title: Differential diagnosis and management of very low second trimester maternal serum unconjugated estriol levels, with special emphasis on the diagnosis of X-linked ichthyosis.
abstract: Incorporation of maternal serum unconjugated estriol into the calculation of risk may increase the yield of serum screening performed during pregnancy for detection of fetal chromosomal and structural anomalies. The differential diagnosis of very low and undetectable levels of unconjugated estriol in maternal serum is discussed, with special emphasis on the prenatal diagnosis of X-linked ichthyosis. The prenatal detection of these findings dictates skilled genetic counseling, targeted sonographic evaluation and examination of fetal karyotype and fetal cDNA for Xp 22.32 with amniotic fluid levels of cortisol, STS, and ASC.
authors.affiliation: Obstet & Gynecol Department, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zalel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kedar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tepper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drugan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fejgin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beyth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004964:Estriol / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D007057:Ichthyosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004964:Estriol