title: Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid in seminal plasma and sperm cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possible presence and expression of human papillomavirus viruses (HPV) in human plasma and sperm cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A major medical center affiliated with a medical college.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four randomly selected patients who attended Fertility Clinics at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens of semen were collected from volunteered patients
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of HPV types 16 and 18 DNA and RNA sequences were examined by polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 DNA and RNA sequences were found in two and zero seminal plasma specimens, respectively, and in six and two sperm cells specimens, respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA sequences of HPV type 18 were found in eight and two seminal specimens and in 11 and 5 sperm cells specimens, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results seem to suggest that HPV cannot only infect human sperm cells, certain HPV genes are expressed actively in infected sperm cells. The virus-infected sperm cells conceivably can behave as vectors or carriers for the transmission of HPV, to sexual partner during sexual contact, to fetuses through fertilized eggs, or both.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pao
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000635:transmission; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000821:virology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral