title: Ocular availability of gentamicin in small animals after topical administration of a conventional eye drop solution and a novel long acting bioadhesive ophthalmic drug insert.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gentamicin eye drop solutions have a short precorneal residence time. The present study investigates the effect of gentamicin using a new long acting delivery Bioadhesive Ophthalmic Insert (BODI) in healthy dogs and rabbits and compares the results with a conventional regimen using an eye drop solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo assays were performed on animals after deposition of one BODI and instillations of an eye drop solution. Tear samples were collected over 72 hours and 60 minutes, in the case of inserts and eye drop solution respectively. The gentamicin concentration profiles in tear fluid (determined by a fluorescent polarization immunoassay technique) was individually analyzed, in each animal, in relation with the minimum inhibitory concentration observed in vitro against some bacteria. A non classical pharmacokinetic approach was used for the analysis of the topically applied drug substance, involving two parameters: the efficacy area under the curve (AUCeff) and the efficacy time (teff).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the case of the eye drop solution, the AUCeff were higher in dogs (2.80 10(3) - 3.64 10(3) [micrograms ml-1 h]) than in rabbits (0.64 x 10(3) - 0.95 x 10(3) [micrograms ml-1 h]); the teff had a similar behavior: 6-15 [h] in dogs and 2-6 [h] in rabbits. In the case of BODIs, the AUCeff and the teff were quite similar between dogs and rabbits: 190 10(3) - 205 10(3) [micrograms ml-1 h] and 70-76 [h], respectively. The AUCeff and the teff were always much higher in the case of BODIs than for the eye drop solution both in dogs and rabbits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that topical administration of gentamicin using BODIs can improve treatment due to the decreasing number of applications while ensuring an effective level of antibiotic in tears controlled by the device.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gurtler
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kaltsatos
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boisramé
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deleforge
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gex-Fabry
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Balant
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gurny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001681:Biological Assay; D001682:Biological Availability; D004285:Dogs; D004343:Drug Implants; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016231:Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006207:Half-Life; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011817:Rabbits; D013045:Species Specificity; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism; D014014:Tissue Adhesives
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004343:Drug Implants; D005839:Gentamicins; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D014014:Tissue Adhesives