title: A magnetic resonance imaging study of white matter lesions in depression and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  White matter changes, as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may occur in depression and Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  T2-weighted MRI scans were performed in 39 control subjects, 61 subjects with NINCDS/ADRDA Alzheimer's disease and 60 subjects with DSM-III-R major depression. Deep white matter lesions (DWML) and periventricular lesions (PVL) were rated on a standard 0-3 scale by two radiologists blind to clinical diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for differences in vascular risk factors and current blood pressure, DWML were significantly more common in depressed subjects and PVL in Alzheimer's disease subjects compared to controls. DWML were most common in those presenting in late life with their first ever depression and 50% of such subjects had severe (grade 3) DWML.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An association between DWML and depression and PVL and Alzheimer's disease is supported. The increase with DWML that occurs with ageing may predispose some elderly subjects to depression.
authors.affiliation: Brighton Clinic, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desmond
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrigan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tress
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015588:Observer Variation; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics