title: Effect of bone density of the head on total body DEXA measurements in 100 healthy Swedish women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to examine the bone areal density of the head and how it varied in relation to the density of the rest of the skeleton, and with age, and body mass index (BMI). Our intention was to study the feasibility of excluding the head from the rest of the body, a method which might improve the fracture prediction power of bone mineral measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone mineral per area (BMA) and bone mineral content (BMC) (g) were determined in 100 consecutive female volunteers, aged 17 to 78 years, with total and partial body measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMC of the head was found to be 20.2 +/- 2.2% of that for the total body. The BMA of the head was 2.38 +/- 0.21 times higher than that of the rest of the body. The correlation between the BMA of the head and the rest of body was significant (r = 0.73). The average change in z-score (referred to the same age group in our material) was 0.20 when the head was excluded from total body BMA. The BMA of a) total body, b) total body, head excluded, and c) head decreased with age. The BMA of the head was correlated to BMI in the older age groups (p < 0.01). The relative statistical uncertainty for repeated measurement of head BMA was 1.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The change of the bone density of the head with age and BMI, in comparison to that of the rest of the skeleton, suggests that when the head is excluded from total body BMA better predictive value for fracture risk is obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Brismar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ringertz
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012886:Skull / Q000502:physiology*; D013548:Sweden