title: Effects of marine 2-polyprenyl-1,4-hydroquinones on phospholipase A2 activity and some inflammatory responses.
abstract: Three 2-polyprenyl-1,4-hydroquinone derivatives (2-heptaprenyl-1,4-hydroquinone: IS1, 2-octaprenyl-1,4-hydroquinone: IS2 and 2-[24-hydroxy]-octaprenyl-1,4-hydroquinone: IS3) isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Ircinia spinosula, were evaluated for effects on phospholipase A2 activity of different origin (Naja naja venom, human recombinant synovial fluid and bee venom), as well as on human neutrophil function and mouse ear oedema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). IS1 interacted minimally with these responses. In contrast, IS2 and IS3 inhibited human recombinant synovial phospholipase A2 in a concentration-dependent manner, with minor effects on the rest of the enzymes. Both compounds slightly affected superoxide generation and degranulation in human neutrophils, whereas they decreased thromboxane B2 and leukotriene B4 synthesis and release in a mixed suspension of human platelets and neutrophils stimulated by ionophore A23187, with IC50 values in the microM range. IS3 was the most effective inhibitor of the synthesis of thromboxane B2 by human platelet microsomes and of leukotriene B4 by high speed supernatants from human neutrophils. IS2 and IS3 showed topical anti-inflammatory activity against the TPA-induced ear inflammation in mice, with similar effects on oedema and a higher inhibition of IS3 on leukocyte migration, estimated as myeloperoxidase activity in supernatants of ear homogenates. Some structure-activity relationships were established since differences in the prenylated chain attached to the hydroquinone moiety result in important modifications of these inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Terencio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Giulio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Payá
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008861:Microsomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D011161:Porifera / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006873:Hydroquinones; D013481:Superoxides; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate