title: Measurement of Goldmann visual fields in older children who received cryotherapy as infants for threshold retinopathy of prematurity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cryotherapy administered to eyes with severe acute-phase (threshold) retinopathy of prematurity benefits retinal structure and visual acuity compared with the natural course of the retinopathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent of peripheral field abnormalities in eyes with threshold retinopathy of prematurity that had retinal structure preserved by cryotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kinetic perimetry was performed with a Goldmann perimeter by masked testers on patients in whom bilateral threshold retinopathy of prematurity developed and who had been randomly assigned to undergo cryotherapy in one eye and no cryotherapy in the fellow eye. With the V-4-e and the II-4-e targets, eight meridians were tested: 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, 180 degrees, 225 degrees, 270 degrees, and 315 degrees. The median value of three presentations in each meridian was accepted as the extent in that meridian.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen eyes (eight treated and six control) of eight patients (mean age, 9.9 years; range, 6 to 11 years) had adequate vision to undergo fields testing. Mean (+/-SE) extent of visual field for treated vs control eyes was 36 degrees +/- 3 degrees vs 46 degrees +/- 6 degrees for the II-4-e target and 49 degrees +/- 4 degrees vs 59 degrees +/- 6 degrees for the V-4-e target. This difference was consistent across all eight meridians for either target, and repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that cryotherapy was associated with smaller visual field extent for both target sizes (P=.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this small pilot study suggest that eyes that have retinal structure and acuity preserved by cryotherapy for severe acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity have slightly smaller visual fields than untreated eyes with severe acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity that had vision preserved.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Tasman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Schaffer
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002648:Child; D003452:Cryosurgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000601:surgery; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods; D014794:Visual Fields