title: Free sex steroid and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in oligozoospermic men with varicoceles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure free T, free E2, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in oligozoospermic men with varicoceles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four infertile patients with varicoceles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university-based tertiary care referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of seminal cellular characteristics, gonadotropin responses to GnRH, total and free T, and E2 and SHBG levels before and after varicocele ligation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight men had excessive preoperative gonadotropin responses to GnRH. These men had lower than normal levels of free T and higher than normal levels of free E2 and SHBG. Thirty men had improvements in seminal parameters, and sex steroid and SHBG values after surgery. Seven spontaneous pregnancies and three pregnancies through IUI occurred in their partners postoperatively. Twenty-six men had normal preoperative responses to GnRH and normal free T, E2 and SHBG levels. None had postoperative improvements in their semen analyses and no spontaneous pregnancies occurred in their partners. Three pregnancies occurred with IUI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The men with excessive responses to GnRH had abnormal free sex steroid levels. The majority had improvements in semen analyses after varicocele repair and pregnancies occurred in their partners. The men with normal gonadotropin responces to GnRH had normal free sex steroid levels. Varicocele ligation had no effect on their semen parameters or fertility potential.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University and the Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hudson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012661:Semen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D014646:Varicocele / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone