The calcium-independent transient outward potassium current in isolated ferret right ventricular myocytes. II. Closed state reverse use-dependent block by 4-aminopyridine.
Block of the calcium-independent transient outward K+ current, I(to), by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) was studied in ferret right ventricular myocytes using the whole cell patch clamp technique. 4-AP reduces I(to) through a closed state blocking mechanism displaying "reverse use-dependent" behavior that was inferred from: (a) development of tonic block at hyperpolarized potentials; (b) inhibition of development of tonic block at depolarized potentials; (c) appearance of "crossover phenomena" in which the peak current is delayed in the presence of 4-AP at depolarized potentials; (d) relief of block at depolarized potentials which is concentration dependent and parallels steady-state inactivation for low 4-AP concentrations (V1/2 approximately -10 mV in 0.1 mM 4-AP) and steady-state activation at higher concentrations (V1/2 = +7 mV in 1 mM 4-AP, +15 mV in 10 mM 4-AP); and (e) reassociation of 4-AP at hyperpolarized potentials. No evidence for interaction of 4-AP with either the open or inactivated state of the I(to) channel was obtained from measurements of kinetics of recovery and deactivation in the presence of 0.5-1.0 mM 4-AP. At hyperpolarized potentials (-30 to -90 mV) 10 mM 4-AP associates slowly (time constants ranging from approximately 800 to 1,300 ms) with the closed states of the channel (apparent Kd approximately 0.2 mM). From -90 to -20 mV the affinity of the I(to) channel for 4-AP appears to be voltage insensitive; however, at depolarized potentials (+20 to +100 mV) 4-AP dissociates with time constants ranging from approximately 350 to 150 ms. Consequently, the properties of 4-AP binding to the I(to) channel undergo a transition in the range of potentials over which channel activation and inactivation occurs (-30 to +20 mV). We propose a closed state model of I(to) channel gating and 4-AP binding kinetics, in which 4-AP binds to three closed states. In this model 4-AP has a progressively lower affinity as the channel approaches the open state, but has no intrinsic voltage dependence of binding.
Campbell
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DL
Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Qu
Y
Y
Rasmusson
R L
RL
Strauss
H C
HC
D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005289:Ferrets; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
D015221:Potassium Channels; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D002118:Calcium