title: Innervated liver plays an inhibitory role in regulation of food intake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the onset of eating, the associated rise of dopamine in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA-DA) is thought to regulate quantity of food consumed per meal. Early release of LHA-DA induced by eating is facilitated by oronasal stimulation; we propose that the subsequent LHA-DA response induced by nutrients in the portal vein is dampened by the innervated liver. This was tested by measuring LHA-DA in normal rats: during parenteral feeding to bypass oronasal stimulation, while eating during parenteral feeding, and while eating only.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats had either total liver denervation or sham operation, with placement of a jugular vein catheter and LHA-DA microdialysis cannula. After a 3-week recovery period total liver denervated rats were randomized to parenterally fed, food only, and parenteral plus food groups each with sham-operated controls in which LHA-DA was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference in LHA-DA release in food only groups occurred between total liver denervated or sham-operated rats. A significantly higher rise in LHA-DA was observed in total liver denervated versus sham-operated rats in parenterally fed (129% +/- 4% versus 116% +/- 2%; p < 0.05) and parenteral plus food (151% +/- 4% versus 134% +/- 4%; p < 0.05) groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In total liver denervation versus sham operation, an increase in LHA-DA release occurs during parenteral feeding and eating during parenteral feeding, suggesting that innervated liver inhibits LHA-DA release.
authors.affiliation: SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Meguid
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bellinger
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koseki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laviano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003714:Denervation; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005246:Feedback; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D007026:Hypothalamic Area, Lateral / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012016:Reference Values; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine