title: Treatment of liver metastases of carcinoid tumors.
abstract: Liver metastases imply a major problem in patients with carcinoid tumors. Patients with localized disease should always undergo resection for cure. Patients with distant metastatic disease can also undergo resection for potential cure or symptom palliation because of the slow growth rate of many carcinoid tumors. In patients with the midgut carcinoid syndrome and bilobar hepatic disease we have performed primary surgery to relieve such symptoms as intestinal obstruction and ischemia, followed by successive embolizations of the hepatic arteries to reduce functional tumor burden in the liver. For optimal palliation, all patients with residual tumor were treated by octreotide. In a consecutive series of 64 patients with the midgut carcinoid syndrome we thus attained a 5-year survival rate of 70%. Fourteen of the patients underwent intentionally curative surgery (e.g., primary surgery followed by liver surgery). Of these patients, none died from their tumor disease during the period of study. The value of adjunctive interferon therapy is currently under evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sahlgren University Hospital, Göteborg University, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahlman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Westberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wängberg
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tylén
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scherstén
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Tisell
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008303:Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010166:Palliative Care; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D015282:Octreotide