title: Crystalloid cardioplegia route of delivery and cardiac troponin I release.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac troponin I (CTn I) has been shown to be a marker of myocardial injury. Incomplete distribution of cardioplegic solution may be responsible for injury in jeopardized myocardial areas. The aim of this study was to compare CTn I release with respect to the route of delivery of crystalloid cardioplegia, either antegrade only or initially antegrade followed by retrograde cardioplegia for the remainder of the operation, in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients were randomly assigned to one of two cardioplegia groups. Cardiac troponin I concentrations were measured in serial venous blood samples drawn just before cardiopulmonary bypass and after aortic unclamping at 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours and daily thereafter for 5 days. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed to test the effect of route of delivery, coronary disease, collateral circulation, risk of cardioplegia maldistribution, and number of grafts on release of CTn I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the antegrade route, the combined route offered no advantage in an unselected group of patients undergoing an elective first cardiac operation and having preserved left ventricular function. The CTn I concentration did not differ between groups for any of the samples considered. In patients with major left main coronary artery stenosis, CTn I release was significantly higher at hour 9 in the antegrade group than in the group with combined delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combined route of delivery of crystalloid cardioplegia is beneficial in patients with major stenosis of the left main coronary artery. Cardiac troponin I sensitivity is relevant in this study. Release of CTn I should be useful in determining the best form of myocardial protection for each patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saint-Jacques Hospital, Besancon, France. chocron@mail.fc-net.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chocron
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alwan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toubin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaili
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taberlet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cordier
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Etievent
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019210:Troponin I; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D014336:Troponin; D019210:Troponin I