title: Clonality of tuberous sclerosis harmatomas shown by non-random X-chromosome inactivation.
abstract: Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant condition characterised by tumour-like malformations (hamartomas) in the brain and other organs. A proportion of hamartomas from patients with TSC show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for DNA markers in the region of either the TSC1 gene on chromosome 9q34 or the TSC2 gene on 16p13.3. This implies that these lesions are clonal. We have studied X-chromosome inactivation, as a marker of clonality, in 13 hamartomas from females with TSC. The hamartomas comprised five renal angiomyolipomas, three fibromas and seven other lesions. In previous studies, four of the lesions showed LOH. A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to analyse differential methylation of an HpaII restriction site adjacent to the androgen-receptor triplet-repeat polymorphism on Xq11-12. In 12 of the lesions, there was a skewed inactivation pattern with one X chromosome being fully methylated and the other unmethylated. Normal tissue showed a random pattern of inactivation. These data confirm that most TSC hamartomas are clonal in origin. This is an intriguing finding, since these lesions are composed of more than one cell type.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke's NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sepp
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Yates
mesh_terms: D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005350:Fibroma / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008745:Methylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics*; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII