title: Hemostatic abnormalities in patients with pulmonary embolism compared with that in deep vein thrombosis.
abstract: We investigated hemostatic abnormalities in 37 patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) (PE patients) and in 40 patients with DVT without PE (DVT patients). Plasma fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex, fibrin-D-dimer, activated protein C (APC)-protein C inhibitor (PCI) complex, von Willebrand factor (vWf), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), PA inhibitor-I (PAI-1), and thrombomodulin levels in both PE and DVT patients were significantly increased compared with normal volunteers. Plasma APC-PCI complex, PAI-1, and vWf levels in PE patients were significantly higher than those in DVT patients without PE. These findings indicate that PE patients are more hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic than DVT patients. Plasma TAT, APC-PCI complex, PAI-1, and vWf levels were the most sensitive indicators for PE. In these patients, increases in TAT and APC-PCI complex suggest DVT and increased PAI-1 and vWf suggest the risk of onset of PE.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakase
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minamikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagaya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuzioka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011486:Protein C / Q000378:metabolism; D018046:Protein C Inhibitor / Q000378:metabolism; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011486:Protein C; D018046:Protein C Inhibitor; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator