title: Expression of insulin-like growth factor II in female breast cancer as related to established prognostic factors and long-term prognosis.
abstract: The expression of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) was analysed immunohistochemically in a series of 211 breast cancers with special reference to standard prognostic factors and patient survival. IGF-II was expressed both in the cancer cells and in stromal cells, in 84% and 50% of cases, respectively. IGF-II expression in cancer cells was related to a non-metastatic disease at diagnosis (p = 0.03), low tumour grade (p = 0.02), DNA diploidy (p = 0.02) and S-phase fraction under 7% (p = 0.001). IGF-II negativity was positively correlated to morphometric SD of nuclear area (p = 0.0003), nuclear perimetry (p = 0.002), SD of nuclear perimetry (p = 0.02), minimum nuclear diameter (p = 0.005) and maximum nuclear diameter (p = 0.003). The expression of IGF-II in stromal cells was related to low histological grade (p = 0.02), mitotic index under 10/mm2 (p = 0.01), mild nuclear pleomorphism (p = 0.03), DNA diploidy (p = 0.08), SD of nuclear area (p = 0.006), mean nuclear perimeter (p = 0.05), minimum nuclear diameter (p = 0.005) and maximum nuclear diameter (p = 0.007) in that the nuclear factor values were higher in tumours without stromal IGF-II expression. In univariate and multivariate survival analysis, immunohisto-chemically detected expression of IGF-II had no independent prognostic value over standard prognostic factors. Despite the fact that expression of IGF-II was inversely related to several histopathological features of malignancy, the clinical behaviour of breast cancer seemed to be independent of IGF-II expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Toropainen
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lipponen
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Syrjanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II