title: Induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase and its mitogenic response to endothelial cells in human atherosclerotic and restenotic lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expression of extracellular matrix (ECM), including collagens and proteoglycans, is increased following atherosclerosis and restenosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To understand the Mechanism of ECM induction and accumulation, the balance among neutral matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) and activator (tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)) following atherosclerosis and restenosis was measured in human normal artery, and native atherosclerotic and restenotic lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on zymographic analysis, a correlation between the increase in latent and intrinsic MMP activity and an increase in the duration from first angioplasty to restenotic atherectomy was found, suggesting decreased MMP activity from normal tissue to restenotic tissue. ELISA was carried out to measure the level of TIMP. Inhibition of collagenase activity, against fluorescein-conjugated type I collagen degradation, by normal, de novo and restenotic extracts was determined. TIMP levels were found to be increased in restenotic lesions (0.38+/-0.04 ng/mL) compared with normal arterial tissue (0.27+/-0.05 ng/mL) and with tissue derived from de novo (0.30+/-0.02 ng/mL atherosclerotic lesions. Mitogenic activity of tissue extracts, against normal human heart endothelial (HHE) cells, was measured using acid phosphatase assay as the marker of cell number. Based on neutralizing antibody to TIMP, mitogenic activity was observed in restenotic tissue to HHE cells. Using plasminogen/gelatin zymographic analysis, no significant change was observed in the level of tPA in extracts from all three groups (i.e., 8.1+/-1.2, 8.7+/-0.6, and 8.6+/-0.3 (arbitrary unit) in normal, de novo and restenotic tissue, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that accumulation of ECM in restenotic tissue following mechanical revascularization may in part be due to repression in MMP expression, and may be associated with increased level of TIMP and its mitogenic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Health Sciences Center, Columbia, USA. cardtyag@mizzou1.missouri.edu
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schmaltz
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Voelker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017073:Atherectomy; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004727:Endothelium / Q000166:cytology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005109:Extracellular Matrix; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012008:Recurrence; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008934:Mitogens; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases