title: Identification of drug-resistant myeloid leukemic cells by measurement of DNA content, nuclear area, and detection of P-glycoprotein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to evaluate the significance of aneuploidy in DNA ploidy, nuclear area, and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-GP) in differentiating drug-resistant myeloid leukemic cells (DRMLC) from drug-sensitive myeloid leukemic cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone marrow aspirates from 28 myeloid leukemic patients were fixed in 95% ethanol solution and stained using the Papanicolaou method. The nuclear area and DNA content were measured. An immunohistochemical study was performed using monoclonal antibody (JSB-1) directed against P-GP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leukemic cell morphology changed once or twice after the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), blastic crisis (BC) of chronic myeloid leukemia, or chronic neutrophilic leukemia. DRMLC showed severe atypia and were morphologically distinguishable from normal myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and drug-sensitive leukemic cells at the diagnosis of AML or BC. The mean nuclear index (NI) and DNA index (DI) of DRMLC were significantly larger than those of drug-sensitive leukemic cells of AML or BC. The frequency of aneuploidy and P-GP expression was 9.1% and 4.5%, respectively, at the diagnosis of AML or BC, and 92.8% and 28.5%, respectively, for resistant disease. The incidence of heterogeneity in DNA ploidy was 86.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DI and NI values larger than 1.2 and the expression of P-GP are significant indications of DRMLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Emura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011003:Ploidies; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm