title: Four fatal cases of nephropathia epidemica.
abstract: Four serologically confirmed fatal cases of nephropathia epidemica (NE), the mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) are described. All the patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation. Autopsies revealed hemorrhage and necrotic areas of their pituitary glands, myocarditis, venous congestion and hemorrhage of the kidneys as well as pulmonary edema and hemorrhage of the lungs in all patients. This report provides new evidence that NE can be a fatal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valtonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kauppila
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kotilainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lähdevirta
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Svartbäck
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kosunen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nurminen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sarkkinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brummer-Korvenkontio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000209:etiology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D018778:Hantavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology; D006480:Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged