title: Flow-mediated vasodilation of human epicardial coronary arteries: effect of inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to investigate the role of nitric oxide, an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, in flow-mediated vasodilation in human epicardial coronary arteries.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Endothelium-derived relaxing factors may be released from the coronary artery endothelium in response to increases in blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the effect of the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) on the flow-mediated vasodilation of epicardial coronary arteries in 12 patients, using quantitative angiographic and Doppler flow velocity measurements. Adenosine at 100 micrograms/min was infused into the left anterior descending coronary artery to test the dilator response of the proximal artery to increases in blood flow. Acetylcholine at 3 and 30 micrograms/min was infused into the left coronary ostium to determine endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the proximal left anterior descending artery. Adenosine and acetylcholine were infused before and after the intracoronary infusion of L-NMMA (25 mumol/min for 5 min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infusion of L-NMMA caused a significant decrease in the baseline diameter of the proximal left anterior descending artery (from 2.90 +/- 0.14 to 2.74 +/- 0.13 mm [mean +/- SEM], p < 0.01). Adenosine increased coronary blood flow before and after L-NMMA (+399.5 +/- 27.5% and +511.9 +/- 33.3%, respectively). Flow-mediated vasodilation was observed in the proximal left anterior descending artery before and after L-NMMA (+9.2 +/- 1.5%, p < 0.01 and +8.6 +/- 2.1%, p < 0.01, respectively). A dose of 3 micrograms/min of acetylcholine significantly dilated the proximal left anterior descending artery before L-NMMA (+7.6 +/- 1.0%, p < 0.01), but acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was attenuated after L-NMMA (-1.8 +/- 1.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that nitric oxide modulates basal coronary artery tone but that mediators other than nitric oxide may be responsible for the flow-mediated vasodilation of human epicardial coronary arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiode
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kajiyama
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000241:Adenosine; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000241:Adenosine; D000109:Acetylcholine