MIP-1 gamma: molecular cloning, expression, and biological activities of a novel CC chemokine that is constitutively secreted in vivo.
We have identified a novel CC chemokine family member, herein termed MIP-1 gamma in view of its similarity to existing members of the MIP-1 group. The murine protein has a predicted length of 100 amino acids. Like MIP-1 alpha, recombinant MIP-1 gamma acts as a pyrogen when administered intracerebroventricularly. MIP-1 gamma and MIP-1 alpha engage the same high-affinity receptor on neutrophils, activating calcium release within seconds following cell contact. Pretreatment with either chemokine abolishes responses to the other, and to itself, suggesting utilization of a common signaling pathway. However, unlike MIP-1 alpha or any of the other CC chemokines, MIP-1 gamma is expressed constitutively by a wide variety of tissues, and circulates in the blood of healthy mice at concentrations of approximately 1 microgram/ml (90 nM). It would therefore be predicted that MIP-1 gamma occupies most of the CC chemokine receptors that exist in the intravascular compartment. As such it might, under normal circumstances, markedly influence responses to the inducible CC chemokines.
Poltorak
A N
AN
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA.
Bazzoni
F
F
Smirnova
I I
II
Alejos
E
E
Thompson
P
P
Luheshi
G
G
Rothwell
N
N
Beutler
B
B
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D015870:Gene Expression; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015846:Monokines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D015846:Monokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins