title: Acute safety of the CFC-free propellant HFA-134a from a pressurized metered dose inhaler.
abstract: The acute safety of the alternative chlorofluorocarbon-free (CFC-free) propellant HFA-134a from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (MDI) was assessed in 12 healthy male subjects according to a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. On each of three consecutive days, cumulative doses of 1,2,4,8 and 16 inhalations were administered 30 min apart from one of three MDIs. The three MDIs contained either the HFA-134a CFC-free system without drug (HFA-Placebo), the CFC-free system with salbutamol sulphate (HFA-Salbutamol), or a conventional CFC propellant mixture without drug (CFC-Placebo). Pulmonary function (FEV1, FEF25-75%), cardiovascular performance (heart rate and blood pressure), objective tremor measurements and serum potassium were measured after each incremental dose. Similar responses for pulmonary function, cardiovascular performance, tremor and serum potassium were observed between the HFA-Placebo and CFC-Placebo groups. No statistically significant difference was seen in change from baseline of any parameter between the two propellant systems. The administration of HFA-Salbutamol produced statistically significant dose-related increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and tremor and a significant dose-related decrease in serum potassium; these responses were expected based on cumulative doses of active drug. Blood samples for HFA-134a analysis were collected to measure systemic absorption of this propellant. Levels of HFA-134a between 200 and 700 ng.ml-1 were detected in all subjects given the CFC-free system. This study shows that acute inhalation of HFA-134a in a CFC-free system is as safe as a CFC propellant system. Salbutamol sulphate in the CFC-free system can be delivered in a dose-linear fashion, without any noticeable change in the safety profile of active drug.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, 3 M Health Care Ltd., Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donnell
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ekholm
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Porietis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEwen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000335:Aerosol Propellants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005540:Forced Expiratory Flow Rates / Q000187:drug effects; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D000420:Albuterol; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D011188:Potassium; C094049:apaflurane; D005466:Fluorocarbons