title: Effect of linoleic acid intake on growth of infants with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: Essential fatty acid deficiency as a result of inadequate linoleic acid impairs growth in healthy infants and is common in infants with malabsorption due to cystic fibrosis (CF). We investigated the effect of dietary linoleic acid intake on the growth of infants with CF. In this study, predigested formula preparations A and B, with linoleic acid contents of 12% and 7% of energy, respectively, were fed before and after 1989 to infants enrolled in the evaluation and treatment protocol of the Wisconsin CF Neonatal Screening Project. Outcome was assessed from height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) Z scores on follow-up exams during the first year. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between groups A (n = 43) and B (n = 33). At diagnosis, 53% of the enrolled infants (n = 76) showed low plasma linoleic acid concentrations and 22% had a high ratio of triene to tetraene. After correcting for the effect of potentially confounding variables, we found that HAZ (by .27, P < 0.05) and WAZ (by 0.26, P = 0.081) were higher in group A than in group B. This occurred despite a significantly higher energy intake in group B. This difference was most pronounced between 6 and 9 mo of age. Our results suggest that a high linoleic acid content in formula benefits infants with CF because it optimizes nutrition, growth, and feeding efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Clinical Science Center, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: van Egmond
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kosorok
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koscik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laxova
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Farrell
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects*; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D019787:Linoleic Acid