Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in swine after oral or respiratory challenge exposure with live Salmonella typhimurium or Salmonella choleraesuis.
A series of experiments was conducted to document tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) activity in serum of swine after inoculation with Salmonella spp endotoxin and after oral or respiratory tract challenge exposure with live Salmonella spp. For experiment 1, a potentially lethal dose of S typhimurium endotoxin (25 micrograms/kg of body weight) was administered IV, and serum TNF activity was measured. High TNF (approx 700 IU/ml) activity at 1 to 2 hours after administration of the inoculum was associated with death, whereas lower TNF (approx 30 IU/ml) activity was associated with a general prolonged state of shock. For experiment 2, pigs were administered a nonlethal dose (5 micrograms/kg, IV) of either S typhimurium or S choleraesuis endotoxin. Difference in the ability to induce porcine serum TNF activity was not observed between strains. During experiment 3, pigs were inoculated with 10(4) colony-forming units of S typhimurium chi 4232 either orally by gelatin capsule (GC) or by intranasal (IN) instillation. A late serum TNF response (17 IU/ml) was measured at 6 weeks after IN inoculation. A serum TNF response was not detected in GC-inoculated pigs. All tissues and feces were test-negative for S typhimurium prior to the 6-week TNF response. Serum TNF activity may be related to clearance of S typhimurium after respiratory tract exposure, but it is not important to or indicative of clearance of orally presented S typhimurium in swine. During experiment 4, pigs were inoculated with 10(6) colony-forming units of S typhimurium chi 4232 similarly as for experiment 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
T J
TJ
Stabel
P J
PJ
Fedorka-Cray
J T
JT
Gray
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D013552:Swine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D004731:Endotoxins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha