title: Bioactive alkaloids from the tropical marine sponge Axinella carteri.
abstract: Analysis of the tropical marine sponge Axinella carteri afforded six unusual alkaloids, including the new brominated guanidine derivative 3-bromo-hymenialdisine. The structure elucidation of the new alkaloid is described. The alkaloid patterns of sponges collected in Indonesia or in the Philippines were shown to be qualitatively identical suggesting de novo synthesis by the sponge or by endosymbiontic microorganisms rather than uptake by filter feeding. All alkaloids were screened for insecticidal activity as well as for cytotoxicity. The guanidine alkaloids hymenialdisine and debromohymenialdisine exhibited insecticidal activity towards neonate larvae of the polyphagous pest insect Spodoptera littoralis (LD50s of 88 and 125 ppm, respectively), when incorporated into artificial diet and offered to the larvae in a chronic feeding bioassay. The remaining alkaloids, including the new compound were inactive in this bioassay. Cytotoxicity was studied in vitro using L5178y mouse lymphoma cells. Debromohymenialdisine was again the most active compound (ED50 1.8 micrograms/ml) followed by hymenialdisine and 3-bromohymenialdisine, which were essentially equitoxic and exhibited ED50s of 3.9 micrograms/ml in both cases. The remaining alkaloids were inactive against this cell line.
authors.affiliation: Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Würzburg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Supriyono
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Soest
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sumaryono
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proksch
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007214:Indonesia; D007814:Larva; D007940:Leukemia L5178; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011161:Porifera; D012623:Seawater; D018411:Spodoptera; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids