title: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 differentiates normal neutrophilic promyelocytes to monocytes/macrophages in vitro.
abstract: Although it is well established that the addition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3) to the culture of normal human granulocyte/macrophage progenitors induces monocyte/macrophage (Mo/M phi) colonies, the target cells of D3 in the Mo/M phi differentiation have not been identified. We examined whether neutrophilic promyelocytes are the target cells. As a source of the promyelocyte fraction, we used colonies after 5 days of culture (5-day colonies) of colony-forming unit-granulocyte. The culture contained granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as the growth factor and generated only neutrophilic colonies. The promyelocytic nature of the 5-day colonies was confirmed morphologically, cytochemically, and ultrastructurally. After morphological evaluation on part of the individual colonies, they were transferred into new semisolid cultures with or without D3 (10(-7) mol/L) in the presence of G-CSF, then incubated for the subsequent 7 days. With D3, the colonies were loose, and all the constituent cells were morphologically small macrophages, which were positive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate (alpha NB) esterase, strongly positive for CD14 antigen, and plastic-adherent. While without D3, the colonies were rather compact, and all the constituent cells were morphologically mature neutrophils, which were positive for naphthol ASD-chloroacetate esterase and weakly positive for CD14 antigen. Secondary culture of the 8- or 10-day colonies with D3 induced a lower number of alpha NB-positive cells, in proportion to the percentage of promyelocytes at the time of transfer in each colony. Four days of secondary culture with D3 was sufficient to induce alpha NB-positive cells. G-CSF was not an essential factor to induce alpha NB-positive cells. These findings indicate that D3 differentiates normal human neutrophilic promyelocytes into the Mo/M phi lineage in vitro.
authors.affiliation: College of Medical Technology, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsuyuoka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iho
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002117:Calcitriol