title: Heller myotomy via minimal-access surgery. An evaluation of antireflux procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myotomy offers the best known cure for achalasia and can now be performed via minimal-access surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the questions of surgical approach for Heller myotomy and choice of fundoplication in the setting of minimal-access surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine patients with achalasia underwent Heller myotomy via either thoracoscopy or laparoscopy, with either a Dor or a Toupet fundoplication (Heller-Dor and Heller-Toupet procedures, respectively). Manometry, pH analysis, and clinical course were evaluated 3 to 9 months after surgery. Clinical course was reviewed at 11 to 46 months after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnosis of achalasia was based on history and physical examination, contrast radiography, stationary manometry, and 24-hour pH analysis. All patients participated in the clinical evaluations. Twenty-two patients consented to postoperative manometry and 18 to postoperative pH analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thoracoscopic Heller-Dor procedures (n = 4), laparoscopic Heller-Dor procedures (n = 6), and laparoscopic Heller-Toupet procedures (n = 29).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital stay and recovery time were compared between thoracoscopic and laparoscopic groups. Decrease in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure, 24-hour esophageal pH, postoperative symptoms, and overall satisfaction were compared between the Dor and Toupet groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 1 patient was dissatisfied with the experience. Patients undergoing thoracoscopy had a longer convalescence. No postoperative reflux was identified, although some patients complained of heartburnlike symptoms. Dysphagia and heartburn were more prevalent among patients with Dor fundoplication than among patients with Toupet fundoplication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimal-access myotomy is an excellent intervention for achalasia. The preferred approach is via laparoscopy. Our experience has led us to favor the Toupet over the Dor fundoplication after myotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Neb, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raiser
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perdikis
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hinder
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Swanstrom
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Filipi
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katada
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Neary
mesh_terms: D002299:Cardia / Q000601:surgery*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000601:surgery*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods*; D006356:Heartburn / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008365:Manometry; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D013997:Time Factors