title: Antisocial personality disorder: a biopsychosocial model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose an etiological model of antisocial personality disorder that is grounded in empirical data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recent research findings are reviewed that clarify our understanding of the etiology and course of antisocial pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither biological nor psychological factors fully account for the development of this disorder. Epidemiological studies show that there are strong cross-cultural differences in its prevalence, pointing to the importance of social factors in its etiology. Outcome research shows that antisocial personality only partially remits with time, and that most patients continue to be dysfunctional in later life. No treatment modality has been shown to be effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All these empirical findings can be accounted for by a biopsychosocial model of antisocial personality disorder.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, Sir Mortimer B Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paris
mesh_terms: D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010553:Personality Development; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment