title: Electronic compliance assessment of antifungal prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.
abstract: Several prophylactic medications for opportunistic or recurrent infections are used in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Essential to the efficacy evaluation of these agents is the accurate reporting of medication compliance. We hypothesized that poor patient compliance with thrice-weekly fluconazole prophylaxis would correlate with the occurrence of clinical events. Fluconazole compliance was monitored electronically by using the Medication Event Monitoring Systems with 19 women receiving fluconazole at 50 mg thrice weekly for prophylaxis of recurrent mucocutaneous candidiasis. During 202 patient-months of follow-up, eight breakthrough episodes of mucocutaneous candidiasis developed in four women; compliance data were available for seven of these episodes. At 6 months of therapy, more women with greater than or equal to 80% compliance were disease free compared with women with less than 80% compliance (P < 0.05; the Fisher exact test). These data suggest that documentation of medication compliance is essential in studies of chronic prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients to properly evaluate drug efficacy and to avoid erroneous conclusions concerning drug failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston 02881-0809, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Geletko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segarra
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Bettencourt
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Dudley
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002178:Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004581:Electronics; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012008:Recurrence; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole