title: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, its receptor, and other angiogenic factors in human breast cancer.
abstract: Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. In this study, we examined gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); its receptor, flt-1; basic fibroblast growth factor; and transforming growth factors (TGFs) alpha and beta in 18 paired cases of human breast carcinomas and the adjacent nonneoplastic tissues. In all of the paired cases, VEGF expression was markedly increased in the carcinomas. In contrast, an insignificant difference was observed in the expression of flt-1, basic fibroblast growth factor, TGF-alpha, and TGF-beta between the malignant breast tissue and the nonneoplastic counterpart. Immunostaining showed variable VEGF positivity of the malignant cells, whereas the nonneoplastic breast epithelial cells were negative. The findings of this study suggest that VEGF is an important angiogenic factor in human breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Tumor Biology and Carcinogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshiji
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: U P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Thorgeirsson
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor