title: Microchip implants on the anterior sacral roots in patients with spinal trauma: does it improve bowel function?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effect of anterior sacral roots stimulator implants on bowel function of patients with spinal cord trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with spinal cord injury and constipation had anterior sacral roots stimulator implants inserted for concomitant bladder dysfunction. Questionnaires on bowel function and anorectal manometry tests were given before and after insertion of the implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients achieved improvement in bowel function. Four of these patients could defecate spontaneously following stimulation. Two patients had no improvement in bowel function. Anorectal manometry studies showed a negative rectoanal pressure difference at the time of stimulation. All patients were unable to defecate during stimulation. Positive rectoanal pressure difference was recorded in the six patients who had improved bowel function. This may be attributable to the slower relaxation of the smooth rectal muscle compared with the easily fatigable striated external anal sphincter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior sacral roots stimulator implants can improve bowel function in patients with spinal cord trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Kour
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008838:Microcomputers; D008875:Middle Aged; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires