title: Autonomic dysreflexia in tetraplegic patients: evidence for alpha-adrenoceptor hyper-responsiveness.
abstract: A controlled study of acute pharmacological intervention was designed to determine whether decreased sympathetic nerve activity in tetraplegic patients results in increased responsiveness of alpha-adrenoceptors which might contribute to vascular hyperreactivity and the clinical scenario of autonomic dysreflexia. The study took place in a university teaching hospital and included six male tetraplegic patients and six age-matched normal male controls. All tetraplegics were 5 months or longer post-traumatic spinal cord injury and all had experienced symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia on at least one occasion. The dorsal foot vein diameter was recorded with a tonometer during local infusions of noradrenaline 0.125-256 ng/min given through a short intravenous needle. In tetraplegic patients, there was a significant shift to the left of the dose-response curve indicating increased venous responsiveness to noradrenaline. The concentration of noradrenaline required to cause a 50% reduction of the resting vein diameter was decreased in tetraplegics (1.6 ng/min, geometric mean) compared to normal controls (10.9 ng/min, p < 0.02). alpha-Adrenoceptor responsiveness in dorsal foot veins is increased in patients with tetraplegia. Hypersensitivity of vascular alpha-adrenoceptors may contribute to autonomic dysreflexia in patients with high spinal cord injury.
authors.affiliation: Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Q P
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Teasell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D014680:Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation
chemical_list: D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D009638:Norepinephrine