title: Evaluation of propofol for general anesthesia in premedicated horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate selected hemodynamic, respiratory, and behavioral responses to propofol in horses premedicated with xylazine or detomidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Xylazine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of body weight) was administered IV on different days to each of 6 horses prior to IV administration of propofol (2 mg/kg). In a second group of 6 horses, detomidine (15 and 30 micrograms/kg) was similarly studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 groups of 6 mature healthy horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, arterial blood gas tensions, and direct arterial blood pressures were recorded before and at fixed intervals after drug administration. Induction and recovery events were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Cardiopulmonary and behavioral data to follow were statistically analyzed (P < or = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate decreased in dose-dependent manner from a mean (+/- SD) of 39.5 +/- 5.1 beats/min after xylazine and detomidine. Second-degree atrioventricular dissociation was commonly seen at the higher drug doses. After propofol administration, heart rate either transiently increased or was less depressed early in recumbency, compared with predrug values. Direct arterial blood pressures varied inconsistently from predrug values. Mean arterial carbon dioxide tension tended to increase after drug administration (significance variable) from predrug values of 42 to 46 mm of Hg in both drug groups. After xylazine or detomidine administration, arterial oxygen tension decreased significantly from predrug values of 97 to 103 mm of Hg. The magnitude and duration of decrease was dose-dependent and greatest during recumbency. Behavioral responses to anesthetic induction were variable, but horses were uniformly calm and coordinated during recovery. Recumbency time increased in response to the higher dose of either premedicant drug. Mean (+/- SD) times to standing were 25.02 +/- 4.42 and 35.57 +/- 6.83 minutes for the low and high doses of xylazine, respectively and 41.04 +/- 11.21 and 52.64 +/- 14.67 minutes for the low and high doses of detomidine, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither xylazine nor detomidine prevented excitation associated with propofol injection in horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Xylazine or detomidine-propofol combinations likely will not replace common anesthetic induction techniques for horses. However, recovery characteristics associated with propofol encourage further study in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-8745, USA.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Mama
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Steffey
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pascoe
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006736:Horses; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011292:Premedication; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014991:Xylazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014991:Xylazine; C041255:detomidine; D010100:Oxygen; D015742:Propofol