title: One-stage repair of interrupted aortic arch, ventricular septal defect, and subaortic obstruction in the neonate: a novel approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One-stage repair of interrupted aortic arch, ventricular septal defect, and severe subaortic stenosis represents a surgical challenge. Techniques that use extracardiac conduits to bypass the subaortic area or involve transaortic or transatrial resection of the conal septum have shown limitations and have failed to reduce the high mortality rate associated with subaortic obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new operative approach was used in nine neonates (2.1 to 3.9 kg) who underwent one-stage repair of interrupted aortic arch (type B, eight patients; type C, one patient), ventricular septal defect, and severe subaortic stenosis. All patients had severe subaortic stenosis according to preoperative echocardiography (mean ratio of subaortic to descending aortic diameter, 0.63 +/- 0.08). With a transpulmonary (seven patients) or transatrial (two patients) approach and without resection of the conal septum, the ventricular septal patch was placed on the left side of the septum to deflect the conal septum anteriorly and away from the subaortic area. There were no early or late deaths. Median intensive care unit and hospital stays were 17 days (6 to 47 days) and 21 days (10 to 55 days), respectively. On follow-up echocardiography (1 to 29 months, median 12 months), no patients had significant residual subaortic obstruction and one patient had mild residual arch obstruction (20 mm Hg). Growth of the subaortic region was demonstrated in all patients (mean ratio of subaortic to descending aortic diameter, 1.20 +/- 0.10; < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relief of severe subaortic stenosis during one-stage neonatal repair of aortic arch interruption and ventricular septal defect can be accomplished successfully without resection of the conal septum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, USA.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Luciani
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Starnes
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011662:Pulmonary Subvalvular Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome