title: Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in hunter-killed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in four regions of Minnesota.
abstract: Sera from 1,367 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 4 geographic regions in Minnesota collected during 4 hunting seasons (1990-1993) were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii using the modified direct agglutination test incorporating mercaptoethanol. Sera from 30% of the deer had antibody titers > or = 25; 8.6% were positive at a titer of 25, 11% at a titer of 50, and 10% at a titer > or = 500. There was a significant increase in seropositivity with age (P < 0.0001). Adult deer were twice as likely to be positive as yearlings; yearlings were 2.5 times as likely to be positive as fawns. There was no difference in prevalence by sex when adjusted for age (P = 0.316), nor was there age-sex interaction. Only males showed a slight increase in titer with age (P = 0.049). There were no significant differences in prevalence among the regions of northeast pine/aspen forest, southwest tall-grass prairie, southeast mixed-hardwood forest, and aspen/oak suburban park land. There were no statistically significant differences by year of collection. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in white-tailed deer remains high and deer hunters and consumers should ensure that venison is well-cooked or frozen prior to consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul 55108, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vanek
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thulliez
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Stromberg
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D003670:Deer / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan