title: A randomized prospective study comparing long-term intravesical instillations of mitomycin C and bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the efficacy and toxicity of long-term mitomycin C versus bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation in patients at high risk for recurrence and progression of superficial bladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our randomized comparison study included 261 patients with primary dysplasia, or stage Tis, stage T1, grade 3 and multiple recurrent stage Ta/T1, grade 1 or 2 disease. Mitomycin C (40 mg.) or Pasteur strain BCG (120 mg.) was instilled weekly for 6 weeks, then monthly for up to 1 year and every 3 months during year 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median followup of 39 months 49% of the patients given BCG and 34% given mitomycin C were disease-free (p < 0.03), compared to 48 and 35%, respectively, of those with stage Ta or T1 disease, and 54 and 33%, respectively, of those with dysplasia or stage Tis tumor. Tumor progressed in 13% of patients, with no statistically significant difference observed regarding progression between the mitomycin C and BCG groups. Side effects were more common after BCG instillation, with 5 cases of severe side effects compared to 1 in the mitomycin C group. Treatment was stopped due to toxicity in 10% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients tolerated long-term intravesical therapy well. BCG instillation was hampered by more frequent side effects. BCG was superior regarding recurrence prophylaxis, since patients given BCG had fewer recurrences and a significantly longer time to treatment failure compared to those treated with mitomycin C. No statistically significant difference was observed regarding progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Västerås Central Hospital, Norway.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lundholm
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Norlén
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jahnson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lagerkvist
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindeborg
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tveter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wijkstrom
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Westberg
authors.forename: P U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Malmström
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016685:Mitomycin