title: Telesurgery. Acceptability of compressed video for remote surgical proctoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical acceptability of various levels of video compression for remote proctoring of laparoscopic surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physician and nurse observers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled surgical video scenes were subjected to various levels of data compression for digital transmission and display and shown to participant observers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical acceptability of video scenes after application of video compression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically acceptable video compression was achieved with a 1.25-megabit/second data rate, with the use of odd-screen 43.3:1 Joint Photographic Expert Group compression and a small screen for remote viewing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With proper video compression, remote proctoring of laparoscopic procedures may be performed with standard 1.5-megabit/second telecommunication data lines and services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hiatt
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shabot
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D013664:Teaching Materials; D013685:Telecommunications / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States