title: A disposable, coated wire heparin sensor.
abstract: The development of an ion-selective electrode heparin sensor consisting of a specially formulated polymer membrane doped with tridodecylmethylammonium chloride as the heparin complexing agent was recently reported. Because of the simple nature of the membrane technology used, the authors envisioned that the sensor could be configured as a disposable single-use device for rapid clinical or bedside measurement of heparin in a small, discrete sample. To explore this possibility, an inexpensive, disposable heparin sensor was created by dip-coating a copper wire with the specially formulated heparin-sensing polymeric membrane. Coated wire heparin sensors with a broad range of membrane thicknesses, prepared by repeatedly dipping the wire in the membrane solution for various times, were examined. Data show that increasing the membrane thickness of the sensor to a certain degree (more than 10 microns) enhanced the sensor's potentiometric response to heparin, although the time required to achieve 90% of the steady-state potential change was also prolonged. In addition, increasing membrane thickness also magnified the stirring effect on the sensor's response. In undiluted plasma samples, the coated-wire sensor with an optimized membrane thickness yielded a significant (5 to 30 mV) and reproducible response to heparin in a clinically relevant concentration range (0.5 to 12 units/ml, respectively). The clinical utility of the coated wire heparin sensor was shown using the sensor during protamine titration of heparinized plasma to assess the titration end-point. Preliminary results showed that the titration end-points determined by the heparin sensor strongly correlated with those determined by the activated partial thromboplastin time clotting assay. The overall time requirement to complete the titration process using a set of prefabricated coated wire heparin sensors, however, was less than 3 minutes. Further titration studies using undiluted clinical whole blood samples are in progress.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Meyerhoff
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003300:Copper; D004566:Electrodes; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006493:Heparin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D011199:Potentiometry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
chemical_list: D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C009543:tridodecylmethylammonium; D003300:Copper; D006493:Heparin