title: Intervertebral disks on MR images: variation in signal intensity with the disk-to-magnetic field orientation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate and quantitate the magic angle effect in the intervertebral disk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance (MR) images of a lumbar intervertebral disk in a healthy volunteer were obtained with MR images with horizontal and vertical magnetic fields. Thin-section spin-echo images of an excised intervertebral disk were obtained with a horizontal field machine at orientations with respect to the main magnetic field between +90 degrees and -90 degrees. T1 and T2 were measured independently in this disk at two orientations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Images of the in vivo disk demonstrated a variation in the signal intensity of the anulus fibrosus that was different for the two MR units. The images obtained in the excised intervertebral disk demonstrated a signal intensity variation with disk orientation that was most pronounced in the anterior portion of the anulus. Relaxation time measurements showed the signal intensity reduction to arise from a reduction in T2 with oblique orientations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed signal intensity variation with disk orientation arises from an anisotropy in T2 caused by the restriction of water associated with collagen in the anulus. The magic angle effect in intervertebral disks will be observed with vertical magnetic field MR imagers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hardy
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D012016:Reference Values