title: Sponastrime dysplasia: five new cases and review of nine previously published cases.
abstract: Sponastrime dysplasia (SD) is a dwarfing autosomal recessive short-limb bone dysplasia. The diagnosis is established by a combination of clinical and radiological findings of which the radiological are the more specific. The current diagnostic criteria are ambiguous as demonstrated by the fact that, in our opinion, three of the five patients reported since the original article do not have this condition. Comparison of our five patients and the 9 published patients has led to development of more specific diagnostic criteria. Previously undescribed complications of this condition are subglottic stenosis and tracheo-broncho-malacia, developmental coxa vara, and avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Hospitals and Clinics, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Beals
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: LaFranchi
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sockalosky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001846:Bone Development; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics; D011859:Radiography