Enhancing effect of oxygen radical scavengers on murine macrophage anticryptococcal activity through production of nitric oxide.
We examined the roles of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced cryptococcostatic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages using N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a competitive inhibitor of RNI synthesis, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, oxygen radical scavengers. IFN-gamma-activated macrophages produced nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by increased nitrite concentration in the culture supernatant. IFN-gamma also enhanced the suppressive effect on cryptococcal growth in a similar dose-dependent manner. The induction of killing activity and NO production by an optimal dose of IFN-gamma (100 U/ml) was virtually suppressed by 500 microM L-NMMA. These results confirmed the importance of the RNI-mediated effector mechanism in anticryptococcal activity of macrophages. SOD and catalase significantly enhanced the cryptococcostatic activity of macrophages induced by a suboptimal dose of IFN-gamma (20 U/ml). The augmenting effect of these reagents was mediated by NO, since they potentiated the production of NO by macrophages and their effects were totally blocked by L-NMMA. Our results indicate that the IFN-gamma-induced anticryptococcal activity of macrophages is dependent mostly on RNI, and suggest that the ROI system down-regulates the effector mechanism for cryptococcostasis by suppressing the RNI system.
Tohyama
M
M
First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Kawakami
K
K
Futenma
M
M
Saito
A
A
D000818:Animals; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000502:physiology; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000276:immunology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology*; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001120:Arginine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase