title: Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate responses of pigs to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection.
abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are immunomodulators, but few studies have examined how these dietary components influence infectious respiratory disease. Groups of nine pigs were fed casein and corn starch-based diets containing 10.5 g/100 g corn oil (CO), linseed oil (LO), menhaden oil (MO), linseed + corn oil (LC, 1:1) and menhaden + corn oil (MC, 1:1). As a methodological control, one group of pigs (n = 15) was fed a commercial ration (control diet; C). Pigs inoculated intratracheally with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae after 4 wk of consuming the diets were killed 3 wk later. Gross lung lesions in MO-fed pigs were less (P < 0.05) than those in LC- and MC-fed pigs. Pigs fed MO had less peribronchial inflammation (P < 0.05) than all other groups. Gross lung lesions correlated negatively with basal in vitro alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in pigs fed diets that contained negligible levels of (n-3) PUFA (C and CO). Basal macrophage TNF production did not correlate with lung lesion scores for diets containing more (n-3) PUFA than C or CO (LO, MO, LC and MC). For pigs fed the LO, MO, LC and MC diets, mean gross lung lesions increased as the mean ratio of (n-3):(n-6) PUFA in alveolar macrophage lipids decreased. Serum levels of alpha1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) were less (P < 0.05) in pigs fed MO, and there was a rise in mean lung lesions scores for each PUFA-fed group as mean AGP levels increased. These results indicate that dietary PUFA can affect disease pathogenesis and that the (n-3):(n-6) PUFA ratio may modulate the host response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Turek
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Schoenlein
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Van Alstine
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D007931:Leucyl Aminopeptidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C033266:Menhaden oil; D008043:Linseed Oil; D003314:Corn Oil; D007931:Leucyl Aminopeptidase