title: Complications and failures of video-assisted thoracic surgery: experience from two centers in Asia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been few specific reports on negative outcomes after video-assisted thoracic surgery. We report our combined experience from two centers in Asia.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 1992 to April 1995, 1,337 patients were operated on with the video-assisted thoracic surgical approach. All the patients were prospectively studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one death (mortality rate, 0.07%) and 56 nonfatal complications: persistent air leaks (21), bleeding (6), wound infection (13), empyema (2), cerebrovascular accident (1), reexpansion pulmonary edema (2), deep vein thrombosis (1), prolonged ventilatory support (4), intercostal neuralgia (5), and port-site recurrence (1), giving rise to an overall nonfatal complication rate of 4.26%. Procedure failures consisted of 7 recurrences of spontaneous pneumothorax (of 407 cases or 1.7%); 2 recurrences of malignant pleural effusion (of 39 cases or 5.1%), and 2 local recurrences after resections for stage I lung cancers (of 41 cases or 4.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that video-assisted thoracic surgery is safe and effective for a wide range of procedures. A learning curve is present, and careful patient selection and attention to details are essential in optimizing surgical results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008477:Mediastinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013896:Thoracic Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D014743:Videotape Recording