title: Emerging epidemic of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the Northern Territory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the epidemiology of WA MRSA (the recently recognised Western Australian strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in the north of the Northern Territory (NT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective survey of data from hospital records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Royal Darwin Hospital (a tertiary referral hospital that serves the north of the NT) between January 1991 and July 1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  All inpatients with clinical MRSA infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of MRSA infection, classification of MRSA as WA or EA (Eastern Australian) based on antibiotic susceptibility, patient demographic details (age, sex, ethnicity, region of residence), source of infection (nosocomial or community-acquired).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 125 WA MRSA and 93 EA MRSA infections, comprising 7% of all S. aureus infections. The incidence of WA MRSA infections consistently increased, while that of EA MRSA initially fell and then increased. All EA MRSA infections were nosocomial, while 50% of WA MRSA infections were community-acquired. Rates of WA MRSA infections were highest in patients from the west region of the NT, adjacent to the Kimberley region of Western Australia (WA). Community-acquired WA MRSA infections were more likely to affect Aboriginals than non-Aboriginals (relative risk [RR], 25.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.51-53.47, based on population data; RR, 15.43; 95% CI, 7.85-30.32, based on admission data), as were nosocomial EA MRSA infections (RR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.44-4.47, based on population data; RR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.52-3.46, based on admission data).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in the epidemiology of MRSA infection in the north of the NT are consistent with the hypothesis that community-acquired WA MRSA spread into and across the NT from the Kimberley region of WA. Alternatively, crowded living conditions, hygiene difficulties and increasing use of broad spectrum antibiotics may have led to independent emergence of WA MRSA in both regions. Current infection control policies and their use in rural Aboriginal communities must be reassessed.
authors.affiliation: Royal Darwin Hospital, NT.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Boustead
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Currie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D015876:Northern Territory / Q000453:epidemiology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D000095283:Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples