title: Detection of prostate specific antigen in pancreas and salivary glands: a potential impact on prostate cancer overestimation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored the immunohistochemical expression of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in pancreas and salivary glands.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 62 specimens from male and female subjects, representing normal cases and several pathological conditions of pancreas and salivary glands. Two commercially available monoclonal antisera for PSA and 1 for prostatic acid phosphatase were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A consistently positive reaction for PSA and prostatic acid phosphatase, independent of patient sex, was noted in ductal cells of normal pancreas and normal salivary glands, as well as pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma and all oncocytic epithelial cells of Warthin's tumor. Reaction was absent in normal stromal and acinar cells, and squamous carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSA is detectable in normal and cancer tissues far from the prostate. Therefore, we may not entirely rely on specificity of PSA alone to diagnose metastatic prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospitals of KU Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Elgamal
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Ectors
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunardhi-Widyaputra
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Van Poppel
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Van Damme
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Baert
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000737:chemistry*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen