title: Cyclosporin A does not reverse clinical resistance to paclitaxel in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclosporin A has been shown to reverse paclitaxel resistance in vitro by inhibiting P-gp function. Therefore, we determined whether addition of cyclosporine to paclitaxel reversed clinical paclitaxel resistance in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with relapsed NHL were eligible if they had no intervening treatment after failure to respond to paclitaxel (200 mg/m2 over 3 hours), and if they had adequate marrow, renal, and hepatic function, no serious cardiac disease, no CNS involvement, and no antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus-1. A cyclosporin A bolus dose (5 mg/kg over 3 hours) was followed by intravenous infusion (15 mg/kg) over 24 hours. Six hours after the beginning of cyclosporin A, the immediately preceding paclitaxel dose was administered over 3 hours. All patients were premedicated with dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine. Response was assessed after two cycles, and those patients who achieved at least a partial response received a maximum of six courses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 26 patients entered were assessable for toxicity and 25 were assessable for response. One patient whose disease had progressed during paclitaxel treatment had a partial remission after the addition of cyclosporin A (response rate, 4%; 95% confidence interval, 1% to 20%). Disease progressed in 17 patients (71%) and did not respond in seven (25%). Serum cyclosporin A A levels measured at the time of initiation of paclitaxel infusion were greater than 2,000 ng/mL during 81% of cycles. Treatment toxicity included peripheral neuropathy in 57%, myalgia or arthralgia in 30%, neutropenia in 53%, neutropenic fever in 8%, and thrombocytopenia in 42% of patients. One patient with preexisting asthma had an acute bronchospasm during the first cycle and was removed from the study. There were no renal or hepatic toxicity and no infectious or hemorrhagic deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclosporin A administered on this schedule did not reverse established clinical resistance to paclitaxel, which suggests that P-gp-mediated drug efflux is unlikely to be the only cause of paclitaxel resistance in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sarris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Younes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hagemeister
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: North
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Callendar
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mesina
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cabanillas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011431:Dextropropoxyphene / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011292:Premedication; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002927:Cimetidine; D016572:Cyclosporine; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D017239:Paclitaxel; D011431:Dextropropoxyphene