title: Alterations in respiratory mechanics after laparoscopic and open surgical procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of laparoscopic and open surgical procedures on postoperative strength and respiratory mechanics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one women aged 21 to 62 years scheduled to undergo elective cholecystectomy or hysterectomy (or related procedures), otherwise in good health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy or hysterectomy (or related procedures).
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximum voluntary handgrip strength (HGS), forced vital (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) were each measured preoperatively and on the first postoperative morning. A visual analogue pain scale score was evaluated in relation to performance of the postoperative strength and respiratory measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VC, FEV1, and MIP, but not HGS, were decreased after surgery. Postoperative VC, FEV1, and MIP were lower after open procedures than after laparoscopic procedures and after cholecystectomy than after hysterectomy (all p < 0.001). Pain scores were lower after laparoscopic than after open procedures (p < 0.005) and could account in part for differences in postoperative respiratory mechanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cholecystectomy and hysterectomy do not result in generalized muscle weakness, unlike more major abdominal procedures. Postoperative alterations in respiratory mechanics are related to the site of the surgery, the use of an open versus a laparoscopic approach and postoperative pain.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ont.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kimberley
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Watters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics