title: Relationship between early patterns of cerebral extraction of oxygen and outcome from severe acute traumatic brain swelling: cerebral ischemia or cerebral viability?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate outcome from severe acute traumatic diffuse brain swelling, in relation to early patterns of global cerebral extraction of oxygen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neuroscience intensive care unit of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults (n = 205) with acute, essentially isolated brain trauma (predominantly diffuse brain swelling), undergoing routine early monitoring of cerebral extraction of oxygen and intracranial pressure, along with other monitoring modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routine neuroemergency procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cerebral extraction of oxygen (arteriojugular oxyhemoglobin saturation difference) was measured in each patient, early in the acute phase (2 to 8 hrs postinjury). Outcome at 6 months postinjury was significantly better in patients with initially increased cerebral extraction of oxygen (>42%) than in those patients with normal (24% to 42%) or decreased (<24%) values. In contrast, no significant differences were found among these three groups with respect to age, initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, PaCO2, total hemoglobin content, and time from injury when the initial measurements were performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initially increased cerebral extraction of oxygen appears to indicate global cerebral viability rather than cerebral ischemia in patients with acute traumatic diffuse brain swelling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19102-1192, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D010108:Oxyhemoglobins