title: How carcinogens cause cancer.
abstract: Several concepts have been formed regarding the origin of primary malignancies, but only recently has a theory on second primary cancers evolved. The aim of this report is to review the literature regarding current concepts associated with carcinogenesis, tobacco and alcohol, oral premalignancy, field cancerization and cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Prosthodontics/Dental Oncology, University of Texas M.D> Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chaambers
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology; D018890:Chemoprevention; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D004919:Erythroplasia / Q000209:etiology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000209:etiology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens