title: Disease outcome in patients with low stage renal cell carcinoma treated with nephron sparing or radical surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the outcome of nephron sparing surgery in patients with low grade and low stage (Robson stage II or less) renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 185 patients treated with nephron sparing surgery and 209 matched for patient age and sex, and tumor stage and grade who were treated with radical nephrectomy. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed for progression and survival end points. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the tumor characteristics independently correlated with progression and cancer death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was observed with respect to progression-free, crude or cancer specific survival between the nephron sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy groups. Less than 5% of the patients treated with conservative nephron sparing surgery had local recurrence. Tumor size was a strong independent predictor of outcome, whereas Robson stage was not. Patients treated with radical nephrectomy had a significant cancer specific and progression-free survival advantage when controlling for tumor diameter and grade. However, no difference was observed in patients with primary tumor diameters of 4 cm. or less.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robson staging is inaccurate in predicting tumor behavior. Patients with tumors larger than 4 cm. and a normal contralateral kidney may be best served by radical nephrectomy rather than elective nephron sparing surgery. However, nephron sparing surgery may result in an outcome similar to that of radical nephrectomy for low grade, low stage renal cell carcinomas of 4 cm. or smaller.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Blute
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grabner
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wollan
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Eickholt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zincke
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome