title: The periurethral glands do not significantly influence the serum prostate specific antigen concentration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The periurethral glands are known to produce prostate specific antigen (PSA). With ultra-sensitive assays now routinely available, it is necessary to determine if the periurethral glands significantly influence serum PSA concentration after radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum PSA levels of 46 men, 51 to 89 years old (median age 67) who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and total urethrectomy, were compared with those of 92 men 46 to 91 years old (median age 67) who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy only. All men had transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder without gross or microscopic evidence of prostate cancer and all underwent ileal conduit diversion. Serum was obtained at least 1 year postoperatively. Each specimen was analyzed using the Tosoh, Immulite, and Yu and Diamandis ultra-sensitive PSA assays with analytical detection limits of 0.02 ng./ml., 0.004 ng./ ml. and 0.002 ng./ml., respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median PSA for the radical cystoprostatectomy with urethrectomy group was 0.00 ng./ml. (range 0.00 to 0.14) for each of the 3 assays. For the radical cystoprostatectomy only group the median Tosoh and Immulite PSA assay levels were 0.01 ng./ml. (range 0.00 to 0.22), and median Yu and Diamandis PSA assay level was 0.00 ng./ml. (range 0.00 to 0.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greatest difference in median PSA levels that could be found between men with and without periurethral glands when using 3 different ultra-sensitive assays was 0.01 ng./ml., indicating that the periurethral glands do not have a clinically significant effect on serum PSA concentration after radical prostatectomy. Thus, a serum PSA level above the residual cancer detection limit following radical prostatectomy, even if obtained with a ultra-sensitive assay, reflects either malignant or benign residual prostatic tissue, rather than the presence of periurethral glands.
authors.affiliation: Michigan Prostate Institute and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oesterling
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Tekchandani
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bergstralh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reichstein
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Diamandis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yemoto
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Stamey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery; D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D014521:Urethra / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen