title: Synergistic enhancement of both initiation and elongation by acidic transcription activation domains.
abstract: The effects of activation domain synergy on transcription initiation and elongation have been examined utilizing a system that permits the targeting of a defined number of activation modules to promoter DNA. As predicted, incremental increases in targeted activation potential were found to result in corresponding increases in transcription initiation. Surprisingly, however, transcriptional processivity, and hence mRNA synthesis, required a threshold level of activation domain synergy that exceeded the level required for at least modest levels of transcription initiation. The degree to which transcriptional processivity was enhanced was shown to depend on the quantity of activation modules targeted to the promoter DNA, rather than the quality. While the RNA-sequence specific HIV-1 Tat trans-activator was also shown to enhance processivity in this assay system, Tat differed from DNA-sequence specific activation domains in exerting a more dramatic effect on the efficiency of transcript elongation.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fridell
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018390:Gene Targeting; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D015756:Genes, tat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C052130:GAL4 protein, S cerevisiae; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase