title: Prevention of bone mineral loss in patients with Crohn's disease by long-term oral vitamin D supplementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether long-term dietary supplementation with low doses of vitamin D helps to prevent bone loss and the development of osteoporosis or osteomalacia in out-patients with Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The out-patient clinic of a tertiary centre (university hospital).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five out-patients (31 men and 44 women, aged 16-77 years) with Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were randomly assigned to receive either an oral supplement of 1000 IU/day vitamin D for 1 year or no supplement. Bone mineral density, assessed in the distal part of the nondominant forearm using single photon absorptiometry, and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, assessed using a competitive protein binding assay, were measured before and after the period of dietary supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative change of bone mineral density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased in 57% of patients who received a supplement (compared with 37% of control patients). Bone mineral density decreased significantly in control patients [median -7%, interquartile range -12.6-(+0.4%)] but not in patients who received a supplement [median -0.2%, interquartile range -3.8-(+14%); P < 0.005]. Increases in bone mineral density were especially prevalent among patients who received the supplement and had normal serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (68%), whereas increases occurred in only 18% of patients with low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P = 0.008). Patients without an intestinal resection and receiving the vitamin D supplement had a marginally greater increase in bone mineral content than patients who had undergone a resection (P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term oral vitamin D supplementation seems to be an efficient means of preventing bone loss in patients with Crohn's disease and could be recommended, especially for patients at high risk of osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Internal Medicine IV (Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology), University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vogelsang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferenci
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Resch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gangl
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010018:Osteomalacia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002112:Calcifediol