title: Prenatal ultrasonographic assessment of the ductus arteriosus: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review current data pertaining to prenatal ultrasonography of the ductus arteriosus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed manuscripts published in the English language regarding prenatal ultrasonography and the fetal ductus arteriosus obtained from a MEDLINE search for 1966 onward. Additional sources were identified through cross-referencing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding morphology, physiology, pathophysiology of fetal disease, and hemodynamic changes after administration of various maternal medications and structural congenital anomalies of the ductus arteriosus were selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Knowledge of the function of the ductus arteriosus in both normal and abnormal fetal conditions is enhanced by prenatal ultrasonographic findings. Detailed analyses of ductus arteriosus hemodynamics are indicated in well-defined medical conditions, including maternal medication and established structural or functional fetal cardiac disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fetal ductus arteriosus is a vascular structure of major functional importance. Knowledge of physiologic hemodynamic changes of blood flow in this vessel obtained by prenatal ultrasonography in conjunction with increasing gestational age, maternal medication, fetal growth restriction, as well as the detection of structural anomalies, may assist in clinical management of complicated pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Perinatology Research Facility, Intramural Division, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Divon
mesh_terms: D004373:Ductus Arteriosus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal