title: Deactivation of human visual cortex during involuntary ocular oscillations. A PET activation study.
abstract: Prompted by the observation of decreased glucose metabolism in the striate and extrastriate visual cortex in a patient with opsoclonus, we studied the influence of involuntary eye movements on visual cortex activity. Repeated measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by PET were performed in 12 healthy volunteers using H2(15)O-bolus technique after ear canal irrigation with ice cold or warm (44 degrees C) water with the subjects eyes closed. In addition to blood flow increases in areas involved in central vestibular processing, statistical subtraction analysis revealed a nearly symmetrical, bilateral, highly significant decrease in the occipital cortex covering Brodmann areas 17, 18, and 19 after ice water stimulation of either ears. Region of interest analysis revealed in all subjects a mean decrease in regional CBF (rCBF) of 12.8% (range 4.6-21.0%) in these areas. A similar but less pronounced effect (mean rCBF decrease in visual cortex 4.8%, range 1.1-11.5%) was observed after warm water irrigation. The observations suggest that deactivation of the visual cortex is induced by involuntary ocular oscillations. This deactivation is not dependent on changes of the retinal input (eyes closed). The physiological significance of this hitherto unknown phenomenon may be the protection from inadequate visual input (oscillopsia) during involuntary ocular oscillations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bartenstein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieterich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weindl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minoshima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwaiger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brandt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009760:Nystagmus, Physiologic; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D014867:Water; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D003847:Deoxyglucose