title: Effect of oral water soluble vitamin K on PIVKA-II levels in newborns.
abstract: Intramuscular administration of vitamin K for prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn has the disadvantage of increased cost, pain, anxiety to parents and risk of transmission of infection. Oral route is a better alternative. Oral absorption of vitamin K has been shown to be equally good using special oral preparations. However, this preparation is not available in India. A prospective study was carried out on 51 full term, healthy breastfed newborns to evaluate if the injectable water soluble preparation of vitamin K (menadione sodium bisulphite) could be as effective. Fourteen babies received 1 mg vitamin K intramuscularly, 24 received 2 mg vitamin K orally while 13 controls did not receive vitamin K at birth. PIVKA-II levels were measured in cord blood and at 72-78 hours of age in all babies as a marker of vitamin K deficiency. The overall PIVKA-II prevalence in cord blood was 64.7%. At 72-78 hours, PIVKA-II was present in 50% of babies in IM group, 58.3% of babies in oral group and in 76.9% of babies in 'no vitamin K' group (p > 0.05). The PIVKA-II levels decreased or did not change at 72-78 hours in 91.6% of babies in oral group versus 92.8% of babies in IM group (p > 0.05). On the other hand, PIVKA-II levels increased in 30.7% of babies who did not receive vitamin K as against in 7.8% of babies receiving vitamin K in either form (p < 0.05). Hence, vitamin K prophylaxis is required for all newborns at birth and injectable vitamin K (menadione sodium bisulphite) given orally to term healthy babies is effective in preventing vitamin K deficiency state.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marwaha
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Narang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis*; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006475:Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014812:Vitamin K; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D011516:Prothrombin