title: Biliary complications of Fasciola hepatica: the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in management.
abstract: The parasite Fasciola hepatica resides in the biliary tree but rarely causes significant clinical sequelae. In this report, we review our experience with four patients in whom F. hepatica infection resulted in biliary complications, especially severe biliary colic and jaundice. The diagnosis was achieved with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography which demonstrated the worms in the extrahepatic bile ducts. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed uneventfully in all patients allowing balloon extraction of the parasites and resolution of their symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi, Jackson, USA.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: el-Newihi
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Waked
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mihas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology / Q000628:therapy; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000469:parasitology; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000628:therapy; D003085:Colic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000628:therapy; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic