The effects of task type and task requirements on the dissociation of skin conductance responses and secondary task probe reaction time.
Although task-irrelevant events elicit smaller skin conductance responses (SCRs) than do task-relevant events, secondary task probe reaction time (RT) is often slower during the former. Three experiments (N = 48 in each) examined the effects of task demands, instructions, and stimulus discriminability on this dissociation effect. SCRs were larger to task-relevant stimuli in all experiments regardless of experimental manipulation. Subjects in Experiment 1 counted either all tones of one pitch (high/low group) or longer-than-usual tones of one pitch (longer group). There was more RT slowing during task-irrelevant tones at a 250-ms probe position in the high/low group and at a 150-ms probe position in the longer group. Experiment 2 employed differential Pavlovian conditioning in which the offset of task-relevant stimuli (CS+) coincided with the onset of a shock stimulus. Half the subjects were told which stimulus would be followed by shock (information group), whereas the others received no information (no-information group). Increased RT slowing during CS- was restricted to the no-information group. Experiment 3 employed visual conditioned stimuli that were easy or difficult to discriminate. RT slowing at 4,000 ms was greater during CS+, whereas there was a tendency for more RT slowing during CS- at 150 ms. There was no effect for CS discriminability. The results suggest that during both simple discrimination and during Pavlovian conditioning, task-irrelevant stimuli are more actively processed than task-relevant stimuli within the first 250 ms of stimulus presentation.
Siddle
D A
DA
Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, Australia.
Lipp
O V
OV
Dall
P J
PJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*