title: The clinical effects on plaque and gingivitis over three-month's use of four complex-design manual toothbrushes.
abstract: The Colgate Total (formerly Colgate Precision) was evaluated along with the New Improved Crest Complete, Reach Advanced Design and Oral-B Advantage toothbrushes to compare six-week and three-month effects on plaque and gingivitis. One-hundred and ninety-three male and female participants completed a three-month, unsupervised toothbrushing study, brushing their teeth twice daily with one of these four products and a standard fluoride dentifrice. Plaque was quantified using the Rustogi et al. refinement of the Modified Navy Plaque Index. Gingivitis levels were measured using the Lobene et al Modified Gingival index. After initial screening examinations, the qualifying population (0.6 plaque, 1.8 gingivitis) was given a complete oral prophylaxis and instructed to return after forty-eight hours of no oral hygiene for baseline evaluations. The study population was split into four balanced groups after baseline examinations and assigned, by group, to use a particular toothbrush for the study duration. Subjects returned after six weeks and three months for safety and efficacy evaluations. There were no reported or observed untoward effects at any examination time in the study. Plaque and gingivitis mean values were not significantly different at baseline between the four groups. Results from this three-month clinical study demonstrated a significant reduction (p<.0001) in plaque levels and gingivitis for all of the four toothbrushes compared to baseline. At both six weeks and three months, gingivitis and plaque means were significantly lower (p<.01) in the Colgate Total group compared to the other three toothbrushes tested. When changes from six weeks to three months were statistically analyzed only the Colgate Total toothbrush significantly reduced (p<.001) gingivitis mean scores.
authors.affiliation: BioSci Research Canada Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galustians
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McCool
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Rustogi
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000628:therapy*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*