title: Laboratory and field evaluation of deet, CIC-4, and AI3-37220 against Anopheles dirus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand.
abstract: Laboratory and field tests of the repellents diethyl methylbenzamide (deet), 1-(3-Cyclohexen-1-yl-carbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220), and (2-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl) acetic acid lactone (CIC-4) were conducted against Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrison, the principal malaria vector in Thailand. In the laboratory, An. dirus was more sensitive to CIC-4 than either AI3-37220 or deet. The duration of protection provided by each repellent in laboratory tests increased with higher concentrations of repellents and when exposed in cages containing fewer mosquitoes. A field study in Chanthaburi Province, southeastern Thailand, during November 1993 tested 25% (wt:wt) ethanol solutions of each repellent against An. dirus. In contrast to the laboratory experiments, protection provided by AI3-37220 was significantly better than either deet or CIC-4 and there was no significant difference between deet and CIC-4. Protection provided by deet and CIC-4 fell to below 95% 2 h after repellent application, whereas AI3-37220 provided > 95% protection for 4 h. The protection provided by all repellents fell to < or = 65% 7 h after repellent application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Frances
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burge
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noigamol
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eikarat
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sripongsai
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wirtz
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D002867:Chromones; D003671:DEET; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007302:Insect Repellents; D009032:Mosquito Control; D010880:Piperidines; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D007302:Insect Repellents; D010880:Piperidines; D003671:DEET; C075891:(2-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl)acetic acid lactone; C075892:1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine