title: Exocytosis coupled to mobilization of intracellular calcium by muscarine and caffeine in rat chromaffin cells.
abstract: We used cultured rat chromaffin cells to test the hypothesis that Ca2+ entry but not release from internal stores is utilized for exocytosis. Two protocols were used to identify internal versus external Ca2+ sources: (a) Ca2+ surrounding single cells was transiently displaced by applying agonist with or without Ca2+ from an ejection pipette. (b) Intracellular stores of Ca2+ were depleted by soaking cells in Ca2+ -free plus 1 mM EGTA solution before transient exposure to agonist plus Ca2+. Exocytosis from individual cells was measured by microelectrochemical detection, and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured by indo-1 fluorescence. KCl (35 mM) and nicotine (10 microM) caused an immediate increase in [Ca2+]i and secretion in cells with or without internal Ca2+ stores, but only when applied with Ca2+ in the ejection pipette. Caffeine (10 mM) and muscarine (30 microM) evoked exocytosis whether or not Ca2+ was included in the pipette, but neither produced responses in cells depleted of internal Ca2+ stores. Pretreatment with ryanodine (0.1 microM) inhibited caffeine- but not muscarine-stimulated responses. Elevated [Ca2+]i and exocytosis exhibited long latency to onset after stimulation by caffeine (2.9 +/- 0.38 s) or muscarine (2.2 +/- 0.25 s). However, the duration of caffeine-evoked exocytosis (7.1 +/- 0.8 s) was significantly shorter than that evoked by muscarine (33.1 +/- 3.5 s). The duration of caffeine-evoked exocytosis was not affected by changing the application period between 0.5 and 30 s. An approximately 20-s refractory period was found between repeated caffeine-evoked exocytosis bursts even though [Ca2+]i continued to be elevated. However, muscarine or nicotine could evoke exocytosis during the caffeine refractory period. We conclude that muscarine and caffeine mobilize different internal Ca2+ stores and that both are coupled to exocytosis in rat chromaffin cells. The nicotinic component of acetylcholine action depends primarily on influx of external Ca2+. These results and conclusions are consistent with our original observations in the perfused adrenal gland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Przywara
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wakade
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wakade
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002838:Chromaffin System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D007700:Kinetics; D009116:Muscarine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D012433:Ryanodine; D002110:Caffeine; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D009116:Muscarine; C048960:indo-1; D002118:Calcium