title: Clozapine for treatment-refractory mania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of clozapine for treatment-resistant mania was examined in a prospective trial for patients with bipolar or schizoaffective disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 25 acutely manic patients with either bipolar disorder (N = 10) or schizoaffective disorder-bipolar subtype (N = 15) for whom lithium, anticonvulsants, and neuroleptics had been ineffective, had produced intolerable side effects, or both. After a 7-day washout, the patients were treated with clozapine monotherapy. They were evaluated over 13 weeks with the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 25 patients, 18 (72%) exhibited marked improvement on the Young Mania Rating Scale, and eight (32%) exhibited marked improvement on the BPRS. The bipolar patients as compared to schizo-affective patients, and the nonrapid as compared to rapid cyclers, had significantly greater improvement in total BPRS score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that clozapine is an effective therapy for treatment-resistant bipolar and schizoaffective mania.
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kimmel
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Woyshville
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rapport
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Meltzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D008094:Lithium; D003024:Clozapine