title: Generalized immune activation in pulmonary tuberculosis: co-activation with HIV infection.
abstract: Parameters of immune activation/differentiation were studied in a group of newly diagnosed HIV- and HIV+ pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients. Compared with controls, HLA-DR expression on both CD4 and CD8 T cells from the HIV- TB patients was approximately doubled; HLA-DR on T cells from the HIV+ group was tripled. The monocytes from both groups of patients expressed abnormally high levels of the Fc gamma receptors I and III. Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin were increased in HIV- and even more so in HIV+ TB patients. The expression of HLA-DR on T cell subsets and of Fc gamma R on monocytes correlated with each other, but not with serum activation markers. This pattern of non-specific activation during TB infection may be associated with enhanced susceptibility to HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanham
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hom
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Toossi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huebner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kestens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gigase
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ellner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D015415:Biomarkers; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D011961:Receptors, Fc