Psychological functioning among members of a small polar expedition.
BACKGROUND
While depressed mood, insomnia, irritability and impaired cognition represent common responses to the physical and psychosocial stressors associated with polar environments, wide variations exist in their expression and the degree to which they adversely affect the health and performance of polar expeditioners. In particular, the process of successful adaptation to polar environments and the psychosocial characteristics associated with this process remains poorly understood.


OBJECTIVE
Psychosocial characteristics associated with successful coping with typical stressors are also associated with successful adaptation in polar environments.


METHODS
The 4 men and 3 women participating in a 3-week scientific expedition in the Canadian High Arctic completed a battery of psychological questionnaires, including the Profile of Mood States (POMS), prior to their departure to Isachsen, N.W.T. In Isachsen, subjects completed the POMS and the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale--Seasonal Affective Disorders Version (SIGH-SAD) each week.


RESULTS
Good psychological adjustment was demonstrated by a significant decline in POMS factor scores for tension-anxiety (p = 0.005), fatigue (p < 0.0001), and confusion (p = 0.024) from baseline to Week 3, and a significant decline in SIGH-SAD depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001) during Weeks 1-3. This is attributed to high levels of paratelic dominance and low levels of neuroticism, and use of planful problem-solving as a coping strategy more frequently than other coping strategies.


CONCLUSIONS
Improved psychological functioning among polar expeditioners reflects a combination of psychosocial characteristics that facilitate successful adaptation to any stressful experience, as well as characteristics specifically adaptive for living in polar environments.
Palinkas
L A
LA
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0807, USA.
Suedfeld
P
P
Steel
G D
GD
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001110:Arctic Regions; D003081:Cold Climate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005101:Expeditions / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011340:Problem Solving; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors