title: Extended harvest times are not necessary for the detection of in vitro clastogens in regulatory cytogenetics studies.
abstract: The choice of harvest time in in vitro cytogenetics assays is a critical factor in determining the sensitivity of the assay for detecting clastogenic potential. As yet there is no harmonization of regulatory requirements in this aspect. It has been suggested that the use of extended harvest times can improve the sensitivity of detecting some chemicals which either induce cell cycle delay or produce lesions which induce chromosome aberrations at divisions subsequent to the first post-treatment mitosis. The incidence of such chemicals encountered in the routine testing of chemicals for regulatory submissions is not known. Therefore a large database of 550 chemicals tested in nine laboratories using standard regulatory protocols, including a late harvest time, was assessed for the incidence of chemicals uniquely positive only at a delayed harvest time. The number of such chemicals was very low ( < 0.2%) and the chromosome damage induced by these chemicals may not result from direct genotoxic mechanisms. Based on these data it is recommended that there is no need to include an extended harvest time in in vitro cytogenetics assays except where it might help to resolve an equivocal result.
authors.affiliation: Unilever Research, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freemantle
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jenkinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilcox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D006224:Cricetinae; D003582:Cytogenetics; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens