title: Subject-controlled performance feedback and learning of a closed motor skill.
abstract: Research on knowledge of results and knowledge of performance has been directed toward identification of the optimal schedule for administering feedback. The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether a schedule based on performance feedback controlled by the learner would be a more effective means of delivering feedback than any predetermined or random schedule. Participants were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: (a) control group receiving no performance feedback, (b) 50% relative performance feedback, (c) summary performance feedback, (d) subject-controlled performance feedback, and (e) yoked control group. Data were collected during an acquisition phase (four blocks of 10 trials) and a retention phase (two block of 10 trials) in which subjects performed an underhand ball toss. Repeated-measures analyses indicated significant main effects for the absolute error (AE). Participants in the subject-controlled performance feedback condition performed significantly better on both retention trials than the other groups. Analysis suggests that a feedback schedule which is controlled by the learner may be a more effective means of delivering augmented feedback than other schedules which have been examined.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Gainesville 32611, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Janelle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D011597:Psychomotor Performance