title: Determinants of early and late results of combined valve operations and coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Factors determining the outcome of operative correction of valvular abnormalities combined with coronary artery bypass grafting are still incompletely defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Determinants of early and late (more than 90 days) deaths and event-free survival were studied for combined valve operations and coronary artery bypass grafting in 741 patients using multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-day survival probability was 89% (95% confidence interval, 87% to 92%). Preoperative risk factors for early death were age, female sex, renal failure, New York Heart Association class IV or V, and mitral insufficiency. The operative risk factor was the duration of aortic cross-clamping. Five- and 10-year survival probabilities were 74% (95% confidence interval, 71% to 78%) and 43% (95% confidence interval, 36% to 50%), respectively. Preoperative risk factors for late death were age, preoperative renal failure, New York Heart Association class IV or V, vessel disease, and nonsinus rhythm. Five- and 10-year event-free survival probabilities were 57% (95% confidence interval, 53% to 61%) and 23% (95% confidence interval, 17% to 28%), respectively. Preoperative risk factors for non-event-free survival were age, female sex, reduced left ventricular function, mitral regurgitation, and pacemaker rhythm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The demographic factors of age and female sex; the comorbid condition of renal failure; the cardiac conditions of advanced New York Heart Association class, left ventricular function, mitral regurgitation, vessel disease, and cardiac rhythm; and the operative condition of ischemia time are the most important predictors of clinical outcome after combined valve operations and coronary artery bypass grafting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Flameng
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herijgers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szécsi
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Sergeant
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Daenen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scheys
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D008013:Lidoflazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011292:Premedication; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000601:surgery; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D008013:Lidoflazine