title: Evaluating cardiac risk in noncardiac surgery patients.
abstract: The cornerstones of the evaluation of cardiac risk in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery remain a thorough history and physical examination, and a resting electrocardiogram. However, new techniques to assess cardiac function allow more complete evaluation of high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bronson
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Marwick
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D003663:Decision Trees; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000592:standards*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D015996:Survival Rate