title: Molecular analysis of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family: p16(CDKN2/MTS1/INK4A), p18(INK4C) and p27(Kip1) genes in neuroblastomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chromosomal abnormalities involving band 1p32, especially deletions, are frequent in neuroblastomas, indicating that a tumor suppressor gene(s) is localized at this region. The p18 gene, one of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) genes, maps to this chromosomal region. Complexes of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) play important roles in the cell cycle. CDKIs inhibit the kinase activities of these complexes and block transitions of the cell cycle. Some of the CDKI genes may be tumor suppressor genes. For example, the CDKI genes p16 and p15 are frequently deleted in various malignancies and are thought to contribute to cellular transformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate the importance of CDKI genes, including the p18 as well as the p16 and p27 genes in tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma, 25 neuroblastomas were analyzed for deletions by Southern blot analysis and for point mutations by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No deletions, rearrangements, nor mutations were detected in these genes, however, polymorphisms reported previously were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormalities, including deletions and point mutations of the p16, p18, and p27 genes, were not observed in this series of neuroblastomas. Other mechanisms to inactivate these genes, such as transcriptional or translational defects, must be analyzed. CDKI genes rarely contributed to tumorigenesis in neuroblastomas.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine 90048, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seriu
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Koeffler
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bartram
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases