title: Modulation of cytokine expression by CD4+ T cells during coxsackievirus B3 infections of BALB/c mice initiated by cells expressing the gamma delta + T-cell receptor.
abstract: Two variants of coxsackievirus B3 have been used to investigate the pathogenesis of myocarditis in BALB/c mice. H3 virus induces moderate myocarditis and H310A1 virus induces minimal myocarditis, although both viruses infect and replicate in the heart. Cells expressing the gamma delta+ T-cell receptor composed 5 to 13% of the lymphocytes infiltrating the hearts of H3 virus-infected mice and belonged to either the CD4- CD8+ gamma delta+- or CD4- CD8- gamma delta+-cell population. Giving 5,000 gamma delta+ cells isolated from the hearts of H3 virus-infected mice to H310A1 virus-infected recipients restored myocarditis susceptibility in the recipient animals and shifted the pattern of cytokine production in the virus-immune CD4+-cell population from being predominantly interleukin-4 producing to being predominantly gamma interferon producing in the H310A1 virus-infected mice. Apoptosis was evident in the infiltrating lymphocyte population in the myocardia of H3 virus-infected mice by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling assay and in splenic lymphocytes by DNA fragmentation in agarose gel electrophoresis and was confined to the CD4+ population. No apoptosis was observed in H310A1 virus-infected mice, but apoptosis was induced subsequent to gamma delta +-T-cell transfer. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that gamma delta+ T cells may help modulate cytokine responses during virus infections in vivo and that apoptosis might be involved in this modulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moulton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002469:Cell Separation; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007249:Inflammation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta