title: Endothelin-1 vasoactive responses in lambs with pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary blood flow.
abstract: Increased concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) are found in children with congenital heart diseases that produce increased pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary hypertension, but the role of ET-1 in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension is unclear. Therefore, we investigated ET-1-induced vasoactive responses and ET-1 concentrations in an animal model of pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary blood flow. Vascular shunts were placed between the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery in seven late-gestation fetal sheep. Four weeks after spontaneous delivery, ET-1 increased pulmonary vascular resistance by 29.7 +/- 34.4% (P < 0.05), the ETb-receptor agonist [Ala1,3,11,15]ET-1 (4AlaET-1) had no effect, and the ETa-receptor antagonist cyclo(D-Asp-L-Pro-D-Val-L-Leu-D-Trp) (BQ-123) decreased pulmonary vascular resistance by -16.0 +/- 5.6% (P < 0.05). In contrast, in six control lambs with a similar degree of pulmonary hypertension induced by U-46619, ET-1 and 4AlaET-1 decreased pulmonary vascular resistance by 24.8 +/- 17.6, and 20.0 +/- 13.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, systemic arterial concentrations of immunoreactive ET-1 were elevated in lambs with pulmonary hypertension (29.2 +/- 9.6 vs. 15.2 +/- 10.7 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary blood flow alters the response of ET-1 from pulmonary vasodilation to vasoconstriction. These altered responses suggest a role for ET-1 and its receptors in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension secondary to increased pulmonary blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0106, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hendricks-Munoz
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Liddicoat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerrets
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fineman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D016232:Endothelins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000819:agonists; D012016:Reference Values; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D016232:Endothelins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu)