title: The effect of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression and HIV RNA load among injecting drug users.
abstract: To examine the relationship between latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression, two studies were done among a cohort of HIV-infected injecting drug users. First, the decline in CD4 cell count after baseline tuberculin skin testing was prospectively compared for 37 tuberculin-positive (induration > or = 5 mm) and 284 tuberculin-negative (induration < or = 2 mm) persons. After adjustment for baseline immune function, the mean 6-month CD4 cell decline was not significantly different (34.5 vs. 45.6 cells, respectively, P = .14). Second, the plasma HIV burden at baseline skin testing was compared for 33 tuberculin-positive cases and 33 matched tuberculin-negative controls. HIV RNA was detected in 8 cases and 10 controls (odds ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval = 0.19-2.36). Among the 14 pairs with HIV detected in > or = 1 member, the HIV concentration was higher for the case in 4 and for the control in 10 (P = .18). These findings suggest that unlike active tuberculosis, latent M. tuberculosis infection does not hasten HIV progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Manoff
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farzadegan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Astemborski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral