title: Dose-response study of intrathecal morphine versus intrathecal neostigmine, their combination, or placebo for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing anterior and posterior vaginoplasty.
abstract: This study was designed to examine postoperative analgesia with intrathecal neostigmine in a randomized, blinded trial with morphine as the active control in patients undergoing anterior and posterior vaginoplasty. A secondary aim was to provide preliminary data on the interaction between these two drugs. The incidence of adverse effects was also assessed. Forty-eight patients were divided into eight groups (50 micrograms, 100 micrograms, and 200 micrograms morphine [M]; saline; 50 micrograms, 100 micrograms, and 200 micrograms neostigmine [N]; and 50 micrograms morphine + 50 micrograms neostigmine). Anesthesia was provided with a balanced technique. All patients stayed 24 h in the recovery room where adequacy of postoperative analgesia and side effects were assessed. Increasing doses of intrathecal morphine (50 micrograms, 100 micrograms, and 200 micrograms) and intrathecal neostigmine (50 micrograms, 100 micrograms, and 200 micrograms) showed a dose-dependent pattern of analgesia (P < 0.001). The M50 + N50 combination resulted in a better analgesic effect with fewer side effects than M50, N50, and control groups. These preliminary data suggest that spinal neostigmine produces analgesia for vaginoplasty surgery similar in duration to spinal morphine and that the combination of morphine and neostigmine may allow a reduction in the dose of each component for postoperative analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital das Clńicas-Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lauretti
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Klamt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004737:Enflurane; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010919:Placebos; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D010919:Placebos; D009388:Neostigmine; D009020:Morphine; D004737:Enflurane