title: Short report: prevalence of hepatitis C viral antibody among Brazilian children, adolescents, and street youths.
abstract: The prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV) was investigated in 1,378 central Brazilian children, students, and street youths (homeless adolescents without family links or adolescents working in poorly paid activities). Sera were tested with a second generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and positive samples were retested by a confirmatory assay (line immunoassay). All children attending day care centers were anti-HCV negative. Only one (0.2%) adolescent was positive in the student group. However, higher positivity was found in street youths; four (1.0%) living at home and three (3.0%) living in the streets and anti-HCV antibodies. Among these, the prevalence of anti-HCV increased significantly with age from 0% in the 9-12-year-old group to 6.9% in the 17-20-year-old group. Risk factors including blood transfusion, tattooing, intravenous drug use, and sexual intercourse with multiple partners were significantly associated with the presence of anti-HCV in street youths. These results indicate that apparently healthy children and adolescents attending day care centers or primary schools in central Brazil have a low exposure to HCV infection, but street youths in the same area are at risk for infection with this virus.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: B O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Vanderborght
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Rouzere
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D018453:Homeless Youth / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies