title: Endometrial response to hormone replacement therapy as assessed by expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in the endometrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess endometrial response to parenteral levonorgestrel in hormone replacement therapy by means of morphological criteria and immunohistochemical staining of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial samples were collected from 35 postmenopausal women after 12 to 22 months of continuous combined estrogen-progestin therapy. All subjects were treated with parenteral progestin. A group of 8 women was treated with a subdermal levonorgestrel-releasing implant, and 27 women had a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (IUD). Sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies were used for immunohistochemistry and after hematoxylin-eosin staining for routine histologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atrophic epithelium with pronounced decidual reaction in the stroma was detected by histologic examination in all endometrial samples obtained from 27 women treated with the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD. In contrast, the endometrium was proliferative in seven of eight (87.5 percent) biopsies obtained from women treated with the levonorgestrel-releasing implant. Immunoreactive IGFBP-1 was detected in decidualized stromal cells in all endometrial samples obtained during intrauterine levonorgestrel therapy, whereas only one of eight samples obtained from women treated with subdermal levonorgestrel exhibited weak staining for IGFBP-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that both the morphological and biochemical response of post- menopausal endometrium to parenteral levonorgestrel was strikingly different, depending on the route of progestin administration, and that the decidual reaction and epithelial atrophy induced by intrauterine levonorgestrel were associated with expression IGFBP-1 in decidualized stromal cells.
authors.affiliation: Helsinki City Maternity Hospital; University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suhonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haukkamaa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holmström
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lähteenmäki
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rutanen
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy; D004343:Drug Implants; D004717:Endometrium / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D016912:Levonorgestrel