title: Differential 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent transcriptional activation by murine retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) and RXR beta. Role of cell type and RXR domains.
abstract: The 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA)-inducible enhancer of the rat cellular retinol-binding protein type II gene (CRBP II) was shown to be differentially regulated by the murine retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) as compared with RXR beta. Transient transfection assays performed in NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells demonstrated that RXR alpha yielded a high level of 9cRA-dependent transcription of a reporter gene linked to the CRBP II enhancer, when compared with RXR beta. This effect was cell type-dependent, since both receptors elicited comparable transcriptional activation of the same reporter in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. To further explore the structural determinants responsible for the differences between these two receptors, a series of chimeric receptor constructs were made. Co-transfection assays utilizing these chimeras demonstrated that both the N terminus and the hinge region connecting the DNA binding domain with the ligand binding domain of RXR alpha were responsible for the high level of 9cRA-dependent transcription observed in NIH 3T3 cells, Furthermore, the hinge region of RXR alpha was shown to be necessary to repress, in the absence of hormone, the transcriptional activation function located in the N-terminal domain of RXR alpha. These results stress the importance of functional links between different RXR domains and suggest an RXR subtype and cell type-dependent specificity in the control of the 9cRA response.
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hallenbeck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minucci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lippoldt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phyillaier
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozato
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Nikodem
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; C082928:retinoic acid binding protein II, cellular; D015474:Isotretinoin