title: Comparison of two strategies for the treatment of radiogenic leukopenia using granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiation-induced leukopenia can cause a delay or discontinuation of radiotherapy. This complication can be overcome with the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). However, an uncertainty exists regarding the mode of application of G-CSF in patients treated with radiotherapy. For this reason, the efficacy of two strategies for the administration of G-CSF in irradiated patients was compared in a prospective randomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients who developed leukopenia (< 2.5 x 10(9) per liter) while undergoing radiotherapy were treated with G-CSF at a daily dose of 5 microg/kg. The first group received single injections of G-CSF as required (n = 21). The second group received G-CSF on at least 3 consecutive days (n = 20). An analysis was made of the changes in leukocyte counts, the number of days on which radiotherapy had to be interrupted, and the side effects of growth-factor treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase in leukocyte values in the peripheral blood was observed in all patients treated with G-CSF. In the group which received G-CSF when required, two injections (range: 1-8) were administered in most cases. In the second group, most of the patients received three injections (range: 3-9). The average duration of therapy interruptions due to leukopenia was 4.8 days (0-28) in the first therapy arm and 2.5 (0-20) in the second arm. The variance in the duration of therapy interruptions between the two groups was not significant (p = 0.2). Radiotherapy had to be terminated in two patients due to thrombocytopenia but the application of G-CSF did not seem to be a reason of decreasing platelet counts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results reveal that G-CSF is safe and effective in the treatment of radiation-induced leukopenia regardless of the mode of application. Because the calculated difference related to radiation treatment interruptions has no clinical relevance, both approaches examined in our study appear reasonable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Adamietz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosskopf
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Dapper
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Lieven
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Boettcher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor