title: Distribution of the four founding lineage haplotypes in Native Americans suggests a single wave of migration for the New World.
abstract: The distribution of the four founding lineage haplogroups in Native Americans from North, Central, and South America shows a north to south increase in the frequency of lineage B and a North to South decrease in the frequency of lineage A. All four founding lineage haplogroups were detected in North, Central, and South America, and in Greenberg et al.'s ([1986] Curr. Anthropol. 27:477-497) three major linguistic groups (Amerind, NaDene, and Eskaleut), with all four haplogroups often found within a single population. Lineage A was the most common lineage in North America, regardless of language group. This overall distribution is most parsimonious with a single wave of migration into the New World which included multiple variants of all four founding lineage types. Torroni et al.'s ([1993a] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53:563-590) report that lineage B has a more recent divergence time than the other three lineages can best be explained by multiple variants of lineages A, C, and D, and fewer variants of lineage B entering the New World. Alternatively, there could have been multiple waves of migration from a single parent population in Asia/Siberia which repeatedly reintroduced the same lineages to the New World.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Merriwether
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rothhammer
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ferrell
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas / Q000208:ethnology; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007197:Indians, Central American / Q000235:genetics*; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics*; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial