title: S-cone pathway sensitivity in diabetes measured with threshold versus intensity curves on flashed backgrounds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study sensitivity loss to short wavelength lights in patients with diabetes with or without retinopathy and to identify changes that cannot be attributed to preretinal screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flash-on-flash thresholds were measured in 41 patients with diabetes and were compared to those in age-matched normals. A 50-ms, 1 degree blue test spot was presented simultaneously with a 500-ms, 2 degree blue flash. A bright yellow background isolated the S-cone system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean flash-on-flash threshold curve shifted up as the stage of retinopathy progressed in 16 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), including those without retinopathy. In 25 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), those with preproliferative retinopathy revealed sensitivity loss; however, those with background retinopathy or without retinopathy showed no statistically significant change in sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of sensitivity loss in the patients with IDDM cannot be caused by changes in preretinal screening, including yellowing of the lens. Further, early functional changes in the patients with IDDM without retinopathy can be detected by this method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology*