title: Color doppler imaging of the gallbladder wall in acute cholecystitis: sonographic-pathologic correlation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of color Doppler imaging (CDI) in suspected cases of acute cholecystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients suspected of having acute cholecystitis were prospectively evaluated over a 12-month period using gray-scale and color Doppler technique. Gallbladder wall thickness was greater than 2 mm in all patients included in the study. Pathologic correlation was obtained in 17 patients, with clinical or sonographic follow-up in five for a period of 6-/011001/months. CDI was considered positive only if the mid to fundal wall demonstrated flow. Sonographic Murphy's sign and laboratory values were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients had acute cholecystitis. All had positive color Doppler flow. Wall thickness in these patients ranged between 4 and 10 mm. Three patients with necrotizing acute cholecystitis had no flow within 6-8-mm walls. Six patients with pathologically proven chronic cholecystitis had no evidence of increased flow within thickened walls. Five patients with presumed chronic cholecystitis (thickened wall without increased color flow) were treated medically, and their symptoms resolved. CDI was more sensitive in predicting acute cholecystitis than was the sonographic Murphy's sign and/or laboratory values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDI demonstrates hyperemic changes in thickened gallbladder walls and is an important adjunct in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.
authors.affiliation: Tower Imaging, St. John's Hospital and Health Center, 1328 22nd Street, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sarti
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color