title: Retention of an albumin-bound furan dicarboxylic acid in patients with chronic renal failure or after a kidney transplant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (5-propyl FPA) is a furan dicarboxylic acid which accumulates in the plasma of patients with renal impairment. 5-Propyl FPA is an inhibitor of the binding of drugs to albumin and is also implicated in other aspects of the uraemic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentrations of propyl FPA have been measured in non-dialysis-dependent, chronic renal failure patients and in renal transplant patients by high-performance liquid chromatography. Concentrations of haemoglobin, albumin and creatinine were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a positive correlation between serum creatinine and 5-propyl FPA and a negative correlation between haemoglobin concentration and 5-propyl FPA in chronic renal failure patients. There was a negative correlation between 5-propyl FPA and duration of transplant only when the serum creatinine was >200 microM. The mean plasma concentration of 5-propyl FPA in chronic renal failure patients with plasma creatinine
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retention of 5-propyl FPA may therefore reflect a specific tubular defect in renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporin and points to the possibility that 5-propyl FPA may serve as a marker of tubular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Costigan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Lindup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005663:Furans / Q000097:blood*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011422:Propionates / Q000097:blood*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005663:Furans; D006454:Hemoglobins; D011422:Propionates; D012709:Serum Albumin; C041693:3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid; D003404:Creatinine