title: Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-62 inhibits adrenal medullary chromaffin cell functions independent of its action on the kinase.
abstract: KN-62, an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II), inhibited significantly catecholamine secretion and tyrosine hydroxylase activity stimulated by acetylcholine in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. KN-62, however, showed an additional inhibitory effect on acetylcholine-induced 45Ca2+ influx, which is essential for functional responses. Carbachol-stimulated 22Na+ influx, veratridine-induced 22Na+ influx, and 56 mM K(+)-evoked 45Ca2+ influx were also attenuated by KN-62. Inhibitions by KN-62 of these ion influxes were correlated closely with those of catecholamine secretion. KN-04, which is a structural analogue of KN-62 but does not inhibit CaM kinase II activity, elicited inhibitory effects on the three kinds of stimulant-evoked ion influxes with an inhibitory potency similar to KN-62. These results suggest that KN-62 inhibits catecholamine secretion and tyrosine hydroxylase activation due to mainly its ion channel blockade on the plasma membrane rather than the inhibition of CaM kinase II activity in the cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Izumi
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000293:Adolescent; D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002838:Chromaffin System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007473:Ion Channels; D007546:Isoquinolines; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D010879:Piperazines; C065344:KN 04; C063302:KN 62; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D002217:Carbachol; D012964:Sodium; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium