title: Increased baseline sway contributes to increased losses of balance in older people following triazolam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although it has been stated frequently that older people are more sensitive to benzodiazepines, the relative roles of impaired baseline performance, impaired elimination, and altered responsiveness have not been defined. We evaluated postural sway and plasma triazolam concentrations after administration of placebo and triazolam 0.375 mg in both young and older healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine young and nine older healthy men.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects received triazolam 0.375 mg or placebo on different study days, which were separated by at least 48 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postural sway, visual analog scale of drowsiness, and plasma triazolam levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The older subjects swayed more during triazolam than did the younger subjects, and this resulted in an increased number of losses of balance. This difference appeared to be caused by greater baseline sway in the older subjects rather than higher concentrations or increased responsiveness. A subset of older people had a much greater number of losses of balance during triazolam than did the rest of the subjects, and these individuals could be identified from their baseline sway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the increase in drug effect seen in the older subjects was of similar magnitude to that of the young, but it resulted in greater postural sway after drug administration than was seen in the young. The higher postural sway and the corresponding increased instability seen in the older subjects may put these older persons at increased risk of drug-related falls. This study also suggests that it should be possible to develop techniques that will identify individuals at particular risk of drug-induced postural instability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Edeki
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Shiavi
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects*; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D014229:Triazolam / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D014229:Triazolam