title: Body shape ideals across gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, race, and age in personal advertisements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess body shape ideals across gender, sexual orientation, race, socio-economic status, and age,
  
  
  METHODS
  An analysis of personal advertisements was conducted across seven different publications which targeted the groups of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women advertised body weight much less often than men, and lesbians reported body shape descriptors significantly less often than heterosexual women. Gay men and African-American men described their body shape significantly more often than did other groups. However, their reported body mass indices (BMI) were significantly different-African-American men reported a higher BMI, and gay men a lower BMI, than Euro-American heterosexual men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Race and sexual orientation may influence the importance of size of body shape ideals for men. For women, however, their advertised weights conformed to the thin ideal across all groups surveyed. Gender roles affecting body shape ideals and mate attraction are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Epel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spanakos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasl-Godley
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Brownell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001828:Body Image; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044469:Racial Groups; D012723:Sex; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class