title: The CD4+/CD8+ ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving chemoimmunotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As reported earlier, a chemotherapy regimen that consisted of dacarbazine, vincristine, lomustine, and bleomycin (DOBC) combined with natural leukocyte interferon (IFN) has been administered with favorable results to patients with metastatic melanoma. In this study, lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+) were analyzed before and during treatment to elucidate if alterations in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio had any prognostic value.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were systematically obtained from 54 patients with metastatic melanoma who received this chemoimmunotherapy. The frequencies of peripheral-blood lymphocyte subsets were monitored by flow cytometry using the monoclonal antibodies OKT4 (CD4+, T-helper cells) and OKT8 (CD8+, T-suppressor cells).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients had a constantly increasing ratio, while the remaining 27 patients had a fluctuating or constantly decreasing ratio. The former group had a median survival time of 11.8 months, as compared with 6.5 months for the latter (P = .008, log-rank test). This difference was generated among patients who had an objective response. Responding patients with a constantly increasing ratio had a median survival time of 21.7 months, as compared with 10.2 months for patients with no constant increase in the ratio (P = .038, log-rank test). In nonresponders, no difference in survival was observed between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The monitoring of early changes in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio can provide valuable information that predicts the prognosis of metastatic melanoma patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Helsinki University, Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muhonen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Turunen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hahka-Kemppinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pyrhönen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D001761:Bleomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D008130:Lomustine; D003606:Dacarbazine