title: Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection.
abstract: The rate of progression to disease varies considerably among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Analyses of semiannual blood samples obtained from six infected men showed that a rapid rate of CD4 T cell loss was associated with relative evolutionary stasis of the HIV-1 quasispecies virus population. More moderate rates of CD4 T cell loss correlated with genetic evolution within three of four subjects. Consistent with selection by the immune constraints of these subjects, amino acid changes were apparent within the appropriate epitopes of human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thus, the evolutionary dynamics exhibited by the HIV-1 quasispecies virus populations under natural selection are compatible with adaptive evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Korber
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kunstman
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Whetsell
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Safrit
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D012367:RNA, Viral