title: [Current concepts of the interactions of regulating systems: nervous, endocrine and immune].
abstract: Three regulating systems, nervous, endocrine and immune, are involved in maintenance of homeostasis. They are regarded as interacting, with interaction between nervous and endocrine systems being well defined and giving rise to development of independent realm of knowledge--the neuroendocrinology. As concerns interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune systems it seems to be exciting and intensely developing trend of up-to-date investigation. A great deal of evidence is adduced bringing new sight into the mechanisms of bidirectional exchange of signals among the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. This paper provides analytical consideration of the vast information, that allowed the development of the new integrative area of biology--the neuro-immuno-endocrinology, with special reference being paid to some general regularities underlying integration of each regulatory constituents into the single operating system. Attention is also paid to up-date information concerning mechanisms of neurotransmition and immune response in terms of the problem under consideration.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Russian Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow.
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Akmaev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology*
vernacular_title: Sovremennye predstavleniia o vzaimodeĭstviiakh reguliruiushchikh sistem: nervnoĭ, éndokrinnoĭ i immunoĭ.