title: Characterization of RAFTK, a novel focal adhesion kinase, and its integrin-dependent phosphorylation and activation in megakaryocytes.
abstract: We have recently isolated a cDNA encoding a novel human intracellular tyrosine kinase, termed RAFTK (for a related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase). The RAFTK cDNA, which encodes a polypeptide of 1,009 amino acids, shares 65% homology to the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), including several consensus motifs. In this report, we describe the biochemical characterization and functional analysis of the RAFTK protein. Coexpression of RAFTK and FAK proteins in megakaryocytic cells and blood platelets was observed. Using a specific antibody to RAFTK and the monoclonal antibody 2A7 to FAK, FAK and RAFTK could be distinguished antigenically. RAFTK had intrinsic tyrosine kinase and autokinase activities. It was phosphorylated on tyrosine in growing cultures of COS cells transfected with the pCDNAIII/flag-RAFTK expression vector containing the RAFTK cDNA ligated with the 8 amino acid flag peptide sequence. Similar to FAK, dephosphorylation of RAFTK was observed when adherent transfected COS cells were detached. Phosphorylation was regained upon replating of these cells on the fibronectincoated dishes. Analysis of tyrosine-phosphorylated RAFTK from adherent transfected COS cells showed that the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of the Src and Fyn protein kinases as well as the Grb2 adaptor protein were able to specifically associate with RAFTK. Tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenous RAFTK was observed upon fibronectin-induced activation of human megakaryocytic cells. Furthermore, colocalization of RAFTK protein with vinculin, a focal adhesion protein, was observed by confocal microscopy in focal adhesion-like structures in adherent CMK cells and in transfected pCDNAIII/flag-RAFTK COS cells upon fibronectin activation. These data suggest that RAFTK is a novel member of the FAK family, that it localizes to focal adhesion-like structures in CMK megakaryocytic cells, that it participates in integrinmediated signaling pathways in megakaryocytes, and that it is able to associate with the tyrosine kinases Src and Fyn as well as the adaptor protein Grb2 via SH2-phosphotyrosine interactions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Deaconess Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Avraham
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avraham
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000201:enzymology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051418:Focal Adhesion Kinase 2; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000502:physiology*; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013045:Species Specificity; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014162:Transfection; D016596:Vinculin / Q000032:analysis; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D000939:Epitopes; D005353:Fibronectins; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; C495948:GRB2 protein, human; D016023:Integrins; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016596:Vinculin; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051418:Focal Adhesion Kinase 2; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human