Characterization of two novel YY1 binding sites in the polyomavirus late promoter.
NF-D is a ubiquitous nuclear factor that has been shown to bind specifically to a DNA element in the polyomavirus regulatory region. In this report, we demonstrate that NF-D is either identical or very similar to a transcription factor that has been variously named YY1, delta, NF-E1, UCRBP, or CF1. Moreover, we show the presence in the polyomavirus genome of a second DNA motif, located 40 bp from the first, which binds YY1/NF-D with high affinity. Both sites lie downstream of the major late transcription initiation sites. By site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that both elements contribute positively to the activity of the late promoter, probably by a cooperative mechanism. We also demonstrate that the requirement of the YY1/NF-D function for late promoter activity varies with the cell line.
Martelli
F
F
Istituto Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
Iacobini
C
C
Caruso
M
M
Felsani
A
A
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011120:Polyomavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor
D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor; C494698:YY1 protein, human; C494699:Yy1 protein, mouse