Distinct roles for two purified factors in transcription of Xenopus mitochondrial DNA.
Transcription of Xenopus laevis mitochondrial DNA (xl-mtDNA) by the mitochondrial RNA polymerase requires a dissociable factor. This factor was purified to near homogeneity and identified as a 40-kDa protein. A second protein implicated in the transcription of mtDNA, the Xenopus homolog of the HMG box protein mtTFA, was also purified to homogeneity and partially sequenced. The sequence of a cDNA clone encoding xl-mtTFA revealed a high degree of sequence similarity to human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mtTFA. xl-mtTFA was not required for basal transcription from a minimal mtDNA promoter, and this HMG box factor could not substitute for the basal factor, which is therefore designated xl-mtTFB. An antibody directed against the N terminus of xl-mtTFA did not cross-react with xl-mtTFB. xl-mtTFA is an abundant protein that appears to have at least two functions in mitochondria. First, it plays a major role in packaging mtDNA within the organelle. Second, DNase I footprinting experiments identified preferred binding sites for xl-mtTFA within the control region of mtDNA next to major mitochondrial promoters. We show that binding of xl-mtTFA to a site separating the two clusters of bidirectional promoters selectively stimulates specific transcription in vitro by the basal transcription machinery, comprising mitochondrial RNA polymerase and xl-mtTFB.
Antoshechkin
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Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-8651, USA.
Bogenhagen
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DF
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013698:Templates, Genetic; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C097078:XL-MTTFA protein, Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases