A novel spin probe with long life in vivo for ESR imaging.
A dextran-bonded nitroxide radical (TEMPO-DX) was synthesized to obtain a radical with long life in vivo for ESR imaging. TEMPO-DX was injected intravenously into a rat tail vein and the decrease in ESR intensity in the collected, circulating blood was followed. The result showed that the half life of TEMPO-DX in vivo was 30 min, the longest value reported so far and more than 30 times longer than the corresponding radicals of the six-membered piperidine ring, which means that the bonding of a radical to the polymer greatly prolonged life. The stabilities of TEMPO-DX against the reduction with L-ascorbic acid and the rat liver homogenate were also examined and compared with those of the 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrolidin-1-yloxy (CPROXYL) known as a radical stable in vivo. TEMPO-DX was shown not to be as stable as CPROXYL, thus in vivo stability of TEMPO-DX arises from the fact that it is slowly absorbed into the tissues where the radicals are quenched. An ESR image of the mouse head domain was obtained only by an intravenous injection of TEMPO-DX solution into the tail vein.
Yoshioka
H
H
Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan.
Tanizawa
H
H
Ogata
T
T
Kazama
S
S
D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D003911:Dextrans; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005609:Free Radicals; D006207:Half-Life; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D051379:Mice; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D013113:Spin Labels / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
D003911:Dextrans; D005609:Free Radicals; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013113:Spin Labels; D001205:Ascorbic Acid