title: Characterization of the chemical interactions betwen 4-MET and enamel by Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this investigation was to use Raman spectroscopy to study the chemical interactions between 4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid (4-MET), a hydrolized form of 4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitate anhydride (4-META) and powdered substrates such as bovine enamel powder and synthetic carbonate-containing apatite.
  
  
  METHODS
  Powdered samples were prepared by immersing them in 4-MET/methylmethacrylate (MMA) solution for 15 min, 3 h and 24 h. They were then dried for spectroscopy. An experimental Raman microprobe equipped with a cryogenically-cooled camera was employed to acquire spectra of the samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spectra of samples wetted for 24 h strongly indicate that there is strong ionic interaction between Ca2+ ions on the powdered sample surface and 4-MET. Spectra of the 15-min samples, however, suggest only some degree of hydrogen bonding. The spectrum of the 3-h 4-MET/enamel powder sample showed features intermediate between the two.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results presented in this paper show that salt formation between 4-MET and dental substrates is not likely to be instantaneous. On the contrary, the rate of such reaction is probably too slow relative to that of polymerization of the co-monomers to be important under clinical conditions. The function of the 4-MET in the 4-MET/MMA resin system appears, therefore to be wetting the tooth surface through hydrogen bonding, which then allows MMA monomers to diffuse and penetrate deeper through the surfaces. The primary bonding mechanism of this system is more likely due to a micro-mechanical locking mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids; C098756:4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid