title: Phosphatidic acid generation through interleukin 2 (IL-2)-induced alpha-diacylglycerol kinase activation is an essential step in IL-2-mediated lymphocyte proliferation.
abstract: Proliferation of T lymphocytes is triggered by the interaction of interleukin 2 (IL-2) with its high affinity specific receptor that is expressed on the cell surface following T lymphocyte activation. Significant advances have recently been made in identifying the multiple signals that follow IL-2 receptor occupancy, although the exact mechanism responsible for IL-2-induced proliferation remains an enigma. It has been shown previously that unique species of phosphatidic acid are rapidly produced in vivo following IL-2 binding. It was then suggested that, in contrast to other eukaryotic growth factor systems, phosphatidic acid was at least in part generated through IL-2-induced diacylglycerol (DG) kinase activation. In the present study we demonstrate IL-2-dependent activation of the alpha isoform of DG kinase. Confocal microscopy studies reveal that the enzyme is located in the cytosol and nuclei of resting T cells. Interleukin 2 stimulation induces translocation of the enzyme to the perinuclear region. Furthermore, our results indicate that inhibition of the alpha isoform of DG kinase has a profound effect on IL-2-induced T cell growth. Studies on cell cycle distribution demonstrate that the inhibition of IL-2-induced phosphatidic acid production induces arrest in late G1 phase of IL-2 dependent cells. Altogether, these results link previous observations of interleukin 2 and phosphatidic acid production to activation of an specific isoform of DG kinase and suggest that activation of this enzyme is part of a novel signaling cascade that utilizes phosphatidic acid as an effector molecule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Casaseca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinez-A
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanoh
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Merida
mesh_terms: D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D013844:Thiazoles; C047505:R 59022; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase