title: Modified hemi-Fontan operation: an alternative definitive palliation for high-risk patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conceptualized that by adding small amounts of prograde pulmonary blood flow to the hemi-Fontan operation, or bidirectional Glenn procedure, this modified hemi-Fontan operation could be safely done at an early age, with better oxygenation, and with less potential for pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since April 1992 the hemi-Fontan operation was modified by adding some prograde flow through the native pulmonary artery in 10 high-risk infants, either by leaving the critical subpulmonary stenosis untreated (n = 6) or by tightening a previously placed pulmonary artery band (n = 4). All other sources of pulmonary blood flow were interrupted. Patients were 4 to 23 months old (3.8 to 10.3 kg). Diagnoses included isolated dextrocardia with single ventricle (3) and polysplenia syndrome (2). Cardiopulmonary bypass was needed in 5 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no hospital deaths. Mean postoperative intensive care unit stay was 2 days, and 9 of 10 patients were discharged within 7 days of operation. One 4-month-old infant with Down's syndrome survived postoperative takedown of the hemi-Fontan repair after pneumonia and caval thrombosis developed. Eight patients are currently asymptomatic receiving minimal modification, and oxygen saturations range from 84% to 93%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding small volumes of prograde pulmonary blood flow to the hemi-Fontan operation is safe, provides improved oxygenation, may encourage growth of central pulmonary arteries, and represent an alternative definitive palliation for high-risk Fontan candidates.
authors.affiliation: Section of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Knott-Craig
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fryar-Dragg
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Overholt
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Razook
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Elkins
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010166:Palliative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012307:Risk Factors