title: Endosonographic and color Doppler flow imaging alterations observed within irradiate rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate the endosonographic and color Doppler flow imaging alterations observed in irradiated rectal cancers with the pathologic features of radiation response, and to evaluate the potential impact of altered blood flow on the integrity of the surgical anastomosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endosonography with color and pulsed wave Doppler was performed on 20 rectal cancer masses before and after high dose preoperative radiation (XRT). Pre- and post-XRT observations included comparing alterations in tumor size, sonographic echotexture, color Doppler flow, and pulsatility indices. Comparisons were made with pathologic findings in the irradiated specimens and with the incidence of anastomotic failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to pre-XRT observations, irradiated rectal cancers decreased in size and became either mixed in echogenicity with less apparent color Doppler flow (16 of 20) or unchanged in color Doppler flow and echotexture (4 of 20). Those with less flow (16 of 20) were imaged later (mean = 90.2 +/- 12.1 days) than those without change in color Doppler flow (mean = 21.7 +/- 2.7 days). Pathologically, the group of four without change in color Doppler signal had features of acute inflammation which were not observed in 16 of 20 imaged later. Based on pulsatility index measurements, both high and low resistance vessels were detected and confirmed by immunohistochemical staining, and features of postradiation obliterative vasculitis were observed. Only one primary anastomosis in 14 patients with decreased flow failed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sonographic and color Doppler flow imaging alterations observed within irradiated rectal cancer correlated with changes of postradiation obliterative vasculitis. The apparent diminished local blood flow within high and low resistance vessels post-XRT did not result in an increased incidence of anastomotic failures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Palazzo
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color