title: Interleukin-1beta and glutamate activate the NF-kappaB/Rel binding site from the regulatory region of the amyloid precursor protein gene in primary neuronal cultures.
abstract: We originally reported that members of the family of transcription factors NF-kappaB/Rel can specifically recognize two identical sequences, referred to as APPkappaB sites, which are present in the 5'-regulatory region of the APP gene. Here we show that the APPkappaB sites interact specifically with a complex which contains one of the subunits of the family, defined as p50 protein, and that they act as positive modulators of gene transcription in cells of neural origin. Additionally, the nuclear complex specifically binding to the APPkappaB sites is constitutively expressed in primary neurons from rat cerebellum and it is up-regulated in response to both the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and the excitatory amino acid glutamate. Since IL-1, whose levels are known to be induced in brain of individuals affected by Alzheimer's disease, and glutamate, are stimuli which have been regarded as major actors on the stage of neurodegenerative processes, we believe our evidence as potentially relevant for understanding the neuropathology associated with Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grilli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goffi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Memo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spano
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D014157:Transcription Factors; D018698:Glutamic Acid