title: Phase II trial of intravenous flourouracil and subcutaneous interferon alfa-2b for biliary tract cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of systemic intravenous-fluorouracil (5-FU) and subcutaneous recombinant human interferon alfa-2b (rIFN alpha-2b) in patients with measurable cancer of the biliary tree.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients (25 with cholangiocarcinoma and 10 with gallbladder carcinoma) were registered onto this phase II protocol between 1992 and 1995. Patients received a continuous infusion of 750 mg/m2/d of 5-FU on days 1 through 5 through a centrally placed venous catheter and a subcutaneous injection of 5 MU/m2 of rIFN alpha-2b on days 1, 3, and 5. Treatment cycles were repeated every 14 days; one course of therapy included four treatment cycles. Disease status was assessed every 8 weeks. Dosages were lowered for grade III mucositis. Fourteen patients had prior treatment and, before initiating this therapy, 17 patients required decompression of the biliary tree.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of 32 (34%) assessable patients had a partial response. The median time to disease progression was 9.5 months, and the median survival time 12 months. Grade III to IV toxic effects were granulocytopenia (14%), mucositis (20%), diarrhea (9%), and dermatitis (11%). Grade III to IV asthenia and fatigue were observed in 6% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug tolerance was better among previously untreated patients. To achieve a complete response, additional chemotherapy or radiotherapy should be considered when liver resection or transplantation is not feasible. However, if these results can be reproduced by other investigators, the regimen should be studied for adjuvant treatment of gallbladder carcinoma incidentally identified in patients undergoing cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Patt
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoque
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raijman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charnsangavej
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005472:Fluorouracil