title: Importance of the two interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) sequences in the regulation of the human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene.
abstract: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (INDO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. It is induced strongly in many cell lines following interferon-gamma treatment. We report the cloning and characterization of the full-length human INDO promoter. This promoter is 1,245 base pairs long and includes two interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE) separated by an approximately 1-kilobase sequence. The presence of these two ISREs is critical for maximum INDO promoter activity (50-fold induction). When the ISREs are present in two separate fragments cloned upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter vector, the INDO promoter activity drops significantly (7-fold induction). 5' end deletions of the wild type promoter sequence indicate that removal of the ISRE (ISRE1) at position -1126 reduces the induction level to approximately 25-fold. This activity does not change appreciably when the promoter is deleted down to position -241. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis of ISRE1 also decreases the promoter activity in a similar way. When ISRE1 is kept intact, deletion of the second ISRE (ISRE2) at position -111 leads to only 11-fold induction of the promoter. A similar result is obtained when substitution mutations are introduced in ISRE2. Deletion of a 748-base pair sequence between the two ISREs only shows a slight decrease in the INDO promoter activity. These data indicate that the two ISRE sequences are required for the full transcriptional induction of the interferon-gamma-inducible human INDO gene. INDO activity is not induced in the hepatic cell line HepG2. An analysis of INDO-CAT activity in this cell line indicated that the lack of INDO activity was at the transcriptional level and could reflect either the presence of a repressor or lack of a transcription factor. This lack of induction could be correlated with a truncated or unstable IRF-1. However, the levels of IRF-2, JAK2, and STAT 91 were similar in both ME180 and HepG2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Konan
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase / Q000235:genetics*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase