title: Protection of ischemic and reperfused rat myocardium by the nonglucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid U-74389G, a new inhibitor of lipid peroxidation.
abstract: We studied the effects of the aminosteroid U-74389G (21-[4-(2, 6-di-1-pyrrolidinyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-pregna-1,4,9(11)- triene-3,20-dione(2)-2-butenenedionate), a putative inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, which protects the rat myocardium after ischemia and reperfusion. Pentobarbital-anesthetized (50 mg/kg) rats were subjected to 60 min of occlusion of the left main coronary artery followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion produced a large cardiac necrosis (81 +/- 8.6% of the area at risk and 65 +/- 14.8% of the total left ventricle), polymorphonuclear infiltration in the jeopardized tissue (myeloperoxidase activity = 4.2 +/- 2.1 U X 10(-3)/g tissue in the area at risk and 7.0 +/- 3.6 U X 10(-3)/g tissue in the necrotic area), hydroxyl radical (OH.) formation (0.55 +/- 0.16 nmol/ml), increased plasma malonylaldehyde (40.2 +/- 3.9 nmol/ml) and lactate dehydrogenase (431 +/- 30 mIU/ml) and caused a decrease in the survival rate. Treatment with U-74389G (15 and 30 mg/kg i.v.) at the onset of reperfusion caused a reduction of necrotic area expressed as a percentage of either the area at risk (76 +/-7.4% with 15 mg/kg and 69 +/- 13.5% with 30 mg/kg; P < .05) or the total left ventricle (53 +/- 13.6% with 15 mg/kg and 46 +/- 16.8% with 30 mg/kg; P < .05). Treatment U-74389G reduced the myeloperoxidase activity, evaluated as an index of neutrophil infiltration, both in the area at risk (2.7 +/- 1.1 and 2.2 +/- 1.7 U X 10(-3)/g tissue with the doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg, respectively; P < .05) and in the necrotic area (4.3 +/- 2.4 and 3.8 +/- 2.9 U X 10(-3)/g tissue with 15 and 30 mg/kg, respectively; P < .05); decreased OH. formation (measured indirectly by the administration of the trapping agent salicylic acid); and analyzing the hydroxylation product 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid during reperfusion (0.35 +/- 0.12 and 0.32 +/- 0.15 nmol/ml with the doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg, respectively; P < .005). Treatment inhibited lipid peroxidation by blunting plasma malonylaldehyde (26.7 +/- 3.1 and 20.8 +/- 3.3 with the doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg, respectively; P < .001), prevented cellular disruption by reducing the increase of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (288.6 +/- 28 and 201.3 +/- 16 mIU/ml with the doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg, respectively; P < .001). Finally, U-74389G enhanced the survival rate evaluated at the end of the experiment (from 40 to 87%). These outcomes suggest that the drug may have potential for cardioprotective use in acute myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Squadrito
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Altavilla
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Squadrito
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avenoso
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ioculano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sperandeo
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Caputi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011281:Pregnatrienes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011281:Pregnatrienes; C074965:U 74389F; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D009195:Peroxidase