title: A family planning intervention to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in Rwanda.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since contraception is an effective way of preventing the vertical transmission of HIV, we evaluated the impact of a family planning intervention on hormonal contraceptive use and incident pregnancy in a group of HIV-positive and HIV-negative urban Rwandan women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a longitudinal cohort study, 502 women who were not pregnant or infertile and who had been previously HIV tested and counseled viewed an informational video about hormonal contraception followed by a facilitated discussion. They were given access to oral or injectable hormonal contraception and Norplant at the research clinic; those who used these methods were seen every 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 330 HIV-positive and 172 HIV-negative women who underwent the intervention, 120 either became new hormonal method users (n = 40), continued their previous use of a hormonal method (n = 64), or switched to another hormonal method (n = 16) following the intervention. There was a shift to use of longer lasting hormonal methods, and the annualized attrition rate was < 15%, compared to > 50% prior to the intervention. Rates of oral and injectable contraceptive use were similar among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Nine per cent of HIV-positive women became pregnant in the year after the intervention compared to 22% in a prior 12 month period when contraceptives were not provided at the study site. The corresponding proportions for HIV-negative women were 20% after the intervention versus 30% before the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Access to and information about hormonal contraceptives resulted in increased use and reduced attrition among both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in this study. The reduction in incident pregnancy was greatest among HIV-positive women, suggesting that factors other than access to hormonal contraceptives may have influenced fertility outcomes. Knowledge of HIV serostatus may have an important influence on family planning decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Estey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kegeles
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serufilira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D003906:Developing Countries; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012432:Rwanda; D014505:Urban Population