title: A 1-year trial of nasal mupirocin in the prevention of recurrent staphylococcal nasal colonization and skin infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The usefulness of nasal mupirocin in preventing recurrent staphylococcal nasal colonization and skin infection has been examined in immunodeficient patients and in healthy staphylococcal carriers but not in immunocompetent staphylococcal carriers who experience recurrent skin infections. We studied 34 such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  After an initial 5-day course of nasal mupirocin ointment for all patients, 17 patients continued to apply a 5-day course of nasal mupirocin every month for 1 year, and the other 17 patients applied a placebo ointment. Nasal cultures were obtained monthly, and all episodes of skin infection were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall number of positive nasal cultures was 22 in the mupirocin group and 83 in the placebo group (P < .001), and the number of skin infections was 26 and 62, respectively (P < .002). Eight of the 17 mupirocin-treated patients but only 2 in the placebo group remained free of positive staphylococcal nasal cultures. One of the 10 patients who were free of colonization during the 12-month treatment period had skin infections, in contrast to all 24 of the patients with positive cultures (P < .01). Staphylococci resistant to mupirocin were observed in 1 patient. No adverse effects were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A monthly application of mupirocin ointment in staphylococcal carriers reduces the incidence of nasal colonization, which in turn lowers the risk of skin infection.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Central Emek Hospital, Afula, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miron
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colodner
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Staler
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Samara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Keness
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016712:Mupirocin