title: Serum neutralizing antibody response and protection against experimentally induced liver abscesses in steers vaccinated with Fusobacterium necrophorum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of leukotoxin-based Fusobacterium necrophorum vaccines and dietary tylosin in providing protection against experimentally induced hepatic abscesses in steers.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 steers assigned randomly to 6 treatment groups of 5 steers each: 1, phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS; control); 2, PBSS control, fed tylosin (100 mg/steer) daily; 3, inactivated whole-cell culture with oil emulsion adjuvant; 4, culture supernatant (crude toxoid) with oil emulsion adjuvant; 5, semipurified leukotoxoid with oil emulsion adjuvant; and 6, semipurified leukotoxoid with saponin adjuvant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Steers were inoculated SC with emulsified antigen or PBSS on days 0 and 21. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals to monitor serum antileukotoxin antibody titer. On day 42, all steers were challenge exposed intraportally with F necrophorum culture. Three weeks later (day 63), steers were euthanatized and necropsied to examine liver and assess protection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antileukotoxin antibody titers of all vaccinated groups markedly increased from baseline values, and mean titers of vaccinated groups were higher than those of the control and tylosin-treated groups. Steers vaccinated with culture supernatant with oil emulsion adjuvant or semipurified leukotoxoid with saponin adjuvant had the highest mean antibody titers. All 5 steers in the control group developed liver abscesses. Tylosin feeding did not protect steers challenge exposed with F necrophorum intraportally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culture supernatant was more protective than whole-cell culture or semipurified leukotoxin against experimentally induced hepatic abscesses. Partial purification of leukotoxin appeared to reduce its protective immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saginala
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: Z L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lechtenberg
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chengappa
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hine
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D005674:Fusobacterium Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005675:Fusobacterium necrophorum; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009919:Orchiectomy; D015645:Tylosin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D005098:Exotoxins; C018579:leukotoxin; D015645:Tylosin