title: Evidence for a promoter-like activity in the short non-coding region of human papillomaviruses.
abstract: A short non-coding region (SNR) commonly exists between the E5 and L2 open reading frames of human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Except for the poly(A) signal for early gene transcripts, no biological functions have been discovered for the SNR. To test a possible promoter-like activity of the SNR, we carried out CAT reporter assays using constructs containing the SNRs from HPV-16, -18 and -33 linked to a promoterless CAT gene. We reproducibly observed enhanced expression of CAT gene by the SNRs. Co-expression of a transcriptional activator (LAP/NF-IL6) or deletion of the poly(A) signal augmented the promoter-like activity of the SNRs. RNase protection assays revealed a LAP-inducible CAT mRNA properly initiated from the HPV-16 SNR. These results may suggest that the SNR has a promoter activity that is regulated by keratinocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Shionogi Institute for Medical Science, Settsu-shi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujikawa-Adachi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshie
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002213:Capsid / Q000235:genetics; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012260:Ribonucleases
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; C063316:L2 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; C080100:oncogene viral capsid protein L2, human papillomavirus type 33; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D012260:Ribonucleases