title: Activation of protein phosphatase 1. Formation of a metalloenzyme.
abstract: The recombinant catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 is produced as an inactive enzyme which can be activated by Mn2+ (Zhang, Z., Bai, G., Deans-Zirattu, S., Browner, M. F., and Lee, E. Y. C. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 1484-1490). In this report, we have investigated the effects of divalent cations on the activity of recombinant catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1. Latent phosphatase 1 can be activated by Co2+ or Mn2+, whereas other metal ions tested including Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, or Ni2+ were not effective or were only weakly effective in activating the enzyme. The Mn(2+)-stimulated activity was susceptible to inactivation by EDTA; however, the Co(2+)-activated phosphatase was stable after dilution and chelation of the Co2+ with excess EDTA. After stable activation of phosphatase 1 using 57Co2+, a stoichiometric amount of 57Co2+ was shown to be tightly bound to phosphatase 1. These findings demonstrate for the first time the generation of a stable metalloenzyme form of phosphatase 1. Fe2+ reversibly deactivated the Co(2+)-stimulated activity, but did not displace the bound Co2+. Interestingly, treatment of the enzyme with a combination of Fe2+ and Zn2+ (but not the individual metal ions) significantly activated phosphatase 1. These results suggest that at least two metal binding sites exist on the enzyme and that protein phosphatase 1 may be an iron/zinc metalloprotein in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Schlender
mesh_terms: D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1