title: [Multiplane transesophageal echocardiography and adenosine in the study of coronary blood reserve].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary blood reserve is the capacity of coronary vessels to vasodilate and thereby to increase the blood flow, when the heart needs more energy. However, when a coronary stenosis occurs, the capacity to vasodilate is reduced or completely diminished. It is then necessary to use all the tools useful in evaluating the functional conditions of the coronary vessels. Above all, the intracoronary Doppler technique is used to measure the velocity of blood flow. Our purpose was to evaluate a non-invasive tool "Multiplane Transesophageal Echocardiography" in the study of velocity of the anterior descendent artery before and after adenosine infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  At first, we studied 28 patients (pts), which we divided in two groups: Group A, 18 pts 59.38 +/- 8.23 mean age, 15 M. and 3 F., with anterior descending disease; Group B 10 pts, 59.20 +/- 8.48 mean age, 7 M. and 3 F, without significant stenosis (> 75%). Echocardiography examinations were performed with a 5 MHz multiplane probe, connected to a 1000 Hewlett Parkard echocardiography. Before the test, Diazepam 1 mg i.v. and Lidocaine spray were administered to the patients. We introduced the transesophageal probe and after choosing the best position of the aortic short axis view, we studied the anterior descending artery and measured the maximum and mean diastolic and sistolic velocities (V.MAX D., V.MN.D., V.MAX S., V.MN.S.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transesophageal echocardiography allowed us to study the anterior descending artery in 95% of pts. There were no side effects, except for one pt affected by severe bradicardia. In Group B there was an increase of the diastolic and sistolic velocity after adenosine infusion, resulting twice greater they the rest values. The adenosine/rest velocities ratios were statistically significant (V.MAX D. p < 0.02) (V.MN.D. p < 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated an higher capacity of the Multiplane Transesophageal Echocardiography in studiing coronary blood reserve. We used adenosine, as a vasodilator drug, because of its short half-life and because it can be replatedly infused. The flow velocity values increased up to more than twice the rest values only in normal subjects.
authors.affiliation: Cardiologia, Ospedale S. Spirito, Roma.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coletta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Zingales
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richichi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carunchio
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ceci
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000241:Adenosine
vernacular_title: Impiego della metodica transesofagea omniplana con adenosina nello studio della riserva coronarica.