title: Contributions of distal and proximal promoter elements to glucocorticoid regulation of osteocalcin gene transcription.
abstract: Previous studies identified several glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the 5'-promoter region of the rat osteocalcin (OC) gene by purified receptor binding. The present study addresses functionality of the GRE sequences in the proximal promoter at nucleotide (nt) -16 to -1 downstream of the TATA element together with the GRE half-element in the OC box at nt -86 to -81. This was done by assaying glucocorticoid responsiveness [at 10(-6) M dexamethasone (DEX)], and in combination with 10(-8) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, of a series of deleted and mutated OC promoter reporter constructs (OCCAT) in osteoblast-like cells, the ROS 17/2.8 rat osteosarcoma line. Promoter deletion analysis revealed an additional GRE in the distal promoter at nt -697 to -683 that functions to suppress OC transcription. In the absence of this upstream negative GRE (nGRE), the -531 OCCAT construct exhibited enhanced promoter activity in response to DEX (1.8-fold DEX/Control), but further deletion (-348 and -108 OCCAT constructs) restored DEX suppression to OC promoter activity (0.6- and 0.8-fold DEX/Control, respectively). Mutations introduced in both the proximal GRE (nt -16 to -1) and the half-GRE in the OC box, or in the proximal GRE alone, nearly abrogated DEX responsiveness of OC promoter activity. Both distal and proximal GREs specifically bound glucocorticoid receptor present in ROS 17/2.8 nuclear extracts as shown by competition with wild type and mutated oligonucleotides and antibody inhibition of binding. Furthermore, both GREs, independently, conferred DEX-responsive transcriptional repression to the heterologous thymidine kinase basal promoter. We also report that glucocorticoid suppression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated transcription occurs independently of distal or proximal GREs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that in vivo responsiveness of OC to DEX involves the integrative activities of several functional promoter elements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aslam
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shalhoub
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Wijnen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bortell
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shakoori
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Litwack
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000235:genetics; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005796:Genes; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002117:Calcitriol