title: Bone remodeling indices and secondary hyperparathyroidism in celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and to assess bone turnover by using markers of bone formation and resorption in celiac disease (CD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients with CD were investigated: group 1, newly diagnosed celiacs (n = 19); group 2, treated celiacs responding histologically to a gluten-free diet (n = 16); group 3, refractory celiacs, unresponsive to a gluten-free diet and immunosuppressive therapy (n = 8). Serum was drawn for intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], ionized calcium (Cai), total alkaline phosphatase (AP), and biochemical markers of bone formation: procollagen I carboxyterminal propeptide (PICP) and osteocalcin (Oc). Urinary indices of bone resorption, deoxypyridinoline (DPD), pyridinoline (PyD), and hydroxyproline (OHP), were measured in a 2-h fasting urine. In 22 patients, computerized tomographic scan for bone mineral density (BMD) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, of hypovitaminosis D (< 50 nmol/L) was 58%, 25%, and 88%, and the prevalence of SHPT (> 5.4 pmol/L) was 25%, 19%, and 25%. Bone resorption markers were significantly elevated in all groups, and bone formation indices were elevated in the newly diagnosed celiacs compared with a group of healthy adults. Low BMD (T-score greater than -1 SD unit) was found in 68% of patients assessed; 36% of patients had a T-score greater than -2.5 SD units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypovitaminosis D and SHPT are common in newly diagnosed and refractory celiacs but are less common in those who respond to a gluten-free diet. Newly diagnosed patients have a high bone turnover state with elevation of both bone formation and resorption indices. Those with refractory disease demonstrate a remodeling imbalance with high bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Keaveny
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freaney
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masterson
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015519:Bone Density; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005983:Glutens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005983:Glutens