title: Feeding formula without arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid has no effect on preferential looking acuity or recognition memory in healthy full-term infants at 9 mo of age.
abstract: Preferential looking acuity and novelty preference (a test of recognition memory) were determined by using Teller Acuity Cards and the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence, respectively, for 399-433 healthy full-term infants at 39 +/- 1 wk of age. Duration of breast-feeding and age of infant at introduction and amount and type of formula were determined by questionnaire. Seventy-four infants (17%) were never breast-fed; another 92 infants (21%) were still receiving breast milk as the milk source at 39 wk of age. There were no differences in visual acuity or novelty preference among the infants when they were stratified by incidence or duration of breast-feeding. The formulas met current Canadian guidelines with > or = 0.7% of energy as linolenic acid, but had no docosahexaenoic or arachidonic acid. The studies indicate that formulas containing adequate linoleic and linolenic acids, without arachidonic or docosahexaenoic acid, impose no measurable deficits in performance in these visual and cognitive developmental tests at 9 mo of age in healthy full-term infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. sinnis@wpog.childhosp.bc.ca
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Innis
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lwanga
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rioux
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waslen
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008895:Milk, Human; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid