title: A noninvasive 'swish and spit' method for collecting nucleated cells for HLA typing by PCR in population studies.
abstract: Buccal-cell-derived DNA collected by a 'swish and spit' technique and blood-derived DNA were compared for ease of collection, participant acceptance, utility and accuracy for HLA class II DR typing by the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The HLA class II DR typing results determined from DNA extracted by proteinase K digestion followed by phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation from buccal cells and blood cells were identical for all subjects we studied (n = 10). Class II typing by PCR-SSP using DNA extracted from buccal cells stored at -20, 4, 25 or 37 degrees C for 1 week was successful. The samples can be collected without medical supervision and are not affected by exposure to a variety of temperature conditions for up to 1 week. The stability of the buccal cell specimens to these extreme conditions demonstrates the utility of this 'swish and spit' technique for collecting nucleated cells for geographically dispersed large-scale population studies. Buccal-cell-derived DNA collected by a simple 'swish and spit' mouthwash technique is an excellent and practical substitute for blood-derived DNA.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hayney
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Poland
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lipsky
mesh_terms: D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens