title: Trace elements in parenteral micronutrition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To update some essential trace metals required in total parenteral nutrition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Essential trace metals, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc are added to parenteral fluids to prevent the development of deficiency syndromes. When possible, these metals should be monitored, even in patients on short-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to avoid deficiency or toxicity. Many of the nutrients or additives used in parenteral solutions may be contaminated with metals, such as aluminum or chromium. Such trace-metal monitoring becomes more critical in infants, and those on long-term TPN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002857:Chromium / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003300:Copper / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007501:Iron / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D008345:Manganese / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects; D012643:Selenium / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D015032:Zinc / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D002857:Chromium; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D008982:Molybdenum; D007501:Iron; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc