title: Antiproliferative effects of low-dose micronized progesterone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the pharmacodynamic effects of oral micronized P on endometrial maturation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a controlled, open, parallel group, pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiment was performed in an outpatient academic clinical research unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy, P-challenged, estrogen-primed, postmenopausal women participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were given 300 mg micronized P daily (8:00 A.M.) or twice (8:00 A.M. and 4:00 P.M.) daily from study days 1 through 14 after estrogen priming for 30 days. Blood samples were taken at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hours after the 8:00 A.M. dose on study day 1 and 14 and again at 8:00 and 9:30 A.M. on days 3 and 5 fasting, days 7 and 9 after a fatty meal, and day 11 after a high fiber meal. Endometrial biopsies were taken on day 1 and 14.
  
  
  METHODS
  Progesterone concentrations were measured. Endometrial biopsies were studied for effects on histology, glycogen content of glands, ribosomal RNA, and nuclear estrogen receptors in glands, surface epithelium, and stroma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Day 1 and 14 P kinetics were similar for 8 hours. Dose-dependent increases in glandular glycogen, decrease in ribosomal RNA, and decrease in nuclear estrogen receptors were demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral micronized P can induce antiproliferative changes in the human endometrium at doses lower than those required for transformation of the endometrium to a full secretory state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wilborn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foldesy
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Snipes
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hodgen
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D012313:RNA