title: Pathology of the rectal wall in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and complete rectal prolapse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aetiology and pathology of rectal prolapse and solitary rectal ulcer are poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the full thickness rectal wall in these two conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pathological abnormalities in the surgically resected rectal wall were studied from nine patients with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, 11 complete rectal prolapse, and nine cancer controls. Routine haematoxylin and eosin and Van Gieson staining for collagen were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rectal wall from solitary rectal ulcer syndrome specimens was thickened compared with complete rectal prolapse and controls. The major difference was in the muscularis propria (2.2 v 1.1 v 1.2 mm, medians, p < 0.005) and particularly the inner circular muscular layer, and to a lesser extent the submucosal and outer longitudinal muscular layers. Some solitary rectal ulcer syndrome specimens showed unique features such as decussation of the two muscular layers (four of nine), nodular induration of inner circular layer (four of nine) and grouping of outer longitudinal layer into bundles (three of nine); these were not seen in complete rectal prolapse or control specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These features, which resemble the features of high pressure sphincter tissue, may be of aetiological importance, and suggest a different pathogenesis for these two disorders. Excess collagen was seen in both disorders, was more severe in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome specimens, and probably reflects a response to repeated trauma.
authors.affiliation: St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamm
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Talbot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology*; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000473:pathology; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014456:Ulcer / Q000473:pathology