title: Regulation of energy metabolism by interleukin-1beta, but not by interleukin-6, is mediated by nitric oxide in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
abstract: The effects of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) on energy metabolism were studied in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Adenine nucleotide (ATP, ADP, and AMP) content, lactate production, the ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate) reflecting the liver mitochondrial redox state (NAD+/NADH), and nitric oxide formation were measured. Insulin increased ATP content in hepatocytes and had a maximal effect after 8-12 h of culture. Both interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, significantly inhibited the ATP increase time- and dose-dependently. Interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 also stimulated lactate production. During the same period, interleukin-1beta but not interleukin-6 decreased the ketone body ratio. Furthermore, interleukin-1beta markedly stimulated nitric oxide formation in hepatocytes, and this increase was blocked by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) and by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine reversed inhibition of the ATP increase, decrease in the ketone body ratio, and increase in lactate production, which were induced by interleukin-1beta. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist completely abolished all of the effects induced by interleukin-1beta. These results demonstrated that interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 affect the insulin-induced energy metabolism in rat hepatocytes by different mechanisms. Specifically, interleukin-1beta inhibits ATP synthesis by causing the mitochondrial dysfunction, a process which may be mediated by nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitade
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanemaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakitani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okumura
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000378:metabolism; D007773:Lactates / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D007773:Lactates; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase