The role of serotonin as a mediator of emesis induced by different stimuli.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of changes in serotonin metabolism on the pathophysiology of different types of emesis: pregnancy-induced emesis, emesis associated with inner-ear dysfunction, and cisplatin-induced emesis. The urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main metabolite of serotonin, was measured in 13 women with pregnancy-induced emesis, 12 patients who had nausea and vomiting following inner-ear dysfunctions, 27 patients with cisplatin-induced emesis and a control group of 21 women. 5-HIAA was measured with a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (Abbott) and corrected for varying urine concentrations. Both patients with emesis associated with inner-ear dysfunction and patients with pregnancy-associated emesis showed a similar 5-HIAA excretion pattern compared with the control group. No correlation between intensity of nausea or vomiting and changes in 5-HIAA excretion could be detected. In patients receiving cisplatin, the 5-HIAA excretion increased rapidly within the 12 h following cisplatin administration and returned to baseline levels after 24 h. There was a parallel increase of 5-HIAA excretion and numbers of emetic episodes in the first 12 h, but delayed emesis was not associated with elevated 5-HIAA excretion. Our results provide evidence that serotonin is involved in the pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced acute emesis. Cisplatin-induced delayed emesis, pregnancy-associated emesis, and emesis due to inner-ear dysfunction are not associated with elevated levels of 5-HIAA excretion. The serotonin pathway probably represents only one of many different afferent mechanisms capable of initiating the emesis cascade.
du Bois
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A
Frauenklinik, St. Vincentius Krankenhäusen, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Kriesinger-Schroeder
H
H
Meerpohl
H G
HG
D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014717:Vertigo / Q000150:complications; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*
D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D002945:Cisplatin