title: The management of hormone refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: Prostate cancer patients deemed unsuitable for curative therapy by means of radical prostatectomy or radiation are offered androgen ablation or suppression therapy, which normally results in an inhibition of prostate cellular growth for a period of 12-18 months. Death of patients from prostate cancer is directly related to the development of clones of cells capable of multiplying and metastasising without androgen stimulation, and to date efforts to suppress these cells have been singularly unsuccessful. There are a number of treatment options available, and these include secondary hormone therapy, growth factor inhibition, chemotherapy, combination therapies and interstitial radiotherapy. The merits and disadvantages of these management approaches are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Newling
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000639:trends; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010166:Palliative Care; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013006:Growth Hormone