title: Phylogenetic resolution within the Elephantidae using fossil DNA sequence from the American mastodon (Mammut americanum) as an outgroup.
abstract: DNA was extracted from the extinct American mastodon, the extinct woolly mammoth, and the modern Asian and African elephants to test the traditional morphologically based phylogeny within Elephantidae. Phylogenetic analyses of the aligned sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b support a monophyletic Asian elephant-woolly mammoth clade when the American mastodon is used as an outgroup. Previous molecular studies were unable to resolve the relationships of the woolly mammoth, Asian elephant, and African elephant because the sequences appear to have evolved at heterogeneous rates and inappropriate outgroups were used for analysis. The results demonstrate the usefulness of fossil molecular data from appropriate sister taxa for resolving phylogenies of highly derived or early radiating lineages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Golenberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shoshani
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia; D001483:Base Sequence; D003573:Cytochrome b Group / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers; D004606:Elephants / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D005580:Fossils; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D003573:Cytochrome b Group; D017931:DNA Primers; D004247:DNA