title: Increased risk of heart valve regurgitation after mediastinal radiation for Hodgkin's disease: an echocardiographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess by echocardiography the occurrence and degree of late cardiac sequelae after treatment for Hodgkin's disease by radiation and chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Norway from 1980 to 1988, 129 patients < 50 years old with Hodgkin's disease had curative treatment with mediastinal radiation, with or without chemotherapy. 116 (90%) of these patients (mean (SD) age 37 (7) years, 67 males) were examined by echocardiography 5-13 years after treatment. 40 healthy individuals (mean (SD) age 40 (11), 20 males) were examined as controls. All those examined were in regular sinus rhythm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grade > 1 (scale 0-3) aortic and/or mitral valvar regurgitation was found in 24% of the patients (15% aortic, 7% mitral, and 2% aortic+mitral), affecting 46% of the females v 16% of the males (P < 0.001). Female gender was a significant risk factor for aortic and mitral regurgitation (odds ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 11.2), whereas age, period of follow up, radiation dose, and chemotherapy were not. Thickened pericardium was diagnosed in 15% of the patients. No risk factors were identified. No cases of pericardial thickening or valvar regurgitation grade > 1 were recorded in the control group. Mean values for measured and calculated indices of systolic and diastolic function were within the normal range for patients and controls. The patients had reduced E/A ratio compared with the healthy controls (E/A 1.1 v 2.0, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal left sided valvar regurgitation was detected in one fourth of the patients, affecting the aortic valve in more than half of the cases. Females had an increased risk of valvar regurgitation. Echocardiographic screening after high-dose mediastinal radiation is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ihlen
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Abrahamsen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nome
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kongerud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stugaard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Forfang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography