title: Transfer of cryopreserved embryos improved pregnancy rates in patients with damage to the functional integrity of the sperm membrane as measured by the hypo-osmotic swelling test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the pregnancy rates (PRs) after transfer of cryopreserved embryos in patients who have damage to the functional integrity of the sperm membrane as measured by the hypo-osmotic swelling test to those without this defect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-associated IVF center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients enrolled in a matched prospective study to evaluate the effects of low HOS scores (<50%) on PRs after IVF-ET were followed to determine the PR after transfer of cryopreserved embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical PRs and implantation rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients with low hypo-osmotic swelling test scores underwent 21 frozen ET cycles, achieved for clinical pregnancies for a PR per cycle of 19.0% and an implantation rate of 7.1%. Twelve patients with normal hypo-osmotic swelling test scores underwent 21 frozen ET cycles, achieved five preganancies for a clinical PR per cycle of 23.8% and an implantation rate of 9.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous studies have demonstrated an adverse effect of low hypo-osmotic swelling test scores on PRs after IVF-ET despite normal fertilization. This adverse effect was not found in the transfer of cryopreserved embryos from males with hypo-osmotic swelling test scores. Further investigation is required to determine how cryopreservation improves the chances of implantation of these embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Camden, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Check
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Benfer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lurie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katsoff
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D048429:Cell Size; D015925:Cryopreservation; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D007038:Hypotonic Solutions