title: Chronic hepatitis C in patients with sickle cell disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody in patients with sickle cell disease and to analyze the nature of chronic liver disease in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 99 patients attending a comprehensive sickle cell and thalassemia program at the Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, participated in the study. Eighty-five patients had sickle cell anemia (ss), eight had sickle C disease (sc), and six had sickle B thalassemia. History of blood transfusion, i.v. drug use, homosexuality, and alcohol abuse was obtained with a questionnaire and chart review. All patients were screened for HCV antibody by a first generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All positive results were confirmed with radioimmunoblot assay II (RIBA II). Patients were also checked for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen. ALT levels were measured, and percutaneous liver biopsies were performed in patients positive for HCV antibody and greater than 1.5 times the normal ALT levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibody to HCV was detected in 10/99 patients (10.10%). Seven of 30 patients (23.33%) who received more than 10 U of packed red blood cells were positive for HCV antibody. Only 3/38 (7.9%) patients with less than 10 U of packed red blood cells in the past were positive for HCV antibody. None of the patients who never received blood transfusion were positive for HCV antibody (0/31 or 0%). A total of seven liver biopsies were performed in patients positive for HCV antibody. Two out of seven specimens (28.57%) showed significant liver damage. One revealed cirrhosis, and the other showed chronic active hepatitis. The remainder of liver biopsies (5/7; 71.42%) showed only mild portal inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HCV antibody is directly related to the number of blood transfusions in patients with sickle cell disease. Chronic HCV infection could be a major cause of cirrhosis of the liver in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11238, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellevue
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dosik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suatengco
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications*; D001706:Biopsy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006450:Hemoglobin SC Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies