title: Survival factors in 186 patients younger than 40 years old with colorectal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to determine the clinical factors and tumor characteristics associated with the reported poor prognosis in young patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of 186 patients younger than 40 years of age who were treated for primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. The median age was 34.3 years, and the median follow-up period was 9.4 years. Clinical and tumor histopathologic parameters were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regional lymph node metastases, distant metastases, or both, were seen at first examination in 65.6 percent of young patients. Histopathologic indicators of more aggressive tumor biology were present at a significantly higher frequency in young patients compared with patients older than 40 years (p < 0.001). Poorly differentiated tumor grade was present in 41.0 percent, signet-ring cell tumors were found in 11.1 percent, and infiltrating tumor leading edges were present in 69.0 percent of young patients. Among young patients with stage II disease, vascular invasion was a significant negative prognostic variable (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated an increased incidence of three biological indicators of aggressive and potentially metastatic tumor biology in 186 young patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum: signet-ring cell carcinoma, infiltrating tumor edges, and aggressive histologic grade in the primary adenocarcinoma. The increased incidence of these three histologic measures of more aggressive carcinoma of the colon and rectum in part accounts for the higher rate of advanced disease at presentation in patients younger than 40.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cusack
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Giacco
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skibber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Curley
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D018279:Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell / Q000401:mortality; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis