[The nature of the genotype and heredity].
The term "genotype" is used for both hereditary information and its substantial bearer. The most important property of the information is relatively of its content which means very weak dependence on properties of the information substantial bearer (genotype of the second meaning) and very strong dependence on properties of the information recipient. Hereditary information (genotype in the first meaning) is addressed to the ontogenesis system, that is, to phenotype. From this it follows: 1) The genotype content is determined not so much by properties of its substantial bearer as by properties of the phenotype to which it is addressed; 2) Certainty of the genotype content depends not so much on stability of its elements, genes, as on stability of the phenotype of adaptive norm; 3) Genotype possess certain content only for a phenotype inherited from the ontogeny of other (maternal) organism or from a previous ontogenetic stage of the same organism; 4) Genotype (and this is true for any hereditary information of an organism) can not be localized in the primary structures of the nucleic acids. It is an aspect of phenotype and not a part thereof and, in this sense, does not possess independent being; 5) Each element of the phenotype, including genotype, relative to its other elements, is both recipient and bearer of hereditary information; 6) Genotype, as genetic code, is specialized but, not the only, "organ" of storing and transferring of hereditary information; 7) There is no two identical genotypes existing in nature; 8) The only operational definition of the genotype is its treating as genetic information localized in one or several loci; 9) Rather strong relation between certain symbols of genetic code (genes) and certain phenotypic characters reflects stability of reactional system of adaptive norm; 10) High semantic university of some symbols of genetic code indicates deep phylogenetic unity of all existing organisms; 11) Biological sense of structural separateness of the genotype within phenotype is creating and supporting of an information pool undestroyable during ontogenetic development; 12) All and only living systems possess reciprocally determining processes of individual and historic development; 13) Heredity, as an ability of descendants to reproduce safely in their ontogeneses the properties of their ancestors is an integral undecomposable (more exactly, decomposable but for operational purposes) property of the life. There is no and could not be any "heredity substance, as there is no and could not be an "information substance".
Rautian
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D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005815:Genetic Code; D005823:Genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype
D009696:Nucleic Acids
O prirode genotipa i nasledstvennosti.