title: Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in premenopausal women with axillary node-positive operable breast cancer: results of a randomized trial. The International Collaborative Cancer Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a combination chemotherapy regimen that contains epirubicin (fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide [FEC]) is superior to the standard cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) combination in premenopausal women with axillary node-positive operable breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The International Collaborative Cancer Group (ICCG) conducted a large randomized trial in which two alternative schedules were used according to participating center: CMF1 versus FEC1 and CMF2 versus FEC2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven hundred fifty-nine patients were entered onto the trial. At a median follow-up time of 4.5 years, no significant benefit for the anthracycline-containing regimen was observed in terms of relapse-free (P = .61) or overall survival (P = .13). FEC1 and CMF1 appear to be of similar efficacy, but there is a suggestion that FEC2 may be superior to CMF2, since patients who received FEC2 had improved overall (P = .02) and relapse-free survival (P = .03) rates. Nausea and vomiting and alopecia were more common in the epirubicin-containing regimen (P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the FEC2 regimen, in which epirubicin replaced the methotrexate in CMF, is the preferable adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for premenopausal patients with operable axillary node-positive breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Coombes
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wils
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morvan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espié
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amadori
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gambrosier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aapro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villar-Grimalt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McArdle
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Pérez-López
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vassilopoulos
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Chilvers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coombes
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000505:Alopecia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008408:Mastectomy; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D017697:Premenopause; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate