Brainstem glioma: I. Pathology, clinical features, and therapy.
Gliomas that arise in the brain stem have been associated with a poor prognosis. Diagnostic neuroimaging readily identifies the tumor as it extends between normal brainstem structures. Histologic sampling of tumor with stereotactic methods is notoriously unreliable in establishing a definitive prognosis. Clinical trials that incorporate high-dose chemotherapy, autologous bone marrow rescue, and irradiation hold promise of better tumor control by overcoming the inaccessibility of the central nervous system to standard doses of chemotherapy. We review the pathology, clinical features, neuroimaging features, and current therapeutic concepts relative to brainstem glioma. The pediatric neurologist has a pivotal role in identifying and monitoring children with this malignancy.
Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
B L
BL
Maria
K
K
Rehder
T A
TA
Eskin
L M
LM
Hamed
E B
EB
Fennell
R G
RG
Quisling
J P
JP
Mickle
R B
RB
Marcus
W E
WE
Drane
N P
NP
Mendenhall
D001706:Biopsy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage