Replacement of dietary fat with sucrose polyester: effects on energy intake and appetite control in nonobese males.
In previous experiments using the fat substitute sucrose polyester (SPE, or olestra), no compensatory response was observed on day 2 after experimental manipulations, which reduced the percentage of energy from fat to approximately equal to 30% from 40% on day 1. In the present study a more severe manipulation was made; the amount of energy from fat was reduced from 32% to 20% to determine whether such a reduction would provoke any physiologic or behavioral response. Subjects came to the unit for two, 2-d test sessions. Intake on day 1 was fixed: subjects were given meals containing either control fat (11319 kJ, 32% of energy as fat) or SPE (9561 kJ, 20% of energy as fat). On day 2, intake was ad libitum. On day 1 subjects rated themselves as more hungry while consuming the fat-substituted meals than when consuming the control meals and they disclosed greater hunger in the end-of-day questionnaires. The effect of the manipulation was carried over into day 2. By the end of day 2, subjects had compensated for 74% of the energy (fat) deficit caused by the previous day's manipulation. These results differ from those obtained when fat was reduced from 40% to 30% of energy; this more severe reduction reveals that a reduction in fat of this size can lead to a biobehavioral response. Together, these data suggest that people could change their diet to meet dietary guidelines; however, if a more severe reduction is attempted, adherence may be made more difficult by the strength of the compensatory response.
Cotton
J R
JR
Department of Psychology, University of Leeds, Netherlands.
Weststrate
J A
JA
Blundell
J E
JE
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D013395:Sucrose; C013692:sucrose polyester