title: Retinoblastoma recurrence after iodine 125 plaque application.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors report the clinicopathologic features of a recurrent retinoblastoma after radioactive iodine 125 (125l) plaque therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical and histopathologic findings of a 1-year-old boy with a recurrent retinoblastoma after 125l radioactive plaque application were reviewed. The patient's enucleated right eye was processed for routine histologic evaluation. Immunostains for glial fibrillary acid protein and S-100 protein were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Examination of the enucleated eye revealed a retinal tumor composed of two populations of cells. One population consisted of poorly differentiated cells, and the second population at the base of the tumor contained well-differentiated cells with numerous fleurettes. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for glial fibrillary acid protein and S-100 protein in the well-differentiated portion of the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case illustrates a recurrent retinoblastoma that may have arisen from radioresistant well-differentiated cells after 125l plaque therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Spraul
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Grossniklaus
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes