title: Histological characteristics of radical prostatectomy specimens in men with a serum prostate specific antigen of 4 ng./ml or less.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Of most reported radical prostatectomy series 20% consist of men with a serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 4.0 ng./ml. or less. Since our series is not only prospective but all prostates are reconstructed at 3 mm. intervals, we determined the clinical and histological findings in this important subset of men undergoing radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 911 consecutive men undergoing radical prostatectomy 187 (21%) had a preoperative serum PSA of 4.0 ng./ml. or less (values equivalent to those of the Hybritech Tandem-R assay).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean tumor volume was 2.3 cc. Of the 187 cancers 156 (83%) were in the peripheral zone and 31 (17%) in the transition zone, while 137 (73%) were organ-confined and 50 (27%) showed capsular penetration. No patient had positive pelvic lymph nodes, only 5 had seminal vesicle invasion and positive surgical margins were present in 14%. Cancer volumes less than 0.5 cc were noted in 9% of the patients and were probably insignificant. At an average followup of 37 months, only 16 men (9%) had a detectable serum PSA. These 16 patients had a larger tumor volume (3.7 cc versus 2.2 cc, p < 0.05), and a greater percent of Gleason grade 4 and/or 5 disease than the 171 with undetectable PSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with prostate cancer and a serum PSA of 4.0 ng./ml. or less are excellent candidates for radical prostatectomy if the 9% with clinically insignificant tumors can be avoided. Since 70% of all men had a suspicious prostate on digital rectal examination, this evaluation is important for men with a serum PSA of 4.0 ng./ml. or less.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5118, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noldus
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Stamey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen