title: Quantitative assessment of daily physical activity levels in patients with chronic heart failure by measuring energy expenditure--effects of converting enzyme inhibitor therapy.
abstract: Although a major goal in the treatment of chronic heart failure is to improve daily physical activity levels, this has not been assessed quantitatively. An increased daily activity level may be reflected by an increase in daily energy expenditure. In the present study, measurements of energy expenditure with a commercially available ambulatory calorimeter were first validated using cardio-pulmonary exercise tests in 5 normal volunteers. The energy expenditure measured by the calorimeter correlated well with that estimated from oxygen uptake (r = 0.89). Subsequently, the daily energy expenditure was serially measured with the calorimeter during long-term administration of the converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril for 24 weeks in 8 patients with chronic heart failure. Changes in echocardiographic parameters and exercise capacity were also studied. Peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold assessed with symptom-limited maximal bicycle exercise were significantly increased 12 weeks or more after the initiation of treatment (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). Left ventricular fractional shortening substantially, but not significantly, increased during this period (P < 0.1). These results strongly suggest that an overall improvement in heart failure was achieved after long-term ramipril therapy. The energy expenditure during daily activities was also significantly increased after ramipril therapy for 24 weeks (P < 0.01). Thus, the daily energy expenditure increased with improvement of heart failure, probably reflecting an increase in daily activity levels. We conclude that calorimetric measurement of daily energy expenditure is a novel and simple technique for quantitative evaluation of the effect of therapy on daily physical activity levels in patients with chronic heart failure.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsube
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamada
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002151:Calorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004452:Echocardiography; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005080:Exercise Test; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D005082:Physical Exertion; D017257:Ramipril / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D017257:Ramipril