title: [Acute myocardial infarction in young age and drug dependence. Review of the literature and personal experience].
abstract: The authors' personal experience in drug abuse-related acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1991 and May 1994, 6 drug-addict (5 occasional) male patients (pts.) aged 37 +/-3 yrs (Group A) were admitted to our CCU for AMI. Just before hospital admission 4 pts. had inhaled cocaine and 1 had assumed ¿ecstasy¿ tablets; one patient had been heroine-dependent for 5 years and was in an attack of abstinence. The clinical features were compared to those of 17 not drug-addict pts. (Group B) aged <45 years (15 males). DEMOGRAPHIC DATA: In Group A 3/6 pts. were graduated (vs 29.4% in Group B pts.), and nobody belonged to the working class (vs 29.4%); 5/6 pts. (83.3%) were admitted during the week-end (vs 29.4%, p<0.03) and presented a longer time delay between symptoms' onset and hospital admission (7.1 +/- 6.9 hrs in Group A pts. vs 4.7 +/- 4.2 hrs. in Group B pts.).
  
  
  METHODS
  All Group A pts. were smokers (37 +/- 12 cigarettes/day vs 21 +/- 14, p<0.02); 4/6 were heavy alcohol drinkers (vs 29.4%); 1/6 had a family history of ischemic heart disease (vs 35%); nobody was hypertensive(vs 29.4%) or diabetic (vs 5.8%). CLINICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL FINDINGS: On admission, Group A pts. (83.3%) were in Killip class I (vs 82.3%) infarct location was anterior in 3/6 pts. (vs 47%); all pts. were given thrombolitic agents. No significant coronary artery stenosis was found in 3/5 (60%) Group A pts. (vs 23.5% in Group B pts.), where 1 had one-vessel disease (vs 64%%) and 1 had two-vessel disease (vs 11.8%). Ejection fraction was similar in the two groups. No death was observed during follow-up (mean 14.4 +/- 9.6 months, range 3-39 months), 1 patient (Group A) had post AMI angina and reinfarction during coronary angioplasty and 2 pts. continued drug abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AMI in drug addict subjects has to be taken into consideration in particular when the patient is young, male, alcohol consumer, heavy cigarette smoker, and is admitted during the week-end. Further study are warranted to better define therapeutic guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS, Milano.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Massari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comerio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perlini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bocciolone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lotto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine
vernacular_title: Infarto miocardico acuto in età giovanile e tossicodipendenze. Revisione della letteratura ed esperienza personale.