title: Hyalocytes synthesize and secrete inhibitors of retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that enter the vitreous in pathologic conditions, such as retinal detachment, may proliferate and contribute to the formation of epiretinal membranes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study whether hyalocytes, endogenous vitreous cells, play a role in modulating the proliferation of RPE cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell proliferation was measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation in density-arrested human RPE cells after incubation with media that had been conditioned by cultured bovine hyalocytes. Preliminary characterization of inhibitory activity in hyalocyte-conditioned medium was performed, including blocking experiments with a neutralizing antibody to transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta) and proliferation assays that used MV-1-Lu mink lung epithelial cells. Northern blots were done to asses hyalocyte expression of TGF-beta messenger RNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyalocyte-conditioned medium inhibited tritiated thymidine incorporation in RPE cells and MV-1-Lu mink lung epithelial cells in the presence or absence of serum or protease inhibitors. A portion of the inhibitory activity was neutralized by an antibody directed against TGF-beta. Northern blots of hyalocyte RNA demonstrated the presence of messenger RNA for TGF-beta 2. These data suggest that TGF-beta is responsible for a portion of the inhibitory activity secreted by hyalocytes. Additional inhibitory activity is attributable to one or more low-molecular-weight molecules distinct from TGF-beta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyalocyte-conditioned medium inhibits RPE cell proliferation in vitro through TGF-beta and at least one other molecule. Production of these factors by hyalocytes in vivo could provide a deterrent for epiretinal membrane formation that may be perturbed under pathologic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md, USA.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Schoenfeld
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fekrat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carol
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hageman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vinores
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Campochiaro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004247:DNA