title: Self-regard: a new measure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The status of patients and research subjects is usually considered in terms of self-reported symptoms. Measures seldom include disturbances in a conscious sense of the self. An additional brief measure of the sense of current self-regard is desirable, since a conscious lapse in an integrated self-concept may occur under stressful circumstances. The authors constructed and tested such a measure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical interviews had indicated five common experiences that occurred more frequently as complaints during stress-induced regressions in the sense of the self as a functioning mind-body agency. An anchored five-item scale, the Self-Regard Questionnaire, was constructed and tested with 79 subjects who were in the midst of grief from the death of a spouse. Data analyses included checks on the internal coherence of questionnaire scale scores and their association with symptom, personality, and social desirability measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The five-item Self-Regard Questionnaire was completed quickly, in less than a minute, and led to internally consistent and unique data. Low levels of overall self-regard were correlated with higher levels of distress and predicted prolonged distress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the questionnaire is a useful, quick, and easy-to-score self-report tool for assessing, and reassessing over time, current experiences of the self. The five questions may also be useful to clinicians who evaluate patients in contexts other than research.
authors.affiliation: Center on Stress and Personality, UCSF, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sonneborn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maercker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D012043:Regression, Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D012928:Social Desirability; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires