title: Effect of age and sex on the induction and elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis.
abstract: This article reviews the effect of age and sex on the induction and elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). We found that the incidence of ACD in childhood is lower than in adults; this may be explained by less exposure to allergens, lack of immune response and limited patch test studies in this age group. In the elderly, there is an age-dependent decrease in the incidence of ACD, with decreased sensitization to new allergens and waning responses in previously sensitized subjects. There is extensive controversy about the effect of sex differences in ACD. The induction phases of ACD in both sexes are different due to differences in exposure to the allergens from occupations, habits and cultures. Differences in elicitation phases of ACD in both sexes are not confirmed. Women tend to have a higher incidence of ACD and higher immunologic response to exposure allergens than men. Thus we can only imprecisely define the effect of age and sex on the induction and elicitation of ACD. Further prospective studies should be done to answer these questions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwangsukstith
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens