title: Induction of TH1 and TH2 immunity in neonatal mice.
abstract: The neonatal period has been thought of as a window in ontogeny, during which the developing immune system is particularly susceptible to tolerization. In the present study, the classic system for induction of neonatal tolerance to protein antigens was reexamined in mice. The presumably tolerogenic protocol was found to trigger a vigorous T helper cell type 2 (TH2) immune response. Thus, neonatal "tolerization" induces immune deviation, not tolerance in the immunological sense. Neonates are not immune privileged but generate TH2 or TH1 responses, depending on the mode of immunization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4943, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forsthuber
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000276:immunology*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009113:Muramidase / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D009113:Muramidase