Antibody response to diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis vaccines in relation to the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
A prospective study of antibody production by adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after vaccination with T lymphocyte-dependent diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and inactivated trivalent poliovirus vaccine was conducted. Individuals were divided into three groups according to CD4+ T-lymphocyte count: group 1 had a count of < or = 100-300 x 10(6)/L; and group 3, > 300 x 10(6)/L. After vaccination, 61%, 70%, and 73% of the individuals in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, developed protective titers of antibody to diphtheria toxin; the mean postvaccination antibody titer of HIV-infected individuals was significantly lower than that of healthy controls not infected with HIV. Furthermore, the mean titers of antibodies to tetanus toxin and poliovirus were significantly lower in HIV-infected individuals with CD4+ lymphocyte counts of < 300 x 10(6)/L than in controls. Of the HIV-infected vaccinees, 83%-100% were protected against tetanus and 78%-100% against polio. We conclude that HIV-infected individuals with CD4+ lymphocyte counts of < 300 x 10(6)/L have an impaired (secondary) antibody response after receipt of T lymphocyte-dependent vaccines.
Kroon
F P
FP
Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.
van Dissel
J T
JT
Labadie
J
J
van Loon
A M
AM
van Furth
R
R
D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology*
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid