title: Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis has been recognized since medieval times by an array of names. The condition is familiar to paediatricians and paediatric surgeons but it often is not recognized in its early stages. A paediatric surgeon's experience of the condition in Newcastle over 30 years is reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A personal series of children with non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis treated in Newcastle from 1966 to 1994 is reviewed. Clinical diagnosis was supported by multiple Mantoux skin testing in most patients using human purified protein derivative (PPD) and avian antigens. All were treated surgically with histological confirmation of the diagnosis. A total of 89 patients were encountered. Twenty-two were seen in hospital practice between 1966 and 1976 and have already been reported. The current paper presents the results of analysis of the clinical features, diagnosis and surgical treatment of the remaining 67 patients seen in paediatric surgical practice between 1976 and 1994.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was equal sex distribution. Ages ranged from 1 to 10 years, with none under 1 year, and 82% of the patients were in the pre-school age group. Cervical lymph nodes were involved in all, the majority being jugulo-digastric or submandibular. Surgical excision by limited dissection of lymph nodes was performed in 55 patients with one recurrence, and by excision and curettage in eight patients with two recurrences. Simple bacterial wound infection occurred in four patients and two had prolonged postoperative suppuration as a result of mycobacterial wound infection. Paresis of the mandibular or cervical branch of the facial nerve occurred in 50% of patients where the nerve was at risk, but the majority of these recovered although it took over 6 months in some children. Culture for mycobacterial organisms was positive in only 29 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis is clinical and its early recognition requires an awareness of the condition. It can be confirmed by multiple Mantoux testing or fine needle aspiration biopsy. The treatment is local excision of the affected lymph nodes. Histological examination and mycobacterial culture should be performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016926:Mycobacterium chelonae; D015359:Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; D009517:New South Wales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014388:Tuberculosis, Lymph Node / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery