title: Treatment of prostate cancer using external beam radiotherapy after laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of prostatic irradiation in men with clinically localized prostate cancer and no laparoscopic evidence of nodal metastases compared with a cohort of patients who received radiation therapy with no prior surgical staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one men with clinically localized prostate cancer and no evidence of pelvic nodal metastases after laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection received external beam radiation therapy to the prostate (65-70 Gy). The mean and median prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in these men before treatment were 41.6 ng/mL and 28.0 ng/mL, respectively, and the mean Gleason sum was 6.1 (range 3-7). During the same interval, a group of 42 consecutive men with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated by external beam radiation therapy with no laparoscopic staging of the pelvic nodes. Treatment failure was defined by the development of bone metastases or a rising PSA level at least 6 months after the completion of radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiation therapy was generally well tolerated after laparoscopy and no patient required hospitalization or surgery for side-effects related to the treatment. The median duration of follow-up in the 31 men who underwent laparoscopy was 21.5 months. The probability of treatment failure in this group was 41.8% and 56.3% with 24 and 30 months follow-up, respectively. When controlling for pre-treatment PSA level, grade and stage, there was no significant difference in the treatment failure rate between the groups treated with and without laparoscopic staging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that there is no difference in treatment outcome with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy before external beam radiation therapy in high-risk patients who have significant pre-treatment elevations of PSA level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Bales
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gornik
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Haraf
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Chodak
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rukstalis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure