The mouse gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. Genomic structure, definition of the transcriptional unit, and characterization of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory sequences.
We describe the genomic organization and functional characterization of the mouse gene encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a polypeptide implicated in embryonic vascular development and postnatal angiogenesis. The coding region for mouse VEGF is interrupted by seven introns and encompasses approximately 14 kilobases. Organization of exons suggests that, similar to the human VEGF gene, alternative splicing generates the 120-, 164-, and 188-amino acid isoforms, but does not predict a fourth VEGF isoform corresponding to human VEGF206. Approximately 1. 2 kilobases of 5'-flanking region have been sequenced, and primer extension analysis identified a single major transcription initiation site, notably lacking TATA or CCAT consensus sequences. The 5'-flanking region is sufficient to promote a 7-fold induction of basal transcription. The genomic region encoding the 3'-untranslated region was determined by Northern and nuclease mapping analysis. Investigation of mRNA sequences responsible for the rapid turnover of VEGF mRNA (mRNA half-life, <1 h) (Shima, D. T. , Deutsch, U., and D'Amore, P. A. (1995) FEBS Lett. 370, 203-208) revealed that the 3'-untranslated region was sufficient to trigger the rapid turnover of a normally long-lived reporter mRNA in vitro. These data and reagents will allow the molecular and genetic analysis of mechanisms that control the developmental and pathological expression of VEGF.
Shima
D T
DT
Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences and the Department of Pathology,, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Kuroki
M
M
Deutsch
U
U
Ng
Y S
YS
Adamis
A P
AP
D'Amore
P A
PA
D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D017931:DNA Primers; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
D017931:DNA Primers; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors