title: Can clinical parameters help reliably predict the onset of acute intracranial hemorrhage in infants receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether clinical parameters can be used to help predict the onset of acute intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in infants receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed cranial sonograms and intensive care unit data for 53 neonates treated with ECMO for intractable cardiorespiratory insufficiency. Thirty-nine boys and 14 girls were treated between February 1988 and June 1993. Gestational age ranged from 34 to 43.5 weeks (mean, 39.2 weeks). Birth weights ranged from 2,200 to 4,650 g (mean, 3,310 g). Multiple clinical variables were subjected to statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 38 patients without ICH, 10 with early ICH (within 72 hours after cannulation), and five with late ICH (more than 72 hours after cannulation). Analysis with bivariate scatterplots revealed almost complete overlap in the clinical parameters for patients in these three categories. Thus, use of individual variables to predict acute ICH was impractical.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No clinical parameters helped adequately distinguish patients who developed ICH from those who did not.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Imaging, White II, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: De Sanctis
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bramson
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Blickman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial