title: Neurologic sequelae of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in cardiac transplant infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considerable controversy exists experimentally and clinically regarding adverse neurologic effects that may follow deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Moreover, the techniques of DHCA have never been standardized.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studies the neurodevelopmental outcome in 38 infants undergoing cardiac transplantation using DHCA before the age of 4 months (mean age, 37.0 days). Neurodevelopmental outcome in the 22 boys and 16 girls was tested up to 2.5 years after transplantation using Bayley scale of infant development. Bayley scores were compared with the rate of core cooling and the length of DHCA in all patients. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was accomplished using an asanguineous prime resulting in hematocrits of 5% +/- 5% and ionized Ca2+, 0.4 +/- 0.1 mmol/L. No surface precooling was used, but the head was packed in ice. Mean cooling time was 14.0 +/- 3.5 minutes, resulting in rectal temperatures of 18 degrees +/- 2.5 degrees C. Duration of DHCA ranged from 42 to 70 minutes (mean duration, 56.0 +/- 6.6 minutes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperatively, the mean Bayley psychomotor development index was 91 (range, 50 to 130) and mental development index was 88 (range, 50 to 130). No relationship was found between either the rate of cooling or the duration of DHCA and Bayley scores (r = 0.227 and r = 0.322, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that neither the rate of cooling nor DHCA times between 42 and 70 minutes using profoundly low hematocrits and low ionized calcium levels has any measurable effect on neurologic outcome up to 2.5 years postoperatively. It is possible that adverse neurologic outcomes from DHCA reflect particular methods of achieving DHCA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Eke
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gundry
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Chinnock
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Razzouk
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies