title: Sarcoidosis causes abnormal seasonal variation in 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The spontaneous seasonal variations in the calcium regulating hormones 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were investigated in patients with sarcoidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled, prospective observational study with measurements in the winter and summer seasons, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients (age: median 33, range 21-54 years) with biopsy-verified (n = 8) sarcoidosis were included as well as 11 age-matched healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum values of calcium, ionized calcium, phosphate, chloride, bicarbonate, creatinine, albumin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, 1,25-DHCC, and PTH. Also, 24-h whole body retention of 99mTc methylene-diphosphonate was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient group showed an increased level of 1,25-DHCC in the summer season (w:146 +/- 67, s:198 +/- 73 pmol L-1; P < 0.01) in contrast to the opposite finding among controls (w:161 +/- 34, s:144 +/- 43 pmol L-1; P < 0.05). Comparing the individual seasonal changes between the two groups, the difference was marked (P < 0.001). Compared with controls, total serum calcium was elevated in the summer season in the patient group (P < 0.05), in which the same parameter correlated positively with 1,25-DHCC (r = 0.658; P < 0.01). PTH was increased two to three times above the control values throughout the year (patients: w:0.37 +/- 0.13, s:0.24 +/- 0.08 micrograms L-1; controls: w:0.14 +/- 0.09, s:0.10 +/- 0.04 micrograms L-1; P < 0.001); although, the level of this hormone was still found within the reference interval. 24-h whole body bone scintigraphy failed to show any seasonal variation in bone metabolism. In contrast, serum alkaline phosphatase was found to be increased during the summer season compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Angiotensin-converting enzyme showed no seasonal variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In sarcoidosis, 1,25-DHCC is abnormally regulated throughout the year, with a significantly higher serum level in the summer season. Uncontrolled production of 1,25-DHCC in sarcoid pulmonary alveolary macrophages is possibly responsible for hypercalcaemic episodes, and this parameter should be used as a marker of disease activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Esbjerg Centralsygehus, Denmark.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bonnema
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marving
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kvetny
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002117:Calcitriol