title: The composition and ultrastructure of resin tags in etched dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine in vitro the composition of resin tags in etched dentin by SEM and vital staining using Alcian Blue dye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine and human teeth were used. The dentin surface was exposed using water-irrigated #600 grit SiC paper and etched with varying dilutions of aquaeous solutions of phosphoric and maleic acid. Groups of 10 teeth per acid concentration were embedded in PMMA and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SMP) and cylinders of Z100 resin composite were bonded to their surfaces. These teeth were shear tested to failure and the failed surfaces subjected to SEM. Groups of three teeth per acid concentration had SMP and cylinders of Z100 bonded to their surfaces. These teeth were decalcified in concentrated HCL acid. The resultant cylinders and their attached resin tags were either subjected to SEM or stained with Alcian Blue dye. The latter specimens were embedded and prepared for light-microscopic examination. A further three human and three bovine teeth per acid concentration were etched and then prepared for SEM examination. All teeth for SEM were critical point dried.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resin tags were shown to consist of both resin and the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) sheath lining of the dentin tubule. As a result of the SEM observations, three mechanisms are suggested for the formation of resin tags, two of which will probably be found in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Titley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chernecky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003806:Dentin Permeability; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008298:Maleates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019279:Resin Cements; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D008298:Maleates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C083568:Z100 composite resin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C030272:maleic acid; D015040:Zirconium; C030242:phosphoric acid