title: Entire hemithorax irradiation following complete resection in patients with stage II-III invasive thymoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of prophylactic entire hemithorax irradiation (EH) in addition to mediastinal irradiation (MRT) following a complete resection in Stage II-III invasive thymoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients with invasive thymoma treated with surgery and radiation therapy between 1978 and 1993 were analyzed retrospectively. All 43 patients underwent a complete surgical resection and were judged to have Masaoka's Stage II-III invasive thymoma. Of these, 23 patients received EH and MRT (EH-MRT) and the remaining 20 received MRT. Of the 23 patients with EH-MRT, 11 were Stage II and 12 Stage III. Of the 20 with MRT, 11 were Stage II and 9 Stage III. In most cases, EH was 15 Gy per 15 fractions over 3 weeks (without lung compensation calculation). In both the EH-MRT and MRT group, the total radiation doses to the mediastinum were similar with a median of 40 Gy. The median follow-up time after surgery was 63 months and no patients were lost to follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one of the 23 patients with EH-MRT relapsed. On the other hand, eight of the 20 with MRT relapsed, six of whom died of disease. The pleura was the most common site of failure. At 5 years, the relapse-free rate was 100% for those receiving EH-MRT and 66% for those with MRT (p = 0.03); the overall survival rate was 96% for those with EH-MRT, and 74% for those with MRT (p: not significant). The only significant treatment-related complication was radiation pneumonitis requiring treatment, in one patient who received MRT and three who received EH-MRT, including one death of a 72-year-old man and one 68-year-old woman with severe lung fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for elderly patients, EH-MRT following a macroscopically complete resection appears to be safe and feasible, and can reduce intrathoracic relapses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Itami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D017619:Hemibody Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017564:Radiation Pneumonitis / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013945:Thymoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery