title: Drugs associated with bullous pemphigoid. A case-control study.
abstract: Bullous pemphigoid is the most frequent autoimmune blistering disease. It occurs in the elderly. The cause of this disease is unknown, but cases of bullous pemphigoid have been occasionally attributed to drug therapy. We conducted a multicenter prospective case-control study looking at the drugs used on a long-term basis before the onset of the disease in 116 incident cases of bullous pemphigoid and 216 control patients with malignant or benign skin tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case patients and control patients received many drugs on a long-term basis (mean +/-SD, 4.4+/-3.2 and 4.4+/-2.7 years respectively). Two classes of drugs, neuroleptics and diuretics, were used more frequently by case patients than control patients. Neuroleptics were used by 15.5% of case patients and 8.3% of control patients (adjusted odds ratios; 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 3.8). Diuretics were used by 36.2% of case patients and 24.5% of control patients (adjusted odds ratios, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.9). Among neuroleptics, no specific drug emerged. The association with diuretics was only linked to aldosterone antagonists, which were taken by 12.9% of case patients and 4.6% of control patients (adjusted odds ratios, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 7.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that some drug therapies may be a risk factor for bullous pemphigoid. The cause of this association should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université Paris XII, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bastuji-Garin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picard-Dahan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaillant
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salagnac
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lok
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Roujeau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010391:Pemphigoid, Bullous / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists