title: Ocular effects of hyoscine in double dose transdermal administration and its reversal by low dose pyridostigmine.
abstract: The potential of low dose (30 mg t.i.d) pyridostigmine to reduce the ocular side effects of double dose transdermal controlled release hyoscine was evaluated by the study of near visual acuity, accommodation amplitude and pupil diameter in a placebo controlled, double masked study. We studied 47 healthy men (age 18-21 yr) in 3 groups: 16 assigned to placebo hyoscine and placebo pyridostigmine, 15 assigned to double dose hyoscine and placebo pyridostigmine, and 16 to double dose hyoscine and pyridostigmine. Subjects were tested during 48 h of treatment and 48 h of washout period. Blood cholinesterase inhibition level and amount of hyoscine released from the patches were used as parameters of reliability. Difference between groups was assessed using change from baseline scores. Double dose hyoscine caused decrease in near visual acuity to a mean of 14/18. Accommodation amplitude was decreased in the double dose transdermal hyoscine group from 9.19 +/- 1.04 to 4.83 +/- 1.97 diopters of accommodation. This decrease was significant when compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05) and to the pyridostigmine-protected group (p < 0.05). Pyridostigmine, however, did not significantly change the hyoscine-induced mydriasis of 1.47 + 0.15 mm change from baseline (p < 0.05). These results suggest that pyridostigmine administration may be beneficial in shortening recovery time when near vision impairment is experienced following single and double dose transdermal hyoscine administration.
authors.affiliation: Israel Defence Force (I.D.F.) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alhalel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ziv
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Versano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alkalay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Almog
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izraeli
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glovinsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D012601:Scopolamine; D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide