title: Role of guanosine triphosphate in ferric ion-linked Fenton chemistry.
abstract: We measured the production of reactive hydroxyl radical (OH.) by Fe2+ itself or complexed with nucleotide triphosphates or tripolyphosphate (TPP). Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (3-CCA) reacts with the OH. produced by Fe2+, Fe3+ or Cu2+ plus ascorbate and with various iron complexes. We measured in real time the increased fluorescence of 3-CCA after hydroxylation to 7-hydroxy-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7-OHCCA). Phosphate-buffered solutions do not affect the yield of Fe(2+)-linked OH. as do other organic buffer solutions. Our results show that guanosine triphosphate enhances the Fe(2+)-linked production of OH.. We also tested inosine triphosphate, adenosine triphosphate and xanthine triphosphate for their capacity to produce OH. with Fe2+. Inosine triphosphate is the most effective nucleotide in the production of OH.. However, the Fe(2+)-mediated yield of OH. is greater in the presence of TPP compared to the nucleotide triphosphates. Organic buffers as well as the purine and ribose portion of nucleotides compete for OH. and decrease the yield of fluorescent 7-OHCCA. We also decreased the yield of OH. by adding guanosine to the Fe2+/TPP-generating system. Adenosine, ribose and deoxyribose also react with Fe(2+)-generated OH.. The decreased yield of 7-OHCCA occurs because the ribose and purine part of the molecule reacts with OH.. The maximal production of reactive OH., compared to all nucleotides and phosphates tested, occurs with a ratio of 2 TPP/Fe2+ complex. In conclusion, the real-time measurement of the production of fluorescent 7-OHCCA provides a convenient means for measuring chemically generated OH.. The TPP/Fe(2+)-generating mixture, in the presence of 3-CCA, can be used to study the scavenging ability of other competing molecules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Biaglow
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Held
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manevich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuttle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kachur
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Uckun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D003374:Coumarins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D003374:Coumarins; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D003300:Copper; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron