title: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 and -beta 2 induce inhibin and activin beta B-subunit messenger ribonucleic acid levels in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on inhibin and activin subunit messenger ribonucleic acids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human granulosa-luteal cell culture model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Granulosa cells were obtained from women undergoing an IVF program in a private IVF clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regularly menstruating women undergoing oocyte retrieval for IVF because of either tubal obstruction or infertility of the spouse.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each experiment, cells of two to four patients were pooled, enzymatically dispersed, separated from red blood cells by centrifugation through Ficoll-Paque and cultured in vitro in the presence of TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2 and/or hCG whereafter cellular RNA was extracted for Northern or dot blot filter hybridization with inhibin alpha-, beta A, and beta B-subunit complementary DNA probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 induced the expression of a 4.8-kb inhibin and activin beta B-subunit messenger (mRNA) transcript in a time- and dose-dependent manner but had no effect on alpha- or beta A-subunit mRNA levels. Human chorionic gonadotropin alone did not affect beta B-subunit mRNA levels, but when administered together with TGF-beta s, it prevented the induction of beta B-subunit mRNAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that in human ovary, granulosa, or thecal cell-derived TGF-beta 1 or -beta 2 may eventually locally modulate in a paracrine or autocrine manner the relative expression levels of inhibin and activin subunits favoring the formation of the inhibin and activin dimers containing the beta B-subunit. The effect of TGF-beta is clearly different from that of gonadotropins, which potently induce the alpha- and beta A-subunit mRNAs, indicating that distinct components of the human ovarian inhibin and activin system are regulated differentially by endocrine and local factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erämaa
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ritvos
mesh_terms: D028341:Activins; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000235:genetics*; D008184:Luteal Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D028341:Activins; D007265:Inhibins