title: Recognition of the highly conserved YMDD region in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes from an asymptomatic long-term nonprogressor.
abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is an important target for therapeutic intervention and for HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). An HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitope containing the sequence YMDD, which is highly conserved among human and animal retroviruses and essential for function of the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is identified. The drug resistance mutation at RT amino acid 184 (M184V), associated with (-)-2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (lamivudine), (-)-2'-deoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine (FTC), and dideoxyinosine resistance, is located within this epitope and abolishes recognition by an established CTL response. This study demonstrates that the CTL response may target functionally relevant regions of the RT protein and suggests drug therapy may select for viral variants with altered susceptibility to established cellular immune responses.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harrer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harrer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feinberg
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buchbinder
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016049:Didanosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D016047:Zalcitabine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D000939:Epitopes; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; D009842:Oligopeptides; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D019259:Lamivudine; D016047:Zalcitabine; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D016049:Didanosine; C007746:5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine