title: Prevalence of retinal hemorrhages in infants after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of vision-threatening retinal hemorrhages in infants after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and possible correlation between retinal hemorrhages and brain hemorrhages, thrombocytopenia, carotid reanastomosis, or death after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the findings of dilated ophthalmoscopic examinations performed on 37 children an average of 16 days after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (35 neonates and two 1-year-old children).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five (13%) of the 37 children examined had small (< or = 1 disk diameter) intraretinal hemorrhages. Presence or absence of retinal hemorrhages did not correlate with presence of cerebral hemorrhage, mean platelet count during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a history of reanastomosis of the carotid artery, or subsequent death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal hemorrhages observed after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are not necessarily caused by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; some hemorrhages may be benign and related to parturition. Children who undergo venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are at low risk for vision-threatening retinal hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tychsen
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008923:Missouri / Q000453:epidemiology; D010976:Platelet Count; D015995:Prevalence; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors