title: Flow cytometric quantitation of serum anti-D in pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The major cause of fetal hemolytic disease is maternal immunization to D in D-incompatible pregnancies. To prevent complications, D-incompatible pregnancies are monitored for the level of maternal anti-D. At present, the monitoring of anti-D levels is performed by the indirect antiglobulin test complemented by quantitation by the technique used in an automated antibody detection and quantitation instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow cytometry was used to quantitatively determine the level of anti-D in serum and to analyze the IgG subclass distribution and the presence of IgM anti-D in these samples. The results were compared to the indirect antiglobulin test titer and to the results obtained by the technique used in an automated antibody detection and quantitation instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow cytometry allowed sensitive and accurate determinations of anti-D levels with low interassay and intra-assay variability, both for serum samples and standard curves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flow cytometry is a simple, rapid, and reliable method for determining the serum levels of D antibodies and their Ig subclass distribution. It is therefore well suited for the monitoring of women during D-incompatible pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Microbiology, Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christensson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bremme
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shanwell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westgren
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Christensson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011786:Quality Control; D012203:Rh Isoimmunization / Q000276:immunology*; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007518:Isoantibodies; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate