title: Small hepatocellular carcinoma: differentiation from adenomatous hyperplasia with color Doppler US and dynamic Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the usefulness of color Doppler ultrasound (US) and dynamic Gd-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the differentiation of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adenomatous hyperplasia (AH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight small (3 cm or less) nodular lesions (in 38 cirrhotic patients) with US features consistent with HCC underwent evaluation with color Doppler US and MR imaging. Breath-hold T1-weighted rapid acquisition spin echo MR sequence after bolus injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine was used to evaluate dynamic enhancement. US-guided tissue-core percutaneous biopsy established the diagnosis: HCC in 28 cases and AH in 10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Color signals with pulsatile or continuous Doppler spectrum were demonstrated in 19 of 28 HCCs (68%) but in none of the AHs. Although there was considerable overlap in signal intensity between HCC and AH on both unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted images, early enhancement on breath-hold T1-weighted images obtained 40 s after starting contrast administration was observed in 22 of 28 HCCs (79%) but in none of the AHs. In 26 of 28 HCCs (93%), pulsatile or continuous flow at color Doppler US, early enhancement at dynamic MR imaging, or both were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings with color Doppler US and dynamic Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging enable a reliable distinction between small HCC and AH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lencioni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascalchi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caramella
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bartolozzi
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA