title: Multiple-peptidase mutants of Lactococcus lactis are severely impaired in their ability to grow in milk.
abstract: To examine the contribution of peptidases to the growth of lactococcus lactis in milk, 16 single- and multiple-deletion mutants were constructed. In successive rounds of chromosomal gene replacement mutagenesis, up to all five of the following peptidase genes were inactivated (fivefold mutant): pepX, pepO, pepT, pepC, and pepN. Multiple mutations led to slower growth rates in milk, the general trend being that growth rates decreased when more peptidases were inactivated. The fivefold mutant grew more than 10 times more slowly in milk than the wild-type strain. In one of the fourfold mutants and in the fivefold mutant, the intracellular pools of amino acids were lower than those of the wild type, whereas peptides had accumulated inside the cell. No significant differences in the activities of the cell envelope-associated proteinase and of the oligopeptide transport system were observed. Also, the expression of the peptidases still present in the various mutants was not detectably affected. Thus, the lower growth rates can directly be attributed to the inability of the mutants to degrade casein-derived peptides. These results supply the first direct evidence for the functioning of lactococcal peptidases in the degradation of milk proteins. Furthermore, the study provides critical information about the relative importance of the peptidases for growth in milk, the order of events in the proteolytic pathway, and the regulation of its individual components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mierau
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Kunji
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Leenhouts
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hellendoorn
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Haandrikman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poolman
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Konings
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Venema
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kok
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002364:Caseins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010455:Peptides; C046506:oligopeptide-binding protein, bacteria; D010450:Endopeptidases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C085783:lactocepin