title: Do the results of systematic biopsies predict outcome in patients with T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy alone?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study examines whether findings from systematic biopsies add any prognostic information in men with clinical Stage T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with external beam radiation therapy alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two men with clinical T1-T2 prostate cancer had ultrasound-guided quadrant or sextant prostate biopsies prior to treatment with external beam radiotherapy alone between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1993. The median follow-up is 23 months (range, 11 to 65). Biochemical failure after irradiation was defined as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) greater than 1.5 ng/mL (Hybritech assay) and rising.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biochemical relapse-free survival was 90% at 36 months. The percentage of biopsies involved by cancer was not predictive of biochemical relapse-free survival on univariate analysis. Patients with less than 50% positive biopsies had similar biochemical relapse-free survival at 36 months compared to patients with 50% or more positive biopsies (93% versus 89%; P = 0.80). After stratifying according to pretreatment PSA level, the percentage of positive biopsies was not prognostic. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that pretreatment PSA level was the only variable that predicted relapse-free survival (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At present, the results of ultrasound-guided quadrant or sextant biopsies do not add further prognostic information, beyond that provided by the pretreatment PSA level, in patients with T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy alone. Further follow-up will be required to confirm these results.
authors.affiliation: Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanlon
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hanks
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001706:Biopsy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D015996:Survival Rate