title: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate alone, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of all three medications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rheumatoid arthritis is a common disease that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. The responses of patients with rheumatoid arthritis to treatment with a single so-called disease-modifying drug, such as methotrexate, are often suboptimal. Despite limited data, many patients are treated with combinations of these drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 102 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and poor responses to at least one disease-modifying drug in a two-year, double-blind, randomized study of treatment with methotrexate alone (7.5 to 17.5 mg per week), the combination of sulfasalazine (500 mg twice daily) and hydroxychloroquine (200 mg twice daily), or all three drugs. The dose of methotrexate was adjusted in an attempt to achieve remission in all patients. The primary and point of the study was the successful completion of two years of treatment with 50 percent improvement in composite symptoms of arthritis and no evidence of drug toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty of the 102 patients had 50 percent improvement at nine months and maintained at least that degree of improvement for two years without evidence of major drug toxicity. Among them were 24 of 31 patients treated with all three drugs (77 percent), 12 of 36 patients treated with methotrexate alone (33 percent, P < 0.001 for the comparison with the three-drug group), and 14 of 35 patients treated with sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine (40 percent), P = 0.003 for the comparison with the three-drug group). Seven patients in the methotrexate group and three patients in each of the other two groups discontinued treatment because of drug toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, combination therapy with methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine is more effective than either methotrexate alone or a combination of sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha 68198-3025, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: O'Dell
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Haire
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Erikson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drymalski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Eckhoff
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garwood
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maloley
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Klassen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wees
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012074:Remission Induction; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D008727:Methotrexate