title: Cerebral structural abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A quantitative morphometric magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A previous pilot study of only posterior brain regions found lower white-matter volume in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder than in normal control subjects. We used new cohorts of patients and matched normal control subjects to study whole-brain volume differences between these groups with magnetic resonance imaging-based morphometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten female patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 10 female control subjects, matched for handedness, age, weight, education, and verbal IQ, underwent magnetic resonance imaging with a 3-dimensional volumetric protocol. Scans were blindly normalized and segmented by means of well-characterized semiautomated intensity contour mapping and differential intensity contour algorithms. Brain structures investigated included the cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, diencephalon, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus amygdala, third and fourth ventricles, corpus callosum, operculum, cerebellum, and brain stem. Anterior to posterior neocortical regions, including precallosum, anterior pericallosum, posterior pericallosum, and retrocallosum, with adjacent white matter were also measured. Volumes found different between groups were correlated with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score and Rey-Osterieth Complex Figure Test measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirming results of our earlier pilot study and expanding the findings to the whole brain, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had significantly less total white matter but, in addition, significantly greater total cortex and opercular volumes. Severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and nonverbal immediate memory correlated with opercular volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Replication of volumetric white-matter differences suggests a widely distributed structural brain abnormality in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Whereas determining the etiogenesis may require research at a microscopic level, understanding its functional significance can be further explored via functional neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jenike
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Breiter
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shera
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keuthen
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Caviness
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Filipek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index