title: Alkaloid delta agonist BW373U86 increases hypoxic tolerance.
abstract: Activation of delta opioid receptors increases survival time during acute, lethal hypoxia in mice. delta Agonists therefore present a promising avenue for therapeutic application to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with clinical hypoxia in settings such as drowning, head injury apnea, and complicated childbirths. However, most delta agonists now available are peptides, and may have limited clinical utility. In the present study, we evaluate the neuroprotective ability of an alkaloid delta agonist, BW373U86. Alkaloid compounds, due to increased stability and increased systemic distribution, may be more favorable for clinical use. We found that BW373U86, like the peptide delta agonist, DPDPE ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin), increases survival time of mice during lethal hypoxia. The mechanism of neuroprotection induced by delta receptor activation appears to involve decreasing body temperature. Further, using selective opioid receptor antagonists, it appears that BW373U86 exerts these neuroprotective effects by acting at delta-opioid receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0622, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bofetiado
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Mayfield
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: D'Alecy
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D010879:Piperazines; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; C083877:BW 373U86; C051844:norbinaltorphimine; D009271:Naltrexone; C024524:beta-funaltrexamine