title: [Phase I study of bicalutamide (Casodex), a nonsteroidal antiandrogen in patients with prostatic cancer].
abstract: A phase I study (open trial) of bicalutamide (Casodex), a non-steroidal antiandrogen, was conducted on 16 patients with prostatic cancer (stage C to D). The patients were given 10, 30, 50, 80 or 100 mg of bicalutamide orally daily for 12 weeks. Adverse reactions were observed in 8 out of 16 patients, but almost all were mild. Breast pain, gynecomastia and hot flushes were observed in 6 patients. Adverse reactions regarding liver function tests were observed in 3 patients. These were increased glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaliphosphatase (AL-P) or gamma guanosine 5'-triphosphate (gamma-GTP). However, during or after the treatment period the elevated values were reversed to the pretreatment level. In terms of efficacy, anti-tumor effect was observed in 1 or 2 patients at each dose. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and estradiol increased during treatment. Plasma concentrations of the R (-) enantiomer, which has antiandrogenic activity, reached the steady state 6-8 weeks after the initiation of treatment; its apparent plasma elimination half-life observed following repeated administration was 8.4 +/- 1.1 days. In conclusion, bicalutamide (10-100 mg od) is considered to be tolerated well enough to be administered to patients with prostatic cancer and has shown evidence of anti-tumor effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isaka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanetake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukagoshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaza
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koiso
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niitani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000813:Anilides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014105:Tosyl Compounds
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000813:Anilides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C053541:bicalutamide