Plasma retinol level, vitamin A supplementation and acute respiratory infections in children of 1-5 years old in a developing country. Respiratory Diseases Working Group.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, plasma retinol level (PRL) and incidence, severity and duration of acute respiratory infect ions (ARI) in children 1-5 years old.


METHODS
A one year prospective randomized intervention study from June 1989 to May 1990 in Cikutra, a suburb of Bandung, Indonesia.


METHODS
Out of almost 2000 children aged 12-54 months, 269 were selected by stratified randomization. Vitamin A (200,000 IU orally) was administered at 6-monthly intervals in a double blind, placebo controlled programme. Every 2 weeks, primary health care workers collected data on respiratory symptoms in the children, and every month a pediatrician examined the children. Venous blood samples were obtained at the start and at 3 and 6 months for plasma retinol levels (PRL).


RESULTS
The mean PRL at the start of the study was 20 +/- 8 micrograms/dl; 8% of the children showed a deficient level of less than 10 micrograms/dl. The incidence or ARI was 6.7 +/- 3.5 episodes per child per year with a mean duration of 5.3 +/- 3.1 days per episode. In vitamin A supplemented children the duration of ARI was slightly shorter (5.2 +/- 3.1 versus 5.6 +/- 3.1 days, P < 0.01) but no effect on the incidence or severity of ARI was detected. Low, and especially deficient, PRL had improved after 3 months and even after 6 months, but this was unrelated to vitamin A supplementation. There was also no relationship between PRL and incidence, severity or duration of ARI.


CONCLUSIONS
Only a slight relationship is found between vitamin A supplementation and ARI duration in under-fives.
Kartasasmita
C B
CB
Medical Faculty Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.
Rosmayudi
O
O
Deville
W
W
Demedts
M
M
D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*
D014801:Vitamin A