title: Understanding peripartum pelvic pain. Implications of a patient survey.
abstract: METHODS
  An analysis was made of the self-reported medical histories of patients with peripartum pelvic pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compile an inventory of the disabilities of patients with peripartum pelvic pain, analyze factors associated with the risk for development of the disease, and to formulate a hypothesis on pathogenesis and specific preventive and therapeutic measures.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pregnancy is an important risk factor for development of chronic low back pain. Understanding the pathogenesis of pelvic and low back pain during pregnancy and delivery could be useful in understanding and managing nonspecific low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  By means of a questionnaire, background data were collected among patients of the Dutch Association for Patients With Pelvic Complaints in Relation to Symphysiolysis. Results were compared with the general population. Subgroups were compared with each other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peripartum pelvic pain seriously interferes with many activities of daily living such us standing, walking, sitting, and all other activities in which the pelvis is involved. Most patients experience a relapse around menstruation and during a subsequent pregnancy. Occurrence of peripartum pelvic pain was associated with twin pregnancy, first pregnancy, higher age at first pregnancy, larger weight of the baby, forceps or vacuum extraction, fundus expression, and a flexed position of the woman during childbirth; a negative association was observed with cesarean section.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is hypothesized that peripartum pelvic pain is caused by strain of ligaments in the pelvis and lower spine resulting from a combination of damage to ligaments (recently or in the past), hormonal effects, muscle weakness, and the weight of the fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vleeming
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoeckart
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Stam
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Snijders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D010361:Patients; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014427:Twins