title: Relation of waist-hip ratio to glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and serum lipids in middle-aged Japanese males.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether waist-hip ratio (WHR) influences glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and serum lipids independently of body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  2,228 male self-defense officials aged 49-55 years in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMI, WHR, serum lipids, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and glucose tolerance status according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjustment was made for smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and inter-hospital variation in statistical analysis. Adjusted odds ratios of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were progressively increased with increasing levels of WHR, but not BMI. Both BMI and WHR were independently positively associated with impaired glucose tolerance to almost the same degree. Adjusted means of blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were almost linearly increased with increasing levels of both BMI and WHR, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was progressively decreased. Although the associations of BMI and WHR with blood pressure and serum lipids attenuated after mutual adjustment for each, BMI was less influenced by WHR than vice versa, except for triglycerides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WHR is an important contributor not only to NIDDM but also to impaired glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and serum lipids, although the associations of WHR with blood pressure and serum lipids were generally weaker than those of BMI, except for triglycerides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Todoroki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katsurada
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D001824:Body Constitution / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D005947:Glucose