title: The initiator element and proximal upstream sequences affect transcriptional activity and start site selection in the amyloid beta-protein precursor promoter.
abstract: The TATA-less human amyloid beta-protein precursor promoter contains an initiator element with the sequence CGTCA+1GTT. Primary transcriptional start sites were identified at positions +1 and -4. Deletion of the upstream activator elements APBbeta and APBalpha did not affect the selection of transcriptional start sites, although total transcriptional activity was reduced both in vitro and in vivo. Mutations within the initiator element shifted the transcriptional start sites and reduced transcriptional activity. Mutations between positions -6 and -35 changed the relative utilization of start sites +1 and -4 without affecting the total level of transcriptional activity. A 10-base pair deletion between position -40 and -31 increased in vitro transcriptional activity with a preeminent utilization of the start site at position -4. In contrast, a 20-base pair deletion between position -40 and -21 resulted in a reduction in transcriptional activity and in the primary utilization of the start site at position +1. Furthermore, transactivation by APBbeta and APBalpha was eliminated. DNase I footprinting provided evidence for the existence of two binding domains designated UE (position -12 to -30) and Inr (position +7 to -7). The positions of these binding domains are altered in mutations and deletions that affect transcriptional activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8101, USA.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Quitschke
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vostrov
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016385:TATA Box; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I