title: Intrapartum management of multiple gestations.
abstract: The proper intrapartum management of multiple gestations continues to be debated in the obstetric community. Ultrasonography is key in this management, through its initial assessment of the fetuses in the labor and delivery suite, observations of the second twin after the first has delivered, and its role in external cephalic version. The proper route of delivery requires further investigation for each combination of twin presentations and estimated fetal weights. It is recommended that the nonvertex second twin that is greater than 24 weeks' gestational age and fewer than 1700 g estimated fetal weight should have an attempt made at ECV and, if unsuccessful, a cesarean section should be performed. In the nonvertex second twin weighing greater than 1700 g, ECV or assisted breech extraction is appropriate. It is believed that all triplet gestations should be delivered abdominally. The use of intravenous nitroglycerin for uterine relaxation in multiple gestations is still experimental but may prove to be useful in the abdominal delivery of the nonvertex fetus. Further research is required to elucidate the most critical issues associated with the labor and delivery management of multiple gestations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Houlihan
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Knuppel
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D002585:Cesarean Section; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007224:Infant Care; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D014310:Triplets; D014427:Twins; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D014710:Version, Fetal
chemical_list: D005996:Nitroglycerin