title: Urologic problems in anorectal malformations. Part 1: Urodynamic findings and significance of sacral anomalies.
abstract: A series of 90 children with anorectal malformations received a total of 163 urodynamic studies. The mean number of studies per patient was 1.8 (range, 1 to 7), and the mean age at the time of initial evaluation was 17 months (range, 1 to 128). Sacral anomalies were found in 38 children (42%); 30 of them had partial sacral agenesis and eight had sacral dysplasia without bony defect. Normal lower urinary tract function was found in 98% of the children who had a normal sacrum, in all children who had sacral dysplasia, and in a small number of those who had partial sacral agenesis that affected smaller parts of the S-4 and S-5 pedicles. Severe lower urinary tract dysfunction was observed in 22 patients (24%), all but one of whom had partial sacral agenesis. There was no correlation between the type of sacral agenesis and a specific urodynamic pattern. It is concluded that virtually all children with an anorectal malformation and associated sacral agenesis have neurological bladder-sphincter dysfunction and therefore should receive early urodynamic assessment and appropriate urological treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Hospital for Children and Youth, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Boemers
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Beek
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: van Gool
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bax
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012447:Sacrum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics