title: Clinical significance of bone marrow metastases as detected using the polymerase chain reaction in patients with breast cancer undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluates the clinical significance of detection of cytokeratin 19 (K19) in the bone marrow of patients with breast cancer undergoing high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied retrospectively cryopreserved bone marrow aspirates from 83 patients with high-risk stage II, III, and IV breast cancer obtained before bone marrow harvest but after induction chemotherapy. All samples were histologically negative for metastases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for K19 was performed according to methods described previously and results were correlated with the probability of relapse following HDCT and ABMT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of occult metastases as defined by PCR for K19 message was 52% for 19 stage II, 57% for 14 stage III, and 82% for 50 stage IV patients (two-tailed P = .0075, chi 2 test). The probability of relapse at 3 years after ABMT was 32% and 94% for K19-positive stage II/III and stage IV patients, respectively, versus 10% and 14% for K19-negative stage II/III and stage IV patients, respectively. The difference was significant for stage IV patients (two-tailed P = .0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been shown that PCR is a highly sensitive method to detect K19 message in the bone marrow. The incidence of K19 positivity in bone marrow increases significantly with advancing stage. In patients with breast cancer, especially metastatic breast cancer, undergoing HDCT and ABMT, the presence of K19 is associated with a poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa 33612, USA. fields@moffitt.usf.edu
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Elfenbein
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Trudeau
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Moscinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins; D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide