title: Transesophageal echocardiographic guidance of transseptal left heart catheterization during radiofrequency ablation of left-sided accessory pathways in humans.
abstract: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of left-sided accessory pathways can be achieved using catheters introduced by a retrograde or transseptal approach. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has previously been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious in guiding transseptal puncture in patients during mitral valvuloplasty (MV). This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility, safety, and clinical utility of TEE during transseptal puncture and RFA of left-sided accessory pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  TEE was performed during transseptal puncture in 30 patients (41 +/- 12 years, 19 females), 15 patients during attempted RFA of a left-sided accessory pathway and 15 patients during attempted balloon MV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in age, sex distribution, or procedural complications when MV patients were compared to RFA patients. At baseline, left atrial dimension was increased and congestive heart failure was more common when MV patients were compared to RFA patients (P < 0.05) Adequate baseline two-dimensional and Doppler TEE images were obtained in all patients. One patient sustained mild esophageal bleeding during the TEE. Positioning of the transseptal catheter in the fossa ovalis was facilitated and confirmed by TEE in 29 of 30 cases. One case of cardiac perforation occurred and was associated with inadequate TEE localization of the fossa ovalis. Thrombus was detected on the transseptal catheter by TEE in two cases prior to systemic heparinization. In both cases, thrombus was removed without embolic event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEE safely guides transseptal puncture in patients undergoing RFA of left-sided accessory pathways. TEE markers of the fossa ovalis facilitate puncture and may reduce the risk of cardiac perforation particularly in patients with a normal size left atrium. TEE may be especially valuable for identifying thrombus during transseptal puncture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kazakis
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Geiser
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Conti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery; D014927:Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*