title: Surgical management of renal cell cancer with extension into the vena cava: usefulness of intra-operative sonography.
abstract: Intracaval tumour extension represents a significant surgical problem in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Although pre-operative imaging techniques provide sufficient visualization for the planning of the majority of operative procedures, intra-operative ultrasound is nonetheless beneficial in some cases. In 3 patients, the procedure has given an accurate evaluation of the extent of the tumour thrombus. It has allowed safe placement of instruments which had lessened the risk of thrombus dislodgement. Intra-operative sonography is simple to perform and can be considered a valuable new adjunct in the evaluation and management of renal cell carcinoma with intracaval tumour extension. New technological advances may eventually improve the quality of intra-operative imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semjonow
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Ahlen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oberpenning
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Piechota
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hertle
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology