title: Preferences for clinic privileges, retail items and social activities in an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program.
abstract: This study evaluated preferences for various clinic privileges, retail items, and social activities for use in an outpatient opioid dependence treatment program. Fifty-three opioid-dependent patients who received treatment with buprenorphine for at least 30 days rank ordered 11 clinic privileges, 19 retail items, and 8 social activities from the most desirable (a rank of 1) to the least desirable (a rank equal to the number of items in that category). Additional questions determined preference for counseling frequency and dosing levels. The top three mean rankings for clinic privileges were $50 cash for opioid-negative urines (2.8), take-home doses of buprenorphine (3.6), and voucher points for opioid-negative urines (4.7). The top three mean rankings for retail items were restaurant gift certificates (4.1), movie passes (4.9), and videotape movie and player rentals (6.8). The top three mean rankings for social activities were movies (2.4), barbecues (3.8), and hiking trips (4.3). There was no preference reported for increases or decreases in counseling frequency. Seventy-four percent of subjects preferred to increase their buprenorphine dose by an average of 60.84% independent of their present dose. Consistent with previous findings from methadone treatment, cash payments for opioid-negative urines and take-home medication were the highest ranked clinic privileges. These results suggest that various retail items and social activities may also be useful for reinforcing positive treatment outcomes during outpatient opioid treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amass
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Bickel
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Crean
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Badger
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014040:Token Economy
chemical_list: D002047:Buprenorphine