title: Effects of rate of gain on scrotal circumference and histopathologic features of the testes of half-sibling yearling beef bulls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of high and low gain on production variables and reproductive characteristics of bulls, including histopathologic lesions in the testes, as determined by quantitative measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  23 half-sibling, 11.6-month-old beef bulls, averaging 326 +/- 8.3 kg in weight and having a mean scrotal circumference of 28.7 +/- 0.4 cm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bulls were randomly assigned within pairs to high- or low-gain rations and fed ad libitum for 112 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scrotal circumference and body weight were measured on days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112. Bulls were castrated on day 112. Morphologic characteristics of spermatozoa were determined from samples taken on days 50 and 111. Testis sections from each bull were examined, using light microscopy, for changes in the seminiferous epithelium and interstitium. A grading scheme was used to quantify testicular lesions by histologic techniques. Pathologic changes in 600 cross sections from each bull were classified into 9 grades. The degree of germinal epithelial loss per 100 tubules was calculated by assigning a value to each grade according to the severity of loss of germinal epithelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scrotal circumference (mean +/- SEM cm), 34.0 +/- 0.8 vs 31.7 +/- 0.5 (P < 0.001), body weight (kg), 512.3 +/- 19.6 vs 421.9 +/- 9.4 (P < 0.001), and paired testicular and epididymal weight (g), 532 +/- 31 vs 425 +/- 24 (P < 0.0001) and 73.8 +/- 1.9 vs 56.3 +/- 3.7 (P < 0.001) were greater in the high-gain than in the low-gain group. Morphologic characteristics of spermatozoa were similar for both groups. Means for graded seminiferous epithelial effects were similar in each group. Hypoplastic-type tubules were found in bulls with small scrotal circumference in both the high- and low-gain groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High gain resulted in greater testicular growth but testicular structure and function were similar for both groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ohl
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Faulkner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hornbuckle
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Cmarik
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zinn
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012611:Scrotum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D012661:Semen / Q000166:cytology; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000166:cytology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology; D013737:Testis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*