title: Rationale of lymph node dissection for breast cancer--from the viewpoint of analysis of axillary lymphatic flow using activated carbon particle CH40.
abstract: In order to rationalize lymph node dissection for breast cancer, we reviewed regional lymphatic flow from the mesial and outer half of the breast using intra-tumoral injection of activated carbon particles (CH40). Seventy patients with breast cancer were included in this study. Cancers were located in the mesial half of the breast in 25 cases and in its outer half in 41 cases. Since regional lymph nodes were blackened by CH40, lymph node dissection was performed easily and small lymph nodes could be readily examined. The average number of resected nodes in each case was 29.4. When CH40 was injected into the mesial half of the breast, the rates of blackened nodes (number of macroscopically blackened lymph nodes/number of total removed lymph nodes) in the stations were 46.6% (No. 1a), 41.4% (No. 1b), 62.1% (No. 1c), 61.8% (No. 2), 69.2.% (No. 2h), and 65.6% (No. 3). When CH40 was injected into outer half of the breast, those were 62.0% (No. 1a), 64.3% (No. 1b), 68.7% (No. 1c), 75.3% (No. 2), and 67.8% (No. 2h). Regardless of tumor location, the rates of blackened nodes were high in each station. In conclusion, regardless of tumor location it is impossible to determine the level of axillary dissection for breast cancer. It should be all or nothing.
authors.affiliation: First Dept. of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimotsuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008196:Lymph / Q000502:physiology*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon