title: Gunshot injuries of the sacrum.
abstract: Gunshots to the sacrum are unusual and present several management problems. Associated injuries and particularly sacral bleeding are troublesome. Conventional methods of hemostasis are not suitable in this setting as the spinal blood supply is very complex because it is largely derived from the longitudinal spinal arteries originating intracranially. Attempts at proximal control are difficult and could lead to neurological injury. We successfully managed brisk bleeding in three patients with sacral gunshots. After the major intra abdominal hemorrhage had been controlled, attention was turned to the sacral wounds that had been packed with sponges up to that time. The sacral defect was closed with bone wax to control bleeding definitively. Methyl cellulose was then put over the bone wax and the periosteum of the sacrum and posterior peritoneum (mobilized if necessary), sutured over the methyl cellulose. Post operatively the patients are carefully monitored for developing neurological deficit that would necessitate immediate sacral laminectomy and decompression. We advocate tamponading of the sacral wound with bone wax, covered by methyl cellulose and kept in place and held firm by the periosteum and posterior peritoneum sutured over it as a successful interim or definitive form of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Naude
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Bongard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010168:Palmitates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012447:Sacrum / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D014885:Waxes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D006490:Hemostatics; D010168:Palmitates; D014885:Waxes; C055480:bone wax; D008747:Methylcellulose