title: Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the CNS treated with BVAM or CHOD/BVAM chemotherapy before radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether chemotherapy that includes drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier improves survival in primary CNS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PCNSL) when combined with radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients, with no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, were treated with the related chemotherapy regimens of carmustine (BCNU), vincristine, cytarabine, and methotrexate (BVAM; 12 patients), cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone (CHOD)/BVAM (17 patients) and intensified CHOD/BVAM (five patients) between 1986 and 1994. The median age was 60 years (range, 16 to 73) and 47% had a performance status of 3 or 4 (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG]/World Health Organization [WHO]). Ten patients were treated with BVAM chemotherapy between 1986 and 1989, and subsequently 17 patients were treated with CHOD/BVAM (cytarabine 3 g/m2). Twenty of these 27 patients received whole-brain radiotherapy (craniospinal in four).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The complete response (CR) rate at the completion of chemotherapy was 63% for BVAM and 67% for CHOD/BVAM; more neutropenia occurred with CHOD/BVAM. The 5-year actuarial probability of survival of all 34 patients was 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14% to 52%), with so far only one recurrence after 2 years. Using multivariate analysis, age (P = .0005) and number of tumors at diagnosis (P = .0358) were prognostic factors. All five patients aged > or = 70 years died during or shortly after chemotherapy. Performance status was not an independent variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BVAM or CHOD/BVAM regimens can be delivered despite neutropenia without significant treatment delay or dose reduction in patients less than 70 years of age. Further intensification of this type of chemotherapy is probably not possible with patients of this age, many of whom have a poor performance status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham City Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bessell
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graus
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Punt
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Firth
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Hope
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moloney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Guillermo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002330:Carmustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D015996:Survival Rate; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D001761:Bleomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002330:Carmustine; D008727:Methotrexate