title: Probable implication of mutations of the X open reading frame in the onset of fulminant hepatitis B.
abstract: A pathogenic role of precore-defective mutation in the onset of fulminant hepatitis B has been suggested. However, precore-defective mutants do not always cause fulminant hepatitis B and are not always isolated from affected patients. These findings strongly suggest the presence of some additional important mutations outside the precore region in fulminant hepatitis. In the present investigation an attempt was made to sequence the X open reading frame of hepatitis B virus DNA isolated from seven patients with fulminant hepatitis B and five patients with acute hepatitis B. The latter were used as controls. Since the X open reading frame encodes the X protein and contains the core promoter/enhancer II complex, some critical mutations may enhance or disrupt the replication and expression of hepatitis B virus DNA leading to fulminant hepatitis. A C-to-T substitution was found at nucleotide (nt) 1655, an A-to-T substitution at nt 1764 and a G-to-A substitution at nt 1766 in 4, 5 and 5 patients, respectively, out of the seven with fulminant hepatitis. These substitutions were not recognized in the patients with acute hepatitis. These mutations might change the function of the X protein and core promoter/enhancer II complex. It is suggested, therefore, that these mutations, as well as the precore-defective mutation, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shikata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mima
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015534:Trans-Activators; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C057628:hepatitis B virus X protein