title: Trypsin and forskolin decrease the sensitivity of L-type calcium current to inhibition by cytoplasmic free calcium in guinea pig heart muscle cells.
abstract: A key feature of trypsin action on ionic membrane currents including L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) is the removal of inactivation upon intracellular application. Here we report that trypsin also occludes the resting cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i)-induced inhibition of peak ICa in isolated guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes, using the whole-cell patch clamp in combination with the Fura-2 ratio-fluorescence technique. The effectiveness of trypsin to guard ICa against [Ca2+]i-induced inhibition was compared with that of forskolin, as cAMP-dependent phosphorylation had been suggested to confer protection against [Ca2+]i-induced inactivation. Intracellular dialysis of trypsin (1 mg/ml) augmented ICa by 7.2-fold, significantly larger than the threefold increase induced by forskolin (3 microM). Forskolin application after trypsin dialysis did not further enhance ICa. An increase in [Ca2+]i from resting levels (varied by 0.2, 10, and 40 mM EGTA dialysis) to submicromolar concentrations after replacement of external Na+ (Na(o)+) with tetraethylammonium (TEA+) resulted in monotonic inhibition of control ICa, elicited from a holding potential of -40 mV at 22 degrees C. AFter trypsin dialysis, however, ICa became less sensitive to submicromolar [Ca2+]i; the [Ca2+]i of half-maximal inhibition (K0.5, normally around 60 nM) increased by approximately 20-fold. Forskolin also increased the K0.5 by approximately threefold. These and accompanying kinetic data on ICa decay are compatible with a model in which it is assumed that Ca2+ channels can exist in two modes (a high open probability "willing" and a low open probability "reluctant" mode) that are in equilibrium with one another. An increase in [Ca2+]i places a larger fraction of channels in the reluctant mode. This interconversion is hindered by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation and becomes nearly impossible after tryptic digestion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pelzer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D014357:Trypsin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D005576:Colforsin; D014357:Trypsin; D002118:Calcium