title: Leakage measurement during selective limb perfusion using a gamma probe.
abstract: The objective of this study was to establish a probe system for intraoperative quantitative leakage measurement during selective limb perfusion for adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy in patients with malignant melanomas. We used a portable gamma probe with digital display and investigated the physical properties in a phantom study simulating blood pool activity at different angles of the probe to the surface and different distances. In 20 patients the limb circulation was surgically separated from the systemic blood circulation, and the limb was then selectively perfused (cytostatics added) for 60 min. Initially, 15 MBq technetium-99m labelled autologous red blood cells was injected into the limb circulation, and an equal amount was kept as a standard. Every 10 min, blood samples were drawn from the body circulation and count rates were simultaneously measured by the probe system at the lower end of the sternal body. At the end of perfusion, the circulation of the limb was reconnected, the standard injected into the systemic circulation, and a blood sample drawn after 10 min. All blood samples were counted for calculation of leakage in terms of percent of the injected dose, and the results compared with the intraoperative count rates of the probe system. In the range of leakage observed in this study (0%-86%), the count rate of the probe system (corrected for blood volume, i.e. for body surface) correlated with the results of conventional measurement (r=0.92) according to the equation: %leakage=counts per sx[1.2xbody surface (m2)-1.19]. In conclusion, the use of the described probe system is a feasible approach for leakage quantification which continuously yields data during selective limb perfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sandrock
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horst
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gatzemeier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghorbani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rauschecker
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Munz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Emrich
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001830:Body Surface Area; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005121:Extremities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012588:Scintillation Counting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013667:Technetium
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013667:Technetium