title: Catecholamine release caused by carbon dioxide insufflation during laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated plasma catecholamine levels during pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine were evaluated in 29 patients who underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery in a half lateral decubitus position (group 1) or laparoscopic varicocelectomy in a Trendelenburg position (group 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly 5 minutes after carbon dioxide insufflation compared to levels after Veress needle insertion and just before insufflation. The elevation of catecholamine levels during laparoscopic procedures was greater in group 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that carbon dioxide insufflation may cause catecholamine release during laparoscopic surgery. Careful monitoring of hemodynamics is mandatory at the beginning of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kansai Medical University, Morigichi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujise
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shingu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine