title: Deaths related to Hurricane Andrew in Florida and Louisiana, 1992.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information about circumstances leading to disaster-related deaths helps emergency response coordinators and other public health officials respond to the needs of disaster victims and develop policies for reducing the mortality and morbidity of future disasters. In this paper, we describe the decedent population, circumstances of death, and population-based mortality rates related to Hurricane Andrew, and propose recommendations for evaluating and reducing the public health impact of natural disasters.
  
  
  METHODS
  To ascertain the number and circumstances of deaths attributed to Hurricane Andrew in Florida and Louisiana, we contacted medical examiners in 11 Florida counties and coroners in 36 Louisiana parishes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Florida medical examiners attributed 44 deaths to the hurricane. The mortality rate for directly-related deaths was 4.4 per 1 000 000 population and that for indirectly-related deaths was 8.5 per 1 000 000 population. In Louisiana, coroners attributed 11 resident deaths to the hurricane. Mortality rates were 0.6 per 1000 000 population for deaths directly related to the storm and 2.8 for deaths indirectly related to the storm. Six additional deaths occurred among non-residents who drowned in international waters in the Gulf of Mexico. In both Florida and Louisiana, mortality rates generally increased with age and were higher among whites and males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to encouraging people to follow existing recommendations, we recommend emphasizing safe driving practices during evacuation and clean-up, equipping shelters with basic medical needs for the population served, and modifying zoning and housing legislation. We also recommend developing and using a standard definition for disaster-related deaths, and using population-based statistics to describe the public health effectiveness of policies intended to reduce disaster-related mortality.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atalanta, GA 30341-3724, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Combs
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Parrish
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: McNabb
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004189:Disaster Planning; D004190:Disasters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality