title: A micro carbon electrode for nitric oxide monitoring.
abstract: A nitric oxide (NO) probe, consisting of a micro carbon fiber working electrode, 10 microns diameter, a platinum counter electrode, and a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode, has been developed. The carbon fiber working electrode is covered with a Nafion cation exchange membrane. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), we found the NO to N2O reduction current peak at approximately -1.35 V versus Ag/AgCl. This has been reported by others. The DPV current outputs are linearly related to dissolved NO concentrations [NO] in the 2-10 microM range. Catecholamines were found not to interfere with the reduction signal. The Nafion membrane also prevents interference by NO2-, NO3-, and amino acids at normal physiologic pH (pH 7.4). The effects of O2 are accounted for through sampling and subtracting background currents from the peak current. To increase sensitivity and shorten response time, a method of integrated pulse amperometry (IPA) was used for the study. The IPA charge outputs (delta C) are linear to the dissolved [NO] in the 50-350 nM range. The carbon fiber electrode has the potential of being miniaturized to a smaller electrode, allowing detection of NO released from the subendothelial space.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wolfson
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002244:Carbon