The measure of life-time alcohol consumption in patients with cirrhosis: reproducibility and clinical relevance.
Our aims were to design a reproducible method of measuring life-time alcohol consumption in patients with cirrhosis, and to assess the risk of liver decompensation associated with alcohol intake using a case-control design and a multivariate analysis. We studied 439 patients ("cases") with decompensated cirrhosis, and 233 with compensated cirrhosis ("controls"). Mean life-time daily amount and duration of alcohol intake were measured by a standardized questionnaire, whose reproducibility, assessed by interviewing 75 relatives, was 70% for daily alcohol intake and 84% for duration of intake. Better reproducibility was found by re-interviewing patients at discharge from hospital. Daily alcohol intake was significantly higher in males, younger patients and patients with liver decompensation. After stratification according to the average life-time daily alcohol intake, we found a significant increase in the risk of liver decompensation from 125 g ethanol intake per day onwards. No association was found between duration of alcohol intake and risk of liver decompensation. We conclude that alcohol intake can be reliably and reproducibly measured: in patients with cirrhosis, increased alcohol intake is associated with increased risk of liver decompensation, with a significant dose-effect above a daily intake of 125 g ethanol.
Arico
S
S
Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Torino, Italy.
Galatola
G
G
Tabone
M
M
Corrao
G
G
Torchio
P
P
Valenti
M
M
De la Pierre
M
M
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors