title: The safety effects of child-resistant packaging for oral prescription drugs. Two decades of experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of child-resistant packaging in reducing the mortality rate for children younger than 5 years from the unintentional ingestion of oral prescription drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Annual mortality rates for children younger than 5 years associated with the unintentional ingestion of oral prescription drugs are constructed for 1964 through 1992. The effect of child-resistant packaging on the child mortality rate during the postintervention period (1974 through 1992) is evaluated with a multivariate time series regression model. The analysis controls for changes in the consumption of oral prescription drugs over time and for long-term safety trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children younger than 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimated reductions in the child mortality rate associated with the use of child-resistant packaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for covariates, the use of child-resistant packaging was associated with an annual reduction in the oral prescription drug-related mortality rate of 1.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.95) deaths per million children younger than 5 years. This suggests a reduction of about 460 child deaths from 1974, the year oral prescription drugs became subject to child-resistant packaging requirements, through 1992-a mortality rate reduction of about 45% from levels projected without the child-resistant requirements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Child-resistant packaging reduces child mortality from the unintentional ingestion of oral prescription drugs.
authors.affiliation: Directorate for Economic Analysis, US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207, USA.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004349:Drug Packaging; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012449:Safety; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology