title: Insight and psychotic illness. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insight has recently re-emerged as an important aspect of psychopathology amenable to empirical study. We sought to examine the relationship between various aspects of insight into illness and clinical, sociodemographic and neuropsychological variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  From an inner-London catchment area population, 150 in-patients with recent onset of psychosis were assessed on a variety of measures, including the Present State Examination (PSE). Subjects were followed up for a mean of four years and reassessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High IQ was associated with better insight as rated on the PSE, while gender, ethnicity and a diagnosis of schizophrenia appeared to be unrelated. At follow-up, similar associations were found, as well as correlations with attitudes to treatment and a more elaborate measure of insight. Cerebral ventricular enlargement and tests of frontal lobe function did not correlate with insight, but there was a curious, strong association with left-handedness at both assessment points. Initial insight correlated significantly but weakly with insight at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The assessment of insight in psychosis has concurrent validity and is a distinct aspect of psychotic phenomenology. It may, in part, have a neuropsychological basis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foerster
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fahy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012803:Sick Role; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data