title: Increased instability of intermediate alleles in families with sporadic Huntington disease compared to similar sized intermediate alleles in the general population.
abstract: We have directly compared intergenerational stability of intermediate alleles (IAs) derived from new mutation families (IANM) for Huntington disease (HD) with IAs in the general population (IAGP) which occur in approximately 1 in 50 persons. Analysis of meiotic events in blood and sperm reveals that IANM are significantly more unstable than IAGP despite similar size. However, for both IANM and IAGP CAG changes were small and risks for inheriting an expansion into the HD affected range were low. Sequence analysis reveals that the CAG tract is generally interrupted by a penultimate CAA in IAGP, IANM and alleles in the affected range. In one new mutation family, however, two A-->G mutations result in a pure CAG tract which is associated with very marked instability. These mutations alter the predicted DNA hairpin structure with a predicted increase in the likelihood of large expansion, supporting the model that hairpin loop formation plays an important role in trinucleotide instability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeisler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Almqvist
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sillence
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gacy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Telenius
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hayden
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D002151:Calorimetry; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009679:Nuclear Family; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010375:Pedigree; D012016:Reference Values; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004247:DNA