title: Activity profiles of antimutagens: in vitro and in vivo data.
abstract: In this review, retinol, chlorophyllin, and N-acetylcysteine are examined and compared with regard to their antimutagenic activity against some promutagens and a group of direct-acting alkylating agents. The promutagens included aflatoxin B1, certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene), and certain heterocyclic amines (e.g., food pyrolysates). Results of antimutagenicity testing selected from data surveyed in the published literature are displayed graphically as activity profiles of antimutagens showing both the doses tested and the extent of inhibition or enhancement of mutagenic activity. All three antimutagens are discussed in terms of their putative mechanisms of action in vitro and in vivo with emphasis on the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme systems.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Stack
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Brockman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Flora
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002735:Chlorophyllides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009153:Mutagens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014801:Vitamin A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; C007020:chlorophyllin; D000111:Acetylcysteine