Viral, host and environmental risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study in Haimen City, China.
To identify specific environmental, viral, and genetic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the interaction of such factors, we are conducting a prospective study in a high-incidence area of China. Questionnaires were completed and biosamples collected by 60,984 men ages 30-64 years, at study entry. Within 2.5 years, 183 deaths from HCC had occurred. Each HCC case was matched with 5 controls and compared for items on the questionnaire. In addition to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the significant risk factors were: occupation (peasant), corn consumption (in the 1970s), family history of HCC, and history of an episode of acute hepatitis as an adult. HBV, consumption of aflatoxins, a genetic factor, and possibly a second hepatitis virus infection contribute to the risk of HCC.
London
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WT
Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
Evans
A A
AA
McGlynn
K
K
Buetow
K
K
An
P
P
Gao
L
L
Lustbader
E
E
Ross
E
E
Chen
G
G
Shen
F
F
D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections