title: Coagulation, fibrinolysis and fibrinolysis inhibitors in haemodialysis patients: contribution of arteriovenous fistula.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, not uncommonly, might exhibit thrombotic complications, as well as they may present with a bleeding diathesis. Changes in vessel wall and/or blood flow in native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) might also augment these disarrangements, as vascular endothelium is predominantly involved in the regulation of haemostatic pathways.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the state of coagulation and fibrinolysis and the role of AVF on haemostatic defects, in ESRD patients on maintenance haemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma samples for prothrombin fragment 1+2, thrombin-antithrombin III complex, plasmin-alpha2 antiplasmin complex, tissue type plasminogen activator antigen, urokinase type plasminogen activator antigen, u-PA activity, plasminogen activity, alpha2-antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin assays were obtained from AVF and contralateral large veins of ESRD patients and from peripheral veins of the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicate a predominant thrombotic state as evidenced by activated coagulation markers and enhanced fibrinolysis in systemic circulation of ESRD patients. However the most novel finding is the probable contribution of AVF on haemostatic activation, as proven by the statistically different and positively correlated concentrations of both coagulation, fibrinolysis, and fibrinolysis inhibitors in AVF when compared to the levels in peripheral venous circulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to systemic derangements of haemostasis in ESRD patients, AVF individually might have a substantial role in the modulation of coagulation and fibrinolytic cascade.
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Haznedaroglu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Yalcin
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yasavul
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turgan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caglar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers