title: A phase II study in advanced breast cancer: ZD1694 ('Tomudex') a novel direct and specific thymidylate synthase inhibitor.
abstract: ZD1694 ('Tomudex'), a novel, direct and specific thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, was developed in a collaborative research programme between Zeneca Pharmaceuticals and the Institute of Cancer Research (UK) and entered clinical trials in 1991; phase II studies began in 1992, using 3.0 mg m-2 every 3 weeks as a short 15 min infusion. Forty-six patients entered a phase II study of ZD1694 in advanced breast cancer. A total of 74% of patients had received prior systemic therapy (either as adjuvant cytotoxic or hormonal therapy or hormone therapy for advanced disease); 39% had received prior adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy. All patients had measurable disease and 50% had liver metastases. In all 43 patients were evaluable for response. Of these patients 26% achieved complete (CR) or partial response (PR) (95% Cl 14-42%). A response rate of 44% was seen in liver metastases. Two patients achieved CR of 265 and 301 days' duration respectively, one in locoregional disease, and one in liver metastases. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were nausea and vomiting (11%), diarrhoea (11%) and leucopenia (20%). Grade 3/4, self-limited and reversible increases in transaminases were seen in 22% of patients. ZD1694 has useful single agent activity in patients with hormone-refractory advanced breast cancer, comparable with that reported for other anti-metabolites, with acceptable tolerability.
authors.affiliation: Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spielmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namer
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonneterre
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wander
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatschek
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wilking
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zalcberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spiers
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seymour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D013876:Thiophenes; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; C068874:raltitrexed