title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide causes rapid Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and long lasting Ca2+ influx mediated by Na+ influx-dependent membrane depolarization in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been reported to increase intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and catecholamine release in adrenal chromaffin cells. We measured [Ca2+]i with fura-2 and recorded ion currents and membrane potentials with the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique to elucidate the mechanism of PACAP-induced [Ca2+]i increase in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. PACAP caused [Ca2+]i to increase due to Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx, and this was accompanied by membrane depolarization and inward currents. The Ca2+ release was suppressed by ryanodine, an inhibitor of caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ stores, but was unaffected by cinnarizine, an inhibitor of inositol trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release. Ca2+ influx and inward currents were both inhibited by replacement of extracellular Na+, and Ca2+ influx was inhibited by nicardipine, an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, or by staurosporine, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, but was unaffected by a combination of omega- conotoxin-GVIA, omega-agatoxin-IVA, and omega-conotoxin- MVIIC, blockers of N-, P-, and Q-type Ca2+ channels. Moreover, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, a PKC activator, induced inward currents and Ca2+ influx. These results indicate that PACAP causes both Ca2+ release, mainly from caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ stores, and Ca2+ influx via L-type Ca2+ channels activated by membrane depolarization that depends on PKC-mediated Na+ influx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanno
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002838:Chromaffin System / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012964:Sodium / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium