title: "I hope I don't have cancer": colposcopy and minority women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine what women scheduled for colposcopy knew about the procedure and to understand their concerns about the test and its implications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, exploratory, qualitative.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women scheduled for colposcopy in a three-month period (n = 29) in an inner-city academic center in the northeast United States. The sample consisted of African American (66%), Hispanic (31%), and white (3%) women ranging in age from 17-59 years (x = 39 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were interviewed on the telephone or in person and were asked seven open-ended questions about why they were referred and what they expected would happen at the appointment. Interviews were content analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four themes common to the women's responses emerged from the interview data: fear about their health, apprehension about the colposcopy, uncertainty about the meaning of the Pap test, and pervasive lack of knowledge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that women in this study scheduled for colposcopy had little factual information about the test or its implications, were anxious about the appointment, and wanted more complete information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses cannot assume that women understand the reasons for their referral for colposcopy or the implications of the test. These study results imply that lengthened appointment time might be required to provide appropriate education and help alleviate women's anxiety. Future nursing research should examine the effect of anticipatory counselling and education for this group of women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomaino-Brunner
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Freda
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Runowicz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009511:New England; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000451:nursing / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000523:psychology*