title: Shape recovery and volume calculation from biplane angiography in the stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A model for calculating the three-dimensional volume of arteriovenous malformations from biplane angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional (3D) volume reconstruction is easily feasible with axial, coronal, or sagittal computer tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scans. On the other hand, radiosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is exclusively based on two orthogonal stereotactic projections, obtained with angiographic procedures. Most commonly, AVM volumes have been calculated by assimilating the nidus volume to a prolate ellipsoid. We present an algorithm dedicated to 3D structure reconstruction starting from two orthogonal stereotactic projections. This has been achieved using a heuristic approach, which has been widely adopted in the artificial intelligence domain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tests on phantom of different complexity have shown excellent results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The importance of the algorithm is considerable. As a matter of fact: (a) it allows calculations of complex structures far away from regular ellipsoid; (b) it permits shape recovery; (c) it provides AVM visualization on axial planes.
authors.affiliation: University of Verona, Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foroni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerosa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasqualin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolato
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piovan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zampieri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lonardi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D016634:Radiosurgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed