title: Quality improvement in gastrointestinal endoscopy: microbiologic surveillance of disinfection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cleaning and disinfection procedures play an essential role in the prevention of infection transmission in gastrointestinal endoscopy. In spite of published detailed guidelines, several variants and weak points still exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cleaning-disinfection procedures were carried out according to "Working Party, Sydney 1990." A microbiologic surveillance protocol tested the contamination of endoscopes and of automatic washing machines. To assess and improve the efficacy of disinfection, we adopted a quality assurance program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 2-year follow-up, the outside surfaces of gastroscopes were contaminated in 60.5% and channels in 41.3%; the outside areas of colonoscopes were contaminated in 62.3% and channels in 40.3%. Isolated bacteria were gram-negative organisms, particularly Pseudomonas species, and gram-positive organisms, mostly Staphylococcus species. The water reservoirs of automatic washing machines were frequently contaminated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The disinfection of washing machines and alcohol rinsing of endoscopes after standard procedures significantly reduced the bacterial contamination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microbiologic surveillance pointed out the main weak points that could be improved by the adoption of corrective interventions. Quality assurance is a feasible method to assess the efficacy of cleaning-disinfection, and its wide application would improve quality of care.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Azienda Ospedaliera di Ferrara Arcispedale S. Anna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merighi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Contato
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scagliarini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mirolo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tampieri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pazzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gullini
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000592:standards*; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011786:Quality Control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*