title: Retinoic acid modulates the in vivo and in vitro growth of IL-6 autocrine human myeloma cell lines via induction of apoptosis.
abstract: We previously showed that IL-6 is an autocrine growth factor for two human myeloma cell lines, RPMI 8226 and U266. We investigated here the in vitro and in vivo effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on the growth and survival of these two cell lines. RA induced a dramatic dose- and time-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of both cell lines. This inhibition was correlated with a down-modulation of the cell surface expression of the IL-6 binding chain (gp80) and the transducing chain (gp130) of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). Long-term culture experiments showed that down-modulation of gp80 expression was complete at days 15 and 30 in the presence of 10(-5) and 10(-7) mol/l of RA, respectively. Gp 130 expression was greatly decreased, albeit still detectable, in similar culture conditions. RA-mediated interruption of the IL-6 autocrine loop was associated with a decrease of bcl-2 oncoprotein expression and apoptosis of the myeloma cells which was RA concentration- and time-dependent. The in vivo relevance of the effects of RA was studied on tumours which developed in nude mice inoculated with a subclone of RPMI 8226. Whereas tumours grew in all control mice, 40% of tumours regressed within 20 days in RA-treated mice. Cells from regressing tumours featured characteristics of apoptosis and exhibited low gp80 and gp130 expression. Our study indicate that long-term RA treatment interferes in vivo and in vitro with IL-6 autocrine growth of myeloma cell lines, leading to apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Immunopathologie Clinique, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Labaume
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombel
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brouet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000473:pathology*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000378:metabolism; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D006133:Growth Substances; C494199:IL6ST protein, human; C494200:Il6st protein, mouse; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D014212:Tretinoin