title: Bacterial 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction in the detection of intra-amniotic infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect early subclinical intraamhiotic infection. We used universal primers which amplify a DNA fragment of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from all known bacteria and sequenced the positive samples to identify the bacterial species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transabdominally obtained amniotic fluid samples from 20 pregnant women with prelabour rupture of the fetal membranes (PROM), showing no signs of clinical infection, and 16 control samples were analysed with universal bacterial PCR. In addition, routine bacterial culture and amniotic fluid glucose were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 20 PROM patients, five were positive in the PCR. PCR detected Ureaplasma urealyticum in two cases, Haemophilus influenzae in one case, Streptococcus oralis in one case and Fusobacterium sp. in one case. Only two of these were positive in a routine bacterial culture. Both were multibacterial infections, which caused discrepancies between the PCR and culture results. Two patients developed infectious complications: both were identified with the PCR assay. Amniotic fluid glucose was lower in PCR positive patients compared with PCR negative patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial 16S rDNA PCR, in properly controlled conditions, promises to be a fast and reliable test for early intra-amniotic infection especially concerning Ureaplasma urealyticum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jalava
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mäntymaa
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ekblad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toivanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skurnik
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alanen
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000382:microbiology*; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016990:Ureaplasma urealyticum / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal