title: Some effects of water on dentin bonding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals of this study were to determine how: 1) the bond strengths of hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)-based dentin primers are affected by different solvents (water or acetone), 2) the application time of these primers affect the bond strength, and 3) the conversion of water contaminated bonding resins.
  
  
  METHODS
  HEMA (35%), mixed with water or acetone, was placed on moist dentin for 30 or 120 s, dried, covered with a bonding resin, and light-cured. Composite cylinders were bonded to these surfaces, and the shear bond strength was determined after 30 d of water storage at 37 degrees C. The conversion of bonding resins containing 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mL water per mL of bonding resin was determined with FTIR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two acetone groups gave significantly (p<0.5) higher bond strength values (sigma 30s=22.2 +/- 2.1 MPa and sigma 120s=21.5 +/- 3.2 MPa) than the two water groups (sigma 30s=7.0 +/- 3.3 MPa and sigma 120s=16.2 +/- 4.8 MPa). In contrast to the acetone-based primer, the water-based primer improved its bond strength with increased priming time without reaching that of the two acetone groups. The conversion of the bonding resin was 53.5%, which decreased to approximately 25% when 0.2 mL or more water was added per mL resin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to acetone, water is inferior as a solvent for HEMA-based dentin primers and gives both lower bond strength and requires longer priming time than acetone. A possible explanation of these results is the ability of water to interfere with the polymerization of the resin systems.
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Söderholm
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; C065771:P50 composite resin; D000096:Acetone; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate