title: Correcting prolonged bleeding during renal transplantation with estrogen or plasma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and relative effectiveness of conjugated entrogens (CE) and fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) in normalizing prolonged preoperative bleeding times during renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university regional referral center for transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients scheduled for renal transplantation with preoperative bleeding times greater than 10 minutes (normal, < 7 minutes) following informed consent were asked to participate in the randomized protocol. Those with bleeding times of 8 to 9.5 minutes were asked, following informed consent, to be a control group receiving neither CE nor FFP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following induction of anesthesia and drawing of baseline laboratory tests, patients were administered randomly, using a table of random numbers, either 50 mg of CE or 2 U of FFP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bleeding time measurements and other laboratory tests were repeated at the end of surgery as well as at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with CE and FFP decreased the patients' bleeding times from 16.68 +/- 0.8 (SEM) and 17.13 +/- 0.85 minutes to 7.67 +/- 0.79 (P < .001) and 10.50 +/- 1.27 minutes (P < .001), respectively, by the end of surgery. At 24 and 48 hours postoperatively, the CE group had bleeding times of 9.77 +/- 0.99 and 9.81 +/- 1.24 minutes (P < .001 for both), respectively, whereas the FFP group bleeding times were 12.76 +/- 1.57 (P = .003) and 12.14 +/- 1.56 minutes (P = .001), respectively. There were no statistical differences for the control group compared with baseline either at the end of surgery or at 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both CE and FFP significantly decreased prolonged preoperative bleeding times during renal transplantation, CE might be preferred because of lower risk and cost, as well as a longer duration of action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Diethelm
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gelman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laskow
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deierhoi
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Barber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D003029:Coagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016527:Drug Costs; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010949:Plasma; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003029:Coagulants; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)