title: Tympanic versus rectal thermometry in pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy of the tympanic membrane thermometer for use with pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A major medical center in the midwestern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three hospitalized, afebrile pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tympanic membrane thermometers and glass mercury thermometers were used to measure body temperature at the ear and rectum, respectively. The results were compared using two statistical methods: the Pearson correlation coefficient and a new technique suggested by Bland and Altman (1986).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Auditory canal temperature measured by a tympanic membrane thermometer correlated with rectal temperature as measured by a glass mercury thermometer (r = 0.38, p = 0.01). Thus, the tympanic membrane thermometer is acceptable for monitoring the body temperature of pregnant women. However, the device's estimation of rectal temperature is not clinically reliable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tympanic membrane thermometers, when applied with direct measures, are acceptable for use with pregnant women. It is not recommended that the rectal estimate mode be used with pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Promotion and Risk Reduction, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor 48109-0482, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dubler
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012007:Rectum / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013817:Thermography / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D013821:Thermometers / Q000191:economics; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology