title: Validation of family history in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 6% to 9% of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), familial aggregation occurs; truly familial cases carry a worse prognosis than sporadic cases and raise the question of screening. If relatives have died from SAH, the family history is often the only available clue to the diagnosis, but the sensitivity and predictive value of such a history for SAH are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We contacted a next of kin for a consecutive series of patients who had died in the hospital of subarachnoid hemorrhage (n=20), intracerebral hemorrhage (n=22), or ischemic stroke (n=23) between 3 and 5 years previously, and we compared the diagnosis based on the history from this next of kin with the medical diagnosis confirmed by a CT scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive predictive value of the diagnosis of "probable SAH" from the history in our study sample was 0.7; when adjusted for incidence rates in the general population it was 0.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 0.8). The sensitivity of the diagnosis based on the history was 0.5 (95% confidence interval. 0.3 to 0.7); 10 of the 20 cases of SAH were not identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The family history of SAH, without confirmation from medical documents, is an insufficiently accurate tool to prove or disprove the diagnosis of familial SAH.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Neurology, Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rinkel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Algra
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greebe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beldman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Gijn
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007511:Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed