A feedback controlled silicon microprobe for quantitative mechanical stimulation of nerve and tissue.
The ability to apply and control the force and force velocity of mechanical stimulation is essential for the study of mechanoelectric transduction and adaptation processes. Silicon micromachining technology was used to produce miniature (20-70 microns wide) mechanical microprobes. Passive polysilicon, piezoresistive, force sensing elements were deposited onto the boron-doped epitaxial silicon and the individual devices were chemically etched from the bulk wafer. These microprobes display a linear force versus output voltage relationship. Stimulation forces up to 2 mN can be generated with a measurement resolution of 1.5 microN. The probes were mounted onto circuit board holders and their output sent to a proportional-integral controller which drives an electromagnetic actuator. By using this force-feedback control circuit coupled to a PC it is possible to define any stimulus wave form pattern and independently control and measure the actual stimulus force and velocity. A computer controlled 3-axis stepper motor (0.025 micron step capability) manipulator is used to position the silicon microprobe-actuator assembly relative to the mechanoreceptive field. Sensor feedback control coupled to the 3-axis stepper motor manipulator allows automatic touchdown control and/or preloading of the probe prior to stimulation. Three-dimensional topographic manipulator feedback position control allows automated receptive field mapping.
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Dallas 75235-9068, USA.
D
D
Jackson
B J
BJ
Kane
S
S
Monroe
J
J
Li
C W
CW
Storment
G T
GT
Kovacs
D L
DL
Tanelian
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003315:Cornea / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011817:Rabbits; D012825:Silicon
D012825:Silicon