title: Effect of selective aortic arch perfusion on median frequency and peak amplitude of ventricular fibrillation in a canine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the computer-derived measures of median frequency or peak amplitude of ventricular fibrillation (VF), obtained by fast Fourier transform of the VF waveform, change during selective aortic arch perfusion in a canine model of cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight mongrel dogs (including 4 control animals) were sedated, intubated, catheterized, and instrumented to record the electrocardiogram (digitally at 100 Hz, filtered with a finite impulse response filter at 2 Hz), right atrial pressure, and aortic pressure during resuscitation in a model of VF-induced cardiac arrest. After 10 minutes of VF-induced arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with a mechanical chest compression device was initiated. Beginning 2 minutes later, the 4 study animals received, every 2 minutes, 45 seconds of selective aortic arch perfusion (SAAP) with autologous blood infusions under high pressure. Defibrillation was attempted after 3 minutes of CPR and every minute thereafter. Both study and control groups received standard-dose epinephrine (.01 mg/kg) every 3 minutes by means of an intraaortic catheter. The median frequency, peak amplitude, and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) during the 5-second period just before defibrillation were obtained with the use of computer algorithms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All SAAP animals and 1 control animal were resuscitated. Baseline measures of median frequency (8.4 +/- 1.5 versus 6.6 +/- 1.0 Hz) and peak amplitude (.18 +/- .05 versus .36 +/- .13 mV) were not different between the SAAP and control groups, respectively, at the start of CRP. SAAP infusion resulted in significant increases in the SAAP group compared with the control group: median frequency, 9.6 +/- .4 versus 7.3 +/- 1.4 Hz; peak amplitude, .74 +/- .21 versus .39 +/- .15 mV; and CPP, 40.5 +/- 7.1 versus 18.0 +/- 15.0 mm Hg, respectively. Median frequency correlated with CPP (r2 = .67). Peak amplitude did not correlate with CPP (r2 = .06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Median frequency and peak amplitude increase with SAAP during cardiac arrest in a canine model. This method of resuscitation was reliable in allowing restoration of a stable perfusing rhythm after defibrillation. Changes in measures of peak amplitude and median frequency may reflect interventions that enhance the likelihood of successful defibrillation and may thereby offer a noninvasive means of monitoring interventions during cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Batson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial / Q000379:methods*; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D004837:Epinephrine