Identification of a novel human immunodeficiency virus strain cytopathic to megakaryocytic cells.
Impaired megakaryocytopoiesis may be a contributing factor to thrombocytopenia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because HIV isolates differ in their host range and pathogenicity, we investigated whether HIV strains with demonstrable cell tropism and increased cytopathicity for megakaryocytes could be derived from the blood of thrombocytopenic HIV-infected individuals. We derived a strain, HIV-WW, from the peripheral blood of an individual with severe thrombocytopenia and found the virus to be highly and specifically cytotoxic to CMK and DAMI megakaryocytic cells. CMK and DAMI cells were not permissive for the virus and HIV-WW induced cytopathicity for these megakaryocytic cells did not depend on viral replication. The CD4 N-terminus-binding domain of the HIV gp120 envelope protein did not appear to be involved in determining the cytopathic phenomenon. HIV may impair megakaryocytopoiesis through interactions at the cell surface in some cases rather than through viral entry and intracellular replication.
Kunzi
M S
MS
Mapplethorpe Laboratory for AIDS Research, Department of Medicine, New England Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.
Groopman
J E
JE
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D006678:HIV / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007947:Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014779:Virus Replication; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D015215:Zidovudine