title: [Drug-induced or aggravated parkinsonism: clinical signs and the changing pattern of implicated drugs].
abstract: To determine the prevalence, clinical signs and course of drug-induced Parkinsonism (DIP) in a general neurology practice, as well as to study the changing pattern of drugs implicated. Retrospective study of DIP patients seen between January 1981 and December 1993. Of the 306 cases of parkinsonism seen, 56.8% were induced or aggravated by drugs. This side effects is more frequent in women and often occurs in old age. The drugs implicated most often were cinnarizine, sulpiride and flupentixol. Forty-two patients took 2 drugs simultaneously, whereas 6 took 3. The number of DIP seen increased after 1986 and then remained stable through 1993. Between 1981 and 1988, the drug most often implicated was cinnarizine, though its relative impact decreased in later years. The most frequently seen form of presentation was rigidakinetic syndrome. Neither drug nor age influenced clinical presentation. Parkinsonism disappeared completely within a mean of 5 months in 142 (82%) patients. Twenty-eight (16%) developed Parkinson's disease. Six of them were symptom-free for 12 to 72 months (mean 40 months), whereas 22 never experienced relief from parkinsonism. Sixteen suffered tardive dyskinesia, a complication that was not associated with the use of any particular drug. More than half of the cases of parkinsonism seen in a neurology practice are drug induced or aggravated, generally by psychotropic drugs. The frequency has held steady for the past 6 years. The drugs implicated change as knowledge of their inducement of parkinsonism becomes known. The clinical picture is usually reversible.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Aránzazu, San Sebastián.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martí Massó
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Poza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002936:Cinnarizine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005475:Flupenthixol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013469:Sulpiride / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002936:Cinnarizine; D013469:Sulpiride; D005475:Flupenthixol
vernacular_title: Parkinsonismo inducido o agravado por fármacos: características clínicas y evolución histórica de los fármacos implicados.