title: Sources of PCDD/PCDF and impact on the environment.
abstract: PCDD/PCDF can be formed in a variety of industrial and thermal processes. Especially the combustion sources contribute to the ambient air levels. In addition to the well-investigated emissions from municipal waste incinerators dioxins were measured in the flue gases of other thermal emitters. It was found that some recycling plants can emit high concentrations of PCDD/PCDF. Ambient air concentrations monitored over several years have shown a clear seasonal trend with higher PCDD/PCDF levels in winter and lower concentrations during summer. Thus, results from short-term measurements cannot be used to calculate annual means for ambient air concentrations or deposition rates. Dioxins, once concentrated in sewage sludge and compost can re-enter the environment when these "reservoirs" are applied onto agricultural and horticultural soils.
authors.affiliation: University of Bayreuth, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fiedler
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D002617:Chemical Industry; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005858:Germany; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D017745:Incineration; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012722:Sewage; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012722:Sewage; D012989:Soil Pollutants