title: Making peer review statistically accountable.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The peer review process used in most hospitals is largely anecdotal, leading to criticisms about the objectivity of the methods employed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of 1,500 consecutive abdominal operations performed by general surgeons working at three hospitals in a single community were reviewed. The outcome profile of each surgeon was compared statistically to the cumulative profile of the surgical community with adjustments for physiologic status of the patient, difficulty of the operation, and indications for surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A problem surgeon was thus identified whose poor results were significantly different from the rest of the surgical community and could not be explained on the basis of unfavorable patient mix or complexity of the procedures undertaken.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistical comparison of a surgeon's outcome profile with those of his colleagues working in the same practice environment is suggested as an approach to the task of peer review that might prove preferable to the usual retrospective review of problem cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Family Health Plan Cooperative, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53215, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Scher
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Scott-Conner
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010380:Peer Review / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards*