title: Cutaneous manifestations and consequences of smoking.
abstract: Cigarette smoking is strongly linked to serious internal diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and lung disease. However, the external manifestations and consequences of smoking are relatively unknown. Although generally less ominous, the cutaneous manifestations of smoking may be associated with significant morbidity. This article reviews the known adverse effects on the skin of smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33602, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fenske
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000209:etiology; D015595:Skin Aging; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014945:Wound Healing