title: Circulating factor associated with increased glomerular permeability to albumin in recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heavy proteinuria and progressive renal injury recur after transplantation in up to 40 percent of patients with renal failure caused by idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. A circulating factor may be responsible for this recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine whether patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have a circulating factor capable of causing glomerular injury, we tested serum samples from 100 patients with the disorder in an in vitro assay of glomerular permeability to albumin. Of the 56 patients who had undergone renal transplantation, 33 had recurrences. Sixty-four patients, many of whom had undergone transplantation, were being treated with dialysis. Thirty-one patients with other renal diseases and nine normal subjects were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 33 patients with recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after transplantation had a higher mean (+/-SE) value for permeability to albumin (0.47+/-0.06) than the normal subjects (0.06+/-0.07) or the patients who did not have recurrences (0.14+/-0.06). After plasmapheresis in six patients with recurrences, the permeability was reduced (from 0.79+/-0.06 to 0.10+/-0.05, P = 0.008), and proteinuria was significantly decreased. Patients with corticosteroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome or with membranous nephropathy after transplantation had low levels of serum activity. The circulating factor bound to protein A and hydrophobic-interaction columns and had an apparent molecular mass of about 50 kd.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A circulating factor found in some patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is associated with recurrent disease after renal transplantation and may be responsible for initiating the renal injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Savin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lovell
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Warady
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gunwar
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chonko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Artero
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vincenti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000418:Albumins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012008:Recurrence; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins