title: Antibodies to butyrate-inducible antigens of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in patients with HIV-1 infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recent identification in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma of DNA sequences with homology to gammaherpesviruses has led to the hypothesis that a newly identified virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpeslike virus (KSHV), has a role in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. We developed serologic markers for KSHV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  KSHV antigens were prepared from a cell line (BC-1) that contains the genomes of both KSHV and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We used immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays to examine serum samples from 102 patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection for antibodies to KSHV-associated proteins and to distinguish these antibodies from antibodies to EBV antigens. A positive serologic response was defined by the recognition of an antigenic polypeptide, p40, in n-butyrate-treated BC-1 cells and by the absence of p40 recognition in untreated BC-1 cells or EBV-infected, KSHV-negative cells. The detection by the immunofluorescence assay of 10 to 20 times more antigen-positive cells in n-butyrate-treated BC-1 cells than in untreated cells was considered a positive response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibodies to the p40 antigen expressed by chemically treated BC-1 cells were identified in 32 of 48 HIV-1-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (67 percent), as compared with only 7 of 54 HIV-1-infected patients without Kaposi's sarcoma (13 percent). These results were confirmed by an immunofluorescence assay. The positive predictive value of the serologic tests for Kaposi's sarcoma was 82 percent, and the negative predictive value 75 percent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of antibodies to a KSHV antigenic peptide correlates with the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma in a high-risk population and provides further evidence of an etiologic role for KSHV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn 06520, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Rigsby
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heston
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metroka
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002087:Butyrates; D020148:Butyric Acid; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015658:HIV Infections; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor; D015415:Biomarkers; D002087:Butyrates; D020148:Butyric Acid