title: Further evaluation of the local lymph node assay in the final phase of an international collaborative trial.
abstract: The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a method used for the prospective identification in mice of chemicals that have the potential to cause skin sensitization. We report here the results of the second and final phase of an international trial in which the performance of the assay has been evaluated using seven test materials in five independent laboratories. The additional chemicals examined here included compounds which are considered less potent allergens than some of those tested in the first phase of the investigation, and includes hexylcinnamic aldehyde (HCA), a chemical recommended by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as a positive control for skin sensitization studies. In each laboratory all skin sensitizing chemicals examined (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene {DNCB}, HCA, oxazolone, isoeugenal and eugenol) elicited positive responses of comparable magnitude as judged by the derived lowest concentration of test chemical required to elicit a 3-fold or greater increase in the proliferative activity of draining lymph node cells compared with vehicle-treated controls. We observed that sodium lauryl sulphate, considered to be a non-sensitizing skin irritant, also induced a positive response in the assay. Para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA), a nonsensitizing chemical, was negative at all test concentrations in each laboratory. Some laboratories incorporated minor modifications into the standard assay procedure, including the evaluation of lymph nodes pooled from individual mice rather than treatment groups and the use of statistical analyses. The use of statistics did not markedly change the determination of the lowest concentration yielding a positive response. These data confirm that the local lymph node assay is robust and yields equivalent results when performed independently.
authors.affiliation: E.I. du Pont de Nemours, Inc. Haskell Laboratory, Newark, DE 19711-0050, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Loveless
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ladics
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gerberick
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Basketter
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Scholes
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hilton
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dearman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kimber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D007391:International Cooperation; D007509:Irritants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D012882:Skin Tests / Q000379:methods; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants