title: Demonstration of inferior vena cava patency by retrograde azygous venography.
abstract: Gaining access for vena cavography may be difficult in patients with multiple venous occlusions. We report the use of selective azygous venography to demonstrate potency of the proximal inferior vena cava (IVC) when no alternative route was available and noninvasive techniques were not applicable. The proximal superior vena cava and the distal IVC were occluded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gates
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Hartnell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D013479:Superior Vena Cava Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000502:physiology; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology