title: An effectiveness community-based clinical trial of Respirgard II and Fisoneb nebulizers for Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis with aerosol pentamidine in HIV-infected individuals. Toronto Aerosol Pentamidine Study (TAPS) Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of a standard jet nebulizer, Respirgard II, and a standard ultrasonic nebulizer, Fisoneb, for the administration of aerosolized pentamidine (AP) as primary and secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-infected individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, nonrandomized, parallel group comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were enrolled in a community-based AP program (APP) between May 1989 and April 1992 in Ontario, Canada. They received AP in either (1) a centralized treatment facility ("clinic") or (2) their attending physician's office or regionalized centers ("nonclinic"). Clinic administration of pentamidine was via Fisomeb; nonclinic via Respirgard II.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised of 1,762 HIV-infected individuals requiring AP for either primary (CD4 < 200/mm3) or secondary PCP prophylaxis. Of these, 1,151 used Fisoneb (clinic) and 611 used Respirgard II (nonclinic).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the primary prophylaxis group, 41 of the 892 patients using Fisoneb (4.6%; mean follow-up, 18 months) compared with 16 of 435 patients using Respirgard II (3.7%; mean follow-up, 14.6 months) developed PCP (p = 0.44). A total of 28 of 259 (10.8%; mean follow-up, 15.3 months) patients using Fisoneb for secondary prophylaxis compared with 11 of 176 (6.3%; mean follow-up, 14.4 months) patients using Respirgard II for secondary prophylaxis developed PCP (p = 0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the difference in dosage (120 mg/mo vs 300 mg/mo), type of nebulizer (ultrasonic vs jet), and frequency of administration (twice vs once monthly), the results of this study indicate that both regimens of AP provide comparable protection against PCP. This study further supports the effectiveness of AP as a solid second-line prophylaxis for HIV-infected individuals who are intolerant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or dapsone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: McIvor
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pack
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rachlis
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D010419:Pentamidine