title: Galpha12 and Galpha13 regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun kinase pathways by different mechanisms in COS-7 cells.
abstract: Many growth factors and agonists for G protein-coupled receptors activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and the c-Jun kinase (JNK) pathway. Transient transfection of dominant negative and constitutively active pathway components in COS-7 cells shows that two G protein subunits, Galpha12 and Galpha13, inhibit the ERK pathway and stimulate the JNK pathway. Constitutively active (GTPase-deficient) Galpha12 and Galpha13 both inhibit ERK pathway activation by epidermal growth factor. A Galpha13/alphaz chimera, which responds to stimulation by Gi-coupled receptors, mediates inhibition of ERK via such a receptor, the dopamine-2 receptor. In addition, expression of a dominant negative mutant of the GTPase, Cdc42, blocks activation of the JNK pathway by Galpha12 and Galpha13 but does not alter inhibition of ERK activation by the same Galpha proteins; conversely, mutationally activated Cdc42 stimulates the JNK pathway but has no effect on the ERK pathway. Our results show that different mechanisms mediate two effects of Galpha12 and Galpha13: the ERK pathway inhibition is mediated at the level of MAP kinase kinase in a Ras- and Raf-independent fashion, whereas the JNK pathway stimulation is mediated by Cdc42.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Voyno-Yasenetskaya
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bourne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009154:Mutation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins