title: Are systemic corticosteroids useful in the management of orbital pseudotumors?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic corticosteroids are the established primary treatment for orbital pseudotumors, but patients with recurrent and refractory pseudotumors commonly are observed. In this retrospective study, the authors aimed to assess the value of corticosteroids in the management of orbital pseudotumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical notes, computed tomography scans, and histologic specimens of patients with orbital pseudotumor seen at the Orbital Center, Amsterdam, between 1976 and 1994 were analyzed with particular regard to the clinical and visual outcome. The patients were categorized according to the anatomic location of the pseudotumor within the orbit. Patients with pseudotumors restricted to the lacrimal gland or an extraocular muscle were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors studied 32 patients with orbital pseudotumor, 20 of whom had histopathologic confirmation. Twenty-seven of these 32 patients received systemic corticosteroids as an initial treatment. Of these 27 patients, 21 (78%) showed an initial response and 10 (37%) obtained a cure. After the initial response, 11 (52%) of the 21 patients recurred. Optic nerve involvement was present in 13 (41%) of the 32 patients, and all except 1 patient recovered with corticotherapy. The mean follow-up of therapy was 4.3 years (range, 5.3 months-21.5 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors found a moderate response, a high recurrence, and a low cure rate in patients treated with corticosteroids for orbital pseudotumor, and they therefore challenge the value of corticosteroids in both diagnosing and treating this condition. However, in patients with pseudotumor-induced optic neuropathy, corticosteroids remain of value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mombaerts
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Schlingemann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldschmeding
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koornneef
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D016727:Orbital Pseudotumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013256:Steroids; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013256:Steroids; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D007213:Indomethacin