Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacotoxic profiles of recombinant-methionyl human interleukin-2[alanine-125] (r-metHuIL-2[ala-125]) following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in rats.
Comparative pharmacotoxicity studies in rats were performed to evaluate the response to r-metHuIL-2[ala-125] following 2 or 4 weeks of daily intravenous or subcutaneous administration, as well as to evaluate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that r-metHuIL-2[ala-125] showed high bioavailability and nonlinear concentration profiles. Pharmacodynamic responses to intravenous or subcutaneous dosing with r-metHuIL-2[ala-125], as measured by white blood cell counts, were comparable. Preclinical safety studies (6, 30, and 150 micrograms kg-1 day-1) indicated that r-metHuIL-2[ala-125], whether given intravenously or subcutaneously, was associated with increased circulating and infiltrating levels of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Bone marrow lymphoid hyperplasia and splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis were similarly observed in each study. This pattern of effects was considered an exaggerated pharmacodynamic response to r-metHuIL-2[ala-125]. Of further note was a histopathologic finding described as hepatocyte single cell necrosis which was observed following both intravenous and subcutaneous administration and was considered to be a toxic response to high doses of r-metHuIL-2[ala-125]. The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for r-metHuIL-2[ala-125] via intravenous administration was 6 micrograms kg-1 day-1, while that for subcutaneous administration was 30 micrograms kg-1 day-1. Data herein present a form of rHuIL-2 with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles that are similar when given by these two systemic routes. Pharmacotoxic data, based on NOAELs, suggest that subcutaneous administration may be a preferred clinical route of administration.
LeBel
C P
CP
Department of Toxicology, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
Langlois
L
L
Bell
D P
DP
Young
J D
JD
Kenney
W C
WC
Payne
B J
BJ
Sendelbach
L E
LE
Wong
L C
LC
D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000633:toxicity; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects*
D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C098318:methionyl interleukin-2, alanine(125)-