title: The cost effectiveness of lipid lowering in Swedish primary health care. The CELL Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two types of advice (usual and intensive) to lower cardiovascular risk, with or without pharmacological medication aimed at lowering cholesterol levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study of 18 months' duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two primary health care centres in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 384 males, aged 30-59 years, with at least one cardiovascular risk factor in addition to moderate primary hyperlipidaemia; of these, 355 completed the 18-month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive advice consisted of group sessions led by a health care professional; the usual level of advice was given at follow-up visits. The pharmacological intervention consisted of pravastatin. The goal was to achieve a 15% reduction in cholesterol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost per life-year gained based on the change in serum cholesterol and the net intervention cost of the four treatment options.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The usual level of advice and intensive advice in combination with pharmacological treatment achieved no incremental effects and were not considered in the cost-effectiveness analysis. The cost per life-year gained of pharmacological treatment compared with intensive advice decreased. The cost per life-year gained of pharmacological treatment compared with no treatment was about $61,000, if no adverse consequences on noncardiovascular mortality were assumed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results of the CELL trial, intensive advice is not a cost-effective strategy compared with lipid-lowering drug treatment. However, it is also doubtful whether drug treatment as primary prevention is cost-effective compared with no treatment in the studied patient population.
authors.affiliation: Central for Health Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johannesson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borgquist
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lindholm
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013548:Sweden; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol