title: Breast feeding and seasonal determinants of child growth in weight in east Bhutan.
abstract: In a prospective study of 113 children in rural Bhutan, morbidity, nutritional status and feeding practices were recorded monthly over a period of 32 months. This information was related to seasonal variations in rainfall. Diarrhoea had a negative impact on growth, as measured in monthly intervals, during the second and third years of life, reducing daily weight gain by 4.4 +/- 2.0 g (p<0.0001). this impact was largest during the monsoon season. For respiratory tract infections the value was 2.6 +/- 1.7 g (p<0.01). Growth in weight was lowest during the monsoon period (p<0.0001). Continued breast feeding was associated with an odds ration for diarrhoea of 0.51 (95% CI 0.34-0.78), and for respiratory tract infections of 0.63 (95% CI 0.40, 0.99). Growth in weight was less reduced during the monsoon season for children who were breast fed (2.5 +/- 1.7 g/day) than for those not breast fed (7.5 +/- 3.5 g/day) (p<0.01). We conclude that breast feeding is of particular importance throughout the warm and rainy season.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bøhler
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aalen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergstrøm
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
mesh_terms: D001631:Bhutan / Q000453:epidemiology; D001835:Body Weight; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003968:Diarrhea, Infantile / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D009017:Morbidity; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012621:Seasons