title: [Prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease in pregnant diabetic women].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the difference in the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease among non-diabetic, type-II diabetic and pregnant diabetic women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the period from June 1993 to January 1994, a cross-sectional study was carried out at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología among 160 pregnant women; eighty non-diabetic women were included in the control group, while 40 type-II diabetic and 40 gestational diabetic women conformed the study group. In each patient the following variables were recorded: age, week of pregnancy, the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth Index, the Gingival Index, and the Extent and Severity Index. Statistical analysis was carried out using Analysis of Variance and the Multiple Range Test, with a 95% confidence internal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the groups had similar prevalences of dental caries (100%). Type-II diabetic women showed a higher prevalence of gingivitis (42.5%) than non-diabetic (36.25%) and gestational diabetic (10%) women, but the differences were not statistically significant between the non-diabetic and type-II diabetic women. Type-II diabetic women had a statistically significant higher prevalence of periodontal disease (12.5%) than the women in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is very important to establish proper metabolic control and a fitting oral hygiene in pregnant diabetic women, since type-II diabetes was shown to be associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal disease. Besides, gestational diabetes is likely to pose a high risk of periodontal disease in the absence of preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (FO, UNAM).
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Pérez
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Díaz-Romero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barranco-Jaubert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borges-Yáñez
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Avila-Rosas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009911:Oral Hygiene Index; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics
vernacular_title: Prevalencia de caries dental, gingivitis y enfermedad periodontal en la paciente gestante diabética.