title: Cartilaginous endplate in cervical disc herniation.
abstract: METHODS
  Cervical herniated disc tissue obtained at surgery for myelopathy and intervertebral discs from autopsy cases were examined histologically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the characteristic histology of cervical disc herniation and the processes by which herniated masses are produced.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Except for nucleus pulposus or anulus fibrosus, no other disc tissue has been described histologically in the cervical spine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one herniated cervical discs from 20 surgical cases (patients aged 37-68 years) and mid-sagittal slabs of 135 cervical discs from 41 autopsy cases (aged 20-85 years) were examined histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the surgical specimens had cartilaginous endplate fragments together with nucleus pulposus or anulus fibrosus. Of the autopsy disc specimens, 61% had a horizontal cleft longer than two thirds of the anteroposterior diameter of the disc, and 49% had one or more vertical clefts extending to the cartilaginous endplate. Thirty-three percent showed separation of the cartilaginous endplate, and 15% had a herniated mass including parts of the cartilaginous endplate. These abnormal features increased with aging. The same order of decreasing frequency from horizontal cleft formation through herniation was observed in all decades.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cartilaginous endplate-type of herniation is the predominant type of herniation in the cervical spine. It results from horizontal and vertical cleft formations of the disc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokubun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged