title: Prognostic value of nuclear grade of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors assessed the interest and the value of Fuhrman's nuclear grade as a possible prognostic factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  An 11-year retrospective study of 190 patients with RCC treated by radical nephrectomy was performed. The distribution by grade was: Grade I, 54 patients; Grade II, 58; Grade III, 58; and Grade IV, 20. The distribution of the patients by tumor stage according to the TNM15 classification was: pT1, 56 patients; pT2, 41; pT3a, 55; pT3b, 25; pT3c + pT3d + pT4b, 5; and pT4a, 8. Significant correlations with other prognostic parameters were noted. Survival curves by grade were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear grade was correlated with tumor stage (P = 0.0001), synchronous metastases (P = 0.003), lymph node involvement (P = 0.0001), renal vein involvement (P = 0.0001), tumor size (P = 0.0001), and perirenal fat involvement (P = 0.001). No correlation was found between nuclear grade and tumor multicentricity (P = 0.14) and cell type (P = 0.2). Nuclear grade was an effective parameter in predicting development of distant metastases after nephrectomy. Among the 54 patients who presented with Grade I tumors, only one tumor did metastasize during the 5-year follow-up, whereas 17% of the Grade III and 30% of the Grade IV tumors metastasized. The 5-year actuarial survival rates of the patients with Grade I, II, III, and IV tumors was 76%, 72%, 51%, and 35%, respectively. The comparison of the survival curves by grade showed a statistically significant difference between the curves when Grade I and II tumors were compared with Grade III and IV tumors (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, nuclear grade was found to have prognostic significance and seems to be an important criterion when considering the outcome of patients with RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Salvator Hospital, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bretheau
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lechevallier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Fromont
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sault
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rampal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coulange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis