title: Pharmacokinetics of diminazene in plasma and lymph of goats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the pharmacokinetics of diminazene in plasma and pseudo-afferent lymph of East Africa X Galla goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efferent prescapular lymphatic duct of 3 goats was cannulated 8 weeks after surgical removal of the lymph node. Thereafter, 3.5 mg of diminazene base/ kg of body weight was administered to these goats and to 3 noncannulated goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using high-performance liquid chromatography, concentration of diminazene was determined in plasma and lymph collected up to 96 hours after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal concentrations of diminazene in plasma of noncannulated goats (median [range], 4.30 [4.28 to 5.01] micrograms/ml), plasma of cannulated goats (3.94 [2.94 to 4.06] micrograms/ml), and lymph (1.06¿0.73 to 1.86] micrograms/ml) were significantly different (P < 0.05); values in lymph were considerably lower than those in plasma from noncannulated and cannulated animals. Time to reach maximal concentration did not differ significantly between lymph and plasma of noncannulated and cannulated goats. Over the first 24 hours after drug administration, concentration of diminazene in plasma of noncannulated goats was generally higher than that in lymph, but thereafter was similar. Apparent volume of distribution of diminazene in the plasma of noncannulated (2.57 [1.93 to 2.60] L/kg) and cannulated (2.30 [1.04 to 2.40] L/kg goats did not differ significantly. Penetration ratio of diminazene into lymph, compared with plasma, of cannulated goats was 1.69:1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disposition of diminazene in goats is characterized by higher concentration in plasma than in lymph. However, the drug persists longer in lymph than in plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The longer persistence of diminazene in lymph than in plasma may account for the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of diminazene in the early stage, compared with later stages, of a tsetse fly-transmitted trypanosome infection.
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamman
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McKeever
authors.forename: Y O
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Aliu
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Peregrine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D004133:Diminazene / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D006041:Goats / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008196:Lymph / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014345:Trypanosoma; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; D004133:Diminazene