title: Immediate reconstruction of complex cranioorbital fractures in children.
abstract: Six principles of craniofacial surgery were applied to the treatment of 7 consecutive pediatric patients who sustained complex cranioorbital fractures. These principles are (1) accurate assessment of the deformity, (2) early reconstruction, (3) complete exposure of the involved craniofacial skeleton, (4) accurate anatomical reduction of the fracture fragments, (5) use of rigid internal fixation, and (6) autogenous cranial bone grafting. Patient follow-up ranged from 6 to 52 months; evaluation included serial photographs, three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging, and cephalometric analysis. Application of these 6 craniofacial surgical principles provided definitive management in one operation, with optimal anatomical and functional reconstruction, and resulted in no detectable impairment to subsequent craniofacial growth.
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Denny
authors: M W
authors: MW
authors: Rosenberg
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Larson
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011859:Radiography; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome