title: Advantage of Inoue balloon catheter in mitral balloon valvotomy: experience with 220 consecutive patients.
abstract: Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy (PMV) using the Inoue balloon catheter was attempted in 220 consecutive patients with severe symptomatic mitral stenosis. Their age range was 10-63 mean 30 +/- 10 years; 161 patients were females and 59 were males; 29 patients were in atrial fibrillation. Eleven patients were pregnant; 14 patients underwent previous surgical commissurotomy. The procedure was technically successfully performed in 215 (97.7%) patients. The mean fluoroscopy time was 15.5 +/- 6.4 min and mean procedure time was 109 +/- 79 min. Optimal results (group I) was achieved in 207 patients who have mitral score of 7 +/- 1. PMV resulted in decrease in left atrial pressure from 23 +/- 5 to 14 +/- 4 mm Hg (P < 0.001), the mean mitral valve gradient (MVG) decreased from 15 +/- 4 to 6 +/- 3 mm Hg (P < 0.001). The mitral valve area (MVA) by catheter increased from 0.7 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.5 cm2 (P < 0.001) and MVA as determined by echocardiography (2DE) increased from 0.8 +/- 0.1 to 1.9 +/- 0.3 cm2 (P < 0.001). The results were suboptimal in eight patients who have a mitral score of 10 +/- 1 (group II) MVA by catheter increased from 0.7 +/- 0.2 to 1 +/- 0.1 cm2 and Doppler MVA increased from 0.8 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.1 cm2. There were no deaths or thromboembolism. Two patients developed cardiac tamponade; mild mitral regurgitation (MR) developed in 24 patients (11%) and increased by one grade in another 22 patients (10%). Severe MR was encountered in three patients (1.4%). A small ASD (QP/QS < or = 1.3) was detected by oximetry in 5% of patients and by color-flow mapping in 26% of patients. One hundred fifty-eight patients from group I were followed up, for a mean of 32 +/- 12 months; MVA remained at 1.7 +/- 0.4 cm2. Seven patients developed mitral restenosis in group I, and 5 out of 8 patients developed restenosis in group II. We conclude that the hemodynamic results are good and comparable with those reported with double balloon technique. However, the Inoue balloon has several advantages over the double balloon technique: (1) low incidence of mitral regurgitation and ASDs; (2) shorter procedure and fluoroscopy time; and (3) low complication rates and the valve anatomy affects the immediate and late outcome of mitral balloon valvotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fawzy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mimish
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sivanandam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lingamanaicker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: al-Amri
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D021721:Balloon Occlusion; D002305:Cardiac Tamponade / Q000209:etiology; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors