title: Epstein-Barr virus in Hodgkin's disease patients in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Hodgkin's disease (HD) has been suggested by serologic, epidemiologic, and molecular biologic studies. The high level of EBV association with HD in the developing countries was discussed in relation to the high HD incidence in these areas. Japanese HD shows a distinct peak incidence in older adults. In contrast, Western HD shows a bimodal pattern, the first peak in young adulthood and a second peak in older patients. In the present study, the EBV association with HD in Japan was investigated, and the results were compared with those reported from industrialized and developing countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven patients with HD were studied for the presence or absence of the EBV genome by the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization methods. Seven cases were excluded from the analysis for EBV because of poor preservation of nucleotides in the specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EBV genomes were detected in the Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells of 32 of the 50 patients examined (64%). The EBV association was independently affected by histologic subtype (84% in mixed cellularity and 44% in others), sex (76% in males and 31% in females), and age (76% in patients aged 40 years and older and 38% in patients younger than 40 years of age; P < 0.01). High EBV association is found at the peak in older adults predominantly with mixed cellularity type. Previous studies revealed that the high EBV was associated with the older peak of the bimodal peaks in Western HD, and a unimodal peak in childhood in developing countries. The EBV subtype was predominantly type A, which is identical to the immunocompetent type of HD reported previously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the current study, together with those reported previously, showed that the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus correlated with mixed cellularity type, age older than 40 years, and male sex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohsawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aozasa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012737:Sex Factors