title: Peak torque, average power, and hamstrings/quadriceps ratios in nondisabled adults and adults with mental retardation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps peak torque (Nm), average power (watts), and corresponding hamstring/quadriceps (HQ) ratios (as percentages) of adult men with Down syndrome(DS), with mental retardation without Down syndrome (NDS), and nondisabled sedentary controls (SC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated measures analysis of variance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were tested at a university exercise science laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer sample of 35 subjects: SC(n=13), DS(n=9), and NDS (n=13).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects performed isokinetic strength tests at 60 degrees /sec and 90 degrees/sec using gravity effected torque procedures. Subjects with DS and NDS performed the test on two separate days with best results selected for statistical comparisons. Sedentary controls performed the test once.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps peak torque and average power, and corresponding HQ ratios on a Cybex 340 isokinetic dynamometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all isokinetic parameters measured, sedentary controls demonstrated significantly higher scores than subjects with DS and NDS. There was no significant difference between subjects with DS and NDS, although mean peak torque and average power scores were greater in subjects with NDS. Finally, there were no significant differences in peak torque and average power HQ ratios across groups (p> .01), although group mean peak torque HQ ratios were greatest for sedentary controls (range=61% to 63%) and approximated accepted HQ ratio norms, and lowest for subjects with DS(range=40% to 46%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with mental retardation are in need of progressive resistance exercise programs to improve hamstring and quadriceps strength and normalize HQ strength and power ratios.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 003824-3559, U.S.A.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Pitetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007700:Kinetics; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values