title: Epirubicin-Lipiodol chemotherapy versus 131iodine-Lipiodol radiotherapy in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arterially administered iodized oil (Lipiodol) is selectively retained by hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and has been used as a vehicle for delivery of therapeutic agents to these tumors. This study compared the efficacy of Lipiodol-targeted epirubicin chemotherapy with Lipiodol-131I radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five patients with unresectable HCC confined to the liver were administered either Lipiodol-epirubicin emulsion (n = 69; 61 cirrhotics; Okuda tumor Stage I, 14; II, 37; III, 18; epirubicin dose, 75 mg/m2) or Lipiodol-131I (131I) (n = 26; 18 cirrhotics; Okuda tumor Stage I, 6; II, 19; III, 1; dose 750-1050 MBq). The last 28 patients (17 epirubicin, 11 131I) were treated within a prospective randomized trial. Bolus drug or isotope was injected into the hepatic artery by transfemoral cannulation. Lipiodol and 131I uptake were gauged by 10th day computed tomography and 48-hour scintiscan. Treatments were repeated two-monthly when indicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor size at 2 months remained static or diminished partially in 21 of 38 epirubicin recipients (55%) and 15/22 131I recipients (68%). Actuarial survival at 6, 12, and 24 months was 40%, 25%, and 6% with epirubicin, and 58%, 25%, and 0% with 131I; 30-day mortality was 11% and 15%, respectively. Comparison with historic controls indicated survival benefit in Stages I and II. Similar findings were recorded in the 28 patients in the randomized trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with unresectable HCC receiving Lipiodol-epirubicin or Lipiodol-131I show good tumor localization, acceptable toxicity, and comparable survival benefit at 6 and 12 months with either modality.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, England.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Novell
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dusheiko
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hilson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hobbs
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D003287:Contrast Media; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D003287:Contrast Media; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D015251:Epirubicin; D007459:Iodized Oil