Effects of anesthesia on urodynamic studies in the primate model.
OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the effect of anesthesia on bladder function and urodynamic studies by performing controlled comparisons of the effects of 2 anesthetics on urodynamics in a primate model.


METHODS
Cystometrograms were performed in 4 awake adult female Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) via implantable transducer for continuous monitoring and compared with cystometrograms obtained under anesthetic agents. A total of 183 cystometric studies was performed (48 in the awake group, 74 under ketamine anesthesia and 61 under flurane anesthesia.


RESULTS
Maximum detrusor contraction pressure [Pdet(max)] was significantly lower under flurane than under ketamine anesthesia (33.1 +/- 2.5 versus 49.1 +/- 8.1 cm.H2O). In the awake state Pdet(max) (47.7 +/- 25.2 cm.H2O) was equal to that obtained under ketamine anesthesia. Cystometric bladder capacity was significantly larger under flurane (101.5 +/- 81.8 ml.) than under ketamine (70.3 +/- 56.1 ml.) anesthesia. It was only (32.9 +/- 15.9 ml.) in the awake state. Cystometric bladder capacity under both anesthetics was larger than the mean voided volume (43.3 +/- 6.3 ml.), but was comparable to the largest voided volume (102.3 +/- 31 ml.). Cystometric reflex contractions with bladder filling occurred more frequently with ketamine (96%) than with flurane anesthesia (66%).


CONCLUSIONS
These findings show that anesthesia has profound effects on the bladder, and careful interpretation of urodynamic data is suggested. These findings also suggest that ketamine is a suitable anesthetic for urodynamic studies in the subhuman primate.
Ghoniem
G M
GM
Department of Urology, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA.
Shoukry
M S
MS
Monga
M
M
D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000502:physiology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*
D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine