title: Mosquitocidal activity of the CryIC delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai.
abstract: The cloned 135-kDa CryIC delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is a lepidopteran-active toxin, displaying high activity in vivo against Spodoptera litoralis and Spodoptera frugiperda larvae and in vitro against the S. frugiperda Sf9 cell line. Here, we report that the CryIC delta-endotoxin cloned from B. thuringienesis subsp. aizawai HD-229 and expressed in an acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis strain is also toxic to Aedes aegypti, Anophles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae. Furthermore, when solubilized and proteolytically activated by insect gut extracts, CryIC is cytotoxic to cell lines derived from the first two of these dipteran insects. This activity was not observed for two other lepidopteran-active delta-endotoxins, CryIA(a) and CryIA(c). However, in contrast to the case with a lepidopteran and dipteran delta-endotoxin cloned from B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai IC1 (M.Z. Haider, B. H. Knowles, and D. J. Ellar, Eur. J. Biochem. 156:531-540, 1986), no differences in the in vitro specificity or processing of CryIC were found when it was activated by lepidopteran or dipteran gut extract. The recombinant CryIC delta-endotoxin expressed in Escherichia coli was also toxic to A. aegypti larvae. By contrast, a second cryIC gene cloned from B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29 (V. Sanchis, D. Lereclus, G. Menou, J. Chaufaux, S. Guo, and M. M. Lecadet, Mol. Microbiol. 3:229-238, 1989) was nontoxic. DNA sequencing showed that the two genes were identical. However, CryIC from B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29 had been cloned with a truncated C terminus, and when it was compared with the full-length CryIC delta-endotoxin, it was found to be insoluble under alkaline reducing conditions. These results show that CryIC from B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai is a dually active delta-endotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bone
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ellar
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002460:Cell Line; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis