title: Surgical resection of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma in 50 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metastases are frequently diagnosed among patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Of 709 patients with brain metastases (BMET) who were operated on at our institution between 1974 and 1993, 50 (7%) were of renal origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Survival time was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 38 men and 12 women. The median age was 60 years. The primary RCC was resected in 47 patients. Forty patients had a metachronous diagnosis of RCC and BMET. Median interval between the diagnosis of RCC and BMET was 17 months. In all 50 patients overall median survival (MS) from diagnosis of primary RCC was 31.4 months and from craniotomy was 12.6 months. Postoperative mortality was 10% (5 patients). In patients with primary RCC in the left kidney (n=25) versus right kidney (n=25) median survival from craniotomy was longer; 21.3 versus 7.4 months (P<0.014). Twenty-three patients (46%) had intratumoral hemorrhage. Eight patients had cerebellar metastasis (MS, 3.0 months) and 9 had multiple metastases resected (MS, 7.6 months). Thirty-eight patients had both brain and pulmonary metastases, and 16 of them had pulmonary resection (MS, 18.6 versus 8.0 months; P<0.03). Twenty-two patients received whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) after craniotomy and 18 did not receive WBRT (MS, 13.3 versus 14.5 months; P<0.62). The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival was 51%, 24%, 22%, and 8.5% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only the resection of lung metastasis, supratentorial location of BMET, left-sided localization of primary RCC, and lack of neurologic deficit before craniotomy were statistically significant prognostic factors in Cox regression analysis. In the absence of effective systemic treatment, we suggest that patients with BMET from RCC be considered for operative resection for treatment and palliation.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wroński
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arbit
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Galicich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors