title: Doses to workers in the United States nuclear weapons program due to external irradiation at the dawn of the atomic era (1940-1960).
abstract: Radiation doses to workers at the Manhattan Engineer District (MED) and Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) sites due to external irradiation during 1940-1960 are reviewed. Categorized radiation dose data were available from AEC annual reports for some years. Annual individual radiation dose data for nine MED/AEC sites for all years were available from the U.S. Department of Energy's Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data Resource. These data are combined to produce an estimate of external collective dose equivalent to 1,720 person-Sv for 1940-1960. During this period there were 19 criticality incidents; 41 persons in a workforce of several hundred thousand were accidentally overexposed in these and other incidents, including three men who died due to acute radiation syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Department, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Swinth
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Pettengill
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009689:Nuclear Warfare; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States