title: Reduction of peristaltic artifacts on magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen: a comparative evaluation of three drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peristaltic motion is an omnipresent source of degradation in abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging by blurring images and producing ghost artifacts that can mask or mimic lesions. The objective of this study was to select an effective and easy-to-administer drug to provide consistent reduction of peristaltic motion artifacts on MR images.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-eight adult patients with MR examinations of the abdomen were enrolled in a prospective, single-blind comparative study. Four groups were defined: (a) no-drug control group (n = 35), (b) 1 mg of intravenous (IV) glucagon (n = 19), (c) 20 mg of IV butylscopolamine (n = 28), and (d) 20 mg of oral dicyclomine (n = 66). All patients received high-density barium sulphate as a negative oral contrast medium. Quantitative image analysis was performed with operator-defined region-of-interest measurements of signal intensity. Gastrointestinal noise was measured outside the patient at the posterior part of the left hemiabdomen along the phase-encoding direction on a short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR) sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment groups showed reduced gastrointestinal noise (p < 0.01). When compared with the control group, IV butylscopolamine (p < 0.05) and oral dicyclomine (p < 0.05) significantly reduced gastrointestinal noise, whereas glucagon did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anticholinergic drugs significantly reduced the intensity of ghost artifacts on MR imaging of the abdomen. Twenty milligrams of oral dicyclomine is an effective and safe alternative to more expensive and parenterally administered drugs such as glucagon and butylscopolamine.
authors.affiliation: MRI Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Dr Peset, Avda. Gaspar Aguilar, 90, E-46017 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martí-Bonmatí
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graells
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ronchera-Oms
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000473:pathology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016477:Artifacts; D002086:Butylscopolammonium Bromide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004025:Dicyclomine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D002086:Butylscopolammonium Bromide; D004025:Dicyclomine; D005934:Glucagon