title: Differential mechanisms targeting type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and vitronectin into the storage granules of a human megakaryocytic cell line.
abstract: Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and its cofactor vitronectin (Vn) are stored within the alpha-granules of platelets. The two possible sources for their biosynthetic origin are endogenous synthesis in megakaryocytes or endocytosis from plasma. Using ultrastructural and confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) image analysis, we observed that treatment of Dami cells, a human megakaryocytic cell line, with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induces the accumulation of PAI-1 and Vn in intracellular storage vacuoles that contain other alpha-granule proteins such as von Willebrand factor. To examine evidence for biosynthesis of PAI-1 and Vn by Dami cells, we immunoprecipitated PAI-1 and Vn from the conditioned media of cells biosynthetically radiolabeled with 35S-methionine in the presence or absence of PMA. In contrast to Hep G2 cells, which synthesize both PAI-1 and Vn, only 35S-PAI-1 was recovered from PMA-treated Dami cells. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from resting and PMA-treated Dami cells confirmed that PAI-1 mRNA expression was detectable at low levels in resting cells and induced by PMA treatment. In contrast, Vn mRNA was not detected. We examined binding and internalization (endocytosis) of PAI-1 and Vn by Dami cells using biotinylated analogs (b-PAI-1 and b-Vn). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the binding of b-Vn to Dami cells was dose-dependent, saturable, and specific for multimeric forms of Vn. Cells were incubated at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C and endocytosis of b-Vn was shown by probing electrophoretically fractionated cell lysates with 125I-labeled streptavidin. Only cells incubated at 37 degrees C internalized b-Vn. CLSM image analysis confirmed that the b-Vn was internalized and that it colocalized with PAI-1 in storage granules. The binding of b-Vn to cells was inhibited by the presence of PAI-1, and there was no evidence of specific b-PAI-1 binding or uptake to resting or PMA-treated cells. These data suggest that accumulation of PAI-1 in Dami cell storage granules is due to endogenous synthesis and that the accumulation of Vn is due to endocytosis of serum-derived Vn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shaughnessy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joshua
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribau
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Podor
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism*; D004705:Endocytosis; D006801:Humans; D007947:Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism; D019096:Vitronectin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D019096:Vitronectin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate