title: Small carcinomas of the thyroid. A long-term follow-up of 867 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the adequate extent of surgery for small carcinomas of the thyroid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of 867 consecutive patients with small carcinomas of the thyroid (lesions < 10 mm in diameter) who were operated on at the Noguchi Thyroid Clinic, Oita, Japan, between 1965 and 1987. Mean follow-up was 12.8 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A center for treatment of thyroid disease, where about 1400 thyroid operations are performed per year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thyroidectomy was performed in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of Graves' disease, Graves' disease with nodules, solitary thyroid nodules, multinodular goiters, cysts, chronic thyroiditis and small carcinomas of the thyroid, in 394, 22, 136, 193, 18, 28, and 76 patients, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operations were conservative. Three patients who had adenomatous nodular goiters underwent total thyroidectomy. Modified radical neck dissection was performed in 66 patients. Of these 66 patients, 30 had grossly noticeable nodal metastases and 17 had microscopic metastases. Another 50 patients underwent selective lymph node excision, and 28 patients had nodal metastases. Recurrence from remnants of thyroid was seen in five patients. They were treated by surgery. Recurrence in lymph nodes was observed in five patients, and four of them were successfully treated. Recurrence in bone was observed in two patients; one with recurrence in the femur was successfully treated. Two patients died with recurrent cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small carcinomas of the thyroid can be fatal. Total thyroidectomy is unnecessary. Modified radical neck dissection is unnecessary unless gross nodal metastases are present. Long-term follow-up is mandatory. A
authors.affiliation: Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005266:Femoral Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000601:surgery; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D013966:Thyroiditis / Q000601:surgery