title: Alterations in tretinoin pharmacokinetics following administration of liposomal all-trans retinoic acid.
abstract: We administered liposome-encapsulated all-trans retinoic acid (L-ATRA) to 48 patients with refractory hematologic malignancies using an every-other-day schedule for 28 days and doses of 15 to 175 mg/m2. In 19 patients, pharmacology studies were conducted after the first (day 1) and seventh (day 15) doses. In contrast to the decline in tretinoin concentration seen within 3 to 4 days of administration of daily oral ATRA, there were no differences between the area under the curve (AUC) of tretinoin concentration versus time on day 1 and day 15 (P = .98, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Peak day 1 concentrations after 15 mg/m2 were higher than those reported after 45 mg/m2 oral ATRA. Six patients with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were treated. Three, each in first relapse and at least year from the last exposure to oral ATRA, achieved a complete response (CR). Disease recurred in two (one at 3 months despite maintenance L-ATRA and similarity in tretinoin AUC on days 1 and 85, and the other at 5 months, 2 months after discontinuation of L-ATRA) and the third was transplanted 1 month into CR. The three nonresponders were in at least a second relapse and failed to respond to oral ATRA before or immediately after receiving L-ATRA. Severe toxicity developed in three of eight patients treated at 175 mg/m2 (joint pains in two, skin in one). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined to be 140 mg/m2, at which dose grade 2 toxicity (primarily headache and skin) occurred in eight of eight patients, but grade 3 to 4 toxicity in none. Compared with oral ATRA, L-ATRA apparently results in greater exposure to tretinoin and for a longer time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Estey
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Thall
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenblum
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cabanillas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurzrock
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopez-Berestein
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008081:Liposomes; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D014212:Tretinoin