title: Preparation and structure-activity relationship of novel P1/P1'-substituted cyclic urea-based human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protease inhibitors.
abstract: A series of novel P1/P1'-substituted cyclic urea-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors was prepared. Three different synthetic schemes were used to assemble these compounds. The first approach uses amino acid-based starting materials and was originally used to prepare DMP 323. The other two approaches use L-tartaric acid or L-mannitol as the starting material. The required four contiguous R,S,S,R centers of the cyclic urea scaffold are introduced using substrate control methodology. Each approach has specific advantages based on the desired P1/P1' substituent. Designing analogs based on the enzyme's natural substrates provided compounds with reduced activity. Attempts at exploiting hydrogen bond sites in the S1/S1' pocket, suggested by molecular modeling studies, were not fruitful. Several analogs had better binding affinity compared to our initial leads. Modulating the compound's physical properties led to a 10-fold improvement in translation resulting in better overall antiviral activity.
authors.affiliation: Dupont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0500, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nugiel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Kaltenbach
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Worley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: De Lucca
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Smyser
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Klabe
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Bacheler
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Seitz
mesh_terms: D001381:Azepines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011485:Protein Binding; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D014508:Urea; D016333:HIV Protease; C085816:DMP 323; C099851:DMP 450