title: Structural and functional effects of endometrial photodynamic therapy in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine the optical dose required for irreversible endometrial destruction and prevention of implantation by photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hours after drug application 74 female Sprague-Dawley rats received varying doses of 630 nm of light delivered by an intrauterine cylindric diffusing fiber.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 64 J/cm2 in situ optical dose resulted in long-term irreversible endometrial destruction; 43 J/cm2 damaged endometrial stroma and myometrium but not glandular epithelium 1 day after photodynamic therapy. At this lower light dose endometrium regenerated to full thickness within 3 weeks; however, implantation sacs were significantly reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photodynamic destruction of glandular epithelium accompanies irreversible endometrial ablation, whereas isolated stromal damage leads to reproductive impairment only. The optical dose required for endometrial ablation is approximately 1.5-fold higher than for reproductive impairment (functional damage) because of differential cell photosensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92715, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Fehr
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tromberg
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Svaasand
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Berns
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tadir
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid