title: Effect of periodontal treatment on the protein composition of whole and parotid saliva.
abstract: Cystatins are physiological inhibitors of cysteine proteinases and widely distributed in human tissues and fluids including saliva. Cystatins S, SA, SN, and D are only found in glandular saliva and tear fluid whereas cystatin C has been detected in all tested biological fluids. Previous studies demonstrated that total cystatin activity and cystatin C concentration were highest in whole and parotid saliva of periodontitis patients compared to healthy subjects suggesting a response of the salivary glands to an inflammatory condition of the oral cavity. Based on these results we studied a possible change in the concentration of cystatin S, cystatin C, albumin, IgA, amylase activity, and cystatin activity in a whole and parotid saliva of 20 periodontitis patients as a consequence of periodontal treatment. Saliva samples were quantified for cystatins S and C, albumin, and IgA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Amylase was determined in an activity assay and total cystatin activity was measured towards pa-pain. The clinical condition of the subjects improved significantly after 6 months of periodontal therapy whereas biochemical analyses of whole and parotid saliva indicated that significant changes in salivary protein composition occurred only in whole saliva. Total cystatin activity (P < 0.05) and cystatin C concentration (P < 0.05) of whole saliva samples collected after periodontal treatment decreased to normal healthy control values. Further, concentrations of cystatin S were unchanged during the periodontal treatment process. These results suggest that other sources of cystatins than the parotid gland i.e.; other salivary glands or crevicular fluid, are involved in the decrease of total cystatin activity in whole saliva after periodontal treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA),The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Henskens
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: van der Weijden
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van den Keijbus
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Veerman
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Timmerman
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Amerongen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D000681:Amylases / Q000032:analysis; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010206:Papain; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D055333:Salivary Cystatins; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; C525030:CST3 protein, human; C525173:CST4 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D055333:Salivary Cystatins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D000681:Amylases; D010206:Papain