title: Simultaneous magnetic resonance phase and magnitude temperature maps in muscle.
abstract: Noninvasive magnetic resonance temperature maps that are used to monitor thermal ablation of tissue are described. In magnetic resonance images, thermally induced proton nuclear magnetic resonance frequency shifts, and changes in the longitudinal relaxation time produce both phase and magnitude changes in the MR signal. Temperature maps with improved sensitivity are derived from the complex-difference nuclear magnetic resonance signal. Bovine muscle specimens were heated with focused ultrasound to model thermal surgery and create a known thermal distribution to test the method. Resulting MR images acquired in 2 s produce temperature maps with 1 min resolution and 2 degrees C temperature sensitivity. The temperature sensitivity was increased by extending the acquisition to 5 s, by decreasing the receiver bandwidth, and increasing the echo time.
authors.affiliation: GE Corporate Research and Development, Schenectady New York 12309, USA.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Cline
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hynynen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Jolesz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014465:Ultrasonics