title: Diffusion of innovative approaches to managing hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the perceptions of outcome and the diffusion into practice of innovative approaches such as palliative surgery and heart transplantation to treat hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A forced-choice questionnaire was sent to 108 US neonatology section heads. Responses were analyzed using Wilcoxon matched pairs, chi 2 analysis, and multivariant logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three questionnaires (86%) were returned. All respondents discussed palliative surgery or transplantation or both with parents; 71 (76%) of 93 also discussed comfort care. Nineteen (24%) of 80 recommended comfort care only, 51 (64%) of 80 recommended surgery only, and 10 (12%) of 80 recommended both. Of the 61 respondents recommending one or both surgical procedures, palliative surgery was recommended by 44 and transplantation by 33. Respondents perceived that transplantation was associated with a lower 1-year mortality than palliative surgery (P < .001) and with a better quality of life (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palliative surgery and transplantation are widely used to treat hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The continued availability of comfort care suggests that these surgical procedures are still in transition from experimental technology to standard of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex., USA.
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garcia-Prats
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Brody
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires