title: Gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine and cyclosporin A. Clinical and morphometric study with image analysis.
abstract: In this study, we developed a quantitative method with digital image analysis to evaluate the degree of gingival overgrowth (GO), and compared GO in kidney transplant patients treated with cyclosporin A (CsA) (n = 21) or CsA+nifedipine (n = 8) and a group of healthy controls (n = 30). The method was reproducible and reliable. Our findings showed significant differences in papillary and gingival surface between controls and transplant patients treated with GO inducers. Gingival overgrowth index also differed significantly between controls and each patient group (p < 0.01, Kruskal-Wallis test). The administration of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine potentiated the adverse effect of CsA: comparison of the morphometric findings revealed significant differences between patients treated with CsA alone and CsA+nifedipine in papillary area, dental area, and GO index (p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U-test). We conclude that the method of image analysis we developed is useful in assessing the degree of GO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Granada Hospital, School of Medicine, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: O'Valle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mesa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aneiros
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Morales
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Revelles
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caballero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005885:Gingival Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010781:Photography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009543:Nifedipine