Regulation of human cytomegalovirus by retinoic acid.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may opportunistically use retinoic acid (RA), a physiologically essential control molecule of cellular differentiation, to advance its own replication. At present, it is not clear whether RA stimulation of HCMV replication is exclusively a differentiation driven event. We report that exposure of permissively infected primary human foreskin fibroblast cells to RA transcriptionally activates the viral major immediate-early promoter (MIEP) and enhances the production of infectious particles. These experiments implicate a direct involvement of RA in modulating HCMV activation.
Angulo
A
A
Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
Ghazal
P
P
D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
D014212:Tretinoin