title: Ulcerated haemangioma successfully treated with interferon alfa-2b and topical granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested whether healing and regression could be promoted by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon in a 6-month-old girl with an ulcerated haemangioma resistant to systemic steroid therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interferon alfa-2b (Introna, Schering-Plough) was given subcutaneously once daily at a dose of 3 million units/m2 for 5.5 months and rhGM-CSF (Molgramostim, Leucomax; Sandoz/Schering-Plough) 3.33 units was applied on the wound surfaces once and concomitantly with the initiation of interferon therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ulcer healed completely within 1 month and the haemangioma almost totally regressed within 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local application of rhGM-CSF appears to be effective in promoting ulcer healing in an ulcerated haemangioma otherwise responding to interferon treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics GGK, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Illum
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karlsmark
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Svejgaard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ullman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yssing
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012074:Remission Induction; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000628:therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D011241:Prednisone