title: Unilateral ureteral obstruction increases glomerular soluble guanylyl cyclase activity.
abstract: RBF and GFR are decreased in kidneys after ipsilateral unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) for 24 h. Despite net vasoconstriction, vasodilatory mechanisms respond to counterbalance the vasoconstriction: the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity is associated with a greater reduction in RBF with ipsilateral UUO. To determine whether the stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase differs between glomeruli from obstructed kidneys and normal kidneys, cGMP was measured after stimulation by 10(-3) M sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in glomeruli isolated from the kidneys of Sprague-Dawley rats after 24 h of UUO or sham operation. The generation of intracellular and extracellular (EC) cGMP (femtomoles of cGMP/100 glomeruli/per hour) was measured by RIA. After incubation with SNP, the EC accumulation of cGMP by UUO glomeruli was significantly greater than that by glomeruli from sham-operated rats (P < 0.05). When glomerular studies were repeated in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutyl methylxanthine, there was no difference in the EC accumulation of cGMP. The direct measurement of cGMP hydrolysis by phosphodiesterase was significantly less in glomerular homogenate from UUO rats compared with sham-operated rats (P < 0.05). When 10(-5) M losartan, an angiotensin II receptor inhibitor, was included in glomerular incubations, there was a significant decrease in the EC glomerular cGMP response to SNP in UUO glomeruli (P < 0.05). This attenuated response was abolished by the addition of isobutyl methylxanthine. The addition of angiotensin II did not alter the accumulation of cGMP by UUO or sham glomeruli. These studies indicate that decreased phosphodiesterase activity in UUO glomeruli contributes to the enhanced accumulation of EC glomerular cGMP after the stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase by SNP. In addition, angiotensin II receptors modulate this response, suggesting a role for soluble guanylyl cyclase in countering angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction due to UUO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Thornhill
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Norling
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D019808:Losartan; D008297:Male; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000378:metabolism*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D007093:Imidazoles; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009599:Nitroprusside; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D019808:Losartan