title: Effects of intravenous diazepam pretreatment on lactate-induced panic.
abstract: The psychological and physiological effects of acute low-potency benzodiazepine administration on lactate-induced panic were examined in 10 patients with panic disorder (PD). The patients, who had panicked during a standard sodium-lactate infusion, underwent a repeat infusion modified by pretreatment with intravenous diazepam (5 mg). Acute Panic Inventory (API) scores preceding the second lactate infusion, which were associated with diazepam pretreatment, were significantly reduced in compared with those measured before the first lactate infusion. However, the second visit "fear of doom" item of the API was significantly reduced relative to the same time point of the first visit 35 min before lactate infusion, when diazepam had not yet been administered. Thus, the reduction of prelactate anxiety preceding the second infusion appeared to reflect both pharmacological and nonpharmacological contributions. The diazepam pretreatment condition was associated with a significantly increased infusion duration and a significant attenuation of rate of API symptom increase in response to lactate. Despite significant attenuation of lactate infusion effects associated with the diazepam pretreatment condition, 7 of 10 patients experienced a second panic attack. This pilot study suggests that diazepam pretreatment is associated with a marked reduction of symptomatic response during a second lactate infusion, although the magnitude of attenuation observed was insufficient to block lactate-induced panic in a majority of lactate-vulnerable PD patients.
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Liebowitz
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Coplan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fyer
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Campeas
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010200:Panic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011292:Premedication; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003975:Diazepam