title: Corticosteroids increase blood interleukin-10 levels during cardiopulmonary bypass in men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent antiinflammatory cytokine inhibiting the release of tumor necrosis factor--alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-8 by activated macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) represents a unique situation where an inflammatory reaction is predictably induced. The present study examined the influence of CPB on the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-8, and IL-10 and also defined the effects of pretreatment with corticosteroids on the release of these cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 22 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operations, including eight control patients and seven patients who received dexamethasone, and seven patients who received methylprednisolone 4 hours before the operation. Cytokines were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique before treatment, before anesthesia induction, immediately before heparin administration, before aorta declamping, 10 minutes and 90 minutes after aorta declamping, and 4 hours after the end of CPB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control patients the TNF-alpha levels and especially the IL-8 levels increased during CPB and reached their maximal levels 4 hours after CPB. IL-10 levels rose moderately and transiently, reaching peak values 90 minutes after aorta declamping. Notably, administration of corticosteroids prevented IL-8 release but increased IL-10 levels, which were tenfold higher than in the control group 90 minutes after aorta declamping (dexamethasone, 271 +/- 128 pg/ml; methylprednisolone, 312 +/- 213 pg/ml; control, 17 +/- 12 pg/ml, p < 0.05). IL-1 beta was not detected in any group of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data indicate that IL-10 is released together with proinflammatory cytokines during and after CPB and that pretreatment with corticosteroids markedly enhances this release. The release of IL-10 may play an important role in the antiinflammatory effects of corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabardel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duchateau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmartz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marécaux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahla
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barvais
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016753:Interleukin-10; D003907:Dexamethasone; D008775:Methylprednisolone