title: Ixodid tick salivary gland extracts inhibit production of lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA of several different human cytokines.
abstract: Extracts prepared from the salivary glands (SGE) of partially fed adult female Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks reduced the expression by human peripheral blood leukocytes 9PBLs) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokine mRNA. Treatment with SGE had no obvious effect on cytokine mRNA production when compared with untreated PBLs. LPS treatment induced or increased mRNA production for IFN alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and IL-8. All the LPS-stimulated cytokine mRNAs were reduced when treated with a mixture of LPS and SGE. The results indicate the potential of ticks in modulating the cytokine network of their vertebrate hosts, possibly to facilitate blood feeding.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fuchsberger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hajnicka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labuda
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nuttall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012469:Salivary Glands; D013987:Ticks / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger