Direct and autonomically mediated effects of oral quinidine on RR/QT relation after an abrupt increase in heart rate.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the direct and autonomically mediated effects of oral quinidine on ventricular repolarization in humans.


BACKGROUND
Interactions between quinidine-related vagolytic properties and autonomic modulation on ventricular repolarization are unknown. The relative role of the two components, if present, might improve our understanding of the therapeutic and proarrhythmic mechanisms of quinidine on the ventricular tissue.


METHODS
Rate-related changes in the QT interval were investigated after an abrupt increase in heart rate in 15 patients during atrial pacing. In the control study, the QT interval was measured at six paced cycle lengths (600, 540, 500, 460, 430 and 400 ms) both in the basal state and after autonomic blockade (intravenous propranolol, 0.2 mg/kg, and intravenous atropine, 0.04 mg/kg); oral quinidine was then administered at a daily dosage of 1,200 mg for 3 to 4 days, after which the QT duration was reassessed using the same method in a second study.


RESULTS
During the control study, the mean slope of the regression curve estimating the correlation between pacing cycle length and QT duration was significantly lower after autonomic blockade (0.14 +/- 0.05) than in the basal state (0.27 +/- 0.10, p < 0.05). Quinidine exhibited a prominent but opposite effect on the mean slope of the regression curves in basal conditions (from 0.27 +/- 0.10 to 0.20 +/- 0.07, p < 0.05) and after withdrawal of autonomic modulation (from 0.14 +/- 0.05 to 0.19 +/- 0.05, p < 0.05), thus annulling the differences observed between the two states in the control study.


CONCLUSIONS
A quinidine-induced increase in QT duration as cycle length is prolonged is consistent with a reverse use dependence effect on ventricular repolarization. This effect is not evident in the basal state owing to interaction of quinidine-related vagolytic effect with the autonomic tone. Reverse use dependence and vagolytic activity on ventricular tissue indicate two potentially undesirable effects that could play a role in the lack of efficacy or proarrhythmic effect of quinidine.
Division of Cardiology, S. Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
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Antonioli
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011802:Quinidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016276:Ventricular Function
D001285:Atropine; D011433:Propranolol; D011802:Quinidine