title: Video-assisted mitral valve operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Video-assisted endoscopy has been applied frequently in the management of a variety of surgical diseases. However, it has rarely been applied in mitral valve surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 2 patients who received emergency operations for thrombosis of a mitral prosthesis (patient 1, a 68-year-old man) and acute mitral regurgitation due to rupture of anterior chordae (patient 2, a 75-year-old woman). They both had severe congestive heart failure. Cardiogenic shock was noted in patient 2. The mitral valve was approached through a right anterior minithoracotomy with the aid of an endoscope by means of projected images on the video monitor under femorofemoral cardiopulmonary bypass. The aorta was not cross-clamped, and the myocardium was protected by continuous coronary perfusion with hypothermic fibrillatory arrest. The left atrium was entered posterior to the interatrial groove. Thrombectomy and mitral valve repair were performed successfully.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of extracorporeal circulation was 204 and 147 minutes, respectively. Both patients recovered from the operation rapidly with uneventful postoperative courses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary results suggest that video-assisted endoscopic cardiac surgery is technically feasible and could be performed in the milieu of open heart surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002815:Chordae Tendineae / Q000473:pathology; D004630:Emergencies; D004724:Endoscopy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000601:surgery*; D006341:Heart Rupture / Q000150:complications; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000601:surgery; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D013908:Thoracotomy; D017131:Thrombectomy; D014741:Video Recording