title: Inhibition of myogenic bHLH and MEF2 transcription factors by the bHLH protein Twist.
abstract: The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and MEF2 transcription factors are expressed in the myotome of developing somites and cooperatively activate skeletal muscle gene expression. The bHLH protein Twist is expressed throughout the epithelial somite and is subsequently excluded from the myotome. Ectopically expressed mouse Twist (Mtwist) was shown to inhibit myogenesis by blocking DNA binding by MyoD, by titrating E proteins, and by inhibiting trans-activation by MEF2. For inhibition of MEF2, Mtwist required heterodimerization with E proteins and an intact basic domain and carboxyl-terminus. Thus, Mtwist inhibits both families of myogenic regulators and may regulate myotome formation temporally or spatially.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Spicer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lassar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs / Q000502:physiology*; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D017570:MyoD Protein; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; C497455:Idb1 protein, mouse; C499409:Mef2 protein, Drosophila; C544913:Tcf7l1 protein, mouse; C497753:Twi protein, Drosophila