title: Botulinum A exotoxin use in clinical dermatology.
abstract: Botulinum toxin (BT) prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and produces reversible paralysis of striated muscle. This effect was initially used for ophthalmologic indications, particularly strabismus. The idea of using the toxin for purely cosmetic purposes arose from the observation that therapy for facial dystonias markedly decreased lines and wrinkles in the treated areas. The ease of application, high safety profile, and impressive results from the cosmetic use of BT have led to its rapid acceptance by many clinicians. As use of BT increases and its indications expand, an understanding of this therapeutic modality is timely. This article discusses the pharmacologic aspects of BT as well as the methods for administration as they relate to its cosmetic use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiene
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carruthers
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005098:Exotoxins; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D012449:Safety; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D005098:Exotoxins; D001905:Botulinum Toxins