title: [Interventional MRI. Value of low field strength and very fast 3D steady state imaging sequences for the guidance of a "non" ferromagnetic needle].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The excellent tissue differenciation provided by MRI in the three directions and the lack of ionizing radiations make it ideal for interventional procedures. Many problems must still be solved: the access to the patient, the size of the artefact produced by interventional instruments and the acquisition time. In this study, we evaluated the influence of field strength for standard imaging sequences on the MRI artefact of a non ferro-magnetic biopsy needle. Then, we developed very fast sequences on a opened 0.1 T dedicated magnet to test in vitro and ex vivo the potential ability of this system in the guidance of the needle.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biopsy needle was a new stainless steel needle made of 49% Nickel. The needle artefact's size measurements were made at 0.1 T, 0.5 T and 1 T on a bicompartmental phantom (one compartment with a long T1 and another with a long T2), with standard gradient echo (400/12/90 degrees) and spin echo (500/25) sequences. At 0.1 T, we optimized very fast steady state 3D FAST (T1 weighted) and 3D CE-FAST (T2 weighted) sequences to reduce the acquisition time, preserving good image contrasts for a field of view reaching 38 mm and 48 x 64 or 24 x 32 matrix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The larger needle artefact observed on gradient echo images varied from 3.6 mm at 0.1 T to 8.6 mm at 1 T. The shortest acquisition time for 4 contiguous slices of 2mm with a 1.2 mm/pixel resolution and a 24 x 32 matrix was 1.5 s for the 3D FAST (16/9/65 degrees) sequence and 3 s for the 3D CE-FAST (29/22/65 degrees) sequence. We realized a complete MRI guided abdominal puncture on a cat cadaver with 4 series of 15 s 3D FAST images (16/9/65 degrees, 4 slices, 5 excitations, 1.2 mm/pixel, FOV = 77 mm). Besides the cat positioning and the image reconstruction time, the whole puncture lasted 1 min (4 x 15 s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low field MRI (0.1 T) combined with very fast 3D steady state sequences is adapted for the real time guidance of biopsy needles.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biomécanique, CHU de Strasbourg-Hautepierre, Strasbourg.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gangi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choquet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brunot
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mertz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Constantinesco
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*
vernacular_title: IRM interventionnelle. Intérêt du bas champ magnétique et des séquences ultrarapides d'équilibre dynamique 3D pour le suivi d'une aiguille "non" ferro-magnétique.