title: Peroral laser lithotripsy of difficult intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones: laser effectiveness using an automatic stone-tissue discrimination system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of laser lithotripsy with an integrated stone-tissue discrimination system is an ambitious treatment modality for bile duct stone fragmentation. The aim of our prospective study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of the laser system and to find whether it reduced the need for choledochoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with complicated bile duct stones were treated perorally with a flashlamp-pulsed Rhodamine-6G dye laser and an automatic stone-tissue discrimination system. Initial treatment sessions were performed under fluoroscopic guidance in each patient and switched to choledochoscopic control if the stone could not be approached properly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen of 19 patients with extrahepatic bile stones were treated under fluoroscopic control; 17 of 19 patients were successfully treated through laser therapy. In nine of the patients with intrahepatic stones (n = 11), choledochoscopy was necessary for sufficient laser lithotripsy; seven of those patients became stone-free. Twenty-four of 30 patients (80%) were stone-free after sole laser therapy. Combined with other methods, the overall success rate was 27/30 (90%). Therapy-related mortality was 0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser lithotripsy is effective and safe. The stone-tissue discrimination system facilitates therapy under fluoroscopic control and precludes the need for choledochoscopy, which is highly significant (p <0.001) if the calculi are extrahepatically located.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine C (Hepatogastroenterology), Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jakobs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Riemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies