title: Beneficial effects of hypertonic mannitol in acute ischemia--reperfusion injuries in humans.
abstract: Acute ischemia-reperfusion of extremities is characterized by edema, compartment syndrome and neuromuscular dysfunction. Intravenous hypertonic mannitol has been shown to be of benefit in several experimental models. The authors' 5-year experience with the use of hypertonic mannitol and the treatment of acute ischemia reperfusion injuries in humans has been reviewed. Some of 186 patients with acute arterial occlusion following thromboembolism (149) and trauma (37) were treated. Hypertonic mannitol (25 g intravenous bolus followed by 5-10 g intravenous/h) was given perioperatively. Length of preoperative ischemia varied from 1 to 24h. Some of 57.5% of patients had preoperative neuromuscular dysfunction. Following revascularization, limb salvage was obtained in 97.7% of surviving patients and neuromuscular dysfunction improved in 89%. Overall, 15% required fasciotomy. The mortality rate was 3.2%. These data suggest that hypertonic mannitol may have some protective effect in acute ischemia-reperfusion injuries of human extremities. It may decrease the need for fasciotomy and minimize neuromuscular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Section, Albany Medical College, New York 12208, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Darling
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kupinski
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Leather
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D008353:Mannitol