title: The effect of peripheral vascular disease on long-term mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) on long-term mortality after successful myocardial revascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a regional cohort study of 2871 consecutive patients discharged alive after coronary artery bypass graft surgery at five tertiary care centers in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont between 1987 and 1989. Data reflecting patient characteristics, heart disease severity, and comorbidity were collected prospectively; the presence of clinical and subclinical indicators of PVD was determined by medical record review; and vital status was determined using the National Death Index (mean follow-up, 4.4 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-year mortality following coronary artery bypass graft surgery was substantially higher in the 755 patients with indicators of PVD (20%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 17% to 23%) than in the 2116 patients without PVD (8%, 95% CI, 7 to 9; P<.001). The crude hazard ratio of long-term mortality associated with PVD was 2.77 (95% CI, 2.19 to 3.50; P<.001). After adjusting for their higher comorbidity scores, more advanced cardiac disease, and age, mortality rates in patients with PVD remained twice as high as those in patients without PVD (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.57 to 2.58; P<.001). Long-term mortality was increased in patients with any of the indicators of PVD. Patients with multilevel PVD had especially high late mortality rates (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.64 to 3.68; P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even after successful myocardial revascularization, patients with PVD remain at substantially increased risk for long-term mortality. The presence of clinical or subclinical PVD is important when predicting both short- and long-term outcomes in patients considering coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Birkmeyer
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Quinton
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Charlesworth
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D016896:Treatment Outcome