title: Orthopedic conditions of small ruminants. Llama, sheep, goat, and deer.
abstract: Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the foot, infectious arthritis, angular limb deformities, patellar luxation, tendon contracture and injuries, and fractures encountered in sheep, goats, llamas, and deer are reviewed. These species share similar orthopedic problems to cattle, but management conditions, particularly for pet animals, may place special demands on the veterinarian treating these disease conditions. The mild temperament and relatively small body size of these animals make them excellent candidates for treatment of orthopedic problems often not amenable to practical treatment in larger or more fractious animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kaneps
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D002161:Camelids, New World; D003670:Deer; D005260:Female; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006041:Goats; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012418:Ruminants; D012756:Sheep