title: The reconstruction and expression of a Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIIA gene in protoplasts and potato plants.
abstract: A Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) cryIIIA delta-endotoxin gene was designed for optimal expression in plants. The modified cry gene has the codon usage pattern of an average dicot gene and does not contain AT-rich nucleotide sequences typical of native B.t. cry genes. We assembled the 1.8 kb cryIIIA gene in nine blocks of three oligonucleotide pairs. For two DNA blocks, the polymerase chain reaction was used to enrich for correctly ligated pairs. We compared modified cryIIIA gene with native gene expression by electroporation of dicot (carrot) and monocot (corn) protoplasts. CryIIIA-specific RNA and protein was detected in carrot and corn protoplasts only after electroporation with the rebuilt gene. Transgenic potato lines were generated containing the redesigned cryIIIA gene under the transcriptional control of a chimeric CaMV 35S/mannopine synthetase (Mac) promoter. Out of 63 transgenic potato lines, 58 controlled first-instar Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae in bioassays. Egg masses which produced ca. 250,000 CPB larvae were placed on replicate clones of 56 transgenic potatoes. No CPB larvae developed past the second instar on any of these plants. Plants expressing high levels of delta-endotoxin were identified by their toxicity to more resistant third-instar larvae. We show there was good correlation between insect control and the levels of delta-endotoxin RNA and protein.
authors: Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Adang
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Brody
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Cardineau
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Eagan
authors: R T
authors: RT
authors: Roush
authors: C K
authors: CK
authors: Shewmaker
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Jones
authors: J V
authors: JV
authors: Oakes
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: McBride
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics*; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004731:Endotoxins; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005091:Exons; D005813:Genes, Synthetic; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis