title: [Tumor markers as prognostic factors in non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerations of different therapeutic approaches require a realistic estimation of the prognosis. The usefulness of tumor markers as prognostic indicators was evaluated by means of a multivariate analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 300 patients who had been irradiated for their primary tumor were analysed retrospectively. The serum concentrations of CEA, SCCA, NSE, and LDH were available before treatment and 3 months thereafter in a sufficient number of cases. The prognostic factors for survival and progression-free survival resulting from univariate tests were further evaluated by a Cox-proportional-hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of the particular tumor markers were pathologically elevated in 25 to 36.5% of the cases. Their values correlated with the stage of the disease and separately the N-stage too. A normalization of increased marker levels after irradiation occurred in 37.5 to 67% of the cases. Survival of patients with increased pretherapeutic values of CEA, SCCA, and LDH was significantly worse compared to those with normal values. In the case of a post-therapeutic return to normal levels, prognosis was significantly better than for those where the elevation persisted. However, after inclusion of all other parameters in multivariate analysis the tumor markers were meaningless. Karnofsky-performance status, total dose of radiotherapy, stage of the disease, and weight-loss evolved as independent prognostic factors for survival. For progression-free survival only stage of the disease was important. All subgroup analyses (restriction on patients with favorable prognosis) showed the same results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A prognostic importance of NSE could not be demonstrated. CEA, SCCA, and LDH were univariate predictors for survival and progression-free survival. But they proved to be dependent on the stage of the disease and were not confirmed as independent variables in the Cox-model. Their importance during the follow-up is diminished by the frequent lack of therapeutic approaches in the case of disease progression. Certainly a more favorable prognosis in case of a post-therapeutic normalization of previously elevated values was found.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Strahlentherapie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nieder
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nestle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ukena
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niewald
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Sybrecht
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schnabel
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
vernacular_title: Tumormarker als Prognosefaktoren beim nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom.