title: The interaction of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and tissue kallikrein in controlling allergic ovine airway hyperresponsiveness.
abstract: We reported previously that the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) 24 h after antigen challenge in allergic sheep was associated with increased tissue kallikrein activity (TK) and decreased alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) activity in bronchoalveolar fluid (BAL). The inverse correlation between TK and alpha 1-PI in these experiments suggested that administration of alpha 1-PI might reduce TK activity and block AHR. To test this hypothesis, airway responsiveness, as determined by calculating the cumulative carbachol breath units (BU) that increased specific lung resistance by 400% (PC400), was measured before and 24 h after aerosol challenge with Ascaris suum antigen in seven sheep hypersensitive to this antigen. On the next day, 30 min before the 24 h PC400 measurement, the sheep were treated with either aerosol alpha 1-PI (Prolastin, 10 mg/5 ml) or denatured (DN) prolastin (10 mg/5 ml), which had only 10% of its original activity. BAL was also performed before and 24 h after challenge for the measurement of TK and alpha 1-PI activity. Treatment with DN-Prolastin at 24 h after antigen challenge did not block antigen-induced AHR: PC400 fell from a baseline (mean +/- SE) of 26.0 +/- 3.2 BU to 11.2 +/- 1.5 BU after challenge (p < 0.05). This AHR was associated with increased TK (363%, p < 0.05) and decreased alpha 1-PI activity (65%, p < 0.05). Prolastin treatment at 24 h blocked the AHR: PC400 was 21.0 +/- 2.8 before and 23.2 +/- 3.7 after challenge (p < 0.05 versus DN-Prolastin) and the changes in BAL TK (28% increase) and alpha 1-PI activities (15% increase) were not different from baseline (both p < 0.05 versus DN-Prolastin). There was a significant inverse correlation between alpha 1-PI activity and TK activity in BAL, as well as the changes between baseline and 24 h in alpha 1-PI activity and TK activity in BAL Pretreatment (30 min before antigen challenge) with Prolastin also protected against the antigen-induced AHR. The effect of Prolastin was also seen against aerosol challenge with high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK), a substrate of TK. HMWK caused bronchoconstriction which was blocked by Prolastin (p < 0.05), and the bradykinin B2 antagonist, NPC-567 (indicating that kinins were generated), but not DN-Prolastin or the elastase inhibitor, ICI 200, 355. Although the negative association between alpha 1-PI activity and TK activity identified in this study does not prove cause and effect, our findings do raise the possibility that in vivo alpha 1-PI may regulate TK activity and allergen-induced AHR.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, University of Miami, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, Florida 33140, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Forteza
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Botvinnikova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gundel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wanner
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Abraham
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000403:Airway Resistance; D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology; D017165:Ascaris suum / Q000276:immunology; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D007704:Kininogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012756:Sheep; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D007704:Kininogens; D009842:Oligopeptides; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; C069366:ICI 200355; C053010:NPC 567; D007610:Kallikreins; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D001920:Bradykinin