title: Bilateral ulnar agenesis: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Bilateral ulnar agenesis is a rare abnormality. A total of 36 cases are analyzed: 35 of these are documented in the literature and 1 stillborn male is presented in this study. Most patients had one of the three conditions: Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild syndrome, syndrome of ulnar aplasia with split hand/split foot deformity, or the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. Fifty percent of all cases with bilateral ulnar agenesis were associated with lower limb defects and these cases, for the most part, also belonged to the aforementioned syndromes. Nonskeletal, internal organ malformations were identified in 34% of all patients. Nine patients presented with isolated bilateral ulnar agenesis. The Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild syndrome and the split hand/split foot deformity are heritable disorders. There was no evidence for genetic etiology in most of the other cases. Bilateral ulnar agenesis in our fetus was part of the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome with associated cardiac defect, diaphragmatic hernia, and umbilical artery agenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36617, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bozner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Cooley
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000473:pathology; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital; D008297:Male; D013577:Syndrome; D014457:Ulna / Q000002:abnormalities*