title: Decision analysis in surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The technique of decision analysis is often applied to clinical policy and economic issues in surgery. Because surgeons may be unfamiliar with such work, this article catalogues decision analysis studies in the surgical specialties.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical literature (1966 to 1994) to identify surgical decision analysis studies and to assess trends over time. Each article was categorized according to the type of journal (surgical, other clinical, or technical) in which it was published and content, including surgical specialty, clinical topic, article focus (individual patient decision making, clinical policy, or cost-effectiveness), and primary findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Publication rates of surgical decision analysis have increased dramatically over time. Of the 86 total studies only six were published before 1980. In contrast, 44 studies appeared between 1990 and 1994. Although 77% were published in nonsurgical journals, decision analyses have begun to appear more regularly in surgical forums. Studies addressing all of the surgical specialties were found, although more than one half addressed topics in general surgery (34%) or cardiothoracic surgery (22%). The most frequent topics were gallstones (11 articles), head and neck cancer (five articles), coronary artery disease (four articles), and cerebral arteriovenous malformations (four articles). Articles focusing on clinical policy (i.e., those assessing surgical efficacy for broad groups of patients) now account for large majority of published decision analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of decision analysis in surgery is growing steadily. Because decision analysis is being used to influence clinical policy, it is important for surgeons to be aware of these studies and to be able to review them critically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, N.H., USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Birkmeyer
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Birkmeyer
mesh_terms: D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006801:Humans; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative