A comparative study of ketorolac and diclofenac on post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy pain.
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study designed to assess the post-operative analgesic efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ketorolac and diclofenac 60 ASA I and II patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied. Prior to concluding the operative procedure, an injection (i.m.) of an equal volume of either saline 3 mL, ketorolac 60 mg, or diclofenac 75 mg was administered. All patients received intravenous morphine via a patient-controlled analgesia device (PCA). Post-operative pain intensity was assessed hourly for 4 h, by recording visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, PCA demands and actual morphine administered. PCA demands (mean +/- SD) were greater in the saline treatment group (115 +/- 90) when compared with both the ketorolac (42 +/- 44) and diclofenac groups (74 +/- 77). Furthermore, the saline treatment group received significantly (P < 0.05) more PCA morphine compared with both the ketorolac and diclofenac groups (12.2 mg +/- 5.0 vs. 8.6 mg +/- 5.2 vs. 8.9 mg +/- 4.8). Improved pain scores were demonstrated in both the ketorolac and diclofenac groups compared with the saline group. PCA demands and post-operative morphine requirements were similar in the ketorolac and diclofenac groups. Diclofenac has the added advantage, in our institution, of being 60% less expensive than ketorolac. We conclude that both ketorolac and diclofenac are effective post-operative analgesic drugs. However, economic considerations may favour diclofenac administration.
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Meir Hospital, Kfar Sava, Israel.
B
B
Fredman
D
D
Olsfanger
R
R
Jedeikin
D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004008:Diclofenac; D009020:Morphine; D014046:Tolmetin; D020910:Ketorolac