title: Resting metabolic rate and cardiovascular disease risk in resistance- and aerobic-trained middle-aged women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged women differing in training status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four healthy middle-aged women characterized as resistance-trained (RT; n = 8; 43 +/- 3 yrs), aerobic-trained (AT; n = 12; 42 +/- 5 yrs) or untrained (UT; n = 34; 44 +/- 4 yrs) according to habitual exercise practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  RMR, substrate oxidation, body composition, body fat distribution, supine blood pressure, peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2), dietary intake and fasting levels of plasma lipids and hormones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RMR was higher (P < 0.01) in AT and RT women compared to UT women, independent of differences in fat-free mass. No differences in RMR were noted between RT and AT groups. No differences in estimated rates of carbohydrate or fat oxidation were noted among groups. RT women displayed lower plasma cholesterol (P < 0.01), LDL-C (P < 0.01) and supine diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05) compared to UT and AT women. No differences, however, were noted among groups for triglycerides, HDL-C, supine systolic blood pressure or the insulin to glucose ratio. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that fat mass accounted for the greatest portion of the variation in plasma cholesterol and LDL-C. Statistical control for fat mass diminished differences in these variables among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Resting energy requirements are higher in AT and RT middle-aged women compared to UT women, and (2) the lower fasting cholesterol and LDL-C in RT middle-aged women were primarily related to their lower amount of body fat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Poehlman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D009584:Nitrogen