title: Assessment of hepatic artery invasion by bile duct cancer using intraductal ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to clarify the diagnostic accuracy of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) in assessing hepatic artery invasion by bile duct cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative assessment of hepatic artery invasion was performed by IDUS via a percutaneous tract or the transpapillary route in a total of 22 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer. The probes used had a diameter of 1.4, 2.0, 2.4, 2.6, and 3.2 mm, and frequencies of 7.5, 15, 20, and 30 MHz. In the first six cases, IDUS images were analyzed retrospectively with no knowledge of the operative results or of the other imaging tests. In the following 16 cases, the IDUS images were prospectively reviewed prior to surgery without knowledge of the angiographic findings. The diagnostic accuracy of IDUS was compared with angiography in all cases, with the histopathological results in 20 resected cases, and with the intraoperative findings in two cases with only surgical exploration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IDUS was able to demonstrate the right hepatic artery in all cases, and its accuracy in diagnosing right hepatic invasion was 100%. However, IDUS was able to visualize the proper hepatic artery in only four cases (18%), and the left hepatic artery in only three cases (14%), respectively. IDUS could not visualize the area outside of the hepatoduodenal ligament, because of its low penetration depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IDUS proved useful for assessing the extension of bile duct cancer invasion into the right hepatic artery. However, IDUS did not sufficiently demonstrate the proper hepatic artery and the left hepatic artery for diagnosing vascular involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ido
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizono
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011859:Radiography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional