title: Urethrography and ischial intertuberosity line in radiation therapy planning for prostate carcinoma.
abstract: We analyzed our urethrography procedure regarding the validity of using the ischial tuberosity line (ITL) as the caudal margin of treatment portals for prostate carcinoma. The distances of the external urethral sphincter and the lowest margin of the opacified urinary bladder were analyzed in one hundred fifteen consecutive urethrograms. None showed the urethral sphincter to be caudal to the ITL. Ten percent of the sphincters were located less than 1.0 cm cephalad to the ITL, yielding inadequate treatment coverage if the ITL was relied on. Arbitrarily considering 2.0 cm or more of the urethral irradiation to be excessive, the use of the ITL would then have resulted in unnecessary normal tissue irradiation of 42.5%. The ITL should not be used as the caudal margin for prostate treatment portals. Variation in sphincter position, as also seen on lateral projections, reveal a need for urethrography as a necessary supplement to computed tomography to plan radiation portals for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Therapy Service, Veterans Affairs West Los Angeles Medical Center, California 90073, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuisk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: St Royal
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003973:Diatrizoate; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007512:Ischium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011859:Radiography; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D003973:Diatrizoate; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine; C027278:urovision