Conal anatomy in 119 patients with d-loop transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect: an echocardiographic and pathologic study.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to study the range of conal morphology in transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and their embryologic and surgical implications.


BACKGROUND
Conal anatomy in transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect is variable and might affect surgical repair.


METHODS
Conal anatomy was explored using two-dimensional echocardiography in 119 patients with transposition of the great arteries and a large ventricular septal defect who presented between 1984 and 1991. The influence of conal anatomy on surgical technique was determined by review of the operative reports. Specimens of transposition of the great arteries with unusual conal anatomy were selected from the Cardiac Registry for comparison with the echocardiograms.


RESULTS
One hundred five patients (88.2%) had subaortic conus only with no subpulmonary conus (Group 1). Subarterial conus was present bilaterally in eight patients (6.7%) (Group 2). Four patients (3.4%) had only subpulmonary conus with no (or minimal) subaortic conus (Group 3). Among these four patients, the aorta was posterior to the pulmonary artery in one patient, side by side relative to the pulmonary artery in two patients and slightly anterior in the fourth patient. Subarterial conus was absent bilaterally in two patients (1.7%) (Group 4); the aorta was slightly posterior in one and side by side with the pulmonary artery in the other.


CONCLUSIONS
This variability of conal anatomy in transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect implies four mechanisms by which transposition can occur. The conal anatomy appeared to affect surgical repair in Groups 1 and 2 insofar as it influenced ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In Groups 3 and 4, an arterial switch operation was performed in four of the six patients. The posterior location of the aorta obviated the need for the Lecompte maneuver in two of these four patients. In the remaining two cases in Groups 3 and 4, the condition was repaired by directing the left ventricular outflow across the ventricular septal defect to the aorta using a patch, with or without placement of a conduit from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
Pasquini
L
L
Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Sanders
S P
SP
Parness
I A
IA
Colan
S D
SD
Van Praagh
S
S
Mayer
J E
JE
Van Praagh
R
R
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011662:Pulmonary Subvalvular Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*