title: Impact of different classes antimicrobial agents on plasma endotoxin activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of different classes and doses of antibiotics on endotoxin release in gram-negative infection in a rat model of intra- abdominal infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immediately after intraperitoneal inoculation of Escherichia coli (5 x 10(7) colony-forming units/kg), anesthetized Wistar rats were treated with a single intravenous dose of an antimicrobial agent: cefotaxime (40 mg/kg), ciprofloxacin (3 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg), imipenem (7 mg/kg or 14 mg/kg), or gentamicin (5 mg/kg). An untreated control group received 0.9% sodium chloride instead of antibiotic. Plasma endotoxin activity, blood bacteria count, and mean arterial pressure were monitored at 60-minute intervals for 5 hours. At the end of the experiment, lavage was performed to determine the bacteria count in the peritoneal cavity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the untreated group, the blood bacteria count increased rapidly. Five hours after therapy, the plasma endotoxin activity in the cefotaxime group was higher by a factor of 3.6 than in the untreated group. Compared with the cefotaxime group, endotoxin activity was approximately 26% lower in the ciprofloxacin (3 mg/kg) group, 35% lower in the imipenem groups, and 38% lower in the gentamicin group. The lowest endotoxin levels were in the high-dose ciprofloxacin group. Bacteria counts in the peritoneal cavity were lowest in the gentamicin and high-dose ciprofloxacin groups. Except in the high-dose ciprofloxacin group, the endotoxin increase in the therapy groups was associated with a significant (P < .05) decrease in mean arterial pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the early phase of therapy, antibiotic-induced endotoxin release is influenced by the mode of action of the agent class. This is not the sole influence in every class. With quinolones, this effect is also influenced considerably by dosage, ie, by pharmacodynamics.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Research, University of Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nitsche
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oesser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalhoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015378:Imipenem / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000382:microbiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013845:Thienamycins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D004731:Endotoxins; D005839:Gentamicins; D013845:Thienamycins; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D015378:Imipenem; D002439:Cefotaxime