title: Evidence for a local immune response in atherosclerosis. CD4+ T cells infiltrate lesions of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice.
abstract: It has been suggested that immune responses are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. We have evaluated this possibility by analyzing immunocompetent cells in a murine model of the disease. Apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE -/-) mice are genetically hypercholesterolemic due to targeted disruption of the apolipoprotein E gene and develop severe atherosclerosis. Such mice were fed either standard pellets or a diet containing 1.25% cholesterol. Lesions were analyzed from mice at 9 and 16 weeks of age. Immunohistochemical staining of fatty streaks showed that CD4+ T cells were frequent, both in clusters and as single cells. In advanced atherosclerotic plaques, CD4+ T cells were prominent in the fibrous cap and subendotbelially, whereas CD8+ T cells were sparse. The CD25 subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor, which is a marker for activated T cells, was expressed in CD4-rich areas and the major histocompatibility complex class II antigen, I-A(b), which is induced by cytokines released from activated T cells, was also found in the lesions. These data indicate that CD4+ T cells participate in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in genetically hypercholesterolemic apoE -/- mice. They suggest that immune activation is part of the disease process, and we speculate that a direct link may exist between cholesterol accumulation and T cell activation, possibly by autoimmune responses to modified lipoproteins.
authors.affiliation: King Gustaf V Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stemme
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Hansson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2