title: Evaluation of sampling sites for detection of upper respiratory tract carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae among healthy Filipino infants.
abstract: Two sampling techniques, nasal swabbing and oropharyngeal swabbing, for detection of the upper respiratory tract carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were studied prospectively with 296 healthy Filipino infants at various ages: 6 to 8, 10 to 12, 14 to 17, 18 to 22, 32 to 39, and 46 to 65 weeks. In all age groups S. pneumoniae was isolated significantly more often (P < 0.0001) from the nasal site than from the oropharyngeal site. H. influenzae was found equally often at both sites.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manilla, Philippines.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Capeding
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nohynek
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Sombrero
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sunico
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Esparar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruutu
mesh_terms: D002353:Carrier State / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013383:Suburban Population