Immunosuppressive retroviral peptides: cAMP and cytokine patterns.
The mechanism(s) by which retroviral proteins exert immunosuppressive influences has remained enigmatic. Here, Soichi Haraguchi, Robert Good and Noorbibi Day propose that induction of intracellular cAMP by a synthetic, immunosuppressive, retroviral envelope peptide causes a shift in the cytokine balance, leading to suppression of cell-mediated immunity by upregulation of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and downregulation of IL-2, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production. This may be a crucial step towards generation of immune dysfunction.
Haraguchi
S
S
Dept of Pediatrics, All Children's Hospital, University of South Florida College of Medicine, St Petersburg 33701, USA.
Good
R A
RA
Day
N K
NK
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000032:analysis*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D000242:Cyclic AMP