title: Discrimination in resolving systems. II: Ephedrine-substituted mandelic acids.
abstract: Binary diastereomeric (-) (1R,2S)-ephedrine salts of various mandelic acids obtained from 95% ethanol show considerable differences in solubility. Structures and some properties of the less-soluble (L) and more-soluble (M) solid phases of (-)-ephedrine with unsubstituted mandelic acid, 2-, 3-, and 4-monosubstituted halo (F, Cl, Br) mandelic acids, and 3- and 4-methylmandelic acids have been determined. Salts were found to be binary, without solvent of crystallization, and composed of double-layered arrays of alternating anions and cations linked by H-bonds normal to the layers. H-bonding links charged donors and acceptors usually along a crystallographic 2-fold screw axis. A striking discrimination is evident in that the (2R)-mandelate salts typically display a compact four-atom chain as the H-bonding repeating unit [+N--H...O(-C(-)--O)...H-N', C2(1)(4)] while the (2S)-mandelate salts adopt a more dimensionally variable six-atom chain repeating unit [+N--H...O--C(-)--O...H--N', C2(2)(6)]. Two distinct packing schemes display the shorter H-bonding chain of the (2R)-mandelates which always occurs with ephedrinium ions in the fully extended conformation. Slightly greater packing efficiency and H-bonding energies of the (2R)-mandelate salts correlates with increased fusion points, lower solubilities (95% ethanol), and higher heats of fusion relative to the phase adopted by their diastereoisomers. In contrast, (2S)-mandelate salts exhibit considerably more structural variability involving all three major ephedrinium conformations, and at least four distinct packing motifs. Mandelates with larger 3'-substituents (Cl, Br, methyl) show similar property discriminations, but these occur with an opposing trend, that is, between phases in which the less-soluble salts contain (2S)-mandelates. Salts with 2-bromomandelate do not show property disparities and their structures are dissimilar to the other phases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Mississippi College, Clinton, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zubkowski
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Eggleston
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shui
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D012995:Solubility; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D008333:Mandelic Acids; D004809:Ephedrine