title: The N-terminal region of E2F-1 is required for transcriptional activation of a new class of target promoter.
abstract: Because of its expression in numerous cells, the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter (HSV-TK) is one of the best characterized promoters. Using the HSV-TK promoter as a model system, we have defined a new mode of E2F-1 transcriptional activation which utilizes the N-terminal region of E2F-1. We demonstrate that E2F-1 strongly activated HSV-TK, but in the absence of consensus E2F DNA elements. Nonetheless, E2F-1 could bind to GC-rich elements, which were conclusively identified in classic studies of HSV-TK as SP-1 sites. Second, the transcriptional activation of HSV-TK required the entire E2F-1 protein, including the N-terminal 89 amino acids. In contrast, the N-terminal 89 amino acids of E2F-1 were dispensable for transcriptional activation through consensus E2F sites. Third, we demonstrated that S phase entry is not sufficient for activation of HSV-TK by E2F-1, while the activation through consensus E2F sites is strictly linked to the cell cycle. Taken together, the activation of HSV-TK by E2F-1 proceeds by a different mechanism directed in part through the N-terminal region of E2F-1 and may be uncoupled from the known cell cycle regulatory role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Tevosian
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Yee
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D056465:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050680:Transcription Factor DP1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D056465:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1; D050680:Transcription Factor DP1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA; D013937:Thymidine Kinase