title: Autonomic neuropathy predicts the development of stroke in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to determine the predictive factors for stroke in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 133 patients with NIDDM at the time of diagnosis and 5 and 10 years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of new fatal or nonfatal strokes was 19 (14.7%; 14 after 5-year examination). High initial fasting blood glucose (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.4) and the use of beta-blocking agents (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.1 to 21.5) at baseline and the presence of parasympathetic neuropathy (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 29.9), or sympathetic autonomic nervous dysfunction (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.2), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 31.0), or use of beta-blocking agents (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 31.2), and high fasting plasma glucose (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.5) determined at 5-year examination predicted the development of stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autonomic neuropathy is an independent risk factor for stroke in NIDDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. jtoyry@messi.uku.fi
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Töyry
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Niskanen
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Länsimies
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Partanen
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001824:Body Constitution / Q000502:physiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol