title: Cigarette smoking and its risk factors among elementary school students in Beijing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated patterns of and risk factors for smoking among elementary school children in Beijing, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1988, anonymous questionnaires were administered to a multistage stratified cluster sample of 16996 students, aged mostly 10 to 12, in 479 fourth- to sixth-grade classes from 122 Beijing elementary schools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 28% of boys and 3% of girls had smoked cigarettes. The most frequently cited reasons for smoking initiation were "to imitate others' behavior" and "to see what it was like." Girls were more likely to get cigarettes from home than to purchase their own. Having close friends who smoked and being encouraged by close friends to smoke were strong risk factors for smoking. Smoking was also associated with lower parental socioeconomic status; having parents, siblings, or teachers who smoked; buying cigarettes for parents; performing poorly in school; and not believing that smoking is harmful to health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender differences in smoking prevalence among adolescents in China are larger than those among US teenagers, whereas the proximal risk factors for smoking are similar. Major efforts are needed to monitor and prevent smoking initiation among Chinese adolescents, particularly girls.
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA., USA.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Giovino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires