title: Rib fractures in major trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the mortality, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay of rib fractures in patients admitted to Victorian hospitals for more than 1 day.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients fitting the entry criteria for the Victorian Major Trauma Study with fractured ribs were identified between 1 March 1992 and 28 February 1993. Aetiology, age, sex, associated injury and outcome were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with rib fractures had a higher mortality and length of hospital stay, but this was not significantly different from other trauma. A significantly higher percentage of patients required ICU care for rib fractures (44%) compared with the total group with blunt injury (24%). The majority of rib fractures resulted from motor vehicle accidents 361/541 (67%). Injuries occurring on the street/highway resulting in rib fractures were more likely to be major; 62% had Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15. Fractured ribs occurred more commonly with increased age. Mortality for patients with fractured ribs versus total trauma group was higher in elderly patients. Univariate analysis showed rib fractures were a positive predictor of death but when adjusted for ISS and age, rib fractures became a negative predictor. Rib fractures were not predictors for length of ICU or hospital stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sample of rib fractures collected in this study underestimates the overall incidence. For those patients admitted to hospital with identified rib fractures, there is a trend towards higher mortality and morbidity. However, this association is better predicted by ISS and age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dziukas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadj
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hooper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012253:Rib Fractures / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013249:Sternum / Q000293:injuries