title: Combination immunotherapy with OK-432, recombinant granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and recombinant interleukin-2 for human hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: The antitumor effects of immunotherapy using streptococcal preparations (OK-432), recombinant granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) were examined for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Following subcutaneous injection of OK-432 (2 KE) and rG-CSF (50-60 microg), low-dose intratumoral administration of OK-432 (3-12 KE) was performed. Thereafter, 2 x 10(5) JRU of rIL-2 was subcutaneously injected. This therapeutic regimen was repeated twice. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were markedly decreased in three of seven patients with HCC by this treatment. Post-therapeutic histological examination revealed that trabecular cords or pseudoglandular arrangements of tumor cells were completely disordered in all cases and that extensive infiltration of lymphocytes into the tumor stroma was present in five cases. The number of CD4- and CD57-positive cells among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes after immunotherapy was significantly higher than that in patients without immunotherapy (P <0.01). These findings suggest that even a small intratumoral injection of OK-432 can induce extensive infiltration of helper/inducer and natural killer cells into the tumor stroma when combined with subcutaneous injection of OK-432, rG-CSF and rIL-2 and that these cells might play important roles in tumor cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Himoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeba
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010844:Picibanil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D010844:Picibanil