title: Rheumatic involvement of all four heart valves--preoperative echocardiographic diagnosis and successful surgical management.
abstract: Rheumatic disease of all four heart valves is rare. We report on a patient with quadrivalvar involvement by rheumatic disease, diagnosed preoperatively by echocardiography, who underwent successful surgical correction. The implications of organic involvement of the pulmonary valve by rheumatic process is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasheed
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Al-Halees
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Duran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D004452:Echocardiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery