title: Characterization of antinociception to opioid receptor selective agonists after antisense oligodeoxynucleotide-mediated "knock-down" of opioid receptor in vivo.
abstract: Pharmacological studies in vivo and in vitro have suggested the existence of subtypes of the delta opioid receptor termed delta1 and delta2 (delta1 and delta2). The hypothesis of subtypes of delta receptors was further explored by assessing the effects of administration of antisense or mismatch oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) in vivo to the cloned DOR, or to a conserved region of the cloned opioid receptors, on the antinociceptive responses elicited by selective mu, ku and delta opioid receptor agonists in mice. Additionally, the density of opioid delta receptors in brain after delta opioid receptor (DOR) ODN treatment was investigated. Repeated twice daily intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of DOR antisense, but not mismatch, ODN, produced a dose- and time-related blockade of i.c.v. [D-Ala2, Glu4]deltorphin (delta2 agonist), but not [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (delta1 agonist), antinociception. The antinociceptive responses to selective mu and kappa opioid agonists were unaffected by DOR antisense or mismatch ODN treatments. The antinociceptive effect of an A90 dose of [D-Ala2, Glu4]deltorphin was significantly reduced by the third day of DOR antisense ODN administration and persisted over a treatment period of 6 days with recovery by the third posttreatment day. Saturation studies in mouse whole brain preparations with the selective delta-radioligand [3H]naltrindole showed that DOR antisense, but not mismatch, ODN treatment produced a significant time-related reduction in Bmax values of approximately 30 to 40% by day 6, without changing the Kd value. The reduction in DOR density was reversible and returned to control levels within 3 days after cessation of antisense ODN treatment. The i.c.v. administration of an antisense, but not mismatch, ODN directed to a conserved region of the cloned opioid receptors, termed common opioid receptor antisense ODN, inhibited the antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. mu, kappa and delta agonists, including [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin. These data further support the hypothesis of subtypes of opioid delta receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bilsky
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Hruby
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Porreca
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D020881:Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004745:Enkephalins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D009842:Oligopeptides; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; C060209:deltorphin II, Ala(2)-; D020881:Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins