title: Faster femoral artery blood velocity kinetics at the onset of exercise following short-term training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hypothesis that the adaptation to endurance exercise training included a faster increase in blood flow at the onset of exercise was tested in 12 healthy young men who endurance-trained (ET) 2 h/day, for 10 days at 65% VO2 peak on a cycle ergometer, and in 11 non-training control (C) subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood flow was estimated from changes in femoral artery mean blood velocity (MBV) by pulsed Doppler. Beat-by-beat changes in cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were obtained by impedance cardiography and a Finapres finger cuff, respectively. MBV, MAP and CO were measured at rest and during 5 min of dynamic knee extension exercise. Both legs worked alternately with 2 s raising and lowering a weight (15% maximal voluntary contraction) followed by 2 s rest while the other leg raised and lowered the weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ET group the time to 63% (T63%) of the approximately exponential increase in MBV following 10 days of training (8.6 +/- 1.2 s, mean +/- s.e.) was significantly faster than the Day 0 response (14.2 +/- 2.1 s, P < 0.05). The T63% of femoral artery vascular conductance (VCfa) was also faster following 10 days of ET (9.4 +/- 0.9 s) versus Day 0 (16.0 +/- 2.5 s) (0.05). There was no change in the T63% of both MBV and VCfa for the C group. The kinetics of CO were not significantly affected by ET, but the amplitude of CO in the adaptive phase, and at steady state, were significantly greater (P < 0.05) at Day 10 compared to Day 0 for the ET group with no change in the C group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data supported the hypothesis that endurance training resulted in faster adaptation of blood flow to exercising muscle, and further showed that this response occurred early in the training program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hughson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology