title: Molecular weights and isoelectric points of sperm antigens relevant to autoimmune infertility in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the molecular weights and isoelectric points of antigens in the uncapacitated and capacitated spermatozoa of fertile men binding to the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 8 autoimmune infertile men and 8 fertile nonautoimmune men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used double fluorochrome cytotoxicity and immunobead binding assays to determine the sperm antibody status of the study subjects. 2-Dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis were used to determine the molecular weights and isoelectric points of sperm antigens binding to serum IgG from these men. Amino acid sequencing of the digested peptides of chosen proteins was accomplished. Immune reactivity to the proteins in autoimmune infertile men was further verified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum IgG from fertile men failed to react significantly. Serum IgG from all autoimmune men (100%) showed significant binding to proteins with a molecular weight of 92 kDa. and isoelectric points of 3.5 to 4.0 in the capacitated spermatozoa. Six of 8 infertile men (75%) had serum IgG binding to capacitated sperm antigens with a molecular weight of 18 kDa. and isoelectric points of 4.5 to 5.2. Amino acid sequencing of peptides of the 92 kDa. protein matched complement component 1 (C1) inhibitor, with noted differences in the amino acid sequencing from the latter. The 18 kDa. protein matched calmodulin. We verified that serum IgG from autoimmune infertile men bound with C1 inhibitor and ascertained that the 92 kDa. protein in the spermatozoa was C1 inhibitor-like protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant antibody responses to C1 inhibitor-like protein and calmodulin were noted in autoimmune men. Both of these proteins may be of testicular origin and these autoimmune responses may be highly relevant to infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425-2233, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003174:Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000276:immunology*; D007526:Isoelectric Point; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D013075:Sperm Capacitation; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D002147:Calmodulin; D003174:Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G