title: Clonal analysis by polymerase chain reaction of B-cell lymphoma with late relapse: a report of five cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the clonal heterogeneity of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma between presentation and relapse, although several such reports have been published on acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined five patients with B-cell lymphoma who relapsed more than 5 years after initial presentation. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues were analyzed for clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the PCR products. Four specimens retained the original histologic type, but one showed histologic transformation from diffuse large cell lymphoma to follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the size of the PCR products looked identical on the gel between presentation and relapse in all patients, only three of the four specimens that retained the original type had identical gene rearrangements at both presentation and relapse. One of these four and the fifth specimen showed novel gene rearrangements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that late relapse lymphoma may present as a new clone. Sequencing of the PCR products is important in the evaluation of clonal heterogeneity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishiuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akagi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D017260:Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D017931:DNA Primers; D017260:Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell