title: MEK1 and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases are required for the stimulation of IL-2 gene transcription in T cells.
abstract: TCR engagement stimulates the activation of the protein kinase Raf-1. Active Raf-1 phosphorylates and activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1 (MEK1), which in turn phosphorylates and activates the MAP kinases/extracellular signal regulated kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Raf-1 activity promotes IL-2 production in activated T lymphocytes. Therefore, we sought to determine whether MEK1 and ERK activities also stimulate IL-2 gene transcription. Expression of constitutively active Raf-1 or MEK1 in Jurkat T cells enhanced the stimulation of IL-2 promoter-driven transcription stimulated by a calcium ionophore and PMA, and together with a calcium ionophore the expression of each protein was sufficient to stimulate NF-AT activity. Expression of MEK1-interfering mutants inhibited the stimulation of IL-2 promoter-driven transcription and blocked the ability of constitutively active Ras and Raf-1 to costimulate NF-AT activity with a calcium ionophore. Expression of the MAP kinase-specific phosphatase, MKP-1, which blocks ERK activation, inhibited IL-2 promoter and NF-AT-driven transcription stimulated by a calcium ionophore and PMA, and in addition, MKP-1 neutralized the transcriptional enhancement caused by active Raf-1 and MEK1 expression. We conclude that the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway consisting of Raf-1, MEK1, and ERK1 and ERK2 functions in the stimulation IL-2 gene transcription in activated T lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 73535, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Whitehurst
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Geppert
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015759:Ionomycin; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; C482125:MAP2K1 protein, human; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; C517019:DUSP1 protein, human; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate