title: Efficacy of biofeedback, when included with pelvic floor muscle exercise treatment, for genuine stress incontinence.
abstract: We performed a randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of physical therapy on genuine stress incontinence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  "Is a physical therapeutical training program (pelvic floor muscle training) combined with biofeedback, more effective than the same program without biofeedback in patients with mild or moderate stress incontinence?" Forty-four patients were referred by a general practitioner or a urologist. After informed consent, 40 patients were randomized in an exercises and biofeedback group (BF), or treated with exercises exclusively (pelvic floor muscle training = PFMT). After a diagnostic phase of 1 week every patient received twelve treatment sessions, three times weekly. The primary measure of effect, the quantity of involuntary urine loss, was measured with the 48 hours PAD test (Inco-test Mölnlycke). Before every treatment session the Symptoms questionnaire was filed out by the patient and the Patient dairy was controlled. The data of the trial were analysed according to the principal of intention to treat. During the trial there was 100% compliance. There were no drop-outs. Both treatment modalities appeared to be effective. After twelve treatment sessions there was a mean improvement of +/- 55% (P = 0.00) in both treatment groups, measured by the primary measure of effect. In the group with BF this improvement was already realized after six treatment sessions (P = 0.01). Yet, the difference between BF and PFMT faded to reach significance at six treatment sessions (P = 0.08). Although differences in treatment effects between both groups were not significant, our findings suggest that adding biofeedback to pelvic floor muscle exercises might be more effective than pelvic floor muscle exercises alone after six treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Berghmans
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Frederiks
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Bie
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: van Waalwijk van Doorn
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Janknegt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*