Sea urchin genes expressed in activated coelomocytes are identified by expressed sequence tags. Complement homologues and other putative immune response genes suggest immune system homology within the deuterostomes.
To identify some of the genes expressed in LPS-activated coelomocytes, we sequenced randomly chosen clones from a directionally constructed cDNA library to produce a set of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Deduced amino acid sequences from 307 ESTs were compared with known protein sequences in GenBank, and significant matches to approximately 30% of the clones were identified. Eighty-nine clones matched to 55 different proteins, including several putative immune effector proteins. In this work, we show the first identification of an invertebrate homologue of a vertebrate C component. Another EST matches to several short consensus repeats that are characteristic of a variety of proteins, including CR/regulatory proteins and clotting factors. Additional putative immune effector genes include 1) a Kazal-type protease inhibitor that may function to inactivate bacterial proteases, 2) a C-type lectin similar to echinoidin, and 3) a serine protease with similarities to thrombin, elastase, haptoglobin, and plasmin. Other EST categories include 1) cell surface proteins and receptors, 2) proteins involved in signaling systems, 3) lysosomal and secreted proteins, 4) cytoskeletal and cytoskeletal modifying proteins, 5) general cell function proteins, 6) proteins with unknown function, and 7) ESTs without significant matches, 25 with open reading frames. Many of the ESTs identified in this study represent the types of genes expected to be used in lower deuterostome immune functions.
Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.
L C
LC
Smith
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L
Chang
R J
RJ
Britten
E H
EH
Davidson
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000828:Animal Population Groups / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004447:Echinodermata / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005796:Genes; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011506:Proteins; D003165:Complement System Proteins