title: Competitive NMDA-receptor antagonists, LY 235959 and LY 233053, enhance the protective efficacy of various antiepileptic drugs against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate an interaction of two competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonists, LY 235959 l(-)-3R,4aS,6R,8aR-6-(phosphonomethyl)-decahydroiso-qu inoline-3-carboxylic acid; < or = 0.5 mg/kg] or LY 233053 cis-(+/-)-4-[(2H-tetrazol-5-yl) methyl]piperidine-2-carboxylic acid; < or = 5 mg/kg] with carbamazepine, diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, or valproate magnesium against maximal electroshock-induced convulsions in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electroconvulsions were produced by means of an alternating current (ear-clip electrodes, 0.2-s stimulus duration, tonic hindlimb extension taken as the end point) delivered by a Hugo-Sachs stimulator (Type 221, reiburg, FRG). Adverse effects were evaluated in the chimney test (motor performance) and passive-avoidance ask (long-term memory). Plasma levels of antiepileptic rugs were measured by immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both LY 235959 and LY 233053 ( < or = 0.5 and 5 mg/kg, respectively) did not influence the electroconvulsive threshold but potentiated the anticonvulsant action of all antiepileptics studied. The combined treatment of LY 233053 (5 mg/kg) with carbamazepine, diphenylhydantoin, or phenobarbital (providing a 50% protection against maximal electroshock) resulted in the impairment of long-term memory. No adverse effects were observed with combinations of LY 235959 with these antiepileptics. The combined treatment of valproate with either LY 235959 or LY 233053 was superior to valproate alone, as regards motor impairment, but not the impairment of long-term memory. Neither NMDA-receptor antagonist elevated the total plasma levels of antiepileptic drugs studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be concluded that NMDA-receptor blockade leads to the enhanced anticonvulsive action of conventional antiepileptics against maximal electroshock-induced seizures. A pharmacokinetic interaction does not seem probable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Lublin Medical University School, Poland.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Borowicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasior
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kleinrok
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Czuczwar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004597:Electroshock; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010875:Pipecolic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012640:Seizures / Q000517:prevention & control; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007546:Isoquinolines; D010875:Pipecolic Acids; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D013777:Tetrazoles; C066685:LY 233053; C088643:LY 235959