title: Behavioral differences and effects of cardiac rehabilitation in diabetic patients following cardiac events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence of depression and other behavioral disorders in diabetic coronary patients following major cardiac events and to assess the impact of cardiac rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  291 consecutive coronary patients (70 with diabetes mellitus).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were prospectively enrolled in comprehensive phase II cardiac rehabilitation 4 to 6 weeks following a major cardiac event. Depressive symptoms and other behavioral characteristics (anxiety, somatization, hostility), as well as parameters of quality of life, were assessed by validated questionnaires at entry and upon completion (12 weeks, 36 sessions) of cardiac rehabilitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic patients made up 24% of the cohort and were more likely to be female (P = 0.08), hypertensive (P = 0.05), and obese (P = 0.08). Additionally, diabetic patients had a reduced exercise capacity (P = 0.008), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.008), lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.02), and increased triglyceride (P = 0.04) levels. Diabetic patients had a higher incidence of depression (26% versus 14%; P < 0.03), demonstrated more symptoms of somatization (P < 0.06), and exhibited lower scores for components of quality of life. Following cardiac rehabilitation, the incidence of depression was reduced in diabetic patients by 67% (P = 0.01) and ultimately equaled the 9% prevalence found in the non-diabetic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic coronary patients demonstrate a higher incidence of depression than non-diabetic patients following major cardiac events. In addition to improving traditional cardiac risk factors, cardiac rehabilitation reduces depression in this high-risk group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic, Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lavie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001007:Anxiety; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000209:etiology