title: Cytokine knockout mice: possible application in toxicological research.
abstract: Knockout mice obtained by homologous recombination technology may be valuable tools for in vivo investigations in toxico-pathogenesis. A short review of the phenotype of mice with distinct cytokine deletions, which occur either naturally or are obtained by homologous recombination, is given. The possible application in pharmacological and toxicological research is discussed with examples of endotoxic shock, hepatic, renal and haematological toxicity. Further applications include a wide variety of cutaneous, pulmonary, vascular, infectious and autoimmune pathology.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ryffel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines