title: Choline substitution for sodium triggers glutamate and adenosine release from rat hippocampal slices.
abstract: Substituting choline for sodium resulted in an extracellularly recorded transient depolarization and increased efflux of glutamate and adenosine from rat hippocampal slices. The depolarization was blocked by a combination of NMDA and non-NMDA antagonists, MK-801 (10 microM) and 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX, 50 microM). Adenosine release was blocked by MK-801 alone. These data suggest that glutamate released as a result of the sodium removal acts at NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors to trigger the depolarization and acts at NMDA receptors to trigger adenosine release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002794:Choline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C056723:FG 9041; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D012964:Sodium; D000241:Adenosine; D002794:Choline