title: Delayed gastric emptying after gastric surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reported incidence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after gastric surgery is 5% to 25% and usually is based on operations for peptic ulcer disease. Ongoing improvements in perioperative care, nutritional support, and new prokinetic drugs may have had a beneficial effect on the frequency and course of postoperative DGE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We therefore studied our recent experience with DGE in 416 patients who had gastric surgery for ulcer disease (283), cancer (92), or trauma and other indications (41) between January 1985 and December 1993. DGE was defined as inability to eat a regular diet by postoperative day 10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DGE occurred in 99 of 416 patients (24%). In 75 of these 99 patients, a postoperative contributing factor for DGE was identified. These factors were sepsis (32), anastomotic edema and leaks (23), obstruction (4), pancreatitis (3), multiple system organ failure (5), and miscellaneous conditions (8). In 24 patients there was no obvious cause for DGE; these patients recovered with nutritional support and time. Re-operation specifically for gastric stasis was not performed. Among the 99 patients with DGE, 67% were eating by day 21, 92% by 6 weeks, and 100% by 10 weeks. Significant risk factors for DGE were diabetes (55%), malnutrition (44%), and operations for malignancy (38%). The Whipple procedure had the highest incidence of DGE (70%), highly selective vagotomy the lowest (0%), while truncal vagotomy had no significant effect. The response to metoclopramide was 20% and unpredictable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DGE continues to affect a considerable number of our patients (24%) after gastric surgery and is particularly common in patients with diabetes, malnutrition, and gastric or pancreatic cancer. However, gastric motility does return in 3 to 6 weeks in most patients and the need for re-operation for gastric stasis is rare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bar-Natan
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Massey
mesh_terms: D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000601:surgery; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013270:Stomach / Q000601:surgery*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D008787:Metoclopramide