title: Oxalate toxicity in LLC-PK1 cells, a line of renal epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present studies assessed the possibility that high concentrations of oxalate may be toxic to renal epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subconfluent cultures of LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to oxalate, and the effects on cell morphology, membrane permeability to vital dyes, DNA integrity and cell density were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxalate exposure produced time- and concentration-dependent changes in the light microscopic appearance of LLC-PK1 cells with higher concentrations ( > 140 microM.) inducing marked cytosolic vacuolization and nuclear pyknosis. Exposure to oxalate also increased membrane permeability to vital dyes, promoted DNA fragmentation and, at high concentrations (350 microM. free oxalate), induced a net loss of LLC-PK1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since high concentrations of oxalate can be toxic to renal epithelial cells, hyperoxaluria may contribute to several forms of renal disease including both calcium stone disease and end-stage renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655-0127, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheid
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koul
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luber-Narod
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jonassen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honeyman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kennington
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hodapp
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ayvazian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D010070:Oxalates / Q000633:toxicity*; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates; D004247:DNA; D019815:Oxalic Acid