title: The alpha-isoform of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein is required for mediating cAMP responsiveness of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter in hepatoma cells.
abstract: The gene coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) is expressed in all gluconeogenic tissues, but stimulation of its rate of transcription by cAMP is robust only in liver. Evidence has accumulated which suggests that a liver-enriched transcription factor, likely a member of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family, is required along with other ubiquitously expressed transcription factors to mediate this liver-specific response to cAMP. In this study, we examined the ability of C/EBP to participate in the cAMP-mediated activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene transcription in hepatoma cells. Expression of a dominant repressor of C/EBP in hepatoma cells significantly inhibited the protein kinase A-stimulated transcription of the PEPCK promoter, suggesting that a C/EBP family member was required for maximal transcriptional activation by protein kinase A. To provide additional support for this hypothesis, we prepared GAL4 fusion proteins containing C/EBP domains. Both C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta GAL4 fusion proteins were capable of stimulating transcription from promoters containing binding sites for the DNA-binding domain of GAL4. However, only the GAL4-C/EBPalpha fusion protein demonstrated the ability to synergize with the other transcription factors bound to the PEPCK promoter which are required to mediate cAMP responsiveness. The DNA-binding domain of C/EBPalpha was not required for this activity in hepatoma cells, although in non-hepatoma cells the basic region leucine zipper domain appeared to inhibit the ability of C/EBPalpha to participate in mediating cAMP responsiveness. These results suggest that the liver-specific nature of the cAMP responsiveness of the PEPCK promoter involves the recruitment of C/EBPalpha to the cAMP response unit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Roesler
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Crosson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vinson
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McFie
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D051790:G-Box Binding Factors; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D019764:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP); D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051790:G-Box Binding Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP); D019764:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)