title: Sulindac increases the expression of APC mRNA in malignant colonic epithelial cells: an in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sulindac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which induces regression of colonic polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Animal and in vitro studies have shown that both the sulphide metabolite of sulindac, which is able to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase, and the sulphone metabolite, which lacks this ability, are able to inhibit the growth of colonic carcinoma cells. The exact mechanism by which these effects occurs is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of sulindac sulphide and sulindac sulphone on the expression of APC messenger RNA (mRNA), and on the proliferation of colonic carcinoma cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The colonic carcinoma cell line LIM 1215 was treated with sulindac sulphide and sulindac sulphone (10 microM or 100 microM) for 24 hours. Total RNA was extracted and APC mRNA was quantitated using competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Measurements of cell number, cell proliferation, and prostaglandin E2 concentrations were also made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in APC mRNA was observed after treatment with 10 microM of both sulindac sulphide and sulindac sulphone (control: 37.2 (19.7); 10 microM sulindac sulphide: 129 (112.8); 10 microM sulindac sulphone: 207.7 (102.9) pg/(g total RNA) (p < 0.05). Prostaglandin E2 concentrations were significantly reduced after treatment with sulindac sulphide, but not after sulindac sulphone. Both agents produced a dose dependent reduction in cell numbers and cell proliferation, which was more noticeable after treatment with sulindac sulphide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both sulindac sulphide and sulindac sulphone inhibit the growth of carcinoma cells in vitro and cause an increase in APC mRNA. The effect of these agents on colonic carcinogenesis is not mediated entirely by means of an inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dwight
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013467:Sulindac / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013467:Sulindac; C025462:sulindac sulfide; C025463:sulindac sulfone; D015232:Dinoprostone