title: [Systematic analysis of local growth behavior and cervical lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma--a clinical and computerized tomography examination].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of the incidence and patterns of cervical lymph node involvement according to the location, extension, and histological subtype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The findings of the clinical and CT examinations of 80 patients with histological evidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (9T1-, 20 T2-, 17 T3-, 34 T4-carcinomas, lymph node involvement in 59 cases) were evaluated retrospectively. The histological subtype, local tumor spread, relation of the primary to the parapharyngeal fascias, compartments, and skull base structures were analysed and related to the cervical lymph node involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two main types of nasopharyngeal carcinomas with different patterns of cervical lymph node involvement were identified: the posterior wall type, which spreads into the retropharyngeal and spinal accessorial neck node chains and the ventral type, which is located which is located at the roof, anterior, and lateral walls of the nasopharynx and spreads into the jugular neck node chains, preferring the neck side in which the main part of the primary is located. The border of lymph drainage via retropharyngeal-spinal accessorial or via jugular neck node chains is localised ventral of the origin of the m. capitus longus at the skull base. If the primary involves the prestyloidal compartment, the tumor may spread into the ipsilateral submaxillary lymph nodes. Combinations of the different types are frequently found with the neck node spread following the described directions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of the regular patterns of spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is important for treatment procedures, especially for planning 3-dimensional radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pfreundner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
vernacular_title: Systematische Analyse des lokalen Wachstumsverhaltens und der zervikalen Lymphknotenmetastasierung von Nasopharynxkarzinomen--eine klinisch- computertomographische Untersuchung.