title: [Smoking habits in chronic schizophrenics].
abstract: The smoking habits of 48 chronic schizophrenics who were inpatients of private psychiatric were examined. Subjects were divided into three groups; non-smokers, moderate smokers and heavy smokers, and tested by Fagerstrom's Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) as a tobacco dependence evaluation, and Bender Gestalt Test (BGT) and Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) as a neuropsychological battery. In addition, we used the Scales for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) to evaluate the degree of schizophrenic negative symptoms, confirming the correlation between SANS score and the amount of nicotine intake or FTQ item. From the results of FTQ scores and their correlation with SANS scores, the amount of nicotine intake was significantly related to the severity of schizophrenic negative symptoms including affective blunting, poverty of thinking and attention impairment. BGT and BVRT showed disturbances in visual-motor gestalt function, and attention and memory, in chronic schizophrenics who smoked, especially in heavy smokers. These results suggest that smoking behavior in chronic schizophrenics might increase the individual vigilance against negative symptoms, from the perspective of self-medication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009538:Nicotine; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012651:Self Medication; D012907:Smoking; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine