title: A university outbreak of gastroenteritis due to a small round-structured virus. Application of molecular diagnostics to identify the etiologic agent and patterns of transmission.
abstract: An epidemiologic investigation of a gastroenteritis outbreak in December 1994 indicated that salad consumption during lunch was linked with illness on 2 days (5 December: odds ratio [OR]=3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.0-5.0; 6 December: OR=3.1, 95% CI=1.9-4.9). Single stool or vomitus specimens from ill students and staff (case-patients) were examined for bacterial and viral pathogens. Small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) were detected by electron microscopy in stool specimens from 9 of 19 case-patients and in vomitus specimens from 3 of 5 case-patients. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the SRSVs were shown to be G-2/P2-B type strain. The nucleotide sequences of RT-PCR products from vomitus and stool specimens of ill students were identical to stool specimens from the ill salad chef. These findings suggest that a single SRSV strain was the etiologic agent in the outbreak that was possibly transmitted to students through consumption of contaminated salad. Epidemiologic investigation in conjunction with molecular diagnostics may enable early identification of sources of infection and improve outbreak control.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kilgore
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Belay
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hamlin
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Noel
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gary
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kludt
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D002139:Caliciviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008404:Massachusetts; D009663:Norwalk virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012147:Restaurants; D014495:Universities