title: Mortality associated with anaesthesia at Zimbabwean teaching hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine and analyse peri-operative mortality with particular emphasis on avoidable factors, in the hope that this information will lead to an improvement in standards.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of all anaesthetic-associated deaths (AADs) during the year 1992. All available records were scrutinised and further information was obtained from mortality meetings and confidential discussions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Harare Central and Parirenyatwa hospitals, which are referral centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 34,553 subjects presenting for surgical procedures, there were 89 deaths between 1 January and 31 December 1992.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of AAD, avoidable mortality rate (AMR) and classification of avoidable surgical, anaesthetic and administrative factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of AAD per 1,000 anaesthetics was 2.58. (AAD was defined as death within 24 hours of anaesthesia or failure of a patient, who was previously conscious, to regain consciousness.) There were avoidable factors in 45 (51%) of the deaths. The overall AMR was 1.34 per 1,000 operations (death classified as avoidable if mismanagement contributed to mortality). The AMR (surgical), AMR (anaesthetic) and AMR (administrative) were 0.80, 0.33 and 0.21 respectively. Scoring in each category of avoidability was done proportionately, with a maximum of one point per death awarded where there were avoidable factors). The commonest avoidable factors (in order of frequency) were uncontrolled haemorrhage, poor postoperative management, poor pre-operative management and anastomotic dehiscence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This audit reveals that there were avoidable factors in 51% of peri-operative deaths. It should be possible to reduce the mortality rate by developing preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Eastern General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: McKenzie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000401:mortality* / Q000592:standards; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000401:mortality; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology