title: Daytime sleepiness in an adult, Finnish population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of and the factors associated with daytime sleepiness occurring every or almost every day.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, questionnaire survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 11,354 adults (aged 33-60 years) representative of the Finnish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequency of daytime sleepiness, naps and sleep attacks; occurrence of emotion-associated muscle weakness, sleep debt, insomnia, sleep apnoeas and type of snoring; Beck Depression Inventory score; and the use of hypnotics and tranquillisers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 11.0% of women and 6.7% of men suffered from daytime sleepiness every or almost every day. Amongst those with sleepiness (n = 1,026) 19.5% of women and 42.3% of men reported snoring > or = 3 nights per week, 25% had scores suggesting moderate to severe depression, 11% used hypnotics or tranquilizers on more than 180 days per year, and 9% reported insufficient sleep. Insomnia at least every other day was reported by 20.7% of women and by 28.6% of men. Amongst those with sleepiness, narcolepsy was found in 0.3%, with the diagnosis confirmed in a sleep laboratory evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daytime sleepiness occurring daily or almost daily is most often associated with depression, insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing. In most cases, indications of the cause of sleepiness can be obtained by using simple screening questions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hublin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaprio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Partinen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koskenvuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications; D012913:Snoring / Q000150:complications