title: Length of the linking domain of human pro-tumor necrosis factor determines the cleavage processing.
abstract: Several studies have indicated that only one cleavage site (Ala-1/Val+1) is involved in the release of mature TNF from human pro-TNF, whereas others have suggested that the linking sequence (residues -20 to -1) may be important. We previously demonstrated that a pro-TNF deletion mutant, delta -20- -1, was able to form a trimeric structure and mediate TNF cytotoxicity in a juxtacrine fashion without releasing mature TNF. We constructed seven mutants with smaller deletions within this region. Three 15-residue deletion mutants, delta -20- -6, delta -15- -1 and delta -20- -16, -10- -1, were noncleavable, although able to form a trimer and to mediate cytotoxicity through cell-to-cell contact. Three five- or ten-residue deletion mutants, delta -20- -16, delta -10- -1, and delta -5-, -1, behaved like the wild-type TNF; all formed a trimer and released mature TNF. These results suggested that in pro-TNF (1) the number of residues between the base of the trimer and the plasma membrane determines accessibility of the cleavage site to the pro-TNF processing enzyme(s) since small deletions did not block cleavage whereas large ones did regardless of the presence of the native cleavage site (-1/+1), (2) the native cleavage site is not sufficient for releasing mature TNF because mutant delta -20- -6, in which the native cleavage site was intact, was noncleavable, and (3) alternative cleavage site(s) may exist since mutants delta -10- -1 and delta -5- -1, which lack the native cleavage site, were cleavable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.lastname: Hung M-C
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klostergaard
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C061153:tumor necrosis factor precursor