title: Orthopedic conditions of the cervical spine and shoulder.
abstract: Orthopedic conditions of the cervical spine and shoulder can range from benign to life threatening. A careful history and examination are crucial to evaluate these children, and additional investigations may be necessary. The signs and symptoms in these conditions and the indications for referral are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Epps
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Salter
mesh_terms: D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000503:physiopathology; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002968:Clavicle / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007714:Klippel-Feil Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011542:Pseudarthrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012540:Scapula / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013580:Synostosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014103:Torticollis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*