title: Expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in haemodialysis-associated amyloidosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occurrence of various arthropathies including carpal-tunnel syndrome (CTS) in dialysis-associated amyloidosis, a condition caused by the deposition of beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2MG), has been emphasized for several years. We attempted to analyse the pathogenesis of CTS in haemodialysis-associated amyloidosis (HA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines in tenosynovial tissues was determined by using both reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a marked expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin mRNAs together with increased mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1) in proliferating synovial tissues. ICAM-1 was expressed not only on vascular endothelial cells, but also on synovial cells. In contrast, both VCAM-1 and E-selectin were exclusively expressed on endothelial cells. Mononuclear cells bearing CD13, CD14, CD33 and HLA-DR with macrophage-like morphology were accumulated in the perivascular area and expressed VLA-4, LFA-1 and Mac-1. Moreover, synovial lining cells, vascular endothelial cells and infiltrated mononuclear cells expressed chemokines such as MCP-1 and MIP-1 alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that upregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules promotes activation and infiltration of macrophages causing CTS in haemodialysis-associated amyloidosis patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunological Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukaida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
mesh_terms: D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger