title: HPV type 16 in conjunctival and junctional papilloma, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of papilloma, dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell epithelioma arising from the eyelids, including the tunica conjunctiva palpebrum (conjunctiva), its junction to epidemis of eyelid skin (junction), and eyelid skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen cases of papilloma, four of dysplasia, four of squamous cell carcinoma, and 12 of basal cell epithelioma were examined using formalin fixed and paraffin embedded samples. Detection of HPV-DNA was performed by PCR-RFLP and in situ hybridisation (ISH) methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV-16 was detected in 12/16 papillomas (75%), 2/4 dysplasias (50%), and 1/4 squamous cell carcinomas (25%) but in none of the basal cell epitheliomas. No other HPV subtypes were found. ISH assay showed positive signals in only two cases of dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. The mean age of HPV-16 positive dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma cases (81.7 years) was significantly higher than that of HPV-16 positive papilloma cases (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the presence of HPV-16 in both benign and malignant lesions and the age distribution, it seems likely that HPV-16 alone may be incapable of causing development of conjunctival and junctional dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma, and that any correlation between the papilloma-squamous cell carcinoma sequence and HPV infection may be due to rare events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saegusa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okayasu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shiga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000821:virology*; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005142:Eyelid Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010212:Papilloma / Q000821:virology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral