title: Cytoplasmic localization of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase directed by its NH2-terminal, leucine-rich short amino acid sequence, which acts as a nuclear export signal.
abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is activated in cytoplasm in response to extracellular signals and then is translocated to nucleus. A directed activator for MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), stays in cytoplasm to transmit the signal from the plasma membrane to MAPK. Here we show that MAPKK contains a short amino acid sequence in the N-terminal region (residues 32-44), which acts as a nuclear export signal (NES) and thus is required for cytoplasmic localization of MAPKK. This NES sequence of MAPKK, like that of protein kinase inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase or Rev, is rich in leucine residues, which are crucial for the NES activity. Furthermore, the NES peptide of protein kinase inhibitor, as well as the NES peptide of MAPKK, inhibited the nuclear export of ovalbumin conjugated to the NES peptide of MAPKK. These results may suggest a common mechanism of nuclear export using a general leucine-rich NES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishida
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D007930:Leucine; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D011494:Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D007930:Leucine