title: Bloodstream infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the population in whom bloodstream infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococci occur and the clinical and microbiologic features of infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1, 1991, to January 31, 1994, 73 patients with bloodstream infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococci were identified by retrospective review of hospital charts and microbiology records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two (73%) of 71 patients with evaluable data were hospitalized in an intensive care, unit, the adult oncology unit, or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome unit. Before the development of the bloodstream infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci, patients were hospitalized and received antibiotics for a median of 26 and 25.5 days, respectively. A hematologic malignancy, respiratory failure, or renal failure requiring dialysis was present in 59 patients (83%). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores of the patients ranged from 6 to 35 (median, 17). Forty-five (63%) of the patients died. Compared with 37 patients who had only a single positive blood culture, the 34 patients with 2 or more blood cultures positive for vancomycin-resistant enterococci more often were neutropenic or had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (74% vs 35%; P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bloodstream infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococci predominantly affect severely ill patients who have received extensive antibiotic treatment during a prolonged hospitalization. Immunocompromised patients are more likely to have a persistent blood-stream infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Montecalvo
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Shay
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tacsa
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Wormser
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin