title: Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hematopoietic abnormalities are common in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We evaluated the role of diagnostic bone marrow aspirations and biopsies in HIV-infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight bone marrow biopsies and aspirates performed during the last 8 years at the Pediatric Branch of the National Cancer Institute from 60 children with symptomatic HIV infection were reviewed retrospectively. The results were correlated with clinical stage, use of antiretroviral therapy or hematopoietic growth factors, and hematopoietic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients (84%) showed a normal or hypercellular marrow, associated with diffuse lymphocytosis (50%) or therapy with hematopoietic growth factors (33%). Dyspoietic features were very common in all three cell lineages. Twenty-seven (44%) of the patients had decreased iron stores in the bone marrow that correlated with iron deficiency as documented by serum tests in more than one-third of our study population. Bone marrow cultures were not more helpful than peripheral cultures in establishing the diagnosis of an opportunistic infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although bone marrow abnormalities are very common in HIV-infected children, they are rarely specific. The role of diagnostic bone marrow aspirates and biopsies appears to be limited, and this invasive procedure should be reserved for specific situations (e.g., to rule out a malignancy).
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1928, USA.
authors.forename: B U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tannenbaum
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pizzo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000473:pathology; D010976:Platelet Count; D012016:Reference Values; D017701:Reticulocyte Count / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006454:Hemoglobins