title: Spectroscopic diagnosis of bladder cancer with elastic light scattering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, significant progress has been made toward the development of optical, noninvasive medical diagnostics. The goal of this study was to evaluate elastic scatter measurements as a tool for diagnosing bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo measurements on 10 patients with suspected bladder cancer were made with the optical biopsy system (OBS) developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Elastic-scatter spectra over the wavelength range 250-800 nm were obtained using a fiber-optic probe through one of the lumens of a urological cystoscope. Measurements were made on putatively normal areas and areas of uncertain abnormality, as well as those suspected to be cancerous. After measurements were made with the OBS, biopsy samples were taken at the measurement sites. Comparisons of the histopathology and the optical spectra were then made.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A diagnostic algorithm for distinguishing malignant from nonmalignant tissue based on the values of the slopes over the wavelength range 330-370 nm has a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97% for the limited number of patients in this study.
authors.affiliation: Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mourant
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Bigio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Conn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D020684:Cystoscopes; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008027:Light; D055100:Optical Fibers; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014978:Xenon
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D014978:Xenon