title: Demonstration of high-affinity Mn2+ uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: specificity and kinetics.
abstract: The existence of multiple transport systems for Mn2+ in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been demonstrated in this study. Mn2+ (supplied as MnCl2) was accumulated by S. cerevisiae at all Mn2+ concentrations examined (25 nM-1 mM) but a log-log plot of uptake rates and total amounts accumulated revealed the existence of at least two Mn(2+)-concentration-dependent transport systems. Over a low Mn2+ concentration range (25-1000 nM), high-affinity Mn2+ uptake occurred with a Km value of 0.3 microM, while transformation of kinetic data obtained over the concentration range 5-200 microM revealed another system with a Km of 62 microM. Meaningful kinetic analyses were not possible at high Mn2+ concentrations because of toxicity: only about 30% of cells remained viable after 30 min incubation with 1000 microM MnCl2. Release of K+ accompanied Mn2+ accumulation and this increased with increasing Mn2+ concentration. However, even in non-toxic Mn2+ concentration, the ratio of Mn2+ uptake to K+ release greatly exceeded electroneutral stoichiometric exchange. In 50 microM MnCl2, the ratio was 1:123 and this increased to 1:2670 in 1000 microM MnCl2, a toxic concentration. External Mg2+ was found to decrease Mn2+ accumulation at all concentrations examined, but to differing extents. Over the low Mn2+ concentration range (5-200 microM), Mg2+ competitively inhibited Mn2+ uptake with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration, Ki, of 5.5 microM Mg2+. However, even in the presence of a 50-fold excess of Mg2+, inhibition of Mn2+ uptake was of the order of 72% and it appears that the cellular requirement for Mn2+ could be maintained even in the presence of such a large excess of Mg2+. Over the high Mn2+ concentration range (5-200 microM), the Ki for Mg2+ was 25.2 microM. At low Mn2+ concentrations, Zn2+ and Co2+, but not Cd2+, inhibited Mn2+ uptake, which indicated that the high-affinity Mn2+ uptake system was of low specificity, while at higher Mn2+ concentrations, where the lower-affinity Mn2+ transport system operated, inhibition was less marked. However, competition studies with potentially toxic metal cations were complicated due to toxic effects, particularly noticeable at 50 microM Co2+ and Cd2+.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
authors.forename: Geoffrey M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gadd
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
authors.forename: Oliver S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Laurence
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism; D003035:Cobalt / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D003035:Cobalt; D008345:Manganese; D015032:Zinc; D011188:Potassium