title: Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on renal function in children with renal transplants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide accurate measurement of renal function during treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH).
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow by clearance of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid before rhGH therapy, after 1 week, and then at 6-month intervals for up to 2 years of treatment in 16 children (mean (SD) age = 13.1 (2.2) years; glomerular filtration rate = 52 (27) ml/min per 1.73 m2). The mean (SD) time from transplantation was 6.5 (3.6) years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear growth velocity during rhGH therapy increased from 4.0 (1.8) to 8.8 (2.6) cm/yr (p < 0.0001). One child was withdrawn after 9 months because of abnormal glucose tolerance, and another child received a second renal transplant after 18 months. Glomerular filtration rate increased to 57 (29) ml/min per 1.73 m2 at 1 week (p = 0.004), remained improved at 6 months (63 (30); p = 0.013), but was not significantly better at 1 year (59 (33)). Effective renal plasma flow on day 1 was 237 (127) ml/min per 1.73 m2 and was unchanged on day 8 (244 (123)), at 6 months (271 (149)), and after 1 year (269 (157)). During the study there was no significant change in filtration fraction, blood pressure, or kidney volume, and excretion of microalbumin and N-acetylglucosaminidase was unaltered. There was one rejection episode per 14.8 patient-months in the year before treatment, 1 per 18.9 patient-months during the first year of treatment, and 1 per 13 patient-months during the second year of rhGH therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with rhGH improves growth in children with renal transplants. Glomerular filtration rate was increased after 1 week and 6 months of rhGH therapy but returned to baseline values thereafter. The data indicate the need for long-term follow-up of children with renal transplants who are receiving rhGH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, Hampstead, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rigden
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rees
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013006:Growth Hormone; D003404:Creatinine