title: Detection of estrus by visual observation and radiotelemetry in peripubertal, estrus-synchronized beef heifers.
abstract: The effectiveness of two estrus-detection methods (visual observation and radiotelemetric, pressure-sensitive, rump-mounted devices) was compared in peripubertal, crossbred yearling beef heifers. Heifers (n = 50) were fitted with a pressure-sensitive device affixed to their rumps to which a battery-operated radio transmitter was connected. Activation of the sensor sent a radiotelemetric signal to a microcomputer via a fixed radio antenna. Heifer identification, date, time, and duration of standing events were recorded. Estrus was synchronized by feeding melengestrol acetate (MGA) for 14 d and then injecting PGF2 alpha 17 d after the last daily dose of MGA. Following the injection of PGF2 alpha, heifers were observed visually for signs of estrus at 0730 and 1630 (45 min each). Estrus was detected in 41 of 49 heifers (one lost the device) by visual observation and(or) the radiotelemetric device. Number of standing events during estrus, determined by the radiotelemetric device, averaged 50.1 +/- 6.4 per heifer, with the duration of estrus ranging from 2.6 to 26.2 h (average = 14 +/- .8 h). Visual observation failed to detect 11 of 41 heifers (37%) that were detected by the radiotelemetric device. Heifers with fewer standing events (19.3 vs 60.5; P < .001) and estrus of shorter duration (8.4 vs 15.6 h; P < .001) were those not identified by visual observation. Based on intervals between the first detected standing event of estrus and time of insemination, a wide window of fertility seems to exist in some heifers. Radiotelemetric devices were useful in identifying a greater (P < .05) proportion (100%) of heifers in estrus (increased efficiency) compared with visual observation (73%). However, accuracy of both methods was similar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Corah
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: LeFever
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000494:pharmacology; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D004973:Estrus Synchronization / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008552:Melengestrol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D008838:Microcomputers; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000494:pharmacology; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology*; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D011374:Progesterone; D008552:Melengestrol Acetate; D015237:Dinoprost