Upstream stimulators for recoding.
Recent progress in elucidation of 5' stimulatory elements for translational recoding is reviewed. A 5' Shine-Dalgarno sequence increases both +1 and -1 frameshift efficiency in several genes; examples cited include the E. coli prfB gene encoding release factor 2 and the dnaX gene encoding the gamma and tau subunits of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. The spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the shift site is critical in both the +1 and -1 frameshift cassettes; however, the optimal spacing is quite different in the two cases. A frameshift in a mammalian chromosomal gene, ornithine decarboxylase antizyme, has recently been reported; 5' sequences have been shown to be vital for this frameshift event. Escherichia coli bacteriophage T4 gene 60 encodes a subunit of its type II DNA topoisomerase. The mature gene 60 mRNA contains an internal 50 nucleotide region that appears to be bypassed during translation. A 16 amino acid domain of the nascent peptide is necessary for this bypass to occur.
Larsen
B
B
Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
Peden
J
J
Matsufuji
S
S
Matsufuji
T
T
Brady
K
K
Maldonado
R
R
Wills
N M
NM
Fayet
O
O
Atkins
J F
JF
Gesteland
R F
RF
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003062:Codon; D018965:Frameshifting, Ribosomal; D005815:Genetic Code; D008322:Mammals; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010443:Peptide Chain Termination, Translational; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics*
D003062:Codon; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal