title: Recognition of laparoscopic bile duct injuries by intraoperative ultrasonography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of detecting bile duct injuries using laparoscopic intraoperative ultrasound (LIOU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty bile duct injuries were created using laparoscopic techniques in ten farmer pigs. The lesions created were: (1) partial occlusion, (2) complete occlusion (1 clip), (3) complete occlusion (2 clips), (4) transection between clips, (5) excision between clips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All injuries were easily visualized using LIOU. The relation of clips impinging upon or occluding the bile duct was readily visualized on LIOU in all cases. In some cases it was difficult to distinguish between partial and complete occlusion. It was also difficult to distinguish between transection and excision due to retraction of the severed bile duct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases of iatrogenic occlusion of the bile duct involving hemoclips (including transection or excision between clips), LIOU is a potentially useful modality that may allow earlier recognition and repair. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of LIOU in detection of bile duct injuries that do not involve hemoclips.
authors.affiliation: First Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Deacony-Hospital, 27356 Rotenburg/Wümme, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Birth
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Delinikolas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weiser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013552:Swine; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology