title: Frusemide and its acyl glucuronide show a short and long phase in elimination kinetics and pharmacodynamic effect in man.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of 80 mg frusemide given orally were investigated in normal subjects using a direct HPLC method for parent drug and its acyl glucuronide conjugate. Two half-lives could be distinguished in the plasma elimination of both frusemide and its conjugate, with values of 1.25 +/- 0.75 and 30.4 +/- 11.5 h for frusemide and 1.31 +/- 0.60 and 33.2 +/- 28.0 h for the conjugate. The renal excretion rate-time profile showed two phases; the rapid elimination phase lasted from 0-15 h and the second and slow phase, from 15-96 h. During the first 15 h, 33.3 +/- 4.8% of the dosed frusemide was excreted; in the remaining period 15-96 h, 4.6 +/- 1.5% was excreted. In the same two periods the excretion of the glucuronide was 13.4 +/- 4.7 and 1.9 +/- 1.1%, respectively. The mean renal clearance of frusemide was 90.2 +/- 16.9 mL min-1 during the first period and 91.5 +/- 29.3 mL min-1 in the remaining period, during which the stimulation of urine production was absent. The renal clearance of the acyl glucuronide was 702 +/- 221 mL min-1 in the first period, but only 109 +/- 51.0 mL min-1 in the second period. The stimulated urine production in the first 6 h after administration amounted to 2260 +/- 755 mL (measured urine production minus baseline value of 1 mL min-1 (360 mL). During the second or rebound period (6-96 h after drug administration), the quantity of urine was 990 +/- 294 mL lower than what would have been expected from the baseline production of 5400 mL. This reduced production (0.82 mL min-1) is equivalent to an 18% reduction in the average urine flow rate of 1 mL min-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Academic Hospital Nijmegen Sint Radboud, Netherlands.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Vree
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Den Biggelaar-Martea
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Verwey-Van Wissen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004232:Diuretics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D005965:Glucuronates; D005665:Furosemide