title: Light-mediated conversion of nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide by carotenoids.
abstract: Plants are more susceptible to the toxic effects of nitrogen dioxide when exposure takes place in the dark. Beta-carotene and other common carotenoids react with nitrogen dioxide in the dark to yield intermediate nitrosating agents consistent with the formation of nitrate esters. Simultaneous exposure of carotenoids to NO2 and light significantly reduced formation of nitrosating intermediates and resulted in the release of nitric oxide (NO) into the gas phase. Light-mediated reduction of NO2 to NO by carotenoids may be an important mechanism for preventing damage in plants exposed to NO2. The formation of nitrosating agents from the reaction of carotenoids with NO2 suggests that their ability to prevent nirosative damage associated with NO2 exposure in both plants and animals may be limited in the absence of light.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Honolulu 96813, USA.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Custer
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Franke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D003624:Darkness; D004782:Environmental Health; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D019207:beta Carotene
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019207:beta Carotene; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002338:Carotenoids; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide