title: Bicalutamide in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma: a phase II multicenter trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of the nonsteroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide were investigated in a Phase II trial in 150 patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients took bicalutamide, 50 mg daily, in an open-label multicenter North American trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The objective response rate (modified European Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] criteria) was 70% (57% partial, 13% stable); 59 (39%) of 150 patients had either a > 90% decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or a decline to < 4 ng/mL. Extent of disease on the bone scan was a significant predictor of response. Patients with < 6 metastatic lesions were more likely to respond. Breast pain and gynecomastia occurred in 76% and 60% of patients, respectively. Gastrointestinal toxicity was very infrequent (diarrhea, 5%) The mean drug plasma concentration was 8528 (+/- 2928) ng/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bicalutamide, 50 mg daily, was well tolerated and has efficacy in metastatic prostate cancer. The percentage of men who had > 90% decline in PSA levels is less than observed with surgical or medical castration and has led to trials using this antiandrogen at higher doses as monotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33101, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Soloway
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Schellhammer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Chodak
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Kennealey
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000813:Anilides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles; D011467:Prostate; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014105:Tosyl Compounds
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000813:Anilides; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C053541:bicalutamide; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen