title: Decreased cardiac responses to auditory stimulation during prone sleep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between body position during sleep and the infants' cardiac responses to auditory stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy infants with a median age of 11 weeks were studied polygraphically for one night, while sleeping successively prone and supine, or vice versa. Their behavioral and cardiac responses were recorded during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, both before and after exposure to 90 dB (A) of white-noise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten infants were excluded from the study, because they woke up during the challenge. For the 20 infants included in the analysis, no significant difference was seen between the prone and the supine position for total sleep time, sleep efficiency, percent of REM and nonrapid eye movement sleep, number of gross body movements, transcutaneous oxygen saturation levels, mean cardiac rate, heart rate variability, number of heart rate drops; mean respiratory rate, and number or duration of central or obstructive apneas. Auditory challenges induced significantly less overall changes in heart rate, less heart rate drops, less heart rate variability, as well as fewer and shorter central apneas in the prone than in the supine position. Autoregressive power spectral analysis of the heart rate was consistent with a possible increase in orthosympathetic tone in the prone position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prone sleeping was associated with a decrease in cardiac responses to auditory stimulation and a possible increase in orthosympathetic activity. Prone positioning could favor a reduced reactivity to danger-signaling stimuli during REM sleep.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Sleep Unit, Erasme University Clinics, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groswasser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sottiaux
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Broadfield
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016684:Prone Position / Q000502:physiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*