title: Detection of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) and interleukin (IL)-6 in human seminal plasma and effect of leukospermia on these cytokine levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate whether monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are present in the seminal plasma, and whether these presence is modulated by leukospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen samples from 53 men were obtained by masturbation and examined for the presence of MCAF and IL-6 by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Semen samples were obtained from 28 infertile men without leukospermia, 16 infertile men with leukospermia, and nine proven-fertile men. The correlation between the amount of MCAF in the seminal plasma with some spermiogram parameters and other cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 was statistically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactive MCAF was detected in the seminal plasmas of all 53 subjects. The MCAF titer in the seminal plasma of patients with leukospermia (11.19 +/- 2.75 micrograms/l) was significantly higher than that in the seminal plasma of the patients without leukospermia (3.24 +/- 0.53 micrograms/l) and the fertile men (2.78 +/- 0.35 micrograms/l) (P < 0.001). The IL-6 titer in the seminal plasma of the patients with leukospermia (21.05 +/- 4.49 ng/l) was also significantly higher than that in the seminal plasma of the patients without leukospermia (8.77 +/- 1.92 ng/l) and the fertile men (6.94 +/- 1.27 ng/l) (P < 0.01). There was a high degree of correlation among the levels of MCAF, IL-6 and IL-8 in the seminal plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrated the presence of MCAF and IL-6 in the seminal plasma, and that the levels of these cytokines were elevated in the seminal plasma of the infertile patients with leukospermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tanizawa
mesh_terms: D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8