title: Simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary bypass: perioperative risk and long-term survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to examine the outcome of simultaneous coronary bypass-carotid endarterectomy (CABG-CEA) and to compare it with the outcome of endarterectomy alone (CEA alone) in patients at high cardiac risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the records and follow-up data for 100 consecutive patients who had undergone CABG-CEA and were at high risk and 114 patients who had undergone CEA, had overt coronary artery disease (angina, previous infarct, or ischemic electrocardiographic abnormalities), but had not undergone CABG was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our CABG-CEA group had a high incidence of symptomatic carotid disease (57%) and contralateral occlusion (28%) when compared with patients in other reports. Patients in the CABG-CEA group were older (67.9 +/- 8.3 years vs 63.6 +/- 15.7 years, p = 0.01) and more often smokers (81% vs 52.6%, p = 0.01) than patients in the CEA alone group. Perioperative mortality was 8% for the CEA-CABG group and for 1.8% for the CEA alone group (p = 0.035). Perioperative stroke morbidity was 9% for the CEA-CABG group and 2.6% for the CEA alone group (p = 0.05). Life table survival at 1,3, and 5 years was 90%, 82%, and 73% versus 96%, 84%, and 76% for the CABG-CEA and CEA alone groups, respectively (p = 0.30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selection criteria for CABG-CEA greatly influence perioperative risk. Despite the greater age and more advanced coronary artery disease in the CABG-CEA group, long-term outcome differences are accounted for entirely by differences in perioperative morbidity and mortality. Prospective trials of strategies such as staged CEA and CABG to reduce perioperative risk are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khabbaz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bojar
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome