title: Genomic organization of the human bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene: molecular basis for multiple transcripts.
abstract: The structure of the human bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) gene has been characterized from a genomic cosmid clone of about 38 kb. The transcriptional unit of the human BMP-4 gene is encoded by 5 exons and spans approximately 7 kb. The exon-intron organization of the human BMP-4 gene is similar to that of the mouse gene, with notable sequence differences in the 5' non-coding exons. The human BMP-4 gene has at least two functional promoters, which are used in a cell type specific manner. This observation is of fundamental relevance for understanding the specific role of BMP-4 in skeletal development and bone remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Applied Biology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van den Wijngaard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Kraay
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Zoelen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Olijve
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Boersma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003360:Cosmids; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005091:Exons; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015698:Genomic Library; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006133:Growth Substances; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger