title: Cervical carcinoma in Surinam. Incidence and staging of cervical carcinoma between 1989 and 1994.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic data show a high incidence of cervical cancer throughout the world and a high mortality, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and stages of cervical carcinoma in Surinam. Results were compared with data from The Netherlands (used as representative of western European countries) because of a medical and patient exchange program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for Surinamese patients analyzed in this study were based on the files from the Department of Pathology at the University of Surinam from 1989 through 1994. Cumulative and incidence rates standardized to the World Standard Population were calculated and compared with rates in other South American countries and in The Netherlands. Age distribution and stage of disease (according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) among Surinamese and Dutch women were compared. Furthermore, differences in incidence rates among the multiple ethnicities of the Surinamese population were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age standardized incidence rates for Surinam and The Netherlands were 26.7 and 6.2 per 100,000 women, respectively. The cumulative rate up to age 74 years was 2.9 in Surinam versus 0.6 in The Netherlands. Incidence in Surinam rose sharply with age. More than 40% of the Surinamese women presented with Stage IIB disease or higher compared with 12% in The Netherlands. In Surinam, low stage of disease was highest in the youngest group (48%), whereas only 18% of women 65 years or older presented with Stage I disease. Incidence rates in Surinam varied by ethnic group. Amerindians and Javanese were more likely to develop cervical cancer than were other ethnicities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical carcinoma in Surinam was characterized by high incidence rates and relatively advanced stage of disease at presentation. Moreover, incidence was not equally distributed among the different ethnic groups. This may reflect a greater exposure to risk factors and differential access to diagnostic and treatment services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Krul
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vandenbroucke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vrede
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: van Kanten
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fleuren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D044469:Racial Groups; D013532:Suriname / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*