title: Stimulation of Na+, K(+)-pump activity in skeletal muscle by methylxanthines: evidence and proposed mechanisms.
abstract: Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that submillimolar concentrations of methylxanthines stimulate Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity in skeletal muscle. Administration of methylxanthines to skeletal muscle results in plasma membrane hyperpolarization and increased rates of K+ uptake and Na+ efflux. These effects are both dose- and time-dependent and inhibited by blockers of the Na+, K+ ATPase. The mechanisms for stimulation of Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and the signal transduction pathways are not known. The methylxanthine concentrations required for stimulation of Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity are less than those required to cause a 50% inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity, and therefore increases in cyclic AMP due to inhibition of the enzyme are not involved. Possible mechanisms by which methylxanthines may increase Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity include; (1) a role for increased intracellular [Ca2+]; (2) Ca2+ or adenosine-receptor-mediated increases in intracellular cyclic AMP; and (3) a direct action of methylxanthines on the Na+, K+ ATPase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelpb, Canada.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lindinger
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Willmets
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hawke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014970:Xanthines; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase