title: Calcium waves in fluid flow stimulated osteoblasts are G protein mediated.
abstract: Calcium (Ca2+) entry upon cell perturbation has been examined in transformed human osteoblast cells (U-2/OS). The cells were deformed by fluid flow from a patch pipette held in proximity to the cell by applying a positive pressure (+50 mm Hg) for the passage of saline over the membrane. Intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i was examined following loading with 5 microM Fura-2 AM. The changes in ratio were determined at 330-ms intervals. Waves of [Ca2+]i were seen spreading along the length of the individual cell following stimulation (n = 30). The initial change in Ca2+ at the site of stimulation occurred within 660 ms after applying the stimulus. Following 1.3 (+/- 0.33) s of raised [Ca2+]i, the values returned to those of predeformation. The Ca2+ response following fluid flow stimulation was blocked by 300 microM Cd2+, a specific blocker of Ca2+ channels, demonstrating an extracellular source of Ca2+. Preincubation with cholera toxin (250 ng/ml for 6 h) prolonged the elevation of Ca2+ induced by fluid flow stimulation (n = 20). In contrast, pertussis toxin (250 ng/ml for 6 h) completely eliminated the Ca2+ response to fluid flow stimulation (n = 20). Cells maintained in solutions free of Ca2+ demonstrated no change in [Ca2+]i. Tetraethylammonium (6 mM) had no effect on the response (n = 10). In addition pretreatment with ryanodine (2 and 10 microM; each group n = 10) in media showed a reduced wave of Ca2+ in response to mechanical deformation. The response to a phospholipase C inhibitor also eliminated the response to the mechanical deformation (n = 10). In addition cells that demonstrated changes in Ca(2+)-containing media lost the ability to respond when EGTA was added to the media. Following this, 2 microM ryanodine was added to the cells, demonstrating a response too small to replicate the fluid flow stimulated wave, but supporting the view that the cells were vital following preincubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, UMDS, University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Somasundaram
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meikle
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D016257:Fura-2; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2