title: Contractile and coronary vascular effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in neonatal pig hearts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to investigate the influence of the 38-amino-acid neuropeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP38), on contractile function and coronary vascular tone in neonatal hearts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated, paced (150 bpm), isovolumically-beating, piglet hearts (n = 19) underwent retrograde aortic perfusion at constant coronary flow (approximately 2.5 ml/min/gwet) with an erythrocyte-enriched (Hct 15-20%) solution (37 degrees C). Agonists were injected into the aortic root of hearts, and the changes in +dP/dtmax and -dP/dtmax (reflecting contractility), and coronary perfusion pressure (reflecting vascular tone) were determined. Responses to PAPCAP38 were compared to isoproterenol, and to the truncated peptide PACAP6-38.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PACAP38 (0.1 and 0.5 nmol) increased +dP/dtmax from 1387.4 +/- 134.6 to 1619.0 +/- 118.7, and from 1296.2 +/- 93.4 to 1872.2 +/- 111.4 mmHg/s (P < 0.05); changed -dP/dtmax from -1087.6 +/- 107.5 to -1206.6 +/- 93.6, and from -1025.0 +/- 46.8 to -1375.4 +/- 80.9 mmHg/s (P < 0.05) and decreased coronary perfusion pressure from 61.8 +/- 2.5 to 51.0 +/- 3.8, and from 62.5 +/- 1.0 to 45.3 +/- 3.3 mmHg (P < 0.005), respectively. In comparison, isoproterenol (0.1 nmol) increased +dP/dtmax from 1313.6 +/- 62.8 to 1679.0 +/- 74.4 (P < 0.05), and -dP/dtmax from -1026.4 +/- 54.1 to -1222.6 +/- 57.4 mmHg/s (P < 0.05). PACAP6-38 reduced PACAP38's coronary vasodilatory, but not its contractile, effect. When compared to our previous studies of the 27-amino-acid neuropeptide PACAP27, PACAP38 had less potent contractile, but similar vasodilatory effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PACAP38 enhanced contractility and produced coronary vasodilation in piglet hearts, which may make PACAP38 a promising cardiotonic agent for the treatment of neonates with heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ascuitto
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ross-Ascuitto
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Waddell
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kadowitz
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010477:Perfusion; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D013552:Swine; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D007545:Isoproterenol; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine