title: Value of three-dimensional gradient-echo magnetic resonance cholangiography in diagnosing choledocholithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six consecutive patients with suspected choledocholithiasis (11 men and 15 women ranging in age from 25 to 81 years) underwent three-dimensional gradient-echo MRC; each patient also underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography or operative cholangiography. Each set of images for each patient was reviewed independently by a radiologist who was unaware of the results of the other type of imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnostic-quality MRC images were obtained for 17 of the patients. Of these, 13 had stones in the common bile duct, as confirmed by another imaging method, and MRC indicated the presence of these stones in all 13 patients. In the other four patients bile duct obstruction was due to either acute pancreatitis (in three) or cholangiocarcinoma (in one). For seven of the nine nondiagnostic-quality MRC studies, the bile duct was not obstructed, so there was no bile stasis and the MRC images could not be obtained. Motion artifacts due to inability to hold the breath were the limiting factors in the other two patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although MRC has some limitations, this new noninvasive technique may be used as a screening test in selected patients with suspected choledocholithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Sask.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loewy
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D015641:Radiography, Interventional