title: Effect of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation upon hepatic phagocytic clearance and killing of circulating microorganisms.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (S/R) on hepatic reticuloendothelial system function, using an in vivo assay that discriminantly quantitates its two essential components, phagocytic clearance and phagocytic killing of double-labeled Escherichia coli injected intravenously. Rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock at mean arterial pressure at 50 +/- 5 torr for 2 h, resuscitated, and survived. Hepatic phagocytic clearance was significantly decreased immediately following and 6 h after S/R, compared with sham-shocked rats, but recovered to normal levels after 24 h. Although hepatic killing efficiency was increased initially, and transiently depressed 6 h later, it was strikingly upregulated after 24 h. As a consequence, net hepatic killing was transiently suppressed at 0 and 6 h, but upregulated after 24 h. Pre-treatment with proinflammatory agonists, including endotoxin, IFN-gamma, or IFN-gamma + TNF-alpha enhanced both hepatic killing efficiency and net hepatic killing. These observations suggest that although hepatic killing function is initially impaired after the onset of S/R, it is strikingly upregulated 24 h later, simulating both the initial immunosuppression, and the later hyperinflammatory response to systemic S/R that could lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-4685, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mayumi
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Bulkley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012157:Mononuclear Phagocyte System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012151:Resuscitation; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma