title: Roles of gall bladder emptying and intestinal transit in the pathogenesis of octreotide induced gall bladder stones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Octreotide treatment of acromegalic patients increases the % deoxycholic acid conjugates and the cholesterol saturation of gall bladder bile, and induces gall stone formation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the roles of gall bladder emptying and intestinal transit in these phenomena.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gall bladder emptying and mouth to caecum transit was measured in (a) control subjects and acromegalic patients given saline or 50 micrograms of octreotide, and (b) acromegalic patients taking long term octreotide. In the second group, large bowel transit was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single dose of octreotide inhibited meal stimulated gall bladder emptying, the ejection fraction falling from mean (SEM) 66.0 (2.3)% to 7.0 (5.3)% in controls (p < 0.001); from 72.5 (2.1) to 16.6 (5.1)% in untreated acromegalic patients (p < 0.001), and to 30.4 (9.5)% in acromegalic patients taking long term octreotide (p < 0.001 v untreated acromegalic group). Octreotide prolonged mouth to caecum transit time, from 112 (15) min to 237 (13) min in controls (p < 0.001), from 170 (13) min to 282 (11) min in untreated acromegalic patients (p < 0.001), and to 247 (10) min in acromegalic patients taking long term octreotide (p < 0.001 v untreated acromegalic patients). The mean large bowel transit in octreotide untreated compared with treated acromegalic patients remained unchanged (40 (6) h v 47 (6) h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolongation of intestinal transit and impaired gall bladder emptying may contribute to lithogenic changes in bile composition and gall stone formation in patients receiving long term octreotide.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Guy's Hospital Campus, UMDS, London.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hussaini
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Veysey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wass
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dowling
mesh_terms: D000172:Acromegaly / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D006728:Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D015282:Octreotide