title: Regulation of breathing and perception of dyspnea in healthy pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine if the perception of dyspnea during normal pregnancy may be related to an inappropriate ventilatory response to the increased metabolic rate, due to a higher chemosensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  At weeks 12, 24, and 36 of gestation and 4 months after delivery, 11 healthy pregnant women with dyspnea and 12 asymptomatic pregnant women were studied. Progesterone plasma levels, lung volumes, diffusion capacity, maximal respiratory pressures, rest oxygen uptake, breathing pattern, and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) were measured. Progressive isocapnic hypoxic stimulation and progressive hyperoxic hypercapnic stimulation were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxygen ventilation equivalent during pregnancy was significantly higher for the dyspneic group than for nondyspneic pregnant women. Dyspneic patients exhibited greater minute ventilation, tidal volume, and P0.1 than the nondyspneic group. The mean values of ventilatory and P0.1 slopes to hypoxia and CO2 during pregnancy were significantly greater in the patients with dyspnea than in asymptomatic subjects. These changes were not due to differences in progesterone plasma levels. A significant relation among the Borg score, inspiratory drive, and chemosensitivity was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In some pregnant women, a higher sensitivity to CO2 and hypoxia may induce excessive ventilation to metabolic demand, which would contribute to dyspnea.
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology, La Paz Hospital, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-Rio
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Sala
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villasante
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villamor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000502:physiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010465:Perception; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D011374:Progesterone