title: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D induces lipoprotein lipase expression in 3T3-L1 cells in association with adipocyte differentiation.
abstract: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] is known to modulate the development of bone and other mesenchymal cell types. Since osteoblasts and adipocytes are thought to arise in bone marrow from a common progenitor, this work examined the effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on adipocyte development, and in particular on the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which is an early marker for the differentiated adipocyte. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) for up to 7 days. LPL activity was measured in the medium and cell extracts, and LPL messenger RNA levels were measured by Northern blotting. When compared to control cells, 10(-7) M 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased medium LPL activity by 2- to 3-fold and cellular LPL by 1.5-fold. Significant increases in medium and cellular LPL were observed at 10(-9) M and were maximal at 10(-7) M. Along with the increase in LPL activity, there was an increase in LPL messenger RNA by 2-fold at 5 days, and by 5-fold at 7 days. In addition to an increase in LPL, 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased expression of aP2, an adipocyte-specific marker associated with differentiation. After the addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3, there was a decrease in 3T3-L1 cell number, which is consistent with differentiation, and a decrease in vitamin D receptors. Finally, these cells developed a different morphology. 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated cells assumed a rounded appearance, although without detachment from the dish and without the degree of lipid accumulation usually associated with the addition of insulin, isbutylmethylxanthine, and dexamethasone. It is concluded that 1,25-(OH)2D3 induced LPL expression in 3T3-L1 cells through an induction of differentiation-dependent mechanism(s). These findings suggest an important role for 1,25-(OH)2D3 in normal adipocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; D002117:Calcitriol; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine