title: Sequential adjuvant therapy: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience.
abstract: Adjuvant chemotherapy has a real but modest impact on the disease-free and overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Recent attempts to improve its effectiveness have focused on dose intensity and new agents. Sequential therapy maximized dose intensity while limiting overlapping toxicity. Sequential therapy using doxorubicin followed by cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil (CMF) has been found superior in patients with high-risk resectable breast cancer. The novel chemotherapy agent paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) is now known to be highly active in advanced breast cancer and appears to be clinically non-cross-resistant with doxorubicin. Therefore, this drug is being studied as a component of the next generation of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. The most appropriate way to incorporate paclitaxel has not yet been defined, but its concurrent administration with other agents has, in some cases, been troublesome. Based on the demonstrated advantage of the sequential plan for doxorubicin and CMF, we conducted a series of pilot trials testing sequential high-dose therapy. Initially, we studied multiple cycles of doxorubicin followed by cyclophosphamide; we later added paclitaxel to this regimen. These phase II studies demonstrate the feasibility of sequential therapy with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide, and early disease-free survival results are promising. Cooperative group projects are under way or planned to further define the activity of these regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Solid Tumor Division, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hudis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raptis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fennelly
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gilewski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baselga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theodoulou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sklarin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moynahan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Surbone
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lebwohl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhlenhopp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crown
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Norton
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D002455:Cell Division; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009519:New York City; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate