title: A novel type of retinoic acid response element in the second intron of the mouse H2Kb gene is activated by the RAR/RXR heterodimer.
abstract: We have identified and characterized a novel retinoic acid (RA) response element (Hi-RARE) in the second intron of the mouse major histocompatibility H2Kb gene. The Hi-RARE sequence is conserved in all mouse classical and Q class 1 genes, in MHC class 1 genes of the rat, Rhesus macaque, cat and in the vast majority of human classical and non-classical class 1 genes. The Hi-RARE sequence lies within a regulatory element responsible for constitutive expression of a 5' enhancerless H2Kb gene in the Ltk-fibroblasts. Hi-RARE consists of two inverted palindromic RARE consensus sites (5'-PuGGTCA-3') separated by an 8 nt spacer. Mutational analysis revealed that both inverted palindromic hexanucleotide motifs are indispensable functional sites for the 9-cis RA response. The Hi-RARE sequence confers 9-cis RA inducibility to a heterologous promoter. The inducibility is further augmented in embryonal carcinoma cells by the expression of recombinant retinoic acid receptors (PARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs). In vitro, the recombinant RAR/RXR heterodimer creates DNA-protein complex with the Hi-RARE sequence. Treatment of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells with 9C-RA induces the Hi-RARE binding activity of nuclear proteins that proved to be RAR (or RAR-Like)/RXR heterodimer. Thus the Hi-RARE represents a new type of RA response element with a role in the modulation of the expression of MHC class 1 family genes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Prague.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jansa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forejt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin