title: EJ-Ras inhibits phospholipase C gamma 1 but not actin polymerization induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
abstract: Transformation of fibroblast-like cells (NIH 3T3) by a constitutively activated GTP-bound isoform of p21ras (EJ-Ras) produces morphogenic changes characterized by decreased attachment to the substratum, with retraction and rounding of the cell body. Transformed fibroblasts lose their "stressed" conformation and adopt a "relaxed" morphology. The specific molecular mechanisms responsible for these changes remain uncharacterized. We found that EJ-Ras transformation of NIH 3T3 cells decreased the cellular content of polymerized actin, particularly at the expense of actin stress fibers, but induced the accumulation of actin filaments in peripheral ruffling membranes. Polymerization of actin could be induced in EJ-Ras-transformed cells by exposure to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB to an extent similar to that observed in wild-type NIH 3T3 cells. In EJ-Ras cells, actin polymerization was independent of phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC gamma 1) activity, because inositol tris-phosphate (IP3) production observed in control NIH 3T3 cells in response to PDGF-BB was absent. Although PDGF-BB did stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC gamma 1, the phospholipase was strongly inhibited by an inhibitory factor present in the cytoplasm of EJ-Ras-transformed cells. In addition, cytoplasmic extracts of EJ-Ras, but not of control cells, inhibited phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis catalyzed by a recombinant PLC gamma 1 in vitro. Although PIP2 hydrolysis could not contribute to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton induced by PDGF-BB in EJ-Ras-transformed cells, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) was necessary for actin polymerization. Wortmannin, a specific PI3-K inhibitor, not only blocked actin polymerization in both control and EJ-Ras-transformed cells but actually led to rapid actin depolymerization when these cells were exposed to PDGF-BB. Thus, in EJ-Ras-transformed cells, cell morphogenic changes in response to PDGF-BB rely importantly on PI3-K and can occur in the complete absence of IP3 production despite tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC gamma 1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md, USA.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Heldman
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kandzari
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Koblan
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt-Clermont
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D048429:Cell Size / Q000235:genetics; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D000077214:Becaplermin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)