title: Insertion of a double pigtail ureteral stent for the prevention of urological complications in renal transplantation: a prospective randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urologists successfully use ureteral stents to protect the ureterovesical anastomosis in nontransplant patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the value of ureteral stents in transplant patients. The frequency of urological complications (leaks, obstructions and urinary tract infections) was compared in a prospective randomized series of 194 kidney transplantations (97 with and 97 without a double pigtail ureteral stent).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the stent group 1 patient had a urinary leak and 35 had urinary tract infections (including 2 cases of Corynebacterium cystitis). In the no stent group 6 patients had urinary leaks, 4 had obstructions and 32 had urinary tract infections. The 1-year patient and graft survival rates were similar in both groups, and renal function at 1 year was also similar (229 versus 208 mumol./l. creatinine in the stent and no stent groups, respectively). A small number of stent related complications occurred (2 stent breakages and 1 stent migration). No stones formed in any case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteral stent insertion significantly decreases the rate of vesicoureteral leakage and obstruction in renal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie, Hopital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanchet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eschwege
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alexandre
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bensadoun
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charpentier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*