title: Reliability of computer image analysis of pigmented skin lesions of Australian adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis of melanomas at an early stage is associated with improved survival, so the recognition of changes in pigmented skin lesions over time is important. We have developed a computer imaging system with the aim of assisting clinicians in differentiating early melanomas from benign pigmented skin lesions. The objective of this study was to investigate the system's reliability over time in measuring diagnostic characteristics of pigmented skin lesions, including their color, size, shape, and distinctness of boundary.
  
  
  METHODS
  We captured video images of 5 lesions, all larger than 2 mm in greatest dimension, on each of 66 Australian adolescents on 2 occasions approximately 1 month apart. Features extracted by computer image analysis included area, perimeter, and regularity of outline of the lesions, the mean and standard deviation of reflectance at red, green, and blue wavelengths, and the mean and standard deviation of the gradients of red, green, and blue reflectance at the lesion boundary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All measurements showed moderate to high reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.66-0.94), except for the standard deviations of the color gradients, whose reliability improved to moderate levels (0.68-0.71) when the mean of 5 lesions was considered. For most outcomes, reasonable within subject reliability was achieved when five lesions per subject were measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results, in combination with previous work demonstrating the reasonable ability of this computer imaging system to discriminate between malignant melanomas and other pigmented lesions, indicates that the system has the potential to become a useful tool for clinicians in following people with pigmented lesions over time to detect early malignant changes.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pfitzner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Battistutta
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003116:Color; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology*; D009506:Nevus / Q000473:pathology; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology; D011793:Queensland; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014427:Twins; D014743:Videotape Recording