title: Complementary effects of propranolol and nonoxynol-9 upon human sperm motility.
abstract: The inhibitory effects of nonoxynol-9, DL- and D-propranolol upon human sperm motility were determined in vitro. All three compounds were capable of causing complete cessation of sperm movement. However, greater efficacy was achieved using combinations of nonoxynol-9 and propranolol, suggesting a complementary interaction between these compounds. Investigations of the mechanism of action of propranolol revealed that an influx of calcium accompanied the loss of motility. However, since incubation in the absence of calcium enhanced the spermicidal effects of this compound, it was concluded that this calcium influx did not constitute the primary means by which motility was disrupted. Low doses of propranolol, which did not affect motility, were found to inhibit the capacity of human spermatozoa for sperm-oocyte fusion.
authors.affiliation: MRC Reproductive Biology Unit, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Ratnasooriya
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Aitken
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017137:Nonoxynol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013089:Spermatocidal Agents; D017137:Nonoxynol; D011433:Propranolol; D002118:Calcium