title: Conformational studies on analogs of recombinant parathyroid hormone and their interactions with phospholipids.
abstract: Through the use of oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis we have generated variants of a recombinant human parathyroid (PTH) hormone-(1-34)-homoserine (RPTH) in which a positively charged residue (Arg or Lys), a negatively charged residue (Glu), or a neutral residue (Gly) has been substituted at every position throughout the peptide. These 106 PTH analogs have been tested for their ability to stimulate cAMP production in the rat osteosarcoma cell line, UMR106. Analysis of these peptides led to the construction of several analogs containing multiple substitutions at sites of potential structural importance. Several of these analogs were shown to have 3-5-fold enhanced activity and receptor affinity. Circular dichroism (CD) and lipid binding studies were then performed on these analogs. Circular dichroism demonstrates enhanced helical content in the presence of lipid vesicles, particularly anionic lipid. The [Arg15,19,22,Lys29]RPTH (+6RPTH) analog requires higher concentrations of trifluoroethanol to attain enhanced helicity. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the peptides are blue shifted more in the presence of the anionic lipid dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) than with the zwitterionic lipid dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC). Effects of the peptides on the phase transition behavior of DMPC shows that +6RPTH has less effect on the lipid than does RPTH. This difference in lipid interaction is also exhibited with isothermal titration calorimetry, in which RPTH reacts exothermally with DMPG, while +6RPTH shows little or no heat change. The pH dependence of binding of the hydrophobic probe 1,1'-bis(4-anilino)-naphthalene-5,5'-trisulfonic acid, also shows a difference in exposure of hydrophobic sites between RPTH and +6RPTH. The +6RPTH has about a 5-fold greater affinity for receptor binding. We suggest that this enhanced activity is a consequence of the altered lipid interaction of +6RPTH, combined with increased conformational flexibility, particularly in the carboxyl-terminal region of the molecule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Oldenburg
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Epand
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Orfani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Selick
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Epand
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012516:Osteosarcoma; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014364:Tryptophan
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010743:Phospholipids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014364:Tryptophan; D000242:Cyclic AMP