title: Magnetic resonance imaging of tuberculous spondylitis.
abstract: METHODS
  This retrospective study analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of tuberculous spondylitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of tuberculous spondylitis and compare the diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance imaging versus other modalities.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Tuberculous spondylitis is not an uncommon occurrence with extrapulmonary disease. It requires prompt diagnosis and management. In the pre-magnetic resonance imaging era, computed tomography was used to delineate the associated radiologic changes. Data are limited that describe the magnetic resonance imaging pattern of tuberculous spondylitis and the effect of post-contrast enhancement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of 28 vertebrae in 12 patients with tuberculous spondylitis were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The thoracic spine was the most commonly involved region, with involvement occurring in the thoracic spine alone in 12 vertebrae (43%) and with other areas of the spine in an additional five (18%). Partial involvement was detected in the majority of the vertebral lesions (24; 86%). Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of disc space involvement was apparent in only 46% of the lesions. Paraspinal abscess and epidural extension were documented by magnetic resonance imaging in 71% and 61% of lesions, respectively. Decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images was demonstrated in 13 vertebrae (46%), with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images seen only in five (18%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful diagnostic modality for patients with suspected tuberculous spondylitis. Partial vertebral involvement and paraspinal and epidural extension were delineated. Study of the signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images revealed a pattern that may be dissimilar to that commonly reported. Post-contrast enhancement adds more certainty to the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: al-Mulhim
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: el-Hassan
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Moharram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000473:pathology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013166:Spondylitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D014399:Tuberculosis, Spinal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology