title: Functional outcome in patients with lacunar infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the prognosis and the predictive factors for functional outcome after lacunar infarction. Our aim was to analyze this issue in more detail and with a longer follow-up than in previous reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional outcome was assessed in 81 consecutive patients with a first-ever stroke and clinical and MRI findings compatible with lacunar infarction. We measured impairment (motor, sensory, and cognitive function), disability (Katz's Index of Activities of Daily Living [ADL] and four instrumental activities), and handicap (Oxford Handicap Scale). The patients were followed up for 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 6% of the patients died and 21% had recurrent strokes, mostly new lacunar infarcts. A fast initial recovery was found in most patients. At 1 year, 12% were dependent in personal ADL, which after 3 years had increased to 24%, mostly as a result of the effects of recurrent strokes. In a logistic multivariate regression model, moderate or severe hemiparesis 1 month after stroke onset was the strongest predictor of physical dependence or death at 3 years (P < .001), followed by white matter hyperintensities on MRI (P < .01). Age, vascular risk factors, and recurrent stroke were not statistically significant independent predictors of functional outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional outcome regarding physical independence was favorable in most patients. Motor impairment and white matter disease were the strongest predictors of a poor functional outcome. Recurrent stroke increased disability and handicap but was not a statistically significant independent risk factor. Measurements of personal ADL alone were insensitive in detecting the consequences of stroke in many patients with preserved self-care ability, who still experienced disability and handicap.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Orebro Medical Center Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Söderfeldt
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Olsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome