title: High-dose continuous intravenous infusion of interleukin-2 therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the University of Chicago experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) administered as continuous intravenous (CIV) infusion or as bolus injection results in response rates of 15% to 30%; however, toxicities with these regimens have been severe. A trial in which CIV IL-2 was administered at high doses during days 1 to 5 and at reduced doses during days 10 to 20 reported less toxicity without a decrease in response rates. We treated a series of patients with this regimen and our experience is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were treated with IL-2 by CIV at a dose of 18 x 10(6) IU/m2/day for 5 days followed by 4 to 6 days of rest followed by 10 days of CIV IL-2 at a dose of 6 x 10(6) IU/m2/day. Five patients also received CT-1501R, a pentoxifylline derivative.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was 1 partial responder (PR) and there were no complete responses. The patient with the PR had a 14 x 9 cm(2) renal tumor with metastases to lung, pancreas, and liver. A surgical resection induced a CR, but he relapsed 9 months later. Severe toxicities included hyponatremia (serum sodium of less than 123 mmol/L) (n=3), biopsy-proven cardiomyopathy (n=1), creatinine more than 4.5 mg/dL (n=7), and sudden death (n=1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that high-dose CIV IL-2 therapy of renal cell carcinoma results in severe toxicity and cannot be recommended for general use. Alternatives need to be developed.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Vogelzang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012074:Remission Induction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007376:Interleukin-2; C025189:lisofylline; D010431:Pentoxifylline