title: Detection of disseminated lung cancer cells in lymph nodes: impact on staging and prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A major reason for the high incidence of tumor recurrences in patients with apparently resectable non-small cell lung cancer is presumably early tumor cell dissemination, which is clearly underestimated by current staging procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study we assessed the frequency and prognostic significance of early lymphatic tumor cell spread to regional lymph nodes staged as tumor free by conventional histopathology by applying an immunohistochemical assay using monoclonal antibody Ber-Ep4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ber-Ep4 positive cells were demonstrated in 27 (21.6%) of 125 patients and in 35 (6.2%) of 565 lymph nodes, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis resulted in an up-staging in 24 of 27 patients. In patients previously staged as having pN0 disease, tumor cells were detected in 11/70 cases (15.7%). Univariate and multivariate survival analysis showed that the detection of minimal nodal tumor cell dissemination was associated with a reduced disease-free survival (log rank test, p = 0.0001; Cox regression model, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of immunohistochemistry enables one to identify many patients with regional tumor cell dissemination at the time of operation. These patients might benefit from an adjuvant therapeutic regimen.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital Gauting, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Passlick
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Izbicki
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kubuschok
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Thetter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pantel
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006023:Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins