title: Differential production of interleukin-12 mRNA by murine macrophages in response to viable or killed Salmonella spp.
abstract: The use of attenuated Salmonella spp. as live oral vaccine carriers fo r foreign antigens has been extensively studied. We have shown that appropriately prepared nonviable organisms are as effective as viable organisms in eliciting humoral immune responses against a foreign antigen delivered by these vectors. It is not clear how strain viability affects the development of a cell-mediated immune response. In the present study, we demonstrate that BALB/c mice orally immunized with viable attenuated Salmonella spp. were protected against subsequent challenge while animals immunized with killed organisms were not. Protection was correlated with increased production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 mRNA in the Peyer's patches within hours of oral administration. Peritoneal macrophages from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive and LPS-unresponsive mice were also examined for production of IL-12 p40 mRNA following exposure to the viable or killed attenuated Salmonella carrier. There was dramatic upregulation of IL-12 p40 mRNA following exposure of macrophages to either viable or killed organisms. By 4 h postexposure, viable organisms had induced a 27-fold increase in IL-12 p40 mRNA levels while killed organisms had induced a 9-fold increase in IL-12 p40 mRNA levels. This was observed in macrophages isolated from both LPS-responsive and unresponsive mice. The higher levels of IL-12 induced by viable Salmonella spp. may result in the development of a Th1 response and cell mediated immunity, while the lower levels of IL-12 induced by killed Salmonella spp. may not be sufficient to promote a Th1 response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bost
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clements
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12