title: Effect of malnutrition after acute stroke on clinical outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malnutrition has received little attention in acute stroke, although it represents a risk of decreased immunity and nosocomial infections. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of malnutrition after 1 week of hospitalization in acute stroke and to establish its relation to the stress response and neurological outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 104 patients with an acute stroke of less than 24 hours' duration. Nutritional parameters (triceps skinfold thickness, midarm muscle circumference, serum albumin, and calorimetry) were evaluated at admission and after 1 week. Stress response (free urinary cortisol) was measured daily during the first week. Neurological deficit was evaluated by the Canadian Stroke Scale. Clinical outcome was estimated by the Barthel Index 1 month after the acute stroke. Patients received an oral standard diet or polymeric enteral nutrition when they had swallowing difficulties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein-energy malnutrition was observed in 16.3% of patients at inclusion and in 26.4% after the first week, with a significant decrease in fat (P = .002) and visceral protein compartments (P = .049). Malnourished patients showed higher stress reaction and increased frequency of infections and bedsores in comparison with the appropriately nourished group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that malnutrition after 1 week (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 10.2) and elevated free urinary cortisol (odds ratio, 3.3; confidence interval, 1.05 to 10.2) increased the risk of poor outcome (death or Barthel Index < or = 50 on the 30th day of follow-up) independently of age and nutritional status at admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that protein-energy malnutrition after acute stroke is a risk factor for poor outcome. Early appropriate enteral caloric feeding did not prevent malnutrition during the first week of hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dávalos
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ricart
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Huix
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marrugat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molins
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suñer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Genís
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001132:Arm / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001424:Bacterial Infections; D002151:Calorimetry; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D004032:Diet; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000652:urine; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D006854:Hydrocortisone