title: Relative fees and the utilization of physicians' services in Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study objective is to estimate the relationship between changes in the relative fee physicians receive for a procedure and the utilization of the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study uses claims-based, procedure-specific, quarterly, aggregate utilization data for physicians in three specialties and four provinces in Canada for the period 1977-1989.
  
  
  METHODS
  The unit of analysis is an individual procedure. Multi-variate regression methods for cross-sectional/times-series data are applied to estimate the utilization-fee relationship while controlling for supply- and demand-side determinants of utilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is no evidence of a strong, uniform utilization response among the 11 procedures analyzed. The results include a mixture of significant and non-significant fee coefficients, and among the significant coefficients, a mixture of signs is observed. The results are consistent with utility-maximizing behaviour by physicians rather than with profit-maximizing behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fact that the direction and degree of the utilization effect associated with changing fees is procedure-specific has direct implications for our ability to develop effective policies to modify physician behaviour that are based primarily on financial incentives, particularly those based on manipulating fees. The study also highlights the limitations of analyses based on aggregate data and suggests methodological approaches that have potential to overcome some of these limitations to fill gaps in our current knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Labelle
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004465:Economic Competition; D004470:Economics, Medical; D005251:Fees, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017059:Models, Econometric; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011907:Rate Setting and Review; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015895:Relative Value Scales; D013038:Specialization; D013997:Time Factors