title: Increased envelope spike density and stability are not required for the neutralization resistance of primary human immunodeficiency viruses.
abstract: Previous observations that the gp120 envelope glycoprotein contents of some primary, clade B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates were higher than those of laboratory-passaged HIV-1 isolates suggested the hypothesis that increased envelope glycoprotein spike density or stability contributes to the relative neutralization resistance of the primary viruses. To test this, the structural, replicative, and neutralization properties of a panel of recombinant viruses with HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins from divergent clades were examined in an env complementation assay. In this system, although the spike density and stability of envelope glycoproteins from primary HIV-1 isolates were not greater than those from a laboratory-adapted isolate, relative resistance to neutralizing antibodies and soluble CD4 was observed for the viruses with primary envelope glycoproteins. Thus, neither high envelope glycoprotein spike density nor stability is necessary for the relative neutralization resistance of primary HIV-1 viruses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sodroski
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002460:Cell Line; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015752:Genes, env; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes; D014162:Transfection; D014771:Virion / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase