title: Effects of long-term treatment with corticosteroids in COPD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of treatment with corticosteroids in patients with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we investigated the effect of a 2-year treatment with corticosteroids on clinical symptoms and the decline of lung function in 58 nonallergic patients with COPD. Subjects were treated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel way with inhaled budesonide (bud), 1,600 micrograms/d; inhaled budesonide, 1,600 micrograms/d, plus oral prednisolone, 5 micrograms/d (bud + pred); or placebo (plac). Clinical assessment (history, physical examination, and spirometry) was carried out every 2 months. The rate of decline in FEV1 was assessed by calculating individual regression co-efficients from linear regression of FEV1 on time for each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients dropped out. The number of withdrawals due to pulmonary problems was significantly higher in the plac group (n = 5 out of 18) than in the actively treated groups (n = 2 out of 40). Treatment with corticosteroids significantly reduced pulmonary symptoms. Median decline of FEV1 was 60 mL/yr in the plac group, 40 mL/yr in the bud + pred group, and 30 mL/yr in the bud group. Variation was large and differences were not statistically significant. No treatment effect was found on frequency or duration of exacerbations, possibly because of the high number of withdrawals due to pulmonary deterioration in the plac group. Treatment with a combination of inhaled plus oral corticosteroids was not more effective than inhaled corticosteroids alone. Morning plasma cortisol levels remained within the normal range in all three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows beneficial effects of long-term daily treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COPD with regard to symptoms and drop out due to pulmonary problems. Lung function decline tends to decrease during treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. The observed effects are limited but warrant further studies on the effectiveness of corticosteroids in larger numbers of patients with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Renkema
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Koëter
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Postma
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D019819:Budesonide; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011282:Pregnenediones / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011282:Pregnenediones; D019819:Budesonide; D011239:Prednisolone