title: Utility of SHIV for testing HIV-1 vaccine candidates in macaques.
abstract: Intravenous injection of SHIV (simian/human immunodeficiency virus, chimeric virus) into rhesus macaques resulted in a viremia in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the generation of anti-HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) envelope immune responses. A challenge stock of a SHIV containing HIV-1 HXBc2 envelope glycoproteins was prepared from infected rhesus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The minimum animal infectious dose of the SHIV stock was determined and used in a challenge experiment to test protection. The vaccination of two rhesus monkeys with whole inactivated HIV-1 plus polydicarboxylatophenoxy phosphazene (PCPP) as the adjuvant protected the animals from becoming infected by a SHIV challenge. This experiment demonstrated for the first time that monkeys immunized with HIV-1 antigens can be protected against an HIV-1 envelope-containing virus. As the challenge virus was prepared from monkey PBMC, human antigens were unlikely to be involved in the protection. Protection of rhesus monkeys from SHIV challenge may help,define protective immune responses stimulated by HIV-1 vaccine candidates.
authors.affiliation: Virus Research Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Salvato
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pauza
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sodroski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wyand
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Letvin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Touzjian
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chutkowski
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LeFaile
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014766:Viremia / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120