title: Intranasal lidocaine for treatment of migraine: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of intranasal lidocaine for treatment of acute migraine headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community urgent care department.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 81 patients (67 women and 14 men; median age, 42 years; range, 19-68 years) with a chief complaint of headache who fulfilled criteria of the International Headache Society for migraine participated. Patients were excluded if headache had lasted more than 3 days or if the frequency of severe headache was more than once per week.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive a 4 percent solution of intranasal lidocaine or saline placebo, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measure was at least 50 percent reduction of headache within 15 minutes after treatment. Secondary measures include reduction in nausea and photophobia, use of rescue medication, relapse of headache, and change in headache disability scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 53 patients who received intranasal lidocaine, 29 (55 percent) had at least a 50 percent reduction of headache compared with 6 (21 percent) of 28 controls (P=.004). Nausea and photophobia were significantly reduced (P=.03 and P=.001, respectively). Rescue medication for headache relief was needed in 15 (28 percent) of 53 patients in the lidocaine group vs 20 (71 percent) of 28 controls (P<.001). Among those with initial relief of headache, relapse of headache occurred in 10 (42 percent) of 24 in the lidocaine group vs 5 (83 percent) of 6 in the control group (P=.17), usually within the first hour after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intranasal lidocaine provides rapid relief of headache in approximately 55 percent of ambulatory patients with migraine. Relapse of headache is common and occurs early after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills, CA 91365, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maizels
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009325:Nausea; D010159:Palate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013100:Sphenoid Bone; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine