Investigation of the prebiotic synthesis of amino acids and RNA bases from CO2 using FeS/H2S as a reducing agent.
An autotrophic theory of the origin of metabolism and life has been proposed in which carbon dioxide is reduced by ferrous sulfide and hydrogen sulfide by means of a reversed citric acid cycle, leading to the production of amino acids. Similar processes have been proposed for purine synthesis. Ferrous sulfide is a strong reducing agent in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and can produce hydrogen as well as reduce alkenes, alkynes, and thiols to saturated hydrocarbons and reduce ketones to thiols. However, the reduction of carbon dioxide has not been demonstrated. We show here that no amino acids, purines, or pyrimidines are produced from carbon dioxide with the ferrous sulfide and hydrogen sulfide system. Furthermore, this system does not produce amino acids from carboxylic acids by reductive amination and carboxylation. Thus, the proposed autotrophic theory, using carbon dioxide, ferrous sulfide, and hydrogen sulfide, lacks the robustness needed to be a geological process and is, therefore, unlikely to have played a role in the origin of metabolism or the origin of life.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
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Keefe
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Miller
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McDonald
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Bada
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D005844:Geology; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D000069497:Origin of Life; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011687:Purines / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis
D000596:Amino Acids; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D011687:Purines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; C022597:ferrous sulfide; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide