Resident smoking in long-term care facilities--policies and ethics.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize smoking behavior, facility policies related smoking, and administrators' views of smoking-related problems in Veterans Affairs nursing home care units nationwide.


METHODS
An anonymous mail survey of long-term care facilities was administered to 106 nursing home supervisors at VA Medical Centers with nursing home care units. The response rate was 82%.


RESULTS
Administrators from 106 VA nursing home units reported smoking rates ranging from 5% to 80% of long-term care residents, with an average of 22%. Half of the nursing homes had indoor smoking areas. Frequent complaints from nonsmokers about passive smoke exposure were reported in 23% of the nursing homes. The nursing administrators reported that patient safety was their greatest concern. Seventy- eight percent ranked health effects to the smokers themselves a "major concern," while 70% put health effects to exposed nonsmokers in that category. Smoking in the nursing home was described as a "right" by 59% of respondents and a "privilege" by 67%. Some individuals reported that smoking was both a right and a privilege.


CONCLUSIONS
Smoking is relatively common among VA long-term care patients. The promotion of personal autonomy and individual resident rights stressed in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 may conflict with administrative concerns about the safety of nursing home smokers and those around them.
Kochersberger
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Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Canandaigua NY, USA.
Clipp
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EC
D000368:Aged; D032763:Behavior Control; D004995:Ethics, Professional; D006801:Humans; D009735:Nursing Homes; D016134:Organizational Policy; D026706:Paternalism; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D028701:Patient Rights; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs