title: Management of suspected neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially lethal form of drug-induced hyperthermia. The objective of this paper is to provide data regarding early and suspected cases as well as offer guidelines for managing this condition. Knowledge of suspected cases will lead to early recognition and prompt management of this condition in the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address the gap in knowledge, we present 2 case reports of patients with early NMS-like symptoms. The case reports are followed by a brief review of the literature on differential diagnoses, risk factors, early signs and treatment data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most rational approach to treating NMS entails a hierarchy of interventions determined by the severity and progression of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Psychiatry Program, Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario.
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Velamoor
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Swamy
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Caroff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003620:Dantrolene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009459:Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D003620:Dantrolene