title: [Gynecologic problems in female athletes].
abstract: More than 6 million women now compete in strenous exercis, worldwide. The sports participation is a sage experience for the teenage athlete. But intense exercise had been reported to delay menarche when the sports activity was begun before puberty. Is has been shown to increase beta-endorphins and catecholamine in women. Menstrual cyclicity is influenced by prior and concomitant exercise intensity and/or duration in long-distance runners, gymnasts, ballet dancers, fencers, rowers. Altered menstrual cyclicity can approach 70% in strenuously exercising women. Menstrual dysfunction has been associated with significant weight loss, decreased body fat, previous history od menstrual dysfunction, stress and intensity of athletic training. A complication of amenorrhea is the loss of bone mineral content and bone density. Urinary incontinence during physical stresses is common in young nulliparous women. Some female athletes to increase their sports performance artificially take illegal steroid substances. Perineo-sphincter exercise must be started very early during the post-partum, before the start of sports. Most of the athletes of all ages resulted to prefer the oral contraceptive method.
authors.affiliation: USSL 9, Regione Piemonte, Ospedale di Ivrea, Torino.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Broso
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subrizi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008572:Menarche; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012737:Sex Factors; D013177:Sports; D013256:Steroids / Q000009:adverse effects; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids; D001615:beta-Endorphin
vernacular_title: Problemi ginecologici nelle atlete.