title: Medical-legal pitfalls for the breast surgeon: incomplete mammographic localization of suspicious lesions and the correlation between palpable and mammographic abnormalities.
abstract: In approximately 5 per cent of mammographically detected lesions, the mammographic abnormality is present in only one view, either craniocaudal or mediolateral. In such a scenario, the physician has been left with the option of closely following the lesion, hoping it will eventually become apparent in two views, or guessing the approximate location of the lesion for subsequent open biopsy. However, with today's advances in technology, CT scan and its production of a three-dimensional image can compensate for mammography's two-dimensional limitation. With diminished need for identification on two mammographic views, localization in these instances falls more within the realm of possibility. This paper highlights Moffitt Cancer Center's experience with CT-directed breast biopsy as an alternative to close follow-up or blind-biopsy. In addition, because palpable breast abnormalities may not be the same as mammographic abnormalities, the report details the accuracy of CT-directed biopsy in allowing the surgeon to perform precise open biopsy, thus avoiding medical-legal exposure.
authors.affiliation: The Comprehensive Breast Cancer Clinic, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brobeil
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bermann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reintgen
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D013502:General Surgery / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed