title: Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: During the last decade, there has been a marked increase in the number of gravity of tuberculosis cases both in developing countries and in industrialized nations. This is, in part, due to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, but global economic depression, increased homelessness and declining control programmes have also contributed. One of the more insidious consequences of this resurgence has been the recent emergence and nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thus raising the possibility that untreatable forms of the disease may become widespread. Somewhat surprisingly, given the difficulties of working with this slow-growing pathogen, remarkable progress has been made in a relatively short time, in understanding the molecular epidemiology, the genetic basis, and the biochemical mechanisms of drug resistance. Furthermore, a number of promising molecular tools are now available to help counter tuberculosis and to further understanding.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Telenti
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission; D003906:Developing Countries; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D012293:Rifampin