title: Detection and significance of myocardial ischemia in women versus men within six months of acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina. The Multicenter Myocardial Ischemia Research Group.
abstract: Ischemia detection after an acute coronary event predicts subsequent cardiac events. However, gender-related aspects in the prevalence and prognostic significance of ischemia detection after an acute coronary event have not been reported. Noninvasive tests, which included resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), 24-hour ambulatory ECG, exercise ECG, and thallium-201 stress scintigraphy were performed in 936 stable patients (224 women and 712 men) 1 to 6 months (average 2.7) after an acute coronary event (i.e., myocardial infarction or unstable angina). Primary end points during an average follow-up of 23 months included cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and unstable angina, while restricted end points included the first 2. Ischemia detection was significantly less frequent among women than among men on 24-hour ambulatory ECG, exercise ECG, and thallium-201 stress scintigraphy. Primary end points occurred in 19.2% of women and in 19% of men, and restricted end points occurred in 5.8% of women versus 8%. of men (p = NS). Cox analyses revealed that gender and its interaction with each of the ischemia tests did not contribute to the prediction of the primary or restricted end points. We conclude that in stable patients 1 to 6 months after an acute coronary event, ischemia detection by noninvasive tests was significantly less prevalent in women than in men. However, subsequent cardiac event rates in women were similar to those observed in men, and there was no gender-ischemic detection interaction regarding subsequent events.
authors.affiliation: The Jesselson Heart Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benhorin
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Raubertas
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Severski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Voohees
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bodenheimer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tzivoni
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Wackers
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mass
mesh_terms: D000789:Angina, Unstable; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors