title: Ozone exposure of human tracheal epithelial cells inactivates cyclooxygenase and increases 15-HETE production.
abstract: We assessed the immediate and prolonged effects of ozone on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by primary cultured human tracheal epithelial (TE) cells. TE monolayers were exposed at a gas-fluid interface to air or 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 ppm ozone (15 min air, then 45 min air/ozone), and serially collected effluents were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and/or high-performance liquid chromatography. Release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and AA, but not 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) or its metabolites, was detected from cultures prelabeled with [14C]AA. PGE2 production, measured by immunoassay, was nearly constant during air exposure. In contrast, PGE2 increased two- to threefold during the first 15-min exposure to all concentrations of ozone, but then progressively declined to 78 +/- 17, 57 +/- 12 (P < or = 0.05), and 45 +/- 15% (P < or = 0.05) of air controls after exposure to 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 ppm ozone. Ozone did not induce a new spectrum of AA metabolites; only PGE2, lesser amounts of PGF2 alpha, and 15-HETE were present in media and cell extracts of air- or ozone-exposed cultures provided with 30 microM exogenous AA. However, cyclooxygenase (CO) activity (PGE2 produced from 30 microM AA) decreased to 82 +/- 9, 53 +/- 8 (P < or = 0.05), and 28 +/- 6% (P < or = 0.05) vs. controls after 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 ppm ozone, whereas 15-HETE production was unimpaired. When cells exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone were maintained for up to 6 h in 5% CO2-air, spontaneous PGE2 production remained decreased and recovery of CO activity was extremely slow. TLC analysis of lipid extracts from [14C]AA-labeled cells revealed a nearly twofold increase in free intracellular 15-HETE, and hydrolysis of phospholipids demonstrated increased esterified 15-HETE. Exposure of human TE cells to ozone leads to a transient increase followed by prolonged decrease in PGE2 production and increased intracellular retention of 15-HETE. Loss of the bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory properties of epithelial PGE2, with or without increased 15-HETE, might contribute to ozone-induced airway dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Alpert
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Walenga
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004951:Esterification; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014132:Trachea / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D010126:Ozone; C025984:15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone