title: Family history of panic disorder and hypersensitivity to CO2 in patients with panic disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors investigated the relationships between hypersensitivity to CO2 and familial-genetic risk for panic disorder in patients with panic disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morbidity risks for panic disorder were calculated for families of 203 patients with panic disorder, each of whom was challenged with 35% CO2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who reacted with a positive response to the 35% CO2 challenge showed a genetic risk for panic disorder (morbidity risk = 14.4%) that was significantly higher than that for patients who did not react (morbidity risk = 3.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the idea that hypersensitivity to CO2 might be associated with a subtype of panic disorder specifically related to a greater familial loading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caldirola
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bellodi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000175:diagnosis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D010919:Placebos; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D010919:Placebos; D002245:Carbon Dioxide