title: [History of respiratory intensive care with reference to first aid for nearly-drowned persons].
abstract: In addition to anecdotal techniques originating from Galen's reasoning, the methods for the treatment of nearly-drowned persons from the XVIIIth century to the first quater of the XIXth century, are surprising as they still include the artificial internal ventilation techniques of today. Nevertheless for more than one century, these techniques were abandoned. External manual methods generating a forced expiration were preferred until 1958, when Peter Safar and coworkers demonstrated the value of mouth-to-mouth ventilation in comparison with manual methods. This eclipse finds its origin mainly in Leroy d'Etiolles's 'alarming' dissertation produced in 1827, underlining the pleuro-pulmonary risks of endotracheal insufflation and recommending the external manual methods, considered as being easy to use by everybody, without risk, and however improperly given as being efficient. As a result, the European philantropic societies abandoned bellows and positive pressure ventilation in their official resuscitation scheme for the nearly-drowned and asphyxiated.
authors.affiliation: Service d'accueil des urgences, centre hospitalier, Haguenau, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leveau
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D015701:Near Drowning / Q000628:therapy*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011187:Posture; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017694:Rewarming; D014140:Tracheotomy
vernacular_title: Histoire de la réanimation respiratoire vue à travers celle des noyés.