title: Platelet-dependent thrombin generation in patients with diabetes mellitus: effects of glycemic control on coagulability in diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to assess the usefulness of platelet-dependent thrombin generation as an index of coagulability in diabetes and to determine the effect of glycemic control on coagulability in diabetes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is important to investigate the interaction of platelets and the coagulation factors to clarify the processes of the coagulation system in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Platelet-rich plasma (150 X 10(9)/liter), 0.5 ml, was prepared, and 40 mmol/liter of calcium chloride was added to initiate clotting. S-2238 was added to each sample in a microtiter plate every 10 min, and the absorbance of the released color product at 2 min was measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 405 nm using a microtiter plate reader as thrombin generation. We measured the platelet-independent thrombin generation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus grouped according to glycemic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Platelet-dependent thrombin generation at 30 min after calcium chloride addition was significantly higher in 23 patients with poorly glycemic-controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy (hemoglobin [Hb] A1c >/= 9.0%) than in 46 healthy normal subjects (448 +/- 75 vs. 165 +/- 28 mU/min, p < 0.001). Thrombin generation in 31 well controlled diabetic patients without complications (Hb A1c < 9.0%) was intermediate (240 +/- 72 mU/min) between those of the poorly controlled group and healthy normal subjects. Platelet-poor plasma from diabetic patients increased platelet-dependent thrombin generation in normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coagulability is evidently enhanced in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared with that in healthy normal subjects on the basis of assessments of the platelet-dependent thrombin generation, and good glycemic control may help to correct a hypercoagulable state in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Homori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D013917:Thrombin