title: The human histidine decarboxylase promoter is regulated by gastrin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate through a downstream cis-acting element.
abstract: Transcriptional regulation of the human histidine decarboxylase (HDC) gene by gastrin and the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was studied using transient transfection of human HDC promoter-luciferase constructs in a human gastric carcinoma cell line (AGS-B) that expresses the human cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor. The transcriptional activity of the human HDC promoter was stimulated 3-4-fold by gastrin and 13-fold by PMA, effects that could be blocked by down-regulation or antagonism of protein kinase C. 5'- and 3'-deletion analysis demonstrated that the sequence responsible for gastrin- and PMA-stimulated transactivation (gastrin response element (GAS-RE)) was located in a region (+2 to +24) downstream of the transcriptional start site (+1) in the human HDC promoter and contained a palindrome (5'-CCCTTTAAATAAAGGG-3'). When ligated upstream of the herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase promoter, a single copy of the GAS-RE was sufficient to confer responsiveness to gastrin and PMA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with specific competitors and factor-specific antibody supershifts showed that the labeled GAS-RE bound a novel nuclear factor(s). In addition, both gastrin and PMA increased binding of this factor to the GAS-RE. Hence, the palindromic GAS-RE site is sufficient to explain the gastrin/PMA responsiveness of the human HDC promoter and appears to bind a novel transcription factor.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Höcker
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D015698:Genomic Library; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005755:Gastrins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D008156:Luciferases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate