title: Suppression of glioblastoma angiogenicity and tumorigenicity by inhibition of endogenous expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: The development of new capillary networks from the normal microvasculature of the host appears to be required for growth of solid tumors. Tumor cells influence this process by producing both inhibitors and positive effectors of angiogenesis. Among the latter, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has assumed prime candidacy as a major positive physiological effector. Here, we have directly tested this hypothesis in the brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, one of the most highly vascularized human cancers. We introduced an antisense VEGF expression construct into glioblastoma cells and found that (i) VEGF mRNA and protein levels were markedly reduced, (ii) the modified cells did not secrete sufficient factors so as to be chemoattractive for primary human microvascular endothelial cells, (iii) the modified cells were not able to sustain tumor growth in immunodeficient animals, and (iv) the density of in vivo blood vessel formation was reduced in direct relation to the reduction of VEGF secretion and tumor formation. Moreover, revertant cells that recovered the ability to secrete VEGF regained each of these tumorigenic properties. These results suggest that VEGF plays a major angiogenic role in glioblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California, La Jolla 92093-0660, USA.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagane
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Arap
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Cavenee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002465:Cell Movement; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors