1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift referencing in biomolecular NMR.
A considerable degree of variability exists in the way that 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shifts are reported and referenced for biomolecules. In this article we explore some of the reasons for this situation and propose guidelines for future chemical shift referencing and for conversion from many common 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift standards, now used in biomolecular NMR, to those proposed here.
Wishart
D S
DS
Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Bigam
C G
CG
Yao
J
J
Abildgaard
F
F
Dyson
H J
HJ
Oldfield
E
E
Markley
J L
JL
Sykes
B D
BD
D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D006859:Hydrogen; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D012015:Reference Standards
D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D006859:Hydrogen