title: Correlation of lower esophageal mucosal ring and 24-h pH monitoring of the esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship of LEMR and gastroesophageal reflux. The pathogenesis of the lower esophageal mucosal ring (LEMR) is not known. The most likely theory is that the ring results from reflux esophagitis as part of the morphological spectrum of peptic stricture.
  
  
  METHODS
  We correlated barium esophagrams and 24-h pH monitoring (pHM) in 343 patients (173 women, 170 men; mean age 52 yr). Patients were categorized into three groups by radiographic findings: 1) normal esophagus (n = 121), 2) hiatal hernia (HH) only (n = 174), and 3) LEMR (n =48). Abnormal pHM was defined as a total percentage of the esophageal acid exposure time of 6% or more; abnormal pHM was also analyzed relative to patient position (supine vs. upright).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings showed that 21 (17%) of 121 normal patients had abnormal pHM compared with 58 (33%) of 174 patients with HH and 15 (31%) of 48 patients with LEMR. Normal patients had a significantly lower frequency of abnormal pHM (p < 0.01) vs. the other two groups; however, no significant difference in results of pHM was found in the groups with HH and LEMR. No significant relationships of abnormal supine versus upright pHM was observed comparing the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) Most patients in this study had normal pHM, regardless of the anatomic status of the esophagogastric region; 2) patients with HH and LEMR had a higher frequency of abnormal pHM, although the two groups were not significantly different; and 3) an etiological relationship of LEMR and gastroesophageal reflux was not supported, other than its association with HH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1088, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ledbetter
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Koufman
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gelfand
mesh_terms: D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors