title: Factors associated with improving success rates with gamete intrafallopian transfer under thin-needle spinal anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to reduce the risk of major anesthetic complications associated with laparoscopic gamete intrafallopian transfer procedures, we have exclusively used thin-needle spinal anesthesia over the years 1991 - 1994. This paper will review complication rates in order to further establish the safety profile of GIFT under thin-needle anesthesia and report the changes in our GIFT protocol from 1991 to 1994 which have been associated with a statistical improvement in the implantation rate from 11% to 23% (P = 0.01) and an increase in delivery rates from 29% to 42% per transfer procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight laparoscopic GIFT procedures were done in women with at least one patent oviduct and failure to respond to less invasive treatment. Clinical variables were analyzed to determine if similar patient populations had been treated over the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The improved delivery rates and implantation rates could not be explained by patient selection. No major perioperative complications occurred. Minor perioperative complications and difficulties included one patient requiring general anesthesia, one patient developing a spinal headache which could be managed conservatively at home, and one patient requiring a minilaparotomy to complete the GIFT procedure. The more serious complications occurred as a result of the superovulation and multiple oocyte transfer rather than the surgical or anesthetic technique. These included two patients with severe ovarian hyperstimulation requiring hospitalization, and five delivered triplet pregnancies. Factors associated with improving success rates included improvements in semen and equipment preparation as well as an increase in the number of sperm transferred from 200,000 to 500,000.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GIFT can be performed with relative safety under thin needle spinal anesthesia with high implantation and delivery rates if care is made to optimize sperm and equipment preparation. GIFT under thin-needle spinal anesthesia may be an attractive alternative for treatment of longstanding nontubal infertility in couples willing to take the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation and multiple pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gundersen/Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Meisch
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Meisch
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rooney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D015181:Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000628:therapy; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D012307:Risk Factors