title: Fanconi anemia genes act to suppress a cross-linker-inducible p53-independent apoptosis pathway in lymphoblastoid cell lines.
abstract: Hypersensitivity to cross-linking agents such as mitomycin C (MMC) is characteristic of cells from patients suffering from the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. Fanconi anemia (FA). Here, we link MMC hypersensitivity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized FA lymphoblasts to a high susceptibility for apoptosis and p53 activation. In MMC-treated FA cells belonging to complementation group C (FA-C), apoptosis followed cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. In stably transfected FA-C cells, plasmid-driven expression of the wild-type cytoplasmic FAC protein relieved MMC-dependent G2 arrest and suppressed p53 activation. However, in both FA and non-FA lymphoblasts, p53 seemed not to be instrumental in the induction of MMC-dependent apoptosis, since overexpression of a dominant-negative p53 mutant failed to affect cell survival. In addition, no differences in the level of Bcl-2 expression, an inhibitor of apoptosis, were detected between FA and non-FA cells either in the absence or presence of MMC. Our findings suggest that FAC and the other putative FA gene products may function in a yet to be identified p53-independent apoptosis pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Kruyt
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dijkmans
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joenje
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005199:Fanconi Anemia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D052218:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C Protein; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497651:FANCC protein, human; D052218:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C Protein; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D016685:Mitomycin