title: DNA polymerases alpha and beta are required for DNA repair in an efficient nuclear extract from Xenopus oocytes.
abstract: Xenopus oocytes and an oocyte nuclear extract efficiently repair the bulky DNA lesions cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers,(6-4) photoproducts, and N-acetoxy-2-aminofluorene (AAF) adducts by an excision repair mechanism. Nearly all (>95%) of the input damaged DNA was repaired within 5 h in both injected cells and extracts with no significant incorporation of label into control undamaged DNA. Remarkably, more than 10(10) cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or(6-4) photoproducts are repaired/nuclei. The extracts are free from nuclease activity, and repair is independent of exogenous light. Both the high efficiency and DNA polymerase requirements of this system appear to be different from extracts derived from human cells. We demonstrated a requirement for DNA polymerases alpha and beta in repair of both photoproducts and AAF by inhibiting repair with several independent antibodies specific to either DNA polymerases alpha or beta and then restoring repair by adding the appropriate purified polymerase. Repair is inhibited by aphidicolin at concentrations specific for blocking DNA polymerase alpha and dideoxynucleotide triphosphates at concentrations specific for inhibiting DNA polymerase beta.
authors.affiliation: Office of Scientific Director, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ackerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D016590:Aphidicolin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004257:DNA Polymerase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; D016590:Aphidicolin; D004256:DNA Polymerase I; D004257:DNA Polymerase II