title: Cognitive performance and regional brain volume in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brain atrophy has been reported to occur in advancing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, particularly in patients with HIV-related dementia. Atrophy of the caudate region, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging measures, has been reported to correlate with cognitive impairment in patients with HIV infection; however, differences in the severity of HIV-induced immunosuppression may have contributed to these findings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between regional brain volumes and cognitive performance in individuals with HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 11 patients with advanced HIV disease by using neuropsychologic tests and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging volume analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital, involving patients from a clinical trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caudate volume, expressed as a ratio of total intracranial volume, correlated with performance on the Trails A and Grooved Pegboard tests, but not with other tests of memory, motor speed, or mood (adjusted for age and education). Hippocampal volume did not correlate with any of the neuropsychologic tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caudate volume in patients with advanced HIV disease is associated with poor performance on neuropsychologic tests of complex motor and sequencing skills. Hippocampal volume does not appear to be related to impairment on neuropsychologic tests. These findings are independent of the degree of immunosuppression and the overall extent of brain atrophy; however, these results must be interpreted with some caution, given the limited sample size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Rochester (NY) Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kieburtz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ketonen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feigin
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Caine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests