title: Morphological and ultrastructural changes induced in corneal epithelial cells by HIV-1 and HHV-6 in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether HIV-1 and HHV-6 are capable of infecting and inducing morphological and ultrastructural changes in corneal epithelial cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary and transformed corneal epithelial cell cultures were infected with HIV-1 or HHV-6 in vitro and analyzed for the presence or absence of viral antigens, DNA sequences, viral particles and inclusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV-1 antigens were detected in 8% of the HIV-1 infected cells and early HHV-6 antigens were present in 12% of the HHV-6 infected cells. The presence of viral DNA sequences in the cultures confirmed these findings. Cells infected with HIV-1 morphologically were not different from uninfected cells, whereas the morphology of HHV-6 infected cells was very similar to cells infected with other human herpesviruses. Cytoplasmic tubuloreticular inclusions were detectable in corneal epithelia cells infected with HIV-1 and intact viral particles were visible only in PBMC used to recover HIV-1 from these cultures. Viral inclusions were also observed in corneal epithelial cells infected with HHV-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that HIV-1 and HHV-6 are capable of infecting corneal epithelial cells in vitro, but the viruses are not entering these cells via CD4 or galC receptors. This basic information is important in determining the pathogenic mechanism(s) involved in the development of AIDS-associated corneal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Qavi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lusso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Ablashi
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D003315:Cornea / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015654:Herpesvirus 6, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007181:Inclusion Bodies, Viral / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D017931:DNA Primers; D015342:DNA Probes; D004279:DNA, Viral