title: Blood lipids, cardiovascular fitness, obesity, and blood pressure: the presence of potential coronary heart disease risk factors in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and compare the presence of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors among 14- and 15-year-old boys and girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this cross-sectional study of 54 subjects, a blood sample taken after subjects fasted was used to determine total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride concentrations. Dietary intake was estimated using a 24-hour recall and a 2-day food record. Height, weight, and skinfold thicknesses were measured to identify obese and severely obese subjects. Cardiovascular fitness, blood pressure, and cigarette use also were measured. TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, fitness, blood pressure, and smoking are modifiable risk factors, for CHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents were selected by random sampling from lists of students attending public schools in two central Texas cities. Adolescents who were 14 or 15 years old; were not pregnant; and had no history of high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease were eligible to participate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed using Student's t and chi square tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the subjects, 25% demonstrated two or more risk factors for CHD. A significantly higher percentage of girls than boys had a TC concentration greater than 5.2 mmol/L. Boys (n=29) had a mean fitness score that indicated a higher level of cardiovascular fitness than girls (n=25); however, the mean score for both groups was below average.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data provide support for increased interventions targeted toward lowering the risk factors for CHD and other chronic diseases in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Consumer Sciences, The Univesity of Houston, TX 77204-6861, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Anding
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kubena
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids