Cytokine regulation by virus infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus, a flavivirus, downregulates production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in macrophages in vitro.
Bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages were infected in vitro with noncytopathic or cytopathic strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Infection with both biotypes resulted in a decreased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha upon stimulation with heat-inactivated Salmonella dublin or lipopolysaccharide. Other macrophage functions were not downregulated, indicating that the observed effect was not due to a loss in macrophage viability. The downregulated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in infected macrophages may contribute to the well-documented immunosuppression in animals infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus.
Adler
H
H
Institute of Veterinary Virology, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Jungi
T W
TW
Pfister
H
H
Strasser
M
M
Sileghem
M
M
Peterhans
E
E
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha