title: Arginine 75 in the pseudosubstrate sequence of type Ibeta cGMP-dependent protein kinase is critical for autoinhibition, although autophosphorylated serine 63 is outside this sequence.
abstract: Autoinhibitory domains in many protein kinases include either a phosphorylatable substrate-like sequence or a pseudosubstrate sequence. This study shows that Ibeta cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) autophosphorylates Ser-63, which is in an atypical cGK substrate sequence (-59AQKQAS-) that is amino-terminal to the pseudosubstrate motif (-74KRQAI-). cGMP increases the rate of autophosphorylation (approximately 0.8 phosphate/cGK monomer) approximately 3-fold. Autophosphorylation is an intramolecular process since it is independent of cGK concentration. cGMP activation of cGK enhances proteolysis within and near the pseudosubstrate site; treatment of dimeric cGK with three proteases produces three cGK monomers (approximately 67-70 kDa each). Their amino-terminal sequences are 75RQAISAEPT-, 76QAISAEPTAF-, and 86DIQDLSXV-, respectively. cGMP stimulates these kinases by 10-, 2.5-, and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared with a 10-fold effect on intact cGK. Increased basal activity accounts for the diminished stimulation. Thus, the primary autophosphorylation site of Ibeta cGK is well outside the pseudosubstrate site, but Arg-75 in the pseudosubstrate site is critical for autoinhibition. Autoinhibition also involves elements that are carboxyl-terminal to Arg-75.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Colbran
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Corbin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D010768:Phosphoserine; D001120:Arginine; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D006152:Cyclic GMP