title: Hodgkin's disease presenting as a solitary bone tumor. A report of four cases and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hodgkin's disease (HD) rarely presents as a solitary bone tumor. Fewer than 20 such cases have been reported in the English literature; many of these were reported prior to the development of immunohistologic markers for HD and T- and B-cell lymphomas. In this report, we describe four cases of HD that presented as a localized solitary mass in bone; the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical studies in all cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biopsy specimens of four cases identified in our files were studied by conventional histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Clinical data and follow-up information were obtained for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three cases presented as a localized, solitary mass in the ilium and one case in the vertebra (T12). Three patients were female and one male. The average age was 43 years. Three of the patients presented with lower back pain without constitutional symptoms. All had solitary osteoblastic lesions. All four cases were diagnostic problems, and the diagnosis was confirmed in each case only after finding lymph node involvement. Bone biopsies showed fibrosis and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with rare atypical cells. All four patients were subsequently found to have nodal involvement by HD. The histology of the associated nodal disease was mixed cellularity in two cases and nodular sclerosis in two. On immunohistochemical staining, the neoplastic cells in all cases expressed CD15 and CD30 and lacked CD45 and other B- and T-cell antigens. Three patients who were treated for HD are alive and well, 1, 6, and 14 years later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although rare, HD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary bone lesions. Most patients who present with apparently solitary HD of bone prove to have nodal involvement. Long-term survival is possible with aggressive treatment.
authors.affiliation: James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozdemirli
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mankin
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Aisenberg
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged