title: Plasma P selectin (GMP-140) and glycocalicin are elevated in preeclampsia and eclampsia: their significances.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We measured the concentrations of plasma P selectin (or GMP-140) and glycocalicin in preeclamptic and eclamptic women. Correlations between these two parameters and blood pressures, platelet counts, or plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex values were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  By use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays we measured the plasma GMP-140 and glycocalicin levels in normal pregnancies (n = 10) and preeclamptic (n = 10) and eclamptic (n = 20) pregnancies. The glycocalicin index was calculated as follows: (glycocalicin x [250 x 10(6)/ml])/(Individual platelet counts). Correlations between plasma GMP-140, glycocalicin, glycocalicin index values, blood pressures, platelet counts, and plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex values were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma GMP-140 levels were found to be significantly elevated in preeclamptic (p < 0.0005) and eclamptic cases (p < 0.0001) compared with normotensive controls. Plasma glycocalicin (p = 0.01, 0.007) and glycocalicin index (p = 0.005, 0.002) values were also markedly elevated in preeclamptic and eclamptic patients compared with normal pregnant patients. Significant correlations between platelet counts or plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex levels and their corresponding plasma GMP-140 and glycocalicin and glycocalicin index values have been found in preeclamptic and eclamptic cases. However, blood pressures had correlations with GMP-140, glycocalicin, and glycocalicin index values in eclamptic cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated an elevation of plasma GMP-140 and platelet glycocalicin in preeclampsia and eclampsia. This study also reflects the usefulness of glycocalicin as a marker of platelet activation or turnover and endothelial dysfunction in these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanayama
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: el Maradny
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bhuiyan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khatun
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004461:Eclampsia / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D010976:Platelet Count; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; C023592:glycocalicin; D000990:Antithrombin III; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases