title: Attempt to pharmacologically modulate procoagulant activity of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated adherent bovine alveolar macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on lipopolysaccharide-induced procoagulant activity of bovine alveolar macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Procoagulant activity was induced in bovine alveolar macrophages from 4 healthy Holstein calves aged 6 to 16 weeks by incubation with lipopolysaccharide. 3 anti-inflammatory drugs were used at 4 concentrations and 3 times to pretreat the alveolar macrophages. Results were analyzed to determine whether drug, concentration, or exposure period had a significant (P > 0.05) effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine alveolar macrophages, harvested by volume-controlled bronchoalveolar lavage, were pretreated for 30, 60, or 120 minutes with an anti-inflammatory compound (dexamethasone, flunixin meglumine, or phenylbutazone) at several concentrations ( 0, 1, 10, and 100 microM). Bovine alveolar macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli O55:B5) in the presence and absence of fetal bovine serum for 4 hours. Procoagulant activity was measured, using a chromogenic assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the drugs was associated with a modification of procoagulant activity expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of these 3 anti-inflammatory drugs is unlikely to modify the extent of the fibrinous reaction commonly observed in cases of acute bovine respiratory tract disease complex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alveolar macrophage has a key role in fibrin production. Assuming in vivo events mimic the in vitro model, is appears unlikely that administration of anti-inflammatory drugs will reduce the procoagulant activity of the bovine alveolar macrophages and the directly associated pulmonary fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901-1071, USA.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Olchowy
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Bochsler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003002:Clonixin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010653:Phenylbutazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003907:Dexamethasone; C014558:flunixin meglumine; D010653:Phenylbutazone; D003002:Clonixin