title: Protein kinase C activation is necessary but not sufficient for induction of long-term potentiation at the synapse of mossy fiber-CA3 in the rat hippocampus.
abstract: The involvement of protein kinase C in long-term potentiation was investigated in the mossy fiber-CA3 pathway in an in vitro slice preparation of rat hippocampus. Tetanic stimulation induced stable long-term potentiation in the mossy fiber-CA3 pathway which was not affected by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Long-term potentiation was not induced in the presence of a protein kinase C inhibitor, sphingosine. Application of 1 microM phorbol-12, 13-diacetate, an activator of protein kinase C, potentiated the synaptic response by about 400% and this potentiation was completely reversible upon washing. Sphingosine blocked the potentiation when it was applied before protein kinase C activation by phorbol-12, 13-diacetate. However, sphingosine had no effect on the potentiation when it was applied after the synaptic response was potentiated to a plateau following phorbol-12,13-diacetate perfusion. Long-term potentiation and phorbol ester-induced potentiation were not additive when phorbol-12,13-diacetate was applied after induction of long-term potentiation, suggesting that long-term potentiation and phorbol-12, 13-diacetate activate the same protein kinase C pool. The enhanced response caused by phorbol-12,13-diacetate returned to the long-term potentiation level after wash-out of phorbol-12,13-diacetate. Thus the cellular changes underlying long-term potentiation are long-lasting or permanent, while those caused by phorbol-12,13-diacetate are not. However, if tetanic stimulation was induced during prolonged phorbol-12,13-diacetate application (1 h), a potentiation similar in amplitude to long-term potentiation was induced but the population response returned to the control pre-long-term potentiation level after 2 h of washing. The potentiation following tetanic stimulation during prolonged application of phorbol-12,13-diacetate was blocked in the presence of D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. Thus, in the presence of phorbol esters the N-methyl-D-aspartate-independent long-term potentiation is occluded but a transient potentiation appears, presumably due to hyperexcitability and activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in recurrent pathways of area CA3. Normal N-methyl-D-aspartate-independent long-term potentiation could be induced after the 2 h washout period and now was maintained. In conclusion, protein kinase C activation is essential but not sufficient for long-term potentiation in the mossy fiber-CA3 pathway and when stimulated by application of phorbol esters produces a large and reversible synaptic potentiation. These investigations show that long-term potentiation in CA3 is a complex event involving several steps, and that activation of protein kinase C is only one of them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany 12201-0509, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013569:Synapses / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013110:Sphingosine