title: Reading two bases twice: mammalian antizyme frameshifting in yeast.
abstract: Programmed translational frameshifting is essential for the expression of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase antizyme, a protein involved in the regulation of intracellular polyamines. A cassette containing antizyme frameshift signals is found to direct high-level (16%) frameshifting in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast to +1 frameshifting in the mammalian system, in yeast the same frame is reached by -2 frameshifting. Two bases are read twice. The -2 frameshifting is likely to be mediated by slippage of mRNA and re-pairing with the tRNA in the P-site. The downstream pseudoknot stimulates frameshifting by 30-fold compared with 2.5-fold in reticulocyte lysates. When the length of the spacer between the shift site and the pseudoknot is extended by three nucleotides, +1 and -2 frameshifting become equal.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsufuji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsufuji
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gesteland
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Atkins
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002474:Cell-Free System; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D017421:Sequence Analysis
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011506:Proteins; C031017:ornithine decarboxylase antizyme