title: Primary cardiac tumors in infants and children: immediate and long-term operative results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature contains few large or long-term series involving infants and children with primary cardiac tumors. This article summarizes our 35-year experience with such lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1961 and January 1996, 40 infants and children (mean age, 3.3 years; range, 2 days to 17 years; 65% female) were diagnosed at our institution with primary cardiac tumors. Of these tumors, 37 (92%) were benign and 3 (8%) were malignant. Tumors were resected in 38 patients (95%). In 2 patients (5%), biopsy confirmed rhabdomyoma; however, presenting symptoms spontaneously resolved, so these patients did not undergo tumor resection. Follow-up echocardiographic studies showed a diminishing tumor mass in each of these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate, symptom-free status was achieved in all patients. There were two early deaths, for an operative mortality of 5%. Three late postoperative deaths (7.5%) occurred as follows: 1 patient with a myocardial hamartoma died at 3 months of congestive heart failure. Another patient with a recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma died at 6 months, and a third patient with a recurrent fibrosarcoma died at 28 months. Long-term follow-up was available for 34 survivors (97% complete) and totaled 240.2 patient-years (mean, 7.1 years/patient). All remaining survivors were without evidence of presenting symptoms and tumor recurrence or progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that an aggressive operative approach is warranted for benign symptomatic and malignant tumors. This aggressive approach has resulted in extended symptom-free status in patients with benign lesions, and significant palliation and longer survival in patients with malignant lesions, with acceptably low operative risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston 77225, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Takach
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Reul
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000601:surgery; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006338:Heart Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010166:Palliative Care; D012207:Rhabdomyoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate