title: Outcome-oriented managed care comparing efficacies of cefaclor and amoxicillin in acute and recurrent acute otitis media.
abstract: A study utilizing outcome-oriented cure is employed to show the effectiveness of a given medical treatment. A specific patient population is studied in order to determine the most effective treatment for a common clinical disorder. A total of 201 children were retrospectively studied to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of amoxicillin and cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media and recurrent acute otitis media. There were 456 episodes of acute otitis media; 245 episodes were treated with amoxicillin with an efficacy of 91%, while 211 episodes were treated with cefaclor with an efficacy of 97%. The dosage of 40 mg/kg/day, divided in three equal doses, was employed for both antibiotics in the treatment of acute otitis media, while half of this amount was given once daily for the chemoprophylaxis of recurrent acute otitis media. In the 87 courses of chemoprophylaxis with cefaclor for recurrent otitis media, the efficacy was found to be 53%; while amoxicillin was found to be effective in 30% of the 33 patients studied. There were fewer side effects noted in the cefaclor group than in the amoxicillin group (4% vs. 12%). Both drugs caused diarrhea, while cefaclor also caused a mild maculopapular rash in two patients (1.67%). While amoxicillin remains the drug of choice for acute otitis media (AOM), this study suggests that cefaclor may be a better selection in the chemoprophylaxis of recurrent acute otitis media.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Omaha 68198-1225, USA.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zieno
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Yonkers
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002433:Cefaclor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002433:Cefaclor; D000658:Amoxicillin