title: Prostate-specific membrane antigen is a hydrolase with substrate and pharmacologic characteristics of a neuropeptidase.
abstract: This report demonstrates that the investigational prostatic carcinoma marker known as the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) possesses hydrolytic activity with the substrate and pharmacologic properties of the N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase). NAALADase is a membrane hydrolase that has been characterized in the mammalian nervous system on the basis of its catabolism of the neuropeptide N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) to yield glutamate and N-acetylaspartate and that has been hypothesized to influence glutamatergic signaling processes. The immunoscreening of a rat brain cDNA expression library with anti-NAALADase antisera identified a 1428-base partial cDNA that shares 86% sequence identity with 1428 bases of the human PSM cDNA [Israeli, R. S., Powell, C. T., Fair, W. R. & Heston, W.D.W. (1993) Cancer Res. 53, 227-230]. A cDNA containing the entire PSM open reading frame was subsequently isolated by reverse transcription-PCR from the PSM-positive prostate carcinoma cell line LNCaP. Transient transfection of this cDNA into two NAALADase-negative cell lines conferred NAAG-hydrolyzing activity that was inhibited by the NAALADase inhibitors quisqualic acid and beta-NAAG. Thus we demonstrate a PSM-encoded function and identify a NAALADase-encoding cDNA. Northern analyses identify at least six transcripts that are variably expressed in NAALADase-positive but not in NAALADase-negative rat tissues and human cell lines; therefore, PSM and/or related molecular species appear to account for NAAG hydrolysis in the nervous system. These results also raise questions about the role of PSM in both normal and pathologic prostate epithelial-cell function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Charlestown 02129, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Coyle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004150:Dipeptidases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D015723:Gene Library; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004151:Dipeptides; D009479:Neuropeptides; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; C027172:isospaglumic acid; D004150:Dipeptidases; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II