title: Ouabain interactions with the H5-H6 hairpin of the Na,K-ATPase reveal a possible inhibition mechanism via the cation binding domain.
abstract: Cardiac glycosides such as ouabain and digoxin specifically inhibit the Na,K-ATPase. Three new residues in the carboxyl half of the Na, K-ATPase, Phe-786, Leu-793 (PFLIF786IIANIPL793PLGT797), and Phe-863 (FTYF863VIM) have been identified as ouabain sensitivity determinants using random mutagenesis. Polymerase chain reaction was utilized to randomly mutate the DNA sequence encoding the amino acids between Lys-691 and Lys-945 in the alpha subunit of the Na, K-ATPase. This region contains four transmembrane segments (H5, H6, H7, and H8) and the connecting extracellular and cytoplasmic loops. Diverse substitutions of these three residues resulted in proteins displaying 2.8-48-fold increases in the I50 of different cardiac glycosides for inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase activity. By locating these residues, in conjunction with Thr-797 (Feng, J., and Lingrel, J. B (1994) Biochemistry 33, 4218-4224), a new region of the protein containing the H5-H6 hairpin and the H7 transmembrane segment emerges as a major determinant of ouabain inhibition. Thus, a link between the cardiac glycoside binding site and the cation transport sites of the Na,K-ATPase transpires giving a structural base to the cation antagonism of ouabain binding. Furthermore, this link suggests a possible mechanism for cardiac glycoside inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase, such that ouabain binding to the implicated region blocks the movement of the H5 and H6 transmembrane domains which may be required for energy transduction and cation transport.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0524, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palasis
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kuntzweiler
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Argüello
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lingrel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002301:Cardiac Glycosides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002412:Cations; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008961:Models, Structural; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010042:Ouabain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017354:Point Mutation; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002301:Cardiac Glycosides; D002412:Cations; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010042:Ouabain; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase