title: Human immunodeficiency virus-induced cell death in cytokine-treated macrophages can be prevented by compounds that inhibit late stages of viral replication.
abstract: The basis of the cytopathic effect induced by a laboratory strain and several clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in human macrophages cultured in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor was studied. Infected macrophages die of necrosis, the consequence of the production of mature virions in infected cells. Cell death can be prevented by antiviral compounds that interfere with the assembly and budding of virions. Programmed cell death (apoptosis), a potential mechanism of HIV-mediated cell death in CD4 T lymphocytes, does not occur in infected macrophages as shown by electron microscopy, cytofluorometric and gel electrophoretic DNA analysis, and nuclear fluorescent staining by Hoechst and terminal dUTP-nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. The data suggest that macrophage killing by HIV may occur in vivo. Thus, combination therapies that include compounds that inhibit the cytopathic effect of HIV in macrophages should be considered for AIDS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergamini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capozzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghibelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Placido
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faggioli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salanitro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buonanno
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cappannoli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cepparulo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falasca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rocchi
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D015726:Giant Cells; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004247:DNA