title: An international collaborative study of the effects of coinfection with human T-lymphotropic virus type II on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease progression in injection drug users.
abstract: To determine whether human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type II coinfection affects progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection, longitudinal data on 370 HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs) with known HIV seroconversion dates from four cohort studies were pooled. HTLV infection was determined by EIA and confirmed and typed by Western blot. Proportional hazards models were used to determine whether HTLV-II infection was associated with AIDS or AIDS-related mortality. Regression analyses were used to compare declines in CD4 cell percents in singly and dually infected persons. Of 370 IDUs, 61 (16%) were HTLV-II-coinfected. During follow-up, 43 (12%) developed and 24 (6%) died of AIDS. HTLV-II coinfection was not associated with progression to AIDS (relative hazard [RH], .82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-1.94]) or AIDS mortality (RH, 1.69; 95% CI, 0.62-4.60). Rates of decline in CD4 cell percent were similar in singly and dually infected IDUs. These results suggest that HTLV-II does not affect the progression of HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois, Chicago College of Medicine and School of Public Health 60612, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hershow
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rezza
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Des Jarlais
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vitek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khabbaz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freels
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pezzotti
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1; D015491:HTLV-II Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012384:Rome / Q000453:epidemiology; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology