title: Ultrasonographic imaging of the hand and wrist in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess ultrasound findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis affecting the hand and wrist compared to normal volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metacarpophalangeal and carpal articulations were imaged ultrasonically. Two readers reviewed static images for synovial, cartilaginous, and bony abnormalities using severity and probability scales. Ultrasound findings were correlated with disease activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten normal volunteers and 29 patients with known rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Synovial abnormalities and erosions were most commonly identified in the rheumatoid hand and wrist (p < 0.01). Criteria used for normal and abnormal cartilage did not predict normal and disease states. Significant differences in synovial abnormalities and erosions were observed between the inactive and mildly active disease groups as well as the active and mildly active disease groups (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound can detect abnormalities of the hand and wrist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to normal volunteers. Normal articular anatomy is well demonstrated ultrasonically.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Health Sciences Center, Tucson, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heikal
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Maricic
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Krupinski
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*