title: Histochemical analysis of dental hard tissues following bleaching.
abstract: The effect of commonly used bleaching materials on the dental hard tissues was tested in extracted human premolars. In each tooth, the apical two-thirds of the root was removed, and the remaining tooth stump was cut longitudinally into two equal segments. The segments were cleaned, dried, and divided into six experimental groups. Each group was treated with one of the following bleaching materials: 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 10% carbamide peroxide (CP), sodium perborate (SP), Nu-Smile (NS), Opalescence (Op), and DentlBright (DB). Treatment consisted of immersing the specimens in the respective test material followed by incubation at 37 degrees C for 7 days. The levels of calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and potassium were measured in the enamel, dentin, and cementum. In the enamel, a significant reduction in the calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio was found following treatment with HP. In the dentin, a significant reduction in Ca/P ratio was found following treatment with HP,CP, DB, and Op. In the cementum, a significant reduction in the Ca/P ratio was found following treatment with HP, CP, NS, and Op. Changes in sulfur and potassium levels also occurred, but were usually not statistically significant. Significant reduction in sulfur levels occurred only in the cementum following treatment with CP and SP. Sulfur levels increased significantly following treatment with NS. Significant reduction in potassium levels occurred only in the dentin following treatment with CP. It is concluded that bleaching materials may adversely affect the dental hard tissues and should be used with caution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rotstein
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dankner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heling
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stabholz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zalkind
mesh_terms: D001881:Borates / Q000633:toxicity; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010545:Peroxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000633:toxicity; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010545:Peroxides; D011145:Polyvinyls; C093177:tooth-bleaching agent, Opalescence; D010758:Phosphorus; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D013455:Sulfur; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium; C027707:sodium perborate