title: Effects of carbohydrate (CHO) and fat supplementation on CHO metabolism during prolonged exercise.
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine carbohydrate (CHO) utilization in subjects receiving CHO or CHO + medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) supplements during 180 minutes of exercise at 50% maximal aerobic work rate ([Wmax] 57% maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]). In a double-blind crossover design, nine trained athletes cycled four times. Subjects received a bolus of 4 mL x kg(-1) at the start and 2 mL x kg(-1) every 20 minutes during exercise of either a 150-g x L(-1) CHO solution (CHO trial), an equicaloric 70 energy% (en%) CHO-30 en% MCT suspension containing 29 g MCT (CHO + MCT trial), or a 150-g x L(-1) CHO (high-CHO [HCHO]) solution plus 20 g MCT (HCHO + MCT trial). A fourth trial consisted of a 13C-background control trial (CON). The four trials were randomized. Before and after the exercise bout, muscle biopsies were taken from the quadriceps muscle and muscle glycogen levels were determined. During exercise, breath samples were collected for estimation of exogenous and endogenous CHO oxidation. No significant differences were detected in glycogen breakdown among the trials (277 +/- 14 mmol x kg dry weight(-1) CHO, 249 +/- 20 CHO + MCT, and 240 +/- 18 HCHO + MCT) or in the respiratory exchange ratio during exercise. Mean exogenous CHO oxidation rates during the final hour of exercise were 0.79, 0.63, and 0.73 g x min(-1), respectively. No differences were observed between the trials regarding exogenous or endogenous CHO oxidation. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were elevated during exercise to a level of approximately 500 micromol x L(-1) and were comparable in all trials, whereas plasma ketone concentrations significantly increased after MCT ingestion as compared with the CHO trial. It is concluded that 29 g MCT co-ingested with CHO during 180 minutes of exercise does not influence CHO utilization or glycogen breakdown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Nutrition Research Centre, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jeukendrup
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brouns
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wagenmakers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D014280:Triglycerides; D006003:Glycogen; D005990:Glycerol