title: Third-generation model for corticosteroid pharmacodynamics: roles of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and tyrosine aminotransferase mRNA in rat liver.
abstract: A third-generation pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was proposed for receptor/gene-mediated corticosteroid effects. The roles of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in hepatic GR down-regulation and the mRNA for hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) induction by methylprednisolone (MPL) were examined. Male adrenalectomized Wistar rats received 50 mg/kg MPL iv. Blood and liver samples were collected at various time points for a period of 18 hr. Plasma concentrations of MPL, free hepatic cytosolic GR densities, GR mRNA, TAT mRNA, and TAT activities in liver were determined. Plasma MPL profile was biexponential with a terminal t1/2 of 0.57 hr. Free hepatic GR density rapidly disappeared from cytoplasm after the MPL dose and then slowly returned to about 60% of starting level after 16 hr. Meanwhile, GR mRNA level fell to 45% of baseline within 2 hr postdosing, and remained at that level for at least 18 hr. The GR down-regulation of GR mRNA and protein turnover rate were modeled. The TAT mRNA began to increase at about 2 hr, reached a maximum at about 5 hr, and declined to baseline by 14 hr. TAT induction followed a similar pattern, except the induction was delayed about 0.5 hr. Pharmacodynamic parameters were obtained by fitting seven differential equations in a piecewise fashion. The cascade of corticosteroid steps were modeled by a series of inductions for steroid-receptor-DNA complex, two intermediate transit compartments, TAT mRNA, and TAT activity. Results indicate that GR mRNA and TAT mRNA are major controlling factors for the receptor/gene-mediated effects of corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260, USA.
authors.forename: Z X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: DuBois
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Almon
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jusko
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014444:Tyrosine Transaminase / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D014444:Tyrosine Transaminase; D008775:Methylprednisolone