Methyldibromoglutaronitrile is an important contact allergen in The Netherlands.
From 15 May to 15 December 1994, 2943 patients suspected of having contact dermatitis (1955 women, 988 men) were patch tested with methyldibromoglutaronitrile 0.3%, 0.1% and 0.05% pet. 119 patients (4.0%; women 4.1%, men 3.8%) proved to be allergic. 71% of the reactions were considered to be relevant. In 2/3 of the patients, causative products were cosmetics, in 1/3 moistened toilet tissues. Testing with methyldibromoglutaronitrile at lower concentrations (0.05% and 0.1%) and with commercial allergens (Euxyl K 400 and methyldibromoglutaronitrile, both containing methyldibromoglutaronitrile 0.1%), resulted in a number of false-negative reactions. All preservatives in the European standard series had lower scores than the 4% positive reactions to methyldibromoglutaronitrile (formaldehyde 2.0%, MCI/MI (Kathon CG) 3.2%, parabens 1.0%, quaternium-15 1.3%). It is concluded that methyldibromoglutaronitrile (present in the commercial preservative Euxyl K 400) is an important contact allergen in the Netherlands in cosmetics and moistened toilet tissues. It should be added to cosmetics series and to proctological series. The optimal test concentration is unknow, but may be 0.3% pet. The concentration of 0.1% methyldibromoglutaronitrile in the currently available commercial allergens appears to be too low, resulting in a number of false-negative reactions.
de Groot
A C
AC
Carolus-Liduina Ziekenhuis, Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
de Cock
P A
PA
Coenraads
P J
PJ
van Ginkel
C J
CJ
Jagtman
B A
BA
van Joost
T
T
Joost van der Kley
A M
AM
Meinardi
M M
MM
Smeenk
G
G
van der Valk
P G
PG
van der Walle
H B
HB
Weyland
J W
JW
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens; D002648:Child; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010328:Patch Tests; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000485:Allergens; D009570:Nitriles; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; C039411:1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane