title: Cytokine gene expression in islets and thyroids of BB rats. IFN-gamma and IL-12p40 mRNA increase with age in both diabetic and insulin-treated nondiabetic BB rats.
abstract: Inflammatory cytokines, particularly those produced by Th1 type lymphocytes, are hypothesized to play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The present studies investigated this hypothesis in the BB rat. Diabetes-prone (DP) BB rats develop spontaneous hyperglycemia and thyroiditis. Coisogenic diabetes-resistant (DR) BB rats do not develop either disorder spontaneously, but both diseases are induced by depletion of RT6+ T cells. Reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to measure mRNA encoding type 1 and type 2 cytokines. In both DP and RT6-depleted DR rats, IFN-gamma mRNA was present in islets before and during disease onset. IL-2 and IL-4 mRNAs were minimal or undetectable in infiltrated islets but present in activated peripheral T cells. IL-10 mRNA was present at low abundance in infiltrating T cells. These observations suggested a Th1 type inflammatory response, and consistent with this interpretation, we observed that mRNA encoding the p40 chain of IL-12 was also present before and during disease onset. Similar cytokine mRNA profiles were observed in the thyroids of RT6-depleted DR rats and in the islets of DP rats treated with prophylactic parenteral insulin to prevent diabetes. We conclude that IFN-gamma and IL-12 may play a major role in the expression of insulitis and thyroiditis in the BB rat, that Th1 lymphocytes may predominate over Th2 lymphocytes in these inflammatory lesions, and that prevention of diabetes by insulin is not associated with an alteration in the cytokine gene profile of islet infiltrating cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01605, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zipris
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malkani
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mordes
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rossini
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D011913:Rats, Inbred BB; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013966:Thyroiditis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma