title: Opposing effects on blood pressure following the activation of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors in raphe obscurus in the anaesthetized rat.
abstract: The microinjection of L-glutamate (1-6 nmol/rat) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA 1-10 nmol/rat), ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) agonists, into the nucleus raphe obscurus caused a concentration -dependent increase of arterial blood pressure. In contrast, (+/-)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD, 14-42 nmol/rat), a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluRs) agonist, caused a concentration-dependent decrease in blood pressure. Pretreatment with D,L-2-amino-phosphono valeric acid (2-APV, 5 nmol/rat) a selective NMDA iGluR antagonist, and (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,b] cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK801, 0.9 nmol/rat), a noncompetitive NMDA iGluR antagonist, blocked both the glutamate and NMDA pressor responses, while pretreatment with (+)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG, 0.05 nmol/rat), a mGluR1 antagonist, increased the glutamate-induced pressor effects and blocked the fall in blood pressure induced by t-ACPD. 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 0.4 nmol/rat) a non-NMDA iGluR antagonist, did not affected the glutamate-induced hypertension. These observations indicate opposing roles for ionotropic and metabotropic receptors in the glutamate-induced blood pressure changes elicited from the nucleus raphe obscurus. Moreover, we suggest that the glutamate-induced hypertension may be due to the activation of NMDA ionotropic receptor subtypes and the metabotropic receptors may influence this activation through a reduction of excitability at level of synapses.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 2nd University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pizzirusso
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Novellis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D003515:Cycloleucine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014633:Valine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D009498:Neurotoxins; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D003515:Cycloleucine; C036361:1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane; C079694:alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; C056639:2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid; D014633:Valine; D005998:Glycine