title: Dosing adjustment of 10 antimicrobials for patients with renal impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a program of creatinine clearance-based dosage adjustment of 10 renally eliminated antimicrobial agents and to discuss the utility of such a program in a hospital as a method of quality assurance (by ensuring that patients with renal impairment receive generally accepted dosage adjustments), based on pharmacodynamic principles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients prescribed any of 10 targeted renally eliminated antibiotics were included. Recommendations for dosage adjustment were made to the prescriber based on a calculated creatinine clearance. Additional adjustments in drug therapy were performed, including dosage recommendations of nontargeted drugs, simplification of antibiotic regimens, and conversion of intravenous to oral therapy. A cost analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 6-month study period, 160 dosage changes (7.6% of total number screened) were recommended in 137 patients receiving the targeted antimicrobial agents. Prescribers accepted 147 recommendations (91.9%). A dosage change recommendation was necessary more than 12% of the time for acyclovir, ceftazidime, and imipenem/cilastatin. A cost avoidance of $11,702.08 was realized. Ancillary drug recommendations that were offered and accepted during the program realized a cost avoidance of $6613.75.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This dosage adjustment program using pharmacodynamic principles was successful in optimization of dosing, potential minimization of morbidity caused by excessive dosing, and demonstration of direct and potentially indirect cost avoidance. A dosing program for patients with renal impairment would be of benefit to other clinicians and institutions seeking to optimize patient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College, NY, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Briceland
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lomaestro
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lesar
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bailie
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Drusano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents