title: Cardiovascular effects of intravenous triiodothyronine in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial. Duke T3 study group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that triiodothyronine (T(3)) administration improves hemodynamic variables and decreases inotropic drug requirements in cardiac surgery patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 211 patients undergoing coronary artery surgery at high risk for requiring inotropic drug support.
  
  
  METHODS
  At release of aortic cross-clamp, patients were randomized to an intravenous infusion of T(3) (0.8 microg/kg followed by 0.12 microg.kg(-1).h(-1) for 6 hours), dopamine (positive control, 5 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) for 6 hours) or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perioperative hemodynamic variables, inotropic support requirements, and serum T(3) concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean+/-SEM free T(3) serum concentrations decreased significantly during cardiopulmonary bypass in all groups (from 0.0035+/-0.0001 nmol/L [0.23+/-0.01 ng/dL] to 0.001+/-0.0001 nmol/L [0.7+/- 0.00 ng/dL]; P=.001) and increased to 0.0133+/-0.0004 nmol/L [0.87+/-0.03 ng/dL] (twice normal range; P<.001) following initiation of intravenous T(3). Intravenous T(3) did not change hemodynamic variables or inotropic drug requirements; however, heart rate increased (P<.001), and a trend toward decreased use of inotropic agents was demonstrated in the dopamine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triiodothyronine administration prevents decreases in serum thyroid hormone concentrations associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. Intravenous T(3) does not have dramatic effects on hemodynamic variables in this setting as has been previously suggested. Although mild effects on myocardial performance may exist, we cannot recommend at this time the routine use of intravenous T(3) as an inotropic agent in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bennett-Guerrero
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schwinn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D004298:Dopamine