title: Cervical carcinoma and pregnancy. A national patterns of care study of the American College of Surgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The American College of Surgeons conducted a national patient care and evaluation study of invasive cervical carcinoma in pregnant patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Invasive cervical carcinoma was diagnosed in 161 patients who were pregnant at the time of diagnosis. A long term study of 78 patients diagnosed in 1984 was compared with a short term study of 83 patients diagnosed in 1990.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 31.8 years. Clinical stages were: IA (29%); IB (54%); IIA (6%); IIB (4%); IIIA (0%); IIIB (3%); IV (1%; AND IVB 3%). Thirty-one percent of patient were diagnosed in the first trimester, 34% in the second, and 35% in the third. A tumor size of 4 cm or larger in diameter was found in 36% of the patients diagnosed in the first trimester, 40% of the patients diagnosed in the second, and 38% of the patients diagnosed in the third. Patients were treated with surgery alone (86), radiotherapy alone (30), or with combination therapy (45). The overall 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed in 1984 was 82%. In this group, the 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed in the first trimester was 94.6%, in the second, 76.9%, and in the third, 68.9%. Comparing the two time periods, surgical therapy was performed more often by gynecologic oncologists in 1990 (69% vs. 42%), and a greater percentage of patients were diagnosed with a tumor size of 4 cm or larger in diameter (43% vs. 26%) as well as with stage IIB-IVB disease (15% vs. 6.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis of pregnant patients with invasive cervical carcinoma is similar to that for nonpregnant patients. The significant number of patients diagnosed in the second and third trimesters and the frequent finding of large tumors in all trimesters emphasize the need for patient education and early prenatal evaluation, including cervical cytology and biopsy of any clinically abnormal cervix.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Shingleton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fremgen
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clive
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Winchester
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chmiel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*