title: Fetal cells in maternal blood: recovery by charge flow separation.
abstract: Fetal blood cells can be recovered from the maternal circulation by charge flow separation (CFS), a method that obviates the risks associated with amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling. By CFS, we processed blood samples from 13 women carrying male fetuses, 2 carrying fetuses with trisomy 21, and 1 who had delivered a stillborn infant with trisomy 18. On average more than 2000 fetal nucleated red blood cells were recovered per 20-ml sample of maternal blood. Recovery of fetal cells was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes for chromosomes Y, 18 and 21. After culturing of CFS-processed cells, amplification by the polymerase chain reaction revealed Y-chromosomal DNA in clones from four of six women bearing male fetuses, but not in clones from three women bearing female fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38103, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wachtel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sammons
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manley
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wachtel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Twitty
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Utermohlen
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Taron
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koeppen
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ruffalo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Addis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porreco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murata-Collins
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McGavran
mesh_terms: D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D014314:Trisomy; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics