Changes in cytomorphology of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia at the time of disease relapse. Childhood Leukaemia Working Party of the United Kingdom Medical Research Council.
OBJECTIVE
Children in a United Kingdom national trial for relapsed non-B lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) had their diagnostic and relapse marrow cytomorphology compared to see what changes occur during the evolution of the disease.


METHODS
Each relapse slide was assessed blindly for French American British (FAB) type and other morphological features by a panel of three independent microscopists without reference to each other or any diagnostic material. Diagnostic slides had been assessed by the same panel on an earlier occasion.


RESULTS
A total of 134 consecutive children was studied. Six (5%) were classified as FAB type L2 at diagnosis, compared with 18 (13%) at relapse (a difference of 9%). Twenty two (16%) changed their FAB type, 17 (13%) from L1 to L2 and five (4%) from L2 to L1. The FAB score fell at relapse in 34 children and rose in 14, a difference of 14%. Cell size was the commonest feature to change (increasing in 22 and diminishing in nine) followed by prominent nucleoli (appearing in 21 and disappearing in six). Forty four (33%) children had vacuolated blasts at diagnosis, compared with 48 (36%) at relapse. Twenty five changed their vacuole score substantially, 14 gaining > 10% and 11 falling < 10%.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings reflect the variability of lymphoblast cytomorphology, but also show a trend for cells to have more prominent nucleoli and greater size at relapse. Factors controlling these features of the FAB type are unknown, but they may simply be related to the growth fraction of a particular disease and not to any lineage specific biological feature.
Department of Paediatric Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London.
J S
JS
Lilleyman
R F
RF
Stevens
I M
IM
Hann
B E
BE
Gibson
J A
JA
Britton
P J
PJ
Darbyshire
A
A
Oakhill
D000293:Adolescent; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D048429:Cell Size; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology*; D012008:Recurrence; D016037:Single-Blind Method