title: Cellular distribution patterns of lanthanum and morphometry of rat hearts exposed to different degrees of ischemic stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The element lanthanum (La) can be used as a tracer for verification of membrane permeability. The aim of this study was to establish whether 1) distribution of La in the myocardium of rat hearts depends on the degree of ischemic stress and 2) morphometrically determined cell and mitochondrial swelling correlates with the La distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated beating rat hearts were arrested by coronary perfusion with the cardioplegic solution Custodiol (controls) or by aortic cross clamping followed by exposure to different degrees of ischemic stress. The solutions for perfusion-and postfixation as well as for rinsing contained 1.1% La(NO3)3. Cellular and mitochondrial swelling were determined morphometrically and myocytes exhibiting intracellular La were quantified and stated as percentage of test fields.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediately after cardiac arrest La was present as precipitates only in a few myocytes adjacent to the outer mitochondrial membrane as seen by cTEM and ESI. In such cells La was also detected by EELS in mitochondrial matrix and myofibrils. Advanced ischemic stress led to an increase of the percentage of myocytes containing detectable intracellular La. After 45 min ischemia at 30 degrees C, myocytes and mitochondria showed a remarkable edema and different intracellular distribution patterns of La. After 90 min of ischemia at 20 degrees C interruptions of sarcolemma could only be detected in a few of the swollen myocytes. Roundish La granules were seen in the myofibrils. The percentage of myocytes containing intracellular La and the extent of cellular and mitochondrial swelling showed a significant correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patterns of intracellular La distribution depend on the degree of ischemic stress and correspond to the degree of cellular as well as mitochondrial edema. These results point at a direct relation between alterations of membrane permeability and development of edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmiedl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fehrenbach
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008933:Mitochondrial Swelling; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007811:Lanthanum