title: Retinoid regulation of human cathepsin D gene expression.
abstract: Retinoic acid (RA) regulation of human cathepsin D (cath D) gene expression was investigated in this study. RA enhanced cath D mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. RA regulation of cath D mRNA levels was predominantly transcriptional because RA also increased cath D gene core promoter activity. Upon further characterization of the core promoter we localized RA responsive region to proximal 112-bp. The proximal 112-bp region of cath D gene promoter harbours several retinoid response element (RARE)-like sequences. In gel shift experiments the sequence between -100 and -74 nucleotides in the CD112 region carrying imperfect direct repeat and a palindrome competed with RARE for binding to RAR/RXRs. These sequences, however, exhibited binding to protein complexes which could not be competed with unlabeled RARE or up-shifted with RAR/RXR-specific antibodies. We conclude that RA predominantly regulates cath D gene expression from the proximal 112-bp of the promoter region, but this regulation appears indirect.
authors.affiliation: Unit Hormones and Cancer (U 148) INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Augereau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chalbos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rochefort
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D002402:Cathepsin D / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin; D002402:Cathepsin D