title: Prothrombotic activation of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells in a patient with tuberculosis.
abstract: Activation of endothelial cells occurs in response to numerous physiological stimuli and results in the concerted expression of endothelial cell proteins that change the nonthrombogenic intimal surface of a vessel into a thrombogenic surface, with the subsequent development of local thrombosis. For example, both type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue factor expression are mediated by endothelial cell stimulation in vitro; however, in contrast to type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor, it has been difficult to detect tissue factor associated with endothelial cells in vivo. This case study describes the presence of both type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue factor antigen associated with pulmonary arterial endothelial cells of a patient exhibiting a mycobacterial infection. The disease was associated with chronic hemoptysis and characterized by extensive tissue destruction and local thrombosis within the pulmonary artery. The data show that conditions occur in vivo in which local thrombosis is associated with increased levels of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue factor.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California at San Diego 92037, USA.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mackman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kriett
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Schleef
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000032:analysis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D013925:Thromboplastin