title: No generation of bradykinin with a new polyacrylonitrile membrane (SPAN) in haemodialysis patients treated with ACE inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anaphylactoid reactions occurring in uraemic patients haemodialysed with polyacrylonitrile haemodialysis (HD) membranes and being treated with ACE inhibitors have been attributed to an excessive generation of bradykinin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we tested in a prospective trial a new type of polyacrylonitrile membrane (SPAN) with respect to bradykinin generation in nine HD patients receiving either captopril or enalapril. Each patient had three consecutive HD sessions with each of the three tested membranes, high-flux SPAN, high-flux polysulphone (F60) and low-flux Hemophan (GFS Plus 16).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No clinical signs of anaphylactoid reactions were observed in any of these patients but the number of patients was relatively small and the duration of exposure to different membranes relatively short. At 5 min after the start of HD session, plasma bradykinin levels were significantly higher in the venous than in the arterial line for all three HD membranes: SPAN, 18.5 +/- 11.9 versus 12.4 +/- 5.3 fmol/ml (P < 0.05); F60, 19.0 +/- 13.8 versus 11.5 +/- 6.5 fmol/ml (P < 0.01); and GFS Plus 16, 39.1 +/- 22.9 versus 15.8 +/- 12.4 fmol/ml (P < 0.005), mean +/- SD respectively. Higher venous line levels were still observed at the 15 and 60 min time points for F60 and GFS Plus 16, but not for SPAN. However, these levels were still insignificant compared to levels measured during episodes of anaphylactic shock from the literature. Plasma histamine and C5a anaphylatoxin levels did not show any increase during HD with SPAN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SPAN membrane did not induce significant bradykinin release in dialysis patients on ACE-inhibitor therapy. It may therefore be used for high-flux dialysis in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Département de Néphrologie, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mannstadt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touam
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ureña
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hruby
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zingraff
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uhlenbusch-Körwer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grassmann
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Drüeke
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000328:Adult; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007688:Kidneys, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D011108:Polymers; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D013450:Sulfones; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; C054645:Hemophan; C010504:polyacrylonitrile; C017662:polysulfone P 1700; D002482:Cellulose; D001920:Bradykinin