title: Clustering of metabolic disorders and hyperinsulinemia in Mexico City.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between fasting insulin concentrations and several metabolic and anthropometric variables in the Mexico City population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, randomized, stratified by age, sex and economically active and inactive.
  
  
  METHODS
  700 healthy adults, older than 20 years, 396 males and 304 females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index, waist to hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total, HDL and LDL cholesterol and lipoprotein(a).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Means for age were 39 +/- 13 years for men and 41 +/- 12 for women (p < 0.05). In males, the mean values of body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose and LDL-cholesterol : HDL-cholesterol increased significantly with higher insulin levels. A significant inverse tendency was observed for the mean concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a). Age, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were not related to the insulin levels. A similar pattern was observed in women, significance, however, was only obtained for the body mass index, triglycerides, glucose, HDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a). Age-adjusted multiple regression analysis showed that insulin was directly and independently associated to triglyceride levels and inversely with lipoprotein(a) concentrations for both sexes, and with HDL-C, only in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of insulin resistance related metabolic disorders was high in a random sample of the Mexico City population. Increased cardiovascular risk factors associated with the insulin resistance syndrome were observed with higher insulin levels, and lipoprotein(a) was inversely and significantly related to insulin. Preventive strategies are urgently needed to avoid the already increased incidence of morbidity and mortality associated to atherosclerotic disease.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinologia, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia lgnacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zamora-González
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yamamoto-Kimura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lerman-Garber
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardoso-Saldaña
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fajardo-Gutierrez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Posadas-Romero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides