title: A role for the Msx-1 homeodomain in transcriptional regulation: residues in the N-terminal arm mediate TATA binding protein interaction and transcriptional repression.
abstract: In a previous study we showed that the murine homeodomain protein Msx-1 is a potent transcriptional repressor and that this activity is independent of its DNA binding function. The implication of these findings is that repression by Msx-1 is mediated through its association with certain protein factors rather than through its interaction with DNA recognition sites, which prompted investigation of the relevant protein factors. Here we show that Msx-1 interacts directly with the TATA binding protein (TBP) but not with several other general transcription factors. This interaction is mediated by the Msx-1 homeodomain, specifically through residues in the N-terminal arm. These same N-terminal arm residues are required for repression by Msx-1, suggesting a functional relationship between TBP association and transcriptional repression. This is further supported by the observation that addition of excess TBP blocks the repressor action of Msx-1 in in vitro transcription assays. Finally, DNA binding activity is separable from both TBP interaction and repression, which further shows that these other activities of the Msx-1 homeodomain are distinct. Therefore, these findings define a role for the Msx-1 homeodomain, particularly the N-terminal arm residues in protein-protein interaction and transcriptional repression, and implicate a more complex role overall for homeodomains in transcriptional regulation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Catron
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abate-Shen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D016385:TATA Box; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D014157:Transcription Factors