title: A comparison of fluoroscopy and computed tomography-derived volumetric multiple exposure transmission holography for the guidance of lumbar pedicle screw insertion.
abstract: Holographic technology has recently been modified in such a manner that it may now provide clinical use. It allows the visualization of complex structures in three dimensions and permits clinician interaction with the image, which, in turn, provides significant additional geometric and anatomic information. To objectively assess the potential clinical applicability of holography in pedicle screw placement, we studied 11 elderly human cadavers. All of the cadavers, each of which showed significant degenerative disease of the lumbar spine, underwent thin-section computed tomographic scans of the lumbar spine. The acquired digital information was processed, and volumetric multiple exposure transmission holographic images were rendered. Pedicle screws were passed into anatomically acceptable and radiographically visualized L3-L5 pedicles in each cadaver, half using fluoroscopic guidance and half using holographic guidance alone. The accuracy of screw placement was objectively assessed by a three-point grading scale. The total score for the placement of each pedicle screw was determined by both trajectory (location within the pedicle) and accuracy (containment within the vertebral body) of screw tip placement parameters. Three points were possible for each screw placed. Screw placement in the last six cadavers was individually timed for each technique, and fluoroscopic time was also recorded. Each technique was used on 27 pedicles. The total score for fluoroscopic screw placement was 71 (71 of a possible 81; 88%) and for holographic screw placement was 74 (74 of a possible 81; 91%). In the last six cadavers, the screw placement time (per cadaver) was 8 minutes for fluoroscopic placement and 3.6 minutes for holographic placement. Fluoroscopic time averaged 1.9 minutes per cadaver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Benzel
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Anson
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001863:Bone Screws; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006696:Holography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*