title: Sibling reflux: a dual center retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Siblings of index patients with vesicoureteral reflux are known to have an increased incidence of reflux. Previous reports may be biased due to significantly more female siblings undergoing screening. In addition, it has been suggested that screening is unnecessary in older children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of probands with vesicoureteral reflux. A total of 422 families comprising 622 siblings was identified at our centers from 1985 to 1994. Of the 255 boys and 277 girls newborn to 16 years old (mean age 6.2 years) 85% were evaluated. Almost 43% of the probands (225) were older than 7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 144 siblings (52 boys and 92 girls, 27%). The majority had low grade reflux but in 111 (77%) maximum reflux grade was II or III. Reflux nephropathy was demonstrated on a nuclear renal scan in 18 of the 132 tested siblings (13.6%). In all of these children reflux was grades II to IV and 27% were older than 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When vesicoureteral reflux is discovered, all siblings should be considered for screening. The evaluation of older siblings remains controversial, since they comprise only a small fraction of all siblings with reflux but may have a significant portion of reflux nephropathy. There was a 27% overall incidence with a 33% rate in girls. The incidence of reflux in siblings decreased after age 7 years but reflux nephropathy was identified even in the older children.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zerin
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ritchey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*