title: A comparison of six enamel treatment procedures for sealant bonding.
abstract: This in-vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of six different enamel treatment procedures for bonding a dental sealant. Sixty extracted human molar teeth were separated into the following enamel treatment groups (10 teeth each): group 1 (control)-etched with 37% phosphoric acid; group 2-air polished (air abraded) with 45 microns particles of sodium bicarbonate; group 3-air abraded with 50 microns aluminum oxide particles; group 4-etched with 2.5% nitric acid; group 5-air abraded with sodium bicarbonate particles and etched with 37% phosphoric acid; and group 6-air abraded with 50-microns aluminum oxide particles and etched with 37% phosphoric acid. The enamel treatment procedures were accomplished on intact mesial or distal surfaces. Following the enamel treatment, a sealant was bonded to the surfaces using a plastic matrix technique. After 24 hr of water storage at 37 degrees C, the specimens were debonded using an Instron machine. The mean shear bond strengths (MPa) were as follows: group 1-9.19 +/- 1.34 MPa; group 2-2.03 +/- 1.67 MPa; group 3-1.50 +/- 0.93 MPa; group 4-4.99 +/- 1.26 MPa; group 5-11.61 +/- 4.51; and group 6-11.14 +/- 1.70 MPa. Statistical analysis using a one-way ANOVA and Scheffe F-test revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05) among groups 1,5, and 6. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between groups 1,5, and 6 and the other three groups (2,3, and 4). In conclusion, 37% phosphoric acid treatment of intact enamel, or a combination of air abrasion with sodium bicarbonate or aluminum oxide followed by phosphoric acid, provides significantly higher bond strengths of a sealant material than enamel conditioning with 2.5% nitric acid or air abrasion with sodium bicarbonate or aluminum oxide.
authors.affiliation: Community and Preventive Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Barkmeier
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000388:Air; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D017005:Dental Debonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry*; D010969:Plastics; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D010969:Plastics; D014867:Water; D017942:Nitric Acid; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D000537:Aluminum Oxide