title: Effects of forage level and canola seed supplementation on site and extent of digestion of organic matter, carbohydrates, and energy by steers.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of fat supplementation from canola seed (CS) on ruminal fermentation and postruminal digestion of OM, carbohydrates, and energy of diets containing different levels of forage. Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated beef steers (354 kg +/- 18) were given ad libitum access to six isonitrogenous diets that were offered twice daily in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial with two forage levels (70 vs 30% of dietary DM as corn silage) and three forms of CS supplementation including no CS or CS added at 10% of dietary DM as whole CS treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide or untreated crushed CS. Fat from CS provided 5% of dietary DM. The remaining dietary ingredients were corn, canola meal, molasses, and urea. No interactions (P > .05) between dietary forage level and CS supplementation were observed for ruminal characteristics or digestion of OM, carbohydrates, and energy in the rumen, postruminally, or in the total tract. Fat supplementation from CS did not affect (P > .05) DMI. With few exceptions, fat supplementation did not affect (P > .05) ruminal, postruminal, or total tract digestibilities of OM, structural and nonstructural carbohydrates, and GE. Ruminal disappearance of GE was decreased (P < .05) when diets were supplemented with fat from whole treated CS, and total tract digestibilities of OM and GE were decreased (P < .05) when diets were supplemented with fat from CS in either form. Ruminal pH, concentrations of NH3 N and total VFA, and molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate were not affected (P > .05) by fat supplementation. Results suggest that fat supplementation from CS (at 5% of dietary DM) as whole treated or untreated crushed had no negative effects on ruminal fermentation of OM, carbohydrates, or energy when steers were given ad libitum access to diets containing high or low forage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Merchen
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fahey
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D001937:Brassica; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D005285:Fermentation; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008965:Molasses / Q000592:standards; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide