title: Identification of a mutation in a GATA binding site of the platelet glycoprotein Ibbeta promoter resulting in the Bernard-Soulier syndrome.
abstract: Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (BSS) is a rare congenital bleeding disorder due to absent or decreased expression of the glycoprotein Ib-IX-V (GpIb-IX-V) receptor complex on the platelet surface. To date, only mutations in GpIbalpha or GpIX have been reported in patients with BSS. GpIbbeta differs from the other proteins in this receptor in that the gene is more complex, and an alternative form is expressed in cells of non-megakaryocytic lineage, including endothelial cells. It appears that the megakaryocytic and endothelial cell mRNA species are transcribed from different start sites and have different proximal promoter regions. We have identified a patient with BSS who has a deletion on one chromosome 22, resulting in velocardiofacial syndrome. The GpIbbeta gene has been mapped to this deleted (22q11.2) region of chromosome 22. The patient has greatly reduced levels of GpIbbeta mRNA and no detectable platelet GpIbbeta protein, suggesting that his BSS results from a mutation in his remaining GpIbbeta allele. Sequence analysis revealed that the coding region of GpIbbeta is normal, but the 5'-upstream region contains a C to G transversion at base -133 from the transcription start site used in megakaryocytes. The mutation changes a GATA consensus binding site, disrupts GATA-1 binding to the mutated site, and decreases promoter activity by 84%. Thus, in this patient, Bernard-Soulier syndrome results from a deletion of one copy of GpIbbeta and a mutated GATA binding site in the promoter of the remaining allele, resulting in decreased promoter function and GpIbbeta gene transcription.
authors.affiliation: Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ludlow
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Budarf
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Zackai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Konkle
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D001606:Bernard-Soulier Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D001665:Binding Sites; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; C494688:GATA1 protein, human; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase