title: Induction of sister chromatid exchange in the presence of gadolinium-DTPA and its reduction by dimethyl sulfoxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors investigate the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) after the addition of gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA to venous blood samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Venous blood was obtained from nonsmokers. Samples were incubated with Gd-DTPA alone or in combination with mitomycin C, cytarabine, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and then evaluated for SCEs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of SCE increased with the concentration of Gd-DTPA and as each chemotherapeutic agent was added. Sister chromatid exchange frequencies were lower when the blood was treated with a combination of Gd-DTPA and DMSO compared with Gd-DTPA alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in frequency of SCE seen after the addition of Gd-DTPA was decreased by the addition of DMSO, indicating the production of hydroxyl radicals. The effect likely is dissociation-related.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide