title: An upstream positive regulatory element in human GM-CSF promoter is recognized by NF-kappa B/Rel family members.
abstract: To further extend the previous analysis of cis-acting elements and cognate trans-acting factors that contribute to GM-CSF transcriptional regulations, we have examined a promoter region between -1742 and -2010. DNase I footprinting assays showed four protected sequences named A, B, C and D. DNA transfections in the T-lymphoid Mo cell line, which constitutively expresses GM-CSF, indicated that the A element, located between -2002 and -1984, has a positive role on transcription. Further characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift assays in the presence of different competitor oligonucleotides showed that this element binds a factor of the NF-kappa B/Rel family.
authors.affiliation: IBiG, Institute of Biology and Genetics, University of Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musso
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghiorzo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fiorentini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ciotti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garré
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravazzolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bianchi-Scarrà
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D017931:DNA Primers; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I