title: Life-events and psychiatric symptoms in a general psychiatry clinic: the role of intrusion and avoidance.
abstract: Recent literature has been concerned with the relationship between life-events and psychological symptoms, and more particularly studies of communities subsequent to disasters have suggested the presence of intrusive cognitions to be a mediating variable. In this investigation new patients presenting to a general community psychiatric clinic over a four-month period completed a brief life-event scale, the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Appropriate statistical methods were employed to model the intervening role of IES scores between numbers of life-events and subsequent psychiatric symptomatology. Data was collected on 48 subjects, for whom it was shown that IES score accounted for the reporting of psychiatric symptoms following adversity. It appeared to be the dimension of cognitive intrusion that mediated this effect, with cognitive avoidance occupying a subsidiary, reactive role. There was also evidence of specific relationships between intrusion and anxiety and somatic subscales of the GHQ, and between avoidance and depression. Despite small numbers and simple measures, the findings supported the post-disaster studies, and raises further questions about the emotional processing of adversity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Spurrell
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: McFarlane
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000523:psychology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*