title: Differential cardiac effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the rat. A combined in vivo and in vitro evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite their increasing clinical use and recent evidence that growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) target the heart, there has been no systematic investigation of the effects of GH and IGF-1 on the cardiovascular system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty normal but growing adult female rats were randomized to receive 4 weeks of treatment with GH (3.5 mg.kg-1.d-1), IGF-1 (3 mg.kg-1.d-1), a combination of the two, or placebo. Transthoracic echocardiograms were performed at baseline and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment. After the final echocardiography, rats underwent either closed-chest left ventricular (LV) catheterization or Langendorff perfusion studies. Myocyte diameter and interstitial tissue fraction were assessed by morphometric histology. Echocardiographic and ex vivo data demonstrated a LV hypertrophic response in all three groups of treated animals that was most marked in the GH group, which alone exhibited a concentric growth pattern (relative wall thickness, 0.52 versus 0.42 to 0.44 in the other groups; P < .001). At 4 weeks, cardiac index was significantly higher and total systemic vascular resistance was lower in all groups of treated animals than in control animals (both P < .001), whereas arterial blood pressure did not differ significantly. All indexes of in vivo and in vitro cardiac function were higher in GH- and IGF-1-treated rats than in control animals, whereas combination therapy yielded a blunted effect. Myocyte diameter was increased in all three treated groups without an increase in interstitial tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exogenous administration of GH and IGF-1 in the normal adult rat induces a cardiac hypertrophic response without development of significant fibrosis. Cardiac performance is increased both in vivo and in the isolated heart.
authors.affiliation: Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Mass 02215, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cittadini
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strömer
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Douglas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone