title: Antidepressants and cognitive impairment in the elderly.
abstract: Cognitive impairment is an important consideration in the treatment of depression in the elderly because such impairment increases with age, is a symptom of depression, and is a side effect of many antidepressant drugs. Older depressed patients are more likely to suffer acute cognitive impairment from medications including antidepressants, often superimposed on the cognitive impairment of depression. Even mild cognitive impairment can contribute to increased disability in the elderly. The occurrence of severe cognitive impairment (i.e., delirium) with tricyclic antidepressants is probably related to anticholinergic effects. Since the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and some reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (RIMAs) have little if any anticholinergic activity, these agents are expected to result in less cognitive impairment. This hypothesis is supported by a variety of comparative studies. The SSRIs and some RIMAs also have fewer additive effects with other psychoactive agents. Additional evidence suggests that some SSRIs and RIMAs may even improve cognitive functions through mechanisms separate from their antidepressant effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Oxman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003693:Delirium / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000187:drug effects; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors