title: Automated solid-phase extraction coupled to gas chromatography with electron-capture detection: a combination of extraction and clean-up of pyrethroids in the analysis of surface water.
abstract: The combination of automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) and large-volume introduction gas chromatography electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) is used for the determination of synthetic pyrethroids in surface and drinking water. The selectivity that is needed for the use of GC-ECD of environmental samples is achieved by addition of a polarity modifier to the sample. In this study, sufficient methanol was added to 19 ml of sample to obtain a level of 30% of modifier prior to SPE. The cartridge is washed with one additional ml of 30% methanol in water. After drying, the cartridge is eluted with toluene. GC-ECD analysis is performed by on-column introduction of 100 microliters of the toluene extract. The whole procedure was automated by using an automated solid-phase extraction apparatus. Limits of detection (LODs) for the pyrethroids in surface water are in the range of 1 to 8 ng/1 (signal-to-noise ratio = 3); even lower limits of detection are possible for drinking water.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM) Bilthoven, Netherlands.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: van der Hoff
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pelusio
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Brinkman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Zoonen
mesh_terms: D001322:Autoanalysis; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014867:Water