title: Clinical trials of targeted toxins.
abstract: Immunotoxins (monoclonal antibodies chemically coupled to peptide toxins) and fusion toxins (peptide ligands fused genetically to peptide toxins) have been used to treat a variety of malignancies over the last 20 years. Problems with normal tissue toxicities (vascular leak syndrome, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicities), poor penetration to tumor interstitum, and humoral immune responses have limited clinical efficacy. Higher response rates were observed with systemic therapy of leukemias and lymphomas and regional therapy of primary brain tumors. Ongoing studies are examining the role of targeted toxins in combination with chemoradiotherapy and in minimal residual disease settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Tagge
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Willingham
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012276:Ricin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
chemical_list: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D005098:Exotoxins; D000922:Immunotoxins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012276:Ricin; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A