title: Lessons in cooperation: four hospital consortia relate their quality improvement experiences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1989, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation launched a demonstration project to test a consortium approach to quality improvement. As part of this project, four hospital consortia in various parts of the United States are currently sharing quality resources (for example, training) and collaborating on various improvement efforts. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate that hospitals can take on more difficult problems and accomplish more in cooperation with each other than on their own.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Institute for Quality Healthcare (Iowa City, Iowa) has built a comparative database so that 40 member hospitals can make meaningful comparisons on various aspects of performance; The Vermont Program for Quality in Health Care has lowered the postoperative infection rate in Vermont by monitoring compliance with consensus guidelines; Interwest Quality of Care, Inc, which has member organizations in Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho, has adapted and disseminated guidelines for diabetic care; and The Public Hospital Institute, in Berkeley, California, has worked with the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations to develop a written guide to help surveyors understand the unique operational traits of public hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Projects such as those with champions in several member organizations and comparative data analysis lend themselves more easily to cooperative work than others. They also provide some strategies for collaboration, such as continually reinforcing the principles of collaboration, obtaining a fully informed commitment, beginning with initiatives that are likely successes, and being serious and vocal about the commitment to confidentiality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collaborators in quality improvement gain important resources, such as better information, more relevant reference databases, colleagues and support for quality improvement specialists, and economies of scale in education programs, training materials, and interaction with vendors. However, the difficulties in collaboration are great. Hospitals must continually consider not only "What's in this for me," but also "What can we accomplish as a group that is greater than what each of us can do alone?"
authors.affiliation: Program for Improving the Quality of Hospital Care, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kabcenell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kaiden
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thraen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005582:Foundations; D006265:Health Care Coalitions; D006302:Health Services Research; D006755:Hospital Shared Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009935:Organizational Affiliation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016730:Program Development; D015206:Southwestern United States; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014707:Vermont