title: The relation between an esophageal cancer and associated cancers in adjacent organs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relation between esophageal cancers and head and neck tumors was studied in order to improve the treatment results in patients with multiple cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 3,375 patients with an indexed squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated at our institution between 1960 and 1994; and 81 patients were found to have an associated esophageal carcinoma. Similarly, the records of 434 patients with an indexed esophageal cancer were reviewed; and 54 patients had cancers in other organs or in the residual esophagus. A total of 135 esophageal cancers with 154 synchronous or metachronous cancers were entered into the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of developing esophageal cancer was ten times higher in male patients with head and neck cancer than in female patients. Synchronous or metachronous esophageal cancer associated with head and neck cancer was most frequently seen with pharyngeal cancer (28/360 = 7.8%), followed by in the oral cavity (47/2148 = 2.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better knowledge of the relation between an esophageal cancer and a head and neck cancer may lead to the early detection of subsequent small, potentially curable neoplasms sited in either the esophagus or the head and neck region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasumoto
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate