title: Trends in photoprotection in American fashion magazines, 1983-1993. will fashion make you look old and ugly?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the past 50 years recreational sun exposure has greatly increased in the United States.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the photoprotecion message of American fashion magazines and to identify recent trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated models for tan, skin exposure, and other sun-related criteria in six leading fashion magazines between 1983 and 1993. We also recorded the number of sunscreen advertisements and sun awareness articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 3031 models. Adult models had darker tans and greater skin exposure than adolescents and children. Men had darker tans than women. We noted trends toward lighter tans, more women wearing hats, more sunscreen advertisements, and sun awareness articles. Many sunscreen advertisements glorified tanning. Their models had darker tans and more skin exposure, and fewer wore a hat than did nonadvertisement models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fashion industry and especially sunsreen manufacturers promote excessive sun exposure. Although we found encouraging trends, gains were modest, especially in men's magazines.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuskowski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D012737:Sex Factors; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents