title: Mediastinal tracheostomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced carcinoma of the lower neck with direct extension to the superior mediastinum is a major therapeutic challenge. Complete removal of the tumors requires a radical operation in order to remove the larynx, portions of trachea and esophagus, and to construct a tracheostomy stoma with intrathoracic trachea.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present our experience and technique for removal of difficult tumors in this region and construction of mediastinal tracheostomy. A technique for reconstruction of a very short segment of distal trachea is also proposed. Twelve mediastinal tracheostomies were performed; all except 3 patients underwent total laryngopharyngectomy and resection of tumor with gastric pullup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 2 operative deaths, 1 from tracheoinnominate artery fistula and the other from cerebral infarction. Complications included pharyngeal fistula (2 patients), respiratory failure (1), and osteomyelitis of sternum (1). Postoperative survival was disease-dependent. All patients who survived the operation achieved good airway patency and relief of dysphagia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method of airway reconstruction by mediastinal tracheostomy is an advance in surgical treatment of malignancies in the cervicothoracic region. By careful selection of patients, successful operation resulted in good palliation and sometimes cure with acceptable quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University Hat-Yai, Thailand.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maipang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singha
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panjapiyakul
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Totemchokchyakarn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome