title: Invasive pneumococcal infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.
abstract: Invasive pneumococcal infection (IPI) is the most common serious bacterial infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. Data from a population-based pediatric HIV surveillance project were used to determine the incidence of IPI in HIV-infected children and to conduct a case-control study assessing potential risk factors for IPI in HIV-infected children. There were 50 episodes of IPI and a cumulative incidence of 6.1 cases/100 patient-years through age 7 years. Children with IPI were more likely to have a prior AIDS diagnosis (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-15.1) and higher levels of IgG and IgM (P=.01) than were controls. In a separate case-control study, the manifestations of IPI in HIV-infected children were compared with those in HIV-negative controls. Focal complication rates in the 2 groups did not differ; however, HIV-infected children were less likely than controls to have leukocytosis (P<.001) and more likely to have isolates with penicillin resistance (P=.03).
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reddington
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bachur
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors