title: Do growth-retarded premature infants have different rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality than appropriately grown premature infants?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if perinatal morbidity and mortality differ in growth-retarded, small for gestational age (SGA), premature infants and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive, singleton, nondiabetic, preterm pregnancies delivered over a 15-year period were analyzed. Infants were categorized as SGA (at or below the tenth percentile) or AGA (11th to the 89th percentiles), then stratified by birth weight and gestational age categories. Perinatal morbidity and mortality were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 4183 preterm deliveries, 1012 of them SGA and 3171 of them AGA. Overall, we found significantly higher rates of fetal and neonatal death in the SGA group. Stratification by gestational age revealed significantly higher rates of neonatal death for the SGA group compared with the AGA group in each gestational age category. Overall, comparison also revealed significantly higher rates of fetal heart rate abnormality in the SGA group but no difference in neonatal sepsis, birth trauma, cesarean delivery, hyaline membrane disease, or congenital anomalies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth-retarded premature infants have a significantly higher risk of morbidity and mortality, both before and after delivery, than do appropriately grown infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Piper
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Xenakis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Berkus
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000150:complications*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007234:Infant, Premature; D016015:Logistic Models; D009017:Morbidity; D016017:Odds Ratio