Fludarabine monophosphate in refractory B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia: maintenance may be significant to sustain response.
In the present study we report our results on the efficacy of Fludarabine monophosphate in 20 B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Of the 20 patients 14 were males and 6 females with a median age of 58 years (44-70). Eight had Binet stage B and 12 stage C. They were previously treated with chlorambucil, prednisone, mini-CHOP or irradiation. Their disease duration prior to fludarabine administration was 49 months (7-180). Fludarabine was given at a dose of 25 mg/m2 daily, for five consecutive days, monthly for six months and if responding for six additional months. Treatment was administered on an outpatient basis. Complete response (CR) was observed in 7 patients (33%) and partial remission (PR) in 5 (25%). Of the complete responders 5 were males and 2 females with a median age of 60 years (range 55-68); three of them had stage B and 4 stage C disease; the median number of fludarabine courses for achieving CR was 3 (range 2-5). In all CR patients a residual monoclonal CD5/CD19 positive lymphocyte population was found in the peripheral blood. All CRs relapsed shortly after discontinuation of therapy within 12 months. The main toxicity observed was upper respiratory tract and/or pulmonary infections in 8 patients, requiring hospitalization. Among the CRs one patient died during the administration of the third course of therapy, due to a severe hypersensitivity reaction with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The importance of maintenance therapy is also stressed as PR was sustained in some patients using 3 day cycles every 2-4 months. One patient was maintained in this fashion for 60 + months. This study showed that fludarabine is effective in CLL patients refractory to conventional chemotherapy thus it may be given as the treatment of choice if such patients still require treatment.
Angelopoulou
M A
MA
First Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Greece, School of Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Poziopoulos
C
C
Boussiotis
V A
VA
Kontopidou
F
F
Pangalis
G A
GA
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012074:Remission Induction; D001084:Vidarabine Phosphate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D001084:Vidarabine Phosphate; C042382:fludarabine phosphate