title: Adhesion of composite to polished dentin retaining its smear layer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to measure the adhesion of a composite to the smear layer.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental aqueous bonding agent was supplied in the form of two liquids. One contained methacryloyl tyrosine amide (MTYA), glyceryl methacrylate (GM), dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and benzene sulfinic acid sodium salt, and the other contained glutaraldehyde, succinic acid and 2-hydroxy-3-(3,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-2-yloxy)-N,N, N-trimethy-1-propanaminium chloride (QTX). QTX is a unique water-soluble photo polymerization initiator. The application times and irradiation times of the experimental aqueous bonding agent were varied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest mean bond tensile strength was obtained by irradiating the bonding agent for 1 min. A 3 min irradiation decreased the mean bond strength when the bonding agent was applied to the polished dentin surface for 1, 3 or 5 min. The mean values resulting from the application of experimental aqueous bonding agent were higher than those from a commercially available bonding agent which preserved or modified the smear layer. There was a significant decrease in the bond strength after 500 or 2000 thermocycles in specimens with a 5 min application of the bonding agent, but there was no significant decrease in the bond strength when the application time was for 1 or 3 min. SEM observation showed the formation of a hybrid layer with a thickness of approximately 1-1.5 micrometers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aqueous bonding agent tested in this investigation was capable of penetrating the smear layer and the bond strength exceeded the values obtained by bonding agents that remove the smear layer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horie
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D003806:Dentin Permeability; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005976:Glutaral; D005989:Glycerides; D008027:Light; D008314:Malonates; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements; D016369:Smear Layer; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005989:Glycerides; D008314:Malonates; D008689:Methacrylates; C088836:Pertac-Bond; D019279:Resin Cements; C085070:Tokuso Light Bond; C069151:methacryloyl tyrosineamide; D014443:Tyrosine; C069750:glyceryl methacrylate; D005976:Glutaral