title: Nicotine effects on PGE2 and IL-1 beta release by LPS-treated human monocytes.
abstract: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in the development and further progression of periodontitis. However, little is known regarding the pathogenesis of smoking-related periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nicotine, alone and in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on monocyte secretion of bone-resorbing factors, PGE2 and IL-1 beta. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) were isolated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation from 15 healthy, non-smoking donors. PBM were incubated for 24 h in RPMI 1640 containing nicotine (0, 50 ng/ml, 1 microgram/ml, 10 micrograms/ml and 100 micrograms/ml) with or without 10 micrograms/ml Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS or Escherichia coli LPS. Culture supernatants were assayed for PGE2 and IL-1 beta by ELISA. None of the nicotine preparations resulted in significant PBM secretion of PGE2 and IL-1 beta above that of unstimulated cultures. However, PGE2 release was potentiated 1.7-fold by the combination of P. gingivalis LPS and 10 micrograms/ml nicotine relative to P. gingivalis LPS alone (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). Prostaglandin E2 release also was potentiated 3.5-fold by P. gingivalis LPS and 100 micrograms/ml nicotine relative to P. gingivalis LPS alone (p < 0.00001, one-way ANOVA) and 3.1-fold by E. coli LPS and 100 micrograms/ml nicotine relative to E. coli LPS alone (p < 0.00001, one-way ANOVA). IL-1 beta secretion was lower for either LPS plus 100 micrograms/ml nicotine relative to LPS alone, although not significantly. These data demonstrate upregulation of LPS-mediated monocyte secretion of PGE2 by nicotine and suggest a potential role for nicotine in periodontal disease pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Specialities, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Lincoln 68583-0740, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Maze
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Dunning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000503:physiopathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine; D015232:Dinoprostone