title: Feasibility of multiple courses of high-dose cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin for breast cancer or germ cell cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility and safety of multiple, closely timed courses of high-dose cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin (CTC) with peripheral-blood progenitor-cell transplantation (PBPCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients with advanced cancer were scheduled to undergo either two or three courses of CTC with PBPCT. All PBPCs were harvested before high-dose therapy began. Full-dose CTC courses incorporated cyclophosphamide (6,000 mg/m2), thiotepa (480 mg/m2), and carboplatin (1,600 mg/m2) divided over days -6, -5, -4, and -3. Tiny CTC courses (tCTC) contained 67% of the doses of each of these agents. Second or third courses of CTC or tCTC began on day 28.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A sufficient number of PBPC could be harvested from all but two patients. Thirty-five first full-dose courses of CTC were given, 28 second courses, and 10 third courses. Second courses could be given on time and at full dose in 80% of the patients, but there was one toxic death from venoocclusive disease (VOD). Only four of 12 patients scheduled to receive three courses of full-dose CTC could be treated at the time and dose planned. There were three toxic deaths: one of VOD, one of sepsis, and one of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Eight patients were scheduled to receive three courses of tCTC. Eight first, seven second, and six third courses were given. One of the third courses had to be delayed and one had to be reduced in dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A sufficient number of PBPCs for two or three transplantations can be harvested from most patients without much difficulty before high-dose therapy. Two full-dose CTC courses or three tCTC courses can be given safely and with acceptable toxicity at 5-week intervals. Organ toxicity rather than bone marrow toxicity has become dose-limiting for alkylating agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodenhuis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Westermann
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Holtkamp
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Nooijen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Baars
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Wall
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Slaper-Cortenbach
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schornagel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D013852:Thiotepa / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D013852:Thiotepa; D016190:Carboplatin