title: Neurofibromatosis type 1 in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document ophthalmic and general characteristics of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) in children; and to characterize the iris changes of NF1 including their variability and reliability.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-six patients with NF1 were evaluated for general characteristics; 156 patients underwent prospective eye evaluations; and 151 NF1 patients and controls had iris photography in accordance with a protocol. Masked evaluation of photographs compared to a known diagnosis, and interobserver reliability tests were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of iris changes consistent with NF1 (Lisch nodules, plus) by age group; spectrum of iris changes found; correlation of iris findings to known diagnosis and Kappa coefficients for interobserver reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Iris changes were common in children over age 5, and increased with age; masked evaluation of photographs compared to a known diagnosis yielded fair to poor correlation (Kappa = -.02 to .50); interobserver reliability was poor (Kappa = -.02 to .24, overall .174); iris changes found in NF1 are more diverse than classic descriptions of Lisch nodules, and including a broader spectrum probably increases the sensitivity and decreases the specificity of their diagnostic value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iris changes as a diagnostic marker for NF1 may need rethinking; this study calls to question their reliability and validity.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007498:Iris / Q000473:pathology*; D015811:Iris Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009456:Neurofibromatosis 1 / Q000473:pathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010781:Photography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results