title: Diagnostic angioscintigraphic evaluation of malignant hepatic tumors before catheter embolization: determination of shunt, flow distribution, and reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitatively arteriovenous shunts in malignant liver tumors by injection of 99mTc macroaggregates of albumin (MAA) into the tumor-feeding artery after selective catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 40 patients with malignant liver tumors (33 hepatocellular carcinomas and 7 metastases of colorectal cancer), a mean dose of 200 MBq 99mTC MAA was injected arterially during angiography. The embolized area and the lungs were then visualized using a gamma camera. A dedicated computer program calculated pulmonary shunt rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients (n = 30) with hepatocellular carcinoma showed small shunts varying from 0 to 15%; only 3 of these patients had shunts ranging from 18% to 37%. In patients with colorectal carcinoma metastases (n = 7) the shunt varied from 0 to 3% (2 +/- 1%), probably due to a physiological shunt in normal liver tissue in the embolized area. Importantly, the degree of shunt found bore no correlation to the tumor volume or to the pattern of vascularity on angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnostic angioscintigraphy is a useful tool for pretherapeutic evaluation of the capacity of an individual tumor to retain particles and to measure extratumoral shunting; these are essential for therapy planning, as they can help to increase the safety and effectiveness of embolization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital and University of Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Walser
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Haldemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rösler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koranda
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kinser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Triller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011875:Radionuclide Angiography; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012984:Software; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin
chemical_list: D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin