title: Oral clonidine premedication enhances the quality of postoperative analgesia by intrathecal morphine.
abstract: Since clonidine potentiates the analgesia by morphine, the current study was performed to investigate whether oral clonidine premedication would enhance the postoperative analgesia by intrathecal morphine. Twenty-six patients, aged 37-60 yr, schedule for abdominal total hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia, were studied. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups; the clonidine group (n = 13) received oral clonidine approximately 5 micrograms/kg, and the control group (n = 13) received no clonidine. All patients received hyperbaric tetracaine 12 mg dissolved in 10% dextrose and morphine 0.2 mg for spinal anesthesia. We measured duration of analgesia (time to the first request for supplemental analgesics) and motor block. We also recorded the total number of injections of supplemental analgesics, and intensity of postoperative visual analog pain scores, nausea, and pruritus for 48 h after intrathecal administration. Duration of analgesia in the clonidine group was longer than the control group (2017 +/- 263 vs 1190 +/- 199 min, mean +/- SEM; P < 0.05). Although there was no difference in the total number of injections of supplemental analgesics (1.1 +/- 0.4 and 2.2 +/- 0.3 in the clonidine and control groups, respectively), the number of patients not requiring supplemental analgesics during the entire study period was larger in the clonidine group than the control group (six patients versus one patient; P < 0.05). There were no differences at any observation point between groups in visual analog pain scores, or the incidence of nausea and pruritus. Oral clonidine preanesthetic medication enhances the postoperative analgesia of intrathecal morphine plus tetracaine without increasing the intensity of side effects from morphine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goyagi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D009407:Nerve Block; D011182:Postoperative Care
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D003000:Clonidine