title: Distinct tyrosine residues within the interleukin-2 receptor beta chain drive signal transduction specificity, redundancy, and diversity.
abstract: To explore the basis for interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling specificity, the roles of tyrosine-based sequences located within the cytoplasmic tails of the beta and gammac chains were examined in the murine helper T cell line HT-2. Activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, cellular proliferation, and the induction of various genes were monitored. All four of the cytoplasmic tyrosine residues as well as the distal portion of the gammac proved dispensable for the entire spectrum of IL-2R signaling responses studied. Conversely, select tyrosine residues within the beta chain were essential and differentially required for various signaling events. Specifically, activation of c-fos gene expression was found to occur exclusively through the most membrane proximal tyrosine, Tyr-338, whereas proliferation and the activation of STAT-5 were induced either through Tyr-338 or through the two C-terminal tyrosine residues, Tyr-392 and Tyr-510. These tyrosine residues mediated the induction of two different STAT-5 isoforms, which were found to form heterodimers upon receptor activation. In contrast to the tyrosine dependence of c-fos and STAT-5 induction, bcl-2 gene induction proceeded independently of all IL-2Rbeta tyrosine residues. Thus, the tyrosine-based modules present within the IL-2Rbeta cytoplasmic tail play a critical role in IL-2R signaling, mediating specificity, redundancy, and multifunctionality.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94141, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gaffen
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hennighausen
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053616:Janus Kinase 3; D051379:Mice; D008894:Milk Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D004921:Erythropoietin; D014443:Tyrosine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507905:Jak1 protein, mouse; C507935:Jak3 protein, mouse; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053616:Janus Kinase 3