title: Prospective study of incidence and predisposing factors for clavicular fracture in the newborn.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of clavicular fracture, associated fetal and maternal risk factors and its connection with quality care control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3030 newborns delivered vaginally were evaluated for clavicular fractures by three separate physicians. The study group included all newborns with fractured clavicle. A control group consisted of 52 newborns delivered vaginally with no history of fractures. Maternal records were evaluated for possible predisposing factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six (l.5%) newborns were found to have clavicular fractures. When compared to the control group, they were found to have a higher birthweight (3710+/-352gm vs 3235+/-405gm) an older maternal age (30.5+/-5 bs 27.7+/-6), a longer second stage of labor (34 min vs 23 min), higher rate of instrumental deliveries (13/46 vs 6/52) and shoulder dystocia (6/46 vs 1/52). Nearly 80% of newborns with clavicular fractures weighed less than 4000 gm. Multivariate analysis demonstrated two independent variables; birthweight over 3500 gm and maternal age >29.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clavicular fractures are associated with higher birthweight, older maternal age, longer second stage of labor, instrumental deliveries and shoulder dystocia. However, in most cases this injury cannot be predicted prior to delivery and thus cannot be an indicator of quality control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology "A", Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Serlin Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Many
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yaron
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lusky
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Peyser
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lessing
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D001724:Birth Weight; D002968:Clavicle / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000150:complications*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007748:Labor Stage, Second; D008423:Maternal Age; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors