title: PU.1 (Spi-1) and C/EBP alpha regulate the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor promoter in myeloid cells.
abstract: Cytokines, important for lineage commitment and differentiation during hematopoiesis, exert their influence by binding specific receptors. Receptor expression is tightly regulated and examining the factors that govern their expression will allow better understanding of the events that determine lineage commitment. The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor is expressed exclusively in myeloid cells and the placenta. We show here that the G-CSF receptor transcription start site is identical in each of these tissues. A 1,391-bp fragment of the G-CSF receptor promoter is both active in myeloid cell lines and tissue specific. We have also found two regions that are important for G-CSF receptor promoter activity. One region, located at bp -49, contains a GCAAT site that specifically binds the C/EBP alpha transcription factor in myeloid nuclear extracts. Mutation of this site prevents C/EBP alpha binding and reduces promoter activity by 60%. The other functionally important region of the G-CSF receptor promoter is in the 5' untranslated region, at bp +36 and +43, where there are two sites for the ets family member PU.1. Mutation of these sites prevents PU.1 binding and reduces promoter activity by 75%. These results reinforce the importance of both PU.1 and C/EBP alpha in the expression of myeloid-specific genes and neutrophil development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hohaus
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dziennis
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Tenen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D016188:Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016188:Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; C086597:lambda Spi-1