title: Comparison of antihypertensive effects of nicardipine with nitroglycerin for perioperative hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare the efficacy of intravenous (iv) nicardipine with nitroglycerin for the treatment for patients with perioperative hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with perioperative hypertension randomly divided into two groups were treated with intravenous calcium entry blocker, nicardipine, or vasodilator, nitroglycerin. Haemodynamic measurements including mean arterial and pulmonary arterial pressure, central venous and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac output were recorded; peripheral and pulmonary vascular resistance were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both medications were effective in reducing blood pressure and controlling haemodynamics. During the maintenance by continuous iv infusion, nicardipine controlled hypertension more rapidly than nitroglycerin (nicardipine 10.5 +/- 2.5 min and nitroglycerin 18.7 +/- 2.8 min, p < 0.05) without significant alteration in heart rate. The total frequency of dose adjustments required to achieve therapeutic response was significantly less in the nicardipine-treated group (2.5 +/- 0.3 for nicardipine and 6.2 +/- 1.4 for nitroglycerin, p < 0.05). Incidence of hypotensive episodes during the infusion were observed in both groups [nicardipine 5% (1/20) and nitroglycerin 30% (6/20), p < 0.05].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous nicardipine is as effective as nitroglycerin in the treatment of perioperative hypertension. Specific advantages have been identified such as stable dose-response effect, less hypotensive and tachycardial effects during the use of iv nicardipine in treatment of hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009529:Nicardipine; D005996:Nitroglycerin