title: Combination therapy with metoprolol and nifedipine versus monotherapy in patients with stable angina pectoris. Results of the International Multicenter Angina Exercise (IMAGE) Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate whether combination therapy with metoprolol and nifedipine provides a greater anti-ischemic effect than does monotherapy in individual patients with stable angina pectoris.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Combination therapy with a beta-adrenergic blocking agent (which reduces myocardial oxygen consumption) and a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (which increases coronary blood flow) is a logical approach to the treatment of stable angina pectoris. However, it is not clear whether, in individual patients, this combined therapy is more effective than monotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty patients with stable angina pectoris were enrolled in a double-blind trial in 25 European centers. Patients were randomized (week 0) to metoprolol (controlled release, 200 mg once daily) or nifedipine (Retard, 20 mg twice daily) for 6 weeks; placebo or the alternative drug was then added for a further 4 weeks. Exercise tests were performed at weeks 0, 6 and 10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 6, both metoprolol and nifedipine increased the mean exercise time to 1-mm ST segment depression in comparison with week 0 (both p < 0.01); metoprolol was more effective than nifedipine (p < 0.05). At week 10, the groups randomized to combination therapy had a further increase in time to 1-mm ST segment depression (p < 0.05 vs. placebo). Analysis of the results in individual patients revealed that 7 (11%) of 63 patients adding nifedipine to metoprolol and 17 (29%) of 59 patients (p < 0.0001) adding metoprolol to nifedipine showed an increase in exercise tolerance that was greater than the 90th percentile of the distribution of the changes observed in the corresponding monotherapy + placebo groups. However, among these patients, an additive effect was observed only in 1 (14%) of the 7 patients treated with metoprolol + nifedipine and in 4 (24%) of the 17 treated with nifedipine + metoprolol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean additive anti-ischemic effect shown by combination therapy with metoprolol and nifedipine in patients with stable angina pectoris is not the result of an additive effect in individual patients. Rather, it may be attributed to the recruitment by the second drug of patients not responding to monotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Seconda Divisione Cardiologica, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savonitto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ardissiono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egstrup
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omland
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schjelderup-Mathiesen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marraccini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wahlqvist
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Merlini
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rehnqvist
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D008790:Metoprolol; D009543:Nifedipine