title: Evaluation of outbreaks of disease attributable to eastern equine encephalitis virus in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate outbreaks of disease attributable to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in horses in Michigan, and the associated environmental patterns and weather conditions, so that factors could be identified that may have predisposed horses in specific areas of the state to infections with EEEV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemiologic retrospective records analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on EEEV vectors, wild-bird reservoir hosts, and incidental hosts, including horses and human beings, obtained from census reports and medical records compiled between 1942 and 1991.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patterns detected during outbreaks of disease attributable to EEEV infections in horses were compared to associated water drainage patterns, distributions of EEEV vectors, wild-bird reservoir and incidental hosts, and weather conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Michigan has all of the elements required to sustain EEEV on a state-wide basis. Outbreaks of disease attributable to EEEV in horses have recurred in a similar regional distribution in Michigan. Regions of Michigan that have specific patterns for water drainage, specific mosquito species, and areas with higher than expected amounts of precipitation have been associated with outbreaks of disease attributable to EEEV in horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of environmental patterns, weather conditions, and vector and reservoir host distributions may be useful to identify areas in Michigan and elsewhere in which horses and human beings are at increased risk for an outbreak of disease attributable to EEEV.
authors.affiliation: Population Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1314, USA.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kaneene
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D001717:Birds; D009033:Culicidae; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004663:Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine; D004683:Encephalomyelitis, Equine / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005843:Geography; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014887:Weather; D015047:Zoonoses