title: A new filter paper method to measure capillary blood lead level in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a new filter paper method to determine capillary blood lead levels accurately in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired comparison of lead levels determined in capillary whole blood dried on filter paper with lead levels in venous whole blood samples determined by a reference method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children's Hospital of Michigan clinics, Detroit.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred children aged 9 months to 6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lead concentrations determined in capillary whole blood samples dried on filter paper were compared with concentrations measured in paired venous whole blood samples by a reference method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparability of the two lead assay methods was assessed with the concordance coefficient. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictivity of the capillary filter paper method relative to the reference method were determined at three intervention decision concentrations of blood lead defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was high agreement between the two assay methods, with a concordance coefficient of O.96. The capillary filter paper assay had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 90% for differentiating blood lead levels of 0.48 mumol/L (10 micrograms/dL) or more. Blood lead levels of 0.72 mumol/L (15 micrograms/dL) or more and 0.96 mumol/L (20 micrograms/dL) or more were identified with 98% and 94% sensitivity and 98% and 99% specificity, respectively. Positive predictivity was 93%, 98%, and 97%, respectively, at the three blood lead concentration decision points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The capillary filter paper method for blood lead analysis described herein provides a convenient, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive method to examine children for elevated blood lead levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srivuthana
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhambhani
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Elton
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kauffman
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D010209:Paper; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D007854:Lead