title: A founder mutation as a cause of cerebral cavernous malformation in Hispanic Americans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral cavernous malformation is a vascular disease of the brain causing headaches, seizures, and cerebral hemorrhage. Familial and sporadic cases are recognized, and a gene causing familial disease has been mapped to chromosome 7. Hispanic Americans have a higher prevalence of cavernous malformation than do other ethnic groups, raising the possibility that affected persons in this population have inherited the same mutation from a common ancestor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the segregation of genetic markers and clinical cases of cavernous malformation in Hispanic-American kindreds with familial disease; we also compared the alleles for markers linked to cavernous malformation in patients with familial and sporadic cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All kindreds with familial disease showed linkage of cavernous malformation to a short segment of chromosome 7 (odds supporting linkage, 4X10(10).1). Forty-seven affected members of 14 kindreds shared identical alleles for up to 15 markers linked to the cavernous-malformation gene, demonstrating that they had inherited the same mutation from a common ancestor. Ten patients with sporadic cases also shared these same alleles, indicating that they too had inherited the same mutation. Thirty-three asymptomatic carriers of the disease gene were identified, demonstrating the variability and age dependence of the development of symptoms and explaining the appearance of apparently sporadic cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Virtually all cases of familial and sporadic cavernous malformation among Hispanic Americans of Mexican descent are due to the inheritance of the same mutation from a common ancestor.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. 06510, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gunel
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Finberg
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Anson
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Batjer
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kopitnik
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Giannotta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nelson-Williams
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lifton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006392:Hemangioma, Cavernous / Q000235:genetics*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree