title: Cytokine release by porcine livers perfused with lipopolysaccharide or live Salmonella choleraesuis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a model to study the kinetics and relative amounts of cytokines produced by liver cells during enteric infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salmonella enteriditis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or live S choleraesuis-stimulated isolated livers from clinically normal pigs and pigs with active acute phase response.
  
  
  METHODS
  7- to 14-day-old salmonellosis-free pigs, 4 to 12/group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Livers were removed and perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution for 30 minutes and with S choleraesuis or LPS added for 7 minutes. Livers were then perfused with 500 ml of fresh solution in a closed loop procedure for 180 minutes. Perfusate samples were collected for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) bioassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha values remained constant during perfusion of normal livers and increased in those exposed to LPS. Interleukin 6 values increased in perfusate from normal livers from 30 to 150 minutes, then decreased. In livers from pigs with an active acute phase response, TNF alpha values were reduced; IL-6 appeared by 2 minutes and decreased after 25 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isolated livers could be kept viable for 3 hours, and IL-6 and TNF alpha could be measured by the bioassays used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Model can be used for studying and modifying the response of liver cells to infective agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D001681:Biological Assay; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D007739:L Cells; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D010477:Perfusion; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium