title: Adreno-cholinergic modulation of junctional communications between the pigmented and nonpigmented layers of the ciliary body epithelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cell-to-cell communications between the epithelial layers of the ciliary body may be critical for aqueous humor production. The aim of this study was to identify pharmacologic agents that affect this path.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole New Zealand rabbit ciliary bodies were mounted in Ussing-type chambers with Ca2+(-)free and Ca2+(-)rich Tyrode's in the nonpigmented (NPE; aqueous) and pigmented (PE; serosa) epithelial side hemichambers, respectively. The NPE of the PE were then permeabilized, either selectively to monovalent ions with amphotericin B or nonselectively to small solutes with digitonin. Resultant active transport activities were tracked as short circuit currents (ISCS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Permeabilization of the NPE with either 10 microM amphotericin B or 10 micro M digitonin led to an aqueous-to-serosa-positive ISC. This ISC was inhibited by serosal-side ouabain and heptanol, indicating movement of Na+ from permeabilized NPE to the PE by the interlayer junctional path, followed by PE-to-serosa active Na+ transport. Permeabilization of the PE with amphotericin B elicited an ISC in the opposite direction, This ISC was abolished by aqueous-side ouabain and by heptanol, consistent with sequential PE to NPE Na+ translocation, followed by active, NPE-to-aqueous transport. Acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine, but not brominidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, each caused an approximately 50% reduction of these currents. The inhibitions were fully dependent on serosal-side Ca2+ and were blocked by one calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, but not by another, calmidazolium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above observations provide evidence that cholinergic or alpha 1-adrenergic activation of the PE causes Ca2+(-)dependent inhibition of the NPE-PE junctional path. A triflouperazine-sensitive entity, which may be distinct from calmodulin, is involved in the inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA.
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Zamudio
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Candia
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wolosin
mesh_terms: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000438:Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004072:Digitonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019850:Heptanol; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists; D000438:Alcohols; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D010042:Ouabain; D000666:Amphotericin B; D019850:Heptanol; D012964:Sodium; D004072:Digitonin; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2