title: High dissociation constants (pKa) of basic permeants are associated with in vivo skin irritation in man.
abstract: Previously, we have investigated the relationship between dissociation constant (pKa) and skin irritation potential. In the present experiment, 12 basic compounds, with varying pKa values ranging from 1.4 to 11.2, were applied on the backs of 12 healthy adult panellists. Cutaneous reactions were measured objectively, using reflectance spectroscopy and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and evaluated subjectively with a modified Draize scale. A positive correlation between increasing pKa and skin irritation capacity, measured either visually or by reflectance spectroscopy, was found, but only mecamylamine (pKa = 11.2) induced a significant increase in transepidermal water loss. Compounds with low pKa also induced a paradoxical vasoconstriction measured by reflectance spectroscopy. Only high pKa appeared predictive of in vivo skin irritation, and these chemicals apparently induce skin irritation with only minimal disruption of the skin barrier. A simple 1-variable model is predictive of skin irritation for this series of organic permeants with increasing pKa.
authors.affiliation: Glaxo Canada, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nangia
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D007509:Irritants