title: Assessing declarative memory in schizophrenia using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test stimuli: the Paired Associate Recognition Test.
abstract: The Paired Associate Recognition Test (PART) was developed to measure declarative memory using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) stimuli, so that both tasks could be administered during functional neuroimaging to differentiate memory and executive function, and associated frontal and temporal lobe activation in schizophrenia. The current study was designed to compare PART and WCST performance in schizophrenic patients and to examine effects of medication and symptomatology. The PART, WCST, and standard declarative memory tasks were administered to 30 chronic schizophrenic patients and 30 matched healthy control subjects. Supporting task validity was the finding that patients were equally impaired on the PART and the WCST. Neuroleptics did not appear to affect performance. The effect of anticholinergic medication correlated negatively with WCST performance in a small subsample. Severity of schizophrenia-specific symptoms measured at intake on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale correlated negatively with performance on the WCST. These results support the application of the PART and WCST in future functional neuroimaging studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-4283, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ragland
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Censits
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Glahn
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gallacher
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents