title: Surgical reinterventions after modified Fontan operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical reinterventions after Fontan operations are still associated with high mortality. This investigation aims to summarize our experience with such repeated operations and to assess their efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1983 through 1995 we performed 162 different modifications of Fontan operation. Repeated interventions were needed in 15 cases (9%). An analysis of all these cases is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated operation consisted of the closure of residual interatrial communication (3 patients), atrioseptostomy (4), subaortic stenosis resection (1), pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (1), embolization of residual right ventricular-pulmonary arterial communication (1), pericardectomy (2), pleurectomy (1), pacemaker implantation (1), and takedown of the Fontan operation (1). The results of operation were judged as good in 6 cases (40%) and as satisfactory in 5 (33%); 4 patients (27%) died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated interventions aimed at the elimination of technical errors of the Fontan operation are successful in most cases. Atrial septostomy gives good results in the absence of anatomic causes of cardiac failure such as subaortic obstruction and atrioventricular valve insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Bakoulev Scientific Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Podzolkov
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Zaetz
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Alekyan
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chiaureli
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Yurlov
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Chernikh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002404:Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010492:Pericardiectomy; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome