title: Oxygen-controlled regulation of the flavohemoglobin gene in Bacillus subtilis.
abstract: A gene, hmp, which encodes a ubiquitous protein homologous to hemoglobin was isolated among genes from Bacillus subtilis that are induced under anaerobic conditions. The hmp protein belongs to the family of two-domain flavohemoproteins, homologs of which have been isolated from various organisms such as Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes eutrophus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These proteins consist of an amino-terminal hemoglobin domain and a carboxy-terminal redox active site domain with potential binding sites for NAD(P)H and flavin adenine dinucleotide. The expression of hmp is strongly induced upon oxygen limitation, and the induction is dependent on a two-component regulatory pair, ResD and ResE, an anaerobic regulator, FNR, and respiratory nitrate reductase, NarGHJI. The requirement of FNR and NarGHJI for hmp expression is completely bypassed by the addition of nitrite in the culture medium, indicating that fnr is required for transcriptional activation of narGHJI, which produces nitrite, leading to induction of hmp expression. In contrast, induction of hmp was still dependent on resDE in the presence of nitrite. A defect in hmp in B. subtilis has no significant effect on anaerobic growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LaCelle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zuber
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010100:Oxygen