title: Proliferation index and vascular density of giant cell tumors of bone: are they prognostic markers?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The proliferation index (PI) and vascular density (VD) in giant cell tumors (GCT) of bone were studied to assess then value as prognostic markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue from 7 nonrecurrent (NR-GCT) and 13 recurrent (R-GCT) tumors were stained with MIB-1, a monoclonal antibody against Ki-67 (nuclear proliferation antigen), and QBEND-10, a monoclonal antibody against CD34 (endothelial antigen). A minimum of ten fields/case were analyzed on the SAMBA 4000 Image Analyzer. Only mononuclear cell nuclei were analyzed for MIB-1 staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean values +/- 1 Standard deviation (SD) for PI (stained nuclear area/total nuclear area) were: NR-GCT, 10.98 +/- 3.70; R-GCT (initial presentation), 8.94 +/- 3.57; and R-GCT (first recurrence), 9.25 +/- 3.52. In addition, the mean PI +/- 1 SD for mononuclear round-ovoid cells was 8.71 +/- 3.47 and was 9.16 +/- 10 for mononuclear spindle cells. The mean values +/- 1 SD for VD (stained area/total area of structures) were: NR-GCT, 10.61 +/- 6.37; R-GCT (initial curettage), 9.40 +/- 4.94; and R-GCT, (first recurrence), 12.56 +/- 5.88. Comparing the means for PI and VD for both groups of tumors using Student's t test showed no statistically significant differences (P = 0.34). In one case of histologically benign GCT that metastasized to the lungs, the PI of the metastatic tissue was not significantly different from the primary tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study presents evidence that the degree of tumor cell proliferation and vascularity are not useful parameters to predict the recurrence of GCT of bone and that there are no significant differences between the PI of mononuclear round-ovoid cells and mononuclear spindle cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sulh
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Present
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division; D005260:Female; D005870:Giant Cell Tumors / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis