title: The legal strategies used in operating syringe exchange programs in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to identify the strategies used by syringe exchange programs to establish their legality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statutes, court decisions, published studies of exchange programs, and news stories were reviewed, and telephone interviews were conducted with syringe exchange personnel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven exchanges have been authorized by amendments to or judicial interpretations of state drug laws or by administrative action under such laws, or operate in a state that has no laws regulating needles. At least 13 programs operate under claims of legality based on local interpretations of state law, principally public health law. The remaining syringe exchanges operate without a claim of legality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The deployment of syringe exchanges has been hindered by concerns about their legal status. This study shows that the applicability of drug laws to syringe exchange is open to dispute, and that local public health authorities may under some circumstances rely on their own legal authority to fund or operate syringe exchange programs.
authors.affiliation: Temple Law School, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burris
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Finucane
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grace
mesh_terms: D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States