title: Lamellar biogels: fluid-membrane-based hydrogels containing polymer lipids.
abstract: A class of lamellar biological hydrogels comprised of fluid membranes of lipids and surfactants with small amounts of low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol)-derived polymer lipids (PEG-lipids) were studied by x-ray diffraction, polarized light microscopy, and rheometry. In contrast to isotropic hydrogels of polymer networks, these membrane-based birefringent liquid crystalline biogels, labeled L-alpha,g, form the gel phase when water is added to the liquid-like lamellar L-alpha phase, which reenters a liquid-like mixed phase upon further dilution. Furthermore, gels with larger water content require less PEG-lipid to remain stable. Although concentrated (approximately 50 weight percent) mixtures of free PEG (molecular weight, 5000) and water do not gel, gelation does occur in mixtures containing as little as 0.5 weight percent PEG-lipid. A defining signature of the L-alpha,g regime as it sets in from the fluid lamellar L-alpha phase is the proliferation of layer-dislocation-type defects, which are stabilized by the segregation of PEG-lipids to the defect regions of high membrane curvature that connect the membranes.
authors.affiliation: Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Warriner
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Idziak
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Slack
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Safinya
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004134:Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008560:Membrane Fluidity; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D008970:Molecular Weight; D000439:Pentanols / Q000737:chemistry; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008055:Lipids; D000439:Pentanols; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004134:Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine