title: Routine primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot in neonates and infants less than three months of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot is increasingly undertaken in infancy, complete repair is generally performed in only selected symptomatic neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1992 through March 1995, 30 consecutive neonates and young infants with tetralogy of Fallot underwent routine primary repair. Group I (n = 10) consisted of patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia (n = 5) or severe pulmonary stenosis (n = 5) who were duct dependent and were repaired in the neonatal period. Group II (n = 11) consisted of patients who were asymptomatic with arterial oxygen saturation between 75% and 90% (adequate pulmonary blood flow). Group III (n = 9) consisted of patients with "pink" tetralogy of Fallot (arterial oxygen saturation > 90%). Patients in groups II and III were electively scheduled for repair at about 2 months of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postrepair peak systolic right ventricular-to-peak systolic left ventricular pressure ratio did not correlate (p = 0.96) with the branch pulmonary artery size. One patient died 2 months after operation, despite good hemodynamics, of uncontrollable diffuse subcutaneous edema due to familial distichiasis lymphedema syndrome. There were no late deaths. At a median follow-up of 19 months, 1 patient underwent balloon dilation of branch pulmonary arteries. Follow-up echocardiography revealed a 30 to 60 mm Hg right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery gradient in 3 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excellent early and midterm results can be accomplished with routine primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot in early infancy regardless of age, symptomatic status, coronary anatomy, and the size of branch pulmonary arteries as long as they arborize normally.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Francisco 94143-0118, USA.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Liddicoat
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McElhinney
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stanger
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018579:Patient Selection; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome