title: Injection of glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen for urinary incontinence: two-year efficacy by self-assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutaraldehyde cross-linked (GAX) collagen has recently become available as injection material for treatment of urinary incontinence and should be evaluated for its long-term efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects included 78 females with genuine stress incontinence (GSI) and 19 male or female patients with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD: urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter damage). GAX collagen was injected transperineally or transurethrally through an injection needle under direct endoscopic observation. The efficacy was evaluated by the patients' overall assessment at two years post-treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under local or regional anesthesia, GAX collagen was injected 1.9 times on average (total injection volume: 23.5 mL) in GSI patients and 2.2 times (40.1 mL) in ISD patients. Improvement at two years post-treatment by patients' assessment was observed in 71.7% of GSI patients and 53.3% in ISD patients. Side effects were urinary retention and difficulty in voiding after 48 of the total of 188 injections (25.5%), a large amount of residual urine in four (2.1%) and miscellaneous in 19 (10.1%), for a short period after injection and were not serious.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that GAX collagen injection is an effective, safe and easy non-medical treatment for urinary incontinent patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koiso
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaza
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakizoe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koshiba
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: C075314:GAX-collagen; D003094:Collagen