title: Acute administration of metoprolol and enalaprilat reduces insulin-stimulated thermogenesis and skin blood flow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the acute effects of intravenous metoprolol and enalaprilat on energy expenditure, thermogenesis, blood flow and insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven moderately insulin-resistant nondiabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each subjects was studied three times at 2-3 week intervals: metoprolol (5 mg), enalaprilat (2 mg) or saline infusions were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 150-min euglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic clamp combined with indirect calorimetry and blood flow measurements were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glucose uptake, forearm and skin blood flow, and energy expenditure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure was decreased to the same degree by both drugs. Forearm blood flow (plethysmography) was lower with metoprolol compared to enalaprilat (2.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.4 mL per 100 mL min-1; P < 0.05). Glucose-plus-insulin-stimulated thermogenesis and total energy expenditures were reduced both by metoprolol (71 and 5.2%; P < 0.05 in both) and enalaprilat (59%, P = 0.06; and 7.6%, P < 0.05) as compared to the control study. Skin blood flow (laser Doppler) increased by 100% (P < 0.01) during the glucose-plus-insulin infusion, but this increment was inhibited by both drug infusions. Forearms and whole-body glucose uptake was not influenced by metoprolol or enalaprilat administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (i) Both metoprolol and enalaprilat inhibit glucose-plus-insulin-induced thermogenesis and a rise in skin blood flow. (ii) Metoprolol further reduces forearm blood flow compared to enalaprilat. (iii) Neither drug has any acute effect on insulin sensitivity. (iv) The interference of a physiological response to insulin by ACE inhibitors or beta-blocking agents may have implications both for energy balance and thermoregulation during periods of hyperinsulinaemia in man.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tuominen
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Koivisto
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D015773:Enalaprilat / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008790:Metoprolol; D015773:Enalaprilat