title: Emergency echocardiography telemedicine: an efficient method to provide 24-hour consultative echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to assess the clinical utility of interpreting emergency echocardiograms after regular working hours through a telemedicine connection to on-call cardiologists.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Physician interpretation of emergency echocardiograms is often delayed during weekends, evenings or night hours. This delay places undue responsibility on less qualified personnel to interpret echocardiograms of vital importance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital quad-screen cine-loop format was transmitted over standard telephone lines. Clinical data and conventional and telemedicine interpretations were collected prospectively for 187 emergent or semiemergent tele-echocardiograms after regular working hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indications for the echocardiogram included assessment of left ventricular function, ischemia, pericardial effusion, valvular disease, heart donor status and arrhythmia. Three off-site echocardiographers received the standard echocardiogram and spectral, gray-scale and color flow Doppler images in cineloop format using a laptop computer. Laptop interpretation showed 19 technically limited studied, 153 abnormal studies and 54% with wall motion abnormalities. Overall mean agreement rate between telemedicine laptop interpretation and conventional workstation interpretation performed in blinded manner for serious disorders with classic echocardiographic findings (pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular thrombus, aortic dissection, severe valvular insufficiency and large pericardial effusion) was 99.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 96% to 99%). For serious wall motion abnormalities, the agreement rate was 96.3% (95% CI 92% to 99%). The following mean times elapsed after completion of the echocardiogram: to laptop fax report, 2.14 (range 10 min to 8 h); to dictation of videotape, 11.74 h (p < 0.001); to transcription of videotape diction, 56.6 h (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After-hours emergency echocardiography telemedicine using a laptop computer is more rapid than scheduled conventional interpretation from a videotape workstation, yet diagnostic accuracy is comparable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Methodist Hospital of Indiana, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Trippi
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kovacs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D019114:Remote Consultation; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging