title: The human T-cell receptor gamma variable pseudogene V10 is a distinctive marker of human speciation.
abstract: The V10 variable gene of the human T-cell receptor gamma locus (TCRG-V10), the only member of the subgroup III, has a structural defect which inhibits the splicing of the leader intron. We show that there is a single point mutation in the V10 leader donor splice site responsible for this situation and that this mutation is found in the different populations tested, indicating that V10 corresponds to a pseudogene in humans. We restored the splice site by mutagenesis and obtained correct splicing in vitro. Analysis of the V10 germline gene in different primates reveals functional splice sites in the closest human apes, the chimpanzee and the gorilla. The splice competence of TCRG-V10 in higher primates was addressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes from chimpanzee by specific cDNA amplification, and correct splicing of the TCRG-V10 leader intron was found as well as a majority of in frame rearrangements involving only the TCRG-J1 or J2 segments. These results suggest that V10(+)gamma /delta T cells may represent an important subset in the non-human higher primates, contrary to the situation observed in the human.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, UMR9942, Universités Montpellier I et II, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, BP5051, 34033 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: X M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cathala
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Soua
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lefranc
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huck
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006071:Gorilla gorilla; D015186:Hominidae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D017354:Point Mutation; D011148:Pongo pygmaeus; D011544:Pseudogenes; D012326:RNA Splicing; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000235:genetics*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta