title: Cytologic manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, especially bone marrow transplant recipients, is associated with high mortality. Early diagnosis in these cases is important because antiviral therapy with ribavirin is effective in reducing mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 45-year-old male with multiple myeloma who underwent autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation subsequently developed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. A bronchoalveolar lavage specimen demonstrated the cytologic changes associated with RSV pneumonia. Infection with RSV was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay and, later, on histology and electron microscopy at autopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition of the cytologic changes associated with RSV pneumonia in immunodeficient patients can be life saving since this would initiate confirmatory immunologic studies and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104-4283, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Seykora
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hodinka
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Pietra
mesh_terms: D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000821:virology*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000473:pathology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation