title: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL): mouse and human HL gene (HMGCL) cloning and detection of large gene deletions in two unrelated HL-deficient patients.
abstract: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL, EC 4.1.3.4) catalyzes the cleavage of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA to acetoacetic acid and acetyl CoA, the final reaction of both ketogenesis and leucine catabolism. Autosomal-recessive HL deficiency in humans results in episodes of hypoketotic hypoglycemia and coma. Using a mouse HL cDNA as a probe, we isolated a clone containing the full-length mouse HL gene that spans about 15 kb of mouse chromosome 4 and contains nine exons. The promoter region of the mouse HL gene contains elements characteristic of a housekeeping gene: a CpG island containing multiple Sp1 binding sites surrounds exon 1, and neither a TATA nor a CAAT box are present. We identified multiple transcription start sites in the mouse HL gene, 35 to 9 bases upstream of the translation start codon. We also isolated two human HL genomic clones that include HL exons 2 to 9 within 18 kb. The mouse and human HL genes (HGMW-approved symbol HMGCL) are highly homologous, with identical locations of intron-exon junctions. By genomic Southern blot analysis and exonic PCR, we found 2 of 33 HL-deficient probands to be homozygous for large deletions in the HL gene.
authors.affiliation: Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wanders
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005796:Genes; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D007652:Oxo-Acid-Lyases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D011061:Poly A / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015183:Restriction Mapping
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D011061:Poly A; D007652:Oxo-Acid-Lyases; C021410:3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase