title: Application of nitrogen from swine lagoon effluent to bermudagrass pastures: seasonal changes in forage nitrogenous constituents and effects of energy and escape protein supplementation on beef cattle performance.
abstract: A 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate 1) the effects of nitrogen level from swine lagoon effluent on forage composition and animal performance and 2) the effects of supplemental escape protein (EP) on performance by steers grazing pastures fertilized with swine lagoon effluent. Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) pastures were fertilized via sprinkler irrigation with either 448 or 896 kg/ha of N from swine lagoon effluent (two pasture replications/treatment). Within each pasture, four supplement treatments were evaluated using electronic Calan gates (8 steers.pasture-1.yr-1). The treatments were 1) negative control (pasture only); 2) energy control, which supplied 79.9 g of EP.hd-1.d-1; 3) 159 g of EP.hd-1.d-1, and 4) 239 g of EP.hd-1.d-1. Gains were increased (P < .05) an average of .15 kg/d by supplementation, with no differences in gain among supplements. Forage samples representative of that grazed by steers (CONSUM) and representative of all available forage (AVAIL) were obtained at 14-d intervals. Total CP content of CONSUM and AVAIL samples were slightly higher (P < .20 and P < .15, respectively) from pastures fertilized with 896 compared with 448 kg/ha of N (20.8 vs 20.0% for CONSUM and 15.2 vs 14.2% for AVAIL). Concentrations of nonprotein N and soluble true protein (% of CP) in both AVAIL and CONSUM samples were higher (P < .06) from pastures fertilized with the higher N level. Total N uptake by the plant, based on CP content and animal grazing days/ha, was essentially the same for both N treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Poore
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen