title: Sensorimotor gating in boys with Tourette's syndrome and ADHD: preliminary results.
abstract: Deficits in sensorimotor gating, defined by prepulse inhibition (PPI), have been associated with subcortical dopaminergic overactivity in animal and clinical studies. Utilizing supraorbital nerve electrical stimulation, we produced adequate blink responses and measured decreases in amplitude resulting from electric prestimuli just above sensory threshold. Seven boys comorbid for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a tic disorder had significantly reduced PPI, compared to 14 screened controls and seven boys with ADHD alone. If independently replicated, these results may reflect greater neurologic immaturity in these comorbid subjects. Alternatively, these findings, together with other converging lines of evidence, suggest that deficient pallidal inhibition may be etiologically related to tic and movement disorders.
authors.affiliation: Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaysen
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rapoport
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine