title: Cardiovascular system related peptides and hypothalamic neurons.
abstract: The hypothalamus is known to be an integrative site of cardiovascular, endocrine and autonomic functions. Our previous studies, using extracellular, intracellular and/or whole cell patch-clamp recordings in rat hypothalamic slice preparations, revealed that cardiovascular related peptides such as atrial natriuretic polypeptides (ANP), B-type polypeptides (BNP), endothelin (ET), angiotensin II (AII) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) influence the hypothalamic neurons. ANP modulated the firing rates in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). BNP inhibited the SON neurons and these effects were mediated through cGMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase. ET also inhibited approximately 60% of SON neurons. By using slice patch-clamp techniques, AII inhibited the transient outward potassium current in the SON neurons. IL-1 beta increased the firing rate and depolarized the membrane of the most SON neurons. A new type of transmitter, nitric oxide (NO), identified as an endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), modulated the glutaminergic inputs of the SON neurons. The results suggest that cardiovascular related peptides and NO modulate the neuronal activity of neurosecretory cells in the SON.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inenaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagatomo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kabashima
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D016232:Endothelins / Q000502:physiology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013495:Supraoptic Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D010455:Peptides; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor