title: Trends in pharmacotherapy of Schizoaffective and bipolar affective disorders: a 5-year naturalistic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors' goal was to determine if the actual treatment of schizoaffective and bipolar affective disorders had changed in light of recent clinical drug trials that have suggested that valproate and carbamazepine may be equivalent in efficacy to lithium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medication utilization rates for each 6-month period from July 1, 1989, to June 30, 1994, were compiled from the clinical database of the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of valproate and valproate plus lithium was negligible in 1989. by 1994, these medication regimens accounted for 25% of the standard antimanic treatments used for bipolar affective disorder and 38% of the treatments used for schizoaffective disorder. Regimens of carbamazepine and carbamazepine plus lithium dropped from 24% of antimanic treatments in 1989 to 18% in 1994. From 1989 to 1994, there was a decline in the rate of lithium monotherapy for treatment of bipolar affective disorder (from 84% to 43%) and schizoaffective disorder (from 100% to 53%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the past 5 years, valproate monotherapy has increased as a percentage of total antimanic pharmacotherapies, while lithium monotherapy has declined.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Service 116A/5C4, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Fenn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Luby
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dangel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buxton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yesavage
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002220:Carbamazepine; D014635:Valproic Acid; D008094:Lithium