title: Alterations in calcium channel currents underlie defective insulin secretion in a transgenic mouse.
abstract: A transgenic mouse overexpressing a mutant form of calmodulin (CaM-8) that is selectively targeted to pancreatic beta-cells has an impaired ability to secrete insulin in response to elevated blood glucose. Fluorescence measurements of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) showed that intracellular Ca2+ rises produced by glucose were smaller than normal in beta-cells of CaM-8 mice. Glucose utilization rates were not different between the CaM-8 and control beta-cells, suggesting that glucose metabolism was unperturbed by CaM-8. Ion channel defects were implicated in the phenotype of CaM-8 beta-cells because treatment of these cells with tolbutamide, a blocker of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, produced smaller than normal amounts of insulin secretion and Ca2+ rises. Depolarization with elevated extracellular K+ also produced smaller Ca2+ rises in beta-cells from CaM-8 mice. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that Ca2+ channel currents of beta-cells from CaM-8 mice were half as large as Ca2+ currents in control cells, while the currents carried by delayed rectifier and ATP-sensitive K+ channels were similar in magnitude in both cell types. We conclude that expression of the CaM-8 form of calmodulin causes a down-regulation of Ca2+ channel currents, which reduces Ca2+ entry and accumulation when glucose stimulates closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels. The reduction in intracellular Ca2+ accumulation then prevents an adequate amount of insulin from being secreted from beta-cells of CaM-8 mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ribar
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Means
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Augustine
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011188:Potassium / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014044:Tolbutamide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002147:Calmodulin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D014044:Tolbutamide; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium