title: The hourglass facial deformity as a consequence of orbital irradiation for bilateral retinoblastoma.
abstract: We report a case illustrating characteristic facial deformities following irradiation during infancy for bilateral retinoblastoma. CT and MR imaging revealed distinctive features of the resulting "hourglass facial deformity": hypotelorism, enophthalmos, depressed temporal bones, atrophy of the temporalis muscles, and a depressed nasion. This case also displayed premature metopic craniosynostosis and frontal sinus aplasia; these may be additional hallmarks of this deformity.
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-2182, USA.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Benson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009915:Orbit / Q000528:radiation effects; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed