Medical direction and control of emergency medical services in Canada.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the level of physician involvement in prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) in Canada, as compared with published principles of medical control and direction.


METHODS
Mail and telephone survey by means of a questionnaire from March to November 1991.


METHODS
All Canadian provinces and territories.


METHODS
Fifty-six key prehospital EMS physicians, senior government administrators and senior representatives of the agencies responsible for licensing physicians in each province or territory.


METHODS
Responses to questions regarding the legislation, organization, administration, practice and regulation of medical direction and control by physicians in each province or territory.


RESULTS
EMS legislation describing medical direction and control was completely lacking in five provinces and both territories and was incomplete in the remainder. Provincial guidelines written by physicians for prehospital patient care were present in only four provinces. Formal organization of medical directors varied from none to partially remunerated networks. Regional medical-director systems were present in three provinces, and local medical directors were required for all communities in three. Most rural ambulance services were found to engage physicians only when there was local interest.


CONCLUSIONS
The level of physician involvement in the medical direction and control of EMS appears to be inconsistent across Canada and insufficient in most jurisdictions, as compared with accepted principles.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alta.
J M
JM
Thompson
D G
DG
Curry
D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education; D002170:Canada; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008004:Licensure; D010819:Physician's Role; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires