title: Beta-core fragment (beta-core/UGF/UGP), a tumor marker: a 7-year report.
abstract: In 1988 we published three papers describing immunoassay results for urine beta-core fragment as a marker of gynecological cancers. Many other papers have been published since, and three commercial immunoassays have been established. beta-Core fragment is called beta-core, UGF, or UGP by different commercial vendors. To avoid confusion we call it beta-core/UGF/UGP here. In this 7-year report, we compare the three commercial assays, establish cutoff limits, and use the Ciba-Corning kit for two large studies. The first was a retrospective study, measuring beta-core/UGF/UGP in gynecological cancer and control urines accumulated in our freezers (n = 486). The second is a first prospective study, testing over a 16-month period beta-core/UGF/UGP levels in urines of all new patients attending the Gynecology Oncology Clinic (n = 548). In the retrospective study, elevated beta-core/UGF/UGP levels ( > 1.9 ng/ml) were detected in 11% of urines from healthy individuals (n = 132), in 11% from women with benign gynecological disease (n = 196), in 44% from cervical cancer (n = 68), 56% from ovarian cancer (n = 54), and 47% from endometrial cancer (n = 38). Altogether, beta-core/UGF/UGP levels were elevated in 50% of 170 samples from gynecological cancers. Overall, sensitivity increased with advancing stage of malignancy. Sensitivity was 28% for stage I, 50% for stage II, 47% for stage III, and 68% for stage IV malignancies. In the prospective study very similar results were recorded. Elevated beta-core/UGF/UGP levels ( > 1.9 ng/ml) were detected in 11% of urines from healthy individuals (n = 99), 11% from individuals with benign gynecological disease (n = 196), 7% from women with carcinoma in situ (n = 28), in 42% of samples from cervical cancer (n = 69), 56% from ovarian cancer (n = 59), and 52% from endometrial cancer. Altogether, beta-core/UGF/UGP levels were elevated in 48% of 225 gynecological cancer samples. Overall, sensitivity increased with advancing stage of malignancy. Sensitivity was 29% for stage I, 66% for stage II, 60% for stage III, and 77% for stage IV malignancies. In both studies sensitivity for beta-core/UGF/UGP increased with advancing stage of disease. Sensitivity for cervical and endometrial cancers was slightly lower than that for ovarian malignancies. This difference may be due to the preponderance of advanced-stage-disease patients in the ovarian cancer group. beta-Core/UGF/UGP may be a general stage-dependent marker for all gynecological cancers. The same false-positive results and very similar sensitivity values were found in a retrospective and a prospective study. They confirm each other, and suggest a definitive false-positive rate and sensitivity of this tumor marker for gynecological cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000652:urine; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000652:urine*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D014758:Viral Core Proteins