title: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the flow in a human left heart by using magnetic resonance phase velocity encoding.
abstract: Intraventricular flows have been correlated with disease and are of interest to cardiologists as a possible means of diagnosis. This study extends a method that use magnetic resonance (MR) to measure the three-dimensional nature of these flows. Four coplanar, sagittal MR slices were located that spanned the left ventricle of a healthy human. All three velocity components were measured in each slice and 18 phases were obtained per beat. With use of the MR magnitude images, masks were created to isolate the velocity data within the heart. These data were read into the software package, Data Visualizer, and the data from the four slices were aligned so as to reconstruct the three-dimensional volume of the left ventricle and atrium. By representing the velocity in vectorial form, the three-dimensional intraventricular flow field was visualized. This revealed the presence of one large line vortex in the ventricle during late diastole but a more ordered flow during early diastole and systole. In conclusion, the use of MR velocity acquisition is a suitable method to obtain the complex intraventricular flow fields in humans and may lead to a better understanding of the importance of these flows.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0100, USA.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Cranney
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delatore
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rectenwald
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pohost
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Yoganathan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*