title: Extrapunitive and intropunitive anger of HIV caregivers: nursing implications.
abstract: The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the anger of individuals who have provided direct patient care to loved ones who are living with or who have died from AIDS. The sample consisted of eight individuals who are currently involved in an AIDS service organization in northeast Tennessee. Data were collected using semistructured taped interviews. At the beginning of the study, two group interviews were conducted. Subsequently, each of the participants was interviewed privately. Extrapunitive and intropunitive anger were predominant themes in each of the interviews. Participants also reported ways of coping with their anger. Nurses can suggest these strategies to other caregivers who are experiencing anger. Recommendations for additional nursing interventions are offered.
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D006296:Health Services; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009736:Nursing Process; D011678:Punishment; D013714:Tennessee