title: "One-stitch" canalicular repair. A simplified approach for repair of canalicular laceration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been widely believed that direct microsurgical re-anastomosis of the canalicular epithelium is necessary for satisfactory repair of canalicular lacerations. However, because repair is carried out in conjunction with placement of an indwelling silicone stent, this stent should keep the canalicular edges adequately approximate without the need for suturing. The authors report their results in repairing canalicular lacerations using a single, fine, horizontal, mattress suture to re-approximate the overlying pericanalicular orbicularis muscle and eliminate direct microsurgical re-anastomosis of the canalicular epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of 67 patients who underwent repair of lacerated canaliculi with one-stitch re-approximation of the overlying orbicularis muscle in conjunction with bicanalicular silicone tube intubation. Stents were left in place for 3 months postoperatively and then removed. Probing across the lacerated portion of the canaliculus was carried out at the time of stent removal to ensure patency. Dye disappearance testing with 2% fluorescein and irrigation through the canaliculus then was performed 6 weeks to 3 months after stent removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 67 patients, 59 were followed to stent removal. Probing with a 00 probe showed canalicular patency in all 59 patients. Irrigation resulted in reflux in two patients, indicating unrelated nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Of these 59 patients, 45 complied with scheduled follow-up 6 weeks to 3 months after stent removal. Dye disappearance testing using 2% fluorescein demonstrated delay in lacrimal outflow in 6 of the 45 patients. Only two patients had symptomatic epiphora, and in both patients there was an underlying nasolacrimal duct obstruction confirmed by irrigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple re-approximation of the lacerated overlying soft tissue combined with bicanalicular silicone intubation proved highly successful in managing canalicular lacerations. Probing through the lacerated canaliculus demonstrated patency in 100% of the 59 patients followed to stent removal. Only 4% of patients had symptomatic epiphora postoperatively, and 13% demonstrated some delay in outflow with dye disappearance testing. This compares very favorably with previous reported series in which lacerated canaliculi were microsurgically re-anastomosed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthalmology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kersten
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kulwin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D019793:Fluorescein; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007440:Intubation; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D015607:Stents; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D019793:Fluorescein