title: Accelerated cell-cycling of hematopoietic progenitors by the flt3 ligand that is modulated by transforming growth factor-beta.
abstract: Although hematopoietic growth factors have been extensively studied as to their roles in recruitment of hematopoietic progenitors from quiescence state to cell division state, little is known of their effects on cell-cycling of progenitors that have already transited from quiescence into active cell-cycling. We examined the effects of the flt3 ligand (FL) on cell-cycling of hematopoietic progenitors in serum-free culture. Results from our serial observations of colony formation and replating experiments suggest that FL enhances the rate of growth of interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent colonies by shortening the time for each progenitor in the colonies to divide. Cell-cycle analysis showed that shortening of cell-cycle time induced by FL is mainly because of alteration in the G1 phase that hematopoietic progenitors go through. We next investigated the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in cell-cycling of progenitors, using TGF-beta protein and TGF-beta antisense oligonucleotides, because mRNA of TGF-beta was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction in blast cells that we used as a source of progenitors. TGF-beta lengthened the time required for IL-3-dependent progenitors to become two daughter cells, whereas the effects of TGF-beta antisense oligonucleotides were opposite to those of TGF-beta. The addition of TGF-beta neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the cultures resulted in effects similar to those seen with TGF-beta antisense oligonucleotides. DNA studies indicated that both TBF-beta and TGF-beta antisense oligonucleotides change the length of G1 phase of the cell-cycle. TGF-beta abrogated the effects of FL on the growth rate of hematopoietic progenitors, whereas the combination of FL with TGF-beta antisense oligonucleotides exerted additive effects. These data show that FL has the potential to accelerate cell-cycling of hematopoietic progenitors, which is susceptible to the modulation by TGF-beta.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohishi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahmud
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lyman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiku
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007377:Interleukin-3; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C084881:flt3 ligand protein