Infection and AIDS in adult macaques after nontraumatic oral exposure to cell-free SIV.
Unprotected receptive anal intercourse is a well-recognized risk factor for infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Isolated human case reports have implicated HIV-1 transmission by oral-genital exposure. Adult macaques exposed nontraumatically to cell-free simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) through the oral route became infected and developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The minimal virus dose needed to achieve systemic infection after oral exposure was 6000 times lower than the minimal dose required to achieve systemic infection after rectal exposure. Thus, unprotected receptive oral intercourse, even in the absence of mucosal lesions, should be added to the list of risk behaviors for HIV-1 transmission.
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Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Liska
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Martin
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Murphey-Corb
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Ruprecht
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D000818:Animals; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000821:virology*; D012007:Rectum / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000821:virology; D014766:Viremia