title: Effects of availability of patient-related charges on practice patterns and cost containment in the pediatric intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of the availability of daily patient-related charges to healthcare providers on practice patterns and cost containment in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients admitted to the pediatric ICU during the study period. This number included a prospective control group (n=325) and an intervention group (n=273). These 598 patients spent 2,274 patient days in the pediatric ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  The daily itemized patient charges related to diagnostic studies ordered in the pediatric ICU were made available to healthcare providers during the intervention period of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Information was collected prospectively on patients in the control group before the intervention period. This information included data on demographics, daily severity of illness measures, daily resource consumption, intensity of nursing and medical interventions, and daily patient-related charges. Outcome information on survival and length of pediatric ICU stay was also collected. The same data were collected prospectively during the intervention period of the study. Measurements on quality assurance and morbidity were made to ensure that there was no compromise in patient care. There were no significant differences in patient demographics and diagnoses between the control and intervention groups. There was a reduction in the average daily laboratory (16.7%), radiology (9.1%) computerized axial tomography (8.5%), and pharmacy (25.1%) charges in the intervention group as compared with controls. The decreases in laboratory and pharmacy charges were statistically significant (p<.0001). The decreases in laboratory and pharmacy charges remained significant even after adjustment for severity of illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The availability of patient-related charges to healthcare providers can result in changes in practice patterns, producing a decrease of patient charges and an improvement in cost containment in the pediatric ICU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care Section, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston 77030,USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sachdeva
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coss-Bu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Done
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Feigin
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003363:Cost Control; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000191:economics*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013781:Texas