title: Substitution of conventional cyclosporin with a new microemulsion formulation in renal transplant patients: results after 1 year.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new galenic form of cyclosporin A has been developed, based on microemulsion technology. The bioavailability of the compound is relatively independent of food intake and bile flow. It was the purpose of this prospective clinical trial to study the safety of the microemulsion form of cyclosporin A.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and two renal transplant patients, stratified according to transplant age, were switched from the conventional to the new microemulsion formulation of cyclosporin A. A 1:1 conversion ration was used. Measurements included CsA levels, S-creatinine, liver enzymes, uric acid, and blood pressure. Measurements were performed at baseline and on days 4, 8, 15, 29 and months 3, 6 and 12 after conversion. Dose adjustments were performed to achieve through levels of 80-120 ng/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the 12-month observation period the cyclosporin dose was reduced by 14.7% (from 204 +/- 60 mg/day at baseline to 174 +/- 51 mg/day after conversion, P < 0.001). Acutely, i.e. by day 8, 1:1 dose conversion resulted in a modest increase of mean drug through levels (from 114 ng/ml at baseline to 120 ng/ml, P < 0.01). This increase was accompanied by an increase in serum creatinine concentration, a decrease in calculated creatinine clearance, and an increase in uric acid values (P < or = 0.05). Liver enzymes remained unchanged while systolic and mean arterial blood pressure decrease (P < 0.05). After 1 month, drug through levels had decreased to baseline (112 ng/ml) and remained there until month 6. They were significantly lower after 12 months (102 +/- 33 ng/ml), P <0.001). Creatinine clearance values increased to above baseline at 6 and 12 months. Within the 1-year period there occurred 24 (= 8%) episodes of biopsy proven rejection and seven episodes of cyclosporin-attributed nephrotoxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 1:1 conversion from conventional cyclosporin A to the microemulsion formulation s efficacious and safe, but an initial dose reduction of 10% is advised in patients with through levels in the high-normal range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine-Nephrology, University Hospital Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Neumayer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Färber
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kohnen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maibücher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vollmar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waiser
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Luft
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014527:Uric Acid; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases