Treatment of enuresis risoria in children by self-administered electric and imaginary shock.
OBJECTIVE
To treat enuresis risoria (giggle micturition) by a self-administered electric and imaginary shock and to evaluate the outcome after behavioural therapy.


METHODS
Six boys and three girls with enuresis risoria were evaluated and treated. The mean age at referral was 10.4 years (range 5.7-14.2). All children had episodes of involuntary complete bladder emptying triggered by hearty laughter or giggling. The frequency ranged from four times per day to twice a week. No other voiding problems were noted. Five patients (four boys and one girl, mean age 10.2 years, range 5.7-14.2) received conditioning training which consisted largely of the self-administration of a harmless, painless electric shock to the back of one hand, at the moment when micturition was induced by laughter, leading to inhibition of the voiding reflex. Later, the electric shock was replaced by an imaginary shock. Training was undertaken on an outpatient basis. A mean of eight sessions, each of 45 min duration, was necessary to train the children. The mean follow-up was 26 months (range 12-51).


RESULTS
The frequency of wetting was reduced by a mean of 89% in all children 1 year after the successful completion of the training. In three children, followed for 2 years, this result stabilized at that proportion. One of these children, followed for > 3 years, gradually reverted to the original pattern of daily wetting and another patient, with a follow-up of > 4 years, maintained an 86% reduction of wetting incidents.


CONCLUSIONS
Until now, there was no specific treatment for enuresis risoria and not all patients outgrow the problem; this experimental conditioning programme shows promise in diminishing wetting incidents. However, the programme needs further testing in a prospective study.
Department of Paediatric Psychology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Hospital for Children and Youth, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
A
A
Elzinga-Plomp
T M
TM
Boemers
A P
AP
Messer
M A
MA
Vijverberg
T P
TP
de Jong
J D
JD
van Gool
D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004775:Enuresis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007845:Laughter; D008297:Male; D012648:Self Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014563:Urodynamics