title: The clinical presentation of shoulder instability including on field management.
abstract: In the athlete, shoulder instability may result from external high-energy trauma or repetitive overuse. Our understanding of how shoulder instability may contribute to and result from shoulder injury has improved considerably during the past decade. In addition, the delicate balance between mobility and stability and the interrelationship between instability and rotator cuff disease make the clinical management of the unstable shoulder and its field treatment a challenge for physicians, therapists, trainers, and others responsible for the care of injured athletes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bahr
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Engebretsen
mesh_terms: D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008487:Medical History Taking; D010808:Physical Examination; D011859:Radiography; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging