title: Transesophageal color Doppler evaluation of obstructive lesions using the new "Quasar" technology.
abstract: Due to the unavoidable problem of aliasing, color flow signals from high blood flow velocities cannot be measured directly by conventional color Doppler. A new technology termed Quantitative Un-Aliased Speed Algorithm Recognition (Quasar) has been developed to overcome this limitation. Employing this technology, we used transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography to investigate whether the velocities detected by the Quasar would correlate with those obtained by continuous-wave Doppler both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, a 5.0 MHz transesophageal transducer of a Kontron Sigma 44 color Doppler flow system was used. Fourteen different peak velocities calculated and recorded by color Doppler-guided continuous-wave Doppler were randomly selected. In the clinical study, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was performed using the same transducer 18 adults (13 aortic valve stenosis, 2 aortic and 2 mitral stenosis, 2 hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and 1 mitral valve stenosis). Following each continuous-wave Doppler measurement, the Quasar was activated, and a small Quasar marker was placed in the brightest area of the color flow jet to obtain the maximum mean velocity readout. The maximum mean velocities measured by Quasar closely correlated with maximum peak velocities obtained by color flow guided continuous-wave Doppler in both in vitro (0.53 to 1.65 m/s, r = 0.99) and in vivo studies (1.50 to 6.01 m/s, r = 0.97). We conclude that the new Quasar technology can accurately measure high blood flow velocities during transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography. This technique has the potential of obviating the need for continuous-wave Doppler.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35233, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gatewood
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Cape
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Yoganathan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008961:Models, Structural; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional