title: The international validation study of the acute toxic class method (oral).
abstract: An alternative to the oral LD50 test, the acute toxic class (ATC) method (oral), was validated with 20 substances in an international collaborative study with nine laboratories in five countries. The ATC method is a stepwise procedure with the use of three animals per step. It has been designed with three fixed doses (25, 200 and 2000 mg/kg). In general, this testing is sufficient for allocation to the toxicity classes of the majority of the international classification systems currently in use. The selection of testing at additional fixed doses (5, 50 and 500 mg/kg) may be considered if further refinement is necessary or for specific allocation to those international classification systems with a cut-off value of 5 mg/kg. On average, two to four steps are necessary to complete a test. With the ATC method substances can be ranked in a similar or even better manner than with an LD50 test but it uses up to 90% fewer animals, the average being 70% fewer. This also results in substantially fewer moribund/dead animals. The ATC method is based on biometric evaluations that, together with the experimental results, demonstrate that this method is a sensitive and reliable alternative to the LD50 test.
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Chemikalienbewertung, Bundesinstitut für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinärmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schlede
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mischke
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kayser
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D010575:Pesticides / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D010575:Pesticides