title: Effects of slowly performed daytime hemodialysis (slow HD) on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in hemodynamically unstable patients with renal failure.
abstract: Effects of slowly performed daytime hemodialysis (slow HD) using a high-flux hemodialyzer on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin were determined in 5 critically ill patients with renal failure. Following intravenous administration of 0.5 g of vancomycin, concentrations in the serum and dialysate were monitored. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated after fitting individual concentration-time curves to a two-compartment model. The volume of distribution at steady state was 0.58 +/- 0.12 liters/kg. Total body clearance was 37.46 +/- 3.20 ml/min with an elimination phase half-life of 8.72 +/- 0.99 h. Slow HD clearance was 20.19 +/- 2.30 ml/min. During a 10-hour session of slow HD, the serum vancomycin concentration decreased from 44.2 +/- 3.8 to 10.0 +/- 5.0 mg/l and 30.10 +/- 5.34% of the dose was eliminated. Dialyzer clearance of this drug and urea was 18.71 +/- 1.40 and 28.77 +/- 1.77 ml/min, respectively. Slow HD may effectively eliminate vancomycin by a diffusive mechanism and this elimination should be taken into consideration for designing the dosage schedule during the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yabana
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014640:Vancomycin