title: Inhibition of receptor signaling to phospholipase D by Clostridium difficile toxin B. Role of Rho proteins.
abstract: Rho proteins have been reported to activate phospholipase D (PLD) in in vitro preparations. To examine the role of Rho proteins in receptor signaling to PLD, we studied the effect of Clostridium difficile toxin B, which glucosylates Rho proteins, on the regulation of PLD activity in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells stably expressing the m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). Toxin B treatment of HEK cells potently and efficiently blocked mAChR-stimulated PLD. In contrast, basal and phorbol ester-stimulated PLD activities were not or only slightly reduced. Cytochalasin B and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, mimicking the effect of toxin B on the actin cytoskeleton but without involving Rho proteins, had no effect on mAChR-stimulated PLD. Toxin B did not alter cell surface mAChR number and mAChR-stimulated binding of (guanosine 5'-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) to G proteins. In addition to mAChR-stimulated PLD, toxin B treatment also inhibited PLD activation by the direct G protein activators, AlF4- and GTP gamma S, studied in intact and permeabilized cells, respectively. Finally, C. botulinum C3 exoenzyme, which ADP-ribosylates Rho proteins, mimicked the inhibitory effect of toxin B on GTP gamma S-stimulated PLD activity. In conclusion, the data presented indicate that toxin B potently and selectively interferes with receptor coupling mechanisms to PLD, and furthermore suggest an essential role for Rho proteins in receptor signaling to PLD.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmacologie, Universität GH Essen, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rümenapp
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bienek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Eichel-Streiber
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jakobs
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D002460:Cell Line; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000494:pharmacology; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; C031815:toxB protein, Clostridium difficile; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; C063007:exoenzyme C3, Clostridium botulinum; D010739:Phospholipase D; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate