title: Effects of chemical pretreatment on posttraumatic cortical edema in the rat.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of mannitol (Man), dexamethasone (DM), dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and 1,3-butanediol (BD) in reduction of posttraumatic cortical edema following brain deformation injury to rats. Ten minutes prior to fluid percussion injury, each animal received one of four pretreatments or placebo: Man, 1 g/kg intravenously, DM 3.0 mg/kg intravenously, DCA 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally BD 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally (n = 12 per treatment group), or equivolume saline (n = 8 per corresponding trauma group). Six hours after trauma, cortical tissue was harvested. Using a benzene-kerosene gradient column calibrated with potassium sulfate standards, the specific gravity (SpG) of cortical tissue from each group was measured and compared (ANOVA, P < .05). The measured cortical SpG from traumatized animals receiving Man (mean 1.037 +/- SEM .001), DCA (1.038 +/- .001), and BD (1.039 +/- .001) were equal to SpG from untraumitized cortex (1.041 +/- .001), and were significantly greater than SpG from traumatized cortex for animals receiving DM (1.035 +/- .001) or placebo (1.033 +/- .002). Pretreatment with DCA, Man, and BD appears to protect against development of posttraumatic cortical edema when measured 6 hours after blunt head trauma in the rat. Each of these chemical treatments appears effective in preventing or reducing posttraumatic cortical edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Biros
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nordness
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011292:Premedication / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013046:Specific Gravity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002072:Butylene Glycols; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic; D008353:Mannitol; C028491:1,3-butylene glycol; D003907:Dexamethasone; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid