title: Evaluation and management of hemoptysis in infants and children. A report of nine cases.
abstract: Hemoptysis is an occasional complication of adult pulmonary disease and is rare in children. The most common causes in adults are infection, bronchiectasis, pulmonary neoplasm, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary infarct, and trauma; in children the most common causes are infection and congenital abnormalities of the cardiopulmonary vasculature. Nine cases of hemoptysis in seven infants and two children will be presented. Two cases were fatal, thus illustrating the importance of rapid and definitive therapy early in the course. One of the fatal cases is the first case report in the otolaryngological literature of fatal hemoptysis in the newborn as a result of vascular anomalies associated with an absent left pulmonary artery. Eight cases of various causes, including small vessel vascular abnormality, trauma, recurrent pulmonary infection, and laryngotracheal papilloma, are discussed. The literature is reviewed, embryology is discussed, and a mechanism of death is theorized for the patient with the congenital vessel anomaly. Management considerations for hemoptysis in infants and children are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38105, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Stocks
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schoumacher
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hamdan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009184:Mydriatics; D010656:Phenylephrine; D002444:Cefuroxime