title: Do 'chlorine covers' exert a sustained bactericidal effect on the bacterial hand flora?
abstract: Treatment of skin with chlorine generates 'chlorine covers' which, in a previous study, exerted significant sustained bactericidal effects against transient skin flora on the upper arm and forearm. In this investigation, this effect was studied on both the transient and resident flora of the hands using test models for the evaluation of hand disinfectants as agreed upon in Austria and Germany. Chlorine covers were generated by bathing hands in a solution of 2% sodium tosylchloramide for 1 min. Subsequently, this cover was destroyed on one, randomly selected, hand by bathing it in a solution of 0.5% sodium thiosulphate for 15 s. The amount of chlorine on the fingertips of chlorinated hands was 2.2 +/- 0.4 micrograms/cm2; that on subsequently dechlorinated hands was 0.2 +/- 0.1 microgram/cm2. In experiments with artificially contaminated hands (Escherichia coli), the kinetics of bacterial die-off were the same on both hands. Also, in experiments with resident flora, the kinetics of bacterial die-off did not suggest bacterial reductions that increase with the duration of contact with the chlorine cover. It was concluded that with the test models used, a significant sustained antimicrobial effect of the chlorine cover could not be demonstrated on hands.
authors.affiliation: Hygiene-Institute of the University, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rotter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gottardi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002700:Chloramines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D006225:Hand / Q000382:microbiology*; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006801:Humans; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014105:Tosyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002700:Chloramines; D004202:Disinfectants; D013885:Thiosulfates; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C016300:chloramine-T; C017717:sodium thiosulfate