title: [Treatment of fixed, primarily non-resected rectal cancer. Recommendations from Norwegian Gastrointestinal Cancer Group].
abstract: In most cases (70%), fixed rectal cancers are primarily non-resectable, and of the ones that are resected, local recurrence will occur in 50-70%. The same trend, but less pronounced, is also seen for partly fixed or tethered tumours. High-dose irradiation (45-60 Gy) has been reported to yield resectability rates up to 70%, with 17% local recurrences and a 5-year disease-free survival of up to 60-70%. Combined chemotherapy and sequential radiation therapy, hyperthermia or addition of intra-operative radiotherapy, have shown promising results, but no randomized studies have been published comparing the different treatment modalities. Surgery should be performed 4-6 weeks after preoperative treatment. Resectability can only be determined by exploratory laparotomy and serious attempts to remove the tumour-bearing segment by anatomic dissection.
authors.affiliation: Kirurgisk avdeling, Innherred sykehus, Levanger.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bjerkeset
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gerner
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Tveit
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*