title: Lobar emphysema associated with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia.
abstract: The etiology of infantile lobar emphysema is frequently unknown; however, partial airway obstruction is most often implicated. Although infection and lobar emphysema have been linked previously, their cause-and-effect relationship is unclear. We present the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings in a 9-day-old infant with acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and a clinical and radiographic appearance suggestive of lobar emphysema. Pathologically, there was diffuse papillary overgrowth of the bronchiolar epithelium due to RSV infection which produced narrowing of the affected airways and alveolar overinflation. We speculate that in this instance RSV infection was at least associated with the development, and was perhaps the direct cause of lobar emphysema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 3705 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yunis
mesh_terms: D001990:Bronchiolitis, Viral / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging