title: Retinal haemodynamics in patients with early diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The retinal circulation was investigated in a group of 19 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with less than 4 years of disease duration and no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Results of these patients were compared with those of 16 age-matched normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Venous diameter (D) was measured from monochromatic fundus photographs. Maximum erythrocyte velocity (Vmax) was assessed by bidirectional laser Doppler velocimetry in the major retinal veins of one eye of each subject. Total volumetric blood flow rate (QT) was calculated by adding the flow rates of the major retinal veins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average QT was 12% larger than normal in diabetic patients (one tailed, non-paired Student's t test, p < 0.05). A statistically significant correlation was observed between QT and disease duration (r = 0.35, p < 0.04). Patients with longer disease duration tended to have somewhat larger QT. The average retinal vascular regulatory responses to hyperoxia were not significantly different from normal in diabetic patients. In these patients, however, higher blood glucose levels were associated with decreased regulatory responses to hyperoxia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with diabetes mellitus of relatively short duration have mildly increased QT, suggesting that increased blood flow may play an early role in the development of diabetic retinal microangiopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Grunwald
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DuPont
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Riva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*