title: Vocal fold submucosal infusion technique in phonomicrosurgery.
abstract: Phonomicrosurgery is optimized by maximally preserving the vocal fold's layered microstructure (laminae propriae). The technique of submucosal infusion of saline and epinephrine into the superficial lamina propria (SLP) was examined to delineate how, when, and why it was helpful toward this surgical goal. A retrospective review revealed that the submucosal infusion technique was used to enhance the surgery in 75 of 152 vocal fold procedures that were performed over the last 2 years. The vocal fold epithelium was noted to be adherent to the vocal ligament in 29 of the 75 cases: 19 from previous surgical scarring, 4 from cancer, 3 from sulcus vocalis, 2 from chronic hemorrhage, and 1 from radiotherapy. The submucosal infusion technique was most helpful when the vocal fold epithelium required resection and/or when extensive dissection in the SLP was necessary. The infusion enhanced the surgery by vasoconstriction of the microvasculature in the SLP, which improved visualization during cold-instrument tangential dissection. Improved visualization facilitated maximal preservation of the SLP, which is necessary for optimal pliability of the overlying epithelium. The infusion also improved the placement of incisions at the perimeter of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions, and thereby helped preserve epithelium uninvolved by the disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kass
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zeitels
mesh_terms: D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006728:Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007642:Keratosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008866:Microsurgery; D010212:Papilloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011127:Polyps / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D004837:Epinephrine