title: Phase II trial of oral tegafur and folinic acid with mitoxantrone as first-line regimen in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tegafur acts as a deport form of 5-fluorouracil when administered orally for long periods of time since it is an active drug in metastatic breast cancer, with response rates of 29-44%. Biochemical modulation with folinic acid and the addition of mitoxantrone could increase the efficacy of tegafur in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective phase II trial in patients with previously untreated metastatic breast cancer was carried out. The scheme consisted of mitoxantrone, 12 mg/m2 intravenous day 1, oral tegafur, 750 mg/m2/day divided in three equal doses, and leucovorin 15 mg/8 h orally for days 1-21, given in a 4-week schedule. None patient had received chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer, although 16 patients had received previous adjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four patients were included. Objective responses were achieved in 20 of 32 patients assessable for response, with 1 complete response and 19 partial responses. The objective response rate was 62.5% (95% confidence intervals, 48-76%). The median duration of response was 10 months. Grade III-IV toxicity according to WHO criteria was digestive (nausea/vomiting) in 12.5%, diarrhea in 25% and stomatitis in 25% of patients. Other toxicities were low. Eight patients required dose-reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We achieved a significant response rate with the scheme, which was administered on an outpatient basis. It seems to be safe and effective as first-line treatment in metastatic breast cancer, with a short median response duration. The size of the trial does not permit definitive conclusions, and the role of biochemical modulation of tegafur in combination with mitoxantrone remains to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santader
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Florian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Isla
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saenz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tres
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D005641:Tegafur; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D002955:Leucovorin