title: Diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) attenuates bacterial translocation in rats.
abstract: Intestinal barrier function is compromised following severe hemorrhage which may allow bacterial translocation (BT) to occur and subsequently initiate a systemic response leading to multiple system organ failure (MSOF). This study compared BT following hemorrhage and resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution (LR) or diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin solution (DCLHb). Rats (250-350 grams) were hemorrhaged to a base deficit of 15 +/- 2 mmol/L and immediately resuscitated with either 3:1 LR or 1:1 DCLHb based on shed blood volume. Four hours following resuscitation, the mesenteric lymph node complex was harvested, homogenized and plated onto MacConkey and Columbia CNA agar culture media. Facultative anaerobic and obligate aerobic bacteria were identified 48 hours later in 11/22 (50%) LR-treated rats and in 4/21 (19%) DCLHb-treated rats (p < or = 0.05). Following resuscitation, base excess (BE) and central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) were not only restored to baseline but were significantly greater (p < or = 0.05) in DCLHb-treated rats than in LR-treated rats. In a separate group of rats subjected to the same hemorrhage and resuscitation protocol, mean arterial pressure in DCLHb-treated rats, but not LR-treated rats, was restored to baseline by 15 minutes and remained at or above baseline for up to 4 hrs. Twenty-four hour survival was 50% in LR-treated rats and 77% in DCLHb-treated rats (p > 0.05). These data suggest that DCLHb is superior to LR in restoring tissue oxygen delivery, as judged by BE and SvO2. Furthermore, since DCLHb restores oxygen delivery and attenuates BT, early resuscitation with DCLHb may limit gut ischemia and subsequent gut barrier failure and hence prevent the development of sepsis, MSOF and subsequent death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Malcolm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000382:microbiology; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012151:Resuscitation; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D006454:Hemoglobins; C083478:diaspirin-cross-linked hemoglobin; D001241:Aspirin; D010100:Oxygen