title: In vitro characterization of prolactin-induced effects on proliferation in the neoplastic LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 models of the human prostate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proliferation of normal and tumoral prostate tissue is regulated by androgens and various growth factors. We characterized the in vitro proliferative influence of prolactin (PRL) in androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive human prostate cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biologic models employed included the androgen-sensitive LNCaP and the androgen-insensitive DU145 and PC3 cell lines. PRL-induced influences (0.1-10 mIU/ml of medium) on proliferation were assessed using the colorimetric methylthiotetrazole assay. Androgen sensitivity in the three cell lines was determined by assessing the proliferative influence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (0.1-10 nM). PRL-induced modifications in PC3 cell kinetics were assessed using Feulgen-stained nuclear image cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although DHT markedly stimulated LNCaP proliferation, it had no proliferative effect on the DU145 and PC3 cell lines. By contrast, PRL significantly modulated the proliferation of the DU145 and PC3 lines, but exerted weak, if any, effect on the proliferation of the LNCaP cell line. PRL increased the percentage of PC3 proliferating cells (i.e., cells in the S/G2 phases of the cell cycle) at low doses (0.1 mIU/mL) and decreased this percentage at high doses (10 mIU/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proliferation of androgen-insensitive human prostate cell lines can be significantly modulated by prolactin.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Darro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petein
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raviv
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pasteels
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Schulman
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D011388:Prolactin