title: Behavioural changes and children's memories after intravenous, inhalation and rectal induction of anaesthesia.
abstract: Ninety two-to-seven-year-old children admitted for routine day case ENT operations were randomly allocated to have either intravenous thiopentone (group I), halothane inhalation (group II) or rectal methohexitone (group III) for anaesthesia induction. Using a postoperative questionnaire, the parents evaluated the changes in the child's behaviour one day, one week and one month after the operation. Problematic changes were detected in 17 (59%) children in group I, 14 (50%) in group II and 17 (58%) in group III (NS). Although the children in group II behaved most calmly during the induction they had significantly more negative memories of the induction of anaesthesia (six children in group II vs two in group I and one in group III) and of the hospital in general (17 in group II vs 11 in group I and eight in group III) than children in the other groups. Judging from memories of young children, intravenous and rectal inductions are less distressing to them than inhalational induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kotiniemi
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Ryhänen
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D000774:Anesthesia, Rectal; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008723:Methohexital / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D013874:Thiopental / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008723:Methohexital; D013874:Thiopental; D006221:Halothane