title: The response of injection drug users to free treatment on demand: implications for HIV control.
abstract: Injection drug use is a major risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and drug treatment is widely recognized as a core component of the public health effort to limit the spread of HIV. The assumption is frequently made that lack of immediate access to treatment is a significant barrier to the success of this effort. However, little empirical data exist to support this belief. We conducted a trial of no-cost outpatient drug-free treatment made available on demand to a cohort of out-of-treatment injection drug users (IDUs) in Portland, Oregon, through a coupon program. Of 824 IDUs, 272 (33%) expressed an interest in treatment, 225 (27%) accepted a coupon, 66 (8%) redeemed a coupon, and 9 (1%) remained in treatment for 6 months. These numbers indicate that simply enhancing access is not adequate. Additional strategies to increase motivation to enter and remain in treatment are needed if drug treatment is to play an important role in reducing the spread of HIV among injection drug users, their sexual partners, and their infants.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sibthorpe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tesselaar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nichols
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics; D003042:Cocaine; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005380:Financing, Government; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000191:economics / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008489:Medical Indigency / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009922:Oregon; D012307:Risk Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000191:economics / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine