Self-administered examination versus conventional medical examination of the musculoskeletal system in the neck, shoulders, and upper limbs. The Stockholm MUSIC I Study Group.
A self-administered examination protocol of the musculoskeletal system in the neck, shoulders, and upper limbs was mailed to 350 subjects and the results were compared to those of a subsequent medical examination. The prevalences of reported positive findings were higher than in the medical examination. Validity ranged between poor and good. Acceptable validity was noted for items measuring tenderness. No systematic substantial exposure-related misclassification was noted. Self-administered examination of the musculoskeletal system is not suitable to replace a traditional medical examination in epidemiological studies. Self-administered examination of tenderness could, however, be used as a screening method in analytical studies of relations between exposure and disorders in the musculoskeletal system. Subjects reporting such findings at a self-administered examination could be further examined by professional examiners for definite diagnostic appraisal. Substantial savings in medical examination resources could thereby be obtained.
National Institute of Occupational Health, Solna, Sweden.
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A
Toomingas
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G
Németh
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L
Alfredsson
D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000473:pathology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D010808:Physical Examination; D015995:Prevalence; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016353:Self-Examination; D012782:Shoulder / Q000473:pathology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology