title: Delayed tooth formation in children exposed to tobacco smoke.
abstract: Panoramic radiographs of 203 Caucasoid children between the ages of seven and ten years were examined for an evaluation of dental development. Four groups were studied: a control group in which neither parent had smoked during the pregnancy concerned, a group exposed to tobacco smoke from the mother only, a group exposed to smoke from the father only, and finally a group exposed to tobacco smoke from both parents. In each case, the dental age (determined according to the method of Moorrees) was contrasted to the chronological age of the subject. Overall results showed that there were no differences in dental ages related to gender. Maximum differences between chronological and dental ages were found in children subjected to cigarette smoke from both parents. Here, a 35% reduction in dental maturation was noted. Most affected teeth were the maxillary second premolars, while the central incisors were the least affected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kieser
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009805:Odontogenesis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014078:Tooth Eruption
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution