title: Immunocytochemical localization of aspartate and glutamate in the peripheral vestibular system.
abstract: Controversy exists concerning the identity of the neurotransmitter in the mammalian peripheral vestibular system. Several candidates have been proposed, including the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate and the inhibitory amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Previous studies have demonstrated vestibuloneural electrophysiological activity associated with glutamate and aspartate. Paraffin sections of rat vestibular ganglia and end-organs were examined for the presence of glutamate-like and aspartate-like immunoreactivity. Our results demonstrate the presence of both aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunoreactivity in vestibular hair cells, peripheral vestibular nerve fibers, and vestibular ganglion cells. Minimal immunoreactivity was noted in the tissues surrounding these cells. These data add support to the hypothesis that the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate are involved in vestibular neurotransmission.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7070, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Blythe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petrusz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prazma
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pillsbury
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018072:Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013136:Spiral Ganglion / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid