title: HIV-1, HIV-2, human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia in high-risk African women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection on the prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in a population of high-risk women in Senegal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study among 759 female commercial sex workers, including 68 with HIV-1, 58 with HIV-2, 14 with HIV-1 and 2, and 619 without HIV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, HPV was detected in 43% of women by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and in 7% by Southern transfer hybridization, with 7.4% of all women having SIL. The mean CD4 count was 820, 1205, and 727 x 10(6)/l for those with HIV-1, HIV-2, and dual HIV-1 and 2 infections, respectively, and 1447 x 10(6)/l for those without HIV infection. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 were associated with HPV, as detected by PCR [HIV-1 odds ratio (OR), 2.9; 95% confidence interval (Cl), 1.7-4.9; HIV-2 OR, 1.7; 95% Cl, 1.0-2.9]. HIV-2 was also associated with cervical SIL, and although the association between HIV-1 and SIL did not attain statistical significance, a trend was apparent (HIV-1 OR, 1.8; 95% Cl, 0.7-4.7; HIV-2 OR, 2.9; 95% Cl, 1.2-7.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite less immunosuppression with HIV-2, both HIV-1 and HIV-2 were associated with detection of HPV. HIV-2 was also associated with SIL. Further studies are needed to examine the risks of high-grade SIL and invasive cervical cancer with HIV-1 versus HIV-2 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Langley
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benga-De
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Critchlow
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ndoye
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mbengue-Ly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuypers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Woto-Gaye
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mboup
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Kiviat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1; D015498:HIV-2; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011477:Sex Work; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies