title: Differences of bcl-2 protein expression between Merkel cells and Merkel cell carcinomas.
abstract: The bcl-2 gene, originally identified in B-cell lymphomas, encodes for proteins which may assume oncogenic functions by blocking apoptosis. Bcl-2 proteins are broadly distributed among various tissues, including epithelial ones. Within the skin, bcl-2 is strongly expressed in melanocytes, but its further distribution is yet unclear. The Merkel cells, neuroendocrine-epithelial cells of the skin, are present within the epidermis and hair follicles, mostly nerve-associated, and are believed to be postmitotic and long lived. Possibly they give rise to the malignant Merkel cell carcinomas. In the present study we investigated the bcl-2 expression on the protein level by means of immunohistochemical techniques including double confocal laser scanning microscopy, as well as on the RNA level by RT-PCR techniques, in Merkel cells, Merkel cell carcinomas, and cell lines. Merkel cells were identified by double staining for cytokeratins 20 or 8/18. We demonstrate that fetal epidermal and dermal Merkel cells are immunostained for bcl-2 protein, most of them clearly weaker than melanocytes. Adult Merkel cells also express bcl-2 protein very heterogeneously, mostly weak. In contrast, Merkel cell carcinomas are usually strongly positive for bcl-2 protein with some degree of heterogeneity. This is different from malignant melanomas in which bcl-2 expression is reduced as compared to normal melanocytes. Bcl-2 gene expression was also shown for Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines on both the mRNA and the protein level. Possibly bcl-2 protein expression is downregulated during the life span of Merkel cells, arguing that they may succumb to a certain cell turnover. The comparably high bcl-2 protein level in Merkel cell carcinomas may reflect peculiar biological and clinical characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Mannheim Medical School, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gillardon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waltering
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmelz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015266:Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018862:Merkel Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger