title: Susceptibility of llamas (Lama glama) to infection with foot-and-mouth-disease virus.
abstract: An experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the ability of foot-and-mouth-disease (FMD) virus (serotypes A79, C3, O1) to infect susceptible llamas exposed either directly to affected livestock, or indirectly to llamas that had been directly exposed to affected livestock. In addition, susceptible livestock species (cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep) were exposed to those llamas that had been both directly and indirectly exposed to the FMD virus to further look at potential transmission possibilities. Of 30 llamas directly exposed to the FMD virus, only three (3/30) showed evidence of infection, and of those, only two (2/30) had mild clinical signs. No FMD virus was isolated from either oesophageal-pharyngeal (OP) fluid or blood samples collected from the infected llamas beyond 14 days post-exposure. There was no evidence of virus transmission between the directly exposed and indirectly exposed llamas or between both groups of llamas and susceptible domestic livestock, as determined by the lack of clinical signs, by virus isolation, and by serology results. These results provide further evidence that llamas are resistant to FMD infection, and that they play a minor role, if any, in transmitting the virus to domestic livestock.
authors.affiliation: Institutos de Virología y Patobiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Moron, Argentina.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fondevila
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Marcoveccio
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Blanco Viera
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Schudel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mebus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005537:Aphthovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D002161:Camelids, New World; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D006041:Goats; D015994:Incidence; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology