Optimal electrode position for transvenous defibrillation: a prospective randomized study.
OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to determine the optimal position for the proximal electrode in a two-electrode transvenous defibrillation system.


BACKGROUND
Minimizing the energy required to defibrillate the heart has several potential advantages. Despite the increased use of two-electrode transvenous defibrillation systems, the optimal position for the proximal electrode has not been systematically evaluated.


METHODS
Defibrillation thresholds were determined twice in random sequence in 16 patients undergoing implantation of a two-lead transvenous defibrillation system; once with the proximal electrode at the right atrial-superior vena cava junction (superior vena cava position) and once with the proximal electrode in the left subclavian-innominate vein (innominate vein position).


RESULTS
The mean (+/- SD) defibrillation threshold with the proximal electrode in the innominate vein position was significantly lower than with the electrode in the superior vena cava position (13.4 +/- 5.7 J vs. 16.3 +/- 6.6 J, p = 0.04). Defibrillation threshold with the proximal electrode in the innominate vein position was lower or equal to that achieved in the superior vena cava position in 75% of patients. In patients with normal heart size (cardiothoracic ratio < or = 0.55), the improvement in defibrillation threshold with the proximal electrode in the innominate vein position was more significant than in patients with an enlarged heart (innominate vein 13.0 +/- 6.5 J vs. superior vena cava 17.9 +/- 5.1 J, p < 0.01). In patients with an enlarged heart, no difference between the two sites was observed (innominate vein 13.9 +/- 4.5 J vs. superior vena cava 13.6 +/- 8.3 J, p = NS).


CONCLUSIONS
During implantation of a two-lead transvenous defibrillation system, positioning the proximal defibrillation electrode in the subclavian-innominate vein will lower defibrillation energy requirements in the majority of patients.
Stajduhar
K C
KC
Arrhythmia Services, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.
Ott
G Y
GY
Kron
J
J
McAnulty
J H
JH
Oliver
R P
RP
Reynolds
B T
BT
Adler
S W
SW
Halperin
B D
BD
D000368:Aged; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000628:therapy*; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*