A randomized trial of self-help materials, personalized feedback, and telephone counseling with nonvolunteer smokers.
The incremental effects of (a) a self-help booklet alone, (b) self-help booklet with computer-generated personalized feedback, and (c) self-help booklet, personalized feedback, and outreach telephone counseling were evaluated in a population-based, nonvolunteer sample of smokers. Smokers (N = 1,137) were identified through a telephone survey of a random sample of 5,903 enrollees in a health maintenance organization and randomized to a no-treatment control group or 1 of the 3 intervention conditions. Smoking status was ascertained 3, 12, and 21 months postrandomization. Cotinine validation of self-reported cessation was obtained at the 12-month follow-up. Overall, the telephone counseling significantly increased smoking cessation at the 3-month follow-up, but not at 12 or 21 months. Among smokers who were precontemplative at baseline, telephone counseling significantly increased prevalent abstinence at 3 and 12 months and continuous abstinence at 21 months (defined as self-reported abstinence at 3, 12, and 21 months).
Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington, USA.
S J
SJ
Curry
C
C
McBride
L C
LC
Grothaus
D
D
Louie
E H
EH
Wagner
D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011380:Programmed Instructions as Topic; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013689:Telephone; D016896:Treatment Outcome