title: Accidental fatal drug overdoses in New York City: 1990-1992.
abstract: This study of all accidental fatal drug overdoses (N = 1,986) in New York City from 1990 to 1992, using medical examiner data, found that cocaine, often with opiates and ethanol, caused almost three-fourths of deaths, while opiates without cocaine caused roughly one-fourth of fatal overdoses. Only 5% of accidental drug fatalities were caused by drugs other than cocaine or opiates. This is a marked departure from the results of studies in the early 1980s when opiates prevailed as a cause of accidental fatal overdoses. In this study the highest cocaine overdose rates were found among males, African-Americans, and Latinos. Rates of opiate overdose without cocaine did not differ in regard to race/ethnicity except for low rates among Asians and other ethnic groups. There was a marked increase in the rate of combined cocaine and opiate overdoses from 1990 to 1992 and a more gradual but steady increase of overdoses due to opiates without cocaine during that time period. Overdoses due to drugs other than cocaine or opiates showed no increase during that time period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatary, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tardiff
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Marzuk
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Portera
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hartwell
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stajic
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000401:mortality*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003042:Cocaine / Q000506:poisoning; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000506:poisoning; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000506:poisoning*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000506:poisoning; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000506:poisoning*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D009294:Narcotics; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D000431:Ethanol; D003042:Cocaine