title: Dual role of cAMP and involvement of both G-proteins and ras in regulation of ERK2 in Dictyostelium discoideum.
abstract: Dictyostelium discoideum expresses two Extracellular signal Regulated Kinases, ERK1 and ERK2, which are involved in growth, multicellular development and regulation of adenylyl cyclase. Binding of extracellular cAMP to cAMP receptor 1, a G-protein coupled cell surface receptor, transiently stimulates phosphorylation, activation and nuclear translocation of ERK2. Activation of ERK2 by cAMP is dependent on heterotrimeric G-proteins, since activation of ERK2 is absent in cells lacking the Galpha4 subunit. The small G-protein rasD also activates ERK2. In cells overexpressing a mutated, constitutively active rasD, ERK2 activity is elevated prior to cAMP stimulation. Intracellular cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) are essential for adaptation of the ERK2 response. This report shows that multiple signalling pathways are involved in regulation of ERK2 activity in D.discoideum.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Section, IMP, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Knetsch
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Epskamp
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Segall
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Snaar-Jagalska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000201:enzymology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D018631:ras Proteins