title: A novel nuclear structure containing the survival of motor neurons protein.
abstract: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common, often fatal, autosomal recessive disease leading to progressive muscle wasting and paralysis as a result of degeneration of anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. A gene termed survival of motor neurons (SMN), at 5q13, has been identified as the determining gene of SMA (Lefebvre et al., 1995). The SMN gene is deleted in > 98% of SMA patients, but the function of the SMN protein is unknown. In searching for hnRNP-interacting proteins we found that SMN interacts with the RGG box region of hnRNP U, with itself, with fibrillarin and with several novel proteins. We have produced monoclonal antibodies to the SMN protein, and we report here on its striking cellular localization pattern. Immunolocalization studies using SMN monoclonal antibodies show several intense dots in HeLa cell nuclei. These structures are similar in number (2-6) and size (0.1-1.0 micron) to coiled bodies, and frequently are found near or associated with coiled bodies. We term these prominent nuclear structures gems, for Gemini of coiled bodies.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6148, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dreyfuss
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006367:HeLa Cells; D034722:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U; D034441:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017411:Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; D017381:Spliceosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D034722:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U; D034441:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D017411:Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; C047458:fibrillarin