title: Relation of energy, fat, and fiber intakes to plasma concentrations of estrogens and androgens in premenopausal women.
abstract: To evaluate whether diet may influence the incidence of hormone-dependent cancers through an effect on blood estrogen and androgen concentrations, we analyzed diet-blood hormone relations in a cross-sectional study. Dietary energy, fat, and fiber intakes were estimated from 7-d food records completed by 90 premenopausal women on days 14-20 of their menstrual cycles. Fasting blood specimens were collected on days 5-7, 12-15, and 21-23 of each participant's cycle and pooled to create follicular-, midcycle-, and luteal-phase samples, respectively, for analysis. Energy intake was associated inversely with plasma androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), averaged across the three menstrual cycle phases, and directly with the probability of a luteal-phase rise in progesterone. For each additional 1 MJ (239 kcal) consumed, androstenedione decreased by 6.0% (95% CI: -8.4%, -3.6%), DHEAS decreased by 5.1% (95% CI: -9.6%, -0.4%), and the probability of a progesterone rise increased by 60% (95% CI: 5%, 145%). After energy intake was adjusted for, the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S) in the diet was significantly inversely associated with plasma estradiol and estrone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. For each 0.1 increment in the P:S, there was a 7.6% (95% CI: -14.3%, -0.5%) decrease in estradiol and a 6.8% (95% CI: -12.7%, -0.6%) decrease in estrone. Results of this cross-sectional study support a relation between both energy and fat ingestion and plasma sex hormone concentrations in premenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dorgan
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Reichman
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Longcope
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schatzkin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kahle
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood*; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000097:blood; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004967:Estrogens; D004970:Estrone; D000735:Androstenedione; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate