title: Microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical resection is not always feasible in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Microwave coagulation therapy has been used as an alternative to resection, and its efficacy has been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma underwent microwave coagulation therapy through laparotomy (n = 12), laparoscopy (n = 5), or thoracotomy (n = 2) because of advanced liver cirrhosis and/or intrahepatic metastases. One nodule was treated in 13 patients, tumor size ranged from 5 to 90 mm. Patient outcomes were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microwave coagulation therapy created a reproducible regional necrosis. Fourteen patients underwent potentially curative treatment; the remaining 5 patients underwent palliative treatment (n = 4) or incomplete tumor coagulation (n = 1). Of the 31 nodules treated, 28 underwent complete tumor ablation. Only 2 patients undergoing laparoscopic microwave coagulation therapy developed local recurrence. The coagulated area subsequently shrank. Patients showed rapid recovery without hepatic dysfunction. Thirteen patients, including 2 long-term survivors, are alive either without tumor (n = 10; 14-64 months) or with tumor (n = 3; 17-22 months). Six patients died of hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 4) or liver insufficiency (n = 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study suggests the efficacy of microwave coagulation therapy, including safety and potential curability, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with advanced liver cirrhosis and multifocal or central tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Ehime University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D011379:Prognosis