title: Diet and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in older women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether high dietary intakes of fat, protein, and milk are associated with the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in older women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study with a 7-year follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sample of 35 156 Iowa women aged 55 to 69 years with no prior history of cancer who returned the 1986 baseline questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (104 incident cases).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for age, marital status, residence, total energy intake, and transfusion history, the relative risks (RRs) for the highest tertile of intake compared with the lowest were 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-3.30; P for trend = .01) for animal fat, 1.69 (95% CI, 1.07-2.67; P for trend = .02) for saturated fat, and 1.90 (95% CI, 1.18-3.04; P for trend = .01) for monounsaturated fat, and there was no association with vegetable fat or polyunsaturated fat. Greater intake of animal protein (RR = 1.52; 95% CI, 0.94-2.44; P for trend = .08), but not vegetable protein, was associated with elevated risk, and this was mainly explained by greater consumption of red meat (RR = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.13-3.47; P for trend = .02) and hamburger in particular (RR = 2.35; 95% CI, 1.23-4.48; P for trend = .02). Milk and dairy product consumption were not associated with elevated risk. There was also a decreased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with greater consumption of fruits (RR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40-1.05; P for trend = .07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high-meat diet and a high intake of fat from animal sources is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in older women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cerhan
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Folsom
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kushi
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003296:Cooking; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000209:etiology*; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins