title: Primary antiphospholipid syndrome presenting as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Treatment with thromboendarterectomy.
abstract: Pulmonary hypertension may occur in the antiphospholipid syndrome as a result of recurrent pulmonary embolism or microthrombosis of pulmonary vessels. We describe 3 cases of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and cor pulmonale that fulfilled the criteria for chronic major vessel thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy was performed in all 3 patients and it was successful in 2. One patient died in the immediate postoperative period from hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension should be added to the list of pulmonary vascular complications of primary APS. Despite its risk, pulmonary thromboendarterectomy represents a treatment option for this otherwise lethal condition.
authors.affiliation: Cardiopulmonary Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Tlalpan, Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Amigo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barragan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Izaguirre
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martinez-Guerra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palomar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia-Torres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004691:Endarterectomy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging