title: A randomized multicenter trial of adjuvant therapy in superficial bladder cancer: transurethral resection only versus transurethral resection plus mitomycin C versus transurethral resection plus bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Participating Clinics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A randomized multicenter trial was done to compare transurethral resection only to transurethral resection plus adjuvant mitomycin C and bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) instillation for treatment of superficial bladder cancer (stage pTa/1 grades 1 to 3 except primary stage pTa grade 1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Included in the study were 337 patients with superficial stage pTa/1 grades 1 to 3 bladder cancer except primary stage pTa grade 1 tumors. One group underwent transurethral resection alone. Mitomycin C (20 mg./50 ml. sodium chloride) was given every 2 weeks during year 1 and once a month during year 2. BCG (120 mg/50 ml. sodium chloride was instilled once a week for 6 weeks and once a month for 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median followup of 20.2 months, a decrease in recurrence rate was noted for both drug instillations compared to transurethral resection only. The relative risk of recurrence was 0.508 after mitomycin C and 0.618 after BCG instillation compared to transurethral resection alone. There was no significant difference between the mitomycin C and BCG instillations. The progression rate was comparable in all 3 therapy groups, with an estimated common progression rate of 4.22% per year. Side effects occurred most frequently during or after BCG instillation, most often consisting of cystitis. One patient required cystectomy because of ulcerating cystitis and a prostatic abscess subsequent to unsuccessful tuberculostatic therapy. There were no systemic complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed a positive effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy on decreasing tumor recurrence rate. No influence was observed concerning progression rate, which was low overall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Essen Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krege
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rübben
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D014521:Urethra; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016685:Mitomycin