title: Clinical disorders observed in anteaters (Myrmecophagidae, Edentata) in captivity.
abstract: The major health problems found in 103 captive lesser anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) and giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), family Myrmecophagidae, are presented and correlated with management. The most common of 200 recorded clinical disorders involved the digestive system (26%), nutritional deficiency (20%), injury (15.5%), respiratory system (10%), skin (7%) and circulatory system (4.5%), but 13% of the cases were inconclusive. Parasites were identified in 48.5% of faecal samples, mainly the eggs of nematodes (40%), of which the commonest were Trichuris spp (28%) and Strongyloides spp (11%); protozoa (16%), of which the commonest were Eimeria spp (10%), Entamoeba spp (5%) and Giardia spp (1%); and cestodes (8%) and acanthocephalids (1%). Bacteria cultured from the various materials included Salmonella enteritidis, S. cholerasuis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus spp and Staphylococcus spp. The ectoparasites found were Amblyomma spp and Otodectis spp (Arthropoda, Acaridae).
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos da Vida Silvestre-IPEVS, Coordenação de Programa de Medicina Veterinária, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004751:Enteritis / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000662:veterinary; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D010271:Parasites / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000662:veterinary; D004490:Xenarthra / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents