title: Stimulation of alpha 2 adrenoceptors dilates the rat middle cerebral artery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists are used as adjuncts to anesthetics, their effects on the cerebrovascular circulation are of prime importance. We studied changes in the diameter of rat middle cerebral arteries after stimulation of alpha 2 adrenoceptors with UK14,304.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat middle cerebral arteries were isolated, cannulated at each end with a glass micropipette, and pressurized to 85 mmHg. The middle cerebral arteries were immersed in a bath (37 degrees C) containing physiologic saline solution, and luminally perfused with physiologic saline solution (100 microliters/ min). Changes in vessel diameter were measured after magnification with a microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resting diameter of the middle cerebral arteries was 239 +/- 13 microns (n = 8) for the first study. A dose-dependent dilation was produced by addition of UK14,304 to the extraluminal bath; a 10-15% increase in diameter occurred at a concentration of 10(-4)M. The dilations produced by UK14,304 were blocked with selective alpha 2-antagonists, idazoxan and rauwolscine, but not by the selective alpha 1-antagonist, prazosin. The dilations could be blocked by removal of the endothelium, or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10(-5) M). The inhibitory effects of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester were reversed with the addition of 10(-3) M L-arginine, but not 10(-3) M D-arginine. Furthermore the dilation produced by UK14,304 was completely abolished with pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the stimulation of alpha 2 adrenoceptors with UK14,304 produced a dilation in the rat middle cerebral artery that (1) was dependent on intact endothelium, (2) involved nitric oxide, and (3) acted via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Swafford
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Childres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019329:Idazoxan; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004146:Dioxanes; D007093:Imidazoles; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D001120:Arginine; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D019329:Idazoxan