title: Critical care medicine: opportunities and strategies for improvement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Like other areas of health care, critical care faces increasing pressure to improve the quality while reducing the cost of care. Strategies drawn from the literature and the authors' experiences are presented.
  Ten process- or structure-related areas are targeted as strategically important focuses of improvement: (1) restructuring administrative lines to better suit key processes; (2) physician leadership in critical care units; (3) management training for critical care managers; (4) triage; (5) multidisciplinary critical care; (6) standardization of care; (7) developing alternatives to critical care units; (8) timeliness of care delivery; (9) appropriate use of critical care resources; and (10) tracking quality improvement.
  Whatever the root cause(s) of unnecessary delays, the result is inefficient use of critical care resources-and ultimately either a need for more resources or longer wait times. Innovations designed to reduce wait times and waste, such as the establishment of a microchemistry stat laboratory, may prove valuable.
  Possible strategies for the appropriate use of critical care resources include better selection of well-informed patients who undergo procedures. Reduction in variation among physicians and organizations in providing therapies will also likely lead to a reduction in some high-risk procedures offering little or no benefit, and therefore a reduction in need for critical care services. Better preparation of patients and families should also make end-of-life decisions easier when questions of "futility" arise. Better information on outcomes and cost-effectiveness and consensus on withdrawal of critical care treatments represent two additional strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA. Lacohen@ubmedg.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Booth
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007324:Institutional Management Teams / Q000458:organization & administration; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000379:methods*; D014218:Triage / Q000458:organization & administration; D014481:United States