title: Treatment of esophageal varices by endoscopic ligation in children.
abstract: Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is an alternative technique to endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) to treat esophageal varices. This method consists of mechanical ligature and thrombosis of varices using elastic rubber rings. During an 11-month period, nine pediatric patients with esophageal varices secondary to portal hypertension were treated by EVL. Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction was the cause of portal hypertension in 5 patients and in 4 cases the cause was intrahepatic disease. The average age of the patients was 8 years (range: 2-15). Five patients had bled from esophageal varices previously. Two were actively bleeding at the time of the procedure. Endoligature was performed prophylactically in four patients. Fifty varix ligations were performed in 26 separate sessions. In children older than ten years, EVL was performed under intravenous sedation. Two mild rebleeds have occurred in this group and responded to repeated ligature. Varices were reduced in grade in all patients. Six patients achieved variceal eradication. Recurrence of varices was not encountered. No major complications occurred and there were no treatment failures. These early results suggest that endoscopic ligation is a safe and effective method for the control of esophageal varices in children.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Urruzuno
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vilariño
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Benavent
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manzanares
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Berchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male