title: Immunosuppressive retroviral peptides: cAMP and cytokine patterns.
abstract: The mechanism(s) by which retroviral proteins exert immunosuppressive influences has remained enigmatic. Here, Soichi Haraguchi, Robert Good and Noorbibi Day propose that induction of intracellular cAMP by a synthetic, immunosuppressive, retroviral envelope peptide causes a shift in the cytokine balance, leading to suppression of cell-mediated immunity by upregulation of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and downregulation of IL-2, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production. This may be a crucial step towards generation of immune dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Pediatrics, All Children's Hospital, University of South Florida College of Medicine, St Petersburg 33701, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Day
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000032:analysis*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D000242:Cyclic AMP