title: Conditioned taste aversion in rats following intrathecal administration of contrast media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The occurrence of side-effects such as visceral malaise after intrathecal administration of the non-ionic radiography contrast media iomeprol, iopamidol, and iotrolan was assessed in rats by the conditioned tasted aversion procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reduced preference towards a saccharose solution compared with normal water following intraventricular administration of a contrast medium was used as a measure of the aversive response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a dose of 100 mg I/kg none of the tested contrast media induced aversion. At 200 and 300 mg I/kg, both iopamidol and iomeprol induced significant aversive responses with respect to control, although the response of the iomeprol group appeared milder than that of the iopamidol group at a dose of 200 mg I/kg. Iotrolan could be tested only at the lowest dose since the high doses caused excessive mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecally administered iomeprol appeared to be well tolerated in rats at doses higher than those suggested for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Milano Research Centre, Bracco S.p.A., Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Noce
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danieli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tirone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Haën
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C033300:iotrolan; C057937:iomeprol; D007479:Iopamidol