title: The effects of verapamil and lidocaine on the duration of propofol and xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in broiler chickens.
abstract: The effects of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, and lidocaine, a sodium channel blocker, administration on the duration of 1 mg propofol/kg i.v. or 5 mg xylazine/kg + 15 mg ketamine/kg i.m. anesthesia were examined in 1 and 6-w-old broiler chickens. The use of 2.5 or 1.25 mg verapamil/kg i.m. or 5 mg lidocaine/kg im prolonged the sleep time induced by the anesthetic agents. Administration of 5 mg verapamil/kg i.m. caused unexpected acute toxicity and mortality. This study suggests that propofol and xylazine + ketamine anesthesia in broilers may be modulated by calcium and sodium channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Roder
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sangiah
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007649:Ketamine; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D015742:Propofol; D011897:Random Allocation; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D014991:Xylazine
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D015222:Sodium Channels; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine; D008012:Lidocaine; D014700:Verapamil; D015742:Propofol