title: Methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy and cystectomy for unresectable bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We combined chemotherapy and surgery to improve local control and survival of patients with unresectable bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 41 patients with unresectable bladder cancer (T4bNX/N + M0) received methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (M-VAC) chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy when possible. End points were response to M-VAC, local control and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minimum followup was 4 years (range 4 to 7). Of the 41 patients 14 (34%) achieved a complete (T0) and 27 (66%) achieved an incomplete (T+) clinical response to M-VAC, including 29 who underwent exploration and 24 who underwent cystectomy. Definitive surgery was not done in 17 patients due to lack of response to M-VAC with local or systemic tumor progression, or refusal. Nine patients (22%) are alive, including all but 1 after cystectomy for T0 disease, and 2 had T+ tumor confined to the bladder for longer than 5 years. None of the patients with no response or tumor progression on M-VAC survived. Resection of extravesical disease after M-VAC in 16 patients did not prolong survival or improve local tumor control. Six patients required laparotomy for palliation of tumor related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that patients who present with unresectable bladder cancer may benefit from M-VAC and definitive surgery, especially when disease is T0 and P0 status. Surgery may salvage select cases of advanced pelvic tumor down staged by chemotherapy to tumors pathologically confined to the bladder. Alternative treatment strategies are needed for the majority of patients with locally advanced bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Urology (Department of Surgery), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donat
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bajorin
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Fair
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sogani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheinfeld
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014747:Vinblastine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D008727:Methotrexate