title: Tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells exposed to beryllium.
abstract: Chronic beryllium disease, which results from occupational exposure to particulate beryllium, is characterized by the development of lung granulomas and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta) by pulmonary alveolar macrophages occurs in many chronic fibrotic lung diseases and is thought to contribute to the disease process. The purpose of the present study was to investigate cytokine production by human monocytic cells exposed to beryllium in vitro. The results indicated that such cells respond to beryllium ions in the presence of fluoride by accumulation of messenger ribonucleic acid for both tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta. These findings suggest that inhaled beryllium may directly stimulate the production of these cytokines by alveolar macrophages in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Galbraith
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goust
mesh_terms: D001608:Beryllium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003513:Cycloheximide; D001608:Beryllium