title: Influence of parboiling and physico-chemical characteristics of rice on the glycaemic index in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of parboiling, amylose content and gelatinisation temperature of rice on the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve NIDDM subjects ingested high (27%) and low amylose content five test meals of 50 g available carbohydrates as white bread, cooked polished rice with high (27%) and low amylose content (12%) with different gelatinisation temperature and as nonparboiled and parboiled. The meals were taken in random order after a 12h fast with approximately 7 days interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The glycaemic indices (GI) of all rice varieties were lower than that of white bread (P <0.001). Furthermore, GI of parboiled rice with a high amylose content was lower than that of parboiled rice with a low amylose content (50 +/- 7 vs 73 +/- 7, P <0.01). No differences were 47 +/- 4, n.s.), nor between non-parboiled and parboiled rice (50 +/- 7 vs 53 +/- 7, n.s.). Insulin responses to the five test meals were not significantly different in the NIDDM subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In NIDDM subjects the investigated rices were all low glycaemic as compared to white bread,independent of parboiling and physico-chemical characteristics. The mildparboiling process used did not influence GI. The study showed that the amylose content, but not the gelatinisation temperature, may be an useful criterion in selection of low GI rices also after parboiling.
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: O W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Tetens
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Thilsted
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hermansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000688:Amylose / Q000032:analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000688:Amylose; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005782:Gels; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin