title: Arsenic and chromium enhance transformation of bovine papillomavirus DNA-transfected C3H/10T1/2 cells.
abstract: Tumor promoters such as phorbol esters, teleocidin and okadaic acid increase the numbers of multilayered, transformed foci produced by BPV DNA-transfected C3H/10T1/2 cells. We questioned whether arsenic and chromium, which are known human carcinogens also enhance transformation of BPV DNA-transfected C3H/10T1/2 cells. Cr(III) potassium sulfate at 100 microM enhanced transformation by 1.4-fold, but Cr(VI) as potassium chromate did not enhance transformation, although toxicity of potassium chromate may have prevented enhancement of transformation. Sodium arsenite (As(III) at 5 microM and sodium arsenate (As(V)) at 25 microM both enhanced neoplastic transformation by 6-fold. By comparison, in previous studies, sodium orthovanadate (V(IV)) or vanadyl sulfate (V(IV)) at 4 microM enhanced numbers of transformed foci by 25-50-fold. The comparatively strong enhancement of transformation by vanadium and phorbol esters suggests that neoplastic transformation may occur by mechanisms that are common to these compounds including alteration of tyrosine phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: B.C. Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Davison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001149:Arsenates / Q000633:toxicity*; D018053:Arsenites / Q000633:toxicity*; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D002840:Chromates / Q000633:toxicity; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000633:toxicity*; D014162:Transfection; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology; D017968:Vanadium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D018053:Arsenites; D002273:Carcinogens; D002840:Chromates; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D004279:DNA, Viral; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D017968:Vanadium Compounds; D014638:Vanadates; C017947:sodium arsenite; C020720:chrome alum; C027373:potassium chromate(VI); C034028:vanadyl sulfate; C009277:sodium arsenate