title: Ptx1, a bicoid-related homeo box transcription factor involved in transcription of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene.
abstract: The pituitary gland contains six distinct hormone-producing cell types that arise sequentially during organogenesis. The first cells to differentiate are those that express the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in the anterior pituitary lobe. The other lineages, which appear later, include cells that are dependent on the POU factor Pit-1 and another POMC-expressing lineage in the intermediate pituitary lobe. Using AtT-20 cells as a model for early expression of POMC in the anterior pituitary, we have defined a regulatory element conferring cell specificity of transcription and cloned a cognate transcription factor. This factor, Ptx1 (pituitary homeo box 1), contains a homeo box related to those of the anterior-specific genes bicoid and orthodenticle in Drosophila, and Otx-1 and Otx-2 in mammals. Ptx1 activates transcription upon binding a sequence related to the Drosophila bicoid target sites. Ptx1 is the only nuclear factor of this DNA-binding specificity that is detected in AtT-20 cells, and it is expressed at high levels in a subset of adult anterior pituitary cells that express POMC. However, Ptx1 is expressed in most cells of Rathke's pouch at an early time during pituitary development and before final differentiation of hormone-producing cells. Thus, Ptx1 may have a role in differentiation of pituitary cells, and its early expression pattern suggests that it may have a role in pituitary formation. In the adult pituitary gland, Ptx1 appears to be recruited for cell-specific transcription of the POMC gene.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniquesde Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lamonerie
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lanctôt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Therrien
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drouin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007739:L Cells; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000378:metabolism; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007301:Insect Hormones; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C056478:bcd protein, Drosophila; C101485:homeobox protein PITX1; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin