title: Golf-related ocular injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine patient outcomes from golf-related ocular injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review of patients treated at the University of Michigan during the six-year period from November 1989 to October 1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of nine injuries treated in the six-year period, six of the patients with ocular injuries from golfing required enucleation. Seven of the injuries were from golf balls, and remaining two were injuries from golf clubs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although unpredictable and difficult to avoid, proper golf etiquette and safety may diminish the incidence of golf-related ocular injures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michican, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Burnstine
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Elner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006055:Golf / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014823:Vitreous Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery