[Life-threatening postoperative angioedema following treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor].
Angio-oedema is a recognised complication of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy, occurring in 0.1% to 0.5% of patients taking captopril, enalapril, or lisinopril. This is the first report of severe angio-oedema complicating therapy with quinapril, a new, long-acting drug. CASE REPORT. A 74-year-old female had been taking quinapril (10 mg/day) and diuretics (fixed combination of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide) for arterial hypertension for 18 months without any complication. After a fracture of the ankle, the patient received spinal anaesthesia uneventfully for an osteosynthesis. Ten days postoperatively, she noted swelling of the lips and the left half of the tongue. Following intravenous injection of antihistamines and prednisolone, these symptoms regressed. However, a relapse occurred on the 16th postoperative day with rapidly increasing oedema of the lips, face, ventral collar area, and entire tongue. Despite high-dose steroids, dyspnoea developed within 2 h. Direct laryngoscopy was impossible, and a flexible bronchoscope was used for nasotracheal intubation. At this point, the diagnosis of ACE inhibitor-induced angio-oedema was made and quinapril was withdrawn. The patient recovered, tracheal extubation was performed after 48 h, and the later course was uneventful. DISCUSSION. This is the second report of angio-oedema as a postoperative complication in a patient on long-term and previously unremarkable ACE inhibitor therapy. The first reported case occurred immediately after oral intubation and was perhaps precipitated by mechanical irritation. In this case, it is likely that postoperative deterioration of renal function due to dehydration and diuretic therapy was the precipitant, as has been reported in patients on lisinopril without surgery. Despite a significant increase in angio-oedema associated with the use of long-acting ACE-inhibitors, there appears to be a lack of familiarity among anaesthesiologist and other emergency physicians concerning this adverse effect. Withdrawal of the drug is the only effective treatment. High-dose steroids may be helpful, but if there is beginning dyspnoea or stridor, early endoscopically controlled intubation or emergency tracheostomy is essential to avoid hypoxaemia and death, as has occurred in the past.
Maier
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Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin im Klinikum, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.
D000368:Aged; D000799:Angioedema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000842:Ankle / Q000601:surgery; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D000077583:Quinapril; D012008:Recurrence; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007546:Isoquinolines; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; D000077583:Quinapril