title: Bicistronic and two-gene retroviral vectors for using MDR1 as a selectable marker and a therapeutic gene.
abstract: We describe a series of two-gene and bicistronic retroviral vectors that use the human MDR1 gene as a selectable marker for the overexpression of a second heterologous gene in transduced cells. The vectors use Harvey murine sarcoma virus sequences for viral expression and packaging functions and include sites for cloning foreign genes of interest under the control of either an internal promoter (two-gene vectors) or an internal ribosome entry site (bicistronic vectors). To characterize these vectors, we used neo as a reporter gene for foreign gene expression and as an independently selectable marker for comparison with MDR1. Each of the vector constructions supported high-titer retrovirus production and transduction of mouse and human cell lines. Using MDR1-neo virus supernatants in parallel titering assays, we found that titers based on colchicine resistance were 10- to 20-fold lower than titers based on G418 resistance, suggesting that MDR1 is a more stringent selectable marker than neo in NIH 3T3 and KB-3-1 cell lines. Whereas neo gene expression with the two-gene vectors was subject to host-specific limitations on internal promoter activity, the bicistronic vectors were highly active in three cell lines tested. In K562 cells, using the bicistronic vector, selection with colchicine led to at least 20-fold higher expression of the MDR1 gene product than did selection with G418, suggesting that the stringent MDR1 selection system is very efficient for obtaining overexpression of foreign genes. Retroviral vectors carrying MDR1 as a selectable marker plus a second, heterologous gene of interest could have widespread utility for in vitro and in vivo applications of gene transfer technology, including gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Doroshow
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kane
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003078:Colchicine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017931:DNA Primers; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005796:Genes; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005819:Genetic Markers; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006251:Harvey murine sarcoma virus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007624:KB Cells; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D017931:DNA Primers; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005839:Gentamicins; C010680:antibiotic G 418; D003078:Colchicine