title: Multiple Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases from rat brain. Purification, regulation by Ca(2+)-calmodulin, and partial amino acid sequence.
abstract: We have purified to near homogeneity from rat brain two Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaM kinase I) activating kinases, termed here CaM kinase I kinase-alpha and CaM kinase I kinase-beta (CaMKIK alpha and CaMKIK beta, respectively). Both CaMKIK alpha and CaMKIK beta are also capable of activating CaM kinase IV. Activation of CaM kinase I and CaM kinase IV occurs via phosphorylation of an equivalent Thr residue within the "activation loop" region of both kinases, Thr-177 and Thr-196, respectively. The activities of CaMKIK alpha and CaMKIK beta are themselves strongly stimulated by the presence of Ca(2+)-CaM, and both appear to be capable of Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent autophosphorylation. Automated microsequence analysis of the purified enzymes established that CaMKIK alpha and -beta are the products of distinct genes. In addition to rat, homologous nucleic acids corresponding to these CaM kinase kinases are present in humans and the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. CaMKIK alpha and CaMKIK beta are thus representatives of a family of enzymes, which may function as key intermediaries in Ca(2+)-CaM-driven signal transduction cascades in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214, USA. aedelman@ubmede.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Mitchelhill
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Selbert
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hook
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Means
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Kemp
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D007527:Isoenzymes; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium