title: [Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in 176 patients with Parkinson's disease].
abstract: Dyskinesias are frequently observed in parkinsonian patients during levodopa treatment. The occurrence of these movement disorders usually makes the therapeutic management of the patients very difficult. The clinical characteristics of 176 patients with dyskinesias were retrospectively studied. Dyskinesias occurred, on average, after 6.2 years of duration of Parkinson's disease and after 4.2 years on treatment with levodopa. Patients were more likely to have dyskinesias during more advanced stages (measured by Hoehn and Yahr scale). Peak of dose and square wave were the types of dyskinesia more frequently described and were associated with choreic movements in most cases. Dystonia occurred in 40% of the cases and was predominant in end of dose and diphasic dyskinesias. Thirty-five percent of dystonia cases presented as "early morning dystonia". Chorea was the most frequent involuntary movement and mostly generalized. Dystonia was most commonly described in lower limbs. Orofacial dyskinesia, when occurred alone, was more frequently seen in old rather than young patients. When dyskinesia was unilateral it was more likely to occur in the side where Parkinson's disease was more severe.
authors.affiliation: Setor de Investigação em Moléstias Extrapiramidais da Disciplina de Neurologia Clínica Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borges
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa
vernacular_title: Discinesias induzidas por levodopa em 176 pacientes com doença de Parkinson.