title: Comparison between a two-layer discontinuous Percoll gradient and swim-up for sperm preparation on normal and abnormal semen samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work was to compare the effects of Percoll gradient and swim-up treatments for sperm preparation on the percentage of progressive motility, recovery of motile sperm, removal of debris, percentage of normal forms according to strict criteria, and movement characteristics of sperm using computer-assisted velocity analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 50 semen samples from 50 patients were tested and divided into two groups: a normal group (n = 27) with normal parameters and an abnormal group (n = 23) with abnormal parameters. The results in both the normal and abnormal groups revealed that the sperm concentration in the Percoll samples was significantly greater than that in the swim-up samples. Although the percentage of progressive motility was greater in the swim-up samples than in the Percoll samples, the number of motile sperm, reflecting the percentage of motile sperm recovery, was till greater in the Percoll samples. The debris of semen was equally removed by both methods and the percentage of normal forms was also similar in the samples treated according to these two procedures. Both curvilinear velocity (VCL) and straight-line velocity (VSL) of sperm were significantly greater in the swim-up samples than in the Percoll samples. Sperm from the swim-up procedure also showed a greater mean amplitude of lateral head displacement than that from the Percoll gradient procedure, but the distinction was insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Percoll gradient technique, by recovering more motile sperm, may be applied to prepare oligospermic samples. The swim-up method may become the standard choice to prepare normal semen which could obtain sufficiently motile sperm, due to its simplicity and recovered sperm with superior motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, R.O.C.
authors.forename: S U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011205:Povidone; D012661:Semen; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa
chemical_list: C016039:Percoll; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D011205:Povidone