title: Hepatic cholesterol metabolism in patients with cholesterol gallstones: enhanced intracellular transport of cholesterol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alterations of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in patients with cholesterol gallstones are still controversial. This study investigated whether hepatic cholesterol metabolism is altered in Japanese patients with cholesterol gallstones.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this systematic study of 24 middle-aged nonobese and nondiabetic Japanese patients who had cholesterol gallstones and were undergoing elective cholecystectomy, an analysis of three regulatory enzymes in the cholesterol metabolism, as well as cytosolic total and free cholesterol levels and sterol carrier protein 2/nonspecific lipid transfer protein (SCP2/nsLTP) levels, was conducted using liver biopsy samples obtained during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and acyl-CoA/cholesterol acyltransferase were not significantly different between patients and controls. Nevertheless, patients with gallstones showed tendencies for elevated HMG-CoA reductase activity and protein content and decreased cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activities. As anticipated, serum levels of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol and squalene paralleled these findings. The patients with gallstones also had significantly increased cytosolic total and free cholesterol levels (P < 0.001), which correlated strongly with increased cytosolic levels of SCP2/nsLTP (r = 0.80, P < 0.001 and r = 0.81, P < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that intracellular cholesterol transport is enhanced in patients with cholesterol gallstones.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakimoto
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Trzaskos
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols / Q000097:blood; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010940:Plant Proteins; D013185:Squalene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols; D010940:Plant Proteins; C030363:lipid transfer protein; C072087:sterol carrier proteins; C011724:cholest-5-en-3 beta,7 alpha-diol; D013185:Squalene; D002784:Cholesterol; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase