title: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in haemodialysis patients. The Multicentre Haemodialysis Cohort Study on Viral Hepatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) and to evaluate whether chronic haemodialysis is associated with an increased risk of HEV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from 420 HD patients and 316 healthy volunteers were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies to HEV (anti-HEV). Anti-HEV IgG positive sera were confirmed using synthetic peptides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-HEV IgG was confirmed in 27/420 (6.4%) of the HD patients and in 7/316 (2. 2%) of the reference group (P=0.07). However, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was not significantly higher in HD patients compared with the reference group, after controlling for age and sex. No patient was found positive for anti-HEV IgM. The presence of anti-HEV was associated with sex in HD patients (P=0.04). No significant association was found between anti-HEV and underlying renal disease, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, blood transfusions, history of elevated transaminases, history of clinical hepatitis and renal transplantation. A marginal association, which was observed with the duration of haemodialysis in univariate analysis (P=0.07), was not confirmed in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic haemodialysis is not associated with an increased risk of exposure to HEV, and the high prevalence of anti-HEV IgG in HD patients reported in uncontrolled studies is possibly due to the confounding effect of age and sex.
authors.affiliation: National Retrovirus Reference Centre, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Athens University Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Psichogiou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vaindirli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tzala
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voudiclari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boletis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vosnidis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moutafis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skoutelis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hadjiconstantinou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Troonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatzakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G