title: PBK modeling for metals. Examples with lead, uranium, and chromium.
abstract: Physiologically-based models for metals differ in several key respects from models for organic compounds. Although sequestration by binding to specific metal-binding proteins in liver, kidney, and red cell may be important, neither the magnitude and pattern of metabolism nor potential accumulation in fat is a component of models of metal kinetics. In addition, the long residence times of bone-seeking elements require that bone turnover and metabolism be incorporated into physiologically-based models for these elements. Three mechanism (rapid exchange at bone/blood interfaces, trapping or incorporation with forming bone and loss with resorbing bone, and slow exchange throughout the total bone volume) are potentially important in the overall interchange of bone-seeking elements between blood and bone. Three examples are given of applications of physiologically-based kinetic models for the bone-seeking elements lead, chromium, and uranium to assist in answering practical questions relating to bioavailability, distribution, and data interpretation.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, OH 45267-0056, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: O'Flaherty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002857:Chromium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D014501:Uranium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D014501:Uranium