title: The risk of abortion and stillbirth in antithrombin-, protein C-, and protein S-deficient women.
abstract: Hereditary deficiencies of the naturally occurring anticoagulants are well recognized conditions predisposing to recurrent venous thromboembolism. Since thrombotic phenomena have been implied as a cause of abortion and stillbirth, we hypothesized that these deficiencies increase the risk of fetal demise. A group of 129 female subjects who had been pregnant at least once and who had a family member with documented venous thrombosis associated with a deficiency of AT, PC or PS were studied. We first assessed the obstetric history and subsequently determined the deficiency status. In the 60 deficient subjects 42 (22.3%) of the 188 pregnancies resulted in miscarriage or stillbirth as compared to 23 (11.4%) of the 202 pregnancies in the 69 non-deficient subjects. The relative risk of abortion and stillbirth per pregnancy for deficient women as compared to non-deficient women was 2.0 (95% C.I. 1.2-3.3).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sanson
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Friederich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simioni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zanardi
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Hilsman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girolami
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: ten Cate
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Prins
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D020152:Antithrombin III Deficiency; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D020151:Protein C Deficiency; D018455:Protein S Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors