title: Impact of adjuvant therapy on quality of life in women with node-positive operable breast cancer. International Breast Cancer Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer is effective but may be toxic. Our aim was to investigate the impact of the presence, timing, and duration of adjuvant chemotherapy on patients' perceptions of their quality of life (QL).
  
  
  METHODS
  International Breast Cancer Study Group trial VI assessed adjuvant chemotherapy in 1475 premenopausal and perimenopausal patients, and trial VII assessed adjuvant tamoxifen or chemoendocrine therapy in 1212 postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer. Patients were asked to complete a QL questionnaire-single-item linear analogue self-assessment scales measured physical wellbeing, mood, appetite, and perceived adjustment/coping. QL was assessed in this way at the beginning of treatment, 2 months after the start of treatment, every 3 months, and at 1 and 6 months after recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline QL scores decreased as the number of involved axillary nodes increased (for example, mean mood score: 66.1 for women with one positive node, 66.4 for two to four positive nodes, 61.3 for five to nine positive nodes, and 59.1 for ten or more positive nodes; p = 0.008 for trends), and were lower in patients with oestrogen-receptor-negative than in patients with oestrogen-receptor-positive tumours (61.4 vs 66.3, p = 0.0009). All treatment groups showed substantial improvement in QL scores during adjuvant therapy. Patterns of QL scores reflected presence, duration, and timing of cytotoxic treatment. Longer initial cytotoxic therapy delayed improvement in QL scores. Later cytotoxic therapy had transient adverse effects. Anticipation of future therapy also affected QL scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, chemotherapy had a measurable adverse effect on QL, but this effect was transient and minor compared with patients' adaptation/coping after diagnosis and surgery. This finding should encourage patients and doctors to choose appropriate adjuvant therapy with less concern for initial toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Medical Division Lory, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hürny
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhard
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castiglione-Gertsch
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gelber
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rudenstam
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simoncini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crivellari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldhirsch
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Senn
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008593:Menopause; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen