title: Pharmacokinetics of alcuronium in children with acyanotic and cyanotic cardiac disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters for alcuronium in children with cyanotic or acyanotic congenital cardiac disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and to compare these parameters with previously reported values in children and adults with normal cardiac function. Seven children with acyanotic disease and seven with cyanotic disease were studied. Alcuronium (base) was administered in an initial dosage of 0.25 mg.kg-1 with additional doses as needed to maintain paralysis. Using time averaged data, cyanotic children had lower mean clearance, elimination half-life and volume of distribution at steady state than the acyanotic children; none of these differences was, however, statistically significant. In this study, children with acyanotic and cyanotic cardiac disease undergoing bypass, had a diminished clearance (P < 0.05) and a smaller volume of distribution (P < 0.05) than normal children and a shorter elimination half-life (P < 0.05) than adults. Onset of cardiopulmonary bypass caused an immediate marked decrease in alcuronium plasma concentrations which remained low in the acyanotic children at the completion of bypass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Weekes
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Keneally
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Goonetilleke
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ramzan
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D000443:Alcuronium / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000378:metabolism; D006207:Half-Life; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D000443:Alcuronium