title: Effect of acute alterations in afterload on left ventricular function in patients with combined coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of acute alterations in afterload by aortoiliac clamping, during peripheral vascular surgery, on left ventricular function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective examination of the left ventricular long axis and transmitral Doppler flow preoperatively and intraoperatively; before aortic clamping, during clamping and 5 min, 15 min, and 5 days after unclamping.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary referral centre for cardiac and vascular disease equipped with invasive and non-invasive facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 patients (11 men; mean (SD) age 61 (8) years) with significant aortoiliac disease and documented coronary artery disease and 21 normal controls of similar age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively: long axis function was abnormal compared with that in normal controls. In systole total long axis excursion and peak shortening rate were reduced, onset of shortening delayed, and there was pre-ejection lengthening (P < 0.001). In diastole there was abnormal shortening during isovolumic relaxation, delaying the onset of long axis lengthening (P < 0.001). Peak lengthening rate was also reduced and A wave excursion increased (P < 0.001). Transmitral Doppler showed increased A wave velocity and reduced peak E/A diastolic flow velocities ratio (P < 0.001). Intraoperatively: preclamping results did not differ from those before operation. With clamping the extent of systolic and diastolic abnormalities promptly increased as to a lesser extent did those of transmitral flow velocity, although heart rate and blood pressure did not change significantly. Total long axis excursion and A wave amplitude were more reduced by aortic than iliac clamping, whereas the onset of lengthening was more delayed and the lengthening velocity more reduced with iliac clamping. Some 5 min after unclamping systolic long axis function had already returned towards normal; total excursion increased, as did the peak shortening rate, and the onset of shortening became less delayed (P < 0.001). In diastole the delayed onset of lengthening regressed, its lengthening velocity increased, and A wave excursion fell (P < 0.001). Early diastolic transmitral flow velocity also increased. This improvement in systolic and diastolic long axis function had progressed 15 min after unclamping but showed no further change at 5 days. At 5 days after operation, however, systolic and diastolic measurements had improved compared with those preoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resting left ventricular long axis function is abnormal in patients with combined coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease. It is unaffected by anaesthesia but deteriorates with aortic or iliac clamping, although blood pressure remains unchanged. It promptly improves with unclamping after successful peripheral arterial reconstruction. Thus, even in apparently stable coronary artery disease, resting subendocardial function is labile, showing pronounced alterations with changing after-load, even when arterial pressure itself does not change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Henein
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kakkar
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gillbe
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D003250:Constriction; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003971:Diastole; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010701:Phonocardiography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left