title: [Backward fall in Alpine skiing. Case study of the effect of the back spoiler of the ski shoe on muscle activity and kinematics].
abstract: For the investigation of the boot-induced anterior cruciate ligament injury and experimental case study with a prototype ski boot was performed. The back spoiler of this boot was designed to yield by only some degrees with a certain level of backward moment. A mechanical switch allowed to activate or to block this mechanism. Ten jumps over a prepared hill with activated and ten jumps with blocked spoiler mechanism were performed in randomised order. During the jump and landing the EMG of eight lower extremity muscles were recorded and synchronised to two S-VHS cameras suitable for 2D-analysis of the angle kinematics. The aim of these experiments was to quantify the muscular and kinematic effects caused by the new spoiler characteristics and also to establish a method for their judgement. For the quantification of the muscular effects an activity quotient was defined and for the analysis of the kinematics the time history of three body angles and their variation between the trials were found to be appropriate. The results of this case study showed an increase of the activity quotient for all observed muscles and a higher accuracy of motion with the activated spoiler mechanism. These findings an be taken as an indication for better muscular joint guiding in the knee and justify a randomised field study using the proposed methods.
authors.affiliation: BASiS-Institut, TUV Product Service München.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Senner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schaff
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bubb
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ehrlenspiel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000503:physiopathology; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D012775:Shoes; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012865:Skiing / Q000293:injuries*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation