title: A prospective randomized study of end points of resuscitation after major trauma: global oxygen transport indices versus organ-specific gastric mucosal pH.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric tonometry, as a method of organ-specific monitoring of the status of the splanchnic circulation, has demonstrated prognostic and therapeutic implications in critically ill patients. The experience with this method in patients with trauma has been limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven patients were prospectively randomized into two groups: group 1, n = 30, normalization and maintenance of gastric mucosal pH (pHi) at or above 7.3 and group 2, n = 27, maintenance of oxygen delivery index of 600 or an oxygen consumption index of greater than 150. The groups had statistically similar injury severity scores, lactate levels, and base deficits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 44 patients with pHi greater than 7.3 at 24 hours, three (6.8 percent) died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome as compared with seven (53.9 percent) of 13 in whom pHi was not optimized, p = 0.006. Optimization times for oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, lactate levels, and base excess were similar between survivors and nonsurvivors. The time for pHi optimization was significantly longer in nonsurvivors. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome points were significantly higher in patients who did not have pHi optimized within 24 hours (6.08 compared with 2.5, p = 0.03). Optimization time for pHi was predictive of mortality on multiple regression. Persistently low pHi was frequently associated with systemic or intra-abdominal complications. It was the first finding in all the nonsurvivors at least 48 to 72 hours before death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric mucosal pH may be an important marker to assess the adequacy of resuscitation. Monitoring of pHi may provide early warning for systemic complications in the postresuscitation period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, New York Medical College, Lincoln Medical & Mental Health Center, Bronx, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ivatury
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fueg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rohman
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Stahl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012151:Resuscitation; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000378:metabolism; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers