title: Double phase parathyroid technetium-99m-MIBI scintigraphy to identify functional autonomy in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: Double-phase 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) parathyroid scintigraphy has been proposed to detect hyperplastic parathyroid tissue, but the clinical usefulness of this technique in secondary hyperparathyroidism is still debated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Technetium-99m-MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy associated with parathyroid echography and [99mTc]pertechnetate thyroid scans were performed on 38 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. In all patients, serum calcium, phosphorus, FT3, FT4, TSH, calcitonin and intact PTH (iPTH) were determined. Nine patients eventually underwent neck exploration and 28 parathyroid glands were removed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thyroid diseases were excluded in all patients. Echography revealed parathyroid enlargement in 22/38 (58%) patients, while MIBI scintigraphy was positive in 28/38 (74%), including 5 ectopic glands. Mean serum iPTH concentration was significantly higher in MIBI-positive glands compared to MIBI-negative glands, but several discrepancies were observed in single patients. A significant positive correlation between serum iPTH and gland size was observed when MIBI-positive, but not MIBI-negative, parathyroids were considered. A paradoxical positive correlation between serum calcium and iPTH concentrations was found in MIBI-positive patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy is positive in the majority of patients with uremic hyperparathyroidism. Comparison of scintigraphic data with morphological and functional data strongly suggests that 99mTc-MIBI scans do not reveal simple parathyroid enlargement but rather, identify the presence of hyperfunctioning (autonomous) parathyroid tissue suggestive of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piga
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolasco
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Satta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Altieri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolosi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarquini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mariotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D002118:Calcium