title: Metabolic recovery after global myocardial ischemia: effects of blood cardioplegic solutions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of whole blood cardioplegia (WBC) and a mix of crystalloid in blood (CB) hyperkalemic cardioplegic solutions on recovery of the myocardium following global ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one dogs were placed on normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, and a pH probe was inserted in the anterior wall of the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was obtained by clamping the ascending aorta until a decrease in myocardial tissue pH of 0.4 units from baseline value was obtained, at which time cardioplegic solutions were perfused over 30 mins. The aorta was then unclamped and 30 mins of reperfusion was allowed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aortic cross-clamping time necessary to decrease myocardial tissue pH 0.4 units from baseline averaged 13 +/- 8 mins. Whereas myocardial tissue pH returned to baseline value (6.9 +/- 0.1) after an average of 24 mins with cold (15 degrees C) and warm (35 degrees C) WBC, it took an average of 48 mins to reach control levels when warm CB solutions were used. Moreover, tissue pH decreased temporarily from 6.97 +/- 0.35 to 6.77 +/- 0.37 (P < 0.05) at initiation of normothermic myocardial reperfusion in cold WBC protected animals, and myocardial pH remained normal in the warm WBC group but remained severely acidic in warm CB animals (6.6 +/- 0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic recovery after global ischemia was faster with WBC cardioplegic protection. Normothermic blood reperfusion in cold WBC protected animals caused a significant but temporary tissue acidosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec. carrier@icm.umontreal.ca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tourigny
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Solymoss
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pelletier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000379:methods*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017680:Potassium Compounds; C018369:potassium cardioplegic solution