title: Generator sources for the early and late ulnar hypothenar premotor potentials: short segment electrophysiologic studies and cadaveric dissection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the generator sources for the ulnar hypothenar premotor potentials (PMPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational.
  
  
  METHODS
  EMG laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten asymptomatic adult volunteers, three cadaver hands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Far-field versus near-field characteristics of recorded PMPs as determined by bipolar and referential recording electrode montages. A possible anatomic basis for any observed differences between ulnar PMPs and previously studied median PMPs were explored through cadaveric dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An early PMP (E-PMP) had a latency that varied with changes in the position of G1 only. A late PMP (L-PMP was seen only when G1 and G2 were on different volumes (palm vs fifth digit, or second digit vs fifth digit); its latency did not vary significantly with changes in the position of G1 and G2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) E-PMP is a near-field potential generated by the ulnar nerve passing near the G1 electrode. (2) L-PMP represents a far-field potential generated by the ulnar digital nerves as they traverse from the hand volume containing G1 to the finger volume containing G2. (3) Greater L-PMP-to-CMAP separation in the median than in the ulnar nerve was explained by cadaveric dissection, which revealed that the motor branch (responsible for the trailing CMAP) is longer in the median nerve than in the ulnar nerve relative to each nerve's corresponding digital sensory branch (responsible for the preceding L-PMP). (4) The PMP that is typically recorded with G1 at the hypothenar motor point and G2 on the fifth digit most likely represents E-PMP. (5) Any proposed diagnostic use of the ulnar PMPs must take into consideration these generator sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jurell
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Del Toro
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000502:physiology*