title: Deoxyadenosine blockade of G0 to G1 transition in lymphocytes: possible involvement of protein kinases.
abstract: Immunodeficiency in adenosine deaminase deficiency has been attributed to the lymphotoxicity of deoxyadenosine that accumulates to high levels in patients. To gain insight into the mechanism of deoxyadenosine toxicity, we investigated the dose-response and time course of its toxic effects on concanavalin A-stimulated mouse splenic lymphocytes by thymidine incorporation and flow cytometry. Deoxyadenosine at a level as low as 0.3 microM inhibited the progression of G0. In contrast, higher concentrations of the nucleoside, i.e., in the range of 1 to 3 microM, were needed to block transition of the stimulated lymphocytes from G0 to G1. The inhibition of their S entry and progression required even higher concentrations. Furthermore, staurosporine, a potent inhibitor of protein kinases, was found to potentiate the toxicity of deoxyadenosine in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Calcium mobilization in mitogen-activated lymphocytes was inhibited by deoxyadenosine. Our data suggest that, while ribonucleotide reductase inhibition by dATP could explain the blockade of S entry and progression by deoxyadenosine in cycling lymphocytes or leukemic cells, more important effects of this compound on antigen-activated lymphocytes occur at the early G0 phase. A possible mechanism of deoxyadenosine lethality is its inhibition of protein phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D003839:Deoxyadenosines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D019311:Staurosporine; D013936:Thymidine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D003839:Deoxyadenosines; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D003208:Concanavalin A; D011494:Protein Kinases; D019311:Staurosporine; D002118:Calcium; D013936:Thymidine