Concurrent cocaine withdrawal is associated with reduced severity of alcohol withdrawal.
The purpose of this study was to implement an empirical assessment of the clinical response to standard alcohol detoxification during withdrawal from both alcohol and cocaine. One hundred forty-nine males consecutively admitted in acute alcohol withdrawal to a hospital-based detoxification unit were studied. All subjects completed a 4-day chlordiazepoxide detoxification. Patients who used drugs other than cocaine were excluded. Fifty-five subjects withdrawing only from alcohol and 94 subjects withdrawing from both alcohol and cocaine, as evidenced by positive urinalysis and history, were studied. Both groups reported similar amounts of daily alcohol intake and had a similar age of onset of alcohol dependence. Parental alcoholism was equally frequent in both groups. Statistically, several variables were directly related to severity of alcohol withdrawal, including associated cocaine abuse, age, abnormal laboratory values, and duration of homelessness. As measured by the Alcohol Withdrawal Scale (AWS), alcohol withdrawal was less severe among cocaine users, not only at intake but throughout the 4-day detoxification. Singly addicted alcoholics were older and had longer drinking histories, more prior detoxifications, and more abnormal laboratory values than cocaine users. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between cocaine and severity of alcohol withdrawal. Cocaine users more frequently requested reductions in chlordiazepoxide dosages than singly addicted alcoholics, complaining of dysphoria, sedation, and weakness. The severity of alcohol withdrawal was associated with recent cocaine use, age, laboratory abnormalities, and duration of homelessness. Concurrent cocaine withdrawal in the sample was associated with reduced severity of alcohol withdrawal. Possible neurobiological mechanisms, as well as study limitations affecting interpretation of the findings, are discussed. Tailored detoxification as opposed to standard detoxification regimens may be more appropriate for the clinical management of combined alcohol-cocaine withdrawal.
Castaneda
R
R
Department of Psychiatry, New York University, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York 10016, USA.
Lifshutz
H
H
Westreich
L
L
Galanter
M
M
D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000628:therapy*; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003042:Cocaine; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide; D003042:Cocaine