title: Ocular adenovirus gene transfer varies in efficiency and inflammatory response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of adenoviral gene transfer to the tissues of the anterior segment in vitro by rat and monkey lens organ cultures and in vivo by single injection into the anterior chamber of rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro, intact lens cultures were exposed to 1 to 4 x 10(8) pfu Av1LacZ4 and Av1Luc1 in TC199 medium containing no serum or growth factors. Av1LacZ4 and Av1Luc1 are replication-deficient adenovirus vectors, carrying the reporter genes Escherichia coli LacZ and firefly luciferase, respectively. In vivo, the anterior chambers of eight rabbits were injected once with 20 mumol Av1LacZ4 (8 x 10(8) pfu) and evaluated 48 hours after injection. Enzyme activity of the reporter genes was measured biochemically and histochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In organ cultures, adenovirus delivers reporter genes efficiently to the ciliary processes but penetrates poorly into the capsulated lenses. Viral receptors, however, are present in rat lens epithelium, as in primary trabecular meshwork and other lens cell lines. In vivo, gene transfer was evident in corneal endothelium, iris anterior surface, and trabecular meshwork. Presence of the virus did not affect lens transparency or provoke external discomfort signs. Infected corneal endothelial cells were swollen and partly detached; 3 of 8 infected eyes showed a severe inflammatory response in chamber angle, anterior uvea, and limbal conjunctiva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reveal the distinct gene transfer potential of each of the tissues of the anterior segment and emphasize the need to address the inflammatory response to these first-generation adenoviral vectors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mechanisms of Ocular Diseases, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Borrás
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Tamm
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zigler
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000378:metabolism; D003673:Defective Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007763:Lac Operon / Q000502:physiology*; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000378:metabolism; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008156:Luciferases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase