title: Safety of nicotine polacrilex gum used by 3,094 participants in the Lung Health Study. Lung Health Study Research Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess cardiovascular conditions and other side effects associated with the use of nicotine polacrilex (NP), 2 mg.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentered randomized control trial of early intervention for the prevention of COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten university medical centers in the United States and Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult smoking volunteers with evidence of early COPD; 3,923 in intervention and 1,964 controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smoking cessation program, including NP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on hospitalizations were collected annually. Data on reported NP side effects were collected at 4-month intervals for intervention participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of hospitalization for cardiovascular conditions and cardiovascular deaths during the 5 years of the study were not related to use of NP, to dose of NP, or to concomitant use of NP and cigarettes. About 25% of NP users reported at least one side effect, but most were very minor and transient. Side effects associated with discontinuance of NP in 5% or more of users included headache, indigestion, mouth irritation, mouth ulcers, and nausea. There was no evidence that concomitant use of NP and cigarettes was associated with elevated rates of reported side effects. Participants in the smoking cessation intervention who received intensive levels of instruction and monitoring of NP use (initially at 12 meetings during 3 months) appeared to report significantly lower rates of side effects (dizziness, headache, and throat irritation) than control participants, presumed to have less instruction and monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NP, as used in the Lung Health Study, appears to be safe and unrelated to any cardiovascular illnesses or other serous side effects.
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bjornson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurnow
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Connett
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nides
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kiley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D002638:Chewing Gum / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D002638:Chewing Gum; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011145:Polyvinyls; D009538:Nicotine; D009241:Ipratropium