title: Stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected cells with superoxide enhances the chemotactic motile response of CD4+ human T cells: implication for virus transmission by cell-to-cell interaction.
abstract: We previously showed that superoxide (O2-) significantly enhanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-induced syncytia formation in co-cultured infected and uninfected human T cells. In this study, we describe a novel chemotactic response of uninfected CD4+ T cells by stimulating infected T cells with O2-. Syncytia formation was amplified only when persistently infected cells were stimulated by O2-. When the infected cells in lower well of microplate were cultured with uninfected cells in the upper well of a Boyden chamber with 8.0 microns pores, uninfected cell migration to the porous membrane was significantly amplified by stimulating infected cells with O2-. In contrast, similar functions were slight under the same assay conditions in the presence of known chemokines such as human RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1 alpha and beta), which all activate T lymphocytes. In addition, it is unlikely that the O2(-)-induced chemotactic response is due to soluble HIV-1 proteins from infected cells or to amplified expression levels of cell surface functional molecules such as CD4 and LFA-1 (CD11a and CD18) as well as HIV-1 Env gp120 on uninfected and/or infected cells. Thus, an unknown chemotactic factor could be generated from infected T cells by stimulation with O2- and it might contribute to viral transmission by activating cell-to-cell interactions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kameoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikuta
mesh_terms: D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology*; D002460:Cell Line; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D013481:Superoxides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D018925:Chemokines; D013481:Superoxides