title: Anaerobic threshold in total artificial heart animals.
abstract: The anaerobic threshold represents an objective measure of functional capacity and is useful in assessment of pulmonary and cardiovascular dysfunction. This study determined the anaerobic threshold in total artificial heart animals and evaluated the performance of the total artificial heart system. Five animals with total artificial hearts were put under incremental exercise testing after exercise training. The intensity of exercise ranged from 2.0 to 4.5 km/hr, with an increment of 0.5 km/hr every 3 min. The anaerobic threshold was 6.72 +/- 0.84 ml/kg/min as detected by the lactate method, and 6.48 +/- 0.79 by the CO2 method. The value of the anaerobic threshold in total artificial heart animals implies that the performance capacity of a total artificial heart is not sufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of vigorously exercising skeletal muscle. The protocol does not allow for driving parameter changes during exercise, and this situation, combined with the manual mode of the control system used, was inadequate to allow the total artificial heart animals to exercise more vigorously. Using an automatic control mode might be helpful, as well as considering the relationship between indices of oxygen metabolism, such as oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, and oxygen extraction rate, in the control algorithms in total artificial heart control systems.
authors.affiliation: Artificial Heart Research Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84103-1414, USA.
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pantalos
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Khanwilkar
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006354:Heart, Artificial; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010100:Oxygen