title: The effect on human tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta production of diets enriched in n-3 fatty acids from vegetable oil or fish oil.
abstract: The effect of a flaxseed oil-based diet on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) synthesis was examined in healthy volunteers. Use of flaxseed oil in domestic food preparation for 4 wk inhibited TNF alpha and IL-1 beta production by approximately 30%. Fish-oil supplementation (9 g/d) continued for a further 4 wk; TNF alpha and IL-1 beta synthesis were inhibited by 74% and 80%, respectively. There was a significant inverse exponential relation between TNF alpha or IL-1 beta synthesis and mononuclear cell content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an n--3 fatty acid derived from ingested EPA (fish oil) or metabolism of ingested alpha-linolenic acid (flaxseed oil). Cytokine production decreased as cellular EPA increased to approximately 1% of total fatty acids. Further increases in EPA content did not result in further decreases in cytokine production. The results indicate that vegetable oils rich in n--3 fatty acids inhibit TNF alpha and IL-1 beta synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Caughey
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mantzioris
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005395:Fish Oils; D006368:Helianthus; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D015777:Eicosanoids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D007375:Interleukin-1; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha