title: A longitudinal evaluation of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in children: role of baseline lung function, gender, and change in atopic status.
abstract: A longitudinal study was done to evaluate the determinants of bronchial responsiveness (BR) to methacholine in children and adolescents. A cohort of 892 7- to 11-yr-old schoolchildren was restudied after a 3.5-yr interval. The same protocol for methacholine challenge (up to 64.0 mg/ml) and skin prick testing was employed at both the baseline survey and follow-up. An overall decline in the level of BR was observed, the geometric mean slope (percent decline in FEV1 per mg/ml of methacholine) decreasing from 0.68 (95% CI=0.61 to 0.75) to 0.51 (95% CI=0.46 to 0.57) (p<0.001). At both surveys, the strongest determinants of slope were baseline pulmonary function level (FEF25-75) and degree of atopic status. After adjusting for log FEF25-75, no gender difference was found in the first survey, whereas girls had greater BR than boys at follow-up. Longitudinal changes in skin prick test reactivity were associated with the BR level. Subjects in whom an initially positive skin prick test became negative (5.3%) had an increased slope at baseline but a follow-up slope similar to that of never skin-reactors. Conversely, those whose skin prick test converted from negative to positive (13.0%) had a slope similar to that of never-reactors at baseline but became stronger responders to methacholine than never-reactors at follow-up. Finally, responsiveness was highest in the presence of persistently positive skin prick testing (13.5%). In conclusion, BR declines from childhood to adolescence, paralleling the increase in lung function during this period; the decline is less pronounced in females. Changes in atopic status are associated with modifications in the BR level.
authors.affiliation: Latium Epidemiologic Unit, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forastiere
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Corbo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dell'Orco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pistelli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agabiti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kriebel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008450:Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012882:Skin Tests; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D016210:Methacholine Chloride