title: Inhibitors of serine/threonine phosphoprotein phosphatases alter circadian properties in Gonyaulax polyedra.
abstract: Protein serine/threonine phosphatases were implicated in the regulation of circadian rhythmicity in the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra based on the effects of three inhibitors specific for protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (okadaic acid, calyculin A, and cantharidin). Chronic exposure to okadaic acid resulted in a significant period lengthening, as measured by the bioluminescent glow rhythm, whereas cantharidin and calyculin A caused large phase delays but no persistent effect on period. Short pulses of the phosphatase inhibitors resulted in phase delays that were greatest near subjective dawn. Unlike 6-dimethylaminopurine, a protein kinase inhibitor, okadaic acid, calyculin A, and cantharidin did not block light-induced phase shifts. The inhibitors tested also increased radiolabeled phosphate incorporation into Gonyaulax proteins in vivo and blocked protein phosphatase 1 and 2A activities in Gonyaulax extracts. This study indicates that protein dephosphorylation catalyzed by protein serine/threonine phosphatases is necessary for proper functioning of the circadian system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Comolli
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hastings
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002193:Cantharidin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D008387:Marine Toxins; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic; D008387:Marine Toxins; D010080:Oxazoles; D019319:Okadaic Acid; C059041:calyculin A; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D002193:Cantharidin