title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the neonate with congenital renal disease and pulmonary hypoplasia.
abstract: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective treatment modality for the newborn with refractory hypoxemia. Oligohydramnios can be associated with congenital renal disease (CRD) and can result in respiratory insufficiency from pulmonary hypoplasia, delayed lung maturation, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. In this retrospective study, the authors reviewed the outcome of four children with CRD who required ECMO in the neonatal period. Between October 1987 and December 1995, ECMO was used in four newborns with CRD and pulmonary hypoplasia unresponsive to maximal medical management. The causes of CRD were urinary obstruction (2), renal dysplasia (1), and vesicoureteral reflux (1). Neonatal survivors of ECMO with CRD had regular follow-up with a nephrologist, urologist, and pediatrician. Developmental history, assessment of renal function, and a nutritional evaluation were recorded on each visit. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 5 years. All patients with CRD were successfully weaned from ECMO. One child died, at 1 month of age, because of renal failure. The estimated glomerular filtration rates in the three survivors were 20, 24, and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Growth and development have been delayed in two patients. Based on the author's experience, ECMO may improve the survival of neonates with pulmonary hypoplasia and CRD. Factors associated with successful long-term outcome include (1) renal disease amenable to surgical correction, (2) aggressive nutritional support, and (3) a reliable social support system.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Caesar
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Dudell
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guerrant
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Griswold
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lemire
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Reznik
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000628:therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000628:therapy; D008168:Lung / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D016104:Oligohydramnios / Q000150:complications*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome