title: The use of panoramic radiology in dental practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Approximately 1.5 million panoramic radiographs are taken annually in the general dental service in England and Wales. The aim of this review was to assess the clinical role of panoramic radiology in the diagnosis of diseases associated with the teeth and to consider its value in routine screening of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was carried out by critical review of the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to common problems with radiographic technique and processing, there are limitations in image quality inherent to panoramic radiology. These factors contribute to a reduced diagnostic accuracy for caries diagnosis, demonstration of periodontal bone support and periapical pathology when compared with intraoral radiography. Routine screening is unproductive for large proportions of dentate and edentulous populations, while in those cases where pathology is detected the diagnostic accuracy can be questioned. Furthermore, the "detection' of asymptomatic anomalies may have no effect on patient management. Attempts to develop and test panoramic radiographic selection criteria are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New, high-yield selection criteria for panoramic radiography are proposed as a means of reducing unnecessary examinations, limiting radiation doses and reducing financial costs to patients and health service providers. However, research is indicated to develop further and to test such selection criteria.
authors.affiliation: University Dental Hospital, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Rushton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horner
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003657:Decision Making; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*