title: B cells solicit their own help from T cells.
abstract: We have made use of T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mice with CD4+ T cells expressing a receptor specific for the self-antigen C5 (fifth component of complement) to study the role of different antigen-presenting cells in the determination of CD4+ T cell effector type. Contact of T cells from C5 TCR-transgenic mice with C5 protein or C5 peptide in vivo or in vitro induces biased T helper cell (Th) 1 type responses resulting in exclusive production of high levels of interferon gamma and interleukin (IL) 2. Transgenic mice, in contrast to nontransgenic littermates, do not generate an antibody response to C5. We show in this paper that B cell presentation in vitro induces a switch to the Th2 subset indicated by production of IL-4, and targetting C5 to B cells in vivo results in the generation of C5-specific antibodies.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, Division of Molecular Immunology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stockinger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D003182:Complement C5 / Q000276:immunology; D006825:Hybridomas; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000145:classification; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008223:Lymphoma; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013045:Species Specificity; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D003182:Complement C5; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D007371:Interferon-gamma