title: Characterization of Gas6, a member of the superfamily of G domain-containing proteins, as a ligand for Rse and Axl.
abstract: Rse, Ax1, and c-Mer comprise a family of cell adhesion molecule-related tyrosine kinase receptors. Human Gas6 was recently shown to act as a ligand for both human Rse (Godowski et al., 1995) and human Ax1 (Varnum et al., 1995). Gas6 contains an NH2-terminal Gla domain followed by four epidermal growth factor-like repeats and tandem globular (G) domains. The G domains are related to those found in sex hormone-binding globulin and to those utilized by laminin and agrin for binding to the dystroglycan complex. A series of Gas6 variants were tested for their ability to bind to Rse and Ax1. The Gla domain and epidermal growth factor-like repeats were not required for receptor binding, as deletion variants of Gas6 which lacked these domains bound to the extracellular domains of both Rse and Axl. A deletion variant of Gas6 containing just the G domain region was shown to activate Rse phosphorylation. These results provide evidence that G domains can act as signaling molecules by activating transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, they provide a structural link between the activation of cell adhesion related receptors and the control of cell growth and differentiation by the G domain-containing superfamily of proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hammonds
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadick
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Godowsk
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007668:Kidney; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D016324:Sequence Tagged Sites; D014162:Transfection; D000094963:Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; D000099255:Growth Arrest-Specific Protein 6
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000094963:Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; D000099255:Growth Arrest-Specific Protein 6; C084944:TYRO3 protein, human; C000722289:AXL protein, human