title: Topical fluoride and glass ionomer microhardness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of topical fluoride gels on the microhardness of three glass ionomer cements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cylinders of Ketac-Silver, Photac-Fil, and Fuji II LC were fabricated, stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 48 hours, and exposed to a neutral sodium fluoride gel (Karigel-N), and acidulated orthophosphoric acid gel (Karigel), and a stannous fluoride gel (Omni) at 37 degrees C for 36 hours. Knoop hardness was then recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis showed significant differences (P<0.01) between groups related to material and treatment Ketac-Silver did not demonstrate significant differences in hardness, whereas exposure to APF decreased the Knoop hardness of Fuji II LC and Photac-Fil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Univeristy of Iowwa City, IA 52243, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Díaz-Arnold
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wistrom
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Swift
mesh_terms: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016722:Cermet Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000737:chemistry*; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D008422:Materials Testing; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016722:Cermet Cements; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; D005782:Gels; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C081144:Photac-Fil; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D012969:Sodium Fluoride