title: Highly selective bradykinin agonists and antagonists with replacement of proline residues by N-methyl-D- and L-phenylalanine.
abstract: For further studies on the structural and conformational requirements of positions 2,3, and 7 in the bradykinin sequence, we replaced the proline residues by the more hydrophobic and conformationally restricted N-methyl-L- and D-phenylalanine (NMF). The biological activities of the new analogs were evaluated on rat uterus, guinea pig ileum, and guinea pig lung strip. Receptor binding of the analogs was studied in membranes from rat uterus and guinea pig ileum. Influence of bradykinin analogs on the release of cytokines from mouse spleen cell cultures was also measured. Bradykinin analogs were synthesized by the solid phase method, using Boc strategy on PAM or Merrifield resins. The best results in the formation of the N-methylamide bond were obtained with the coupling reagent PyBrop. In position 7 the substitution of D-Phe by D-NMF, retaining the configuration of the amino acid, converts bradykinin antagonists into agonists. The bradykinin analogs with D-NMF at position 7 gave the highest known tissue selectivity for rat uterus among agonists. [L-NMF(2)]bradykinin has moderate agonist activity on rat uterus but antagonist activity on guinea pig lung strip. It represents a new antagonist for B(2) receptors without any replacement at position 7. The same analog completely inhibits bradykinin-evoked cytokine expression by mononuclear cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University-Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reissmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwuchow
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seyfarth
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pineda De Castro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liebmann
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paegelow
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000819:agonists / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011392:Proline; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin; C034515:phenylalanine methyl ester; D010649:Phenylalanine; D011392:Proline; D001920:Bradykinin