title: Altered inotropic and lusitropic responses to heart rate in conscious dogs with tachycardia-induced heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of increasing heart rate on left ventricular contraction and relaxation were examined in conscious dogs with tachycardia-induced heart failure under autonomically blocked conditions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies using isolated myocardium have shown attenuated positive inotropic responses to stimulation frequency in heart failure. However, these responses have not been well examined in intact preparations in the presence of heart failure with autonomic system blockade, where the intrinsic ventricular responses to increasing heart rate could be revealed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven dogs were instrumented with a micromanometer and a conductance volume catheter. After autonomic blockade to eliminate neural reflexes, left ventricular contractile properties were quantified by the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ventricular elastance), and left ventricular relaxation was assessed by the time constant of isovolumetric ventricular pressure decay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing the heart rate by 60 beats/min enhanced ventricular elastance by 71 +/- 18% (mean +/- SD) and decreased end-systolic volume by 6 +/- 5% in normal hearts. In failing hearts, ventricular elastance increased by only 21 +/- 20%, and end-systolic volume did not change appreciably. Although the reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic and minimal pressures by tachycardia was smaller in the failing heart, ventricular relaxation rate remained unaltered both in the normal heart and in the failing heart.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under conscious but autonomically blocked conditions, effects of increasing heart rate on the failing left ventricle are characterized by a predominant attenuation of the inotropic response rather than of the lusitropic response.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asanoi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joho
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004285:Dogs; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000150:complications*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left