title: Behavioral intervention to reduce child distress during self-injection.
abstract: We investigated the effects of a cognitive-behavioral treatment package on reduction of anticipatory fear of pain during self-administered insulin injections. Two patients diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus participated. An ABAB design was employed; the intervention conditions consisted of cue-controlled breathing, filmed modeling, pacing, and reinforcement. A substantial reduction in the mean time for injection and a reduction in behaviors indicative of anticipatory distress were achieved under intervention conditions. The clinical importance of the study is discussed and areas for future research are identified.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainsville 32610-0234, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Geffken
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Royal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000523:psychology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012646:Self Administration / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin