title: Synthesis and pharmacology of potential cocaine antagonists. 2. Structure-activity relationship studies of aromatic ring-substituted methylphenidate analogs.
abstract: As part of a program to develop medications which can block the binding of cocaine to the dopamine transporter, yet spare dopamine uptake, a series of aromatic ring-substituted methylphenidate derivatives was synthesized and tested for inhibitory potency in [3H]WIN 35,428 binding and [3H]dopamine uptake assays using rat striatal tissue. Synthesis was accomplished by alkylation of 2-bromopyridine with anions derived from various substituted phenylacetonitriles. In most cases, erythro compounds were markedly less potent than the corresponding (+/-)-threo-methylphenidate (TMP; Ritalin) derivatives. The ortho-substituted compounds were much less potent than the corresponding meta- and/or para-substituted derivatives. The most potent compound against [3H]WIN 35,428 binding, m-bromo-TMP, was 20-fold more potent than the parent compound, whereas the most potent compound against [3H]dopamine uptake, m,p-dichloro-TMP, was 32-fold more potent. Threo derivatives with m- or p-halo substituents were more potent than TMP, while electron-donating substituents caused little change or small loss of potency. All of the derivatives had Hill coefficients approaching unity, except m,p-dichloro-TMP, which had an nH of 2.0. Although the potency of the (+/-)-methylphenidate derivatives in the two assays was highly correlated (R2 = 0.986), the compounds m-chloro-,m-methyl-, and p-iodo-TMP were 4-5-fold more potent at inhibiting [3H]-WIN 35,428 binding than [3H]dopamine uptake (cocaine has a ratio of 2.3). These and other compounds may be promising candidates for further testing as potential partial agonists or antagonists of cocaine.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332-0400, USA.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gruszecka-Kowalik
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Schweri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D008774:Methylphenidate; C021279:(1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester; D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine