title: Comparative evaluation of macrodilution and alamar colorimetric microdilution broth methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast isolates.
abstract: A comparative evaluation of the macrodilution method and the Alamar colorimetric method for the susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine was conducted with 134 pathogenic yeasts. The clinical isolates included 28 Candida albicans, 17 Candida tropicalis, 15 Candida parapsilosis, 12 Candida krusei, 10 Candida lusitaniae, 9 Candida guilliermondii, 18 Torulopsis glabrata, and 25 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates. The macrodilution method was performed and interpreted according to the recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (document M27-P), and the Alamar colorimetric method was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. For the Alamar colorimetric method, MICs were determined at 24 and 48 h of incubation for Candida species and T. glabrata and at 48 and 72 h of incubation for C. neoformans. The overall agreement within +/- 1 dilution for Candida species and T. glabrata against the three antifungal agents was generally good, with the values for amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine being 85.3, 77.9, and 86.2%, respectively, at the 24-h readings and 69.3, 65.2, and 97.2%, respectively, at the 48-h readings. Most disagreement was noted with fluconazole against C. tropicalis and T. glabrata. Our studies indicate that determination of MICs at 24 h by the Alamar colorimetric method is a valid alternate method for testing amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine against Candida species but not for testing fluconazole against C. tropicalis and T. glabrata. For flucytosine, much better agreement can be demonstrated against Candida species and T. glabrata at the 48-h readings by the Alamar method. Excellent agreement within +/- dilution can also be observed for amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine (80, 96, and 96%, respectively) against c. neoformans when the MICs were determined at 72 h by the Alamar method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7750, USA.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Fothergill
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods*; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013045:Species Specificity; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole; D005437:Flucytosine