title: A subnecrogenic dose of diethylnitrosamine is able to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat when coupled with fasting/refeeding.
abstract: Caloric restriction causes a generalized decrease in growth rate and has been repeatedly associated with an inhibitory effect on cancer development in several systems. In contrast, exposure to complete fasting followed by refeeding is a metabolic condition associated with increased cell turnover in different organs, including the liver. The present study examines whether such condition is able to sustain the induction of initiated hepatocytes following a subnecrogenic dose of diethylnitrosamine (DENA). Male Fisher-344 rats were fasted for 4 days and 1 day after refeeding they were given a single dose of DENA (20 or 200 mg/kg body wt, i.p.). Negative and positive control groups were fed ad libitum and injected with 20 and 200 mg/kg of DENA, respectively. One week later all animals were subjected to the resistant hepatocyte model for the selection of hepatocyte nodules and they were killed 2 weeks thereafter. Results indicated the presence of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) positive foci and nodules (38 +/- 7/cm2) in rats regularly fed and given 200 mg/kg of DENA, while virtually no focal lesions (< 1/cm2) were found in the group receiving 20 mg/kg of DENA and fed throughout the experiment. However, a significant number of GGT positive foci/nodules (14 +/- 7) also developed in rats exposed to fasting and given 20 mg/kg of DENA 24 h after refeeding. No evidence of hepatocellular necrosis was found in the latter group following DENA administration. No effect of fasting was observed when rats received 200 mg/kg of DENA. It is concluded that fasting/refeeding provides conditions which are able to sustain initiation in rat liver by a subnecrogenic dose of a carcinogen. These findings are in contrast with the commonly reported inhibitory effect of chronic food restriction on various stages of carcinogenesis, including initiation.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tessitore
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomasi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sesca
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laconi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Maccioni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004435:Eating; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005215:Fasting; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase