Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus identify a cellular protein required for virus spread from cell to cell and virus-induced polykaryocytosis.
Glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is required for stable attachment and penetration of the virus into susceptible cells after initial binding. We derived anti-idiotypic antibodies to the neutralizing monoclonal antibody HD1 to gD of HSV-1. These antibodies have the properties expected of antibodies against a gD receptor. Specifically, they bind to the surface of HEp-2, Vero, and HeLa cells susceptible to HSV infection and specifically react with a Mr 62,000 protein in these and other (143TK- and BHK) cell lines. They neutralize virion infectivity, drastically decrease plaque formation by impairing cell-to-cell spread of virions, and reduce polykaryocytosis induced by strain HFEM, which carries a syncytial (syn-) mutation. They do not affect HSV growth in a single-step cycle and plaque formation by an unrelated virus, indicating that they specifically affect the interaction of HSV gD) with a cell surface receptor. We conclude that the Mr 62,000 cell surface protein interacts with gD to enable spread of HSV-1 from cell to cell and virus-induced polykaryocytosis.
Huang
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Departmental of Experimental Pathology, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Campadelli-Fiume
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D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D002459:Cell Fusion; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D006801:Humans; D008360:Mannosephosphates; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000254:growth & development*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014779:Virus Replication
D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D008360:Mannosephosphates; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C039447:glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1