title: The long-term outcome of posterior urethral valves treated with primary valve ablation and observation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We believe that primary valve ablation with observation is the preferred management for posterior urethral valves. However, debate continues as to the role of high diversion. We examined the long-term outcome of a large series of patients treated with primary valve ablation, and compared it to the outcome of high diversion and vesicostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 100 patients treated with primary valve ablation (74%), vesicostomy (13%) or high diversion (9%) before 1985. Median followup was 11.2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 13% of our patients had end stage renal disease by age 15 years. Three patients initially treated with valve ablation and 3 initially treated with vesicostomy later underwent high diversion but none benefited from the secondary procedure. Four patients initially treated with valve ablation subsequently underwent vesicostomy but only 1 benefited. Bladder storage capacity was well preserved. Diurnal urinary continence developed in 46% of patients at age 10 years and only 1 remained incontinent after age 20 years. One patient with diversion who awaits transplantation had a small contracted bladder. Recent urodynamic studies in 10 cases of delayed urinary continence have not shown decreased bladder compliance or capacity. Kaplan-Meier analysis of outcomes of the different treatments indicated no statistical difference in patient age at end stage renal disease development. However, comparing the number of surgical procedures in the different treatment groups revealed a significant increase in the amount of surgery in infants with diversion. Our results were equivalent to those of the best published series, many of which strongly advocate high diversion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By avoiding diversion in most cases bladder function is preserved and the need for bladder augmentation is decreased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Canning
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Duckett
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D014563:Urodynamics