title: Lipid microemulsions for improving drug dissolution and oral absorption: physical and biopharmaceutical aspects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review highlights the state-of-the-art in pharmaceutical microemulsions with emphasis on self-emulsifying systems, from both a physical and biopharmaceutical perspective. Although these systems have several pharmaceutical applications, this review is primarily focused on their potential for oral drug delivery and intestinal absorption improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physicochemical characteristics and formulation design based on drug solubility and membrane permeability are discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case studies in which lipid microemulsions have successfully been used to improve drug solubilization/dissolution and/or intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed drugs/peptides are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug development issues such as commercial viability, mechanisms involved, range of applicability, safety, scale-up and manufacture are outlined, and future research and development efforts to address these issues are discussed.
authors.affiliation: SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Constantinides
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001702:Biopharmaceutics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids; D010539:Permeability; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids