title: Treatment of subclinical intraurethral human papilloma virus infection with interferon alfa-2b.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anogenital human papilloma virus (HPV) infection represents a growing concern among physicians in the United States. An intraurethral reservoir of the virus has been suggested as a possible source for reinfection between sexual partners, and may contribute to the increase in the number of affected individuals. Treatment reports of intraurethral HPV infection with adequate follow-up have been lacking. Our goals in this study were to identify the patients with cytologic evidence of HPV intraurethral infection, and to attempt treatment with intraurethral instillations of interferon alfa-2b.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-nine men with anogenital lesions or known exposure to HPV underwent cytologic examination using a urethral swab after all visible disease was adequately treated. Sixteen patients with positive cytology results were treated with weekly instillations of 25 million U of interferon alfa-2b solution for 6 weeks. Urethral cytology was monitored at 2 and 6 weeks post-treatment, as well as every 3 months thereafter up to a year. Those who had a recurrence during the study were retreated with a 6-week course using 50 million U per instillation. Patients were monitored for possible side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen (19%) of 89 patients who entered the study had urethral cytology positive for HPV infection with no evidence of visible disease. Seven (41%) of these 17 patients did not show external (meatal or skin) manifestations of the disease. Fourteen of 16 (88%) men who underwent the therapy were followed for an average of 11.8 months. Nine of those 14 (64%) remained disease free throughout the follow-up. Of the 5 who had a recurrence, 3 were successfully retreated, with a mean of 7.2 months of disease-free follow-up after the second course. No adverse effects of the treatment were noted by blood testing, semen analysis, and patient report.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The urethra is a significant HPV reservoir and should be investigated in patients exposed to the virus. Interferon is a potentially safe and effective treatment option for intraurethral HPV.
authors.affiliation: Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Department of Urology, Chicago, Illinois 60612-3864, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elterman
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rukstalis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins