title: Recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism. An argument for total parathyroidectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define better the incidence and causes of recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation in uremic patients and literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two teaching hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients treated for secondary hyperparathyroidism between 1982 and 1993 by a single surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation into the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Recurrence was treated, if necessary, with a graft reduction procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The symptomatic and biochemical response to initial therapy, morbidity, and mortality, as well as the development of recurrent hypercalcemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were normocalcemic after their initial surgery. One patient died postoperatively (mortality, 11%). Three (38%) of the remaining patients developed recurrent hypercalcemia, 2 (25%) requiring reoperation. Of the 2 patients who underwent surgery for recurrence, 1 had an adenoma in the implant and the other had graft hyperplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrence rates after total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation are substantial and, given the pathophysiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism, unavoidable in patients with uncorrected renal failure. An argument is made for performing total parathyroidectomy alone in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism who will not undergo renal transplantation in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zuckerbraun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000637:transplantation*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D017211:Treatment Failure