title: Long-term behavioral sequelae of prematurity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Longitudinal evaluation of the competence and the prevalence of behavior problems in preterm children with serious neonatal complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective follow-up of nonhandicapped preterm children who had been hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (n = 177). The follow-up extended from early school age to early adolescence and was conducted with the help of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (parent form).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preterm children had lower scores on the Social and School Competence scales than did controls (n = 276). They also were more likely to attend special schools than were children in the general population. With regard to behavior problems, the preterm children had more social problems. The very preterm children and the children who were small for gestational age (SGA) were the ones who contributed to the significant findings. The children who were appropriate for gestational age did not differ from controls. No differential changes in CBCL ratings were found between the preterm and control children. The stability with regard to internalizing problems, attention problems, and social problems was high among the very preterm children and SGA children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Very preterm and preterm SGA children are at increased risk of problems in social functioning and functioning at school. These problems persist with age.
authors.affiliation: Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Hospital/Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Schothorst
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Engeland
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012951:Socialization