Direct and long-range action of a DPP morphogen gradient.
During development of the Drosophila wing, the decapentaplegic (dpp) gene is expressed in a stripe of cells along the anteroposterior compartment boundary and gives rise to a secreted protein that exerts a long-range organizing influence on both compartments. Using clones of cells that express DPP, or in which DPP receptor activity has been constitutively activated or abolished, we show that DPP acts directly and at long range on responding cells, rather than by proxy through the short-range induction of other signaling molecules. Further, we show that two genes, optomotor-blind and spalt are transcriptionally activated at different distances from DPP-secreting cells and provide evidence that these genes respond to different threshold concentrations of DPP protein. We propose that DPP acts as a gradient morphogen during wing development.
Nellen
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D
Zoologisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Switerland.
Burke
R
R
Struhl
G
G
Basler
K
K
D000818:Animals; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004627:Embryonic Induction / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000196:embryology; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007301:Insect Hormones; D008024:Ligands; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C064196:dpp protein, Drosophila; C085793:salm protein, Drosophila; C072962:bi protein, Drosophila; C090169:tkv protein, Drosophila; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases