title: The effect of clozapine on self-injurious behavior.
abstract: Traditional neuroleptic drugs like thioridazine and haloperidol have not proven to be systematically effective with the treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB). These drugs may be ineffective because they primarily block D2 dopamine receptors. Based on research with humans and other animals, it appears that another dopamine receptor, D1, may be responsible for mediating some SIB. Clozapine, a neuroleptic recently introduced in the United States, has proven effective in treatment of refractory cases of schizophrenia and is known to have an affinity for blocking D1 receptors. The drug was used to complete a 93-week double-blind crossover trial with a client displaying chronic SIB. Though clozapine is known to affect other neurotransmitter systems, the successful treatment of the participant is consistent with the D1 hypothesis of self-injurious behavior and suggests the possibility that clozapine could be an effective pharmacological intervention for some cases of SIB.
authors.affiliation: University of Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hammock
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000187:drug effects; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D003024:Clozapine; D004298:Dopamine