Surfactant treatment of respiratory failure induced by hydrochloric acid aspiration in rats.
BACKGROUND
The surfactant system seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of respiratory failure caused by hydrochloric acid (HCl) aspiration. This study was an investigation of the effect of different treatment strategies using an exogenous surfactant preparation on lung function of rats suffering from respiratory failure after intratracheal HCl instillation.


METHODS
In rats anesthetized with halothane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen, tracheotomy was performed and the lungs were mechanically ventilated. Respiratory failure was induced by intratracheal instillation of HCl (0.1 N, 3 ml/kg). After the PaO2 decreased to < 200 mmHg, the animals were randomly divided into five groups. Group I received no treatment; group II received a natural surfactant preparation intratracheally (200 mg/kg); group III underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with saline, followed by surfactant treatment (200 mg/kg); and groups IV and V underwent BAL with saline and a diluted surfactant suspension (3.3 mg/ml in 30 ml/kg), respectively. Groups IV and V received a second and third BAL 60 and 120 min after the first lavage. Blood gas analysis and protein measurements in BAL fluids were performed.


RESULTS
Gas exchange improved in Groups III and V only. Protein concentrations were high in all BAL fluids. In the rats receiving BAL three times (groups IV and V), a decrease in protein concentration was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
From these results, it was concluded that plasma-derived proteins (which are known to inhibit surfactant function) are washed out of the alveoli by BAL, resulting in improved efficacy of surfactant treatment.
Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
E P
EP
Eijking
D
D
Gommers
K L
KL
So
M
M
Vergeer
B
B
Lachmann
D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000503:physiopathology; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000150:complications*; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014132:Trachea
D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid