title: Ultrastructure of selected struvite-containing urinary calculi from cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the ultrastructural details of struvite-containing urinary calculi from cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens studied were inclusive of the range of textures visible during preliminary analysis by use of a stereoscopic dissecting microscope. Textural types, which were used to infer crystal growth conditions, were differentiated with regard to crystal habit, crystal size, growth orientation, and primary porosity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty specimens were selected from a collection of approximately 1,600 feline urinary calculi: 20 of these were composed entirely of struvite, and 10 consisted of struvite and calcium phosphate (apatite).
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative and quantitative analyses of specimens included use of plain and polarized light microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron imagery, x-ray fluorescence scans, and electron probe microanalysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four textural types were recognized among struvite calculi, whereas 2 textural types of struvite-apatite calculi were described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of minute, well interconnected primary pores in struvite-containing urinary calculi from cats is an important feature, which may promote possible interaction of calculi with changes in urine composition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary porosity, which can facilitate interaction between the calculus and changing urine composition, may explain the efficacy of dietary or medicinal manipulations to promote the dissolution of struvite-containing uroliths from this species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ruby
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Schiffman
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002371:Cat Diseases; D002415:Cats; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D000069877:Struvite; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000662:veterinary*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D000069877:Struvite; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium