title: Uteroplacental and luteal circulation in normal first-trimester pregnancies: Doppler ultrasonographic and morphologic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to establish reference data representative of normal findings at transvaginal color and spectral Doppler ultrasonographic examination of the uteroplacental and luteal circulation in the first trimester and to relate the Doppler findings to morphologic data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed of 64 uncomplicated pregnancies of 5 to 11 completed gestational weeks terminated by legal abortion for psychosocial reasons. Doppler examinations of the main uterine arteries, subchorionic arteries, intrachorionic area, and corpus luteum were performed. Abortion material was examined morphologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the uterine and subchorionic arteries blood flow velocity increased and pulsatility index values decreased with advancing gestation. Arterial or venous Doppler shift spectra were recorded from the intrachorionic area in 91% (58/64) of the pregnancies. Intrachorionic arterial blood flow velocities and pulsatility index values were low and did not change with advancing gestation; the mean time-averaged maximum velocity, peak systolic velocity, and pulsatility index values were 4.6 cm/sec, 6.0 cm/sec, and 0.47, respectively. Morphologic examination showed trophoblast plugs in the spiral arteries to consistently manifest multiple spaces containing red blood cells at the choriodecidual junction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood flow velocity in the uteroplacental arteries increases and pulsatility index values decrease with advancing gestation, indicating a steady increase in uterine perfusion during the first trimester. Our findings suggest intervillous flow to be present as early as the first trimester.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valentin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sladkevicius
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laurini
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Söderberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marsal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply*; D021041:Placental Circulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014599:Uterus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply*