title: The pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of zileuton 200 to 800mg, its enantiomers, and its metabolites, in normal healthy volunteers.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of zileuton 200 to 800mg, its R(+) and S(-) enantiomers, and its N-dehydroxylated and glucuronide metabolites have been investigated in a randomised study in 16 normal male healthy volunteers. Zileuton was 93.4% bound to plasma proteins. The overall dispositional pharmacokinetics of zileuton racemate appeared to be linear. The mean dose-normalised area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0-infinity) remained constant, while the mean dose-normalised peak plasma concentration (Cmax) decreased with the increase in dose, possibly because of dissolution rate-limited absorption at the higher doses. The R(+) and S(-) enantiomers of zileuton may have similar absorption profiles, although the apparent total plasma clearance of the S(-) enantiomer was 49 to 76% higher than the corresponding values for the R(+) enantiomer. The AUC0-infinity of each enantiomer increased proportionately with dose. The pharmacokinetics of the N-dehydroxylated metabolite of zileuton were highly variable, with a more than dose-proportional increase in the mean dose-normalised Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve from zero to 24 hours. The elimination of the glucuronide metabolites of the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers of zileuton was formation rate-limited. The mean percentage of the administered zileuton dose recovered in urine as glucuronide metabolites ranged from 73.1 to 76.5% and showed no dose-related differences. The renal clearance of the glucuronide metabolites of zileuton exceeded the normal glomerular filtration rate, suggesting that these metabolites may be excreted through renal tubular secretion in addition to filtration.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Department, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Awni
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: el-Shourbagy
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Locke
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dubé
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001682:Biological Availability; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000378:metabolism; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011485:Protein Binding; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D005965:Glucuronates; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; C097393:N-dehydroxyzileuton; D014508:Urea; C063449:zileuton; D006918:Hydroxyurea