title: IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 in peritoneal fluid and macrophage-conditioned media of women with endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The presence of various cytokines in human peritoneal fluid has been incompletely evaluated. Changes in cytokine levels may be related to the development of endometriosis, infertility, and activation of peritoneal macrophages. This study assesses levels of IL-1 beta, IL-2 and TNF- alpha in peritoneal fluid and macrophage conditioned media of women with endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peritoneal fluid was collected from 51 women at the time of diagnostic or operative laparoscopy for benign gynecologic disease. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and the culture media collected. IL-1 beta, IL-2, and TNF- alpha levels were determined by commercial ELISA kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentration of IL-1 beta and TNF- alpha was significantly higher in macrophage conditioned media of patients with endometriosis (P < 0.02). However, there were no significant changes in peritoneal fluid cytokine levels. Peritoneal macrophage concentrations were also higher in patients with endometriosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the concept that endometriosis is associated with activation of peritoneal macrophages, and a higher concentration of these cells. This activation is reflected by the increased levels of cytokines found in macrophage conditioned media. The absence of significant changes in peritoneal fluid cytokine levels would seen to indicate that the above derangements are not responsible for the development or progression of endometriosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of OB/GYN, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville 37920-6999, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Chadwell
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Torry
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Caudle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha