title: Spent cellulose casings as potential feed ingredients for ruminants.
abstract: Cellulose casings are used to contain and form meat and poultry emulsions during the smoking and cooking process. Casings then are stripped from the cooked product and traditionally disposed of in landfills. Because of the bulk of the spent cellulose casings (SCC), rapid composting technology may be used to reduce bulkiness. The following SCC were evaluated in vitro and in vivo: fibrous ground (FG), fibrous composted (FC), NOJAX ground (NG), and NOJAX composted (NC). In vitro digestibility was determined by incubating SCC with mixed ruminal bacteria for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. In vivo data were collected using four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Diets consisted of a 50:50 ratio of alfalfa hay-wheat middlings with 5% cornsteep liquor. Diets contained no SCC (CON) or 25% (DM basis) of the FC, FG, or NC SCC substrate. Casings were high in structural carbohydrate and salt content but low in CP, ether extract, and lignin concentrations. In vitro OM digestibility at 24 h was highest (P < .05) for FC and lowest (P < .05) for NG; FG and NC were intermediate. Composting tended to reduce fiber content and increase digestion. In vivo intakes and digestibilities were not adversely affected by inclusion of SCC in the diet. Thus, SCC have the ability to partially replace more traditional forages, such as alfalfa hay and wheat middlings, in high-fiber diets for growing beef cattle. Limitations in the use of SCC as a partial replacement of traditional feedstuffs will likely be because of high salt concentrations in the casings resulting from product brine chilling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gentry
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fahey
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards; D010316:Particle Size; D011897:Random Allocation; D012418:Ruminants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose