title: Effects of sodium intake on albumin excretion in patients with diabetic nephropathy treated with long-acting calcium antagonists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether sodium intake alters albumin excretion in patients with nephropathy from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who were treated with two different long-acting calcium antagonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, crossover, open-label trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  9 men and 6 women (mean age +/- SD, 56 +/- 8 years) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal insufficiency, and macroalbuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diltiazem (mean dose, 392 +/- 27 mg/d) or nifedipine (mean dose, 83 +/- 9 mg/d) was used to decrease blood pressure to less than 140/90 mm Hg. All patients also received furosemide concomitantly for blood pressure control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure reduction with once-daily diltiazem decreased urine albumin excretion (2967 +/- 784 mg/d at baseline compared with 1294 +/- 679 mg/d after diltiazem therapy; P < 0.05) at 4 weeks while patients received a diet consisting of 50 mEq of sodium per day. Albumin excretion did not decrease when sodium intake was increased to 250 mEq/d, and blood pressure was reduced to levels similar to those seen with the low-sodium diet. Similar blood pressure reduction with once-daily nifedipine did not significantly alter albumin excretion regardless of sodium intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium intake affects the albumin-decreasing effects of certain calcium antagonists. Recent studies suggest that antihypertensive medications that reduce albumin excretion and arterial pressure correlate with reduced renal mortality compared with medications that do not have albumin-decreasing effects. Thus, a low-sodium diet should be prescribed to maximize the albumin-decreasing effects of certain calcium antagonists.
authors.affiliation: Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bakris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000652:urine*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D004110:Diltiazem; D009543:Nifedipine; D003000:Clonidine