title: Prognostic value of histopathologic parameters of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The grading of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) has not yet proved to be prognostically significant. Therefore, the prognostic impact of various histologic parameters was investigated and compared with that of the WHO grading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor samples from 138 patients with SCC of the esophagus who underwent potentially curative resection (no residual tumor or distant metastases) were evaluated for the following histologic parameters: degree of keratinization, nuclear polymorphism, pattern of invasion, mitotic activity, and inflammatory response. The prognostic impact of these parameters was analyzed by univariate and multivariate survival analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the univariate analysis, the inflammatory response (P = 0.0006), pattern of invasion (P = 0.0011), and nuclear polymorphism (P = 0.0161) were the only parameters that correlated with survival. However, in a multivariate survival analysis including these parameters, only pattern of invasion (P = 0.0010) and inflammatory response (P = 0.0076) were prognostically significant. Based on these results, a new prognostic score system was defined that correlated significantly with survival in the univariate survival analysis (P = 0.0002). In contrast, the WHO histologic grade was not prognostically significant. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the new prognostic score system proved to be an independent prognostic parameter (P = 0.0062), ranking next to pT classification (P = 0.0001) and pN classification (P = 0.0014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For SCC of the esophagus, histologic grading based on pattern of invasion and inflammatory response had an independent prognostic impact, whereas the grading system proposed by the WHO had no significant prognostic value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarbia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bittinger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porschen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dutkowski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willers
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gabbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008938:Mitosis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins