title: Antiestrogens inhibit endothelial cell growth stimulated by angiogenic growth factors.
abstract: We have previously reported that the partial estrogen antagonists, tamoxifen, clomiphene and nafoxidine, inhibited angiogenesis in vivo in a dose-related manner in the six-day old chick egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In the present study, we investigated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the growth of porcine pulmonary artery and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Both of these growth factors significantly increased the growth of these cells. The antiproliferative activity of the partial antiestrogens, tamoxifen, nafoxidine and clomiphene, and the pure antiestrogen, ICI 182,780, was determined. Tamoxifen, clomiphene, nafoxidine and ICI 182,780 significantly inhibited endothelial cell growth stimulated by bFGF and VEGF. This inhibition of endothelial cells was not altered by the presence of up to 30 microM of estradiol-17 beta. These results indicate that the antiangiogenic action of the antiestrogens does not occur via the estrogen receptor, but by a direct inhibition of growth factor stimulated endothelial cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gagliardi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D013552:Swine; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2