title: [Nineteenth century physicians against drum perforation].
abstract: The trials of "organic" closure of drum perforation are described. The achievements of Adam Politzer, Hermann Schwartze, Joseph Gruber are presented. The first who used term "myringoplasty" was Emil Berthold. The "epochal" method of Wasilij Okuniew and achievements of Beniamin Gomperz are also depicted. The scientific activities of Polish otologists: Ludwik Guranowski and Rafai Spira were presented.
authors.affiliation: Przemysłowego ZOZ Wrocław-Fabryczna.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kierzek
mesh_terms: D049672:History, 19th Century; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000266:history; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation / Q000266:history*
vernacular_title: Dziewietnastowieczni lekarze wobec perforacji błony bebenkowej.