Lactoferrin-lipopolysaccharide interaction: involvement of the 28-34 loop region of human lactoferrin in the high-affinity binding to Escherichia coli 055B5 lipopolysaccharide.
The ability of lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding glycoprotein that is also called lactotransferrin, to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be relevant to some of its biological properties. A knowledge of the LPS-binding site on Lf may help to explain the mechanism of its involvement in host defence. Our report reveals the presence of two Escherichia coli 055B5 LPS-binding sites on human Lf (hLf): a high-affinity binding site (Kd 3.6 +/- 1 nM) and a low-affinity binding site (Kd 390 +/- 20 nM). Bovine Lf (bLf), which shares about 70% amino acid sequence identity with hLf, exhibits the same behaviour towards LPS. Like hLf, bLf also contains a low- and a high-affinity LPS-binding site. The Kd value (4.5 +/- 2 nM) corresponding to the high-affinity binding site is similar to that obtained for hLf. Different LPS-binding sites for human serum transferrin have been suggested, as this protein, which is known to bind bacterial endotoxin, produced only 12% inhibition of hLf-LPS interaction. Binding and competitive binding experiments performed with the N-tryptic fragment (residues 4-283), the C-tryptic fragment (residues 284-692) and the N2-glycopeptide (residues 91-255) isolated from hLf have demonstrated that the high-affinity binding site is located in the N-terminal domain I of hLf, and the low-affinity binding site is present in the C-terminal lobe. The inhibition of hLf-LPS interaction by a synthetic octadecapeptide corresponding to residues 20-37 of hLf and lactoferricin B (residues 17-41), a proteolytic fragment from bLf, revealed the importance of the 28-34 loop region of hLf and the homologous region of bLf for LPS binding. Direct evidence that this amino acid sequence is involved in the high-affinity binding to LPS was demonstrated by assays carried out with EGS-loop hLf, a recombinant hLf mutated at residues 28-34.
Elass-Rochard
E
E
Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche du CNRS no. 111, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
Roseanu
A
A
Legrand
D
D
Trif
M
M
Salmon
V
V
Motas
C
C
Montreuil
J
J
Spik
G
G
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002417:Cattle; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007781:Lactoferrin; D014357:Trypsin