title: Ischemic stroke and the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme in Japanese hypertensives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is reported to be associated with myocardial infarction in both whites and Japanese. However, there have been no reports on the association of this polymorphism with stroke in each race. Furthermore, there are some racial differences in the demographics of cardiovascular disease. In Japanese, stroke (especially that which occurs in preexisting hypertension) is more common and coronary artery disease much less common than in whites. We propose that the ACE I/D polymorphism might be associated with hypertensive cerebrovascular disease in Japanese.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To study the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and hypertensive cerebrovascular disease, we identified the ACE I/D genotype in 228 hypertensive and 104 normotensive Japanese subjects. Compared with its frequency (0.31) in the 90 hypertensives without lacunae detected by magnetic resonance imaging, the ACE*D allele frequency was significantly higher (0.47; P<.001) in the 138 hypertensives with silent or clinically overt ischemic stroke, whereas there was no significant difference between its frequency in hypertensives without lacunae and in 104 normotensive control subjects (0.34). The positive association between the ACE I/D genotype and ischemic stroke in hypertensive patients was independent of other risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a positive association between the ACE*D allele and ischemic stroke in Japanese hypertensives in our study. The ACE*D allele may be an independent risk factor for the development of cerebrovascular disease in hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Awaji-Hokudan Public Clinic, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kario
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nago
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A