title: Transcervical gunshot injuries: mandatory operation is not necessary.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that all transcervical gunshot wounds should be explored surgically because of the high incidence of injuries to vital structures. The present prospective study investigated the clinical presentation, the role of various diagnostic investigations, and the need for surgery in patients with transcervical gunshot injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven patients sustained gunshot injuries to the neck and 33 of them (34%) were transcervical. All victims were assessed clinically according to a written protocol and subsequently were evaluated angiographically, and, in the appropriate case, by means of endoscopy and esophagography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 24 (73%) of the 33 patients with transcervical gunshot wounds had injuries to cervical structures. Vascular injuries were found in 48%, spinal cord injuries in 24%, and aerodigestive tract injuries in 6% of patients with transcervical injuries. In the 64 patients without midline crossing, the incidence of cervical structure injuries was 31%. Despite the high incidence of injuries to cervical structures in transcervical wounds, only 21% of the patients had a therapeutic operation. The overall mortality was 3%. There were no in-hospital deaths or local complications in the nonoperatively managed group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study do not support the current recommendations of mandatory operation for all transcervical gunshot wounds. A careful clinical examination combined with the appropriate diagnostic investigations should determine the treatment modality. About 80% of these patients can safely be managed nonoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma, Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center, 90033, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demetriades
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theodorou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cornwell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asensio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Belzberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Velmahos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Berne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D002648:Child; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019838:Neck Injuries; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*