title: Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
abstract: The anti-HIV agent (+/-)-calanolide A (1) has been synthesized in a five-step approach starting with phloroglucinol [-->5-->6-->11-->18-->(+/-)-1], which includes Pechmann reaction, Friedel-Crafts acylation, chromenylation with 4,4-dimethoxy-2-methylbutan-2-ol, cyclization, and Luche reduction. Cyclization of chromene 11 to chromanone 18 was achieved by employing either acetaldehyde diethyl acetal or paraldehyde in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and pyridine or PPTS. Luche reduction of chromanone 18 at lower temperature preferably yielded (+/-)-1. Reduction of chromone 12, synthesized by Kostanecki-Robinson reaction from chromene 11, failed to afford (+/-)-1. The synthetic (+/-)-1 has been chromatographically resolved into its optically active forms, (+)- and (-)-1. The anti-HIV activities for synthetic (+/-)-1, as well as resultant (+)- and (-)-1, have been determined. Only (+)-1 accounted for anti-HIV activity, which was similar to the data reported for the natural product, and (-)-1 was inactive.
authors.affiliation: MediChem Research, Inc., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Flavin
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khilevich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kucherenko
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sheinkman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vilaychack
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pengsuparp
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pezzuto
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Flavin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cibulski
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Shone
authors.forename: Z Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003374:Coumarins / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D039681:Pyranocoumarins; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003374:Coumarins; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D039681:Pyranocoumarins; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; C075959:calanolide A