title: In vitro concurrent paclitaxel and radiation of four vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antitubule agent paclitaxel causes a cell cycle blockage in the most radiosensitive part of the cell cycle, the G2/M phase. The possible radiosensitizing effect of paclitaxel was tested in four vulvar (UM-SCV-1A, UM-SCV-1B, UM-SCV-2, and UM-SCV-4) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 96-well plate clonogenic assay was performed with paclitaxel and radiation, both separately and concomitantly. Survival data were fitted to the linear quadratic model. The area under the curve, equivalent to the mean inactivation dose (D), was obtained by numerical integration. The effect of paclitaxel on radiosensitivity was measured as the AUC ratio (paclitaxel plus radiation: radiation alone). This ratio was compared with the surviving fraction (SFP) after paclitaxel alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paclitaxel concentrations of 0.4 to 2.0 nanomolar (nM) caused 1 to 70% inhibition of clonogenic survival. The AUC values of the cell lines were 1.9 to 2.9 gray. A full additive effect was observed when paclitaxel and radiation were administered concurrently; however, a supra-additive effect never occurred. The type of paclitaxel radiation interaction was not affected by the concentration of the drug nor did the type of interaction vary between cell lines studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paclitaxel and radiation used concomitantly produced a clear additive effect at all concentrations and in all vulvar carcinoma cell lines tested. Although no supra-additive effect was observed, the additive effect already in nM concentrations could be beneficial in clinical use and, therefore, requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaakkola
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rantanen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grénman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulmala
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grénman
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D017239:Paclitaxel