title: Seminal fluid antisperm antibodies measured by direct flow cytometry do not correlate with those measured by indirect flow cytometry, the indirect immunobead test, and the indirect mixed antiglobulin reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the direct flow cytometric (FCM) measurement of sperm-bound antibodies with the indirect FCM measurement of unbound antisperm antibodies in seminal plasma of the same ejaculates. To compare the FCM measurements with the indirect mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) and the indirect immunobead test (IBT) performed on the same seminal plasmas.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital-based infertility service.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven infertile men with a positive immunoglobulin (Ig) G direct MAR test and antibody positivity on the direct FCM measurements. Four control patients with a negative IgG-direct MAR test.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportion of spermatozoa positive for IgG and IgA antibodies as measured by various tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The direct and indirect FCM measurements for sperm-bound antibodies from seminal plasma did not correlate with each other. In general, IgG antibodies were not detectable by indirect FCM whereas IgA were detected in lower proportions than by direct FCM measurements. Weak correlation was observed between the indirect FCM, indirect MAR, and indirect IBT measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly all of the IgG and some of the IgA antisperm antibodies in seminal fluid bind to spermatozoa. Thus, indirect tests to measure antisperm antibodies from seminal plasma are likely to miss the presence of antisperm IgG antibodies while detecting some cases of IgA antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saarikoski
mesh_terms: D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000276:immunology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G