Violent methods associated with high suicide mortality among the young.
OBJECTIVE
To present rates and trends in suicide methods, and associations between these, in male and female adolescents in the age groups 15 through 19 years and 20 through 24 years in Finland from 1947 through 1991.


METHODS
Suicide rates were calculated on the basis of the mean same-age population, and suicide trends by each method were analyzed by using the Poisson regression model. For the rates and trends, 95% confidence intervals based on the Poisson distribution were calculated.


RESULTS
The suicide rate revealed a sharp and significant increase between 1965 and 1975 for both male age groups. Firearms and hanging accounted for the majority of that increase. These figures, however, were not accompanied by similar changes in the availability of firearms during that period. Moreover, an increased total suicide rate as well as that by automobile exhaust fumes in young adults after 1982 coincided with a widely presented Finnish movie which featured this method of committing suicide. In young women, however, intake of solids and liquids remained the most common suicide method.


CONCLUSIONS
Suicide rates increased, especially by violent methods, which contributed to the high suicide mortality rate among the young. These methods, except firearms, however, are often difficult to restrict. This fact underlines the importance of the integration of various preventive measures of cooperation between mental health professionals and other authorities and of the recognition and care of young people at high suicide risk.
Ohberg
A
A
Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Lonnqvist
J
J
Sarna
S
S
Vuori
E
E
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*