title: Use of double ventricular extrastimulation to determine the preexcitation index in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.
abstract: The ability of single paced ventricular beats during tachycardia to penetrate the tachycardia circuit and reset the subsequent atrial depolarization (atrial preexcitation), enabling calculation of the "preexcitation index," can be helpful in analyzing supraventricular tachycardias. However, the ventricular refractory period often prevents ventricular capture of beats with the necessary prematurity to demonstrate atrial preexcitation, particularly in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). We hypothesized that the use of double premature stimuli could overcome this limitation. In 25 consecutive patients with either AVNRT or atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) we attempted to demonstrate atrial preexcitation with single and double ventricular extrastimuli. Whereas atrial preexcitation with a single extrastimulus could only be achieved in 3 of 11 patients with AVNRT, all but 1 patient demonstrated atrial preexcitation with the use of double ventricular extrastimuli. On the other hand, in all but 1 patient with AVRT, atrial preexcitation could be achieved with single and double extrastimuli. A formula was derived for obtaining a preexcitation index with double extrastimuli and shown to correspond closely with the preexcitation index obtained with a single extrastimulus in the 16 patients in whom atrial preexcitation could be achieved with single and double extrastimuli. Thus, this technique significantly enhances the ability to achieve atrial preexcitation and to calculate the preexcitation index in patients with AVNRT, and thus may be useful in deciphering tachycardia mechanism in some patients, as well as being a useful technique in studying the electrophysiological properties of the antegrade and retrograde limbs of AVNRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, USA.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Wagshal
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mittleman
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Schuger
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018880:Atrial Premature Complexes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002036:Bundle of His / Q000503:physiopathology; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D011226:Pre-Excitation Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012032:Refractory Period, Electrophysiological; D013611:Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013614:Tachycardia, Paroxysmal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D013617:Tachycardia, Supraventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018879:Ventricular Premature Complexes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology