title: Phonophoretic delivery of 10% hydrocortisone through the epidermis of humans as determined by serum cortisol concentrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether application of hydrocortisone phonophoresis enhances transcutaneous delivery of topically applied hydrocortisone in humans, as determined by blood cortisol levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 16 men and women, between the ages of 18 and 33 years (X = 25, SD = 2.74), without symptoms of any ongoing inflammatory condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A gel coupling medium containing 10% hydrocortisone acetate was used. Ultrasound was delivered over a 50-cm2 area for 5 minutes at an intensity of 1.0 W/cm2 and a frequency of 1.0 MHz. Each subject received a control treatment (ultrasound alone) and an experimental treatment (hydrocortisone phonophoresis) on the volar aspect of the forearm 1 week apart. Blood was drawn, under both control and experimental conditions, from a cubital vein just proximal to the treatment site prior to each treatment and 0,5, and 15 minutes posttreatment. Serum cortisol concentrations were measured using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No rise in serum cortisol concentrations following hydrocortisone phonophoresis was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that there was no penetration of hydrocortisone through the epidermis and into the underlying vasculature. Clinical implications regarding hydrocortisone levels within the subcutaneous tissues are discussed, and further research is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Blanchfield Army Community Hospital, Ft Campbell, KY 42223, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bare
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: McAnaw
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Struebing
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smutok
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Domenech
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bare
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bloodworth
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Seal
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D016231:Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D015612:Phonophoresis; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C071627:Aquasonic; D005782:Gels; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D006854:Hydrocortisone