title: CD34+CD38dim cells in the human thymus can differentiate into T, natural killer, and dendritic cells but are distinct from pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Recently we reported that the human thymus contains a minute population of CD34+CD38dim cells that do not express the T-cell lineage markers CD2 and CD5. The phenotype of this population resembled that of CD34+CD38dim cells present in fetal liver, umbilical cord blood, and bone marrow known to be highly enriched for pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. In this report we tested the hypothesis that the CD34+CD38dim thymocytes constitute the most primitive hematopoietic cells in the thymus using a combination of phenotypic and functional analyses. It was found that in contrast to CD34+CD38dim cells from fetal liver and bone marrow, CD34+CD38dim cells from the thymus express high levels of CD45RA and are negative for Thy-1. These data indicate that the CD34+CD38dim thymocytes are distinct from pluripotent stem cells. CD34+CD38dim thymocytes differentiate into T cells when cocultured with mouse fetal thymic organs. In addition, individual cells in this population can differentiate either to natural killer cells in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-7 (IL-7), and IL-2 or to dendritic cells in the presence of SCF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFalpha), indicating that CD34+CD38dim thymocytes contain multi-potential hematopoietic progenitors. To establish which CD34+ fetal liver subpopulation contains the cells that migrate to the thymus, we investigated the T-cell-developing potential of CD34+CD38dim and CD34+CD38+ fetal liver cells and found that the capacity of CD34+ fetal liver cells to differentiate into T cells is restricted to those cells that are CD38dim. Collectively, these findings indicate that cells from the CD34+CD38dim fetal liver cell population migrate to the thymus before upregulating CD38 and committing to the T-cell lineage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Huis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Res
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cáceres
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cristina Jaleco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Staal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noteboom
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weijer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spits
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000032:analysis; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000196:embryology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007223:Infant; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051379:Mice; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498154:CD38 protein, human; C498155:Cd38 protein, mouse; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1