title: Long-term effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy and lithium therapy on depression in the elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examine the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) as an adjuvant to acute physical treatment and lithium maintenance therapy in reducing depression severity over a follow-up year in elderly depressed patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consists of three phases. During the acute treatment and continuation phase, 17 of 31 patients received CBT as an adjuvant to treatment as usual. During the maintenance phase of 1 year, subjects were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of low-dose lithium therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Receiving adjuvant CBT significantly reduced patients' scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression during the follow-up year (repeated measures analyses of variance; P = 0.007). No significant differences were found between lithium and placebo maintenance therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBT can be adapted as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of severely depressed elderly patients and reduces depression severity during follow-up. The prophylactic failure of long-term lithium therapy may be explained through poor compliance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Ageing, University of Liverpool.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abou-Saleh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Copeland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008094:Lithium