title: Percutaneous catheter drainage of tension pneumatocele, secondarily infected pneumatocele, and lung abscess in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of percutaneous catheter drainage of tension pneumatocele, secondarily infected pneumatocele, and lung abscess in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 24-bed pediatric intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with tension pneumatocele, secondarily infected pneumatocele, or lung abscess. Tension pneumatocele was defined as an expanding intraparenchymal cyst compressing adjacent areas of the lung. Infected pneumatocele and lung abscess were defined, respectively, as intraparenchymal thin-walled cyst or thick-walled cavity containing an air-fluid level and purulent fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven pneumatoceles/lung abscesses were percutaneously drained in five patients. After computed tomography of the chest was obtained to localize the optimum site for drainage, a modified Seldinger technique was used to insert an 8.5-Fr soft catheter percutaneously into the cyst/cavity. The catheter was left in place until drainage (fluid and air) stopped.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had clinical and radiologic improvement and were afebrile within 24 hrs after drainage. Bacterial culture grew aerobic bacteria from three cysts/cavities, anaerobic bacteria from one, and mixed bacteria from three. One patient had three secondarily infected pneumatoceles. Four of five secondarily infected pneumatoceles were under tension in two patients receiving mechanical ventilation. In both patients, the trachea was extubated within 24 hrs of drainage after prolonged mechanical ventilation. The number of days the catheter was in place ranged from 1 to 20 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous catheter drainage of tension pneumatocele, secondarily infected pneumatocele, and lung abscess can be performed safely and effectively in children. Early drainage is helpful, both as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Drainage of tension pneumatocele may assist in weaning from mechanical ventilation. Computed tomography of the chest is helpful in determining the optimum site for percutaneous drainage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Zuhdi
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Spear
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Worthen
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015505:Chest Tubes; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003560:Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008169:Lung Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013492:Suppuration; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome