title: Promoter-dependent and -independent activation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 gene expression by prostaglandin E2 in primary rat osteoblasts.
abstract: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action is mediated by high affinity cell surface IGF receptors and modulated by a family of secreted IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGFBP-5, the most conserved of six IGFBPs characterized to date, uniquely potentiates the anabolic actions of IGF-I for skeletal cells. In osteoblasts, IGFBP-5 production is stimulated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a local factor that mediates certain effects induced by parathyroid hormone, cytokines such as interleukin-1 and transforming growth factor-beta, and mechanical strain. In this study, we show that transcriptional and post-transcriptional events initiated by PGE2 collaborate to enhance IGFBP-5 gene expression in primary fetal rat osteoblast cultures. PGE2 treatment stimulated up to a 7-fold rise in steady-state levels of IGFBP-5 mRNA throughout 32 h of incubation. Analysis of nascent IGFBP-5 mRNA suggested that PGE2 had only a modest stimulatory effect on IGFBP-5 gene transcription, and transient transfection studies with IGFBP-5 promoter-reporter genes confirmed that PGE2 enhanced promoter activity by approximately 2-fold. Similar stimulatory effects were seen with forskolin. A DNA fragment with only 51 base pairs of the 5'-flanking sequence retained hormonal responsiveness, which may be mediated by a binding site for transcription factor AP-2 located at positions -44 to -36 in the proximal IGFBP-5 promoter. Incubation of osteoblasts with the mRNA transcriptional inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole demonstrated that PGE2 enhanced IGFBP-5 mRNA stability by 2-fold, increasing the t1/2 from 9 to 18 h. The effects of PGE2 on steady-state IGFBP-5 transcripts were abrogated by preincubating cells with cycloheximide, indicating that the effects of PGE2 on both gene transcription and mRNA stability required ongoing protein synthesis. Therefore, both promoter-dependent and -independent pathways converge to enhance IGFBP-5 gene expression in response to PGE2 in osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8041, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casinghino
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mittanck
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Centrella
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rotwein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 / Q000235:genetics*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015232:Dinoprostone