title: Use of chimeric human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 reverse transcriptases for structure-function analysis and for mapping susceptibility to nonnucleoside inhibitors.
abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) reverse transcriptases (RTs) are evolutionary related. To study the effect of homologous sequence replacements on polymerase function and to map the determinants of the lack of susceptibility of HIV-2 RT to nonnucleoside drugs, a series of chimeric HIV-1/HIV-2 RTs were constructed. Analysis of the chimeric RTs showed that wild-type levels of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity were retained when both finger and palm subdomains were exchanged as a unit between the two parental RTs. Analysis of enzymatically active chimeras for inhibition by the thiobenzimidazolone derivative TIBO R82150 showed that a segment of HIV-2 RT at 212-250, when placed in the HIV-1 RT context, conferred a 40-fold decrease in susceptibility to TIBO R82150. Site-directed mutagenesis of this segment found Tyr227 to be a key residue in this segment for the natural resistance of HIV-2 RT to TIBO R82150.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Drosopoulos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007093:Imidazoles; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C062687:R 82150; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C072416:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 2; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase