title: Effects of sex hormones on protein and collagen content of the temporomandibular joint disc of the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of sex hormones on the protein and collagen content of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc of adult male and female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-four Wistar rats were assigned to 14 groups of 12 each. Two groups, one female and one male, served as a control and received no treatment, and two other groups (one female and one male) received a sham gonadectomy and placebo hormone. The remaining 10 groups (five males and five females) received either orchiectomy or ovariectomy, followed by administration of estrogen, progesterone, combined estrogen and progesterone, or testosterone. The total protein and collagen content of the TMJ disc were determined using the calorimetric hydroxyproline method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The collagen content of TMJ discs of control males was statistically greater than the collagen content of the control female rats. This difference disappeared after ovariectomy of females and orchiectomy of males. Also, there was a general trend for a decrease in collagen and protein content to be produced by estrogen, progesterone, and by estrogen combined with progesterone in castrated male and female rats, and by orchiectomy of male rats. There was also a trend toward an increase in collagen and protein content after ovariectomy in female rats and administration of testosterone to castrated male and female rats. However, the only statistically significant effect of the drugs tested was that of estrogen combined with progesterone in ovariectomized female rats (a lowering effect on the total protein) and of estrogen alone in orchiectomized male rats (a lowering effect on the collagen content).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steroid sex hormones have an effect on the collagen and protein content of the TMJ disc of the rat as indicated by the difference in the values between control males and females and by the disappearance of this difference on castration of both male and female animals. This was also manifested by the significant effect of estradiol on collagen content of castrated males, by the effect of estrogen combined with progesterone on the protein content of castrated females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Abubaker
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hebda
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Gunsolley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002151:Calorimetry; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D009555:Ninhydrin; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010919:Placebos; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012737:Sex Factors; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004967:Estrogens; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010919:Placebos; D011506:Proteins; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D003094:Collagen; D009555:Ninhydrin; D006909:Hydroxyproline