title: Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study.
abstract: A pilot phase I study was conducted with a cyclic heptapeptide analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). The lactam-bridged molecule, called Melanotan-II (MT-II), has the structure Ac-Nle4-Asp5-His6-D-Phe7-Arg8-Trp9-Lys10 alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 (MT-II) and has superpotent melanotropic activity in vitro. A single-blind, alternating day (saline or MT-II), placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 3 normal male volunteers at the starting dose of 0.01 mg/kg of MT-II. Subcutaneous injections of MT-II or saline were given daily (Monday-Friday) for 2 consecutive weeks. Two subjects were escalated by 0.005 mg/kg increments to 0.03 mg/kg and one to 0.025 mg/kg. The 0.03 mg/kg dose produced Grade II somnolence and fatigue in one of two subjects (WHO standards). Mild nausea, not requiring antiemetic treatment, was reported at most MT-II dose levels. A stretching and yawning complex appeared to correlate with the onset of spontaneous, penile erections which were intermittently experienced for 1-5 hours after MT-II dosing, depending on the MT-II dose. Two subjects had increased pigmentation in the face, upper body and buttock, as measured by quantitative reflectance and by visual perception 1 week after MT-II dosing ended. These results demonstrate that MT-II has tanning activity in humans given only 5 low doses every other day by subcutaneous injection. The recommended single MT-II dose for future Phase I studies is 0.025 mg/kg/day.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Pharmacology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Dorr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lines
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Hruby
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hadley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C079282:melanotan-II; D000521:alpha-MSH