title: Contrasting baroreflex effects of muscimol versus bicuculline injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius in anesthetized rats.
abstract: To examine how the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) affects baroreflex regulation, reflex heart rate and renal nerve responses were recorded in anesthetized rats after bilateral injections of muscimol or bicuculline into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Blood pressure, heart rate, and renal nerve activity were increased by the GABA agonist muscimol and decreased by the GABA antagonist bicuculline. Control injections of the vehicle alone were ineffective. More importantly, all reflex responses later induced by infusing phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside intravenously were reduced by muscimol. The magnitude of the reflex bradycardia and sympathoinhibition caused by phenylephrine, as well as that of the reflex tachycardia and sympathoexcitation caused by sodium nitroprusside, diminished after NTS injections of muscimol. By contrast, the same reflex responses tended to be enhanced after NTS injections of bicuculline, but most changes were not significant. If GABA acts on receptors located on second-order neurons in the NTS, then muscimol would inhibit those neurons, whereas bicuculline would prevent endogenous GABA from reaching them. Thus muscimol would reduce reflex responsiveness by inhibiting all second-order neurons, whereas bicuculline would enhance it by protecting the same neurons from inhibition by endogenous GABA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences and Hospital, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66103, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Buñag
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009118:Muscimol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018755:GABA Agonists; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009118:Muscimol; D001640:Bicuculline