Allelic variation in the cagA gene of Helicobacter pylori obtained from Korea compared to the United States.
OBJECTIVE
Helicobacter pylori is an important factor in the development of duodenal ulcer disease and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma. It has been suggested that the cagA gene is a marker for more virulent strains of H. pylori.


METHODS
We determined the prevalence of the cagA gene in 60 clinical isolates [34 from gastric carcinoma patients (CA), 26 from duodenal ulcer patients (DU)] from Korea, a country with a high incidence and mortality from gastric cancer. Genomic DNA was polymerase chain reaction-amplified by using two different primer sets for the cagA gene. The first cagA primer set amplifies a 297-bp product from the midregion of the cagA gene. The second primer set, which was previously established in a patient population from the Houston area (21 DU patients, 20 from individuals with asymptomatic gastritis) amplified a 1.4-kb region further downstream in the cagA gene.


RESULTS
The expected 297 bp polymerase chain reaction amplicon for cagA was identified in 59/60 (98.3%) H. pylori isolates from Korea (33/34 CA, 26/26 DU), and in 36/41 (88%) isolates from the Houston area (20/21 DU, 16/20 asymptomatic gastritis) (NS). Using the second cagA primer set, the expected 1.4-kb product was found in only 1/60 (1.7%) H. pylori isolates from Korea (1/34 CA, 0/26 DU), and in 36/41 (88%) of isolates from the Houston area (20/21 DU, 16/20 GST) (p < 0.001). Western blot analysis showed that all Korean H. pylori isolates expressed cagA.


CONCLUSIONS
The high prevalence of the cagA gene in H. pylori isolates from Korean patients with gastric adenocarcinoma or duodenal ulcers indicates that the cagA gene is common in H. pylori strains, and therefore, is not reliable as a single marker for the discrimination of H. pylori strains with respect to a specific disease. Our data further suggest that allelic variations in the genome of H. pylori strains may exist and that distinct H. pylori populations may circulate in different geographic regions.
Miehlke
S
S
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Kibler
K
K
Kim
J G
JG
Figura
N
N
Small
S M
SM
Graham
D Y
DY
Go
M F
MF
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000382:microbiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology; D014481:United States
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori