title: Clinical features of small hepatocellular carcinomas as assessed by histologic grades.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ninety-seven patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) measuring 3 cm or less in size and three patients with adenomatous hyperplasia who underwent radical hepatic resection were examined in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The lesions were classified into four groups according to the following histologic grading criteria: group A, adenomatous hyperplasia (n = 3); group B, early HCC (n = 6); group C, well-differentiated HCC (wHCC) (n = 32); and group D, moderately or poorly differentiated HCC (n = 59). The involvement factors that seemed to be important or to characterize the progression of HCC and the survival rates were compared among the four histologic groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of patients with tumors larger than 2.0 cm in size and that of patients with 200 or more ng/ml serum alpha-fetoprotein increased with the progression of histologic malignancy. Tumor staining on the angiogram, capsular formation, and extranodular invasion were never seen in groups A and B, but they began to appear in group C and increased remarkably in group D. The 5-year survival rates of the patients in groups B, C, and D were 100%, 60%, and 27%, respectively, and statistically significant differences were seen among them. In comparative evaluation of the group C patients the lesions that showed no tumor staining had no capsule, and those that had no capsule had no extranodular invasion. The 5-year survival rate of patients with wHCC without extranodular invasion (81%) was significantly higher than that of patients with extranodular invasion (35%) (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be recommended to provide the category of wHCC without extranodular invasion for pathologic classification of clinically early HCC (i.e., HCC of high curability).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imaoka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kasugai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins