title: Synthesis of long prebiotic oligomers on mineral surfaces.
abstract: Most theories of the origin of biological organization assume that polymers with lengths in the range of 30-60 monomers are needed to make a genetic system viable. But it has not proved possible to synthesize plausibly prebiotic polymers this long by condensation in aqueous solution, because hydrolysis competes with polymerization. The potential of mineral surfaces to facilitate prebiotic polymerization was pointed out long ago. Here we describe a system that models prebiotic polymerization by the oligomerization of activated monomers--both nucleotides and amino acids. We find that whereas the reactions in solution produce only short oligomers (the longest typically being a 10-mer), the presence of mineral surfaces (montmorillonite for nucleotides, illite and hydroxylapatite for amino acids) induces the formation of oligomers up to 55 monomers long. These are formed by successive 'feedings' with the monomers; polymerization takes place on the mineral surfaces in a manner akin to solid-phase synthesis of biopolymers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Orgel
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D001546:Bentonite / Q000737:chemistry; D001704:Biopolymers; D002234:Carbodiimides; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D005022:Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide / Q000737:chemistry; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000069497:Origin of Life; D011061:Poly A / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011068:Poly G / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001704:Biopolymers; D002234:Carbodiimides; D008903:Minerals; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D012996:Solutions; C099089:illite; D001546:Bentonite; C074139:1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide; D011061:Poly A; D011068:Poly G; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D017886:Durapatite; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C065791:impA protein, Salmonella typhimurium; D005022:Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide