title: Demucosalized augmentation gastrocystoplasty with bladder autoaugmentation in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Potential metabolic complications in urinary reconstruction with bowel or stomach are due to the presence of the gastrointestinal mucosal layer. The advantage or disadvantage of each tissue has been debated. We report a procedure in which the mucosa of a gastric pedicle flap is removed and the remaining muscularis flap is transferred to an autoaugmented bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven female and 4 male patients underwent the procedure at our institutions from October 1992 to November 1994. A retrospective chart review was performed to compare preoperative to postoperative urodynamic findings, continence status and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean followup was 23 months (range 8 to 33). Preoperative urodynamics showed an average bladder capacity of 109 cc (range 45 to 200) and compliance of 3 ml./cm. water (range 1 to 6). Urinary continence was achieved in 10 patients on clean intermittent catherization every 3 to 4 hours and 1 was wet due to low urethral resistance. All patients underwent postoperative urodynamics. Bladder capacity increased to 236 cc (range 150 to 300) with an average compliance of 9 ml./cm. water (range 5 to 14). No metabolic complications were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gastric muscularis appears to be preserved along with the native urothelium to provide a compliant tissue that can be an alternative to bowel and stomach for bladder augmentation. Because the procedure involves demucosalizing the gastric patch as well as performing bladder autoaugmentation, operative time is increased compared to normal gastrocystoplasty or enterocystoplasty. However, the lack of metabolic complications and mucus-free urine are important considerations and substantial advantages.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of East Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bagli
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D004842:Epispadias / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013270:Stomach / Q000637:transplantation*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000379:methods*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*