title: Anxiety and depression in general practitioners: associations with type of parctice, fundholding, gender and other personal characteristics
abstract: Background. There is evidence both that a doctor's own well-being is closely associated with efficiency and positive attitude to patients, and that levels of stress, anxiety and depression in doctors are rising. Objective. This postal survey aimed to measure anxiety and depression levels in general practitioners in 1994 and identify any associations with personal and practice characteristics. Method. All general practitioners with patients in Staffordshire were invited to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Results. Six hundred and twenty of 896 general practitioners replied (response rate 69%). No gender differences were found in rates of anxiety and depression; overall, 19% of respondents were 'cases' of depression and 16% others had borderline depression scores. Anxiety 'caseness' was associated with living alone, amount of on-call duties undertaken, and being fourth/fifth wave fundholders. Depression 'caseness' was associated with having little free time from practice work, amount of on-call, being single handed, and working in a non-training practice. Conclusions. The authors concluded that the level of mental ill-health in general practitioners is a matter of concern and is associated with workload. Keywords. Anxiety, depression, general practitioners, personal characteristics, practice characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Primary Health Care, School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke Health Centre, Honeywall, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7JB, UK
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Campbell