Differential diagnosis and pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus.
Differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus has been discussed in this paper in terms of pathophysiological aspects. Three points are emphasized: (1) we should include dipsogenic D.I. as one form of diabetes insipidus; (2) the water deprivation test is inconclusive in approximately 25% of patients, where the main difficulty is to distinguish between partial neurogenic D.I. and dipsogenic D.I.; and (3) this difficulty cannot be solved by a single determination of plasma vasopressin. Pathophysiology of inherited neurogenic D.I. and nephrogenic D.I. are also discussed.
Valtin
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Dept. of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755-3836, USA.
D000818:Animals; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium; D009154:Mutation; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000235:genetics; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D014868:Water Deprivation
D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D014667:Vasopressins; D008094:Lithium