title: T-cell activation leads to rapid stimulation of translation initiation factor eIF2B and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3.
abstract: Mitogenic stimulation of T-lymphocytes causes a rapid activation or protein synthesis, which reflects in part increased expression of many translation components. Their levels, however, rise more slowly than the rate of protein synthesis, indicating an enhancement of the efficiency of their utilization. Initiation factor eIF2B catalyzes a key regulatory step in the initiation of translation, and we have therefore studied its activity following T-cell activation. eIF2B activity rises quickly, increasing as early as 5 min after cell stimulation. This initial phase is followed by an additional slow but substantial increase in eIF2B activity. The level of eIF2B subunits did not change over the initial rapid phase but did increase at later time points. Northern analysis revealed that levels of eIF2B mRNA only rose during the later phase. The rapid activation of EIF2B following mitogenic stimulation of T-cells is therefore mediated by factors other than its own concentration. The largest (epsilon) subunit of eIF2B is a substrate for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), the activity of which rapidly decreases following T-cell activation. Since phosphorylation of eIF2B by GSK-3 appears to inhibit nucleotide exchange in vitro, this provides a potential mechanism by which eIF2B may be activated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Safer
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Proud
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020717:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D020717:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3