Nonrheumatic conditions in children including infectious diseases and syndromes.
Often, a child is referred for evaluation to a pediatric rheumatologist and found to have a nonrheumatologic disorder. Infections constitute an important group of disorders with potential musculoskeletal system involvement. Reactive arthritis subsequent to infection with Yersinia is discussed, as well as reactive arthritis seen in the course of cystic fibrosis. Musculoskeletal manifestations of tuberculosis and brucellosis are reviewed. The continued presence of acute rheumatic fever in the United States has been documented, but the clinical spectrum of the disease appears to be changing over time. A variety of inherited syndromes may involve the musculoskeletal system, either primarily or as a minor manifestation. The bony dysplasias, another group of disorders, result from abnormal collagen structure and affect musculoskeletal development; clinical findings and new genetic information is reviewed. Descriptions of several rare syndromes (eg, hyaline fibromatosis and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy) also are reviewed here.
Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Floating Hospital for Children, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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D016918:Arthritis, Reactive / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007239:Infections; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012213:Rheumatic Fever / Q000453:epidemiology; D013577:Syndrome