title: Laparoscopic Thal fundoplication in mentally retarded children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increasing number of reports indicate that Thal fundoplication is the procedure of choice in mentally retarded children. With the advent of laparoscopy, Nissen's fundoplication seems to have been repopularized. However, the choice of the operative technique should be based on the merits of the procedure itself rather than the laparoscopic feasibility. The aim of this study is to determine if laparoscopic Thal fundoplication is beneficial for mentally retarded children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 1993 and 1994 laparoscopic Thal fundoplication was performed in 15 mentally handicapped children; 13 also had a feeding gastrostomy. Age varied from 1.5 to almost 17 years (mean 7 years). Mean weight was 18 kg (5-50 kg). All patients underwent an upper GI study and endoscopy as well as pre- and 3 months postoperative pH study. Indications for the procedure were reflux esophagitis in 11 and feeding problems with silent reflux in 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The laparoscopic procedure was converted in the second patient because of bleeding in the hiatus. No further procedure-related intra- or postoperative complications occurred. The mean hospitalization was 3.7 days. No symptomatic postoperative gastroesophageal reflux has been observed. All children have undergone postoperative pH studies, which displayed silent reflux in two. Gastrostomy feeding is well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that Thal fundoplication can be performed laparoscopically in mentally retarded children. The laparoscopic results are comparable to the open Thal procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Wilhelmina, P.O. Box 18009, 3501 CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: van der Zee
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bax
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D018662:Fundoplication; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome