title: Intracorporeal lithotripsy with the holmium:YAG laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preliminary evaluations of the holmium:YAG laser have demonstrated a variety of potential urological applications, including ablation of soft tissue lesions as well as stone fragmentation. We present our experience with the holmium:YAG laser for intracorporeal lithotripsy of urinary calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 24-month period 75 patients underwent 79 laser procedures, including retrograde ureteroscopy for ureteral calculi (71) and fragmentation of caliceal stones remote from the nephrostomy tract during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete stone fragmentation without need for additional procedures or lithotripsy was achieved in 85% of the cases. Treatment failures included 1 case of stone migration, 7 incomplete fragmentation requiring other lithotripsy devices and 3 laser malfunction. One ureteral perforation occurred when the laser was activated without direct visual guidance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The holmium:YAG laser has demonstrated its efficacy as a method of intracorporeal lithotripsy. Advantages include ability to fragment stones of all composition, and the multipurpose, multispecialty applications of the holmium wavelength. This laser has potential soft tissue effects, and careful attention to technique during lithotripsy is required to avoid ureteral wall injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Razvi
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Denstedt
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sales
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*