title: Results of radiotherapy for 230 patients with stage I-II seminomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The outcome of treatment of testicular seminoma in 230 patients with stage I and II disease was retrospectively evaluated in regard of survival, pattern of failure, radiation dose, treatment volume, acute and chronic side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1978 to 1992, 230 male patients with the diagnosis of pure seminoma of the testis were treated by postoperative radiotherapy at the University of Essen. According to the Royal Marsden Staging System, 188 patients were presenting with stage I disease, 24 with stage IIA, 13 with stage IIB and 5 with stage IIC disease. All patients received irradiation to the paraaortic lymph nodes (median dose: 36 Gy). In 154 patients the ipsilateral iliac lymph nodes were additionally irradiated with or without inguinal lymph nodes and in 66 patients the contralateral pelvic nodes were included. Since 1987, the total dose was reduced to 26 Gy for microscopic disease. A mediastinal irradiation (median dose: 30 Gy) was performed in 22 patients. Eight patients with stage IIB and IIC disease were additionally treated with chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall actuarial survival (Kaplan-Meier method) for all patients was 97.8% at 5 years and 96.5% at 10 years. Ten-year survival corrected for intercurrent mortality (n = 8) was 100%. In 5 patients recurrent disease (n = 5) was observed, in 6 patients seminoma occurred in the contralateral testis. For stage I seminoma the disease-free survival was 96.8%. For the whole group of stage II seminoma the DFS was 88.1%, for stage IIA 91.7% and for stage IIB 76.9%. In stage IIC no recurrences occurred. In general, the radiation therapy was well tolerated with minor side effects only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative radiotherapy for seminoma stage I, IIA and IIB alone offers excellent control and survival rates with tolerable side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiooncology, University of Essen.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hültenschmidt
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Budach
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Genters
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018239:Seminoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome