title: Illicit substance use, gender, and the risk of violent behavior among adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze data from a nationally representative sample of high school students to investigate the relationship between substance use and violent behavior among adolescents and to examine this relationship in both male and female adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analyses of the 1991 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public and private schools in the 50 states.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 12,272 high school students.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the prevalence of weapon carrying and physical fighting among male and female adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in the number of male and female adolescents carrying weapons and physically fighting was associated with all forms of substance use. Reports of carrying a weapon increased with recent alcohol consumption (34% vs 17%, P < .001) and use of marijuana (48% vs 22%, P < .001), cocaine (71% vs 25%, P < .001), and anabolic steroids (62% vs 25%, P < .001). The prevalence of physical fighting was also significantly higher among adolescents who used illicit substances than among adolescents who denied drug use. The risk of violent behavior increased significantly, and was of equal magnitude, for adolescent females and males who were illicit substance users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol and illicit substance use are highly associated with an increased risk of violent behavior. These data also demonstrate that the risk of violence by adolescent females who are substance users is substantial.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Rochester (NY) School of Medicine and Dentistry, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dukarm
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weitzman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence