title: Helical (spiral) CT of the upper airway with three-dimensional imaging: technique and clinical assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of helical CT-generated three-dimensional images of the upper airway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients, 10 healthy and 20 with upper-airway disease, were studied with helical CT (5-mm collimation). Overlapping images at 2-mm intervals were retrospectively generated. In the group of healthy patients, two radiologists in independently compared overlapping with nonoverlapping images, ranked confidence in identifying small airway structures on a scale of 1-5, and tabulated the number of images demonstrating these structures. In the 20 patients with disease, three-dimensional (3D) surface models were rendered on an independent workstation and were reviewed by two radiologists and one otolaryngologist for image quality, appreciation of lesion morphology, and ability to judge lesion extent, using a similar scale. A phantom was used to optimize parameters for the 3D reconstructions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viewing of the retrospectively generated overlapping images increased by 122% the number of images in which laryngeal and hypopharyngeal structures could be identified (p < .01). Image confidence scores for the radiologists averaged 3.3 for nonoverlapping and 4.0 for overlapping (p < .05). Radiologists and otolaryngologist rated the quality of the 3D images equally. The otolaryngologist's assessment of the value of the models for understanding the lesion morphology was 3.5 compared with the radiologists assessment of 2.5; and for judging the lesion extent, the otolaryngologist's assessment was 3.8 compared with 2.7 for the radiologist, a statistical significance of p < .01.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Helical CT with the application of overlapping images and 3D reconstructions significantly assists the understanding of upper-airway disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zeiberg
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sessions
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Troost
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Davros
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Zeman
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007013:Hypopharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007830:Larynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014132:Trachea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*