title: "ADAM' or "EVE'?--a toxicological conundrum.
abstract: The 3,4-methylenedioxy ring-substituted amphetamines, including "ADAM' and "EVE', are currently popular drugs of abuse. Adverse reactions are reported in the clinical literature but few fatal cases are documented and little toxicological data is available to guide those determining the cause or manner of death in such cases. We report two deaths presenting in a similar manner and with similar clinical features. Various body fluid samples were analysed for amphetamines by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In one case, amphetamine alone was detected at levels of 1.54 mg/l and 1.47 mg/l in postmortem blood and admission serum, respectively. The other involved several 3,4-methylenedioxy ring-substituted amphetamines, namely MDA, MDMA and MDEA, at levels of 0.25 mg/l, 0.43 mg/l and 0.3 mg/l, respectively in postmortem femoral blood and 0.24 mg/l, 0.55 mg/l and 0.49 mg/l in admission blood. The interpretation of these toxicological results and some novel legal issues are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Dundee Royal Infirmary, UK.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D006708:Homicide; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine; D000661:Amphetamine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; C051800:3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine