title: The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. XIV: Plasma lipid peroxide and serum vitamin E levels in patients with and without tardive dyskinesia, and in normal subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tardive dyskinesia (TD) may be mediated through free radical damage to neurons. Plasma lipid peroxide levels are a measure of radical damage to fats. Vitamin E is a free radical scavenger.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-eight schizophrenic patients were examined for TD using the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale. Blood samples were taken to measure plasma lipid peroxide, serum vitamin E and cholesterol, and vitamin E:cholesterol ratios. Twenty-four patients were also examined in October 1993, January 1994, and April 1994. Biochemical results were compared in 81 patients and 79 normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with and without TD did not differ in median plasma lipid peroxide and serum vitamin E levels, or vitamin E:cholesterol ratios. Correlations between seasonal change scores in TD and biochemical measurements were low. Lipid peroxide levels were higher and vitamin E:cholesterol ratios lower in patients than in normal subjects. Vitamin E levels were lowest in in-patients and in those living in supported accommodation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results do not support the hypothesis that TD is mediated through free radical damage to neurons, but suggest increased free radical activity in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: McCreadie
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wiles
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Paterson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005609:Free Radicals; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology*; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012606:Scotland; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D005609:Free Radicals; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D014810:Vitamin E; D002784:Cholesterol