title: Treatment of femoral Ewing's sarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of Ewing's sarcoma consists of chemotherapy for systemic and local disease. However, the role of radiation therapy, and/or surgical resection for definitive local treatment has yet to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 32 patients (24 males and 8 females) treated for femoral Ewing's sarcoma between 1970 and 1985 was performed. Patients were divided into 3 treatment groups: chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CR) (10); chemotherapy and surgery (CS) (9); and chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy (CSR) (13). Patients in the CR group received a mean of 5320 centigray (cGy) of radiation and patients in the CSR group received a mean of 3590 cGy. Multiagent cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin based chemotherapy was used in all cases. Surgery consisted of wide resection or amputation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the CR group had a higher risk of local recurrence than patients in the CS and CSR groups (P=0.02, log rank). The combination of local recurrences and treatment complications necessitated surgery for 7 of 10 CR patients, whereas 1 of 9 and 4 of 13 in the CS and CSR groups required additional surgery. The median survival for the entire group was 39 months. Minimum follow-up for surviving patients was 45 months. Five-year survival consisted of 1 of 10 patients in the CR group, 2 of 9 in the CS group, and 7 of 13 in the CSR group. There were no statistically significant differences among the three survival curves. Tumor location within the femur was a significant prognostic variable. Distal femoral location had a survival advantage compared with proximal and mid-femur locations (P = 0.049, log rank).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Femoral Ewing's sarcoma remains a disease with a poor prognosis. Radiation alone for local treatment results in a high rate of local recurrence and complications. Our current local treatment strategy for femoral Ewing's sarcoma includes surgery in all and adjuvant radiotherapy in many of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Terek
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Brien
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Marcove
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Healey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005266:Femoral Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase