title: Pattern of glomerular disease in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: Clinical data and renal biopsy study of 186 adult patients found to have nephropathy and seen at the Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, over a 5-year period (1989 to 1994) were reviewed. Primary glomerular disease accounted for more than three fourths of all patients (79%), and the most common histological lesion was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (40.8%) associated with a high incidence of hypertension (86.7%), nephrotic syndrome (61.7%), hematuria (48.8%), and renal impairment (33.3%). Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis was the second most common lesion (21.1%), followed by membreous glomerulonephritis (13.6%), immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) (13.6%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (9.5%), and minimal change disease (1.4%). Although not as common as in most other developed countries, IgAN is being increasingly recognized in Saudis. Lupus nephritis remained the commonest cause of secondary glomerulonephritis (48.5%), whereas amyloidosis was conspicuously absent. There is no evidence, at least in this series, that chronic infection such as hepatitis B virus infection has a major role in the development of glomerulonephritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and the College of Medicine Research Centre, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mitwalli
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Al Wakeel
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Al Mohaya
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abu-Aisha
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhtar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009393:Nephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology