title: Improving outpatient clinic staffing and scheduling with computer simulation.
abstract: Patient flow in an appointment-based, outpatient internal medicine clinic involving multiple, sequential providers-registrar, triage nurse, physician, and discharger-was studied using computer simulation. Provider task time distributions were obtained through a time-motion study and then input into the computer program, which simulated the clinic situation well. Time interval and sensitivity analyses yielded insights into staffing levels, appointment times, and clinic dynamics. A bottleneck provider was shown, and patient time in the clinic was related to the time of appointment and was slowed by having too many doctors in the clinic. Subsequent operational changes significantly decreased the average observed patient total time in clinic from 75.4 (SD 34.2) minutes to 57.1 (SD 30.2) minutes (p < .001, t test).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D009516:New Mexico; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010562:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling Information Systems; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload