title: Warmed local anesthetic reduces pain of infiltration.
abstract: The effect of warming local anesthetic on the amount of pain experienced during local infiltration was tested by comparing equal volumes of 40 degrees C- and 21 degrees C-infiltrates in each of 26 subjects. Six subjects were patients undergoing excision of two benign asymptomatic nevi in separate locations, and 20 subjects were healthy adult volunteers who were injected in bilateral antebrachial sites. The warmed and room temperature solutions were randomized to each side, so that each subject received both temperature injections in random order. All subjects and the injector were blinded. The rate of injection was time-controlled (0.05 ml/sec). Following both injections, subjects were asked to rate the pain experienced at each site. In addition, the subject was asked if there was no difference, a slight difference, or a substantial difference between the two sites. A two-tailed paired t-test was used to analyze the mean difference in pain scores for all subjects. Paired analysis of the pain scores for each subject eliminated intersubject variance of pain tolerance. The mean difference in pain score between the room temperature and warmed solutions was +1.5 (p < 0.0001). Of the 21 subjects (81%) who found the warmed solution less painful, 11 (52%) found the difference to be significant, while 10 (48%) found the difference to be slight. Two subjects (8%) found no difference between the two, while 3 subjects (11%) found the colder solution slightly less painful. We conclude that warming local anesthetic to 40 degrees C prior to subcutaneous injection is a simple, inexpensive means of reducing the pain of local infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fialkov
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: McDougall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local