title: Should atrial septal defects in adults be closed?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  By assessing current surgical outcome and symptomatic relief, this study attempts to answer whether atrial septal defects in adults should be closed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine adult patients aged 35.2 +/- 13.6 years underwent operation for an atrial septal defect between June 1988 and June 1994. Indications for closure were symptoms (33 patients) or a significant left-to-right atrial shunt (6 patients). Data were obtained from hospital records, and the latest status of the patients was determined by a written questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no deaths. Pulmonary embolism in 1 patient was the only complication observed. The QRS duration on the surface electrocardiogram decreased immediately (p < 0.001), and the cardiothoracic ratio on chest radiographs was significantly lower 3 to 6 months after operation (p < 0.001), both findings reflecting improved hemodynamics. No residual shunts were seen on follow-up (mean follow-up, 3.3 +/- 2.2 years). Twenty-seven (81.8%) of the 33 symptomatic patients improved clinically in terms of exercise performance, atrial arrhythmias, or both. Three (50%) of the 6 previously asymptomatic patients reported improved functional capacity post-operatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Today, operation for atrial septal defects in adults can be performed with no mortality and low morbidity and results in symptomatic improvement in the majority of patients. Clinical improvement was seen even in patients who considered themselves asymptomatic preoperatively. We advocate closure of atrial septal defects in adult patients with symptoms or significant atrial shunts.
authors.affiliation: Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gatzoulis
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Redington
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Somerville
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Shore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome