title: Association of common health symptoms with bullying in primary school children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of bullying in primary school children and to examine its association with common symptoms in childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semistructured health interview conducted by school nurses as part of a school medical.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newham, east London.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children in year 4 of school during the academic year 1992-93.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reported bullying and common health symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2962 children (93.1% of those on the school roll) were interviewed (ages 7.6 to 10.0 years). Information about bullying was not recorded for 114 children, 22.4% (95% confidence interval 20.9 to 24.0) of children for whom information was available reported that they had been bullied. There was an association between children reporting being bullied sometimes or more often and reporting not sleeping well (odds ratio 3.6, 2.5 to 5.2), bed wetting (1.7, 1.3 to 2.4), feeling sad (3.6, 1.9 to 6.8), and experiencing more than occasional headaches (2.4, 1.8 to 3.4) and tummy aches (2.4, 1.8 to 3.3). A significant trend for increasing risk of symptoms with increased frequency of bullying was shown for all reported health symptoms (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health professionals seeing primary schoolchildren who present with headaches, tummy ache, feeling sad or very sad, bed wetting, and sleeping difficulties should consider bullying as a possible contributory factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, St Bartholoenew's and Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D002648:Child; D003068:Coercion; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D004775:Enuresis / Q000209:etiology*; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012574:Schools; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology