title: The influence of local tumor ulceration on the effectiveness of endocavitary radiation for patients with early rectal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endocavitary radiation therapy is an alternative to surgical therapy for some early rectal carcinomas. Careful patient selection is necessary to ensure good results. The purpose of this study was to examine the authors' experience with endocavitary radiation at their institution from 1984 to 1991 to determine which factors were associated with treatment failure to provide for better future patient selection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with carcinoma of the rectum, not apparently involving the muscle wall, underwent 75-120 Gy of endocavitary radiation as potentially curative therapy. Treatment was given as a series of 2-4 doses of 30 Gy at three weekly intervals. Twenty-two patients had polypoid tumors, 5 sessile, and 5 ulcerated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up of 43 months (range, 6-103 months), 4 of 5 patients (80%) with ulcerated tumors developed local recurrences, compared with only 4 of 27 (15%) with sessile or polypoid lesions. Not only was the incidence of local recurrence greater for patients with ulcerated tumors (P = 0.009), but the time to recurrence was shorter also (P = 0.0001). Tumor size, anterior or posterior location, and dose of radiation received did not affect the rate of recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that superficial polypoid and sessile rectal tumors can be managed successfully with endocavitary radiation. Ulcerating tumors are likely to recur locally within a short time and therefore should be considered for surgical treatment initially.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cataldo
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Garb
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chabot
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014456:Ulcer