title: Obesity and risk of gallstone development on a 1200 kcal/d (5025 Kj/d) regular food diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies report a greatly increased risk of gallstone formation in obese persons during periods of caloric restriction on very low calorie formula diets. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of gallstone development in moderately obese patients losing weight on a prescribed 1200 kcal/d (5025 Kj/d) regular food diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive sample of 70 men and women (body mass index > 25 kg/m2) (mean +/- SD, 28.9 +/- 2.8 kg/m2) responding to an announcement of an outpatient weight loss program in a major metropolitan research and teaching hospital were enrolled in a meal replacement program which prescribed 1200 kcal/d (5025 Kj/d) consisting of regular foods with approximately 20 g/d fat (15% of kcal) for 16 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants who completed the study (n = 34) lost a mean of 5.1 +/- 3.6 kg (p < 0.001) (range, +2.7 kg to -12.5 kg; 6.7 +/- 5.0% of body weight, range +/-3.1% to -17.0%; 0.36 +/- 0.25 kg/week) with no clinically significant adverse effects. There were no discernible new gallstones as measured by ultrasonography during the study period. Liver enzyme blood concentrations did not change significantly after 16 weeks except for alkaline phosphatase, which decreased by 4.5 mu/l from a mean initial level of 72.7 mu/l (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight loss over 16 weeks on a 1200 kcal/d (5025 Kj/d) regular food/approx 20 g/d fat (15% of kcal) diet was not accompanied by a high rate of gallstone formation in moderately obese persons.
authors.affiliation: Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heshka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fittante
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Heymsfield
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Pi-Sunyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase