title: Routine EEG and temporal lobe epilepsy: relation to long-term EEG monitoring, quantitative MRI, and operative outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relation among routine EEG, long-term EEG monitoring (LTM), quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and surgical outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 159 patients with intractable TLE who underwent an anterior temporal lobectomy between 1988 and 1993. The epileptogenic temporal lobe was determined by ictal LTM. A single awake-sleep outpatient EEG with standard activating procedures was performed before LTM. EEGs were analyzed by a blinded investigator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRI scans showed unilateral medial temporal atrophy (109 patients) or symmetrical hippocampal volumes (50 patients). The surgically excised epileptogenic brain tissue revealed mesial temporal sclerosis, gliosis, or no histopathologic alteration. Routine EEG revealed temporal lobe epileptiform discharges in 123 patients. Routine EEG findings correlated with the temporal lobe of seizure origin (p < 0.0001) and the results of MRI volumetric studies (p < 0.0001). Interictal epileptiform discharges were seen only during LTM in 24 patients. Routine EEG was disconcordant with interictal LTM in another 20 patients. MRI-identified unilateral medial temporal lobe atrophy was a strong predictor of operative success (p < 0.0001). There was no significant relation between the routine EEG findings and operative outcome (p > 0.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study modified our approach in patients with TLE. Interictal epileptiform discharges localized to one temporal lobe on serial routine EEGs or during LTM may be adequate to identify the epileptogenic zone in patients with MRI-identified unilateral medial temporal lobe atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Cascino
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Trenerry
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Sharbrough
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Lagerlund
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zupanc
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jack
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D002648:Child; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome