title: Parenchymal enhancement and tumor visualization using a new sonographic contrast agent.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of a sonographic contrast agent to increase parenchymal echogenicity and improve tumor visibility. The agent is an emulsion that changes at body temperature from nonechogenic submicrometer liquid droplets to echogenic 1 to 5 microns microbubbles, capable of transversing the pulmonary and capillary circulations. Peripheral venous injections (dosages of 0.05 to 0.8 ml/kg) were administered to five woodchucks (three with multiple hepatomas), 12 rabbits (with renal VX-2 tumors), and four dogs. Ultrasonograms were acquired from kidney, liver, tumors (including tumor vessels) and normal vessels. Uptake and washout curves were generated via videodensitometry. Finally, Doppler shifts from a cuff transducer around the celiac trunk were analyzed to provide an in vivo dose-response curve. Vascular enhancement, including hepatoma and VX-2 tumor vessels, was seen for 2 to 3 min. Maximum enhancement was 18.7 dB for a 0.6 ml/kg dose. Enhancement of normal liver and kidney parenchyma was observed in all three species for up to 20 min. Small hepatomas became more echogenic centrally, but larger tumors showed no increase in central echogenicity. In conclusion, improved tumor visibility and parenchymal enhancement was demonstrated in animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Merton
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rawool
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002196:Capillaries; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D002445:Celiac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000662:veterinary; D008392:Marmota; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D011817:Rabbits; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D010420:Pentanes
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C008806:perfluoropentane; D010420:Pentanes