title: Rate-determining steps for tyrosine phosphorylation by the kinase domain of v-fps.
abstract: The rate-determining steps in the phosphorylation of four tyrosine-containing peptides by the kinase domain of the nonreceptor tyrosine protein kinase v-fps were measured using viscosometric methods. The peptides were phosphorylated by a fusion protein of glutathione-S-transferase and the kinase domain of v-fps (GST-kin) and the initial velocities were determined by a coupled enzyme assay. Peptides I (EEEIYEEIE), II (EAEIYEAIE), and III (DADIYDAID) were phosphorylated by GST-kin with similar kinetic constants. The viscosogens, glycerol and sucrose, were found to have intermediate effects on kcat and no effect on kcat/Kpeptide for the phosphorylation of these three peptides. The data are interpreted according to the Stokes-Einstein equation and a simple three-step mechanism involving substrate binding, phosphoryl group transfer, and net product release. Two competitive inhibitors (EAEIFEAIE and DADIFDAID) exhibited K1 values that are 6-10-fold higher than the Kpeptide values for their analogous peptide substrates. The data imply that peptides I-III are in rapid equilibrium with the enzyme and that kcat is partially limited by both phosphoryl group transfer (40-100 s-1) and product release (17-22 s-1). GST-kin phosphorylates peptide IV (R5AENLEYamide) with a low Km (100 microM) and a kcat that is 40-fold lower than that for peptide I. No effect of solvent viscosity was observed for the phosphorylation of this peptide on either kcat or kcat/Kpeptide. This suggests that highly viscous solutions do not perturb structure and that the rate-determining step for this poor substrate is phosphoryl group transfer. The data indicate that the kinase domain of v-fps phosphorylates its best substrate with a chemical rate constant that is at least 5-fold lower than that for the serine-specific cAMP-dependent protein kinase and its best substrate LRRASLG (Adams & Taylor, 1992). Interestingly, both enzymes exhibit a similar affinity for their substrates and both enzymes release their products at a similar rate. This implies that the differences in catalytic efficiency between serine- and tyrosine-specific protein kinases lie exclusively in the rate constants for phosphoryl group transfer and not in substrate absorption or product desorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, California 92182-1030, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015681:Fusion Proteins, gag-onc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D015681:Fusion Proteins, gag-onc; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C068415:v-fps oncogene protein, Fujinami sarcoma virus