title: The acute effects of TNF-alpha on the isolated perfused rat liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  TNF-alpha mediates the hepatic response to sepsis by mechanisms which are not well understood. TNF-alpha is known to stimulate the hepatocellular uptake of specific amino acids in vivo; however, little is known about the direct effects of TNF-alpha on hepatic amino acid or glutathione homeostasis, which is a potential factor in the acute hepatic response to sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the isolated perfused rat liver, we characterized the effects of TNF-alpha on the secretion of amino acids and glutathione into bile and perfusate. Livers taken from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with TNF-alpha at a dose of 1 or 2 micrograms. Bile and perfusate were collected for the quantitation of amino acid and glutathione concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of 2 micrograms TNF-alpha resulted in significant increases in biliary and perfusate concentrations of branched chain, gluconeogenic, and total amino acids. TNF-alpha was also associated with dose-related increases in oxygen uptake, and greater biliary concentrations of glutathione.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-alpha has direct effects upon hepatic amino acid metabolism, which represent some of the early events involved in the mechanism of response to sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0526, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Shattuck
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Grinnell
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rassin
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha