title: [Dog bites: publications on risk factors, infections, antibiotics and primary wound closure].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine, on the basis of published research on dog bites, risk groups and localisations, risk factors for wound infection, effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics and indications and contraindications for primary closure of the bite wounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Search in Medline (1975-October 1994) on "dog" and "bite(s)" and selection using methodological inclusion and exclusion criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence of dog bites is highest in younger children and in hands/arms. The infection rate amounts to 3-17%. Risk factors for wound infection include hand/arms, puncture wounds, delay of presentation and possibly older age. The effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics appears to be limited. There is no evidence that the infection rate after primary closure of wounds is higher. Cleaning and debridement are important.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More attention should be paid to prevention of dog bites, especially in children. Most important is adequate cleaning of the wounds. Antibiotics should be given on indication only, such as hand wounds, puncture deep wounds and immune compromised patients. Primary closure is not contraindicated.
authors.affiliation: Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiëne, Centrum voor Infectieziekten Epidemilogie, Bilthoven.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: de Melker
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Melker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D012307:Risk Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
vernacular_title: Hondenbeten: publicaties over risicofactoren, infecties, antibiotica en primaire wondsluiting.