title: Transdermal iontophoresis and solute penetration across excised human skin.
abstract: The potential of transdermal iontophoresis to facilitate drug delivery was evaluated by studying the transport kinetics of model compounds salicylate (anion), phenylethylamine (cation), mannitol (polar neutral compound of low molecular weight), and inulin (polar neutral compound of high molecular weight) using an excised human skin model. The transport kinetics of solutes were determined across both intact and cellophane-tape-stripped dermatomed skin both in the presence and absence of applied current to probe the mechanisms of iontophoretic delivery. Iontophoresis effectively enhanced delivery of all compounds relative to passive transport. The skin is shown to be both ion selective and size selective. On the basis of results from present work and other studies, the "aqueous pathway" of iontophoretic transport is further reinforced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco 94143-0989, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anliker
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zavortink
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D004058:Diffusion; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007444:Inulin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008353:Mannitol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010539:Permeability; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012459:Salicylates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic; D010627:Phenethylamines; D012459:Salicylates; D008353:Mannitol; D007444:Inulin