title: Inferior vena cava filters in cancer patients: indications and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our experience with inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement to prevent pulmonary emboli (PE) in cancer patients with deep vein thromboses (DVT) was reviewed to identify indications, patient characteristics, complications, and long-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of 182 patients with cancer were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had received an IVC filter in our institution between January 1980 and April 1992.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 182 patients, 103 were men and 79 were women. Median age was 59 years (range, 15 to 88). Eight patients (4%) had stage I disease, 22 patients (12%) stage II, 37 patients (20%) stage III, and 115 patients (63%) stage IV. A DVT was diagnosed in 97 patients (53%), a PE in 46 patients (25%), and a combination in 39 patients (21%). Indications for IVC filter placement were DVT or PE in the presence of contraindications to anticoagulation therapy (perioperative, n = 58; CNS metastases, n = 20; thrombocytopenia, n = 7; bleeding, n = 61; others, n = 24; total, N = 170) or anticoagulation failure (recurrent PE, n = 6; recurrent DVT; n = 6; total N = 12). Filter placement complications (n = 6, 3%) included malposition (n = 3), migration (n = 1), arrhythmia (n = 1), and wound infection (n = 1), but no deaths. After filter placement, four patients developed a recurrent PE, and 11 patients developed a recurrent DVT. No significant postthrombotic complications were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVC filter placement patients with advanced cancer and thrombotic complications is safe, well tolerated, and can offer effective therapy/prophylaxis with a low incidence of treatment failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marrero
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000150:complications*; D016306:Vena Cava Filters