title: Combined left-sided recurrent laryngeal and phrenic nerve palsy after coronary artery operation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ice/saline slush used along with cold cardioplegia for heart arrest in cardiac operations can cause hypothermic damage to certain structures, an important one being the left phrenic nerve, damage of which results in raised left hemidiaphragm and delayed recovery of the patient. In coronary artery bypass grafting, opening of the pleura and collection of the ice/saline slush in the pleural cavity increases the incidence of injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three of our nonconsecutive patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with cold cardioplegia and open pleura, with collection of ice/saline slush in the pleural cavity for a sufficiently long time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simultaneous involvement of left recurrent laryngeal nerve along with left phrenic nerve was found in all patients without any concurrent topical injury around the larynx. the recurrent laryngeal nerve took 8 to 10 months to recover.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The left recurrent nerve as it arches around aorta lies in the thorax very close to the parietal pleura and may be prone to hypothermic injury by ice/slush collecting in the pleural cavity during cardiac operations. Judicious use of ice/saline slush had helped in eliminating the problem to some extent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects; D007053:Ice / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000637:transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000293:injuries*; D010994:Pleura / Q000601:surgery; D061226:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries; D012133:Respiratory Paralysis / Q000209:etiology*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D007053:Ice; D012965:Sodium Chloride