title: Case-control study of sexually transmitted diseases as cofactors for HIV-1 transmission.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between infection with HIV-1 infection and a history of other sexually transmitted diseases (STD). We were able to match 1295 HIV-1 infected patients who attended St Mary's Hospital between 1985 and 1991 with 1273 seronegative controls on gender, sexual orientation, injecting drug use and age at time of test. The cases were 3 times more likely to have a history of ever having had another STD than the controls: multivariate conditional logistic regression showed that, after controlling for sexual behaviour, for known sexual contact with an HIV infected individual or AIDS patient or with a resident from a high HIV prevalence area, area of residence and for year of test, a history of gonorrhoea, syphilis, hepatitis B, genital herpes or genital warts were all significantly associated with HIV-1 seropositive status. These findings reinforce the need for HIV containment strategies to be promoted in conjunction with containment programmes for others STDs.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital and Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandalia
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D015497:HIV-1; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications