title: Effects of pentoxifylline on circulating cytokine concentrations and hemodynamics in patients with septic shock: results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a continuous intravenous infusion of pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, alters the serum cytokine concentrations and/or hemodynamic measurements in patients with septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical intensive care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to receive either pentoxifylline (1 mg/kg) followed by an infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/hr for 24 hrs (n = 8), or placebo (n = 8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassays; IL-8 concentrations by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pentoxifylline concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 hrs after study entry. Pulmonary artery catheter-derived hemodynamics were measured at 0, 0.75, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hrs. In pentoxifylline-treated patients, at 24 hrs, serum concentrations of TNF were significantly lower compared with controls (12 +/- 2 vs. 42 +/- 12 pg/mL, respectively, p = .04). Serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 did not differ between the two treatment groups. There were also no significant differences in any hemodynamic and oxygenation measurements comparing the two treatment groups. Pentoxifylline concentrations were 1,544 +/- 241 ng/mL after the initial dose, and 5,776 +/- 1,781 ng/mL at the end of the 24-hr infusion. Five patients in the pentoxifylline group and four patients in the placebo group died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pentoxifylline is able to decrease serum TNF but not IL-6 or IL-8 serum concentrations during septic shock. Pentoxifylline was well tolerated by all eight patients with no adverse effect. Further studies are needed to determine if pentoxifylline's ability to lower circulating TNF concentration without altering hemodynamics will improve outcome in septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Bellevue Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vindimian
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gery
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vermesch
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bertrand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010431:Pentoxifylline