title: Use of intraoperative ultrasonography during hepatolithectomy.
abstract: Complete clearance of intrahepatic stones has long been a major surgical challenge. To reduce the incidence of residual stones, we used intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) to localize them and guide lithectomy in 38 patients with hepatolithiasis between July 1988 and December 1993. All patients had multiple intrahepatic stones; 24 had accompanying extrahepatic calculi. Hepatic stones were confined to the left intrahepatic biliary tract in 13 patients, to the right in 9, and in both lobes in 16. Twenty-three patients underwent common bile duct exploration followed by T-tube drainage, 8 had transhepatic lithotomy with or without choledocholithotomy, 3 had choledocolithotomy and Roux-en-Y side-to-side choledochojejunostomy, and 2 had hepaticojejunostomy, left lobectomy was performed in the remainder. In 35 patients cholecystectomy was performed at the same time. Complete clearance of the stones was achieved in 36 patients (94.7%). The incidence of retained stone was decreased to 5.3%. No associated complications occurred. IOUS can accurately localize intrahepatic calculi, directly orient lithotomy instruments to approach the stones, demonstrate the spatial relation between stone and intrahepatic critical structure, and thereby choose an optical route for transhepatic lithotomy. Imaging can be repeated at any time with no radiation exposure to the patient or the medical staff.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan Medical University, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Z X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Huai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography