title: bc1-2 expression facilitates human immunodeficiency virus type-1 mediated cytopathic effects during acute spreading infections.
abstract: The cytopathic effects (CPE) resulting from the infection of CD4+ T cells by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have generally been characterized as single-cell killing associated with apoptosis and/or the generation of syncytia resulting from the direct cell-to-cell transmission of the virus. Little is known, however, about the cellular factors influencing host cell susceptibility to HIV-mediated CPE. Because expression of the antiapoptosis gene, bcl-2, enhances cell viability after exposure to cytotoxic agents or stimuli, the effect of bcl-2 expression on HIV infection of stably transfected T-cell clones was investigated. Unexpectedly, bcl-2 expression by these cells accelerated the kinetics of an acute spreading HIV infection, as evidenced by a rapid loss of culture viability associated with the appearance of CPE and reverse transcriptase activity in the culture supernatant. This unexpected effect of bcl-2 expression results from the arrest of syncytial apoptosis, directly facilitating the cell-to-cell transmission of HIV. In addition, bcl-2 expression is associated with enhanced HIV replication as determined by HIV type 1-specific Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. These results suggest that the inhibition of apoptosis is essential for this mode of viral transmission.
authors.affiliation: Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases,National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sandstrom
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pardi
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chengying
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Folks
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D015870:Gene Expression; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2