title: In vitro contraction of the canine corpus cavernosum penis by direct perfusion with prolactin or growth hormone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well established that hyperprolactinemia, most typically seen in prolactinoma patients, causes hypogonadism and impotence. There seems to be a good possibility that hyperprolactinemia causes impotence, at least partially via some intrinsic property of prolactin (PRL), rather than through its suppressive effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal testosterone dynamics. In the present investigation, we used an in vitro canine model to attempt to clarify whether direct action of PRL on the corpus cavernosum penis may lead to erectile insufficiency. Growth hormone (GH) and placental lactogen (PL), both having close structural and functional homologies to PRL, were also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isometric tension measurement with cavernous strips was performed in the presence or absence of 10(-5) to 10(-9) M. PRL, GH, or PL in the perfusion medium. The tension change induced by the test substances was normalized relative to that induced by 120 mEq KCl.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both PRL and GH produced dose-related elevations (p < 0.01) of the cavernous tension, whereas PL and thiol-cleaved PRL in comparable doses were without effect (p > 0.05). When the tension rise produced by 120 mEq KCl was taken as 100%, the maximum contractions produced by PRL and GH were 80% and 110%. The minimum effective concentration was 10(-8) to 10(-7) M. for both PRL and GH. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10(-5) M.), but not tetrodotoxin (10(-5) M., partially suppressed (p < 0.05) the effects of PRL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that PRL and GH directly and specifically produced contraction of the corpus cavernosum penis, resulting in erectile insufficiency, and that the effect of PRL is partially mediated by prostaglandin.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Physiology, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ra
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasuda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D010413:Penis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010928:Placental Lactogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D010928:Placental Lactogen