title: Rapid mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in rhesus monkeys by a single intravenous injection of interleukin-8.
abstract: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemoattractant cytokine involved in chemotaxis and activation of neutrophils. Because in vivo administration of IL-8 induces mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in mice, we assessed the mobilizing properties of IL-8 in rhesus monkeys. Recombinant human IL-8 was administered as a single intravenous injection at doses of 10, 30, and 100 micrograms/kg to rhesus monkeys (age, 2 to 3 years; weight, 2.5 to 4.5 kg). Venous blood samples were obtained at time intervals ranging from 1 to 480 minutes after IL-8 administration. Cell counts, colony-forming unit-Mix assays, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis were performed. Plasma was harvested to assess IL-8 levels. A time-controlled bolus intravenous injection of 100 micrograms IL-8 per kilogram of body weight resulted in peak IL-8 plasma levels up to 5 micrograms/mL. The calculated half-time life of free IL-8 was 9.9 +/- 2.2 minutes. IL-8 injection resulted in instant neutropenia that was due to pulmonary sequestration, as shown using 99mTc-labeled leukocytes. Within 30 minutes after IL-8 injection, neutrophilia developed with counts up to 10-fold greater than baseline levels. The numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) increased from 45 +/- 48/mL to 1,382 +/- 599/mL of blood at 30 minutes after injection of 100 micrograms IL-8 per kilogram of bodyweight (mean +/- SD, n = 8). Individual animals showed 10- to 100-fold increase in numbers of circulating HPCs that returned to almost pretreatment values (92 +/- 52 CFU/mL) at 240 minutes after the injection of IL-8. Immunophenotyping showed no significant changes in lymphocyte (sub)populations. A second bolus injection of IL-8 with an interval of 72 hours resulted in similar numbers of mobilized stem cells as observed after the first injection, showing that no tachyphylaxis had occurred. We conclude that IL-8 induces mobilization of HPCs from the bone marrow of rhesus monkeys in a rapid and reproducible fashion. Therefore, IL-8 may be a potentially useful cytokine in the setting of blood stem cell transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laterveer
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lindley
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Heemskerk
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Camps
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willemze
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Fibbe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D011994:Recombinant Proteins