title: Synthesis of the four isomers of 4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate: identification of a potent, highly selective, and systemically-active agonist for metabotropic glutamate receptors negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase.
abstract: The four isomers of 4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (APDC) were prepared and evaluated for their effects at glutamate receptors in vitro. (2R,4R)-APDC (2a), an aza analog of the nonselective mGluR agonist (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (1S,3R)-ACPD, 1), was found to possess relatively high affinity for metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) (ACPD-sensitive [3H]glutamate binding IC50 = 6.49 +/- 1.21 microM) with no effects on radioligand binding to NMDA, AMPA, or kainate receptors up to 100 microM. None of the other APDC isomers showed significant mGluR binding affinity, indicating that this interaction is highly stereospecific. Both 1 and 2a were effective in decreasing forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in the adult rat cerebral cortex (EC50 = 8.17 +/- 2.21 microM for 1; EC50 = 14.51 +/- 5.54 microM for 2a); however, while 1 was also effective in stimulating basal tritiated inositol monophosphate production in the neonatal rat cerebral cortex (EC50 = 27.7 +/- 5.2 microM), 2a (up to 100 microM) was ineffective in stimulating phosphoinositide hydrolysis in this tissue preparation, further supporting our previous observations that 2a is a highly selective agonist for mGluRs negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase. Microelectrophoretic application of either 1 or 2a to intact rat spinal neurons produced an augmentation of AMPA-induced excitation (95 +/- 10% increase for 1, 52 +/- 6% increase for 2a). Intracerebral injection of 1 (400 nmol) produced characteristic limbic seizures in mice which are not mimicked by 2a (200-1600 nmol, ic). However, the limbic seizures induced by 1 were blocked by systemically administered 2a in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 271 mg/kg, ip). It is concluded that (2R,4R)-APDC (2a) is a highly selective, systemically-active agonist of mGluRs negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase and that selective activation of these receptors in vivo can result in anticonvulsant effects.
authors.affiliation: Core Technology Division, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. Monn@Lilly.com
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Monn
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Valli
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Salhoff
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lodge
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Spangle
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Paschal
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Griffey
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tizzano
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Schoepp
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008032:Limbic System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: C097299:4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D005576:Colforsin; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D011392:Proline; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases