title: Alterations in growth rate associated with a normally persisting circadian rhythm during spaceflight.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biological clocks time many physiological parameters with periodicities close to 24 h; those which persist in the absence of environmental cues are circadian. An earlier shuttle experiment (STS-9) examined circadian pacemaker function and growth rate of Neurospora crassa and demonstrated damped rhythm amplitudes, increased variability in period lengths and altered growth rates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Postflight studies suggested that accelerative forces of launch could have induced rhythm alterations. Differences in growth rate may have been due to an alteration of metabolic rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Race tubes inoculated with bd or csp strains were flown aboard STS-32, exposed to ambient mid-deck temperatures throughout flight, and exposed to light only during marking procedures. Period, rhythm amplitude, and growth rate were determined and compared to orbital environmental controls (OES) and 25 degrees C ground controls (GC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unlike the previous flight exposurement, the rhythm persisted quite normally. bd flight and OES cultures each displayed lengthened periods of a similar magnitude when compared to GC. The lengthened periods of csp flight cultures while longer than GC, were shorter than OES. Shuttle temperatures were relatively warm, however the increased period length in space was greater than predicted by the known Q10. Growth rates also increased substantially during flight, which could not be accounted for by thermal mechanisms alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is likely that some of the cultures may have entrained to the unexpected diurnal temperature variations; however, other cultures did not entrain, yet retained rhythmicity with increased periods. The results also suggest an increased metabolic rate during spaceflight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Carbondale 62901-6512, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sulzman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dorsett
mesh_terms: D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D009492:Neurospora crassa / Q000254:growth & development*; D013026:Space Flight