title: Serologic and polymerase chain reaction analysis of intraocular fluids in the diagnosis of infectious uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infectious uveitis entities are usually rapidly progressive blinding diseases that can be prevented by prompt administration of specific antimicrobial therapy. With the aim of improving early diagnosis in patients with infectious uveitis, intraocular fluid samples from patients with sight-threatening posterior uveitis were investigated to determine the causative agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and retinitis, eight immunosuppressed patients with retinitis, 16 immunocompetent patients with acute retinal necrosis, and 22 immunocompetent patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of herpesviruses and Toxoplasma gondii DNA and for local antibody production against these microorganisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with AIDS and retinitis, polymerase chain reaction was positive for cytomegalovirus DNA in 21 (91%) of the 23 ocular fluid samples obtained during active cytomegalovirus retinitis, whereas local antibody production analysis was negative in all cases. In acute retinal necrosis, varicella-zoster virus or herpes simplex virus could be established as the inciting agent in 81% of the cases, using the combination of both techniques. Polymerase chain reaction was positive in all samples obtained within two weeks after the onset of disease. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in 4 of 13 samples (31%) from immuno-competent patients with active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis; in each case, local antibody production was also detected. In contrast, no local antibody production was observed in two of three samples from transplant recipients that were positive for T. gondii DNA. All the control samples tested were negative for the above-mentioned tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with AIDS, polymerase chain reaction analysis is preferable above local antibody production in detecting the inciting agent of retinitis. In other cases, the combination of both techniques can make a valuable contribution to the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruinenberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothova
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Baarsma
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van der Lelij
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ooyman
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bollemeijer
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Derhaag
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kijlstra
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012173:Retinitis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D012698:Serologic Tests; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014126:Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D015866:Uveitis, Posterior / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004279:DNA, Viral