title: High levels of soluble p55-TNF receptors in seminal and prostatic fluids of normal and infertile men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the male reproductive systems by examining the occurrence, source, and possible functional significance of soluble TNF receptors in seminal fluids of normal and infertile men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations of soluble TNF receptors (p55-sTNF-R and p75-sTNF-R) were measured by ELISA in human sera, seminal fluids, prostatic fluid and fluid obtained from an epididymal spermatocele.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of p55-sTNF-R in seminal fluids of normospermic men was approximately equal to 20-fold higher than in normal serum (13.9 +/- 6.9 ng./ml. versus 0.7 +/- 0.2 ng./ml.). In contrast, p75-sTNF-R, which occurs in serum at amounts higher than p55-sTNF-R, was almost indiscernible in the seminal fluids (<0.18 +/- 0.28 ng./ml. versus 1.9 +/- 0.6 ng./ml. in sera). Concentrations of p55-sTNF-R in seminal fluids of oligoasthenospermic and azoospermic men were similar to those of normospermic men (15.6 +/- 8.5 ng./ml. and 14.9 +/- 6.5 ng./ml., respectively). Higher p55-sTNF-R concentrations were found in prostatic fluids and first split ejaculates (39.8 +/- 1.2 ng./ml. and 32 +/- 1.7 ng./ml., respectively), while second split ejaculates and the fluid from an epididymal spermatocele were found to contain p55-sTNF-R at lower levels (10.8 +/- 1 ng./ml. and 1 ng./ml., respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest intense local biosynthesis of p55-sTNF-R in the prostate occurring independently of spermatogenesis. Possible functional implications are: 1) shielding of spermatozoa from the inhibitory effect of TNF in the female reproductive tract; 2) a role for TNF in the normal physiology of the prostate; and 3) blocking TNF-mediated immune response in the prostate, which may have bearings on the development of prostatic hypertrophy or cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tur-Kaspa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weissenberg
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Madgar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aderka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mashiach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wallach
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000378:metabolism; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II