title: Vitamin A deficiency enhances ozone-induced lung injury.
abstract: The present study determined the effects of vitamin A (vA) deficiency on the responses to ozone (O3) challenges in two inbred strains of mice that are differentially susceptible to O3-induced lung inflammation. Susceptible C57BL/6J (B6) and resistant C3H/HeJ (C3) dams at 2 wk gestation were fed test diets containing either 0 or 10 micrograms retinol/g diet. In mice that were maintained on vA-sufficient (vA+) diet, lung and liver tissue concentrations of vA and retinyl palmitate (RP) were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the B6 strain compared with C3, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. vA and RP levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in lung and liver tissues of 8-wk old B6 and C3 mice that were maintained on a vA deficient (vA-) diet. vA+ and vA- mice of both strains were exposed to air or 0.3 ppm O3/72 h, and lung injury was assessed by differential cell count and total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) returns. O3 exposure caused significantly (P<0.05) greater increases in inflammatory cells and a total protein in BAL returns of vA+ B6 mice than vA+ C3 mice. vA deficiency significantly (P<0.05) enhanced O3-induced increases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in C3 mice and epithelial cells loss in both strains. Compared with vA+ mice, lung permeability was also significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in vA- mice of both strains exposed to O3. vA replacement partially reversed the O3-induced lung injury that was enhanced by vA- diet. Results indicate that vA may have an important role in the pathogenesis of O3-induced lung injury in differentially susceptible inbred strains of mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Paquette
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kleeberger
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004224:Diterpenes; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055370:Lung Injury; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D013045:Species Specificity; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate; D010126:Ozone