title: A pharmacoeconomic model of divalproex vs. lithium in the acute and prophylactic treatment of bipolar I disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Divalproex and lithium are the two most rigorously studied pharmacologic treatments for acute mania in bipolar I disorder in randomized, controlled trials. The differences between the drugs in their time course of onset, predictors of response, and side effects have potentially important pharmacoeconomic implications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utilizing data from published studies, the University of Cincinnati Mania Project, and a consensus panel of psychiatrists, we developed a decision-analytic model to estimate the costs of treating patients with bipolar I disorder, acutely and prophylactically, for 1 year with divalproex or lithium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the overall group of patients with bipolar I disorder, initial treatment with divalproex led to costs that were 9% lower than costs for initial treatment with lithium. Cost savings associated with divalproex were greatest for patients with mixed mania and rapid cycling, whereas cost savings for patients with classic mania were greater for lithium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the decision-analytic model developed in this study, divalproex, possibly because of a more rapid rate of antimanic activity associated with oral loading, is a less costly treatment than lithium in the acute and prophylactic treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder over 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0559, USA.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nabulsi
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Henke
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chmiel
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016527:Drug Costs; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014635:Valproic Acid; D008094:Lithium