title: Twelfth-nerve palsy. Analysis of 100 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the causes and characteristics of hypoglossal nerve palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of 26 years of personal experience in a large public hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelfth-nerve palsies usually appear as signs rather than symptoms. Tumors, predominantly malignant, produced nearly half of the palsies (49 cases), while gunshot wounds made trauma (12) the second most common cause. Stroke (6), hysteria (6), multiple sclerosis (6), surgery (5), Guillain-Barré neuropathy (4), and infection (4) together accounted for about one third of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twelfth-nerve palsy proved to be an ominous sign, with only 15% of patients experiencing complete or nearly complete recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Keane
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003390:Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D061228:Hypoglossal Nerve Injuries; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010243:Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation