title: Cost-effectiveness of detecting and treating diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine, from the health insurer's perspective, the cost of preventing vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus through ophthalmologic screening and treatment and to calculate the cost-effectiveness of these interventions as compared with that of other medical interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer modeling, incorporating data from population-based epidemiologic studies and multicenter clinical trials. Monte Carlo simulation was used, combined with sensitivity analysis and present value analysis of cost savings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening and treatment of eye disease in patients with diabetes mellitus costs $3190 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved. This average cost is a weighted average (based on prevalence disease) of the cost-effectiveness of detecting and treating diabetic eye disease in those with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ($1996 per QALY), those with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who use insulin for glycemic control ($2933 per QALY), and those with NIDDM who do not use insulin for glycemic control ($3530 per QALY).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis indicates that prevention programs aimed at improving eye care for diabetic persons not only result in substantial federal budgetary savings but are highly cost-effective health investments for society. Ophthalmologic screening for diabetic persons is more cost-effective than many routinely provided health interventions. Because diabetic eye disease is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among working-age Americans, these results support the widespread use of screening and treatment for diabetic eye disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sight, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Javitt
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Aiello
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics; D006278:Medicare; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015397:Program Evaluation; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D014481:United States