title: Attenuation of cardiopulmonary bypass-derived inflammatory reactions reduces myocardial reperfusion injury in cardiac operations.
abstract: In cardiac operations endopeptidase (protease) inhibitor may be beneficial in reducing myocardial injury when administered in the cardiopulmonary bypass prime. Nafamostat mesilate was evaluated in 20 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The patients were divided into a control group (n = 10) and a nafamostat group (n = 10). Nafamostat (2 mg/kg per hour) was continuously given during cardiopulmonary bypass in the nafamostat group. The age, number of grafts, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and aortic crossclamp time were similar between groups. In the control group, neither tumor necrosis factor-alpha nor interleukin-1 levels showed any significant change during cardiopulmonary bypass, whereas interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels, percent expression of adhesion molecule (CD18) on neutrophils, and CH50 assay results increased significantly during cardiopulmonary bypass. As compared with the control group, the nafamostat group showed significantly lower levels of interleukin-6 (123 +/- 57 versus 40 +/- 22 pg/ml, respectively) and interleukin-8 (96 +/- 13 versus 66 +/- 14 pg/ml, respectively). The nafamostat group showed a significantly lower difference of CH50 assay results and malondialdehyde levels between coronary sinus blood and arterial blood and peak values of creatine kinase MB (43 +/- 12 IU/L versus 19 +/- 6 IU/L) during the postoperative course compared with findings in the control group. These results demonstrated that inflammatory reactions induced by cardiopulmonary bypass had adverse effects on myocardial recovery after aortic crossclamping and that nafamostat mesilate given during cardiopulmonary bypass appeared to reduce myocardial reperfusion injury by attenuating such inflammatory reactions. Attenuation of inflammatory reactions of cardiopulmonary bypass should be considered in the strategy of myocardial protection.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadoba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D001550:Benzamidines; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015941:Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001550:Benzamidines; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D006146:Guanidines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007527:Isoenzymes; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005341:Fibrinolysin; C032855:nafamostat