Laser ablation of upper gastrointestinal vascular ectasias: long term results.
Forty one patients with bleeding vascular ectasias of the upper gastrointestinal tract who required blood transfusion were treated with endoscopic Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation and followed for 34 months (median). Four distinct groups of patients were identified. There was a sustained reduction in transfusion requirements after laser treatment in all those with single (nine patients) and multiple (seven patients) angiodysplasia, in 12 of 16 (75%) patients with watermelon stomachs, and in six of nine (66%) patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Overall, 25 patients (61%) required minimal or no transfusion after treatment and nine (22%) whose bleeding was controlled initially, later developed recurrent bleeding which was controlled with further laser (total 34 of 41, 83%). Surgery succeeded in a further three patients (7%) in whom laser had failed (in one case possibly because of laser induced haemorrhage). Five more cases of possible laser induced haemorrhage resolved with conservative treatment. One patient sustained a treatment related perforation and died: one patient with cirrhosis died of encephalopathy within one month of starting laser treatment. In two patients transfusion requirements were unchanged despite laser. Nd:YAG laser is a safe and effective treatment for most patients with upper gastrointestinal angiodysplasia.
Sargeant
I R
IR
National Medical Laser Centre, University College Hospital, London.
Loizou
L A
LA
Rampton
D
D
Tulloch
M
M
Bown
S G
SG
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D004386:Duodenum / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply*; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000601:surgery; D017211:Treatment Failure