title: Interleukin-12 induces cytotoxic NK1+ alpha beta T cells in the lungs of euthymic and athymic mice.
abstract: We recently reported that interleukin-12 (IL-12) stimulated hepatic NK1.1 Ag+ alpha beta T cells with intermediate T-cell receptor (TCR; NK1+ TCRint cells) and enhanced their NK1 expression (NK1high TCRint), and that these cells acquire strong major histocompatibility complex (MHC) unrestricted cytotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice, both +/+ and nu/nu. In the present study, we find that although murine lung normally has few NK1+ TCRint cells, NK1high TCRint cells are induced in+/+ and nu/nu mice after systemic administration of IL-12; these cells exhibit strong MHC unrestricted cytotoxicity against NK-sensitive and -resistant targets. A small number of NK1high TCRint cells was also found in peripheral blood after increased amounts of IL-12 were administered. Cytotoxicity tests in vitro revealed that the cytotoxic activity of the lung mononuclear cells (MNC) of C57BL/6 mice induced by IL-12 was abrogated by the depletion of either NK1+ or CD3+ cells, but not of CD8+ cells, as reportedly was the case of hepatic MNC, suggesting that NK1high TCRint cells are an antimetastatic population not only in the liver but also in the lung of mice. IL-12 injection into mice markedly elevates serum interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels. However, although IL-12-induced cytotoxicity of NK1high TCRint cells was significantly reduced by anti-IFN-gamma antibody injection (which decreased serum IFN-gamma to an undetectable level), the appearance of NK1high TCRint cells in the lung and liver was not so affected. These results suggest that IFN-gamma is an important mediator of the cytotoxicity of NK1high TCRint cells but is not an essential factor for induction of these cells. We also added data showing that IL-12 has a broad antimetastatic effect against various liver and lung metastatic tumours intravenously injected into several strains of mice, including NK-deficient bg/bg mice. It can be considered that, in addition to NK cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and gamma delta T cells, NK1+ TCRint cells can be categorized as one of the cytotoxic effector populations. These novel type cells distinct from regular T cells may play an important role in monitoring intra- and perivascular areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma