title: [Clinical use of rigid endoscopes in avian patients].
abstract: Because of safer anaesthesia, today endoscopy is used not only in healthy birds for sex determination. The technique of laparoscopic examination of the body cavity in combination with biopsies, tracheoscopy, exploration of the ear canal, oropharynx, esophagus and ingluvies are described. Also exploration of the proventriculus entering through an ingluviotomy is discussed. The anatomical situation is described with each entering site.
authors.affiliation: Tierklinik Strebersdorf, Wien.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hochleithner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hochleithner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001717:Birds; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis