title: Sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD) in eyedrops improves the tolerability of a topically applied pilocarpine prodrug in rabbits.
abstract: The effects of a novel, modified beta-cyclodextrin (SBE4-beta-CD; a variably substituted sulfobutyl ether with an average degree of substitution of four) on eye irritation and miotic response of an ophthalmically applied pilocarpine prodrug, O,O'-dipropionyl-(1,4-xylylene) bispilocarpate, in albino rabbits were studied. Compared to the commercial pilocarpine eyedrop solution (163 mM, equivalent to 3.4% pilocarpine), 12-24 mM pilocarpine prodrug solutions (equivalent to 0.5-1.0% pilocarpine, respectively) decreased peak miotic intensity (Imax) and increased the time to reach peak (tmax), but did not significantly affect values for the area under the miosis versus time curves (AUC), i.e. 12-24 mM pilocarpine prodrug appeared to be equivalent to 163 mM pilocarpine. Ocularly applied 12-24 mM pilocarpine prodrug solutions, however, were more irritating than a commercial pilocarpine eyedrop solution. Coadministered SBE4-beta-CD significantly decreased the eye irritation of the pilocarpine prodrug solutions. Coadministered SBE4-beta-CD did not affect the miotic response of prodrug solution when the molar ratio of SBE4-beta-CD to prodrug was low. However, increasing the molar ratio of SBE4-beta-CD to prodrug decreased the Imax and AUC values. The results show that eye irritation of the pilocarpine prodrug is prevented by levels of SBE4-beta-CD that do not affect the apparent ocular absorption of the prodrug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urtti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Stella
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005143:Eyelids / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008916:Miotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008916:Miotics; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011355:Prodrugs; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D010862:Pilocarpine; C093196:SBE4-beta-cyclodextrin