title: Moloney leukemia virus-induced cell surface antigen mimicry by monoclonal antibodies.
abstract: We have investigated antigen-independent modulation of immune responses by monoclonal antibodies directed against both viral and nonviral antigens. BALB/c mice were immunized with monoclonal IgM (i.e. Ab1) specific for either Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced cell surface antigen (MCSA) or the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP). Injection with either Ab1 activated a functional idiotypic (Id) network as evidenced by production of both anti-Id (Ab2) antibodies and anti-anti-Id (Ab3) antibodies. A subset of induced Ab3 (designated Ab1'), exhibited specificity for antigen (virus or DNP). In mice immunized with anti-Id antibodies (Ab2), production of Ab3 and Ab1' was also observed. In the MCSA system, antibody-induced Ab1' responses were effective in protecting mice from tumor development upon subsequent challenge with live virus. Furthermore, antigen-independent modulation of immunity to both viral and nonviral antigens was found to be thymus-dependent. Similar findings in other viral systems suggest that antibody-induced activation of Id networks may prove a viable alternative vaccine strategy that can elicit antigen-specific responses, and in some cases protection, in the apparent absence of exposure to antigen.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lamon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D001666:Binding Sites, Antibody / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000276:immunology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018448:Models, Immunological; D008979:Moloney murine leukemia virus / Q000276:immunology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; D007075:Immunoglobulin M