title: Echocardiographic findings in 83 patients 13-26 years after intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
abstract: Doppler echocardiography was performed in 83 patients, 13-26 (median 19) years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Median age at repair was 7 years (range 9 months-42 years). An outflow patch restricted to the right ventricle was used in 29%, a transannular patch in 27% and the right ventricle was closed without a patch in 44%. Ninety-six percent of the patients were asymptomatic at follow-up. Patients with a transannular patch were younger, had a larger right ventricle and a higher right ventricle to pulmonary artery pressure difference than those without a patch. The average end-diastolic diameter of the right ventricle was larger than normal regardless of type of repair. The thickness of the right ventricular wall was increased in 50%. In 43% of the patients there was persistent hypertrophy of the right ventricular wall despite normalized systolic pressure. The average size and function of the left ventricle were normal although fractional shortening was reduced in 30% of the patients. The aortic root was abnormally large in 48%. Thirty-four percent had moderate or severe pulmonary valve regurgitation. Symptom-limited work capacity was 87% of predicted and was inversely related to age, systolic pressure in the right ventricle. E/A ratio of the left ventricle and use of the transannular patch. We conclude that right ventricular dysfunction and right ventricular outflow obstruction and/or incompetence were common even in asymptomatic long-term survivors after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ivert
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brodin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011665:Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology