title: Safety of 65 degrees C intravenous fluid for the treatment of hypothermia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of 65 degrees C (149 degrees F) centrally administered intravenous fluid (CIVF) compared to conventional 40 degrees C (104 degrees F) CIVF in the treatment of hypothermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten beagles (9-13 kg) were prospectively randomized to receive 65 degrees C or 40 degrees C CIVF. They were anesthetized and data were collected at baseline, during hypothermia, and after 1 and 2 hours of rewarming. The plasma free/total hemoglobin (PFHb/THb) was measured to detect hemolysis. Each subject was cooled to 30 degrees C (86 degrees F) and then received either 65 degrees C or 40 degrees C CIVF through a specialized catheter in the superior vena cava for 2 hours in addition to conventional rewarming techniques. All subjects survived 7 days, after which they were sacrificed and a complete autopsy was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rewarming rate was 3.7 degrees C/hr in the 65 degrees C CIVF group and 1.75 degrees C/hr in the 40 degrees C CIVF group. Core temperatures were significantly different after 1 hour (33.4 degrees +/- 0.77 degrees versus 31.7 degrees +/- 0.57 degrees, P < 0.01) and 2 hours (37 degrees +/- 1.03 degrees versus 33.4 degrees +/- 0.89 degrees, P < 0.001). PFHb/THb was not different. Two intimal injuries occurred in each group but these were remote from the infusion site. Blinded examination by two pathologists could not differentiate the etiology of these injuries from mechanical trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIVF at 65 degrees C is a safe and effective means of treating hypothermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sheaff
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fildes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000628:therapy*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017694:Rewarming / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature