title: Mechanisms for mucosal immunogenicity and adjuvancy of Escherichia coli labile enterotoxin.
abstract: Escherichia coli labile toxin (LT) was assessed as mucosal immunogen and as adjuvant for tetanus toxoid (TT) in mice. After oral administration of LT, C57BL/6 (H-2b) and BALB/c(H-2d) mice were high mucosal and serum antibody responders, while C3H/HeN (H-2k) mice were low responders. High responders exhibited mainly serum IgG (including IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b), as well as IgM and IgA, while mucosal responses were IgA. Analysis of LT-B-specific CD4+ T helper (Th) cells from Peyer's patches (PP) or from spleen revealed a mixed Th1 (interferon-gamma) and Th2 (interleukin-4 and -5) cell pattern. Oral LT given with TT induced TT-specific response patterns identical to LT-B. Analysis of mRNA from TT-specific PP CD4+ Th cells also revealed a mixed Th1- and Th2- type response. Thus, antibody response profiles induced by LT are regulated by both CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cell types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, 35294-2170, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marinaro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyono
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujihashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bost
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McGhee
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D002772:Cholera Toxin; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli