title: The relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and proinflammatory and counterinflammatory mediators in children with meningococcal septic shock.
abstract: Proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha and interleukin [IL]-6 and -8), counterinflammatory compounds (IL-10 and soluble TNF receptors p55 and p75 [sTNFR-55 and -75]), and hemostatic parameters were determined in 38 patients with meningococcal septic shock. Eleven patients (29%) died. Serum levels of pro- and counterinflammatory compounds and plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 were significantly higher in nonsurvivors. The interval between appearance of petechiae and blood sampling was shorter in nonsurvivors than in survivors (3.6 +/- 2.4 vs. 6.1 +/- 3.3 h; P = 0.4). This interval correlated strongly with the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, -8, and -10, sTNFR-55 and -75, and PAI-1. However, with the exception of PAI-1, differences between concentrations of these mediators disappeared after adjustment for the interval. PAI-1 levels correlated with TNF-alpha concentrations (r = .75; P < .001) and were 1.9 (P = .01) times higher in nonsurvivors at a similar TNF-alpha concentration. Thus, an increased PAI-1 response to TNF-alpha may be associated with fatality, probably because of polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Kornelisse
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hazelzet
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Savelkoul
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hop
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Suur
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Borsboom
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Risseeuw-Appel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Voort
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Groot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011693:Purpura; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10