title: Vascular thermal adaptation in tumors and normal tissue in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The vascular thermal adaptation in the R3230 adenocarcinoma, skin and muscle in the legs of Fischer rats was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The legs of Fischer rats bearing the R3230 AC adenocarcinoma (subcutaneously) were heated once or twice with a water bath, and the blood flow in the tumor, skin and muscle of the legs was measured with the radioactive microsphere method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood flow in control R3230 AC tumors was 23.9 ml/100 g/min. The tumor blood flow increased about 1.5 times in 30 min and then markedly decreased upon heating at 44.5 degrees C for 90 min. In the tumors preheated 16 h earlier at 42.5 degrees C for 60 min, reheating at 44.5 degrees C increased the tumor blood flow by 2.5-fold in 30 min. Contrary to the decline in blood flow following an initial increase during the 44.5 degrees C heating without preheating, the tumor blood flow remained elevated throughout the 90 min reheating at 44.5 degrees C. These results indicated that thermal adaptation or thermotolerance developed in the tumor vasculatures after the preheating at 42.5 degrees C for 60 min. The magnitude of vascular thermal adaptation in the tumors 24 h and 48 h after the preheating, as judged from the changes in blood flow, were smaller than that 16 h after the preheating. Heating at 42.5 degrees C for 60 min induced vascular thermal adaptation also in the skin and muscle, which peaked in 48 h and 24 h, respectively, after the heating.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heating at 42.5 degrees C for 1 h induced vascular thermal adaptation in the R3230 AC tumor, skin, and muscle of rats that peaked 16-48 h after the heating. When the tumor blood vessels were thermally adapted, the tumor blood flow increased upon heating at temperatures that would otherwise reduce the tumor blood flow. Such an increase in tumor blood flow may hinder raising the tumor temperature while it may increase tumor oxygenation.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Therapeutic Radiology-Radiation Oncology, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Nah
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000098:blood supply; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply