title: Amyloid beta peptide (25-35) inhibits Na+-dependent glutamate uptake in rat hippocampal astrocyte cultures.
abstract: Large numbers of neuritic plaques surrounded by reactive astrocytes are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is a large body of research supporting a causal role for the amyloid beta peptide (Abeta), a main constituent of these plaques, in the neuropathology of AD. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the toxicity of Abeta including free radical injury and excitotoxicity. It has been reported that treatment of neuronal/astrocytic cultures with Abeta increases the vulnerability of neurons to glutamate-induced cell death. One mechanism that may explain this finding is inhibition of the astrocyte glutamate transporter by Abeta. The aim of the current study was to determine if Abetas inhibit astrocyte glutamate uptake and if this inhibition involves free radical damage to the transporter/astrocytes. We have previously reported that Abeta can generate free radicals, and this radical production was correlated with the oxidation of neurons in culture and inhibition of astrocyte glutamate uptake. In the present study, Abeta (25-35) significantly inhibited L-glutamate uptake in rat hippocampal astrocyte cultures and this inhibition was prevented by the antioxidant Trolox. Decreases in astrocyte function, in particular L-glutamate uptake, may contribute to neuronal degeneration such as that seen in AD. These results lead to a revised excitotoxicity/free radical hypothesis of Abeta toxicity involving astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Pedigo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hensley
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Butterfield
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carney
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000975:Antioxidants; D002839:Chromans; D005609:Free Radicals; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011506:Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid; D004229:Dithiothreitol