title: Effective emergency management: reconsidering the bureaucratic approach.
abstract: The command and control approach is compared with the Emergent Human Resources Model (EHRM) approach to emergency management. Four decades of systematic research shows that a rigid, bureaucratic command and control approach to emergency management generally leads to an ineffective emergency response. Previous studies and our own research suggest that flexible, malleable, loosely coupled, organizational configurations can create a more effective disaster response.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Emergency Administration and Planning, University of North Texas, Denton 76203, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D002959:Civil Defense; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008399:Mass Behavior; D017146:Models, Organizational; D012944:Social Support; D013534:Survival / Q000523:psychology