Expression of CD69 after in vitro stimulation: a rapid method for quantitating impaired lymphocyte responses in HIV-infected individuals.
A flow cytometric assay based on expression of the activation antigen CD69 was developed to analyze immunological responses of T cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (HIV+) or HIV-seronegative (HIV-) donors after in vitro simulation by antigens and polyclonal activators. The levels of CD69 on freshly-isolated or unstimulated, cultured CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subsets were low and did not differ greatly between HIV+ and HIV- donors. The frequencies of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes from HIV+ donors that expressed CD69 after culture with antigenic or mitogenic stimuli were significantly lower than in HIV- donors. Comparison of CD69 expression with [3H]thymidine incorporation revealed that both assays could detect lymphocyte responses to antigenic or mitogenic stimuli. The CD3+ PBL from HIV+ or HIV- donors did not show increased CD69 expression after culture with soluble or cross-linked recombinant envelope glycoprotein, gp120. The gp120, however, significantly inhibited CD69 expression in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T cells in vitro and may also affect T-cell activation in vivo. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of this CD69 expression assay for the rapid assessment of defects in immune responses of phenotypically defined lymphocyte subsets in HIV+ patients and for testing the effects of agents that modulate immune activation.
Krowka
J F
JF
California Department of Health Services, Berkeley 94704, USA.
Cuevas
B
B
Maron
D C
DC
Steimer
K S
KS
Ascher
M S
MS
Sheppard
H W
HW
D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004261:DNA Replication; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D017252:CD3 Complex; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008934:Mitogens; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013936:Thymidine; D000099192:CD69 Antigens