title: Regenerative urinary bladder augmentation using small intestinal submucosa: urodynamic and histopathologic assessment in long-term canine bladder augmentations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as a possible bladder augmentation material.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen male dogs underwent 35 to 45% partial cystectomy with immediate augmentation with SIS grafts. All dogs were evaluated pre- and postoperatively with blood chemistries, urine cultures, intravenous urograms, cystograms and cystometrograms. Postoperatively (1 to 15 months), bladders were examined with routine histology and image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All dogs survived their intended survival period without morbidity. All results were normal. Histologically, all 3 layers (mucosa, smooth muscle, serosa) of the normal bladder showed evidence of regeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small intestinal submucosa acts as a scaffold for bladder augmentation through regeneration and could be a potential option for bladder reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kropp
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rippy
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Badylak
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Thor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015653:Cystectomy; D004285:Dogs; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000637:transplantation; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012038:Regeneration; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014563:Urodynamics