title: A mammalian RNA editing enzyme.
abstract: Editing of RNA by site-selective adenosine deamination alters codons in brain-expressed pre-messenger RNAs for glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits including a codon for a channel determinant (Q/R site) in GluR-B, which controls the Ca2+ permeability of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Editing of GluR pre-mRNAs requires a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) structure formed by exonic and intronic sequences and is catalysed by an unknown dsRNA adenosine deaminase. Here we report the cloning of complementary DNA for RED1, a dsRNA adenosine deaminase expressed in brain and peripheral tissues that efficiently edits the Q/R site in GluR-B pre-mRNA in vitro. This site is poorly edited by DRADA, which is distantly sequence-related to RED1. Both deaminases edit the R/G site in GluR-B pre-mRNA, indicating that members of an emerging gene family catalyse adenosine deamination in nuclear transcripts with distinct but overlapping substrate specificities.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Melcher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herb
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sprengel
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Seeburg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D003641:Deamination; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017393:RNA Editing; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012322:RNA Precursors; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C567955:ADARB1 protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase