title: Human brain S100 beta and S100 beta mRNA expression increases with age: pathogenic implications for Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: S100 beta is a neurite extension factor that has been implicated in the development of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease. We analyzed the expression of S100 beta and its encoding mRNA, using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Northern blot analysis, in postmortem brain tissue from 26 neurologically normal patients, aged 1-80 years. Tissue levels of S100 beta and S100 beta mRNA, as well as the number of S100 beta-immunoreactive (S100 beta +) astrocytes, increased with advancing age (r = 0.60, p = 0.008; r = 0.65, p = 0.007: and r = 0.73, p = 0.001, respectively). In patients more than 60 years old, the number of S100 beta + astrocytes and the tissue levels of S100 beta and S100 beta mRNA were significantly higher than those in patients less than 60 years of age (p = 0.001, p = 0.035, and p = 0.047, respectively). All of these values, however, were significantly less than those found in Alzheimer patients (p < 0.05 or better). Our findings, together with the known functions of S100 beta, suggest that age-related increases in S100 beta expression are important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and may explain in part the increased incidence of this disease with advancing age.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Center, Little Rock, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mrak
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rovnaghi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kozlowska
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Van Eldik
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger