title: Salmonella typhimurium responses to a bactericidal protein from human neutrophils.
abstract: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein [BPI] is a cationic antimicrobial protein from neutrophils that specifically binds to the surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria via the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide. To obtain information about the responses of Salmonella typhimurium to cell-surface damage by BPI, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and N-terminal microsequencing were used to identify proteins that were induced or repressed following BPI treatment. The majority of the affected proteins are involved in central metabolic processes. Upon addition of BPI, the beta-subunit of the F1 portion of Escherichia coli ATP synthase was repressed threefold whereas six proteins were induced up to 11-fold. Three of the latter were identified as lipoamide dehydrogenase, enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, and the heat-shock protein HtpG. Additionally, a novel protein, BipA, was identified that is induced over sevenfold by BPI; sequence analysis suggests that it belongs to the GTPase superfamily and interacts with ribosomes. A conserved direct-repeat motif is present in the regulatory regions of several BPI-inducible genes, including the bipA gene. Only one of the BPI-responsive proteins was induced when cells were treated with polymyxin B, which also binds to lipid A. We therefore conclude that BPI and polymyxin B affect different global regulatory networks in S. typhimurium even though they bind with high affinity to the same cell-surface component.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szyroki
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moir
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001770:Blood Bactericidal Activity; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001798:Blood Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C021623:bactericidal permeability increasing protein; D011112:Polymyxin B