title: Isolation of 20 glycosides from the starfish Henricia downeyae, collected in the Gulf of Mexico.
abstract: Thirteen new (1-13) and seven known (14-20) steroid glycosides were isolated from Henricia downeyae, collected from the offshore waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Ethanolic extracts of these starfish caused growth inhibition in bacteria and fungi, potent antifouling activity against barnacle and bryozoan larvae, and feeding deterrent activity against a marine fish. The known compounds are typical glycosides found in several species of the family Echinasteridae, i.e., Echinaster sp. and Henricia laeviuscola. One of the new compounds belongs to this group, whereas the remaining 12 new compounds represent a novel series of steroid glycosides which have aglycons with structural similarities to the "asterosaponins". They possess a delta 9(11) 3 beta, 6 alpha-dihydroxysteroidal aglycon with 23-oxo or 22,23-epoxy functionalities and often a 20-hydroxyl group in the side chain. The sulfate is located at C-6 and the saccharide moiety at C-3, in contrast with the asterosaponins which have the sulfate at C-3 and the oligosaccaride moiety at C-6. All the new compounds contain a glucuronic acid unit, which is uncommon among steroid glycosides from echinoderms. The structures of the new compounds, isolated in amounts ranging from 3.4 to 0.9 mg, were determined by interpretation of their spectral data and by comparison with spectral data of known compounds.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palagiano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zollo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iorizzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McClintock
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016339:Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment; D013215:Starfish / Q000737:chemistry*; D013256:Steroids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D013256:Steroids