title: In vitro biomechanical comparison of the strength of the linea alba of the llama, using two suture patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the strength of the sutured linea alba, in vitro, using 2 suture patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 clinically normal llamas.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 incisions in the linea alba of 12 llamas were closed with a simple continuous or inverted cruciate pattern, and tissue was harvested after 10 days. In 6 llamas the simple continuous line was intact; the inverted cruciate specimens contained 6 sutures. In 6 llamas, 1 knot was excised in the simple continuous pattern to simulate a failed line; the cruciate pattern contained 5 knots. Tissue sections were taken from cranial, between, and caudal to the linea alba incisions to compare fascial thickness. The sutured specimens were mounted in a mechanical testing system and tested to failure. A mixed-model ANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of suture pattern and incisional position on mechanical properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were not found between suture patterns or between location for yield force, failure force, or yield strain, whereas failure strain was lower for the intact simple continuous pattern than the inverted cruciate pattern (P = 0.003). From histomorphometric analysis, the caudal tissue specimens were significantly thinner than the middle tissue specimen cranial to the umbilicus (P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant difference in monotonic breaking strength of the linea alba sutured with the simple continuous or inverted cruciate pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results justify the use of the simple continuous pattern over the cruciate pattern for ventral midline closure in llamas because of the ease of placement and speed.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Hoogmoed
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stover
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McDuffee
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D013522:Surgery, Veterinary / Q000379:methods*; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*