title: Cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in acute care settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although screening inpatients for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in acute care hospital settings has been recommended, the cost-effectiveness of screening is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the cost-effectiveness of a voluntary screening program in acute care hospitals and associated clinics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first year, an HIV screening program implemented in acute care hospital settings in which the seroprevalence of HIV infection is 1% or more would result in the identification of approximately 110,000 undetected cases of HIV infection. The program would result in expenditures of approximately $171 million for testing and counseling, and expenditures of approximately $2 billion for incremental medical care for the patients identified as having HIV infection during the first year of screening. When the seroprevalence of HIV is 1%, the cost-effectiveness of screening is $47,200 per year of life saved. When the effect of early identification of HIV infection on the patient's quality of life also is considered, screening is less cost-effective. Screening-induced reductions in risk behavior improve the cost-effectiveness of screening by preventing the transmission of HIV.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Calif, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Nease
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications