title: Induction of ovulation in clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome with pulsatile GnRH.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of pulsatile GnRH alone and in combination with clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins in a stepwise approach for inducing ovulation in women with clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty women with clomiphene-resistant anovulatory infertility and PCOS were given subcutaneous pulsatile GnRH (15 micrograms every 90 minutes) using a portable infusion pump. If no follicular development was seen, clomiphene citrate (100 mg/day for 5 days) was given concurrently with the hormone in the next cycle of treatment. Those who still failed to ovulate regularly were treated with combined pulsatile GnRH with intramuscular gonadotropins (one ampule per day for 5-7 days). RESULTS. Sixty-six of 131 (50%) pulsatile GnRH cycles, 94 of 142 (66%) pulsatile GnRH with clomiphene cycles, and 48 of 69 (70%) pulsatile GnRH with gonadotropin cycles were ovulatory. Monofollicular response (one follicle at least 14 mm on the day of ovulation) occurred in 80.6, 83.9, and 53.6% of cycles, and multifollicular response occurred in 4.8, 3.1, and 21.6% of cycles in the three groups, respectively. Mild ovarian hyperstimulation occurred in one of the 342 cycles. The cumulative conception rate was 30% after three cycles, 60% after six cycles, and 73% after nine cycles. The miscarriage rate was 22% (ten of 45 pregnancies), and 35 women (78%) had live births (33 singletons and two sets of twins).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of subcutaneous pulsatile GnRH alone and in combination with clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins for induction of ovulation in clomiphene-resistant PCOS in a stepwise approach produces a high cumulative conception rate associated with a low rate of multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farhi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Homburg
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011673:Pulsatile Flow
chemical_list: D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D006062:Gonadotropins; D002996:Clomiphene; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone