title: Oral immunization with a replication-deficient recombinant vaccinia virus protects mice against influenza.
abstract: Mice immunized with two intragastrically administered doses of a replication-deficient recombinant vaccinia virus containing the hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes from H1N1 influenza virus developed serum anti-H1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody that completely protected the lungs from challenge with H1N1. Almost all of the mice given two intragastric doses also developed mucosal anti-H1 IgA antibody, and those with high anti-H1 IgA titers had completely protected noses. Intramuscular injection of the vaccine protected the lungs but not the noses from challenge. We also found that the vaccine enhanced recovery from infection caused by a shifted (H3N2) influenza virus, probably through the induction of nucleoprotein-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. A replication-deficient, orally administered, enteric-coated, vaccinia virus-vectored vaccine might safely protect humans against influenza.
authors.affiliation: Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA. bbender@qm.server.ufl.edu
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Small
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral; D015707:HN Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015707:HN Protein; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic