title: [Analysis of cervical lymph node metastasis of oropharyngeal carcinoma in relation to extent of the primary tumor].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence and patterns of cervical lymph node involvement according to the location and the relation of the primary tumour to the parapharyngeal fasciae, compartments and tissues arising from different branchial arches.
  
  
  METHODS
  The findings of clinical and CT examinations of 143 patients with histological evidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma were evaluated retrospectively. Local tumour spread, relation of the primary to the parapharyngeal fasciae, compartments and to the borders of tissues arising from different branchial arches were analysed and related to cervical lymph node involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymph drainage of the oropharynx and neighbouring neck regions is determined by the embryological development of the branchial arches and somites. Oropharyngeal carcinomas are tumours arising from tissues of the 2nd and 3rd branchial arches. The lymph of these tissues is collected by the vessels of the jugular neck node chains. If tumour invades tissues arising from the 1st branchial arch (structures of the oral cavity and floor of the mouth) tumour spreads into the ipsilateral lymphatic vessels arising from the 1st branchial arch and the submaxillary lymph nodes. If tumor invades tissues arising from occipital and cervical somites (posterior wall of the nasopharynx, retropharyngeal compartment and recessus submuscularis) metastases in the retropharyngeal and spinal-accessorial lymph nodes may appear. Regarding the tumour invasion of the subdistricts of the oropharynx totally different tumours were found. Tumour invasion of neighbouring structures was documented for the nasopharynx in 15%, for oral cavity and the floor of the mouth in 34%, the larynx in 24% and the hypopharynx in 22% of the cases. From these different patterns of local tumour spread different patterns of lymph node involvement resulted. Nodal involvement was found in 71%. In all these cases metastases in the ipsilateral upper jugular lymph nodes were present. The frequency of metastases in the jugular lymph node chains decreased in cranio-caudad direction (upper jugular group 100%, middle 18%, lower jugular group 5%). The frequency of bilateral jugular lymph node involvement (25%) increased in the some measure as the tumour approached the midline or crossed it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of regular patterns of spread of oropharyngeal carcinoma is important for treatment procedures, especially for 3-dimensional radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pfreundner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pahnke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wameling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000473:pathology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies
vernacular_title: Analyse der zervikalen Lymphknotenmetastasierung von Oropharynxkarzinomen in Abhängigkeit von der Ausdehnung des Primärtumors.