title: Cellular targets of infection and route of viral dissemination after an intravaginal inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus into rhesus macaques.
abstract: We used the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/rhesus macaque model to study events that underlie sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Four female rhesus macaques were inoculated intravaginally with SIVmac251, and then killed 2, 5, 7, and 9 d later. A technique that detected polymerase chain reaction-amplified SIV in situ showed that the first cellular targets for SIV were in the lamina propria of the cervicovaginal mucosa, immediately subjacent to the epithelium. Phenotypic and localization studies demonstrated that many of the infected cells were likely to be dendritic cells. Within 2 d of inoculation, infected cells were identified in the paracortex and subcapsular sinus of the draining internal iliac lymph nodes. Subsequently, systemic dissemination of SIV was rapid, since culturable virus was detectable in the blood by day 5. From these results, we present a model for mucosal transmission of SIV and HIV-1.
authors.affiliation: Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Spira
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koup
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001344:Autopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D001483:Base Sequence; D002459:Cell Fusion; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000821:virology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D015497:HIV-1; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000821:virology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology*