title: Generation of nitric oxide and superoxide during reperfusion after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
abstract: We investigated the levels of nitrosyl hemoglobin (HbNO) in rat jugular blood by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The levels of plasma nitric oxide (NO) end products, nitrate plus nitrate, were compared with the levels of HbNO. Small amounts of HbNO were detected in sham-operated rats (n=4) and those subjected to 2 h of occlusion (n=4), whereas nitrite plus nitrate was increased only in the latter (P<0.01; vs.sham). Upon reperfusion after 2 h of occlusion both HbNO and nitrite plus nitrate clearly increased after 15 min (n=4) and 30 min (n=6) reperfusion (P<0.01; vs.occlusion). Administration of superoxide dismutase (5 mg/kg) significantly increased HbNO (P<0.05) but not plasma nitrate plus nitrate (n=5). The increase in HbNO suppressed by administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (20mg/kg; n=4,P<0.01), and this suppression could be reversed by L-arginine (200 mg/kg) (n=4). The present study clearly showed that the L-arginine-NO synthase pathway was activated during reperfusion after focal cerebral ischemia and indicated the involvement of a reaction between NO and superoxide during early reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kumura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimine
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Iwatsuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kosaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000378:metabolism*; D007601:Jugular Veins; D007700:Kinetics; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015424:Reperfusion; D013481:Superoxides / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006454:Hemoglobins; D009566:Nitrates; C008657:nitrosyl hemoglobin; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester