title: Systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis requires salicylic acid but not ethylene.
abstract: Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible plant response to infection by a necrotizing pathogen. In the induced plant, SAR provides broad-spectrum protection against not only the inducing pathogen, but also against other, unrelated pathogens. Both salicylic acid (SA) and SAR-gene expression have been implicated as playing important roles in the initiation and maintenance of SAR. Here, we describe the characterization of transgenic Arabidopsis plants that express the bacterial nahG gene encoding salicylate hydroxylase, an enzyme that can metabolize SA. Strong, constitutive expression of this gene prevents pathogen-induced accumulation of SA and the activation of SAR by exogenous SA. We show that SAR in Arabidopsis can be induced by inoculation with Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato against infection by a challenge inoculation with Peronospora parasitica. This response is abolished in transgenic, nahG-expressing Arabidopsis, but not in ethylene-insensitive mutants. These experiments support the critical role of SA in SAR and show that ethylene sensitivity is not required for SAR induction. The NahG Arabidopsis plants will be important for future studies aimed at understanding the role of SA in plant disease resistance mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Unit, CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weymann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vernooij
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uknes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ryals
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007539:Isonicotinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010935:Plant Diseases; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis; D012459:Salicylates / Q000378:metabolism*; D020156:Salicylic Acid
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D007539:Isonicotinic Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant; D012459:Salicylates; C077261:2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid; C036216:ethylene; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C022619:salicylate 1-monooxygenase; D020156:Salicylic Acid