title: An investigation of potential time effects in retrospective reports of cocaine relapses.
abstract: Retrospective reports are widely used in social science research, such as studies of the relapse process. There is evidence, however, that such reports can be affected by a number of factors, including the passage of time. The goal of this study was to determine whether retrospective reports of cocaine relapses were influenced by the amount of time that had elapsed between the onset of the relapse and when the relapse interview was administered. A structured cocaine relapse interview was used to gather information on experiences prior to relapse and attributions for relapse. Evidence of linear and/or nonlinear time effects was found in two of the six subscales assessing experiences prior to relapse (Social Pressure to Use Drugs and Sensation Seeking), and there was evidence of logarithmic time effects in four of the six subscales that assessed attributions for relapses. These findings indicate that the amount of time between the onset of a relapse and when the subject is interviewed can influence reports of experiences prior to relapse and attributions for relapse. However, the magnitude of the time effects was generally small.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Alterman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine