title: The effects of hemodialysis (HD) membranes on interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta) production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
abstract: Dialysis-related symptoms are thought to be mediated by monocyte/macrophage-derived inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). We investigated the effect of hemodialysis (HD) membranes on IL-1 beta production using cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the cell content and production of IL-1 beta were measured by ELISA. PBMC from a single healthy donor incubated with 5% of untreated plasma, and we found that HD patients plasma enhanced IL-1 beta production less than normal control plasma. The plasma obtained from the venous side of HD patients 15 minutes after starting a single HD (15-min HD plasma) did not enhance IL-1 beta production as much as the plasma from the arterial side, either before or upon completion of a single HD (pre-HD plasma, post-HD plasma). We studied IL-1 beta productivity when pre-HD plasma (arterial side) and 15-min HD plasma (venous side) were added to autologous PBMC. The IL-1 beta production by PBMC was less when the 15-min HD plasma was added to PBMC as compared to when the pre-HD plasma was added. This reduction tended to be greater when a dialyzer membrane used was a large-pore type made of regenerated cellulose (RC) or polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) than with a small-pore RC membrane. After HD for 2 weeks using a small-pore RC membrane, the same HD patient was then treated with a large-pore RC membrane. The PBMC IL-1 beta production level decreased with the use of the large-pore RC as compared to the case with the small-pore RC membranes. The present study suggests that large-pore dialyzer membranes remove middle molecules and low molecular weight proteins which enhance IL-1 beta production, and that this production may be regulated by some mechanism unrelated to complement activation.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Dynamics Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Momoi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008567:Membranes, Artificial