title: Positive predictive value of breast biopsy performed as a result of mammography: there is no abrupt change at age 50 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the positive predictive value (PPV) of a biopsy initiated because of an abnormal mammogram changes abruptly at age 50 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PPV and its variation with age was analyzed for 4,778 women who underwent biopsy for a clinically occult abnormality detected at mammography. The relationship of the results to the patient's age was analyzed with age represented as a continuous and two-categorized (< 50, > 50) measure. The latter measure represented an abrupt change, which distinguished those aged 49 years and younger from those aged 50 years and over. With this measure, the patients in each of the two age groups were statistically indistinguishable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were consistent with a steady increase in PPV and the yield of cancers with age, and there was no abrupt change at age 50 years. The modeled PPV for all cancers for these 4,778 patients was approximately 12% for women aged 40 years and increased to 46% by age 79 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PPV did not change abruptly at any age for women aged 40-79 years but increased steadily, which reflects the prior probability of breast cancer at each age. Inappropriate grouping of data can lead to misinterpretation of results. Screening guidelines should not be predicated on the false assumption that this variable changes at age 50 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kopans
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hulka
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Whitman
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Slanetz
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Halpern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests