title: Traumatic epididymitis: evaluation with color Doppler sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We performed this study to determine whether scrotal trauma can cause hyperemia of the epididymis. This diagnosis is helpful because traumatic epididymitis can be treated conservatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed color Doppler and gray-scale sonograms of five patients who had suffered trauma to the scrotum that resulted in epididymal hyperemia, which we called traumatic epididymitis. We also reviewed the presentation and management of each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Color Doppler sonography revealed focal (one patient) and diffuse (four patients) hyperemia. Gray-scale images revealed epididymal enlargement in all patients. These findings were indistinguishable from those of infectious epididymitis by sonography. One patient also had hyperemia of the testis. Four of the five patients were managed conservatively; the other underwent surgical exploration for a coexisting testicular rupture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful evaluation of the epididymis with both gray-scale and color Doppler sonography should be part of every sonographic survey of the scrotum for blunt trauma. Traumatic epididymitis, which may be noted on color Doppler images, should not be confused with infectious epididymitis. Surgery is not necessary unless another injury requires it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, LAC + USC Medical Center 90033, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Ralls
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012611:Scrotum / Q000293:injuries*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications