title: Cigarette smoking increases the development of initial hyperplasia after vascular injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine whether exposure to cigarette smoke increases the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) after vascular injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent standardized balloon catheter injury of the left common carotid artery. For 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after injury, animals in the experimental group (n=8) were exposed to cigarette smoke with an automated vacuum pump device. Animals in the control group (n=8) were restrained in the smoking device for an identical amount of time and underwent arterial injury at 4 vivo, prepared as histologic cross sections, and stained for elastin. IH was measured by planimetry and is reported both as the absolute area of IH and as the ratio (IH/IEL) of the absolute area of IH to the normalized area enclosed by the internal elastic lamina (expressed as a percent).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The absolute area of IH was 2.09 +/- 0.34 for the experimental group compared with 0.94 +/- 0.25 for the control group; mean IH/IEL was 43% +/- 7.1% for the experimental group versus 17.7% +/- 4.7% for the control group (p < 0.05, two tailed unpaired t test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhalation of cigarette smoke increases the development of intimal hyperplasia in a rat model of a balloon catheter arterial injury.
authors.affiliation: Section of Vasular Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Gelabert
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hajjar
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Colburn
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Petrik
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Quiñones-Baldrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002404:Catheterization; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology