title: Effect of elective prolonged urethral catheterization on serum prostate-specific antigen concentration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of an indwelling catheter on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. PSA is an organ (prostate)-specific marker, and its level can be elevated in various pathologies as well as following urologic manipulations. An elevated marker may indicate the presence of prostate cancer. In the presence of an indwelling catheter, our inability to decide whether an elevated PSA value represents genuine pathology or is related to the catheter itself is often of great clinical importance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted on 21 men with an indwelling catheter inserted electively for major nonurologic abdominal surgery to determine its influence on PSA concentration. Sera were collected before catheter insertion, 2 hours after, and then every day (average, 16 days). Catheters were left in place for an average of 5.5 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up data compared to baseline and to the previous day's PSA concentrations revealed no significant change in any of the subjects. In 2 men with elevated preinsertion PSA levels (more than 10.0 ng/mL), the change over time did not differ in magnitude from changes in the other 19 men with normal pretreatment values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inserting a urethral catheter and maintaining it for several days does not result in any clinically or statistically significant change in PSA levels. PSA values obtained in patients with an indwelling catheter are reliable and independent of its presence. An elevated level mandates prompt evaluation to exclude prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matzkin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hareuveni
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Braf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors; D014521:Urethra; D014546:Urinary Catheterization
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen