title: Different clinical behaviors of acute hepatitis C virus infection are associated with different vigor of the anti-viral cell-mediated immune response.
abstract: The anti-viral T cell response is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection. Since chronic evolution occurs in > 50% of HCV infections, the sequential analysis of the T cell response from the early clinical stages of disease may contribute to define the features of the T cell response associated with recovery or chronic viral persistence. For this purpose, 21 subjects with acute hepatitis C virus infection were sequentially followed for an average time of 44 wk. Twelve patients normalized transaminase values that remained normal throughout the follow-up period; all but two cleared hepatitis C virus-RNA from serum. The remaining nine patients showed persistent viremia and elevated transaminases. Analysis of the peripheral blood T cell proliferative response to core, E1, E2, NS3, NS4, and NS5 recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides showed that responses to all hepatitis C virus antigens, except E1, were significantly more vigorous and more frequently detectable in patients who normalized transaminase levels than in those who did not. By sequential evaluation of the T cell response, a difference between the two groups of patients was already detectable at the very early stages of acute infection and then maintained throughout the follow-up period. The results suggest that the vigor of the T cell response during the early stages of infection may be a critical determinant of disease resolution and control of infection.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra Malattie Infettive, Università di Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Missale
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lamonaca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massari
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fiaccadori
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; D000410:Alanine Transaminase