title: The relaxivity of Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-DTPA in liver and kidney of the Wistar rat.
abstract: The NMR relaxivities of Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-DTPA were determined in the kidney and liver of intact male Wistar rats immediately following sacrifice and in vitro in solutions and gels, at 1.5 T using a clinical MR scanner, T1 and T2 values of tissue samples were derived from spin-echo image sequences. Tissue gadolinium concentrations were determined by radioassay of Gd153, Gd-EOB-DTPA T1 and T2 relaxivities, R1 and R2 (s-1 mmole-1 kg), were found to be 10.7 +/- 0.5 and 22.5 +/- 3.2 respectively, for liver, 2.4 +/- 0.2 and 12.1 +/- 1.7 for kidney cortex, 2.7 +/- 0.2 and 14.5 +/- 1.9 for kidney outer medulla, 2.0 +/- 0.2 and 11.4 +/- 2.1 for kidney inner medulla. Gd-DTPA R1 and R2 were found to be 4.8 +/- 0.4 and 14.5 +/- 3.7 for liver, 1.2 +/- 0.1 and 7.9 +/- 0.8 for kidney cortex, 1.6 +/- 0.1 and 10.2 +/- 1.4 for kidney outer medulla, 1.3 +/- 0.1 and 10.2 +/- 1.2 for kidney inner medulla. Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-DTPA R1 was increased in liver compared to agarose gets at 38 degrees C (4.49 +/- 0.03 and 3.47 +/- 0.06), but reduced in kidney tissues. All R2 were elevated compared to agarose gels at 38 degrees C (5.72 +/- 0.12 and 4.12 +/- 0.03). Elevated R2 and R1 (expressed in terms of the concentration of gadolinium per kg of tissue) can be accounted for in part by the lower water content of tissues compared with gels or solutions increased microviscosity and binding to macromolecules. In addition, susceptibility effects may give rise to further increases in R2. By contrast, the reduced R1 observed in kidney may be the result of compartmentalization of the magnetopharmaceuticals. Statistically improved fits were obtained for T1 recovery curves for liver in the presence of Gd-EOB-DTPA when a dual exponential model was used. Assuming in vitro values for the relaxivities of these artificial contrast agents will lead to inaccuracies when relating observed signal enhancement factors to tissue gadolinium concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shuter
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tofts
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pope
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001834:Body Water / Q000737:chemistry; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005782:Gels; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005782:Gels; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D014867:Water; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D012685:Sepharose; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA