Long-term intraspinal infusions of opioids in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Long-term intraspinal infusions of opioid drugs are being increasingly utilized in patients with noncancer pain. Despite this, there is a lack of long-term information, including success and failure rates for pain relief and technical problems. During a 5-year period, 18 noncancer patients underwent implantation of programmable infusion pumps for long-term intrathecal opioid infusion. Patients had (a) neuropathic pain, (b) had failed or been ineligible for noninvasive treatments, and (c) obtained greater than 50% pain relief with intrathecal trial infusions of morphine sulfate or sufentanil citrate. A disinterested third-party reviewer evaluated patients at the most recent follow-up. Sixty-one percent (11/18) of patients had good or fair pain relief with mean follow-up 2.4 +/- 0.3 years (0.8-4.7 years). Average numeric pain scores decreased by 39% +/- 4.3%. Five of the 11 responders required lower opioid doses (12-24 mg/day morphine) and the remaining six patients required higher opioid doses (> 34 mg/day morphine). Failure of long-term pain relief occurred in 39% (7/18) despite good pain relief in trial infusions and the use of both morphine and sufentanil. Technical problems developed in 6/18 patients but appeared to be preventable with further experience. Long-term intrathecal opioid infusions can be effective in treatment of neuropathic pain but might require higher infusion doses.
Hassenbusch
S J
SJ
Department of Neurosurgery, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Stanton-Hicks
M
M
Covington
E C
EC
Walsh
J G
JG
Guthrey
D S
DS
D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid