title: Perioperative respiratory management with fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pediatric living-related liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative respiratory complications have been one of the largest obstacles to pediatric management of pediatric liver
  
  
  METHODS
  The roles of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in perioperative respiratory management of pediatric liver transplantation were studied retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a group of 162 children who underwent pediatric living-related liver transplantation, 44 underwent 222 bronchoscopic procedures for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes during the perioperative period. Major indications for bronchoscopy were atelectasis/retention of airway secretion (n = 27), pneumonia (n = 19), pulmonary edema (n = 8), airway stenosis (n = 7), and airway bleeding (n = 6). Visualization of the airway was helpful in diagnosing respiratory complications; in seven infants, bronchoscopy revealed tracheobronchial stenosis that other diagnostic modalities failed to detect. In 16 of 19 patients with pneumonia, specimens taken by bronchoscopy were positive for specific pathogens. Bronchoscopy also proved to have significant therapeutic value, especially in airway cleaning; bronchial suctioning resulted in immediate reexpansion of the collapsed lung in 16 of 20 cases of atelectasis. No complications were noted other than severe hypoxia and bradycardia in one infant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a safe and useful modality for perioperative respiratory management in pediatric liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000382:microbiology; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012119:Respiration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification