title: Molecular definition of red cell Rh haplotypes by tightly linked SphI RFLPs.
abstract: The Rh blood group system of human red cells contains five major antigens D, C/c, and E/e (the latter four designated "non-D") that are specified by eight gene complexes known as Rh haplotypes. In this paper, we report on the mapping of RH locus and identification of a set of SphI RFLPs that are tightly linked with the Rh structural genes. Using exon-specific probes, we have localized the SphI cleavage sites resulting in these DNA markers and derived a comprehensive map for the RH locus. It was found that the SphI fragments encompassing exons 4-7 of the Rh genes occur in four banding patterns or frameworks that correspond to the distribution and segregation of the common Rh haplotypes. This linkage disequilibrium allowed a genotype-phenotype correlation and direct determination of Rh zygosity related to the Rh-positive or Rh-negative status (D/D, D/d, and d/d). Studies on the occurrence of SphI RFLPs in a number of rare Rh variants indicated that Rh phenotypic diversity has taken place on different haplotype backgrounds and has arisen by diverse genetic mechanisms. The molecular definition of Rh haplotypes by SphI RFLP frameworks should provide a useful procedure for genetic counseling and prenatal assessment of Rh alloimmunization.
authors.affiliation: Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coghlan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okubo
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005091:Exons; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics; D012016:Reference Values; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; C046184:endodeoxyribonuclease PaeI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific