title: One-shot percutaneous ethanol injection of liver tumors under general anesthesia: preliminary data on efficacy and complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided injection of large amounts of ethanol into large or multiple liver lesions, in a single session under general anesthesia (one-shot PEI) for percutaneous ablation of hepatic tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients (27 with 51 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules on cirrhosis, diameter range 1.0-9.0 cm; two patients with a single metastasis from the gastroenteric tract, 5.0 and 9.0 cm, respectively, in diameter) were treated with one-shot PEI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total volume of alcohol delivered per patient ranged from 16 to 210 ml. Mean ethanol volume in all patients was 49 ml. Dynamic computed tomography (CT) examination showed complete necrosis in 41 of 50 lesions. Two patients died of hypovolemic shock due to massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 3 and 7 days, respectively, after the interventional procedure. All the remaining patients are alive (follow-up 5-14 months) except one who died of liver failure 5 months after. New HCC nodules occurred in six patients within 6 months and one intralesional relapse was recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preliminary experience, one-shot PEI is as effective in inducing liver tumor necrosis as traditional PEI; its advantages are shorter treatment time and the capability of treating larger and multiple liver lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale D. Cotugno, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giorgio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarantino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francica
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mariniello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nuzzo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: del Viscovo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotondo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol