title: The sedative and sympatholytic effects of oral tizanidine in healthy volunteers.
abstract: Tizanidine, an imidazoline derivative with alpha 2-receptor-mediated central muscle relaxant activity, is in widespread clinical use for the treatment of spasticity. To evaluate its possible role in anesthesia we assessed the sedative and sympatholytic effects of orally administered tizanidine in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over study in six healthy male volunteers. Three different doses of tizanidine (4, 8, and 12 mg) were tested and compared to clonidine 150 micrograms. The sedative and sympatholytic effects of tizanidine 12 mg were comparable in magnitude to those of clonidine 150 micrograms, but the effects of clonidine were longer lasting. Similarly, the observed decreases in arterial blood pressure (diastolic, 13% and 19%; systolic, 10% and 8% for tizanidine and clonidine, respectively) and salivation were comparable in magnitude but of shorter duration after tizanidine 12 mg than after clonidine. Clonidine and tizanidine 12 mg had also similar effects on the secretion of growth hormone. Our results indicate that the effects of a single 12-mg oral dose of tizanidine resemble those of 150 micrograms oral clonidine, but are of shorter duration. Tizanidine may thus be a useful alternative to clonidine as an orally active, short-acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist in the perioperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kanto
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheinin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005425:Flicker Fusion / Q000187:drug effects; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; C023754:tizanidine; D013006:Growth Hormone; D003000:Clonidine; D009638:Norepinephrine