title: Thyroid abnormalities in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study thyroid function in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and determine whether there are correlates of thyroid dysfunction with disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total and free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, thyrotropin, and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) were measured in 167 children with HIV infection (age, 1 to 19 years; mean, 9.15 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Free thyroxine was at or below the lower limit of normal (normal, 1.0 to 1.9 ng/dl) in 18% of the children; thyrotropin and TBG levels were above the normal range in 31% and 30%, respectively. There was an inverse correlation between CD4+ cell count and thyrotropin, and between CD4+ cell count and TBG. No correlation was found between thyroid function and other disease symptoms or medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that thyroid abnormalities occur more frequently in children with HIV infection than was previously reported, have a different profile from the thyroid abnormalities associated with other chronic disease conditions, and correlate with disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirschfeld
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laue
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pizzo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones