title: A comparison of time, temperature, and refreezing variables on frozen sperm motility recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare motility recovery among methods of thawing semen in serial freeze-thaw processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparison of treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen cryobank laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen samples from an existing cryobank.
  
  
  METHODS
  Portions of each of 35 ejaculates were thawed serially in either a 37 degrees C water bath for 10 minutes or at room temperature for 30 minutes. Motility was estimated, and the samples were immediately refrozen. Thaws were performed initially (T1), at 24 hours (T2), and at 1 week (T3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Percent motility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial motility of all samples averaged 73.2%. Serial thaws at 37 degrees C yielded mean motility recoveries of 34.0%, 21.8%, and 8.3% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Those at room temperature were 22.4%, 7.9%, and 1.3%. Motilities progressively decreased from initial to final thaw regardless of temperature. Semen thawed at 37 degrees C had a higher motility recovery at all thaw times compared with samples thawed at room temperature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For sperm frozen rapidly in liquid nitrogen and for sperm subjected to multiple freeze-thaw processes, motility recovery is improved if thaw is carried out at 37 degrees C versus room temperature.
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University, California, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Leffler
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors