title: Human peripheral mononuclear cells do not show proinflammatory patterns of cytokine transcription in early trauma: a preliminary report.
abstract: Injury has been hypothesized to cause inflammation through systemic release of lipopolysaccharide and pro-inflammatory cytokines, but this has proved difficult to demonstrate in humans. We looked for evidence of an inflammatory pattern of cytokine gene expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) in six polytraumatized patients (ISS = 25 +/- 8) upon ER admission, and in six matched healthy controls. PBM tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and interferon (IFN)-gamma message was assessed by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. No increase in expression of any of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 beta, or IL-6) was found after trauma, and IFN-gamma tended to decrease. Of the immunosuppressive cytokines, IL-10 expression increased 5-fold (p < .05) but no change in IL-4 was discerned. This pattern is fundamentally different from the cytokine expression patterns expected with sepsis or exposure to lipopolysaccharide. These findings are inconsistent with the occurrence of systemic endotoxemia and subsequent global immunocyte activation early after trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216-4505, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lagoo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lagoo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Poole
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10