title: Inhibition of growth of estrogen receptor positive and estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells in culture by AA-etherA, a stable 2-5A derivative.
abstract: The design, chemical synthesis and biological activities of a nuclease-resistant, nontoxic bioactive 2-5A derivative, AA-etherA [i.e., adenylyl-(2'-5')-adenylyl-(2'-2")-9-[(2'-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]adenine], are described as a new approach to the inhibition of breast cancer cell growth. AA-etherA inhibits DNA replication and cell division of both estrogen receptor positive (MCF-7) and estrogen receptor negative (BT-20) breast cancer cells in culture in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition in MCF-7 and BT-20 cells was obtained with 100 microM AA-etherA after four days of treatment, with an GI50 of 58 and 37 microM, respectively. AA-etherA is stable in the cytoplasm. Treated cells accumulate within the late G1/early S phase of the cell cycle and then progress only very slowly through S phase. AA-etherA does not activate RNase L, as do 2-5A and other 2-5A derivatives, nor does it increase p68 kinase (PKR) content of the cells. High resolution, two-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis reveals twofold or greater inhibition of synthesis of 92 proteins out of 682 proteins that were reproducibly detected as high quality spots with average rates of synthesis of > or = 20 p.p.m. in untreated cells. The specificity of the effects of AA-etherA on select proteins and its failure to activate RNase L indicate that AA-etherA does not act through a general effect on mRNA translation or stability, but rather inhibits cell proliferation through a block to DNA replication, with a concommitant reduction in the synthesis of specific proteins, some of which may be required for cell cycle transit. Two likely targets to account for the AA-etherA inhibition of DNA replication are DNA topoisomerase I, which is inhibited by AA-etherA in other cell lines, and thymidine kinase, which could be inhibited in a manner similar to the effect of acyclovir. These data indicate that 2-5A analogs, particularly bifunctional 2-5A analogs like AA-etherA, will be useful for controlling cancer cell growth. Further development of such 2-5A analogs may provide highly specific compounds for chemotherapy and chemoprevention.
authors.affiliation: Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Latham
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cosenza
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Reichenbach
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mordechai
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Adelson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Charubala
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mikhailov
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pfeiderer
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Suhadolnik
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009843:Oligoribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009843:Oligoribonucleotides; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C098671:adenylyl-(2'-5')-adenylyl-(2'-2'')-9-((2'-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)adenine; C023505:2',5'-oligoadenylate; D004722:Endoribonucleases; C031956:2-5A-dependent ribonuclease; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I