Predictors of blood lead levels in organolead manufacturing workers.
The relations between recent and cumulative exposure to organic and inorganic lead and blood lead levels were examined in 222 organolead manufacturing workers. Personal monitoring data grouped by 29 exposure zones were used to derive estimates of recent and cumulative occupational exposure. Recent exposure to organic lead and recent combined exposure to organic and inorganic lead were significantly and positively associated with blood lead levels. Exposure duration was found to modify the relation between recent inorganic lead exposure and blood lead levels. Age and cigarette smoking were positively associated with blood lead levels, whereas alcohol use was associated with lower blood lead levels. This is in notable contrast to the influence of alcohol consumption on blood lead levels among inorganic lead workers or the general population. Furthermore, the data suggested that current alcohol use modified the relation between recent organic lead exposure and blood lead levels (P = .08): current alcohol users evidenced less of an increase in blood lead levels with increasing recent organic lead exposures than did workers who did not currently use alcoholic beverages. The data suggest that organic lead exposure affects blood lead levels, probably after dealkylation to inorganic lead. The associations with alcohol consumption may be evidence for differences in enzyme-mediated metabolism of organolead compounds. Finally, the data suggest that recent external lead exposure and internal lead stores both influenced blood lead levels in these workers.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
M P
MP
McGrail
W
W
Stewart
B S
BS
Schwartz
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002617:Chemical Industry; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013756:Tetraethyl Lead
D013756:Tetraethyl Lead; D007854:Lead