title: Esophageal detector device versus detection of end-tidal carbon dioxide level in emergency intubation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the ability of the esophageal detector device (EDD) to indicate positioning of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in patients intubated under emergency conditions and to compare the performance of the EDD with that of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2).
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-subject study comprising a prospective case series was conducted in the emergency department of an urban university hospital. All adult patients were intubated either in the ED or by paramedics in the field. ETT position was initially evaluated by means of auscultation, then EDD, and, finally, spectrographic qualitative ETCO2 monitoring in each patient. Discrepancies between the EDD and ETCO2 results were resolved by means of direct laryngoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 100 intubated patients, both the EDD and ETCO2 monitoring detected the single esophageal intubation that occurred. Of the remaining 99 tracheal intubations, the EDD correctly indicated tracheal placement in 98 (sensitivity, 99%) and was indeterminate in 1 case because of blockage of the ETT by secretions resulting from pulmonary edema. By comparison, ETCO2 monitoring correctly indicated tracheal placement in 86 cases (sensitivity, 87%) and was incorrect in 13 cases (P < .01). ETCO2 monitoring failed in 2 patients with pulmonary edema and in 11 patients with cardiac arrest. Among the 37 patients in the cardiac arrest group, the EDD correctly indicated ETT placement in 37 patients (sensitivity, 100%). In contrast, ETCO2 monitoring correctly indicated ETT placement in 26 patients (sensitivity, 70%; P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EDD reliably confirms tracheal intubation in the emergency patient population. The EDD is more accurate than ETCO2 monitoring in the overall emergency patient population because of its greater accuracy in cardiac arrest patients. [Bozeman WP, Hexter D, Liang HK, Kelen GD: Esophageal detector device versus detection of end-tidal carbon dioxide level in emergency intubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Bozeman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hexter
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kelen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001944:Breath Tests; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D004630:Emergencies; D004868:Equipment Failure; D004947:Esophagus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide