title: Total and respirable dust in swine confinement buildings: the benefit of respiratory protective masks and effect of recirculated air.
abstract: Caretakers and pigs in dusty environments inhale particles and toxic gases which can cause subclinical illness. We determined the reduction in sampled dust elicited by respiratory masks mounted on glass funnels. Open-faced filters or British cyclones were sampled to measure quantities of dust which the masks had trapped. Respiratory masks reduced the sampled total suspended particulates (open-faced filters) by > or = 75% with NIOSH/MSHA certified protectant (2-tie) masks and > or = 50% with NIOSH/MSHA non-certified comfort (1-tie) masks. Respirable particulates (British cyclones) were reduced by > or = 45% with NIOSH/MSHA certified protectant (2-tie) masks. These data suggest properly worn respiratory protective masks afford significant protection against both total suspended and respirable particulates in swine confinement facilities. Penetration of 3-25% of total aerosol mass through masks allowing only 1% penetration of a silica aerosol with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.6-1.0 microns suggested that measurable portions of the aerosol mass in these confinement houses behaved as if they were less than 1 micron in diameter. Because of the small size of the aerosol, NIOSH/MSHA certified respiratory protective masks should be worn when working in those facilities. We also studied concentrations of ammonia, endotoxin and total and respirable dust particles to determine effects of a recirculation fan which increased the nominal air flow capacity of the building by 10%. Recirculated air had minimal effects on ammonia, total airborne endotoxin or total particulate mass.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pickrell
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Heber
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gearhart
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Cederberg
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Oehme
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schoneweis
mesh_terms: D000389:Air Conditioning; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010316:Particle Size; D012134:Respiratory Protective Devices; D013552:Swine; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004391:Dust