title: [Radiation exposure in interventional radiology as exemplified by the chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma and laser angioplasty of the pelvic arteries].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estimation of radiogenic risks for patient and radiologist in chemoembolisation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and laser angioplasty of the pelvic arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 5 chemoembolisations of HCC (4 males, one female) and 6 laser angioplasties of the pelvic arteries (5 males, one female) the surface doses received by patient and operator were measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters in standardised positions. The organ doses of the patient were derived by conversion factors employed on the measured surface doses. Effective dose was determined according to the recommendations of ICRP 60.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of lethal malignant disease and genetic disorder derived from the doses in the patient was found to be of the magnitude of 10(-4)-10(-5). The thresholds for transient erythema of the skin and depression of hematopoiesis can be reached after high expositions. A theoretical maximum of 700 laser angioplasties of the pelvic arteries allowable in one year was calculated based on the dose to the operator's left hand. For chemoembolisation of HCC, the dose to the left eye lens would reach the yearly maximum after approximately 1000 procedures. Remarkable risks for malignant disease of skin and thyroid as well as detectable opacities of the eye lens can occur after frequent interventions for many years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the lower life expectancy the patient's risk for stochastic effect can be seen as minimal. No clinically relevant deterministic effects will occur. In the case of frequent interventions, the dose absorbed by the radiologist is likely to exceed the prescribed dose limit and to cause remarkable risk for stochastic and non-stochastic effects after many years.
authors.affiliation: Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Virchow-Klinikum der Medizinischen Fakultät, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hidajat
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vogl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biamino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wust
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Panzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zankl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felix
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016342:Angioplasty, Laser / Q000009:adverse effects; D001158:Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011830:Radiation Effects; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D013499:Surface Properties; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry
vernacular_title: Strahlenexposition in der interventionellen Radiologie am Beispiel der Chemoembolisation des hepatozellulären Karzinoms und der Laserangioplastie der Beckenarterien.