title: A comparative study of two methods for the measurement of alcohol consumption in the general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the major methodological problems in measuring alcohol consumption in a general population and in selected groups is underreporting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study is based on a general health questionnaire survey of a random sample of about 4000 adults aged 20-74 years in an inner-city area in each of two major Swedish cities in 1991. The questionnaire included items both about alcohol consumption frequency and the usual amount of intake--the commonly used quantity-frequency (QF) method--and other questions about the consumption during work-days and weekends during a 'normal week'--the period-specific normal week (PSNW) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a few exceptions, the reported mean consumption and the proportion of high consumers was higher with the latter approach, irrespective of sex, age, socio-demographic factors, smoking and health status, i.e. for variables which are commonly used as confounders or effect modifiers. The differences between the methods was greater among women. The internal non-response rate was higher with the PSNW method but the non-responders had a comparatively low consumption, when measured with the QF method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PSNW method has higher validity and greater precision for the measurement of alcohol consumption and, thus, is superior to the QF method. The sex differences are notable and warrant further studies focusing on sex-related modes of answering.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of International Health & Social Medicine, Sundbyberg, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romelsjö
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leifman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nyström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D015987:Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012107:Research Design; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology