title: The Melbourne Family Grief Study, II: Psychosocial morbidity and grief in bereaved families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the intensity of grief, the psychosocial morbidity, and the coping patterns in members of families classified according to a typology of family functioning comprising supportive, conflict-resolving, intermediate, sullen, and hostile classes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifteen families were assessed longitudinally 6 weeks (time 1), 6 months (time 2), and 13 months (time 3) after the death of a parent (constituting 670 individual responses) on measures of grief intensity, psychological state, social adjustment, and family coping. A previously described typology of perceptions of family functioning was applied. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance based on both individuals and families and post hoc comparisons of significant results were undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sullen families displayed the most intense grief and the most severe psychosocial morbidity. Well-functioning families (supportive and conflict-resolving) resolved their grief and adjusted more adaptively than their dysfunctional counterparts (intermediate, sullen, and hostile families). There were no cluster-by-time interactions. The clusters accounted for 15.7% of the variance in depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and 27.9% of the variance in social functioning (Social Adjustment Scale). Well-functioning families used more family coping strategies (Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More intense grief and greater psychosocial morbidity are found in sullen, hostile, and intermediate bereaved families than in the more adaptive supportive and conflict-resolving types. At-risk families are identifiable and could be treated preventively to reduce morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Australia.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kissane
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Onghena
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dowe
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000145:classification; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001315:Australia; D001601:Bereavement; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012917:Social Adjustment