title: A pathologic study of Hodgkin's disease in Korea and its association with Epstein-Barr virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in Korea and other Asian countries is much lower than in western countries and its association with the Epstein-Barr virus has not been well characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features of 87 patients with Hodgkin's disease and also analyzed patients for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) using in situ hybridization for EBV DNA, RNA, and latent membrane protein (LMP1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 68 males and 19 females, with a mean age of 38 years. Mixed cellularity was the most prevalent subtype. Expression of EBV RNA (EBER:EBV-encoded RNA) was detected in 60 of 87 cases (69%): 1 of 1 (100%) with lymphocyte predominance, nodular; 4 of 7 (57%) with lymphocyte predominance, diffuse; 10 of 17 (59%) with nodular sclerosis; 38 of 51 (75%) with mixed cellularity; and 7 of 11 (64%) with lymphocyte depletion. Positivity was higher in advanced clinical stages; 4 of 7 patients (57%) with Stage I; 6 of 12 patients (50%) with Stage II: 7 of 9 patients (75%) with Stage III; and 5 of 5 patients (100%) with Stage IV HD EBV DNA was detected in 9 of 25 cases tested (36%). LMP1 was seen in 39 of 87 cases (45%). EBER and LMP1 positivity were higher in children and older adults than in adults aged between 15-50 years. Immediate early mRNAs (BHLF:Bam H-fragment, lower strand frame) was seen in a single patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HD in Korea showed a high incidence of mixed cellularity subtype and a high prevalence of EBV. EBV was detected in all subtypes, including a case of nodular lymphocytic predominance, and in all age groups, and showed correlation with mixed cellularity subtype and higher clinical stage. The expression of EBER and LMP were more frequently seen in children and older adults, suggesting a lowered immune surveillance in those age groups or a different pathophysiology of HD among different age groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Juhng
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poppema
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007223:Infant; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; C067169:RPL22 protein, human