title: Immunochemical characterization of carbohydrate antigens from fungi, protozoa and mammals by monoclonal antibodies directed to glycan epitopes.
abstract: Cell surface carbohydrates constitute the major antigenic determinants of fungi and protozoa. Glycoconjugates also represent a large variety of antigens or markers present in mammals such as histo-blood groups ABO, differentiation and heterophile antigens, among others. This article focuses on the general properties of glycoconjugate antigens and production and characterization of the anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). It describes the specificity and some properties of monoclonal antibodies directed against carbohydrate epitopes present in tumor-associated glycoproteins, in glycosaminoglycans of higher eukaryotes and in glycolipid antigens of protozoa and fungi. The epitopes recognized by the anti-carbohydrate MoAbs range from one sugar unit up to ten sugar units. Although most anti-carbohydrate MoAbs are directed predominantly toward terminal sugar residues, a few MoAbs are also reactive with internal sugar residues. The fine structure of the carbohydrate epitopes has been chemically defined by [1H] NMR, GC/MS of alditol acetates of partially permethylated compounds, -FAB/MS, degradation with exoglycosidases and inhibition with different methyl-glycosides and oligosaccharides.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Straus
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000276:immunology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000276:immunology; D007891:Leishmania / Q000276:immunology; D010228:Paracoccidioides / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000941:Antigens; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D002241:Carbohydrates; D006017:Glycolipids