title: CWR22: the first human prostate cancer xenograft with strongly androgen-dependent and relapsed strains both in vivo and in soft agar.
abstract: Most patients' prostate cancers respond to androgen deprivation but relapse after periods of several months to years. Only two prostate cancer xenografts, LNCaP and PC-346, have been reported to be responsive to androgen deprivation and to relapse subsequently. Both of these tumors shrink slightly, if at all, and relapse less than 5 weeks after androgen withdrawal. After androgen withdrawal, the human primary prostate cancer xenograft CWR22 regresses markedly, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) falls up to 3000-fold in the blood of mice. PSA usually returns to normal. In some animals, the tumor relapses and is then designated CWR22R. In these animals, PSA starts to rise approximately 2-7 months, and tumor begins to grow 3-10 months after castration. Animals with CWR22 need to be euthanized because of large tumors 6-12 weeks after the transplantation of CWR22. Androgen withdrawal prolongs life approximately 3-4-fold.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagabhushan
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Pretlow
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Giaconia
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Edgehouse
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: de Vere White
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gumerlock
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Pretlow
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D000728:Androgens; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013739:Testosterone; D000362:Agar; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen