title: Early metabolic treatment after liver transplant: amino acid tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the amino acid (AA) tolerance during Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) in adult patients undergone liver transplant (LTX).
  
  
  METHODS
  The treatment (Glucose and AA), induced on the 2nd postoperative day, was later maintained with 27 kcal/kg Ideal Body Weight (IBW) as glucose and 0.12 (12 patients: protocol #1), 0.18 (10 patients: protocol #2) and 0.25 g nitrogen (N)/kg IBW (13 patients: protocol #3) till end of the 6th postoperative day. The N intake was sequentially modified in protocol #2 and #3 to increase the supply of the amino acid (AA) that resulted in an infusion plasma level below the expected "normal" range (between 1 and 1.6 times the overnight fasting plasma level of volunteer).
  
  
  METHODS
  35 consecutive adult patients without diabetes and organ failures for the entire study period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma AA profile was measured before LTX and at the last TPN day under continuous infusion. During #1 and #2 protocol, many AA resulted below or at the lower range of the norm while, during 0.25 gN/kg IBW infusion, the majority of the administered AA significantly increased with respect to reference values. Nevertheless, they remained in the "normal" plasma range indicating that they were supplied in an optimal amount (particularly the aromatic and sulphurated ones, potentially toxic if liver function is impaired, and the branched chain AA (BCAA) given at consistent dosage: 0.5 g/kg). Arginine resulted significantly increased (Arg: 1.9 times the reference) and cystine (Cys: 0.45), serine (Ser: 0.8) and taurine (Tau: 0.85) remained significantly lower than "normal" as well as the not administered citrulline (Cit: 0.58) and alfa amino butyric acid (Aba: 0.41). The AA (and calorie) load almost balanced the N losses during the 5th (0.411 +/- 0.038) and 6th study day (0.305 +/- 0.019 gN/kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  0.25 gN/kg could be considered the minimum N load in the uncomplicated adult LTX recipients, for reassuring a balanced plasma AA pattern and body N turnover in the early postoperative phase.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Anestesiologia e Rianimazione dell'Università, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iapichino
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radrizzani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonetti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Codazzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gridelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ronzoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savioli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids