title: Vitamin E and vitamin E-quinone levels in red blood cells and plasma of newborn infants and their mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin E is a physiological antioxidant and protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. This study has determined whether vitamin E level in RBC of newborns has any relationship with its level in their mothers. We have also examined levels of vitamin E and vitamin E-quinone, an oxidized product of vitamin E, in paired samples of red blood cells (RBC) and plasma of newborns and their mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was collected from 26 mothers and their full-term placental cords at delivery. Vitamin E and vitamin E-quinone levels were determined in RBC and plasma by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Newborn-plasma had significantly lower vitamin E levels compared with maternal-plasma both when expressed as nmole/ml (5.5+/-0.4 vs 26.1+/-1.1, p = 0.0001) or nmole/mumole total lipids (1.9+/-0.1 vs 2.6+/-0.1, p = 0.0001). Vitamin E level in the newborn-RBC was similar to that of maternal-RBC when expressed as nmole/ml packed cells (2.77+/-0.14 vs 2.95+/-0.13), but was significantly lower when expressed as nmole/mumole total lipids (0.56+/-0.03 vs 0.64+/-0.04, p = 0.03) from that of maternal-RBC. Vitamin E-quinone levels are significantly elevated in newborns compared with their mothers both in RBC (29.4+/-2.1 vs 24.1+/-1.2, p = 0.04) and plasma (39.9+/-5.3 vs 25.3+/-4.2, p = 0.006) when expressed as nmole/mmole total lipids but not when expressed as nmole/ml. There was a significant correlation of vitamin E between newborn-plasma and newborn-RBC (r = 0.65, p = 0.0002 for nmole per ml packed RBC;r = 0.63, p = 0.0007 for nmole per mumole total lipids). The relationship between maternal plasma and newborn plasma was significant when vitamin E was normalized with nmole/mumole total lipid (r = 0.54, p = 0.007 but not when expressed as nmole/ml (r = 0.09, p = 0.64). However, vitamin E in the RBC of maternal and newborn had significant correlation when expressed as per ml packed cells (r = 0.61, p = 0.001) and per total lipid (r = 0.46, p = 0.02). There was no relationship of vitamin E-quinone levels between RBC and plasma of newborns and their mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated blood levels of vitamin E-quinone suggest increased oxidative stress and utilization of vitamin E in newborns compared to their mothers. Because vitamin E levels in RBC of newborns are lower and significantly related to vitamin E levels in RBC of their mothers, an increase in vitamin E supplementation to mothers during pregnancy may increase vitamin E levels in the newborn and help impede the effect of extrauterine oxygen toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport 71130, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bocchini
mesh_terms: D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; C002421:tocopherylquinone