title: Persons with dual diagnoses of substance abuse and major mental illness: their excess costs of psychiatric care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the costs of psychiatric treatment for seriously mentally ill people with comorbid substance abuse as compared with mentally ill people not abusing substances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different sources of data were used to construct client-level files to compare the patterns of care and expenditures of 16,395 psychiatrically disabled Medicaid beneficiaries with and without substance abuse: Massachusetts Medicaid paid claims; Department of Mental Health state hospital inpatient record files; and community support service client tracking files.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychiatrically disabled substance abusers had psychiatric treatment costs that were almost 60% higher than those of nonabusers. Most of the cost difference was the result of more acute psychiatric inpatient treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the public health and financial costs of high rates of comorbidity are obvious, the solutions to these problems are not. Numerous bureaucratic and social obstacles must be overcome before programs for those with dual diagnoses can be tested for clinical effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dickey
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azeni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008484:Medicaid / Q000191:economics*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States