title: Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of GM-CSF-induced IL-1 beta gene expression in PMN.
abstract: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) play an important role in inflammation, immune responses, and tissue repair by secreting interleukin- 1 beta (IL-1 beta). We investigated the regulation of IL-1 beta gene expression in human PMN treated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF induced IL-1 beta mRNA accumulation at 0.1 ng/ml and maximal induction was observed at 1 ng/ml. IL- 1 beta mRNA levels reached a maximum with 1-2 h after stimulation with GM-CSF and returned to baseline levels by 4-6 h. The time course of IL-1 beta mRNA induction by GM-CSF was more protracted than previously reported for PMN stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, 10 ng/ml). Nuclear run-on analysis indicated that GM-CSF, like TNF, increases IL-1 beta transcription. Kinetic studies with the RNA synthesis inhibitor, actinomycin D, showed that GM-CSF induces stable IL-1B mRNA. Cycloheximide enhanced the IL-1 beta mRNA accumulation by GM-CSF at the level of mRNA stabilization, but blocked IL-1 beta mRNA expression by TNF. Thus, GM-CSF increases IL-1 beta message accumulation in PMN at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by mechanisms that are different from TNF induction of IL-1 beta gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marucha
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007700:Kinetics; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003513:Cycloheximide