title: Analysis of morbidity and mortality in 60 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis treated by cytoreductive surgery and heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal carcinoma has been regarded as a uniformly lethal clinical entity. A treatment plan combining cytoreductive surgery and heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIIC) was devised and tested to treat such patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morbidity and mortality associated with this treatment approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from adenocarcinoma of the colon or appendix were included in the study. Extensive cytoreductive surgery was combined with heated intraperitoneal mitomycin in an intraoperative lavage technique followed by one cycle of early postoperative intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil. Eleven clinical variables were selected and statistically correlated with morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five complications occurred in 21 patients (morbidity = 35%). Morbidity related to gastrointestinal function included anastomotic leak (n=6), bowel perforations (n=5), bile leak (n=3), and pancreatitis (n=2). Four patients presented with severe hematologic toxicity (Grade 3 or 4). There were three cases of postoperative bleeding, one case of abdominal wound dehiscence, and one case of pulmonary embolism. Morbidity was significantly associated with three clinical factors: male sex, high intraabdominal temperature during HIIC, and duration of the surgical procedure. Enteral complications (bowel fistula and anastomotic leak) occurred in patients with a significantly higher number of peritonectomy procedures and a significantly longer operation. Three patients died within 8 weeks after the procedure (mortality = 5%). Mortality was significantly associated with age and intraabdominal temperature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytoreductive surgery combined with HIIC is associated with a 35% morbidity rate and a 5% mortality rate. Extensive surgery (duration and number of peritonectomy procedures) and high intraabdominal temperature represent the major risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality of patients treated with this new therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: The Washington Cancer Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacquet
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Averbach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ettinghausen
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Steves
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Sugarbaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010533:Peritoneal Lavage; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents