title: Analysis of osteoblast mineral deposits on orthopaedic/dental implant metals.
abstract: Neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts were cultured on Ti-6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, 316L stainless steel and polystyrene (reference substrate) in the presence of ascorbic acid and 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate for 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 and 28 d. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that osteoblasts cultured on these orthopaedic/dental implant metals synthesized and deposited an extracellular matrix containing collagenous and non-collagenous components, as well as mineral nodules of various morphologies. Energy dispersive spectrometry revealed that the mineral deposits consisted of three distinct chemical compositions: calcium phosphate, calcium-sulphur-phosphorus, and calcium only. Backscattered electron imaging demonstrated that both the calcium phosphate and calcium-only deposits were electron dense, while the calcium-sulphur-phosphorus deposits were electron translucent. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the bulk of the osteoblast mineral deposits was amorphous hydroxyapatite; in addition, electron diffraction analysis revealed small regions of crystalline hydroxyapatite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Squire
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bizios
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002857:Chromium / Q000378:metabolism; D003035:Cobalt / Q000378:metabolism; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000592:standards*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000592:standards*; D051381:Rats; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000378:metabolism; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015921:Dental Implants; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D008903:Minerals; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D002857:Chromium; D013193:Stainless Steel; D010758:Phosphorus; D003035:Cobalt; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; D013455:Sulfur; D008982:Molybdenum; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; D002118:Calcium