title: Abundant expression of translation initiation factor EIF-4E in post-meiotic germ cells of the rat testis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF-4E is a key component in the regulation of translational efficiency of MRNAs and its increased expression may accelerate cell growth and division. EIF-4E has the potential to transform rat embryo fibroblast cells by cooperation with v-Myc or adenovirus E1A. Our previous study showed that a variety of tumor cells examined exhibited elevated levels of eIF-4E gene expression. Thus it is thought that overexpression of EIF-4E can result in aberrant growth and cell transformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  To characterize rat EIF-4E, a clone containing rat eIF-4E cDNA was isolated from a rat testis cDNA library by screening with a synthetic probe prepared by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Based on the conserved nucleotide sequences between mouse and human eIF-4E cDNA, two oligonucleotide primers for RT-PCR were synthesized chemically. The cloned cDNA was sequenced and used as a probe for analysis of the expression level of eIF-4E mRNA in normal, differentiated rat tissues by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization analysis with digoxigenin-labeled antisense eIF-4E RNA as a probe was carried out to identify the eIF-4E-expressing sites in rat tissues. In addition, to analyse the phosphorylation level of EIF-4E, the proteins were fractionated from rat tissues by affinity column chromatography followed by isoelectric focusing (IEF)-gel electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nucleotide sequence of the eIF-4E cDNA is highly conserved in human, rat, and mouse. Extraordinarily elevated expression, more than 50-fold compared with that in the adult rat prostate, of eIF-4E was observed in testicular germ cells of rats of reproductive age, which was much greater than that in any tumor cell lines examined so far. The amount of EIF-4E fractionated from the adult rat testis was approximately 10 times higher than that from the adult rat liver. At least half of the purified testicular EIF-4E proteins were phosphorylated, a ratio similar to that in other rat tissues such as liver. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that elevated expression of eIF-4E mRNA was mainly observed in post-meiotic germ cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Full activity of EIF-4E in translation requires the phosphorylation of the protein on a specific serine residue. Thus the elevated level of EIF-4E observed in the adult rat testis should be reflected in increase of the functional activity of EIF-4E. Based on the results of in situ hybridization analysis and characterization of EIF-4E, it was concluded that abundant EIF-4E in the testis may play an important role in spermatogenesis through translational regulation of stage-specific mRNAs during germ cell development.
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuchino
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger