title: Hormonal treatment for bleeding irregularities in Norplant implant users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to evaluate whether prolonged or irregular bleeding during Norplant implant use could be alleviated with the use of oral hormonal medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty users of the Norplant levonorgestrel contraceptive implant with prolonged or frequent bleeding were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, comparative study and assigned to one of three treatment groups for 20 days: ethinyl estradiol 50 microg, an oral contraceptive (50 microg ethinyl estradiol and 250 microg levonogestrel), and placebo. Total days of bleeding during treatment and length of the bleeding-free interval were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women treated with the levonorgestrel-ethinyl estradiol pill bled an average of 2.6 days during treatment compared with 5.4 and 12.3 days in the ethinyl estradiol and placebo groups, respectively. Differences between both hormonal groups and placebo were significant (p <0.00001); moreover, the combined pill was more effective than ethinyl estradiol along (p <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined pill proved to be an excellent palliative treatment and is a more practical approach because of availability at all clinic sites.
authors.affiliation: Profamilia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Sanchez
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brache
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thevenin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cochon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faundes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004343:Drug Implants; D045166:Estradiol Congeners / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D004343:Drug Implants; D045166:Estradiol Congeners; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel