title: Body protein in prepubertal children with phenylketonuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess body protein and protein deposition in prepubertal children with phenylketonuria (PKU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study with nested longitudinal cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary referral paediatric hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  37 PKU patients (3.9-11.0 years) and 27 unselected healthy controls (4.0-11.5 years) of whom 29 PKU patients and 17 controls were followed longitudinally.
  
  
  METHODS
  All had measurements of height, weight, body fat and total body nitrogen (TBN) by neutron capture analysis; PKU patients and their unaffected siblings (n = 16) also had measurements of four day weighed food record and plasma amino acids by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The children with PKU compared with the controls were significantly shorter (height SD score -0.42 +/- 0.89 vs 0.17 +/- 0.94, respectively, P < 0.02) and had a lower TBN (575 +/- 200 vs 710 +/- 215g, respectively, P < 0.02). TBN in the controls was significantly correlated with lean body mass (LBM), weight, height and age (r = 0.97, 0.95, 0.95, 0.88, respectively, P < 0.001). The children with PKU had significantly lower TBN when predicted from LBM, weight and age (93%, 92%, 92% of predicted, respectively), but normal TBN predicted from height (102% of expected). The annual accretion of nitrogen was similar for the PKU and controls (86 +/- 45 and 77 +/- 58 g/y, respectively). There was no difference between the two groups in protein intake or plasma amino acids except for phenylalanine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The children with PKU had a deficit in height and body protein despite a normal to higher accretion of protein. If the deficit occurs early in life, amino acid supplementation and other nutritional practices used at this time need to be reviewed.
authors.affiliation: James Fairfax Institute of Paediatric Nutrition, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, N.S.W., Australia.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Baur
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Gaskin
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen