title: cDNA cloning and characterization of murine transcriptional enhancer factor-1-related protein 1, a transcription factor that binds to the M-CAT motif.
abstract: The M-CAT motif is a cis-regulatory DNA sequence that is essential for muscle-specific transcription of several genes. Previously, we had shown that both muscle-specific (A1) and ubiquitous (A2) factors bind to an essential M-CAT motif in the myosin heavy chain beta gene and that the ubiquitous factor is transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF)-1. Here we report the isolation of mouse cDNAs encoding two forms (a and b) of a TEF-1-related protein, TEFR1. The TEFR1a cDNA encodes a 427-amino acid protein. The coding region of TEFR1b is identical to 1a in both nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence except for the absence of 43 amino acids downstream of the TEA DNA-binding domain. Three TEFR1 transcripts (approximately 7, approximately 3.5, and approximately 2 kilobase pairs) are enriched in differentiated skeletal muscle (myotubes) relative to undifferentiated skeletal muscle (myoblasts) and non-muscle cells in culture. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that TEFR1 transcripts are enriched in the skeletal muscle lineage during mouse embryogenesis. Transient expression of fusion proteins of TEFR1 and the yeast GAL4 DNA-binding domain in cell lines activated the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter constructs containing GAL4 binding sites, indicating that TEFR1 contains an activation domain. An anti-TEFR1 polyclonal antibody supershifted the muscle-specific M-CAT.A1 factor complex in gel mobility shift assays, suggesting that TEFR1 is a major component of this complex. Our results suggest that TEFR1 might play a role in the embryonic development of skeletal muscle in the mouse.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Division, Beth Israel Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Yockey
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izumo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009928:Organ Specificity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D000091262:TEA Domain Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000091262:TEA Domain Transcription Factors; C057182:TEAD1 protein, human; C486309:TEAD4 protein, human; C100498:TEFR1 protein, isoform b, mouse; C101204:Tead4 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains