title: Effects of pelleting, lactose level, polyethylene glycol 4000, and guar gum compared to pectin on growth performances, energy values, and losses of lactose, lactic acid, and water in chickens.
abstract: Five mash and two pelleted diets were tested in broiler chickens (7 to 19 d). Mash diets consisted of a basal fraction diluted with either .5% pectin or .5% guar gum. Mash pectin and guar gum diets contained either 3% lactose (PL3m and GL3m diets, respectively) or 6% lactose (PL6m and GL6m diets, respectively). Compositions of pelleted diets (PL3p and GL3p) were those of PL3m and GL3m diets, respectively. All diets contained .5% polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG) except the PL3m0 diet. The latter diet differed from PL3m diet by the PEG content, only. The real applied viscosities of pectin and guar gum diets were 1.48 and 4.94 mL/g, respectively, No effect of PEG was detected on growth performances, and excreta losses of lactose, lactic acid, and water. No negative effect of guar gum compared to pectin was observed on body weight (19 d), except with pelleted diets (P < .05). Feed:gain ratios for guar gum diets were 7% higher (P < or = .001) that those of pectin diets. The AMEn values of guar gum diets were 4% lower (P < or = .001) than those of pectin diets. For mash diets, lactose digestibilities were lower (P < .05) with guar gum than with pectin. Increasing lactose level from 3 to 6% did not affect (P > .05) AMEn values, feed: gain ratios, and body weights (19 d) but reduced (P > .001) lactose digestibilities from 78 to 64%. The positive effects of pelleting on body weights (19 d) were much less pronounced with guar gum than with pectin (P < .05). The AMEn values of pelleted diets (PL3p) and GL3p) were, on average, 2.5% lower (P = .005) than their mash counterparts (PL3m and GL3m). Water losses related to feed intake were greater with guar gum than with pectin (P < .001) and with 6% lactose than with 3% (P = .001) but were not affected (P > .05) by pelleting. Lactic acid losses related to feed intake were increased by guar gum compared with pectin (P < .001), with more pronounced effects induced by high lactose level (P < .05) and pelleting (P < .05). In many respects, the effects of guar gum seemed similar to those observed in an acid liquid diarrhea.
authors.affiliation: Station de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carré
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Florès
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gomez
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000145:classification*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005526:Food, Formulated; D005685:Galactans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007785:Lactose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010368:Pectins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053149:Plant Gums; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005685:Galactans; D007773:Lactates; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D014867:Water; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D010368:Pectins; C007894:guar gum; D007785:Lactose