title: The relationship between fish consumption and stroke incidence. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the level of fish consumption as a risk factor fo r stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were members of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, a longitudinal cohort study of a national sample. Included in this analysis were white and black women and men aged 45 to 74 years when examined in 1971 through 1975 who did not report a history of stroke at that time. Average follow-up for survivors was 12 years (maximum, 16 years). The main outcome measure was incident stroke (fatal and nonfatal). Fish consumption at baseline was obtained from a 3-month food frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White women aged 45 to 74 years who consumed fish more than once a week had an age-adjusted risk of stroke incidence only about half that of women who never consumed fish. This effect persisted after controlling for multiple stroke risk variables (relative risk, 0.55;95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 0.93). Fish consumption more than once a week compared with never was not associated with age-adjusted stroke risk in white men aged 45 to 74 years (relative risk, 0.85;95%CI,0.49 to 1.46). In black women and men combined aged 45 to 74 years, any fish consumption compared with never was significantly associated with reduced adjusted stroke risk (relative risk, 0.51;95%CI,0.30 to 0.88).
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Md., USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gillum
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mussolino
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Madans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002423:Cause of Death; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005396:Fish Products; D005399:Fishes; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data