title: Field edge smoothing for multileaf collimators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To smooth the scalloped dose pattern that occurs for stepped leaves at a treatment field edge defined by a multileaf collimator.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fields with centers shifted slightly in space were superimposed to blur the staggered dose distribution at the field edge. Film dosimetry was used to monitor changes. The dose distribution for a single field position was compared to the distribution for one and three shifts. Three depths were examined and divergent alloy blocks were included in the comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The structure that appears at an edge for a single field when leaves are staggered was nearly eliminated when the field was shifted three times to give a total of four different positions. However, shifting the field one time so that two fields were superimposed gave an intermediate result with only slight improvement in the undulating dose distribution. For the four superimposed fields, the 50% isodose pattern converged to a smoothed line running along the center of the original undulating pattern. The 80 and 20% isodoses did not converge to the center of their scalloped patterns. Instead, these isodose lines were spread leaving a larger penumbra width than a divergent alloy block.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shifting and adding fields is an effective method for smoothing the staggered dose distribution that results when the leaves of a multileaf collimator are stepped to form an irregular field pattern. However, the width of the penumbra for the combined fields is wider than the penumbra for a cerrobend block.
authors.affiliation: NYU Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Galvin
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage