title: Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates proopiomelanocortin transcription by cFos-dependent and -independent pathways: characterization of an AP1 site in exon 1.
abstract: The POMC gene, encoding a hormonal precursor protein, is primarily expressed in the pituitary in a tissue-specific manner. The POMC gene is transcriptionally regulated by a variety of hormones and neuropeptides and the second messengers cAMP and Ca++. Using the corticotrope-derived AtT20 cell line, we have previously shown that overexpression of cFos stimulates POMC transcription. The aim of this work was to analyze whether cFos directly interacts with the POMC gene in basal and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulated cells. Using progressively deleted POMC promoter sequences or heterologous promoter constructs coupled to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene, we demonstrate the existence of a major cFos- responsive sequence within the first exon of the POMC gene. This sequence, TGACTAA, appears functionally indistinguishable from the canonical AP1 binding site. When fused to a minimal promoter, this sequence confers inducibility by cFos and CRH. Gel shift analyses with CRH-stimulated AtT20 nuclear extracts or in vitro synthesized proteins revealed that this sequence efficiently binds Fos and Jun. Expression of c-fos anti-sense mRNA reduced CRH-stimulated POMC transcription, thus indicating that, at least in part, cFos mediates the effect of CRH on POMC transcription. However, deletion of this major exonic AP1 site from the POMC constructs greatly reduced the effect of c-fos overexpression but did not suppress POMC stimulation by CRH, indicating that CRH stimulates POMC transcription by one or more cFos-independent mechanism(s).
authors.affiliation: Institut de Physiologie et de Chimie Biologique, URA 1446 du Centre Nationale de Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Boutillier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monnier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorang
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lundblad
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Loeffler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000502:physiology*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone