title: Characterization of the core promoter of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase alpha 1 subunit gene. Elements required for transcription by RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase III in vitro.
abstract: We have analyzed the core promoter element of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase alpha 1 subunit gene by means of an in vitro transcription system composed of a HeLa nuclear extract. 5'-deletion and 3'-deletion analyses revealed that this gene is specifically transcribed by RNA polymerase II in a manner that is dependent on the upstream regulatory region of the gene (-102 to -61), and that the 3' boundary of the minimal promoter element does not extend beyond +5. Analysis of linker-substitution mutations and point mutations revealed that the TATA-like sequence (-33 to -26) is required for upstream-sequence-dependent transcription whereas linker-substitution mutations and point mutations near +1 did not abolish transcription. The gene was found to be transcribed by RNA polymerase III when phosphocellulose column fractions were assayed. Deletion analysis mapped the minimal RNA-polymerase-III--specific promoter element from -49 to +17. The phosphocellulose 0.3-M-KCl fraction is absolutely required for transcription by RNA polymerase III, while the 0.85-M-KCl fraction represses aberrant transcription from incorrect initiation sites. Analysis of linker-substitution mutations indicated that the TATA-like sequence is required for RNA-polymerase-III--specific transcription. Although point mutations in the 5' half of the TATA-like sequence did not affect transcription, those in the 3' half shifted the transcription initiation site 3 bp upstream. The results suggest the the Na+/K(+)-ATPase alpha 1 subunit gene promoter contains a TATA-like sequence which can direct transcription by RNA polymerase III in vitro. The mechanism of alternative regulation of RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase III is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi-ken, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohkuma
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Roeder
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D017354:Point Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism*; D012320:RNA Polymerase III / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004247:DNA; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D012320:RNA Polymerase III; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase