title: Impaired development of the thyroid and thymus in endothelin-1 knockout mice.
abstract: We have previously demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) is essential to the development of neural crest-derived craniofacial and cardiovascular structures. In this study we evaluated the intrauterine growth and development of the thyroid and thymus glands in Edn1-/- homozygous mice. Edn1-/- homozygous mice were smaller than their heterozygous or wild-type littermates (about 90% of normal body weight). The thyroid and thymus of Edn1-/- homozygous mice were smaller than those of normal mice and were not fused in the midline, resulting in two separate lobules. The thymus of Edn1-/- homozygous mice is not descended into the normal position. These results suggest that ET-1 is important for normal development of the glands in the neck region, as well as for systemic growth. The combination of abnormalities in Edn1-/- homozygous mice suggests that these mice might serve as an animal model for the human diseases DiGeorge syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maemura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D016232:Endothelins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000196:embryology*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins