title: Pulmonary nodules in patients with a history of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nine patients with a history of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma underwent surgical removal of newly detected pulmonary nodules at the Hiroshima University Hospital. Six patients had metastatic lung tumors two patients had bronchogenic primary carcinomas and one had a granulomatous infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine if any characteristics can distinguish a new primary carcinoma from metastatic renal cell carcinoma, we reviewed the nine patients described above. The patients with pulmonary metastases and those with new primary lung cancers did not differ in age, sex, history of smoking, clinical stage and pathological findings of the renal primary site, on the location and size of the pulmonary nodules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only the interval between the nephrectomy and the appearance of the new pulmonary lesion may be a predictive factor. This interval was 48 and 51 months for the patients with new primary lung cancers but varied from 0 to 39 months for the patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A solitary nodule had an equal chance of being metastatic or primary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that a solitary nodule that is detected at a longer interval after radical nephrectomy may be a new primary lung cancer. Once new pulmonary nodules are identified in a patient with a history of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, surgical excision is required for a final diagnosis before initiating therapy for metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishiki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D013997:Time Factors