title: Upstream stimulators for recoding.
abstract: Recent progress in elucidation of 5' stimulatory elements for translational recoding is reviewed. A 5' Shine-Dalgarno sequence increases both +1 and -1 frameshift efficiency in several genes; examples cited include the E. coli prfB gene encoding release factor 2 and the dnaX gene encoding the gamma and tau subunits of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. The spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the shift site is critical in both the +1 and -1 frameshift cassettes; however, the optimal spacing is quite different in the two cases. A frameshift in a mammalian chromosomal gene, ornithine decarboxylase antizyme, has recently been reported; 5' sequences have been shown to be vital for this frameshift event. Escherichia coli bacteriophage T4 gene 60 encodes a subunit of its type II DNA topoisomerase. The mature gene 60 mRNA contains an internal 50 nucleotide region that appears to be bypassed during translation. A 16 amino acid domain of the nascent peptide is necessary for this bypass to occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peden
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsufuji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsufuji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fayet
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gesteland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003062:Codon; D018965:Frameshifting, Ribosomal; D005815:Genetic Code; D008322:Mammals; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010443:Peptide Chain Termination, Translational; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal