title: Theophylline: potential antiinflammatory effects in nocturnal asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent information suggests that one of the therapeutic properties of theophylline is an antiinflammatory effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated this potential effect of theophylline in eight patients with nocturnal asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover of 2-week treatment periods, separated by a 1-week washout period. Spirometry and bronchoscopy were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Theophylline, compared with placebo, significantly improved the overnight decrement in lung function. The higher the nocturnal theophylline level, the greater the improvement in lung function. Theophylline also significantly decreased the percentage of neutrophils in the 4:00 AM bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and stimulated leukotriene B4 levels from macrophages obtained at 4:00 AM. The greater change in neutrophils correlated with increasing serum theophylline concentration. Also, the change in leukotriene B4 production was significantly correlated with the theophylline-induced decrement in lavage granulocytes (neutrophils and eosinophils).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that one action of theophylline is to alter inflammatory cell number and function in nocturnal asthma and that it may do this through an leukotriene B4-mediated mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Torvik
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Trudeau
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D013806:Theophylline / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D013806:Theophylline