title: Aprotinin use with hypothermic circulatory arrest for aortic valve and thoracic aortic surgery: renal function and early survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aprotinin is widely used during high risk cardiac surgery to reduce blood loss. Concern has been expressed about the safety of aprotinin in association with hypothermic circulatory arrest for surgery of the thoracic aorta and aortic valve.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 19 patients undergoing surgery of the ascending aorta and/or the aortic arch using hypothermic circulatory arrest (15 - 20 degrees C) in conjunction with the use of aprotinin were studied prospectively from January 1993 to October 1994. The indications for operation were aortic dissection (n = 15) (11 acute) or annuloaortic ectasia (n = 4); 11 were emergency procedures. Ten patients underwent aortic valve replacement as part of a composite aortic root replacement and in seven patients aortic valve resuspension was possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean total chest tube drainage was 878 +/- 548 ml (range 300 - 2,000 ml) with a mean usage of homologous blood of 2,328 +/- 1,600 ml. All but one patient survived (mortality 5.3%). None of the survivors experienced any adverse cardiac or neurological events. Serum creatinine rose significantly from a mean of 102 +/- 17 micromol/L preoperatively, to a mean of 172 +/- 100 micromol/L postoperatively (p<0.05), however, none of the patients became anuric or required dialysis and all values returned to preoperative levels by six weeks after surgery. Median intensive care stay was two days (range 1 - 20 days) and the median postoperative hospital stay was 11 days (range 6 - 50 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that aprotinin in conjunction with hypothermic circulatory arrest for surgery of the thoracic aorta and aortic valve has no adverse effect on early survival. However, significant though transient postoperative renal dysfunction was commonly observed in our experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Regragui
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Izzat
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wisheart
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Angelini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D007611:Aprotinin