title: Functional abnormalities of the pharynx: a prospective analysis of radiographic abnormalities relative to age and symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and severity of functional abnormalities of the pharynx relative to patient age and symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiographic evaluation of the pharynx was performed in 110 consecutive outpatients aged 19-84 years old who had no previous surgery of the larynx, pharynx, or esophagus. Each patient completed a symptom data sheet, and we reviewed medical records to determine the main indication for each examination. Videofluoroscopy and static filming in frontal and lateral positions were done with 20-ml barium boluses. We then evaluated functional abnormalities and classified abnormal findings by type and severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We categorized patients by age into three groups: less than 40 years old (n=31), between 40 and 60 years old (n =42), and greater than 60 years old (n=37). We found a significant increase in the prevalence (23%, 36%, 57%, respectively) and severity of functional abnormalities of the pharynx in older patients (p < .05). Laryngeal penetration, aspiration, pharyngeal stasis, and cricopharyngeal bar were the main abnormalities found in the two older groups. However, we found no correlation between functional abnormalities of the pharynx and symptoms and indications (p > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional abnormalities of the pharynx increased in prevalence and severity with age. Often these findings were not related to specific pharyngeal symptoms and must be interpreted cautiously in older patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Grishaw
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gelfand
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D001466:Barium Sulfate