title: dNTP binding to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and mammalian DNA polymerase beta as revealed by affinity labeling with a photoreactive dNTP analog.
abstract: The dNTP binding pocket of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) were labeled using a photoreactive analog of dCTP, exo-N-[beta-(p-azidotetrafluorobenzamido)-ethyl]-deoxycytidine-5'- triphosphate (FABdCTP). Two approaches of photolabeling were utilized. In one approach, photoreactive FABdCTP and radiolabeled primer-template were UV-irradiated in the presence of each enzyme and resulted in polymerase radiolabeling. In an alternate approach, FABdCTP was first UV-cross-linked to enzyme; subsequently, radiolabeled primer-template was added, and the enzyme-linked dCTP analog was incorporated onto the 3'-end of the radiolabeled primer. The results showed strong labeling of the p66 subunit of RT, with only minor labeling of p51. No difference in the intensity of cross-linking was observed with either approach. FABdCTP cross-linking was increased in the presence of a dideoxyterminated primer-template with RT, but not with beta-pol, suggesting a significant influence of prior primer-template binding on dNTP binding for RT. Mutagenesis of beta-pol residues observed to interact with the incoming dNTP in the crystal structure of the ternary complex resulted in labeling consistent with kinetic characterization of these mutants and indicated specific labeling of the dNTP binding pocket.
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosobirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: O I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Lavrik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Safronov
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Dobrikov
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Shishkin
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000345:Affinity Labels / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000378:metabolism*; D003843:Deoxycytidine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D003845:Deoxycytosine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013938:Thymidine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D013942:Thymine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000345:Affinity Labels; D003845:Deoxycytosine Nucleotides; D013942:Thymine Nucleotides; D003843:Deoxycytidine Monophosphate; C078023:exo-N-(2-(4-azidotetrafluorobenzamido)ethyl)-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate; D013938:Thymidine Monophosphate; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D004256:DNA Polymerase I; D014357:Trypsin; C024157:thymidine 5'-triphosphate