title: Prenatal ultrasound findings in hydrolethalus: continuing difficulties in diagnosis.
abstract: We present the prenatal ultrasound findings in a case of hydrolethalus. This case illustrates ongoing problems in differentiating hydrolethalus, both pre- and postnatally, from other midline malformation syndromes including Pallister-Hall, Smith-Lemli-Opitz, pseudo-trisomy 13, oral facial-digital syndrome, and Meckel syndrome. Hydrolethalus can also be difficult to distinguish from certain skeletal dysplasias such as the short rib-polydactyly syndromes and campomelic dysplasia. Tests which can aid in diagnosis are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norgard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yankowitz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rhead
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kanis
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D006831:Polyhydramnios / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013577:Syndrome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal