title: Testing of methicillin resistance by in vitro susceptibility and the presence of the mecA gene in clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Finland.
abstract: A total of 140 epidemiologically unrelated Staphylococcus aureus strains collected in Finland between 1983 and 1994 were sent to the reference laboratory with verified or suspected methicillin resistance. These strains and 37 S. aureus strains previously identified as methicillin-susceptible were retested using 5 different susceptibility test methods including agar screening, disc diffusion, growth around methicillin (25 micrograms) test strips and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations by an agar dilution method and E-test. The isolates were also analyzed for the presence of the mecA gene by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on in vitro susceptibility, 69 strains were identified as methicillin-resistant and were positive for the mecA gene in PCR, while 84 strains were methicillin-susceptible and negative for this gene. Susceptibility testing gave conflicting results for 24 (14%) strains. When the tests were repeated in triplicate for each isolate, discrepant results were still achieved with 18 of the 24 strains in at least 2 different tests. Thus, based on in vitro susceptibility, these strains could not be definitely classified as resistant or susceptible to methicillin. Yet 7 of them were positive for the mecA gene as an indication of genetic resistance to methicillin. Corroborating earlier studies, these results illustrate the difficulty of detecting methicillin resistance/susceptibility based only on susceptibility testing and underscore the importance of confirming methicillin resistance in S. aureus in specialized laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kotilainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyvärinen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Linko
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eerola
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sivonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huovinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vuopio-Varkila
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005387:Finland; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial