title: Lead poisoning associated with the use of Ayurvedic metal-mineral tonics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to confirm the connection between lead poisoning and the use of traditional Ayurvedic metal mineral tonics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 29 subjects (26 adults and three children) who had previously taken Ayurvedic metal mineral tonics. All subjects were tested for lead absorption by blood lead, erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and erythrocyte protoporphyrin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen samples of Ayurvedic preparations were obtained from 15 subjects and analyzed for lead content. Five adult subjects with established lead poisoning received chelation therapy. In Ayurvedic preparations a wide range of lead content was found (0.9-72,990 micrograms Pb/g; 0.35-29,900 micrograms Pb/capsule or tablet). The blood lead, erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and erythrocyte protoporphyrin of the subjects, grouped according to the remedies used, correlated with the lead content in the preparations (p < 0.001). Chelation therapy was successful in normalization of laboratory findings and clinical recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ayurvedic metal-mineral tonics are again identified as a potential source of high lead. The import of such tonics should be strictly controlled.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prpić-Majić
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pizent
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jurasović
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pongracić
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Restek-Samarzija
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002214:Capsules / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017523:Croatia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D008875:Middle Aged; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D013607:Tablets / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D013607:Tablets; D007854:Lead; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase