title: Expression of tissue factor correlates with grade of malignancy in human glioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue factor (TF), a cell surface receptor of factor VII/VIIa, was initially recognized as an initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. TF has recently been found to be expressed highly in certain types of malignant tumors. In addition, TF belongs to the interferon receptor family and is one of the immediate early genes, suggesting that TF may participate in the regulation of cell growth. However, the correlation between the expression of TF and cell growth is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of TF in 6 glioma cell lines and 44 glioma surgical specimens was studied by Northern blot analysis, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Northern blot analysis showed that glioma cells expressed minor novel transcripts of 3.3 kb and 1.6 kb, in addition to the transcripts of 2.2 kb and 3.1 kb that were previously reported. Western blot analysis revealed that the level of TF protein did not correlate with that of TF transcripts. Although immunohistochemical analysis of surgical specimens showed that all gliomas were positive for TF, it was interesting that 1 of 10 benign gliomas (10%) was positive for TF (malignancy Grade I-II), 13 of 14 anaplastic astrocytomas (86%) (malignancy grade III) and 19 of 20 glioblastomas (95%) (malignancy grade IV) were moderately or strongly positive for TF. In situ hybridization showed the expression of TF mRNA in glioma cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TF is expressed in glioma and the level of expression correlates with the histologic grade of malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuratsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ushio
mesh_terms: D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early / Q000235:genetics; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000235:genetics; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D013925:Thromboplastin