title: [Permanent cardiac pacing. Present possibilities and perspectives].
abstract: Cardiac pacing is reckoned to be one of the most successful branches of medicine in the second half of the 20th century. Indications for single chamber ventricular pacing are getting gradually restricted. This early pacing mode, which was used in 1958 for the first time, has been recently replaced from modern modes: for atrial, dual chamber and rate adaptive ones. Not only these most recent methods prevent from bradycardia but they also meet demands of modern cardiac pacing, i.e. to restore the synchronization of the atriums and the ventricles and to restore the frequency response. So-called physiological pacing improves both the well-being and the survival of patients and it has also extended pacing indications to the non-arrhythmic ones: first and foremost to the cardiomyopathies. It is dual chamber pacing, the artificial biosensors, various kinds of counters and monitoring functions that enhance the energy consumption. Both low-threshold pacing leads and an automatic adjustment of the pulse energy are helpful in extending the longevity of tiny lithium-powered pacemakers of these days. Current dual chamber rate responsive devices represent an important first step towards a fully automatic smart pacemaker of the future. Such an intelligent pulse generator with several sensors will be operating in the DDDR mode checking automatically the pacing threshold and switching its pacing mode according to pathophysiological requirements.
authors.affiliation: II. interní klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novák
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial
vernacular_title: Trvalá kardiostimulace. Její soucasné moznosti a perspektivy.