title: Adenosine release and uptake in cerebellar granule neurons both occur via an equilibrative nucleoside carrier that is modulated by G proteins.
abstract: These is debate about the mechanisms mediating adenosine release from neurons. In this study, the release of adenosine evoked by depolarizing cultured cerebellar granule neurons with 50 mM K+ was inhibited by 49 +/- 7% in Ca2+-free medium. The remaining release was blocked by dipyridamole (IC50 = 6.4 x 10(-8) M) and nitrobenzylthioinosine (IC50 = 3.6 x 10(-8) M), inhibitors of adenosine uptake. Ca2+-dependent release was reduced by 78 +/- 9% following a 21-h pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin, which ADP-ribosylates Gi/Go G proteins, thereby preventing their dissociation. The nucleoside transporter-mediated component of K+-induced adenosine release also was inhibited by 62 +/- 8% by pertussis toxin and was potentiated by 78 +/- 11% following cholera toxin treatment, which permanently activates Gs. Uptake of [3H]adenosine into cultured cerebellar granule neurons over a 10-min period was not dependent on extracellular Na+ but was reduced by dipyridamole (IC50 = 3.2 x 10(-8) M) and nitrobenzylthioinosine (IC50 = 2.6 x 10(-8) M). Thus, adenosine uptake likely occurs via the same transporter mediating Ca2+-independent adenosine release. Adenosine uptake was potentiated by cholera toxin pretreatment (152 +/- 15% of control), but pertussis toxin had no statistically significant effect. It is possible that Gs, Gi/Go, or free Gbetagamma dimer modulate the equilibrative, inhibitor-sensitive nucleoside carrier to enhance adenosine transport.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Sweeney
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D014316:Tritium; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000241:Adenosine; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium