Alternative triggering molecules and single chain bispecific antibodies.
Although T cell receptors and Fc receptors are the best known cytotoxic triggering molecules, a number of adhesion molecules recently have been identified as alternative triggering molecules. We discuss how CD44, an adhesion molecule found on all leukocytes and many other cell types, becomes a triggering molecule on NK cells following stimulation with IL-2. We also describe a genetically engineered single chain bispecific antibody, produced in mammalian cells and in bacteria, that is capable of redirecting lysis in the nanogram per milliliter range.
Segal
D M
DM
Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Sconocchia
G
G
Titus
J A
JA
Jost
C R
CR
Kurucz
I
I
D000818:Animals; D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific / Q000276:immunology*; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000276:immunology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D015202:Protein Engineering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes / Q000276:immunology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes