title: Prognostic factors for survival in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: evaluation by histopathologic grade, pathologic stage and flow-cytometric analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of prognostic factors were performed on 93 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who had undergone cystectomies between 1978 and 1988. All patients underwent DNA flow cytometry by way of paraffin-embedded specimens. In univariate analysis, ploidy status, proliferation index, T stage, lymph node status and histopathologic grade were significant prognostic factors. However, in multivariate analysis, only ploidy status (p = 0.0000) and T stage (p = 0.0254) were significant as prognostic factors. With these two variables, we stratified the patients into three distinct groups with varying degrees of prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean survival time was 91.3 months for group 1 (diploid T3a or less), 71.3 months for group 2 (diploid T3b, T4/aneuploid T3a or less) and 25.7 months for group 3 (aneuploid T3b, T4). Group 1 patients had a significantly longer survival rate than did the group 2 patients. The difference in survival between groups 2 and 3 was also statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that DNA ploidy together with T stage may be a useful prognostic factor when identifying risk groups and planning management of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015653:Cystectomy; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011003:Ploidies; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004247:DNA