title: Repeatedly successful closure of the larynx for the treatment of chronic aspiration with the use of botulinum toxin A.
abstract: Botulinum toxin A was used preoperatively to temporarily paralyze the intrinsic laryngeal muscles to hinder movements during the healing period after operation. In addition, toxin was injected into the cricopharyngeal muscle to allow a better passive drainage of the saliva into the esophagus. We treated six patients. Three suffered from chronic aspiration problems after multiple lower cranial nerve lesions, and three patients were apallic (after stroke and major brain injury). Two weeks before scheduled operation, we injected the toxin into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, the aryepiglottic muscles, and the vocalis muscle on both sides, as well as the cricopharyngeal muscle. The amount of injected toxin varied between 1.0 and 1.4 mL, equal to 200 to 280 units of botulinum toxin A (Dysport). After a complete palsy of these muscles (controlled by direct electromyography), a closure of the larynx was performed. After laminotomy and exposure of the intralaryngeal structures, the false vocal cords were mobilized and adapted with sutures. Because involuntary movements of the intralaryngeal musculature were absent, primary healing without complications occurred in all cases. Aspiration and related complications disappeared in all patients. In addition, the intensity of patient care could be considerably reduced. Preoperative use of botulinum toxin A allows sufficient laryngeal closure. This procedure is especially useful in the treatment of children and young adults, preserving the ability of later speech rehabilitation because of the return of voluntary movements of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles 6 months after the injection. Furthermore, this technique, as minimal surgical intervention, can be performed in high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pototschnig
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Eckel
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Thumfart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007830:Larynx / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014139:Tracheostomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins