title: Antitumor activity of a phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted against C-raf kinase.
abstract: Substantial evidence exists supporting a direct role for raf kinases in the development and maintenance of certain human malignancies. Here we test the potential of phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted against human C-raf-1 kinase to specifically inhibit C-raf-1 kinase gene expression and tumor progression in cell culture and in vivo, using human tumor xenograft mouse models. Treatment of human tumor cells with appropriate phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides led to specific inhibition of C-raf kinase gene expression in cell culture and in vivo at well-tolerated doses. Moreover, oligodeoxynucleotide treatment resulted in potent antiproliferative effects in cell culture and potent antitumor effects in vivo against a variety of tumor types that were highly consistent with an antisense mechanism of action for these compounds. These studies strongly suggest that antisense inhibitors targeted against C-raf-1 kinase may be of considerable value as antineoplastic agents that display activity against a wide spectrum of tumor types at well-tolerated doses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California 92008, USA.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Monia
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fabbro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000187:drug effects*; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013873:Thionucleotides; C099587:ISIS 5132; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf