grandiosity. Narcissists evinced significantly higher levels of egocentricity than borderlines and higher levels of idealization than the Cluster C group. Convergent validity was found on the measures of defense and aggression, which showed a strong relationship between primitive aggression and primitive defense.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-0900.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Hilsenroth
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Hibbard
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Nash
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Handler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009289:Narcissism; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012392:Rorschach Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*