The reliability of optimization under dose-volume limits.
OBJECTIVE
An optimization algorithm improves the distribution of dose among discrete points in tissues, but tolerance depends on the distribution of dose across a continuous volume. This report asks whether an exact algorithm can be completed when enough points are taken to accurately model a dose-volume constraint.


METHODS
Trials were performed using a 3-dimensional model of conformal therapy of lung cancer. Trials were repeated with different limits placed on the fraction of lung which could receive > 20 Gy. Bounds were placed on cord dose and target dose inhomogeneity. A mixed integer algorithm was used to find a feasible set of beam weights which would maximize tumor dose. Tests of feasibility and optimality are introduced to check the solution accuracy.


RESULTS
Solutions were optimal for points used to model tissues. An accuracy of 3-4% in a volume condition could be obtained with models of 450-600 points. The error improved to 2% with 800 points to model the lung. Solution times increased six-fold at this level of accuracy.


CONCLUSIONS
The mixed integer method can find optimum weights which respect dose-volume conditions in usually acceptable times. If constraints are violated by an excessive amount, the optimization model should be rerun with more points.
Langer
M
M
Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA.
Brown
R
R
Kijewski
P
P
Ha
C
C
D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000379:methods*