title: Injuries and small-wheel skates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the types of injuries sustained during the use of in-line skates and to compare them with injuries sustained during the use of roller skates and skateboards, which have similar riding mechanics; and to assess the protection afforded by wrist, elbow, and knee guards.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population was a consecutive series of injured patients who presented to the emergency department of a Level 1 trauma center between May 1992 and October 1993.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 137 patients with skating injuries evaluated in the ED during the study period, 63 (46%) were in-line skaters, 36 (26%) were roller skaters, and 38 (28%) were skateboarders. Minor injuries (sprains, bruises, lacerations) were more common than fractures, and there was no statistical difference in the types of injury between skate groups (P=NS). The most common serious injury was fracture of the distal arm, which occurred in each of the three skater groups (43%, n=59). Of these patients 37% (n=21) required open or closed orthopedic reduction. More fractures of the distal forearm or elbow occurred among skaters who had not been wearing wrist guards (P=.013; risk ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 3.13). Only 25% of skaters used any protective equipment. In-line skaters owned and used protective equipment more often than did roller-skaters or skateboarders. Most injuries occurred while the patient was travelling in the street or on the sidewalk. Injuries occurred more commonly because the skater was going too fast (35%), because the skater struck an object in the pavement (20%), or because the skater was unable to brake (19%) than because of equipment failure (2%) or interference from motor vehicles (3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injuries sustained by in-line skaters were similar to those sustained by roller skaters and skateboarders. The risk of wrist or elbow fracture is greater when wrist guards are not worn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Orenstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005543:Forearm Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012861:Skating / Q000293:injuries*; D014768:Virginia / Q000453:epidemiology