title: The Buford complex--a variation of normal shoulder anatomy: MR arthrographic imaging features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to show the MR arthrographic imaging features of a normal anatomic variation of the shoulder: the absence of the anterior superior labrum and the presence of a "cordlike" middle glenohumeral ligament,which together are known as the Buford complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the MR arthrographic examinations of 10 patients with arthroscopically proven Buford complexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MR arthrographic examinations showed an absent anterior superior labrum and an associated cordlike middle glenohumeral ligament in all patients. No contiguous tear of the superior labrum or anterior inferior labrum was evident. Originally, this variation was mistakenly diagnosed as a labral avulsion in two of the 10 patients. Also, a differential diagnosis of a superior labral tear was mistakenly offered for four patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An absent anterior superior labrum and an associated cordlike middle glenohumeral ligament represent the normal variation that is known as the Buford complex rather than an avulsed labrum. This normal variation may be mistaken for a detached labrum.
authors.affiliation: San Francisco Magnetic Resonance Center, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Tirman
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Feller
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis