title: Prevention of pain on injection of propofol: a comparison of lidocaine with alfentanil.
abstract: We undertook a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to compare the use of alfentanil 1 mg and lidocaine 40 mg for the reduction of pain during injection of propofol. Eighty-nine patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Group L, lidocaine 40 mg added to 180 mg propofol; Group A, alfentanil 1 mg 30 s prior to propofol; or Group P, placebo (normal saline). The incidence of pain in the placebo group was 67%. Both treatment groups had a significantly lower incidence of pain than the placebo group (P < 0.002). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pain between the groups receiving lidocaine or alfentanil (13% and 24%, respectively). There was no significant difference in the induction dose of propofol between the groups. Fifty-two percent of patients who experienced pain at induction had recall of that pain in the recovery room. Alfentanil 1 mg and lidocaine 40 mg are both effective in reducing pain during injection of propofol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Lincoln County Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nathanson
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Gajraj
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011997:Recovery Room; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D015760:Alfentanil; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol