title: An anthropomorphic phantom for periodontal radiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To construct an anthropomorphic phantom for periodontal radiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phantom material for the spongiosa was produced by melting polyethylene with calcium hydroxyapatite. Compact bone and teeth were simulated by mixing silicone rubber with calcium hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiographs of the phantom show nearly all the structures relevant for periodontal radiography. Measurements of X-ray attenuation and optical density correspond to those of the human mandible. Any defect in the periodontal bone can be reproduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new phantom will be useful for research and education.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Parodontologie, Zentrum Zahn- Mund- und Kieferheilkund, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Umlauf
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harder
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017886:Durapatite; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010519:Periodontium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011859:Radiography; D012826:Silicone Elastomers
chemical_list: D011095:Polyethylenes; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D017886:Durapatite