title: Obesity in childhood craniopharyngioma: relation to post-operative hypothalamic damage shown by magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the extent of hypothalamic damage after surgery for craniopharyngioma using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to relate the findings to changes in body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three survivors (36 males, 27 females) of childhood cramopharyngioma were treated surgically between 1973 and early 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cranial MRI was performed at a structured follow-up assessment 1.5-19.2 yr after the initial surgery. Hypothalamic damage was scored as 0 (no visible damage), 1 (intermediate), or 2 (severe).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After surgery there was an increase in BMI standard deviation (SD) from diagnosis to study assessment in all but 7 patients. However, patients with MRI scores of 2 (n = 17) had a significantly greater increase in median BMI SD score at follow-up (+5.5 SD score), compared with +2.5 SD score and +1.1 SD score for patients with MRI scores of 1 or 0, respectively. Of the 17 cases with MRI scores of 2, 10 had a history of extreme weight loss or weight gain at presentation; preoperative neuroimaging demonstrated extensive hypothalamic infiltration by tumor in these cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI gives sufficient anatomical definition to allow assessment of the extent of hypothalamic damage and, thereby, prediction of the patients most at risk for severe post-operative weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Medical Unit, Institute of Child Health, London.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: de Vile
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stanhope
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012307:Risk Factors