title: The essential role of the functional group in alkyl isothiocyanates for inhibition of tobacco nitrosamine-induced lung tumorigenesis.
abstract: The importance of the isothiocyanate group in alkyl isothiocyanate for inhibition of tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induce lung tumorigenesis was examined in A/J mice. Our previous structure-activity relationship study of isothiocyanates showed that 1-dodecyl isothiocyanate [CH3(CH2)11NCS], a simple alkyl isothiocyanate, is a potent inhibitor of NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis. It was chosen for this study due to its structural features and potency. A single dose of 1-dodecyl isothiocyanate given by gavage at 1 micromol/mouse 2 h prior to NNK administration completely inhibited lung tumorigenesis, while removal of the isothiocyanate group or replacing it with a hydroxyl group abolished the inhibitory activity. These results demonstrate that the isothiocyanate functional group is critical for the inhibitory activity of isothiocyanates in NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis. To gain more insights into the relationship of in vivo inhibition of tumorigenesis with the cytochrome P-450 enzyme inhibitory activity, the effects of these compounds on metabolism of NNK in mouse lung microsomes were studied. 1-Dodecyl isothiocyanate inhibited all three known oxidative pathways of NNK metabolism, with a stronger inhibitory activity toward NNK N-oxidation (IC50 430 nM) and keto alcohol formation (IC50 500 nM) than keto aldehyde formation (IC50 13,000 nM). 1-Dodecanol had a similar selectivity in inhibition of these metabolic pathways, but was less potent than 1-dodecyl isothiocyanate. Dodecane showed little or no inhibitory activity in the same concentration range. These results indicate that the isothiocyanate group of 1-dodecyl isothiocyanate is important for inhibition of NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis and also for effective inhibition of cytochrome P-450 enzymes involved in NNK oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D009602:Nitrosamines; C016583:4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone