title: Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and colorectal carcinogenesis: a French case--control study.
abstract: A protective effect of calcium against colorectal cancer has been described in Anglo-Saxon but not in Latin communities, and no such effect has been observed regarding adenomas. We investigated the relationship between calcium, dairy products and the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in a French region by comparing small adenoma ( < 10 mm, n = 154), large adenoma (n = 208) and polyp-free (n = 426) subjects, and cancer cases (n = 171) with population controls (n = 309). There was no protective effect of calcium against colorectal tumours except for low fat calcium and large adenomas in men (OR for highest quintile = 0.3, P for trend = 0.06). There was even a trend towards an increased risk of cancer with dairy calcium in men and non-dairy calcium in women. Vitamin D was inversely related to the risk of small adenomas in women (OR for highest quintile = 0.4, P for trend = 0.04). Regarding dairy products, only consumption of yoghurt displayed an inverse relationship with risk of large adenomas, in both men and women. These data failed to demonstrate a protective effect of calcium against colorectal carcinogenesis. They suggest that the type of dairy product might be the important factor with regard to prevention of colorectal tumours.
authors.affiliation: Registre Bourguignon des Cancers Digestifs, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faivre
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marteau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Couillault
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Senesse
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quipourt
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003611:Dairy Products; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D