title: Evaluation of copper sulfate and a copper lysine complex as growth promoters for weanling swine.
abstract: Two 5-wk trials using 176 weanling pigs (average initial weight of 8.3 kg and age of 31 d) were conducted to examine the effect of feeding varying levels of dietary Cu from copper sulfate (CuSO4) or a copper lysine complex (CuLys) on performance, mineral stores, serum copper, and serum mitogenic activity. Dietary treatments were 0 (15 mg/kg of Cu in basal diet), 100, 150, or 200 mg/kg of supplemental Cu from CuSO4 or CuLys. Average daily gain and ADFI increased linearly (P < .01) with increasing dietary levels of Cu during wk 1 to 2, 3 to 5, and 1 to 5, with no difference (P > .10) between the Cu sources. Overall gain:feed ratios were not consistently affected by Cu source. Dietary Cu linearly increased liver, kidney (P < .001), and brain (P < .05) concentrations of Cu. In the liver, the linear response to supplemental Cu differed between Cu sources (P < .001); pigs fed 200 mg/kg of Cu from CuLys had the highest concentration of Cu. Serum Cu concentrations increased linearly during wk 1 to 2 (P < .01), 3 to 5, and 1 to 5 (P < .001), with no difference (P > .10) between sources. Serum mitogenic activity increased linearly during wk 1 to 2 and 1 to 5 (P < .05). Growth performance was linearly improved as the dietary level of Cu increased from 15 to 200 mg/kg, with similar responses for both Cu sources. Serum and tissue concentrations of Cu were generally equally affected by the two Cu sources, except liver Cu concentration, which was onefold higher for pigs fed 200 mg/kg of Cu as CuLys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0306, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Apgar
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kornegay
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lindemann
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Notter
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000592:standards*; D019327:Copper Sulfate; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008239:Lysine / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D014886:Weaning; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C053976:copper-lysine complex; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc; D008239:Lysine; D019327:Copper Sulfate