Factors influencing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission by blood transfusion. Transfusion Safety Study Group.
One hundred thirty-two recipients of blood components that retrospectively tested positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) were identified. Fourteen (11%) remained seronegative throughout follow-up. Donor and recipient characteristics that could have influenced transmission were examined. Attributes did not differ for infected and uninfected recipients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from uninfected recipients were HIV-1-negative by DNA amplification and culture but were susceptible to in vitro infection. Transmitting and nontransmitting donors at donation differed only for HIV-1 RNA positivity. By immunocapture reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, 6 of 11 transmitters and 0 of 11 nontransmitters tested RNA-positive (P = .02). A more sensitive quantitative RNA assay detected RNA in all donation sera, but median levels were higher in transmitting than nontransmitting sera (P = .01). Median CD4 cell counts were lower for transmitting than nontransmitting donors at enrollment (P = .02). Level of viremia is an important determinant of HIV infection by blood transfusion.
Busch
M P
MP
Irwin Memorial Blood Centers, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Operskalski
E A
EA
Mosley
J W
JW
Lee
T H
TH
Henrard
D
D
Herman
S
S
Sachs
D H
DH
Harris
M
M
Huang
W
W
Stram
D O
DO
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000635:transmission*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001782:Blood Donors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
D012367:RNA, Viral; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase