title: A longitudinal investigation of duration and temporal variability in children's speech production.
abstract: A number of cross-sectional, acoustic studies have found that young children's speech segments tend to be longer and more variable than those of older children and adults. However, very little longitudinal information of this nature is available that considers changes across time for individual children. The present investigation is a longitudinal analysis of several temporal characteristics of the speech of 12 children of various ages who were each seen twice, approximately 1 1/2 years apart. For the group, durations decreased on average from the initial to the follow-up recordings by approximately 10%, and temporal variability decreased by about 40%. For the individual children, however, it was found that some of them showed few, if any, changes in some of the temporal measurements made at the two different times, whereas others showed substantial differences. Younger children also did not necessarily show longer durations or greater variability than older children, nor did younger children always show greater changes across time than older children. Thus, although cross-sectional studies indicate that there is a general tendency when comparing groups for increased age to be associated with shorter durations and reduced variability, individual children may not evidence such patterns or changes across time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3570, USA. bsmith@casbah.acns.nwu.edu
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002663:Child Language; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D013060:Speech; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013997:Time Factors