title: Metal ion induced autoimmunity.
abstract: Metal-induced autoimmunity is a well established but poorly understood phenomenon. Recent work has begun to elucidate the molecular interactions of metal ions with immune cells and self-proteins. Metal-induced presentation of cryptic self-peptides emerges as a possible mechanism for activation of 'metal-specific' T cells, challenging the hypothesis of a random polyclonal activation of T and B cells by metals. A preferential T-helper cell type 2 response is involved in metal ion induced systemic autoimmune disease.
authors.affiliation: Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Griem
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gleichmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008670:Metals / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D018448:Models, Immunological; D051381:Rats; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D016207:Cytokines; D006241:Haptens; D008670:Metals