title: Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin receptors. A novel marker for colorectal tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Receptors for Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin (ST) are selectively expressed in membranes of intestinal mucosa cells and colon carcinoma cells in vitro, suggesting their use as a marker for colorectal tumors in vivo. The present studies examined the expression and function of ST receptors in normal human tissues and primary and metastatic colorectal tumors obtained from patients at surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical specimens were obtained as follows: from normal colon; from primary adenocarcinomas from all anatomic divisions of the colon and rectum; from gallbladder, kidney, liver, lung, lymph node, ovary, peritoneum, stomach; and from colon carcinomas metastatic to liver, lung, lymph node, ovary, and peritoneum. Membranes prepared from these specimens were assessed for the presence and functional characteristics of ST receptors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ST bound specifically to membranes from each division of normal colon and rectum and all primary and metastatic colorectal tumors examined. The affinity and density of ST receptors were similar in tumors of different grades and from various metastatic sites. ST-receptor interaction was coupled to activation of guanylyl cyclase in all normal samples of colon and rectum and all primary and metastatic colorectal tumors examined. In contrast, neither ST binding nor ST activation of guanylyl cyclase was detected in any extraintestinal tissues examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional ST receptors are expressed in normal colonic tissue and primary and metastatic colorectal tumors but not by extraintestinal tissues in humans. Expression of ST receptors does not vary as a function of the metastatic site or grade of these tumors. Receptors expressed by colorectal tumors retain their characteristic function, with binding of ST coupled to activation of guanylyl cyclase. These studies support the suggestion that ST receptors represent a specific marker for human colorectal tumors that may have use as a target for directing diagnostics and therapeutics to these tumors in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Carrithers
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Parkinson
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Urbanski
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Waldman
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000737:chemistry; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D000074261:Receptors, Enterotoxin; D050705:Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004768:Enterotoxins; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D000074261:Receptors, Enterotoxin; D050705:Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled