title: [Nineteenth century physicians against drum perforation. I. The method of "mechanical" closure of drum perforation].
abstract: The trials of closure of drum perforation since a long are described. The first, who noticed drum perforation was Astley Paston Cooper. The first, who used artificial ear-drum was Marcus Banzer. The achievements of James Yearsley, Juliusz Erhard Camile Miot, Adam Politzer, Joseph Toynbee and others are presented. The achievements of Polish physicians: Teodor Heiman, Aleksander Zebrowski, Jan Szmurło, Edmund Modrzejewski, Rafał Spira and others are depicted. The indications and contrinications for artificial ear-drum employment are also described.
authors.affiliation: Przemysłowego ZOZ Wrocław-Fabryczna.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kierzek
mesh_terms: D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000266:history*; D013523:Surgical Equipment / Q000266:history; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation / Q000266:history*
vernacular_title: Dziewietnastowieczni lekarze wobec perforacji błony bebenkowej. I. Metody "mechanicznego" zamkniecia perforacji.