title: Preferential induction of a Th1 immune response and inhibition of specific IgE antibody formation by plasmid DNA immunization.
abstract: We compared the antigen-specific antibody isotypes and lymphokine secretion by CD4+ T cells in BALB/c mice immunized intradermally with either Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) or plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding beta-gal in a cytomegalovirus-based expression vector (pCMV-LacZ). pCMV-LacZ induced mainly IgG2a, whereas beta-gal in saline or alum induced IgG1 and IgE beta-gal-specific antibodies. In addition, splenic CD4+ T helper (Th) cells isolated from pDNA-immunized mice secreted interferon-gamma but not interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, whereas Th cells from beta-gal-injected mice secreted IL-4 and IL-5 but not interferon-gamma after in vitro stimulation with antigen. Together these data demonstrate that pDNA immunization induced a T helper type 1 (Th1) response, whereas protein immunization induced a T helper type 2 (Th2) response to the same antigen. Interestingly, priming of mice with pCMV-LacZ prevented IgE antibody formation to a subsequent i.p. beta-gal in alum injection. This effect was antigen-specific, because priming with pCMV-LacZ did not inhibit IgE anti-ovalbumin antibody formation. Most importantly, intradermal immunization with pCMV-LacZ (but not pCMV-OVA) of beta-gal in alum-primed mice caused a 66-75% reduction of the IgE anti-beta-gal titer in 6 weeks. Also, pCMV-LacZ induced specific IgG2a antibody titers and interferon-gamma secretion by Th cells in the beta-gal in alum-primed mice. The data demonstrate that gene immunization induces a Th1 response that dominates over an ongoing protein-induced Th2 response in an antigen-specific manner. This suggests that immunization with pDNA encoding for allergens may provide a novel type of immunotherapy for allergic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0663, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tighe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corr
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dudler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Spiegelberg
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Carson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D007114:Immunization; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007763:Lac Operon; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D001616:beta-Galactosidase