title: Efficacy of ultrafiltration in removing inflammatory mediators during pediatric cardiac operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional and modified ultrafiltration was used in pediatric cardiac operations to reduce volume overload and total body water. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of these techniques in removing inflammatory mediators during cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty pediatric patients undergoing cardiac operations were randomized into a modified or conventional ultrafiltration group. Blood samples were obtained before and after ultrafiltration to assess the plasma concentrations of leukocyte elastase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except for plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the modified ultrafiltration group, the plasma concentrations of all the mediators measured increased after ultrafiltration in both groups of patients. The volume of ultrafiltrate and the total amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 removed by ultrafiltration were significantly greater in the modified group. The concentrations of mediators in the ultrafiltrate and the ratio of ultrafiltrate to plasma concentrations of the mediators did not differ between the groups. Ultrafiltration was more efficient in removing tumor necrosis factor-alpha than the other mediators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficacy in removing the inflammatory mediators generated during cardiopulmonary bypass did not differ between modified and conventional ultrafiltration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase