title: Adverse reactions to contrast media in CT: effects of temperature and ionic property.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the severity of adverse reactions to contrast media in outpatient computed tomographic (CT) examinations in a conventional clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 4,936 patients, CT was performed with four protocols: ionic contrast medium with sodium meglumine as the cation (in one protocol, contrast material was warmed to 35 degrees C before injection; in another protocol, it was administered at ambient temperature); warmed, ionic contrast medium with nonsodium pure meglumine as the cation; and warmed, nonionic iopamidol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse reactions to ionic contrast material statistically significantly decreased (P<.05) when it was warmed before administration. Reactions to ionic contrast media without a sodium cation were statistically significantly fewer (P<.001) than reactions to those with a sodium cation. In all protocols, pediatric patients had fewer reactions than adult patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In outpatient CT examinations, nonionic, warmed contrast medium was the best option because no severe reactions resulted from its use. Prevalence of adverse reactions was comparable to that in controlled randomized studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Imaging, Centro Scanner, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vergara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seguel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D015995:Prevalence; D013696:Temperature; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008536:Meglumine; D007479:Iopamidol