title: Locally produced tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates interleukin-2-induced lung injury.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-2-induced microvascular lung injury is an experimental paradigm commonly used to investigate the pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Since tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is known to induce such an injury in vivo and since TNF-alpha is involved in other models of lung injury, we postulated that it might also mediate pulmonary toxicity after IL-2 administration. The present study tested this hypothesis by evaluating the effect of TNF-alpha inhibition on IL-2-induced lung injury in the rat. Recombinant human IL-2 (10(6) U IV per rat, n = 6) elevated lung water, myeloperoxidase activity, and protein accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and induced tissue hypoxia. Also, IL-2 enhanced lung tissue TNF-alpha mRNA and peptide (1543 +/- 496 pg/g lung wet weight) localized to alveolar macrophages by in situ hybridization. In marked contrast, IL-2 failed to affect serum TNF-alpha, which remained at undetectable levels. Pretreatment with anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody (25 mg/kg IV, n = 7) or the TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor rolipram (200 micrograms/kg IV, n = 7) attenuated lung injury and reverted tissue hypoxia. Furthermore, TNF-alpha inhibition prevented the upregulation of lung tissue IL-1 beta, IL-6, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, and E-selectin (ELAM-1) but not intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNAs in response to IL-2. These data imply that locally produced TNF-alpha mediates IL-2-induced lung inflammation and tissue injury and point to the potential utilization of TNF-alpha inhibitors in treating the pulmonary toxicity of IL-2 immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa 19107-5083, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabinovici
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whiteford
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borboroglu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Phillip
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ovadia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bobroski
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bagasra
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Neville
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020889:Rolipram; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020889:Rolipram