title: An outbreak of acute hepatitis C among recipients of intravenous immunoglobulin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An association between therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, Gammagard, Baxter Healthcare Corp) and acute hepatitis C (HCV) was reported by the manufacturer in 1994.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to describe those patients at risk at our institution who developed HCV infection after IVIG (Gammagard) treatment(s).
  
  
  METHODS
  An inception cohort study of patients with exposure to contaminated IVIG in a university tertiary care institution. Twenty-three patients received suspect IVIG and presented to be screened for HCV via ELISA II and polymerase chain reaction techniques. We describe the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with hepatitis C infection from IVIG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of 23 (44%) patients who had received immunoglobulin (2 g/kg) for neurologic or immunologic disorders and were tested for anti-HCV were positive. All were also HCV-RNA positive by polymerase chain reaction. None had other HCV risk factors; all but two had normal aminotransferases documented prior to therapy. The patients had received monthly therapy for periods ranging from 2 to 60 months. Four patients were asymptomatic and the others had mild symptoms. One patient spontaneously became PCR negative within 12 months after exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin (Gammagard, Baxter Healthcare Corp) between March, 1993, and February, 1994, are at risk for acute hepatitis C. The initial sequellae appear to be mild and spontaneous remission is possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Oregon health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Flora
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiele
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Benner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montanaro
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whitham
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Press
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009922:Oregon / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous