title: Testicular cancer in association with developmental renal anomalies and hypospadias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the clinical, pathologic, and genetic aspects of patients with a previously undescribed phenotype of testicular germ cell tumors associated with renal hypoplasia or agenesis and urethral hypospadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of clinical and pathologic findings and genetic analysis of constitutional and tumor DNA for mutations of the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical findings suggest that this phenotype is distinct from other syndromes associated with renal anomalies and that the associated testicular tumors are histologically and clinically similar to those that occur sporadically. No karyotypic abnormalities, loss of heterozygosity, or mutations in the zinc finger domains (exons 7-10) of WT1 were observed in 5 patients with this phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phenotype of testicular germ cell tumor, developmental renal anomalies, and urethral hypospadias constitutes a discrete syndrome caused by a gene distinct from WT1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Rackley
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018237:Germinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D007621:Karyotyping; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics