title: Relationship of diet, abdominal obesity, and physical activity to plasma lipoprotein levels in Asian Indian physicians residing in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship of total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate and energy intake, leisure-time activity, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index to the prevalence of atherogenic plasma triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in Asian Indians living in the United States. High plasma TG and low HDL-C levels have been documented in Asian Indians worldwide.
  
  
  METHODS
  This exploratory study examined medical history, demographics, anthropometrics, plasma lipids levels, food intake frequency, and self-reported leisure-time activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  153 Asian Indian male physicians (mean age=47 years) were recruited at two annual national conferences of the American Association of Physicians from India, with free medical assessments as incentives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlational and multiple regression analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects' diets averaged 56% energy from carbohydrate, 32% from total fat, and 8% from saturated fat. High total fat intake was associated with high WHR (r=.21, P<.01) and high total carbohydrate intake (grams per day) was associated with high TG level (r=.24, P<.05). Leisure-time activity averaged 136 minutes/week and negatively correlated with total plasma cholesterol level (r=.22, P<.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (r=.25, P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietitians should recommend moderate dietary carbohydrate intake and meal patterns with energy distributed throughout the day, in addition to decreasing fat consumption, to Asian Indian clients at risk for coronary artery disease. High carbohydrate intake and uneven diurnal distribution (no breakfast and large evening meals) are associated with high TG and low HDL-C levels in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Hyman Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Yagalla
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hoerr
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Enas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D010820:Physicians; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides