title: beta 2-Glycoprotein I-dependent anticardiolipin antibodies as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes in healthy pregnant women.
abstract: Our aim was to elucidate prospectively whether beta 2-glycoprotein I-dependent anticardiolipin antibodies (beta 2GPI-dependent aCL; autoimmune type) can predict an adverse pregnancy outcome in healthy pregnant women and whether beta 2GPI-dependent aCL should be applied for routine screening of the pregnant population. A prospective cohort study was performed on 1600 healthy pregnant women from whom blood samples were obtained at about week 10 of gestation. We used a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with which to divide the subjects into three study groups: beta 2GPI-independent aCL positive, beta 2GPI-dependent aCL positive and aCL negative. Their subsequent pregnancy outcomes were ascertained and the three study groups were compared statistically for the following poor pregnancy outcomes: intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) after 12 gestational weeks, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and pre-eclampsia. The total number of patients eligible for this study was 1125. The prevalence of beta 2GPI-dependent aCL positive was eight (0.7%), beta 2GPI-independent aCL positive was 17 (1.5%) and aCL negative was 1100 (97.8%). Beta 2-GPI-dependent aCL positivity was significantly associated with poor pregnancy outcome: 25.0% of beta 2GPI-dependent aCL-positive and 0.5% of aCL-negative patients experienced IUFD [relative risk 52.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 12.7-216.3; P = 0.0009]; 37.5% of beta 2GPI-dependent aCL-positive and 2.9% of aCL-negative patients experienced IUGR (relative risk 18.4; 95% CI, 4.6-74.0; P = 0.001); and 50.0% of beta 2GPI-dependent aCL-positive and 4.0% aCL-negative patients experienced pre-eclampsia (relative risk 22.1; 95% CI, 5.7-85.7; P = 0.0002). In contrast, beta 2GPI-independent aCL did not show any significant association with such adverse pregnancy outcomes. beta 2GPI-dependent aCL are significantly highly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in healthy pregnant women and can be used for prediction purposes, whereas beta 2GPI-independent aCL cannot. Our results suggest that routine screening for beta 2GPI-dependent aCL should be introduced for the general pregnant population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yagami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I