title: The Adolescents Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids (ATLAS) prevention program. Background and results of a model intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and test a school-based intervention to prevent anabolic androgenic steroid use among high-risk adolescent athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandom controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two urban high schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six adolescent football players at the experimental school and 24 players at the control school.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight weekly, 1-hour classroom sessions delivered by the coach and adolescent team leaders, and eight weight-room sessions delivered by research staff. The intervention addressed sports nutrition and strength training as alternatives to steroid use, drug refusal role play, and antisteroid media campaigns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A preintervention and postintervention questionnaire that assessed attitudes toward and intent to use steroids and other drugs; knowledge of drug effects; and diet, exercise, and related constructs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, experimental subjects were significantly less interested in trying steroids after the intervention, were less likely to want to use them even if their friends used them, were less likely to believe steroid use was a good idea, believed steroids were more dangerous, had better knowledge of alternatives to steroid use, had improved body image, increased their knowledge of diet supplements, and had less belief in these supplements as beneficial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant beneficial effects were found despite the sample size, suggesting that the effects of the intervention was large. This outcome trial demonstrates an effective anabolic androgenic steroid prevention program for adolescent athletes, and the potential of team-based interventions to enhance adolescents' health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Elliot
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: MacKinnon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zoref
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005538:Football; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents