title: Childhood victims of violence. Hospital utilization by children with intentional injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the utilization of hospital resources by children admitted with intentional injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of medical records for patients 14 years old and younger admitted to a pediatric tertiary care teaching hospital with a level I pediatric trauma center between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992, with intentional injuries (external cause codes E950 to E969) and unintentional injuries (E800 to E949) were reviewed after identification from the trauma center and hospital discharge registries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1495 patients admitted for injuries, 95 had intentional injuries. Among these, 36% were caused by child abuse, 37% were caused by assaults, and the remainder were associated with suicide attempts. Compared with all unintentionally injured patients, those with intentional injuries were similar in gender and race but were significantly older (P<.001). Compared with a randomly selected sample of unintentionally injured patients matched for age, gender, and race, intentionally injured patients had longer mean hospital stays (P<.001), had more medical consultations (P<.001), were more likely to be discharged to sites other than home (P<.001), and had higher hospital charges (P=.007). While intentionally injured children had higher Injury Severity Scores (P=.002), their longer hospital stays were independent of injury severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intentionally injured children use more hospital resources and consequently incur higher hospital charges than those with unintentional injuries. Injury acuity contributes to this phenomenon, as do complex social needs. These data suggest that efforts directed at preventing intentional injuries will significantly affect injury-related health care costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Litaker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006744:Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D014193:Trauma Centers; D014754:Violence; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology