title: Regulation of human decidual cell macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) production by inflammatory cytokines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation of human gestational tissues is a key pathophysiologic event in the genesis of infection-associated preterm labor. Human gestational tissues produce several inflammatory cytokines after stimulation with bacterial products. These include interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), and IL-6. Another class of cytokines includes chemokines of the "C-C" subclassification such as macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha). The purpose of this study was to determine whether cultured human decidual cells produce MIP-1 alpha in response to other inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various concentrations of IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, IL-6, and IL-4 were incubated with confluent monolayer cultures of decidual cells isolated from normal term placentae for 16 h at 37 degrees C, and MIP-1 alpha concentrations in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that incubation of decidual cells with IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, and IL-4 resulted in significant concentration-dependent increases in MIP-1 alpha production. IL-6 had no effect on MIP-1 alpha production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data are the first to show that human decidual cells in culture produce MIP-1 alpha in response to other inflammatory cytokines. We suggest that decidual cell production of MIP-1 alpha is an important early event in the pathophysiology of infection-associated preterm labor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edwin
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D003656:Decidua / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D015846:Monokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D015846:Monokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4