title: Shedding of the lymphocyte L-selectin adhesion molecule is inhibited by a hydroxamic acid-based protease inhibitor. Identification with an L-selectin-alkaline phosphatase reporter.
abstract: Expression of the L-selectin adhesion molecule can be rapidly down-modulated by regulated proteolysis at a membrane-proximal site. The L-selectin secretase has remained undefined, and the secretase activity is resistant to a broad panel of common protease inhibitors. We have developed an L-selectin-alkaline phosphatase reporter, consisting of the ectodomain of human placental alkaline phosphatase fused to the membrane-proximal cleavage, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains of L-selectin, to aid in the screening for L-selectin secretase inhibitors. A hydroxamic acid-based metalloprotease inhibitor, KD-IX-73-4, inhibited release of the L-selectin-alkaline phosphatase reporter in a dose-dependent manner. The hydroxamic acid-based peptide was also found to inhibit wild type L-selectin down-regulation from the surfaces of phorbol myristate acetate-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphoblasts. Analysis of the proteolytic cleavage fragments of L-selectin confirmed that KD-IX-73-4 inhibited L-selectin proteolysis. Lymphocyte L-selectin was not down-regulated when co-cultured with formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine-stimulated neutrophils, suggesting that the putative secretase acts in cis with the membrane-bound L-selectin. These results suggest that the L-selectin secretase activity may involve a cell surface, zinc-dependent metalloprotease, although L-selectin shedding is not affected by EDTA and may be related to the recently described activity involved in processing of membrane-bound TNF-alpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunological Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feehan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Darlak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Walcheck
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Spatola
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D019041:L-Selectin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase