title: Inadequate pre-season preparation of schoolboy rugby players--a survey of players at 25 Cape Province high schools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the previous rugby experience, the knowledge and the use of injury prevention techniques by South African schoolboy rugby players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before the first full-contact match of the 1991 rugby season, 2,330 players completed a detailed questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  High schools in the Cape Province. Three thousand three hundred and thirty players from 25 schools selected because of a record of excellence in and commitment to schoolboy rugby.
  
  
  METHODS
  Personal data including age, height, mass and rugby experience; history and nature of previous rugby injuries; knowledge of techniques known to prevent rugby injuries; parental and personal reasons for playing rugby.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence and distribution of the different types of injuries previously sustained by the players were the same as those identified prospectively in the same population. A-team players were significantly heavier and taller than players in lower teams in most playing positions in most age groups. Although A-team players were more likely to participate in pre-season endurance or strength training, fewer than 40% of players overall trained adequately in the pre-season. Less than 30 minutes was allocated to the practice of tackling and falling techniques prior to the first full-contact match. Knowledge of different high-risk situations during play was generally sketchy, and only 24% of players wore gumguards all the time. More fathers (84%) than mothers (63%) encouraged their sons to play rugby.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the incidence and nature of the injuries reported retrospectively were similar to those reported in prospective studies at the same schools. The players' knowledge of techniques known to prevent rugby injuries was inadequate and too little attention was paid at the start of the rugby season to training and coaching techniques to reduce injury risk. Coaching errors may therefore have predisposed players to injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Cape Town.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Upton
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Noakes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires