title: Macrophages during fibrosis following scleral fistulising surgery in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glaucoma filtration surgery can fail in a minority of patients as a result of fibrosis in the subconjunctival bleb space and closure of the scleral fistula. In this study, the rat eye has been used as an experimental model for fistulising surgery in order to evaluate the clinical manifestation of bleb failure with the morphological events of the wound healing process.
  
  
  METHODS
  A conjunctival bleb was successfully formed in 25 rats and was examined daily using slit lamp microscopy to evaluate postoperative inflammation and the presence of a bleb. At defined post-operative time points, serial frozen sections of eyes were stained immunohistochemically using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against known surface markers on rat immune/inflammatory cells. Positively stained cells were counted (a) in the bleb site, (b) at the sclerostomy and (c) at the suture site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following an initial post-operative inflammation, a surgically formed sclerostomy and conjunctival bleb underwent a granulation and scarring response so that by 7-19 days the bleb had disappeared. Using the monoclonal antibodies applied in this study, it was possible to show that macrophages most likely play a major and pivotal role throughout the sequence of events that lead to repair of the fistula and closure of the bleb. It was also noted that the presence of an otherwise inert nylon suture used to close the incised conjunctiva can serve as a focus for macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rat has been successfully used as an experimental model of fistulising surgery and its subsequent failure. The use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against specific surface markers on immune-inflammatory cells, highlighted macrophages to be prominent in all stages of this wound healing process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Manchester Medical School, UK.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ayliffe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McLeod
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005355:Fibrosis; D005402:Fistula / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012590:Sclera / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012599:Sclerostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors