title: Restraint stress changes heart sensitivity to arrhythmogenic drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of acute restraint stress on ventricular electric stability (VES) and its mechanisms of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  VES was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro by the changes of arrhythmogenic responses to icv or ip aconitine in rats and iv BaCl2 or adrenaline in rabbits following restraint stress for different durations. Pretreatments and the assay of heart-specific enzymes were made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The heart sensitivity to these drugs was promoted after stress for 2 h, but obtunded after stress for 8 h (the latency of ventricular arrhythmia to icv aconitine was shortened from 4.1 +/- 0.9 min in control rats to 2.9 +/- 0.9 min after stress for 2 h, P < 0.05; but prolonged to 9.3 +/- 3.8 min after stress for 8 h, P < 0.05). In Langendorff heart, the changes of VES induced by stress were similar to those in vivo, but to lesser degree. Pretreatment with adrenalectomy inhibited the descending phase of VES, while pretreatment with both aminophylline and vagotomy remarkably depressed the ascending phase at 8 h. In addition, the serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase and their isozymes, LDH1 and CK-MB, were elevated at 2 h, and rose continuously at 8 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute restraint stress causes biphasic changes of VES. The initial decrease of VES was related to adrenal catecholamine release, whereas the following increase of VES was ascribed to adaptive decrease of cAMP and vagal activation. The changes of VES did not always parallel the injury of heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, China.
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: D X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Q P
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000157:Aconitine; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017609:Barium Compounds; D002712:Chlorides; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D017609:Barium Compounds; D002712:Chlorides; C024986:barium chloride; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000157:Aconitine