title: Human saphenous vein organ culture: a useful model of intimal hyperplasia?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although cell culture techniques and animal models of intimal hyperplasia have increased our current understanding of the aetiology of vein graft stenosis, the results of such studies have been difficult to relate to the human situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was designed to validate an organ culture of human saphenous vein by comparing the changes occurring in cultured vein with those seen in pathological vein graft stenoses and to identify a suitable marker of cell proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saphenous vein segments were cultured for 14 days, fixed in formalin and processed for immunohistochemistry. Freshly excised stenoses were fixed and processed similarly. A number of markers of cell proliferation were evaluated in the culture system in order to identify the one best suited to this particular model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Marked similarities were observed in the cellular and extracellular matrix composition, and electron microscopy revealed that both the neointima of the cultured vein and the pathological lesion contained an abundance of smooth muscle cells of a secretory phenotype. Bromodeoxyuridine proved to be the most reliable proliferation marker and revealed that early proliferation in the superficial layers of the vein intima gave rise to the formation of neointima. Both proliferation and neointimal thickness were maximal by day 14 in culture. Proliferation declined rapidly thereafter, and the neointima was maintained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes occurring in cultured vein and graft stenoses bore many similarities, thereby justifying the use of organ culture as a valuable experimental tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Leicester, U.K.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varty
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: London
mesh_terms: D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000633:toxicity; D002455:Cell Division; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine