title: Extent of oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein determines the degree of cytotoxicity to human coronary artery cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the extent of LDL oxidation influences its cytotoxic effects, thus contributing to its atherogenic potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of native and modified LDL on cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (ECs) were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four indices of cytotoxicity were studied: (i) chromium-51 release; (ii) 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrDUrd) uptake; (iii) morphological appearance; and (iv) EC migration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (i) Minimally modified (mm) LDL (400 micrograms/ml) causes significant 51Cr release; the cytotoxic effect was significantly greater for copper oxidised (ox) LDL (400 micrograms/ml). Native LDL had no effect. (ii) BrDUrd uptake studies showed significant inhibition of cell proliferation by 100 micrograms/ml of oxLDL and to a lesser extent by mmLDL; native LDL had no effect. (iii) Morphological appearance was not altered by native LDL. Changes in cell morphology were induced by mmLDL (400 micrograms/ml), and were more pronounced with oxLDL in concentrations of > or = 200 micrograms/ml. (iv) EC migration was significantly inhibited by oxLDL (100 micrograms/ml), but not by native or mmLDL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent of oxidation of LDL determined its cytotoxicity to coronary artery cells. Native LDL had no cytotoxic effect. In contrast, oxLDL and to a lesser extent mmLDL caused cytotoxicity at concentrations to which cells in vivo might be exposed. This may contribute to the atherogenicity of modified LDL by enhancing cellular injury and inflammation, and by inhibiting re-endothelialisation of areas of coronary artery damaged during the atherogenic process.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Department, Royal London Hospital.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Abbot
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Winyard
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mills
mesh_terms: D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine