title: Factors influencing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission by blood transfusion. Transfusion Safety Study Group.
abstract: One hundred thirty-two recipients of blood components that retrospectively tested positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) were identified. Fourteen (11%) remained seronegative throughout follow-up. Donor and recipient characteristics that could have influenced transmission were examined. Attributes did not differ for infected and uninfected recipients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from uninfected recipients were HIV-1-negative by DNA amplification and culture but were susceptible to in vitro infection. Transmitting and nontransmitting donors at donation differed only for HIV-1 RNA positivity. By immunocapture reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, 6 of 11 transmitters and 0 of 11 nontransmitters tested RNA-positive (P = .02). A more sensitive quantitative RNA assay detected RNA in all donation sera, but median levels were higher in transmitting than nontransmitting sera (P = .01). Median CD4 cell counts were lower for transmitting than nontransmitting donors at enrollment (P = .02). Level of viremia is an important determinant of HIV infection by blood transfusion.
authors.affiliation: Irwin Memorial Blood Centers, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Operskalski
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mosley
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henrard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Stram
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000635:transmission*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001782:Blood Donors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase