title: Kinetic analysis of dynamic 13C NMR spectra: metabolic flux, regulation, and compartmentation in hearts.
abstract: Control of oxidative metabolism was studied using 13C NMR spectroscopy to detect rate-limiting steps in 13C labeling of glutamate. 13C NMR spectra were acquired every 1 or 2 min from isolated rabbit hearts perfused with either 2.5 mM [2-13C]acetate or 2.5 mM [2-13C]butyrate with or without KCl arrest. Tricarboxylic acid cycle flux (VTCA) and the exchange rate between alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamate (F1) were determined by least-square fitting of a kinetic model to NMR data. Rates were compared to measured kinetics of the cardiac glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT). Despite similar oxygen use, hearts oxidizing butyrate instead of acetate showed delayed incorporation of 13C label into glutamate and lower VTCA, because of the influence of beta-oxidation: butyrate = 7.1 +/- 0.2 mumol/min/g dry wt; acetate = 10.1 +/- 0.2; butyrate + KCl = 1.8 +/- 0.1; acetate + KCl = 3.1 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SD). F1 ranged from a low of 4.4 +/- 1.0 mumol/min/g (butyrate + KCl) to 9.3 +/- 0.6 (acetate), at least 20-fold slower than GOT flux, and proved to be rate limiting for isotope turnover in the glutamate pool. Therefore, dynamic 13C NMR observations were sensitive not only to TCA cycle flux but also to the interconversion between TCA cycle intermediates and glutamate.
authors.affiliation: NMR Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doumen
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Damico
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: LaNoue
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Alpert
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D019342:Acetic Acid; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D020148:Butyric Acid; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008954:Models, Biological; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010477:Perfusion; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002087:Butyrates; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D020148:Butyric Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D019342:Acetic Acid