title: Analysis of free-time contingencies as positive versus negative reinforcement.
abstract: Providing a short break contingent on completed work may increase responding through positive reinforcement (e.g., access to preferred activities) or negative reinforcement (e.g., escape form work). In this investigation, three analyses conducted with a boy with profound mental retardation showed that (a) a 20-s break increased responding more than a positive reinforcer (cola) did, and (b) the reinforcing effect of a 20-s break were affected by the availability of positive reinforcers during the break were affected by the availability of positive reinforcers during the break.
authors.affiliation: Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zarcone
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Piazza
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004495:Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D014040:Token Economy