title: Identification of a Caulobacter crescentus operon encoding hrcA, involved in negatively regulating heat-inducible transcription, and the chaperone gene grpE.
abstract: In response to elevated temperature, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells increase expression of a small family of chaperones. The regulatory network that functions to control the transcription of the heat shock genes in bacteria includes unique structural motifs in the promoter region of these genes and the expression of alternate sigma factors. One of the conserved structural motifs, the inverted repeat CIRCE element, is found in the 5' region of many heat shock operons, including the Caulobacter crescentus groESL operon. We report the identification of another C. crescentus heat shock operon containing two genes, hrcA (hrc for heat shock regulation at CIRCE elements) and a grpE homolog. Disruption of the hrcA gene, homologs of which are also found upstream of grpE in other bacteria, increased transcription of the groESL operon, and this effect was dependent on the presence of an intact CIRCE element. This suggests a role for HrcA in negative regulation of heat shock gene expression. We identified a major promoter transcribing both hrcA and grpE and a minor promoter located within the hrcA coding sequence just upstream of grpE. Both promoters were heat shock inducible, with maximal expression 10 to 20 min after heat shock. Both promoters were also expressed constitutively throughout the cell cycle under physiological conditions. C. crescentus GrpE, shown to be essential for viability at low and high temperatures, complemented an Escherichia coli delta grpE strain in spite of significant differences in the N- and C-terminal regions of these two proteins, demonstrating functional conservation of this important stress protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5427, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toochinda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avedissian
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Baldini
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D016935:Caulobacter crescentus / Q000235:genetics*; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009876:Operon / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C068113:GrpE protein, Bacteria; C489400:GrpE protein, E coli; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; C083980:dnaN protein, Bacteria