Common principles of protein translocation across membranes.
Most major systems that transport proteins across a membrane share the following features: an amino-terminal transient signal sequence on the transported protein, a targeting system on the cis side of the membrane, a hetero-oligomeric transmembrane channel that is gated both across and within the plane of the membrane, a peripherally attached protein translocation motor that is powered by the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphate, and a protein folding system on the trans side of the membrane. These transport systems are divided into two families: export systems that export proteins out of the cytosol, and import systems that transport proteins into cytosol-like compartments.
Schatz
G
G
Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Switzerland.
Dobberstein
B
B
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008830:Microbodies / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017510:Protein Folding; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011506:Proteins; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases