Incidence and spectrum of renal abnormalities in Williams-Beuren syndrome.
Kidneys and urinary tract were examined systematically by ultrasonography in 130 patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome (59 females, median age 5.5 years; 71 males, median age 6.4 years). In addition, serum creatinine was determined and an analysis was performed. Creatinine clearance was available in 79 patients. Renal angiographic examinations were done in 18 patients, 8 of whom had renal artery narrowing (44%). The incidence of renal anomalies in Williams-Beuren syndrome was 17.7% vs. around 1.5% in the normal population (P < 0.0003). The spectrum of these anomalies ranged from minor anomalies such as bladder diverticula to more severe malformations such as renal aplasia or hypoplasia (in 5 of 130 patients). In nine patients a duplicated kidney was found. A decreased creatinine clearance (two patients), recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infections (four patients), and hypertension were uncommon. Nephrocalcinosis was not found in our patients. Our data demonstrate that the risk of a structural abnormality of the kidneys and the urinary tract is increased 12- to 36-fold in Williams-Beuren syndrome compared to the normal population. Ultrasound screening of the renal system should be part of the first evaluation of WBS patients.
Pankau
R
R
Department of Pediatrics, University of Kiel, Germany.
Partsch
C J
CJ
Winter
M
M
Gosch
A
A
Wessel
A
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000002:abnormalities; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000002:abnormalities; D018980:Williams Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*