title: Diagnostic efficacy of endometrial cytology with the Abradul cell sampler supplemented by laser scanning confocal microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the diagnostic efficacy of endometrial cytology with the Abradul cell sampler and the effect of supplementing it, in cases with overly thick smears, with laser scanning confocal microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sampling was performed in 1,684 women. All patients underwent subsequent histology. In eight cases with overly thick smears the original smears were restained to allow confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Efficacy was high, with 1,593 good samples. Thirty-one endometrial carcinomas were signed out as cytologically positive and 10 as atypia. In addition, 10 squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix and 1 ovarian carcinoma were diagnosed with this method. Only one case (endocervical adenocarcinoma) was not detected in the sample. In the eight cases in which confocal microscopy was performed, the images were high quality, allowing a correct diagnosis. In addition, the transition from hyperplasia to carcinoma could be visualized in the cytologic smear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endometrial cytology in an outpatient setting is highly effective, and confocal microscopy in selected cases is not only helpful but also highly instructive.
authors.affiliation: Leiden Cytology and Pathology Laboratory, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luzzatto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brücker
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Recktenvald
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Benita
mesh_terms: D004209:Disposable Equipment; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods