title: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) in combination with IL-11 or IL-6 reverses the inhibitory effect of IL-3 on early B lymphocyte development.
abstract: We have previously described a two-step methylcellulose culture system in which individual primitive progenitors from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice were shown to have both myeloid and B lymphoid differentiation capacity. Highly enriched Lin-Sca+FU2d BM cells were cultured in methylcellulose in the presence of Steel factor (SF), interleukin-7 (IL-7), and pokeweed mitogen stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium (PWM-SCM). Primary mixed myeloid colonies were replated after 8-11 days into secondary cultures containing SF and IL-7, which supported the generation of B220+sIgM- pre-B cell colonies. A number of growth factors, including IL-6, IL-11, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and IL-12 were shown to be capable of substituting for PWM-SCM to support the B lymphoid potential of primary colonies. B lymphoid potential was not supported, however, in SF + IL-3 or in SF + IL-3 plus any single growth factor (IL-1 to -12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], G-CSF, erythropoietin [Epo], leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-beta], gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], or insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1]), but was supported in SF + IL-3 + 5% PWM-SCM. Experiments were designed to identify the factor or factors in PWM-SCM that reverse the inhibitory effects of IL-3 on B lymphoid potential. By substituting various cytokine combinations for PWM-SCM, we determined that combinations of IL-4 + IL-6 or IL-4 + IL-11, but not IL-4 alone, can substitute for PWM-SCM to reverse the inhibitory effect of IL-3 on B lymphoid potential. Neutralizing antibodies to IL-4 completely eliminated the activity in PWM-SCM, but antibodies to IL-6 only partially inhibited the activity. IL-11 was not detected in PWM-SCM, and the activity co-purified with IL-4, but not with IL-6. Thus, IL-4 plus IL-6, IL-11, or one or more unidentified growth factors in PWM-SCM can reverse the inhibitory effects of IL-3 on early B lymphocyte development in culture.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neben
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calvetti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neben
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D017370:Interleukin-11; D007377:Interleukin-3; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D005472:Fluorouracil