title: Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the urine of children with acute pyelonephritis and relation to renal scarring.
abstract: Urinary concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-lra) standardized to urinary creatinine concentrations were studied. The median standardized IL-1 alpha creatinine quotient in children with first-time acute pyelonephritis was 3.6 pg/mumol, but was nondetectable in children with recurrent pyelonephritis, children with non-renal febrile conditions and children convalescent after acute pyelonephritis (p < 0.05-0.01). IL-lra levels were also significantly higher in children with acute first-time pyelonephritis (median of 239 pg/mumol) compared to these three groups of children (p < 0.01-0.001). The highest urinary IL-lra levels, however, were found in the healthy controls (median value 1.019; p < 0.001). Both cytokines were higher among children younger than one year compared to older children. The acute IL-1 alpha creatinine quotients were lowest in children with uptake defects on 99mTC-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy both during the acute infection (reflecting the acute inflammation) (p < 0.001) and 1 year after the acute infection (reflecting permanent kidney scarring) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, persisting high urinary levels of IL-1 alpha were associated with less renal inflammation and scarring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tullus
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Escobar-Billing
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fituri
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Burman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wikstad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wretlind
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brauner
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000652:urine*; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine*; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D003404:Creatinine