title: Fetal surgical protocols in Yucatan miniature swine.
abstract: Thirty-nine Yucatan miniature swine were used in three fetal surgical experimental protocols. They involved antiarrhythmic administration, pacemaker implantation, and in-utero diagnosis of ventricular septal defect by intraoperative echocardiography. Because of problems encountered with surgical protocols in the initial stages, modifications were made to prevent fetal hypothermia and intraoperative mortality. These modifications included environmental temperature support, staple surgical techniques to reduce operative time, and development of fetal catheters designed to facilitate cannulation of small vessels. Postoperative care protocols were intensive and included antibiotics, analgesics, and supportive care designed to reduce discomfort and prevent abortion and sepsis. Thirty-seven of 39 sows survived the surgical procedures; experiments were performed on 117 fetuses. Twenty-two fetuses died either intraoperatively or postoperatively because of complications related to the experimental protocols. Modification of surgical and postsurgical protocols for these projects demonstrates the feasibility of using miniature swine as a model for fetal surgery, when their use was appropriate for anatomic and physiologic reasons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2211, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Swindle
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Wiest
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fyfe
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gillette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000601:surgery*; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007813:Laparotomy; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature / Q000601:surgery*; D014599:Uterus / Q000601:surgery