title: Long-term hepatic regeneration and function in infants and children following liver resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic regeneration and function after resection has been evaluated in adults, but long-term quantitative assessment has not been performed in children. Semiquantitative short-term evaluations, including radioisotope scans, have suggested that hepatic regeneration occurs quickly in children, but the effect of chemotherapy on hepatic regeneration has not been evaluated. Treating hepatoblastoma in children increasingly includes chemotherapy before resection, hence evaluating regeneration is critical.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective evaluation was done of ten children older than one year following anatomic hepatic resection for benign or malignant tumors. Three components were evaluated. First, hepatic function was evaluated by a series of tests of synthetic function. Second, the metabolic function of the liver was evaluated by measuring the hepatic conversion of lidocaine to its breakdown product, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX). Third, hepatic volume was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All children were clinically well at the time of evaluation. Results of tests of synthetic function were essentially normal in all patients. Serum ammonia levels were mildly elevated in six patients. Hepatocellular enzymes were mildly elevated in several children, and the alkaline phosphatase level was mildly elevated in three. A lidocaine infusion study demonstrated normal levels of MEGX in all of the children except one with positive hepatitis C serology. Studies demonstrated that hepatic volumes were below but near the expected levels in most children. Sequential studies in six children demonstrated progressive growth of the livers. No adverse effect on hepatic size was noted in the children who received chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cohort of children had adequate regeneration and function of the liver following hepatic resection. No adverse effect of perioperative chemotherapy could be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Shamberger
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leichtner
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: LaQuaglia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; C001173:monoethylglycinexylidide