The expression of CD26 and CD40 ligand is mutually exclusive in human T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas/leukemias.
CD26 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) are surface molecules on human activated T lymphocytes that play a critical role in the regulation of lymphopoiesis. Both molecules are expressed on a restricted fraction of human T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL)/leukemias; however, little is known about their functional and/or clinical significance in these disorders. In this study, the pattern of expression of CD40L was compared with that of the CD26 molecule. A series of 67 human T-cell NHL/leukemias and a panel of leukemia/lymphoma T-cell lines were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and RNA studies. The overall frequency of CD26+ and CD40L+ samples was rather similar (25/67 [37%] v 18/67 [27%]). However, the majority of CD26-expressing cases clustered in the lymphoblastic lymphomas (LBL)/T-acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL; 12/23) and CD30+ anaplastic large-cell (ALC) lymphomas (5/8), whereas CD40L+ lymphomas included a large fraction of mycosis fungoides (11/21 [52%]). CD26 and CD40L coexpression was found only in 2 myocosis fungoides cases and 1 small lymphocytic lymphoma. Thus, the expression of the two antigens was mutually exclusive in almost all T-cell lymphomas/leukemias. Accordingly, lymphoma cell lines expressed either one of the molecules or the relative amounts of CD26 and CD40L were inversely proportional. In contrast, reactive T lymphocytes from patients with non-neoplastic T-cell expansions and in vitro activated CD3+ or CD4+ normal T cells were found to coexpress CD40L and CD26. Results of a multivariate analysis showed that the expression of CD26 in T-cell LBL/ALL patients was associated to a worse outcome in terms of survival, as compared with patients with CD26- tumors (P < or = .0001). Based on our results, it can be concluded that, (1) as opposed to activated or reactive normal T cells, the expression of CD26 and of CD40L is mutually exclusive in human T-cell lymphomas/leukemias; (2) expression of CD26 is restricted to aggressive pathologic entities, such as T-cell LBL/ALL and T-cell CD30+ ALC lymphomas, whereas CD40L is expressed on slow progressing diseases such as mycosis fungoides; and (3) within the T-cell LBL/ALL group of tumors, CD26 may identify a subset of poor prognosis patients.
Carbone
A
A
Division of Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Aviano, Italy.
Gloghini
A
A
Zagonel
V
V
Aldinucci
D
D
Gattei
V
V
Degan
M
M
Improta
S
S
Sorio
R
R
Monfardini
S
S
Pinto
A
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002648:Child; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D015458:Leukemia, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4