title: The urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) in embryo-fetal bone formation in the human: an immunohistochemical study.
abstract: The role of urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human embryo-fetal bone formation between the 9th and the 20th week of gestation has been studied immunohistochemically. While mature osteocytes of the secondary spongiosa and resting chondrocytes of the bone epiphyses were negative for both antigens in each developmental stage, metabolically active parts of the osseocartilaginous system showed a strong immunoreactivity. Until the end of the 10th week of gestation urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 could not be demonstrated in the shaft of the preexisting cartilaginous models of bones, which correlates with the morphological developmental stage of the embryos. Later, osteoblasts and chondrocytes in the areas of enchondral ossification, and the perivascular chondrocytes of the epiphyseal secondary ossification centres, showed similarly high concentrations of urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Moreover, the individual ossification stages of the different bones in embryo-fetal development could be demonstrated immunohistochemically. While humeri and femora showed diaphyseal immunoreactivities at an early stage, positive reactions in the phalanges were found only much later. Thus, the enzymes of the fibrinolytic system studied are clearly involved in the desmal and enchondral ossification process in the osseocartilaginous compartment.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pathologie, Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Häckel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Radig
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Röse
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roessner
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000196:embryology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000737:chemistry; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010521:Periosteum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012886:Skull / Q000196:embryology; D013909:Thorax / Q000196:embryology; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator