title: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/NK1 is a naturally occurring HGF/scatter factor variant with partial agonist/antagonist activity.
abstract: Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) stimulates cell proliferation, motility, and morphogenesis by activation of its receptor, the c-Met tyrosine kinase. HGF/SF is structurally related to plasminogen, including an amino-terminal hairpin loop, four kringle domains, and a serine protease-like region. A truncated HGF/SF isoform, designated HGF/NK2, which extends through the second kringle domain and behaves as a competitive HGF/SF antagonist, was previously shown to be encoded by an alternative HGF/SF transcript. In this study, we describe a second naturally occurring HGF/SF variant, HGF/NK1, consisting of the HGF/SF amino-terminal sequence and first kringle domain. This product is encoded by a 2-kilobase alternative transcript containing intronic sequence that was contiguous with exon K1b. Analysis of baculovirus-expressed HGF/NK1 revealed that this isoform possesses the heparin binding properties of HGF/SF and modest mitogenic and scattering activity relative to HGF/SF. However, at a 40-fold molar excess, HGF/NK1 inhibited HGF/SF-dependent DNA synthesis. HGF/NK1 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Met, and covalent affinity cross-linking demonstrated a direct HGF/NK1-receptor interaction. These findings establish that the HGF/SF gene encodes multiple alternative products, which include not only a mitogenic agonist (HGF/SF) and a pure antagonist (HGF/NK2) but also a molecule with partial agonist/antagonist properties.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cioce
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Csaky
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bottaro
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Aaronson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016367:Baculoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008715:Methionine / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018411:Spodoptera; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D008715:Methionine