title: Comparison of costs for infusion versus bolus chemotherapy administration: analysis of five standard chemotherapy regimens in three common tumors--Part one. Model projections for cost based on charges.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cost of infusional administration of cancer chemotherapy has been assumed to be more expensive than the traditional bolus schedule related to the use of durable medical equipment and other components of the delivery system. The objective was to develop a model of projected charges as a basis for the cost estimate for selected common chemotherapy regimens comparing the cost based on charges for bolus and infusional chemotherapy schedules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemotherapy programs using either bolus or infusional delivery were selected representing standard or commonplace regimens for the treatment of patients with breast cancer (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil [CMF] or CA); colon cancer (5-fluorouracil[5-FU] infusion vs. 5-FU bolus + leucovorin [LCVI] or lymphoma (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin (vincristine), prednisone [CHOP] or CDE [cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide]). Cost projections were estimated based on charges and were calculated in a model system using six charge (cost) centers including medical doctor [MD] and/or clinic visit; laboratory; drug cost based on average wholesale price (AWP); cost of disposables; and pump rental fee. Standard dosages were applied for each regimen using total mg/M2 for a 1.5 M2 person.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Projected charges or chemotherapy for colon cancer (5-FU infusion vs. 5-FU + LCV) are variable depending on the LCV dose and the infusion duration. The longer infusion duration or higher doses of LCV result in a 40 to 50% increment in monthly charges excluding cost related to toxicity. For breast cancer, the charges for bolus or infusion administration CMF are similar, but for CA bolus charges are higher than infusion charges related to higher drug doses. For lymphoma, CHOP chemotherapy dosage costs are approximately half of those for CDE infusion related to the specific drug regimen and drug dosage used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The perception that infusional delivery of chemotherapeutic agents adds to the cost of cancer care is appropriate for some regimens but the absolute amount of cost increment is generally modest. The principle cost differences between bolus and infusional schedules relate to drug dosage and the toxicity profile. Generally, but not consistently, infusional schedules use lesser doses and are associated with lesser toxicity. Although the benefit of infusional delivery of chemotherapy in terms of response rates and survival are comparable to bolus schedules for 5-FU infusion and 5-FU + LCV in colon cancer, this has not been established for the regimens analyzed for breast cancer (CMF, CA) or lymphoma (CDE, CHOP). The misperception of cost advantages for bolus delivery should not preclude comparative trials of bolus versus infusional chemotherapy schedules and cost should be studied prospectively in clinical trials comparing different schedules of administration in addition to studies of quality of life and toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center of Boston, Massachusetts 02120, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lokich
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D004209:Disposable Equipment / Q000191:economics; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D005251:Fees, Medical; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000191:economics; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000191:economics; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D018803:Models, Economic; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D015996:Survival Rate; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000931:Antidotes; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D011241:Prednisone; D008727:Methotrexate