title: Force enhancement of skeletal muscle used for dynamic cardiomyoplasty and as a skeletal muscle ventricle.
abstract: Some patients with pre end-stage congestive heart disease do not receive a significant hemodynamic benefit from dynamic cardiomyoplasty because, during prolonged preoperative immobilization, their latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) becomes extremely weak. It is the authors' hypothesis that the local administration of an anabolic steroid into an electrically stimulated LDM will produce a thicker and stronger muscle with significant resistance to fatigue. The electrical stimulation training protocol of sheep continued for 8 weeks. For localized anabolic steroid administration an osmotic pump was placed in a subcutaneous pocket and the catheter was introduced into the LDM. The contractile force of electrically stimulated and unstimulated control muscle was studied. Control data were calculated as 100% and all other data were corrected to control. After 4 weeks there was no decrease in contractile force. The change seen was from 88 to 100% with different preloads (10, 15, and 20 g/kg) and amplitudes of impulses (5 and 10 V). After 8 weeks, the LDM was more powerful than before electrical stimulation, with a change of 97-133%. Usually after 8 weeks of electrical stimulation alone, contractile force decreases to 70-75%. During a fatigue test (30 min, 100 bursts per minute, 10-25 Hz, ripple frequency, 10 V impulse amplitude) after 4 and 8 weeks of our protocol, the LDM lost only 12% of its initial force, whereas control muscle lost 40%. Thus local anabolic steroid administration makes the LDM stronger and more useful for cardiomyoplasty.
authors.affiliation: Milwaukee Heart Project, Sinai Samaritan Medical Center, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Milwaukee 53201-0342, USA.
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Chekanov
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Tchekanov
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rieder
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Silverstein
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Zander
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McConchie
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018421:Cardiomyoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009277:Nandrolone; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate