Forms of early walking.
Children in the first weeks of independent locomotion display a wide variety of walking forms. The walking forms differ in mechanical strategy and concern with balance. Three extreme walking forms are presented: the Twister, who uses trunk twist, the Faller, who uses gravity, and the Stepper, who remains balanced as much as possible. Each walking form is presented as a "d-space", a mathematical format combining continuous and discrete aspects, developed to express the sequence and pattern of a movement without the inappropriate precision of a physical trajectory. The three d-spaces represent analyses of three extreme modes of early walking. They are used to generate the variety of early walking forms and to predict mixtures of mechanical strategies as children mature and converge to more similar walking forms over the first few months of independent locomotion.
R. S. Dow Neurological Sciences Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97209, USA.
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McCollum
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Holroyd
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Castelfranco
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007858:Learning; D008954:Models, Biological; D004856:Postural Balance; D016138:Walking