The macrophage-T-lymphocyte theory of schizophrenia: additional evidence.
Chronically activated macrophages and T-lymphocytes, along with excessive interleukin-2 and other cytokine secretions, were previously proposed as the fundamental mediators of schizophrenia. This paper provides further support for the immune model of schizophrenia, including evidence on neurotransmitter abnormalities, the low amplitude of the auditory P300 event-related potential, the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia and the possible involvement of the locus ceruleus in schizophrenia.
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Smith
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Maes
D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008125:Locus Coeruleus / Q000503:physiopathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012701:Serotonin; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine