title: Analysis of cut points for screening instruments for alcohol problems in the emergency room.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a number of alcohol screening instruments (CAGE, Brief MAST, AUDIT, TWEAK), in an emergency room population, against ICD-10 criteria for harmful drinking and for alcohol dependence from the CIDI, by gender, race and injury status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A probability sample of patients were interviewed (N = 1,330) at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. Analyses were carried out on only current drinkers (n = 771; 58% of the sample). Instruments were compared on sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine optimum cut points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall the TWEAK and AUDIT performed best (in relation to sensitivity and area under the ROC curve) at standard cut points (3 and 8, respectively) for both harmful drinking and alcohol dependence. These instruments did not perform equally well across all subgroups, however, particularly among women, and among whites where the CAGE, with a cut point of 1, outperformed both the TWEAK and AUDIT at standard cut points. The TWEAK at a cut point of 2 also did as well as the CAGE at a cut point of 1 among women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that standard screening instruments do not perform equally well across ethnic and gender subgroups and that consideration of alternative cut points may be appropriate in some populations.
authors.affiliation: Western Consortium for Public Health, Alcohol Research Group, Berkeley, California 94709, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cherpitel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D008922:Mississippi / Q000453:epidemiology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology