title: Prevalence of germ-line mutations in p16, p19ARF, and CDK4 in familial melanoma: analysis of a clinic-based population.
abstract: Five to ten percent of individuals with melanoma have another affected family member, suggesting familial predisposition. Germ-line mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p16 have been reported in a subset of melanoma pedigrees, but their prevalence is unknown in more common cases of familial melanoma that do not involve large families with multiple affected members. We screened for germ-line mutations in p16 and in two other candidate melanoma genes, p19ARF and CDK4, in 33 consecutive patients treated for melanoma; these patients had at least one affected first or second degree relative (28 independent families). Five independent, definitive p16 mutations were detected (18%, 95% confidence interval: 6%, 37%), including one nonsense, one disease-associated missense, and three small deletions. No mutations were detected in CDK4. Disease-associated mutations in p19ARF, whose transcript is derived in part from an alternative codon reading frame of p16, were only detected in patients who also had mutations inactivating p16. We conclude that germ-line p16 mutations are present in a significant fraction of individuals who have melanoma and a positive family history.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown 02129, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: FitzGerald
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Harkin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silva-Arrieta
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lucchina
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Unsal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Isselbacher
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sober
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Haber
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017354:Point Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D017931:DNA Primers; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases