title: Development of nitrate tolerance in human arteries and veins: comparison of nitroglycerin and SPM 5185.
abstract: Nitrate tolerance is a clinical problem in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure. Human internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins obtained intraoperatively were suspended in organ chambers, and isometric tension was measured. In the artery, nitroglycerin elicited a potent relaxation, which was significantly diminished after prolonged incubation with nitroglycerin (10(-6) M, 1 h). In contrast, no tolerance occurred in saphenous vein under the same conditions. However, incubation with 10(-5) M nitroglycerin also developed tolerance. Compared to nitroglycerin, the new cysteine-containing mononitrate SPM 5185 exhibited a lower sensitivity but comparable maximal relaxation in arteries and veins. In nitroglycerin-tolerant arteries and veins, SPM 5185 caused relaxations similar to those under control conditions. Our results show that in isolated blood vessels, vascular nitrate tolerance occurs more readily in the mammary artery than in the saphenous vein. SPM 5185 seems to be less prone to the development of tolerance, which may be advantageous during chronic nitrate therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, University Hospitals, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Arnet
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siebenmann
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: von Segesser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turina
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stulz
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lüscher
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C076992:N-nitratopivaloyl-S-(N'-acetylalanyl)-cysteine ethyl ester; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D000111:Acetylcysteine