title: Beta fibrinogen gene polymorphisms are associated with plasma fibrinogen and coronary artery disease in patients with myocardial infarction. The ECTIM Study. Etude Cas-Temoins sur l'Infarctus du Myocarde.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymorphisms of the beta fibrinogen gene have been shown to affect plasma fibrinogen levels and the risk of peripheral arterial disease. We now present the results of a detailed analysis of the beta fibrinogen gene in relation to plasma fibrinogen and to the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in the ECTIM Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten polymorphisms of the beta fibrinogen gene, including five new polymorphisms identified by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and one polymorphism in the 3' flanking region of the alpha fibrinogen gene were investigated in 565 patients with MI and 668 control subjects. The polymorphisms were in tight linkage disequilibrium and the genotype frequencies were similar in patients with MI and control subjects. In the multivariate analysis, only two polymorphisms, beta Hae III (P < .0003) and beta-854 (P < .01), were independently associated with plasma fibrinogen. The significant association between beta fibrinogen polymorphisms and plasma fibrinogen was present in smokers but not in nonsmokers. In French MI patients, the number of coronary arteries with > 50% stenosis was estimated by angiography and used as a criterion for severity of CAD. Presence of the less frequent allele of the beta Bcl I (P < .0003) and of other polymorphisms was positively associated with the severity of CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic variants of the beta fibrinogen gene are associated with an increased plasma level of fibrinogen, especially in smokers. The association with CAD appears to be the consequence of an increased risk of MI in subjects with severe CAD who carry the predisposing beta fibrinogen genotypes.
authors.affiliation: INSERM SC7, Paris, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Behague
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nicaud
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arveiler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luc
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cambou
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Scarabin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bara
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cambien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005340:Fibrinogen