title: The effect of flow arrest on distal embolic events during arterial occlusion with detachable coils: a canine study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of proximal flow arrest on the frequency and timing of distal embolic events during occlusion of the common femoral artery with detachable coils.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three complex fibered platinum coils were delivered into 10 common femoral arteries without proximal flow arrest. The arteries were continuously monitored for flow and embolic events by Doppler sonography during delivery and for at least 10 minutes after delivery of each coil. Thirty-four coils were delivered into 6 arteries after proximal flow arrest by inflation of a nondetachable balloon. After balloon deflation, each artery was monitored by Doppler sonography for 10 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 10 arteries occluded without flow arrest, 87 events (8.7 per artery) occurred, of which 47 were embolic and 40 were indeterminate. In the 6 arteries with flow arrest, the number of emboli detected was 3 (0.5 per artery). Embolic events occurred only if there was residual flow. In those arteries that were occluded when the flow-arrest balloon was deflated, no emboli were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proximal flow arrest virtually eliminates the risk of distal emboli during arterial occlusion with detachable fibered coils. The use of fibered coils, in conjunction with proximal flow arrest, allows for safe arterial occlusion when detachable balloons are not available or their use is not feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Medical Center, Springfield, ILL, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Kesava
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rappe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004617:Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012307:Risk Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color