Randomized perturbed posturography: methodology and effects of midazolam sedation.
To study quiescent stance without applying external disturbances is not a theoretically appealing way to unveil the dynamic properties of human equilibrium. Methods to disturb equilibrium range from standing on foam surface, attaching vibrators to the calves to interfere with somatosensation, and exposure to body-position tracking environments, as in dynamic posturography (EquiTest). The EquiTest apparatus was modified by a menu-driven software to allow arbitrary movements of the support surface and visual surround, and force data were recorded for subsequent analysis. The support surface was randomly moved in the antero-posterior direction. First equilibrium was studied on the stable support surface, then low (RMS 1.3 cm) and high (RMS 2.6 cm) amplitude movements were used. Vision was either present or absent at all test amplitudes. Equilibrium was evaluated by the confidence (61%) ellipse sway area and average sway velocity during 45 s. Eleven healthy subjects aged 23-36 years (mean 29) were sedated with a short acting sedative, midazolam 0.1 mg/kg. Randomized perturbed posturography was conducted at baseline, and at about 60, 120 and 180 min after injection. Psychomotor tests were conducted at baseline, and at 30, 90, 150 and 210 min. Large interindividual variations were found. One subject could not be tested at all at 60 min due to sleepiness, whereas some subjects felt nearly full awake at 30 min. Sway areas were larger at 60 min, but not subsequently. At 60 min, sway velocities with open eyes were higher, just as when vision was absent and low amplitude movements were used. Later no effects could be shown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ledin
T
T
Department of ENT, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
Gupta
A
A
Larsen
L E
LE
Odkvist
L M
LM
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests
D008874:Midazolam