title: Mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier can be reversibly converted into a large channel by Ca2+.
abstract: Single-channel current measurements of excised patches with reconstituted purified mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) indicates the presence of a large low cation selective (PK+/PCl- = 4.3 +/- 0.6) channel. The channel conductance has multiple sublevels and varies from 300 to 600 pS. It has low probability of current fluctuations at Vhold up to 80-100 mV of both signs and is reversibly gated at Vhold > 150 mV. The opening of the channel is Ca(2+)-dependent (1 mM Ca2+) and can be reversibly closed on removal of Ca2+. It is strongly pH dependent and closes completely at pHex 5.2. The AAC-specific inhibitor bongkrekate inhibits the channel partially and completely in combination with ADP, whereas carboxyatractylate did not affect the conductance. The effects of these AAC-specific ligands prove that the channel activity belongs to AAC. The AAC-linked conductance can clearly be differentiated from the porin channel, rarely detected in our preparations. The properties of the AAC-linked channel coincide with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MTP), which is also affected by the AAC ligands [Hunter, D. R., & Haworth, R. A. (1979) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 195, 453-459] and resembles the mitochondrial "multiconductance channel" [Kinnally, K. W., Campo, M. L., & Tedeschi, H. T. (1989) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 21, 497-506] or "megachannel" [Petronilli, V., Szabo, I., & Zoratti, M. (1989) FEBS Lett. 259, 137-143]. Therefore we conclude that the AAC, when converted into a large unselective channel, is a key component in the MTP and thus is involved in the ischemia-reperfusion damage and cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. The channel opening in AAC is proposed to be caused by binding of Ca2+ to the cardiolipin, tightly bound to AAC, thus releasing positive charges within the AAC which open the gate.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Physical Biochemistry, University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brustovetsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klingenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000226:Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D000226:Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases; D002118:Calcium