title: Cardiac reflex effects of intracoronary bradykinin in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endogenous production of bradykinin (BK) has been postulated to cause hemodynamic changes and cardiac pain during myocardial ischemia, presumably because of the stimulation of cardiac afferent fibers.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test the hypothesis that BK results in cardiac reflex responses and can cause the sensation of angina, 10 patients with and without coronary atherosclerosis had BK injected into their right (RCA) and left (LCA) coronary arteries in graded concentrations up to 10(-5) m. Patients were monitored for hemodynamic changes and the presence and quality of pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracoronary BK 10(-5) m caused a significant reduction in blood pressure in most patients with either injection into the RCA or LCA (RCA: 151 +/- 10/90 +/- 5 mm Hg to 119 +/- 11/70 +/- 6 mm Hg, LCA: 161 +/- 11/88 +/- 6 mm Hg to 118 +/- 10/65 +/- 6 mm Hg) that began 12 to 14 seconds after injection. Injection into the LCA also resulted in a significant increase in heart rate (69 +/- 4 to 81 +/- 7 beats/minute), while injection into the RCA did not. Pain occurred after changes in blood pressure in all but one patient, which was present in 5 of 9 patients with RCA injection and 8 of 9 patients with LCA injection, and was often associated with flushing and nausea. Pain caused by BK was not similar to previous clinical ischemic pain in the patients with coronary atherosclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of a chronotropic response associated with arterial hypotension following injection of BK into the RCA is consistent with activation of cardiac vagal afferents in the left ventricle. The latency and quality of pain in these patients following injection of BK suggests that, while BK is nociceptive, it likely is not the cause of angina in patients with myocardial ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Laslett
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Longhurst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000502:physiology*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001920:Bradykinin