title: Regulators of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in Bacillus subtilis.
abstract: Two Bacillus subtilis genes, designated resD and resE, encode proteins that are similar to those of two-component signal transduction systems and play a regulatory role in respiration. The overlapping resD-resE genes are transcribed during vegetative growth from a very weak promoter directly upstream of resD. They are also part of a larger operon that includes three upstream genes, resABC (formerly orfX14, -15, and -16), the expression of which is strongly induced postexponentially. ResD is required for the expression of the following genes: resA, ctaA (required for heme A synthesis), and the petCBD operon (encoding subunits of the cytochrome bf complex). The resABC genes are essential genes which encode products with similarity to cytochrome c biogenesis proteins. resD null mutations are more deleterious to the cell than those of resE. resD mutant phenotypes, directly related to respiratory function, include streptomycin resistance, lack of production of aa3 or caa3 terminal oxidases, acid accumulation when grown with glucose as a carbon source, and loss of ability to grow anaerobically on a medium containing nitrate. A resD mutation also affected sporulation, carbon source utilization, and Pho regulon regulation. The data presented here support an activation role for ResD, and to a lesser extent ResE, in global regulation of aerobic and anaerobic respiration i B.subtilis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sharkova
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chesnut
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Birkey
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorokin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pujic
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hulett
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis / Q000235:genetics; D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000235:genetics; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003573:Cytochrome b Group / Q000235:genetics; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005804:Genes, Lethal; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D009565:Nitrate Reductases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009876:Operon; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C090098:CtaA protein, bacteria; D003573:Cytochrome b Group; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009565:Nitrate Reductases; D050901:Nitrate Reductase