title: Effect of the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein on normal and leukaemic haemopoietic progenitor cells.
abstract: Receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play a key role in the control of normal and neoplastic cell growth. The availability of PTK inhibitors prompted us to evaluate the effects of genistein, a natural inhibitor of PTKs, on in vitro colony formation by normal multilineage colony-forming units (CFU-Mix), erythroid bursts (BFU-E), granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM), long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) and acute myelogenous leukaemia colony-forming units (CFU-AML). Continuous exposure of normal marrow and blood mononuclear non-adherent cells, blood CD34+CD45RA- cells, and leukaemic blasts to increasing doses of genistein (1-100 microM) resulted in a statistically significant (P < or = 0.05) dose-dependent suppression of CFU-Mix, BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-AML growth. Regression analysis showed that growth inhibition was linearly related to genistein concentration. Genistein dose causing 50% inhibition (ID50) of CFU-AML was significantly lower compared to CFU-GM ID50 for marrow (19 v 32 microM, P < or = 0.017), unseparated blood (19 v 44 microM, P < or = 0.028) or CD34+CD45RA- blood (19 v 36, P < or = 0.04). Preincubation of leukaemic blasts with genistein (200 microM) for 1-2h confirmed that CFU-AML were significantly more sensitive than normal marrow and blood CFU-GM to genistein. Preincubation conditions which maximally suppressed leukaemic and normal colony growth spared a substantial percentage of marrow (29 +/- 4%) and blood (40 +/- 3%) LTC-IC. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that: (a) genistein strongly inhibits the growth of normal and leukaemic haemopoietic progenitors; (b) growth inhibition is dose- and time-dependent; (c) leukaemic progenitors are more sensitive than normal progenitors to genistein-induced growth inhibition; (d) genistein exerts a direct toxic effect on haemopoietic cells while sparing a substantial proportion of LTC-IC. The potent CFU-AML growth inhibition associated with the relative resistance of normal LTC-IC strongly supports the use of genistein for marrow purging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carlo-Stella
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Regazzi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garau
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mangoni
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dotti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almici
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rizzoli
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019833:Genistein; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000473:pathology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007529:Isoflavones; D019833:Genistein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases