title: Postoperative analgesia by continuous extradural infusion of ropivacaine after upper abdominal surgery.
abstract: Ropivacaine is a new local anaesthetic with advantages that suggest an important role in the provision of postoperative analgesia. The main aim of this study was to investigate the dose-response relationship of extradural infusion of ropivacaine. We studied 36 ASA I-III patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery during general anaesthesia and extradural block (catheter insertion at T6-9) using 0.5% ropivacaine in a randomized, double-blind study. After surgery nine patients each received an extradural infusion of either ropivacaine 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% or saline at a rate of 10 ml h-1 for 21 h. All patients had access to i.v. morphine via a PCA device. The ropivacaine groups consumed significantly less morphine over the 21-h infusion period than the saline group (medians: saline 75 mg; 0.1% ropivacaine 32 mg; 0.2% ropivacaine 39 mg; 0.3% ropivacaine 13 mg) (P < 0.05). Pain (VAS scores) at rest was significantly lower in all ropivacaine groups than in the saline group after 4 h of infusion (medians: saline 45 mm; 0.1% ropivacaine 15 mm; 0.2% ropivacaine 12 mm; 0.3% ropivacaine 0 mm). Pain on coughing was significantly less in all ropivacaine groups than in the saline group after 4 h infusion (medians: saline 67 mm; 0.1% ropivacaine 44 mm; 0.2% ropivacaine 33 mm; 0.3% ropivacaine 0 mm) and for 0.2% and 0.3% ropivacaine at later times. Motor block was negligible throughout the infusion. Patient satisfaction was higher in the 0.2% and 0.3% ropivacaine groups than in the two other groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Schug
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hägglöf
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D000077212:Ropivacaine