title: Different gonadotropin and leuprorelin ovulation induction regimens markedly affect follicular fluid hormone levels and folliculogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the endocrine mechanisms underlying the outcome of different ovulation induction regimens with gonadotropins and GnRH agonists (GnRH-a).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproductive Endocrinology Center, University of Bologna.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty eumenorrheic women randomly assigned to four groups of 10 subjects each.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovulation induction regimens: group A, purified FSH only; group B, purified FSH and flare-up GnRH-a; group C, purified FSH and long GnRH-a; and group D, hMG and long GnRH-a.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pelvic ultrasound and hormone levels in daily serum samples and in follicular fluid drawn immediately before hCG administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exogenous gonadotropin dose did not differ among groups. Group B had fewer preovulatory follicles than group C. Group B had higher serum LH, FSH, E2, P, T, and follicular fluid LH, E2, T, and alpha-inhibin than groups C and/or D. Groups C and D did not differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long GnRH-a regimens improved follicle yield and the endocrine milieu in spite of comparable exogenous gonadotropin dose and lower serum FSH and thus appear to be preferable in assisted reproduction. Reduced folliculogenesis found in flare-up GnRH-a regimens could be mediated by the atretic effects of high intraovarian androgens. Efficacy of purified FSH and hMG was comparable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filicori
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flamigni
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Cognigni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falbo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arnone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calderoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brondelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis*; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008596:Menotropins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D006062:Gonadotropins; D008596:Menotropins; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D016729:Leuprolide