title: The usefulness of scintigraphic examination for the evaluation of hepatotoxic impact of cholinesterase inhibitors.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological and functional status of the liver in acute, oral cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning using static scintigraphy, hepatography and measurements of chosen enzymes activity. Considering the different clinical picture of cholinesterase inhibitors poisonings in people, it was necessary to estimate the poisoning severity and its dependence on the frequency and intensification of the liver lesion. Under examination there were 37 cholinesterase inhibitors orally poisoned patients, treated at the Department of Toxicology in the years 1992-1995. The examined group comprised 7 women (19%) and 30 men (81%). Organophosphate compounds poisoning was noted in 14 patients, and carbamates poisonings in 23 patients. The reference group comprised 30 healthy men aged 24 to 59 years not exposed to hepatotoxic agents. More than 90% of patients were classified as severe poisoned. Any fatal case was not noted. A differently intensified pathological changes of the liver dependent on age and poisoning severity were found in 97.2% of patients and their frequency was significantly higher than in the control group. Hepatographic picture revealed in 96.6% of cases the liver lesion. Hepatographic picture of the liver was also dependent on poisoning severity. The higher activity of AST, ALT, AP and higher bilirubin concentration in blood were noted in poisoned men compared to the control group. Control scintigraphic examination revealed a considerable improvement in the intensification of the liver scintigraphic picture in 40% of the patients and a higher intensification in 13% of the subjects. In 46.6% of the patients the intensification of scintigraphic changes remained at the same level. Considering arbitrary criteria for the degree of the liver lesion, the improvement in the intensification of hepatographic changes was noted in 42.8% of the patients; the intensification of the liver lesion was not noted even in one case. Analyzing the percentage of the liver lesion for each individual patient, improvement was noted in 92.8% of the examined patients, and the changes with the same level of intensification in 7.2%. Deterioration was not noted at all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The liver scintigraphy and hepatography combined with biochemical analysis allows to assess the liver condition in acute cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University, Kraków.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pach
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002802:Cholinesterases