title: Cerebral blood volume maps with dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted FLASH imaging: normal values and preliminary clinical results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this article we investigate the application of a method that uses the relaxation effect of bolus-like injected Gd-DTPA to quantify regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV). The aim of the study was to determine if the method provides correct rCBV values in healthy subjects as well as to obtain additional diagnostic information for patients with a glioma or stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy subjects, 12 patients with brain infarctions, and 18 patients with gliomas were examined. A series of 64 sequential images of one slice was recorded during bolus transit with a FLASH sequence. The measured signal intensity-time curves were converted pixel-wise to concentration-time curves from which the rCBV images were calculated applying the indicator dilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An average value for gray and white matter of 4.4 +/- 1.6 vol% was obtained for the group of healthy subjects. The grading of the tumors could be classified according to the differences of their corresponding rCBV values. Fifty percent of the infarct patients had to be excluded from the analysis in the acute phase due to mispositioning of the slice and data degradation by gross motion artifact. Different rCBV values were found for areas that develop later into gliotic scars or cystic necrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method is easy to apply in clinical routine MR investigations and provides valuable information for noninvasive, preoperative assessment of tumor grading. It can also provide additional criteria for estimating the histological outcome and with it the degree of ischemia in stroke patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hackländer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Reichenbach
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rascher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fürst
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mödder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001810:Blood Volume; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005910:Glioma / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA