title: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and chronic cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate whether the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril could prevent cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction in diabetic patients treated with CsA in monotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four recent onset insulin-dependent diabetic patients without prior renal involvement were randomized to receive a 3 month course of either cyclosporine (CsA) alone (7.5 mg/kg. b.i.d. in olive oil) or CsA+enalapril (20mg p.o. oad.).
  
  
  METHODS
  were mean arterial pressure, plasma creatinine, GFR, renal plasma flow, renal vascular resistance, sodium and lithium clearances measured before and after 3 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline values were identical in both groups except for mean arterial pressure which was slightly higher in the subjects subsequently receiving CsA + enalapril. Three month treatment with CsA increased significantly mean arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance by 9 and 24% respectively, while decreasing significantly glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow by 17 and 14% respectively. Enalapril was able to prevent the decline in GFR and the increase in blood pressure induced by CsA. This effect was demonstrated despite a similar increase in renal vascular resistance suggesting a dissociation between changes in glomerular filtration rate and renal vascular resistance during angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibition could afford some degree of protection against CsA-induced renal dysfunction. Whether these results can be extrapolated to transplant recipients in whom CsA is usually associated to treatment by glucocorticosteroids deserves further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Département de Néphrologie, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hannedouche
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natov
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boitard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lacour
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Grünfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D004656:Enalapril; D016572:Cyclosporine; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine