title: A unique phosphorylation-dependent mechanism for the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV/GR.
abstract: The activity of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV/Gr (CaMKIV/Gr) is shown to be strictly regulated by phosphorylation of three residues both in vitro and in response to antigen receptor-mediated signaling in lymphocytes. One residue, Thr-200, is indispensable for enhancement of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent basal activity by CaMKIV/Gr kinase. This event requires Ca2+/calmodulin in the full-length CaMKIV/Gr but is Ca2+/calmodulin-independent when a truncated version of CaMKIV/Gr is used as a substrate (DeltaCaMKIV/Gr1-317 (Delta1-317)). The other two residues, Ser12 and Ser13, are apparently autophosphorylated by the Ca2+/calmodulin-bound CaMKIV/Gr. Phosphorylation of neither Ser12-Ser13 nor Thr312 (the residue in a homologous position to Thr286 of CaMKIIalpha influences the development of Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity or any other property of CaMKIV/Gr examined. Similarly, removal of the NH2-terminal 20 amino acids has no effect on the activation or function of CaMKIV/Gr. However, mutation of both Ser12 and Ser13 residues to Ala in Delta1-317 completely abrogates activity, while individual substitutions have no effect. These results indicate that the NH2-terminal Ser cluster mediates a novel type of intrasteric inhibition and suggest that three events are required for CaMKIV/Gr activation: 1) Ca2+/calmodulin binding; 2) phosphorylation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-bound enzyme on Thr200 by a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase; and 3) autophosphorylation of Ser12-Ser13. This three-step requirement is unique among the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chatila
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Means
mesh_terms: D054734:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C517683:CAMK4 protein, human; D054734:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases