title: Power wheelchair range testing and energy consumption during fatigue testing.
abstract: The range of a power wheelchair depends on many factors including: battery type, battery state, wheelchair/rider weight, terrain, the efficiency of the drive train, and driving behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of three methods of estimating power wheelchair range. Another significant purpose was to compare the current draw on pavement to current draw on an International Standards Organization (ISO) Double Drum tester at one m/sec. Tests were performed on seven different power wheelchairs unloaded, and loaded with an ISO 100 kg test dummy. Each chair was configured according to the manufacturer's specifications, and tires were properly inflated. Experienced test technicians were used for the tennis court tests, and treadmill tests. An ISO 100 kg test dummy was used for the ISO Double Drum test. Energy consumption was measured over a distance of 1500 m for each of the three test conditions. The rolling surface was level in all cases. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference (p = 0.0001) between the predicted range at maximum speed for the three tests. Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.01) in estimated range at maximum speed between the Double Drum test and the treadmill test, as well as between the Double Drum test and the tennis court test. Our results indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the predicted range at maximal speed between the treadmill and tennis court tests. A simple relationship does not exist between the results of range testing with the Double Drum tester and the tennis court. An alternative would be to permit the use of a treadmill for range testing as simple relationships between all pertinent treadmill and tennis court range data were found. For the Double Drum tester used, the current demand is higher than under normal usage. This presents a problem as current is related to load torque in a power wheelchair. Hence, the Double Drum tester friction must be reduced. The predicted range for the tennis court test at maximum speed ranges from a low of 23.6 km to a high of 57.7 km. The range of the power wheelchair can be improved by the use of wet lead acid batteries in place of gel lead acid batteries.
authors.affiliation: Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Highland Drive VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: VanSickle
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flannery
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014910:Wheelchairs