title: Human aorta: preliminary results with virtual endoscopy based on three-dimensional MR imaging data sets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data sets to perform virtual intraarterial endoscopy (VIE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven female and 14 male patients (aged 9-86 years [mean, 42 years]) with various pathologic aortic conditions underwent three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging. With prototype software, VIE postprocessing algorithms (based on ray casting) were applied to the imaging data sets. Findings at conventional angiography were used as the standards of reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vessel wall was seen from the inside in each case, and the following pathologic conditions were depicted clearly: the two lumina in a congenial double aortic arch and the single lumen after correction, vessel narrowing in coarctations, characteristics of Leriche syndrome, stenoses, occlusions, and the true and false lumina of dissections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limitations of VIE include the image quality of the original data set, the threshold chosen to minimize intraluminal artifacts, and the inherent smoothing of vessel walls.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ladd
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Romanowski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wildermuth
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Knoplioch
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Debatin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D017546:Angioscopy / Q000379:methods*; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology*; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000473:pathology*; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine; D009942:Organometallic Compounds
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008536:Meglumine; C072417:gadoterate meglumine