title: Naltrexone as a treatment for repetitive self-injurious behaviour:an open-label trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repetitive self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a dangerous and often treatment-refractory syndrome encountered frequently in clinical practice. The authors sought to determine if oral naltrexone could decrease SIB in a sample of adult psychiatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven female patients with SIB accompanied by analgesia and dysphoria reduction were administered oral naltrexone (50 mg/day) in an open-label trial. All patients demonstrated persistent and clinically significant SIB prior to receiving the drug. Mean follow-up period was 10.7 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SIB in six of seven patients ceased entirely during naltrexone treatment. Two patients who discontinued naltrexone briefly experienced the rapid resumption of SIB, which again ceased after resumption of naltrexone therapy. One patient exhibited superficial cutting on two occasions while receiving naltrexone, a rate that reflected a significant reduction of SIB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the endogenous opioid system is involved in cases of SIB that are accompanied by analgesia and dysphoria reduction. Additional placebo-controlled studies that explore the effectiveness of naltrexone in treating patients with this syndrome are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ostroff
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D012008:Recurrence; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009271:Naltrexone