title: Fracture toughness of resin-modified glass ionomers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and compare the fracture toughness of a multi-purpose resin composite, four light-cured glass ionomers, one light-cured resin ionomer, and two silver-containing glass ionomers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten specimens were fabricated for each of the eight materials: Herculite XRV, Fuji II LC, Photac-Fil, Vitrebond, Photac-Bond, VariGlass VLC, Ketac-Silver, and Miracle Mix. All materials were handled according to manufacturers' instructions during specimen fabrication, stored in 100% humidity for 2 weeks, and tested wet in a universal testing machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean fracture toughness values (MPa . m(0.5) + or - S.D.) were: Herculite XRV = 1.17 + or - 0.09, Fuji II LC = 1.37 + or - 0.10, Photac-Fil = 1.27 + or - 0.08, VariGlass = 0.90 + or - 0.07, Vitrebond = 0.88 = or - 0.06, Photac-Bond = 1.09 + or - 0.09, Ketac-Silver = 0.51 + or - 0.08, and Miracle Mix = 0.30 + or - 0.07. There was a significant difference in the means (ANOVA P<0.0001). Fuji II LC and Photac-Fil were significantly tougher than any of the other materials (Tukey's HSD test P<0.01).
authors.affiliation: Chandler Medical Center, Department of Oral Health Practice, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY 40536-0084, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kovarik
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Muncy
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016722:Cermet Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D016722:Cermet Cements; D003188:Composite Resins; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C088835:Photac-Bond; C081144:Photac-Fil; D019279:Resin Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C081982:VariGlass VLC; C078801:Miracle Mix; C065770:Herculite XR; C067790:Vitrabond