title: Kinetic behaviour of sulphaquinoxaline and amprolium in chickens.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of sulphaquinoxaline and amprolium hydrochloride were studied in Hubbard broiler chickens. Single doses of sulphaquinoxaline (100 mg/kg b. wt.), and amprolium hydrochloride (30 mg/kg b. wt.) were administered orally and intravenously to the same birds with 15 days interval between treatments. Sulphaquinoxaline and amprolium HCl were determined colorimetrically. Following i.v. administration, the concentration-time curve of sulphaquinoxaline and amprolium could be explained by a two compartments open model with a t1/2 alpha of 0.16 +/- 0.008 h; 0.17 +/- 0.09 h; t1/2 beta of 12.6 +/- 0.32 h, 4.89 +/- 0.3 h respectively. The total body clearance were 0.278 +/- 0.013 ml/kg/min; 0.562 +/- 0.015 ml/kg/min; volume of distribution at steady state were 0.44 +/- 0.009 L/kg, 0.34 +/- 0.005 L/kg and systemic bioavailability following oral administration were 72.65 +/- 3.38, 66.09 +/- 4.9 percent for sulphaquinoxaline and amprolium HCl respectively. Following oral administration of sulphaquinoxaline and amprolium (the same previous doses) the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 107.8 +/- 1.49 micrograms/ml; 42.9 +/- 1.11 micrograms/ml and occurred at 5.56 +/- 0.1 h, 3.67 +/- 0.05 h respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters after repeated oral daily administrations of sulphaquinoxaline and amprolium revealed that the Cmax was 184 +/- 1.02 micrograms/ml, and 55.19 +/- 0.35 micrograms/ml at 7.36 +/- 0.18 h and 5.17 +/- 0.15 h and the biological half lives were 1.67 +/- 0.057 h and 1.11 +/- 0.14 h respectively. Sulphaquinoxaline and its N4 acetyl metabolite disappeared from all body tissues at 120 hours, however amprolium persisted in most tissues for 72 hours after the last dose of repeated administrations.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Fac. of Vet. Med. Moshtohor, Benha.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: el-Sayed
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Abd el-Aziz
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: el-Kholy
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000670:Amprolium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002645:Chickens; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D013428:Sulfaquinoxaline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003049:Coccidiostats; D000670:Amprolium; D013428:Sulfaquinoxaline