title: Teratoma in primary testis tumor reduces complete response rates in the retroperitoneum after primary chemotherapy. The case for primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection of stage IIb germ cell tumors with teratomatous elements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent advances in the therapy of advanced testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) have resulted in increased attention to avoiding double therapy in cases where single modality therapy will suffice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over an 8-year period, 104 patients with Stage II and III testicular NSGCT received primary chemotherapy. Seventy-nine patients had retroperitoneal lymph nodal metastases, 33 of whom had a radiologic complete response, 43 a radiologic incomplete response, and 3 were not re-evaluated after induction chemotherapy. Thirty-nine patients underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). The radiologic and pathologic response of the nodes to primary chemotherapy was correlated with tumor burden (lymph node metastasis size < or = 2 cm, 2.1-5 cm, 5.1-10 cm, and >10 cm), primary tumor pathology, and prechemotherapy marker levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Larger initial lymph node size, metastases size, the presence of teratoma in the primary tumor, and prechemotherapy alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) > 80 mg/L and beta-HCG (bHCG) 10000 IU/L were found to correlate significantly with an incomplete radiologic response. Lymph node metastases size was the only independent prognostic factor on multivariable logistic regression analysis. Prechemotherapy alpha-FP > 80 mg/L and beta-HCG > 10000 IU/L were associated with the presence of teratoma or carcinoma in the retroperitoneal nodes. The presence of teratoma in the primary tumor is associated with a higher incomplete response rate and residual teratoma in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes after primary chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predictors of need for postchemotherapy RPLND include large lymph node metastasis size and presence of teratomatous elements in the primary tumor. To reduce the need for and morbidity of double therapy, patients with low volume clinical Stage II, NSGCT and teratomatous elements in the primary tumor are arguably better served by primary RPLND.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rabbani
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gleave
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coppin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013724:Teratoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin