Cigarette smoking, polyunsaturated fats, and coronary heart disease.
The relation between smoking habit and diet was investigated in 910 men and women. Diet was assessed by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. After adjustment for age, sex, and occupational group, smokers had a substantially higher saturated fat (SFA) intake and much lower polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), principally due to a lower linoleic acid (LA) intake, resulting in a lower P:S ratio compared with never smokers, and these dietary differences remained after adjustment for alcohol consumption, BMI, and energy intake. Smokers also had different food choices obtaining more PUFA from saturated fat products such as dairy foods, lard, and ordinary margarine, and less from concentrated sources such as PUFA margarines and vegetable oils than nonsmokers. The food choices of cigarette smokers leading to a higher SFA and lower PUFA intakes may partly explain their increased risk of coronary heart disease.
Thompson
R L
RL
Department of Medicine, University of Southampton, Royal South Hants Hospital, England.
Pyke
S
S
Scott
E A
EA
Thompson
S G
SG
Wood
D A
DA
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking
D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D019787:Linoleic Acid