title: Spontaneous versus edrophonium-induced recovery from paralysis with mivacurium.
abstract: This study compared spontaneous with edrophonium-induced recovery of neuromuscular transmission (NMT) after mivacurium infusion. During nitrous oxide-narcotic-propofol anesthesia, the electromyogram (EMG) of the adductor pollicis (AP) was recorded and the movement of the first toe in response to stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve was noted. Mivacurium infusion was titrated to produce posttetanic count of 1-5 at the toe and absence of NMT at the AP. Thirty children were assigned to three groups on the basis of age. Edrophonium, 1 mg/kg, with atropine 10 micrograms/kg, was given after the mivacurium infusion when NMT of the AP was 1% or 10% of baseline. In the third group, spontaneous recovery was observed. Edrophonium given when NMT was 11% +/- 1% SEM produced the most rapid recovery, 7.5 +/- 0.6 min to a train-of-four (TOF) ratio (T4/T1) of 0.9 and the shortest interval from T4/T1 of 0.4-0.9, when residual block was likely to be underestimated, 4.8 +/- 0.6 min. Edrophonium given when block was greater produced recovery of the T4/T1 to 0.4 in 2.8 +/- 0.7 min, but the time from then to T4/T1 = 0.9 was 7.9 +/- 1.1 min, as long as during spontaneous recovery. Spontaneous recovery to T4/T1 = 0.9 occurred 12.9 +/- 0.7 min after the first measurable AP EMG. There was no significant relationship between duration of infusion, which ranged from 16 to 135 min, and time to appearance of AP EMG after the infusion, which averaged 3.1 +/- 0.5 min. We recommend that administration of edrophonium to induce reversal of mivacurium be delayed until two responses to a TOF stimuli are observed because this will produce the most rapid recovery and decrease the interval in which residual block may be underestimated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2583, USA.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Brandom
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Taiwo
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Woelfel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gronert
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004491:Edrophonium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000077590:Mivacurium; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007546:Isoquinolines; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D004491:Edrophonium; D000077590:Mivacurium; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D015742:Propofol