title: Paclitaxel with mitoxantrone, fluorouracil, and high-dose leucovorin in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: a phase II trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paclitaxel is a highly active single agent in the treatment of breast cancer. However, its optimal incorporation into combination regimens awaits definition. In this phase II study, we added paclitaxel, administered by 1-hour infusion, to a previously described combination regimen that included mitoxantrone, fluorouracil (5-FU), and high-dose leucovorin (NFL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six patients with metastatic breast cancer received the following regimen as first- or second-line treatment: paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 by 1-hour intravenous (i.v.) infusion on day 1, mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2 by i.v. bolus on day 1, 5-FU 350 mg2/m by i.v. bolus on days 1, 2, and 3, and leucovorin 300 mg i.v. over 30 to 60 minutes immediately preceding 5-FU on days 1, 2, and 3. Courses were administered at 3-week intervals for a total of eight courses in responding patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three of 45 assessable patients (51%) had major responses. Previous chemotherapy, and in particular previous treatment with doxorubicin, did not affect response rate. The median response duration was 7.5 months. Myelosuppression was moderately severe, with 76% of courses resulting in grade 3 or 4 leukopenia. Hospitalization for treatment of fever during neutropenia was required in 13% of courses, and two patients died as a result of sepsis. Two patients developed severe congestive heart failure after a large cumulative anthracycline dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This combination regimen was active as first- or second-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer, although its activity compared with other combination regimens or with paclitaxel alone is unclear. Myelosuppression was more severe than anticipated based on previous results with the NFL regimen or with paclitaxel administered at this dose and schedule as a single agent. The infrequent development of cardiotoxicity in these patients suggests that the paclitaxel/mitoxantrone combination may not share the problems previously reported with the paclitaxel/doxorubicin combination.
authors.affiliation: Sarah Cannon-Minnie Pearl Cancer Center Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hainsworth
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Mennel
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Greco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D008942:Mitoxantrone; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil