title: Primary carcinoid tumor of the liver: report of four resected cases including one with gastrin production.
abstract: Four cases of primary hepatic carcinoid were identified during a retrospective study of liver resections for primary tumor. The cases included two adult males, one adult female, and a 9-year-old boy in whom gastrin levels were documented. The estimation of gastrin levels was prompted by symptoms suggestive of acid-peptic disease. One patient died postoperatively. The other three are alive and well at 3 years, 2 years, and at 1 year, respectively, after surgery, outcomes distinctly different from hepatocellular carcinomas. Diagnostic difficulties may be experienced in histologic assessment, and this may require recourse to immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Long-term follow-up and careful exclusion of a possible primary elsewhere are necessary for establishing the primary nature of liver carcinoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, India.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jagannath
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Desouza
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins