title: Triple paraneoplastic syndrome of hypercalcemia, leukocytosis and cachexia in two human tumor xenografts in nude mice.
abstract: Nude mice bearing the human oral cavity carcinoma cell line OCC-1, and the lung cancer cell line LC-1, developed a triple paraneoplastic syndrome consisting of hypercalcemia, cachexia and leukocytosis. All of these abnormalities disappeared rapidly after surgical resection of the tumors, suggesting their ectopic humoral nature. Search for the factors responsible for the respective abnormalities revealed that the production of parathyroid hormone-related protein and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), mainly granulocyte-CSF, by the tumors could explain the hypercalcemia and leukocytosis, respectively. With regard to the severe cachexia, the production of two cachexia-associated cytokines, interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor, was able to explain the syndrome in OCC-1 bearing nude mice; however, the factor responsible in LC-1 bearing nude mice could not be identified. The triple paraneoplastic syndrome that developed in these two animal models could be explained partly by concomitant production of the peptide hormone and cytokines by cancer cells. These animal models may be very useful for the evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for humoral abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Growth Factor Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kajimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsubo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gyotoku
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ekimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002100:Cachexia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D008222:Lymphokines; C470121:PTHLH protein, human; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins