title: B cell clonality in gastric lymphoid tissues of patients with Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the stomach and of a possible antigen driven proliferation, in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty one patients with primary SS and 80 dyspeptic controls underwent upper endoscopy. Lymphoid tissue and Helicobacter pylori were assessed by histopathological analysis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) genome were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification. Two PCR VDJ procedures were used to detect immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Organised MALT was found in 33.3% of the patients, compared with 21.5% of the controls (NS). H pylori infection was seen in 71% of patients and 63% of controls. Genomic EBV or HHV-6 was found in a minor portion of SS gastric tissues. B cell expansion was detected in nine of the 21 patients. Infectious agents in the stomach might have contributed to B cell clonality only in 55.5% of the cases. No strict relationship was found between lymphoid follicles and clonality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphoid accumulation in the gastric mucosa is common in Sjögren's syndrome, but full evidence for an antigen driven B cell expansion could not be demonstrated. Only a portion of those with clonal B cell expansion had evidence of an infectious agent. Other unknown infectious agents or factors related to the underlying disease (autoantigen) and its tissue environment may have a further role as possible causes of B clonal expansion in the gastric mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ferraccioli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sorrentino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Vita
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casatta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Labombarda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Avellini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolcetti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Luca
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Beltrami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boiocchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bartoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D002999:Clone Cells; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics; D015654:Herpesvirus 6, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D013270:Stomach / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*