title: The effect of physical activity on serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations varies with apolipoprotein E phenotype in male children and young adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
abstract: Apolipoprotein E (apo E) determines serum total (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol concentrations and is thus associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. We studied if the effect of physical activity (PA) on serum TC and LDL-C concentrations varies with apo E phenotype in a population-based sample of children and young adults with regular PA. The study cohort consisted of subjects aged 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 years in 1986 (N = 1,498) participating in a large multicenter study of cardiovascular risk factors in children and young adults. Serum lipid concentrations were determined enzymatically, and apo E phenotypes by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. The composition of the diet was determined by a 48-hour recall method, and a PA index was calculated on the basis of frequency, intensity, and duration of activity assessed by a questionnaire. LDL-C (P = .0082), TC (P = .014), and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/TC ratio (P = .0004) responses to exercise varied with apo E phenotype. The effect of PA on LDL-C, TC, or HDL/TC was not found in apo E phenotype E4/4. A moderate inverse effect of PA on TC and LDL-C and a positive effect on HDL/TC was found in subjects with E4/3 and E3/3 phenotypes. Similar but stronger associations were found between these variables within the group of E3/2 males. The effect of PA on serum lipid levels was strongest within the phenotype E3/2. These associations were not explained by dietary habits. Apo E phenotype partly determines the effect of PA on serum TC and LDL-C in Finnish male children and young adults with regular PA.
authors.affiliation: Helsinki Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taimela
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Porkka
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol