title: Experimental chemonucleolysis with chondroitinase ABC in monkeys.
abstract: METHODS
  Experimental chemonucleolysis with chondroitinase ABC as compared with chymopapain was investigated in monkeys. The effects of these two enzymes were analyzed morphologically and biochemically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The results of the present study facilitate the clinical application of chondroitinase ABC.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Many experimental studies on chemonucleolysis with chondroitinase ABC have been reported mostly in rabbits. Further examination in animals that are more similar to humans is necessary for its clinical application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten mature rhesus monkeys were used. Lumbar intervertebral discs from six monkeys were injected with either chondroitinase ABC, chymopapain, or physiologic saline. The animals were killed not more than 6 weeks after injection, and their discs were examined morphologically and biochemically. The remaining four monkeys were used for a longer follow-up study to determine the changes in chondroitinase ABC-injected discs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Degenerative changes of discs were more severe with the injection of chymopapain, although the content of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and dermatan sulfate decreased more with the injection of chondroitinase ABC. In a longer follow-up study, chondroitinase ABC-injected discs recovered somewhat morphologically and biochemically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm that selective degradation is achieved with chondroitinase ABC in vivo in monkeys and that chondroitinase ABC is less toxic to discs than chymopapain is. From these considerations, chondroitinase ABC is believed to have a high potential for clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya-City, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mimatsu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002808:Chondroitin Lyases / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002917:Chymopapain / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D007404:Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D002917:Chymopapain; D002808:Chondroitin Lyases