title: Pancreatic juice output after pancreatoduodenectomy in relation to pancreatic consistency, duct size, and leakage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A soft pancreas with a main pancreatic duct (MPD) with normal diameter has been considered a high risk for pancreatic anastomotic leakage because of a relatively high output of pancreatic juice, but data are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  An attempt was made to assess the relationship between the consistency of the pancreas, MPD diameter, pancreatic juice output, and pancreatic leakage after partial pancreatoduodenectomy. The pancreatic parenchyma was classified as of soft, intermediate, and hard consistency in 70 consecutive patients undergoing operation (groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) by one surgeon. The MPD diameter was determined by means of endoscopic pancreatography or abdominal ultrasonography. Pancreatic juice output was measured for 21 days after operation by using a catheter inserted into the MPD. Anastomotic leakage was identified radiologically by using contrast medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) pancreatic juice output during a period of 10 days (postoperative days 5 to 14) was 1554 (1073) ml in group 1 (n = 29), 1513 (1060) ml in group 2 (n = 13), and 187 (220)ml in group 3 (n = 28) (groups 1 and 2 versus group 3, p < 0.0001). The MPD diameter was 3.0 (1.6) mm in group 1, 5.9 (2.5) mm in group 2, and 6.6 (2.6) mm in group 3 (group 1 versus groups 2 and 3, p = 0.0001). Anastomotic leaks occurred in four (14%) patients in group 1, three (23%) in group 2, and none in group 3 (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a pancreatic parenchyma with an intermediate or normal consistency produced more pancreatic juice and had a higher leak rate.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsurumi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000473:pathology*; D010189:Pancreatic Juice / Q000378:metabolism*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications