title: Prognosis in intra-abdominal infections. Multivariate analysis on 604 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors that influence mortality in patients who are affected by intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) and to make a comparison among three different scoring systems: the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, the sepsis score of Elebute and Stoner, and the Mannheim peritonitis index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both primary and referral hospital care.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hospital records of 604 patients who consecutively underwent emergency operations for unequivocal IAIs, both spontaneous and postoperative, from 1981 to 1993, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with IAIs that were related to peritoneal dialysis or infected ascites, those patients who were affected by primary peritonitis from a distant site, and those patients who underwent operations for acute appendicitis or acute cholecystitis without peritoneal contamination were excluded from the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to calculate the prognostic significance of the following variables: age (< or = 70 vs > 70 years); sex; type (spontaneous vs postoperative) and extent (localized vs diffuse) of infection; preoperative serum levels of albumin, cholesterol, and hemoglobin; preoperative total lymphocyte count; amount of intraoperative blood loss; presence of preoperative organ impairment; the APACHE II score; the sepsis score of Elebute and Stoner; and the Mannheim peritonitis index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Death was the outcome variable that was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the APACHE II score, the Mannheim peritonitis index, hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia, and preoperative organ impairment were independent predictors of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results showed a significant dominance of host-related factors over the type and source of infection on the prognosis of patients with IAIs. Both the APACHE II score and the Mannheim peritonitis index correctly graded IAI severity and were strongly and independently associated with the outcome; however, the latter score has the advantage of being easier to calculate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pacelli
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Doglietto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alfieri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piccioni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sgadari
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crucitti
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000005:Abdomen; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis