title: Changes in chromatin condensation of human spermatozoa during epididymal transit as determined by flow cytometry.
abstract: Inasmuch as caput epididymal and even testicular spermatozoa are now being used to generate pregnancies by direct injection into the oocyte, differences in the chromatin of spermatozoa from proximal and distal locations in the epididymis were studied. Acridine Orange staining was used to investigate chromatin structure in human spermatozoa which had left the testis and were undergoing maturation in the epididymis. Measurement of green and red fluorescence intensities of human spermatozoa by flow cytometry demonstrated a decrease in binding of Acridine Orange to DNA as the spermatozoa traversed the epididymis. Using spermatozoa from the cauda epididymis as the standard, the percentages of spermatozoa from the efferent duct, proximal corpus epididymis, midcorpus epididymis, distal corpus epididymis, proximal cauda epididymis and distal cauda epididymis that had matured with regard to chromatin condensation were 28 +/- 5, 39 +/- 3, 49 +/- 5, 64 +/- 5, 69 +/- 6 and 74 +/- 4% respectively. It may be concluded that eggs fertilized by ejaculated spermatozoa receive a more highly condensed form of chromatin than that received by eggs inseminated with proximal epididymal or testicular spermatozoa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Interdepartmental Equipment Facility, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Golan
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oschry
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oberpenning
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shochat
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lewin
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002843:Chromatin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004822:Epididymis / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D000165:Acridine Orange