title: Characteristics of thyroid ultrasound pictures in children with nodular thyroid changes effected by radionuclides.
abstract: 97 children with thyroid nodules found through screening programs in regions of White Russia (Belarus) affected by fallout from the Chernobyl disaster underwent thyroid ultrasound examination by one team at a central reference hospital. 46 of these children were operated on. 31 of these had thyroid carcinoma (30 papillary carcinoma, 1 follicular carcinoma), 9 adenoma, 3 nodular goitre, 2 thyroiditis and one colloid goitre. Sex distribution was equal in the carcinoma group while in all other groups females prevailed. In younger age groups (3-6 and 7-10 years) carcinomas were found more often than adenomas and cysts. A carcinoma was present most likely if there were a single nodule with a volume of more than 1.5 cm3, inhomogeneous echo structure, unclear, hypoechogenic margins, and enlarged regional lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Clinic Aksakowchina, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Minsk, Belarus, White Russia.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Drozd
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Astachova
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Polyanskaya
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Schomerus
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Käser
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Koritko
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Terechova
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011210:Power Plants; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D012307:Risk Factors; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014455:Ukraine; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D011847:Radioactive Fallout