Mechanisms for mucosal immunogenicity and adjuvancy of Escherichia coli labile enterotoxin.
Escherichia coli labile toxin (LT) was assessed as mucosal immunogen and as adjuvant for tetanus toxoid (TT) in mice. After oral administration of LT, C57BL/6 (H-2b) and BALB/c(H-2d) mice were high mucosal and serum antibody responders, while C3H/HeN (H-2k) mice were low responders. High responders exhibited mainly serum IgG (including IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b), as well as IgM and IgA, while mucosal responses were IgA. Analysis of LT-B-specific CD4+ T helper (Th) cells from Peyer's patches (PP) or from spleen revealed a mixed Th1 (interferon-gamma) and Th2 (interleukin-4 and -5) cell pattern. Oral LT given with TT induced TT-specific response patterns identical to LT-B. Analysis of mRNA from TT-specific PP CD4+ Th cells also revealed a mixed Th1- and Th2- type response. Thus, antibody response profiles induced by LT are regulated by both CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cell types.
Takahashi
I
I
Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, 35294-2170, USA.
Marinaro
M
M
Kiyono
H
H
Jackson
R J
RJ
Nakagawa
I
I
Fujihashi
K
K
Hamada
S
S
Clements
J D
JD
Bost
K L
KL
McGhee
J R
JR
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D002772:Cholera Toxin; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli