title: Toxicity studies in rats of simple mixtures of chemicals with the same or different target organs.
abstract: Mixtures of chemicals with different target organs or the same target organ but different target sites or different modes of action did not appear to be distinctly more hazardous than the individual chemicals, provided the dose level of each chemical in the mixture did not exceed its own 'No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level'. Clearly, for such mixtures and exposure conditions the additivity assumption did not hold. However, the additivity rule appeared to be applicable to mixtures of chemicals with the same target organ and the same mechanism of action or receptor. Fractional 2-factorial study designs were found to be promising tools for examining possible combined actions or interactions of chemicals in a mixture.
authors.affiliation: TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Toxicology Division, Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Feron
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Groten
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Zorge
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Cassee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jonker
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Bladeren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D014116:Toxicology
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants