title: Iron deficiency in Massachusetts communities: Socioeconomic and demographic risk factors among children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the association between community rates of iron deficiency in children and sociodemographic characteristics of Massachusetts communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1990 and March 1991, 238 273 Mssachusetts children 6 through 59 months of age were screened; iron deficiency was defined as an erythrocyte protopophyrin concentration of 0.62 micromol/L or higher and a blood lead level of less than 1.2 micromol/L. Sociodemographic data were obtained from the 1990 US Census.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five percent of communities had iron deficiency rates greater than 13.9 per 100 children screened. Iron deficiency rate was positively associated with proportion of Southeast Asians (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 1.12), proportion of Hispanics (OR = 1.008, 95% CI = 1.002, 1.013), and high school incompletion (OR = 1.028, 95% CI = 1.020, 1.035). Similarly, an examination of three Massachusetts cities indicated that the iron deficiency rate was higher for children with Southeast Asian (relative risk [RR] = 3.6, 95% CI = 3.3, 3.8) and Hispanic (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.5, 1.8) surnames than for all other children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wide variation exists in iron deficiency rates for children in Massachusetts communities. Community iron deficiency was associated with low socioeconomic status and high proportions of Southeast Asians and Hispanics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03756, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sargent
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Stukel
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008403:Mass Screening; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors