title: Select dietary fatty acids attenuate cardiopulmonary dysfunction during acute lung injury in pigs.
abstract: We examined the effect of substituting linoleic acid (LA) with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (gamma-LA), precursors of trienoic and monoenoic eicosanoids, respectively, on acute lung injury (ALI). Three groups (n = 8/group) of pigs were fed enteral diets containing LA (diet A), EPA (diet B), or EPA+gamma-LA (diet C) for 8 days. ALI was then induced with a 0.1 mg/kg bolus of Escherichia coli endotoxin followed by a continuous infusion for 4 h (0.075 mg.kg-1.h-1). Pulmonary arterial and capillary wedge pressures, cardiac index (CI), arterial blood gases, arterial O2 content, and plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) were measured. Arterial PO2 decreased at 20 min in animals fed diet A. This change was attenuated with diets B and C. The EPA- and EPA + gamma-LA-enriched diets attenuated the fall in O2 delivery at 20 min, an improvement that was sustained throughout the 4-h study period with the EPA+gamma-LA-enriched diet only. This improvement in O2 delivery was due not only to the improved arterial PO2, but also to the maintenance of CI at 20 min in animals fed diets B and C and throughout the 4-h study period in animals fed diet C. At 4 h, TxB2 increased 10-fold over baseline in animals fed diet A, whereas in animals fed diets B and C the increase was only 3-fold. These decreased TxB2 levels in animals fed diets B and C correlate with an attenuation in the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance that was observed at 20 min after endotoxin infusion in animals fed diet A. These data suggest that specialized enteral diets enriched in EPA+gamma-LA improve gas exchange and O2 delivery, presumably in part through a modification of TxB2 production with a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase in CI, during ALI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Tazelaar
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: DeMichele
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001760:Bleeding Time; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D004731:Endotoxins; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D013552:Swine; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D004731:Endotoxins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D010743:Phospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; C079363:borage oil