title: Non-proline-dependent protein kinases phosphorylate several sites found in tau from Alzheimer disease brain.
abstract: Of 21 phosphorylation sites identified in PHF-tau 11 are on ser/thr-X motifs and are probably phosphorylated by non-proline-dependent protein kinases (non-PDPKs). The identities of the non-PDPKs and how they interact to hyperphosphorylate PHF-tau are still unclear. In a previous study we have shown that the rate of phosphorylation of human tau 39 by a PDPK (GSK-3) was increased several fold if tau were first prephosphorylated by non-PDPKs (Singh et al., FEBS Lett 358: 267-272, 1995). In this study we have examined how the specificity of a non-PDPK for different sites on human tau 39 is modulated when tau is prephosphorylated by other non-PDPKs (A-kinase, C-kinase, CK-1, CaM kinase II) as well as a PDPK (GSK-3). We found that the rate of phosphorylation of tau 39 by a non-PDPK can be stimulated if tau were first prephosphorylated by other non-PDPKs. Of the four non-PDPKs only CK-1 can phosphorylate sites (thr 231, ser 396, ser 404) known to be present in PHF-tau. Further, these sites were phosphorylated more rapidly and to a greater extent by CK-1 if tau 39 were first prephosphorylated by A-kinase, CaM kinase II or GSK-3. These results suggest that the site specificities of the non-PDPKs that participate in PHF-tau hyperphosphorylation can be modulated at the substrate level by the phosphorylation state of tau.
authors.affiliation: New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York 10314, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grundke-Iqbal
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000939:Epitopes / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007700:Kinetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011392:Proline; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D016875:tau Proteins; D011392:Proline; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases