title: Dose-response, time-course of action and recovery of rocuronium bromide in children during halothane anaesthesia.
abstract: Two groups of children, aged 1-4 years (n = 28) and 5-10 years (n = 28), respectively, received at random one of four doses of rocuronium (0.12, 0.17, 0.22 or 0.27 mg kg-1). When maximum block was obtained, further rocuronium to a total dose of 0.5 mg kg-1 was given. At a spontaneous T1 recovery of 25% the block was reversed with atropine and neostigmine in half the patients. The remainder were allowed to recover spontaneously. There was no difference in potency in the two age groups. An ED50 of 0.2 mg kg-1 was estimated. The estimates of ED50 were model-dependent of approximately 0.32 mg kg-1. The maximum block was found significantly higher in the younger age group (99.0 +/- 1.5% (mean +/- SD)) as compared to the older group (97.5 +/- 2.3%), and the clinical duration was also longer (16.6 +/- 5.3 min vs. 13.3 +/- 3.8 min), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two age groups in duration90 (26.9 +/- 6.5 min, 22.5 +/- 6.7 min, respectively) and duration0.7 (27.6 +/- 6.0 min, 24.9 +/- 7.9 min, respectively). Recovery time25-75, recovery time25-90, but not recovery time25-0.7 were found significantly longer in the 1-4 year group as compared to the times in older children. Neostigmine administration reduced recovery time by approximately half to two-thirds. MAP was not influenced by rocuronium. Following the injection of rocuronium in the younger age group there was a 15% increase in heart rate compared to a 10% increase in the age group 5-10 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Motsch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leuwer
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Böttiger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schönstedt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000732:Androstanols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000758:Anesthesia; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077123:Rocuronium; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D009388:Neostigmine; D006221:Halothane; D000077123:Rocuronium