title: A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover trial comparing the safety and efficacy of oral sustained-release hydromorphone with immediate-release hydromorphone in patients with cancer pain. Canadian Palliative Care Clinical Trials Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new slow-release preparation of hydromorphone (SRH) in the treatment of cancer pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five adult patients from three Canadian Palliative Care Centers with no evidence of mental impairment received treatment for cancer pain with an oral opioid analgesic. After informed consent was obtained, patients underwent titration to a stable dose of immediate-release hydromorphone (IRH) for 48 hours, and were then randomized to receive IRH or SRH for 5 days in a double-blind basis. During day 6, a crossover took place, and patients received the alternate drug for 5 days. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and ordinal scale (OS). Side effects were assessed using VAS. Patients and investigators made a blinded global rating of efficacy a blinded final choice between SRH and IRH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 75 assessable patients, pain intensity of the VAS and OS were (mean +/- SD) 27 +/- 21 and 1.3 +/- 0.6 on IRH, versus 29 +/- 21 (P = .13) and 1.3 +/- 0.6 (P = .19) on SRH, respectively. The total number of extra doses of opioids, global rating, and final blinded choice by both patients and investigators were not significantly different between IRH and SRH. Differences in side effects were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that SRH is as safe and effective as IRH in the treatment of cancer pain.
authors.affiliation: Division of Palliative Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mount
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suarez-Almazor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010166:Palliative Care
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004091:Hydromorphone