Comparative study of safety and efficacy of IUD insertions by physicians and nursing personnel in Brazil.
To assess whether trained nursing personnel could provide IUD services as safely and effectively as physicians in Brazil, an experimental study was conducted at the main clinic of the Center for Research on Integrated Maternal and Child Care in Rio de Janeiro. From November 1984 through April 1986, a total of 1,711 women who requested IUD insertion at the clinic were randomly assigned to have a Copper-T 200 IUD inserted by one of the clinic's 11 physicians or 13 nurses. All of the physicians and nursing staff members who provided these services had taken the Center's standard clinical family planning training course. Of 860 insertions attempted by the physicians and nurses, 1.3% and 3.3%, respectively, were unsuccessful. Statistically, this difference was very significant (P < 0.01). Also, mainly because the cervix was small and undilated, nulliparous women had a relatively high insertion failure rate of 8.0%, as compared to 1.5% for primiparas and 1.0% for multiparas. The overall rate of complications at insertion was 1.8%, these complications including diaphoresis, vomiting, syncope, cervical laceration, and one case of perforation of the uterus; no significant difference was found between the complication rates for insertions performed by physicians as compared to nurses. However, 9.0% of the study subjects reported severe pain during IUD insertion, with significantly higher percentages reporting pain if the IUD was inserted by a physician, or if the subject was nulliparous, had preinsertion symptoms, or had a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or sexually transmitted disease (STD). It was also found that the nurses had a dramatically high insertion failure rate (11.6%) with nulliparous subjects, while the physicians' failure rate with such subjects was a significantly lower 3.4%. No significant difference was found in the groups served by nurses and physicians with regard to postinsertion complaints or termination of use within 12 months of insertion. These findings suggest that future training, besides preparing nursing personnel in IUD insertion, should emphasize preparation in taking the client's medical history and diagnosing existing medical symptoms that could be associated with IUD insertion complications. In addition, if a nulliparous woman requests an insertion, it should be performed by a physician or more experienced nursing staff member with close medical supervision. Because of high rates of reported pain at insertion, such women, as well as those with medical symptoms associated IUD insertion complications and those with a history of PID or STD, should be considered candidates for extra care and counseling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Department of Information, Evaluation, and Research, Center for Research on Integrated Maternal and Child Care (Centro de Pesquisas de Assistencia Integrada a Mulher e a Criança-CPAIMC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
K J
KJ
Lassner
C H
CH
Chen
L A
LA
Kropsch
M W
MW
Oberle
I M
IM
Lopes
L
L
Morris
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007433:Intrauterine Device Expulsion; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000009:adverse effects; D008430:Maternal-Child Health Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009740:Nursing Staff; D016896:Treatment Outcome