title: Radiation dose perturbation at tissue-titanium dental interfaces in head and neck cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the dose perturbation effects at the tissue-metal implant interfaces in head and neck cancer patients treated with 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phantom measurements were performed to investigate the magnitude of dose perturbation to the tissue adjacent to the titanium alloy implants with (100 mu and 500 mu thick) and without hydroxylapatite (HA) coating. Radiographic and radiochromic films were placed at the upper (and lower) surface of circular metal discs (diameter x thickness: 15 x 3.2, 48 x 3.2, 48 x 3.8 mm2) in a solid water phantom and were exposed perpendicular to radiation beams. The dosimeters were scanned with automatic film scanners. Using a thin-window parallel-plate ion chamber, dose perturbation were measured for a 48 x 3.2 mm2 disc.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the upper surface of the tissue-dental implant interface, the radiographic data indicate that for 15 x 3.2 mm2 uncoated, as well as 100 mu coated discs, dose perturbation is about +22.5% and +20.0% using 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams, respectively. For 48 x 3.2 mm2 discs, these values basically remain the same. However, for 48 x 3.8 mm2 discs, these values increase slightly to about +23.0% and +20.5% for 6 MV and 10 MV beams, respectively. For 48 x 3.2 mm2 discs with 500 mu coating, dose enhancement is slightly lower than that obtained for uncoated and 100 mu coated discs for each beam energy studied. At the lower interface for 15 x 3.2 mm2 and 48 x 3.2 mm2 uncoated and 100 mu coated discs, dose reduction is similar and is about -13.5% and -9.5% for 6 MV and 10 MV beams, respectively. For 48 x 3.8 mm2 discs, dose reduction is about -14.5% and -10.0% for 6 MV and 10 MV beams, respectively. For 48 x 3.2 mm2 discs with 500 mu coating, the dose reduction were slightly higher than those for uncoated and 100 mu coated discs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the beam energies studied, dose enhancement is slightly larger for the lower energy beam. The results of dose perturbation were similar for 100 mu coated and uncoated discs. These results were slightly lower for the 500 mu coated discs but are not clinically significant. The dosimetry results obtained from radiochromic films were similar to the ones obtained from radiographic film. The dose enhancement results obtained from ion chamber dosimetry are higher than those obtained from film dosimetry. The ion chamber data represent the data at "true" tissue-titanium interface, whereas the ones obtained from film dosimetry represent the data at film-titanium interface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niroomand-Rad
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thobejane
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Harter
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003722:Dental Alloys; D017886:Durapatite; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003722:Dental Alloys; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium