title: Radioimmunoguided surgery after primary treatment of locally advanced breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS) using a handheld intraoperative gamma-detecting probe (GDP) to identify neoplastic disease after primary chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients injected with iodine 125-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with histologically documented LABC were treated with a combined modality approach. After three courses of primary chemotherapy and before modified radical mastectomy, the 125I-radiolabeled MAbs B72.3 (anti-TAG72) and FO23C5 (anti-carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA]) were administered to 11 patients (group A) and 10 patients (group B), respectively. At surgery, a GDP was used to locate the primary tumor and to assess possible tumor multicentricity and the presence of ipsilateral axillary metastases. Routine pathologic examination was performed in neoplastic and normal tissue specimens of all 21 patients. In addition, immunohistochemical assay for TAG72 and CEA expression was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A patients, RIGS identified primary tumor in seven of 11 patients (63.3%) and unpalpable multicentric tumor lesions were located in two of four (50%). Positive axillary lymph nodes were histologically documented in eight of 11 patients (72.7%) and RIGS identified three of eight (37.5%). In group B, RIGS located the primary tumor lesion in four of 10 patients (40%); in two cases, the tumor was not clinically evident. Multicentricity was observed in one of two patients and lymph node involvement in three of nine (33.3%). No false-positive results were observed in either group A or B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RIGS appears to be a safe and reliable technique. However, the MAbs used in this study are not sufficiently specific. RIGS represents a technique for which the full potential for intraoperative assessment of breast cancer lesions can be reached when more specific antibodies become readily available.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, University of Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Percivale
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertoglio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meszaros
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Canavese
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cafiero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gipponi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campora
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Badellino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015166:Monitoring, Immunologic