title: Vesical neck reconstruction in patients with the exstrophy-epispadias complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the factors critical in achieving urinary medicine continence in patients with the exstrophy-epispadias complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 51 patients with epispadias and 33 with classic bladder exstrophy underwent vesical neck reconstruction. Patient records were reviewed to identify factors associated with achievement of continence, including timing of bladder closure and urethroplasty, effect of bladder capacity before and after vesical reconstruction, and effect of enterocystoplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete urinary continence was achieved in 42 of the 51 patients with epispadias (82%) and in 23 of the 33 with exstrophy (70%). Delayed bladder closure did not affect the ability to gain continence but increased the likelihood of subsequent enterocystoplasty (12 of 19 patients, 63%) compared to early bladder closure (5 of 14 patients, 36%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary urethroplasty did not enhance urinary control or reduce the need for enterocystoplasty. Bladder capacity before vesical neck reconstruction did not predict the need for enterocystoplasty or ultimate continence status in individuals. Adequate bladder capacity after vesical neck reconstruction was an important determinant of urinary continence. Approximately half of the patients bladder exstrophy (17 of 33) required augmentation cystoplasty to achieve urinary continence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Husmann
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D004842:Epispadias / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery