title: A checkerboard method to evaluate interactions between drugs.
abstract: A method to evaluate interactions between biologically active agents is presented. Synergism, zero interaction, and antagonism were easily detected with the three-dimensional approach proposed herein. This method is compatible with a checkerboard design to diagnose the interaction between agents and obviate the need to test their mixtures in a fixed concentration ratio as proposed by Chou and Talalay. Dose-response curves for individual agents were obtained, and experimental data fitted to appropriate equations by nonlinear regression. If zero interaction was present, the predicted effect could be calculated for each combination using the classical isobole equation with any spreadsheet having a command to solve mathematical equations by iteration. This allowed the selection of appropriate concentrations for the combination of two or more agents. Interaction between agents could be assessed in two ways: by comparing experimental with expected effects, if zero interaction is present; or by analyzing the reduction or increase in total dose found as a consequence of the interaction. The applicability of both approaches is discussed and, for purposes of comparison with other methods, examples based on published data are analyzed and commented upon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Martinez-Irujo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Villahermosa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alberdi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santiago
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; C057503:carbovir; D015215:Zidovudine; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase