title: Characterization of cancer-related disseminated intravascular coagulation in relation to tumor necrosis factor-alpha blood concentrations: possible therapeutic role of pentoxifylline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preliminary experimental data suggest the involvement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in determining endothelial damage related to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The present study was performed to investigate TNF secretion in DIC occurring in metastatic solid tumor patients and to evaluate the possible therapeutic role of pentoxifylline, which has been proven to have a TNF-lowering activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 20 metastatic solid tumor patients who showed clinical and laboratory signs of DIC. Pentoxifylline was given orally at a dose of 1200 mg/day for 28 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormally high levels of TNF were found in 13/20 patients, and mean TNF serum levels observed in patients were significantly higher than those seen in a control group of 50 healthy subjects. Fibrinogen plasma concentrations were low in 11 cases. Patients with low fibrinogen values showed significantly higher mean TNF levels than those with normal or elevated concentrations. Pentoxifylline therapy induced a significant decrease in mean TNF concentrations and a significant increase in mean platelet number, which returned to within the normal range in 11/20 patients. An increase in platelets in response to pentoxifylline was more evident in patients with elevated pretreatment TNF values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest the existence of abnormally high blood levels of TNF in cancer-related DIC, mainly in the presence of low fibrinogen values. Moreover, they indicate that pentoxifylline therapy may determine a decrease in TNF levels in DIC patients, an event associated with an increase in platelet number.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza (Mi), Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lissoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardizzoia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pittalis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tancini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010431:Pentoxifylline