title: Risk of neural tube defect-affected pregnancies among obese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risk for neural tube defect (NTD)-affected pregnancies among obese women (ie, women with a body mass index [BMI] > 29kg/m2) compared with women of average prepregnancy weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hospitals in 55 of 58 counties in California.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-person interviews were conducted with mothers of 538 (88% of eligible) NTD cases (including fetuses and infants electively terminated, stillborn, or born alive) and with mothers of 539 nonmalformed controls (88%) within an average of 5 months from the term delivery date.
  
  
  METHODS
  The risk of an NTD-affected pregnancy among obese women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with women whose BMI was less than or equal to 29 kg/m2, an increased risk for NTD-affected pregnancy was observed among obese women (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.9). The increased risk was not attributable to maternal nonuse of a vitamin containing folic acid, diabetes, use of diet pills, lower dietary folate intake, or an NTD-pregnancy history. Adjustment for maternal age, education, gravidity, use of vitamins, and use of alcohol did not change the odds ratio. The risk associated with maternal obesity was greater for spina bifida and for other less prevalent NTDs than for anencephaly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because as many as 10% of women may be obese periconceptionally, the observed twofold increased risk is relevant to the population burden of NTDs.
authors.affiliation: March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Velie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schaffer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D012307:Risk Factors