title: Direct determination of zolpidem and its main metabolites in urine using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.
abstract: Zolpidem is a new sleep inducer belonging to the imidazopyridine class. We wish to report a method for the determination of zolpidem and its main metabolites in urine without extraction using capillary electrophoresis with UV laser-induced fluorescence detection with a He-Cd laser. A 10-nl sample of urine can be directly applied to the capillary. The separation is carried out within 10 min, and the limit of detection is 2 ng/ml. This procedure is very simple and fast. No organic solvents are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hempel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blaschke
mesh_terms: D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000652:urine*; D007834:Lasers; D011725:Pyridines / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D000077334:Zolpidem