title: Assessment of wall structure and composition of varicose veins with reference to collagen, elastin and smooth muscle content.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare collagen, elastin and smooth muscle contents of varicose and control long saphenous veins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collagen, elastin and muscle were estimated stereologically using random sampling and histological staining.
  
  
  METHODS
  Varicose vein samples were collected from nine patients (mean age 52 years, range 34-64 years) undergoing vein stripping, sample sites being saphenofemoral junction and knee. Control samples were taken from five patients (mean age 58 years, range 38-76 years) presenting for femoral-popliteal bypass at equivalent levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Veins were fixed, sectioned transversely, and stained with Picric Acid Sirius Red. Analysis of samples was performed using point and intersection counting on vertically projected images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using two way analysis of variance tests, varicose saphenous veins had significantly larger wall areas (p < 0.01) and higher amounts of collagen (p < 0.01). Collagen content and wall area were significantly larger proximally compared to distally in both control and varicose veins (p < 0.05) with a higher content of smooth muscle and elastin in varicose veins proximally compared to distally (p < 0.05). There was no difference in wall thickness or elastin content between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests that varicose veins are a dynamic response to venous hypertension and are not thin walled structures as previously thought.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Morphology, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, U.K.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Travers
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Brookes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Makin
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mayhew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D004549:Elastin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D004549:Elastin