title: A multistep procedure for the chemical inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus for use as an experimental vaccine.
abstract: The kinetics of inactivation of four different strains of HIV-1 (RF, MN, SF2 and IIIB) by beta-propiolactone (BPL) and binary ethylenimine (BEI) were studied under various conditions. The conditions that would be required for the reduction of virus infectivity by at least 10(20) TCID50 ml-1 were estimated on the basis of the experimental rates of inactivation obtained. A multiple step procedure including treatment with 0.2% BPL, 0.05% sodium cholate, 10 mM BEI and 0.02% formaldehyde was designed to inactivate HIV-1 for use as an experimental vaccine. Complete inactivation of virus infectivity was confirmed by prolonged cell culture. The experimental vaccine preparation was analysed for the presence of HIV-1 proviral DNA utilizing the polymerase chain reaction. After treatment with both BPL and BEI proviral DNA was detected in one of four samples using primers encoding a 244 bp segment of the pol region of the viral genome. Proviral DNA could not be detected in any of the four samples using primers encoding segments of > 400 bp in the gag and reverse transcriptase region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Academic Virology, London Hospital Medical College, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Race
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wigg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baksh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addawe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frezza
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oxford
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001388:Aziridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D011420:Propiolactone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D001388:Aziridines; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015488:HIV Antigens; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; C033132:aziridine; D011420:Propiolactone