title: Evolution of the creative kinases. The chicken acidic type mitochondrial creatine kinase gene as the first nonmammalian gene.
abstract: In both mammals and birds, the creatine kinase (CK) family consists of four types of genes: cytosolic brain type (B-CK); cytosolic muscle type (M-CK); mitochondrial ubiquitous, acidic type (Mia-CK); and mitochondrial sarcomeric, basic type (Mib-CK). We report here the cloning of the chicken Mia-CK cDNA and its gene. Amino acid sequences of the mature chicken Mi-CK proteins show about 90% identity to the homologous mammalian isoforms. The leader peptides, however, which are isoenzyme-specifically conserved among the mammalian Mi-CKs, are quite different in the chicken with amino acid identity values compared with the mammalian leader peptides of 38.5-51.3%. The chicken Mia-CK gene spans about 7.6 kilobases and contains 9 exons. The region around exon 1 shows a peculiar base composition, with more than 80% GC, and has the characteristics of a CpG island. The upstream sequences lack TATA or CCAAT boxes and display further properties of housekeeping genes. Several transcription factor binding sites known from mammalian Mi-CK genes are absent from the chicken gene. Although the promoter structure suggests a ubiquitous range of expression, analysis of Mia-CK transcripts in chicken tissues shows a restricted pattern and therefore does not fulfill all criteria of a housekeeping enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Cell Biology, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mühlebach
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wirz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Brändle
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Perriard
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002645:Chickens; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D003402:Creatine Kinase