title: Predictors of survival in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of resectional surgery in patients with advanced stages of gallbladder carcinoma has not been fully defined. It is generally believed that the survival depends on the stage of the disease, rather than on the treatment option.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen selected risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses to predict survival in 87 patients with gallbladder carcinoma who had undergone some form of surgical treatment. Similarly, a subset of 55 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV disease also was analyzed separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Palpable mass, tumor (T) status, local infiltration, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and the type of surgical treatment (laparotomy alone, bypass, or resection) were significant risk factors by univariate analysis. In addition to palpable mass and the type of surgical treatment, age was also a significant predictor of survival by multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis of patients with Stage IV disease revealed the same three factors to be significant. In this subset of patients, the median survival after resectional surgery was 16.3 months; after biliary and/or gastric bypass, 4.8 months; and after laparotomy alone, 1.6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The type of surgical treatment significantly influenced survival. Resectional surgery was associated with better survival compared with biliary and/or gastric bypass or laparotomy alone for patients with all stages of the disease, including those with advanced carcinoma of the gallbladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sikora
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kapoor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate