Amniotic fluid insulin and C peptide levels in diabetic and nondiabetic women during early pregnancy.
Thanks to the widespread use of amniocentesis, glucose, insulin, and C peptide have often been measured in amniotic fluid (AF) during late gestation, but little is known about their concentrations during early pregnancy. To better understand early fetal beta-cell function under normal conditions and in the presence of maternal diabetes, we measured glucose, insulin, and C peptide in the AF collected during weeks 15-22 in 77 healthy and 9 diabetic women undergoing amniocentesis for clinical indications and compared the results with those obtained during late pregnancy (weeks 34-36). The AF C peptide concentration was higher in diabetic women (102 +/- 53 vs. 38 +/- 2 pmol/L), in the women with a family history of diabetes (41 +/- 6 vs. 35 +/- 2 pmol/L), after the 19th week of gestation (46 +/- 5 vs. 35 +/- 2 pmol/L; in the presence of lower glucose concentrations), and in the presence of maternal plasma glucose levels greater than 5.56 mmol/L (42 +/- 3.5 vs. 34 +/- 2 pmol/L). The comparison between early and late gestation showed decreasing glucose and increasing C peptide concentrations in both healthy and diabetic women (in the latter, C peptide values were always 3 times higher), whereas the insulin concentration was increased in late gestation only in diabetic women. The AF C peptide/insulin molar ratio increased throughout pregnancy in both healthy (from 0.97 +/- 0.06 to 4.3 +/- 1.2) and diabetic (from 2.9 +/- 1.1 to 13.2 +/- 1.6) women. These parallel changes suggest that the fetal clearance and/or degradation of insulin and C peptide may greatly change during both normal and diabetic gestation.
Diabetes Unit-CIMS, Institute Clinica Medica 2, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
F
F
Fallucca
E
E
Sciullo
A
A
Napoli
G
G
Cardellini
A
A
Maldonato
D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose