title: Drug leads from the Kallawaya herbalists of Bolivia. 1. Background, rationale, protocol and anti-HIV activity.
abstract: Aqueous, organic and alcoholic extracts of over 100 samples of 60 species of Kallawaya medicinal herbs representing 30 plant families were assayed to compare their toxicity and ability to protect MT-2 T-lymphoblastoid cells from the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The results are reported as a therapeutic index (TI) which was > 25 for eighteen species, including seven > 50 and one > 100. The anti-HIV activity resided primarily in the aqueous rather than in the organic extracts and was concentrated in plants used in ethnomedicine to treat lung and liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University (TCU), Fort Worth 76129, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdel-Malek
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bastien
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Mahler
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zalles-Asin
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000438:Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry; D001838:Bolivia; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D010936:Plant Extracts