title: A new model for classification of disease manifestations in primary Sjögren's syndrome: evaluation in a retrospective long-term study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical features of 80 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) were revised in order to evaluate the descriptive and analytical facilities of a newly proposed model for classification of the exocrine and nonexocrine disease manifestations in PSS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, long-term (median 7.5 years follow-up) observational, clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were recruited from our Department, which is a tertiary referral centre for PSS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria for keratoconjunctivitis sicca and/or xerostomia and followed between 1972 and 1991 were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had 'surface exocrine disease' and in 31% this was the only disease manifestation. 'Internal organ exocrine disease' was found in 25% of the patients, whilst 2.5% developed 'monoclonal B lymphocyte disease' (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). 28% displayed 'inflammatory vascular disease', 25% 'noninflammatory vascular disease', 41% "mediator-induced disease' and 2.5% 'autoimmune endocrine disease' (thyroiditis). In patients with 'internal organ exocrine disease' the frequencies of "mediator-induced disease' (70%; P < 0.01) and 'inflammatory vascular disease, (50%; P < 0.03) were significantly higher than expected by chance. The level of immunoinflammatory activity (assessed by plasma IgG, serum ANA and focus scoring of minor labial salivary gland biopsies) correlated with the extent of clinical disease as assessed by the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that this theoretically based model for classification of disease manifestations in PSS contains descriptive and analytic powers which may assist the clinical handling of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department TA, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asmussen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bendixen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiødt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oxholm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015551:Autoimmunity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005088:Exocrine Glands; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers