title: Human pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine patterns induced by Streptococcus pyogenes erythrogenic (pyrogenic) exotoxin A and C superantigens.
abstract: The superantigenic streptococcal erythrogenic toxins A and C (ETA/SPEA and ETC/SPEC) elicit the production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of substantial amounts of Th1-derived cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon) as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist). In contrast, very low levels of IL-4 and no alpha interferon were induced. The production of these cytokines after stimulation with Streptococcus pyogenes heat-killed bacteria and lipopolysaccharide from gram negative bacteria differed qualitatively and quantitatively from that elicited by the superantigens.
authors.affiliation: Unite des Toxines Microbiennes (URA 1858 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Paris, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Müller-Alouf
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Alouf
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ozegowski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fitting
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cavaillon
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000276:immunology*; D018089:Superantigens / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D005098:Exotoxins; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C117980:SpeA protein, Streptococcus pyogenes; D018089:Superantigens; C027951:erythrogenic toxin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma