title: [Hygienic aspects with regard to nursing of home care patients with AIDS, chronic diseases and mental handicaps].
abstract: A human handicap is defined as a broad, hard and long lasting restriction of the mental development and the social integration. Groups of handicapped persons can be divided into mentally, psychologically, physically, sensory (blind, deaf) handicapped as well as into multiple disabled and chronically sick persons and those in need of care (old). New groups with demands for aid are among others people suffering from AIDS, psychologically sick (old) and people getting old as well as mentally, physically und multiple handicapped persons, people suffering from cancer, severely ill and dying people. For all handicapped people should be demanded the possibility of living almost normal lives. For all persons directly concerned as well as their families such a normal life should include: the right of self-determination and autonomy, the demand for complex styles of living and nearby care/support, the providing of respective infrastructures such as barrier free living and access to public institutions, access to public transport and homes fitting for handicapped persons, the demand for out-patient treatment by a complex range of various possibilities of support and finally, the providing of alternative forms of living in contrast to the traditional way of life of handicapped people like families or homes. Three important living areas can be derived from these ideas, namely: living conditions, education/professional and working field, social life/social environment. These important living areas require preventive measures, mainly advice and information centres, places to go early recognition and early promotion of handicapped people and those in risk of a handicap (especially children) as well as medical, professional and social rehabilitation or integration. Concerning the spectrum of support, aid and care in the homely area up to now already exists a variety of offers by out-patient services (information services, social units, mobile support services/organized neighbourhood assistance, individual care of severely sick persons, food services, laundry services, social psychiatric services for chronic mentally sick persons, cancer advice/care, hospital aid, care of persons suffering from AIDS, family relieving services for family members of mentally disabled persons, supervised living) partial treatment of indoor-patients such as daily care units, daily nursing or daily clinics others like nursing families, living communities, short-time care/accommodation, homes for sick people. Moving forces of these offers are mainly charitable organizations such as organisation of social welfare and churches. Besides, aid for handicapped people is also realized by state and local community authorities (Social Welfare and Public Health Department) and private initiatives. In spite of these offers there exist numerous problems und gaps. With regard to the problems one should mention predominantly the financing of measures, specific problems concerning the home care of persons (among others, asking for help too late, less preventive orientation of the services, low orientation of the services with regard to the needs of the handicapped persons and their families, few coordination or cooperation among the services, nursing crisis, few persons engaged in community services) as well as problems in the field of living and living environment (non existence of handicapped-fit or specially furnished homes, lacking infrastructure, public transport not sufficiently equipped for handicapped people, practices of physicians, pharmacies or shops not accessible for handicapped persons). Gaps in the offers are among others the long-time care, crisis intervention/emergencies particularly for singles as well as the nursing possibilities of partial treatment.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Hygiene und Medizinische-Mikrobiologie Hygiene-Institut, Universität Heidelberg.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Sonntag
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flassak
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Throm
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000451:nursing*; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000451:nursing*; D003152:Community Health Nursing; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005190:Family; D005858:Germany; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000451:nursing*; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D012112:Residential Facilities; D000078329:Workforce
vernacular_title: Hygienische Aspekte bei der Pflege von Home care-Patienten mit AIDS, chronischen Erkrankungen und geistigen Behinderungen.