title: Stereotypes of emotional expressiveness of northerners and southerners: a cross-cultural test of Montesquieu's hypotheses.
abstract: Montesquieu argued that residents of warmer climates are more emotionally expressive than those living in cooler ones. More than 2,900 college students from 26 countries completed a brief questionnaire assessing the degree to which they considered Northerners and Southerners within their own countries to be emotionally expressive. In addition, individuals rated themselves on their own degree of expressiveness. In partial confirmation of Montesquieu's hypothesis, it was found that large within-country North-South stereotypes exist. Especially in Old World countries, Northerners are viewed as less emotionally expressive than Southerners. Regression and other analyses revealed that self-ratings of expressiveness were, in fact, related to being from the South and to warmer mean temperatures. Several possible explanations for these effects are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA. pennebak@mail.smu.edu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pennebaker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rimé
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Blankenship
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002980:Climate; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012016:Reference Values; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012931:Social Environment; D012933:Social Identification; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology