title: Snake F(ab')2 antivenom from hyperimmunized horse: pharmacokinetics following intravenous and intramuscular administrations in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pharmacokinetics of a currently available horse F(ab')2 antivenoms to Vipera aspis, V. ammodytes, and V. berus (Ipser Europe) and a new more purified and pasteurized preparation (SAV) was investigated in the rabbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  An immunoradiometric assay using an affinity-purified goat IgG horse F(ab')2 specific and the same IgG labelled with iodine 125 as a tracer was developed. The limit of quantification in plasma was 0.032 microgram/ml. Specificity study showed that mouse F(ab')2 and Fab did not cross-react.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the plasma F(ab')2 concentration followed a biexponential decline after intravenous bolus administration with distribution and elimination half-lives of 2.66 +/- 0.18 hrs and 49.69 +/- 4.13 hrs, respectively. The total volume of distribution (Vdss or Vd beta) was between 209 and 265 ml.kg-1 and was similar to the volume of the extracellular fluid in the rabbit (300 ml.kg-1). Total body clearance ranged from 3.33 to 3.96 ml.h-1.kg-1. After intramuscular administration which was only investigated with SAV, Tmax was 48 hrs and the absolute bioavailability was 42%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No difference in pharmacokinetics was observed between the two antivenom preparations following the intravenous administration. In contrast, a reduced rate and extent of absorption was shown following intramuscular administration.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U26, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pepin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lutsch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grandgeorge
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scherrmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D006736:Horses; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011817:Rabbits; D014757:Viper Venoms / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D014757:Viper Venoms