title: Combined preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Interim analysis of a phase II trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prognosis of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC) remains poor when treated with local modalities. An intensive preoperative program with chemoradiotherapy was used to evaluate the curative resection rate, pathologic response, and survival of patients with LAEC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients with LAEC were treated preoperatively with chemotherapy (three courses of fluorouracil, leucovorin, etoposide, and cisplatin [FLEP]) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (one course of cisplatin plus etoposide in combination with 40 Gy of radiation). Transthoracic esophagectomy was performed 4 weeks after the end of radiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two patients were included in this evaluation. Forty-four (61%) underwent a complete tumor resection, and 16 (22%) had no tumor in the resected specimen (pathologic complete response [PCR]). The operative mortality rate was 15%. At a median follow-up time of 22 months (range, 12 to 41), the median survival duration of all 72 patients was 17 months (range, 1 to 41+). The calculated survival rates at 3 years were 33%, 42%, and 68% for all patients, patients after complete resection, and patients with PCR, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This combined treatment modality is active in LAEC, with a PCR in 33% of the patients undergoing surgery. The results appear improved compared with those reported with surgery alone, by approximately doubling the 3-year survival rate. The high efficacy of preoperative chemoradiation warrants evaluation of the role of surgery in LAEC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (Cancer Research), Essen University Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wilke
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stuschke
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Siewert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molls
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fett
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Makoski
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Niebel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Eigler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seeber
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil