title: Sex steroid metabolism and receptor status in hepatic hyperplasia and cancer in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both androgenic and estrogenic steroids have been implicated in the development and course of several liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal changes in hepatic estrogen and androgen receptors and hormone metabolism in a rat model of liver hyperplasia and carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were fed hepatocarcinogenic peroxisome proliferator agents for 3 days to 10 months. Livers were examined for proliferation markers, activity and cellular distribution of sex steroid receptors, and key enzymes in sex hormone homeostasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all times, liver weight and proliferation markers in treated rats were increased. Early exposure resulted in increased nuclear estrogen and androgen receptor activity in treated rats. Tumors that developed after 9-10 months showed a marked decrease in estrogen receptor activity and, in contrast, an increase in androgen receptor activity, as did liver surrounding the tumors. Both short-term and long-term exposure to the carcinogens resulted in dramatic reductions in steroid metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the thesis that, in preneoplastic stages such as hyperplasia, there is an elevation of both receptor activities and that the progression from hyperplasia to cancer results in suppression of estrogen receptor expression but maintenance of androgen receptor.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Eagon
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Elm
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Epley
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinozuka
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases