title: Visipaque is isotonic to human and rat blood plasma.
abstract: Even at its highest concentration, 320 mg I/ml, Visipaque - based on the nonionic dimer iodixanol - is isoosmotic to blood plasma, whereas Omnipaque (300 mg I/ml) - based on the nonionic monomer iohexol - has an osmolality of about twice that of the plasma. However, the fact that the solution is isoosmotic to plasma does not necessarily mean that it is isotonic to plasma. An isoosmotic solution can still cause a net movement of water over the plasma membranes of, for example, erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Determination of the tonicity of Visipaque 320 mg I/ml and comparison with that of Omnipaque 300 mg I/ml and hypertonic NaCl have been performed. No change in the water content of human erythrocytes was seen after mixing whole blood 10:1 with either Visipaque 320 mg I/ml or 155 mM NaCl, whereas a significant decrease in water content occurred with Omnipaque 300 mg I/ml and 620 mM NaCl. No difference in the water content of rat erythrocytes was evident after mixing whole blood with Visipaque 320 mg I/ml or isotonic NaCl. However, as with human erythrocytes, a significant decrease in water content occurred after rat blood was mixed with Omnipaque 300 mg I/ml. In conclusion, Visipaque 320 mg I/ml does not cause any net movement of water over the human or the rat erythrocyte plasma membrane, i.e., Visipaque is isotonic to human and rat blood plasma.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Refsum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008297:Male; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C044834:iodixanol