title: Liposomal methylprednisolone in rats: dose-proportionality and chronic-dose pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methylprednisolone (MPL) encapsulated in liposomes (L-MPL) targets the immune system and enhances immunosuppressive activity of the steroid. We performed dose-dependent and chronic dose studies of L-MPL versus MPL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Lewis rats received 10 mg/kg i.v. bolus doses of L-MPL (Solu-Medrol). Plasma samples were obtained over an 8 day period and MPL concentrations were assayed by HPLC. Immunosuppressive effects were measured as inhibition of ex vivo splenocyte proliferation induced with PHA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drug concentrations declined in a similar manner over the first few hours following MPL or L-MPL. Free MPL was cleared from plasma by 6 hr, while the same dose of L-MPL resulted in persistence over an 8-day period. Dose-dependent changes in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed for both free and liposomal drug. Increasing the dose from 2 to 10 mg/kg led to increased clearance from 5.9 to 10.5 (MPL) and from 1.8 to 2.3 L/hr/kg (L-MPL). Blastogenesis was suppressed over 5 days with return to the baseline at day 8 (L-MPL); free MPL produced immunosuppression only over 10 hr. Multiple 2 mg/kg i.v. doses of L-MPL versus MPL twice a week produce plasma drug profiles similar to those obtained after single doses, indicating that neither free nor liposomal steroid accumulates in tissues. Liposomes without drug simultaneously administered with MPL caused partial prolongation of plasma steroid half-life (8.4 hr).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies clarify factors causing prolonged drug persistence and immunosuppression with L-MPL. Nonlinear disposition, irregular pharmacokinetics, and secondary effects of the liposomes are complicating factors in use of L-MPL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260, USA.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Mishina
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jusko
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D008775:Methylprednisolone