title: Onchocerciasis in Ecuador: evolution of chorioretinopathy after amocarzine treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of the macrofilaricidal drug, amocarzine, on the evolution of chorioretinopathy in onchocerciasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective uncontrolled cohort study was performed using subjects infected with Onchocerca volvulus in a hyperendemic onchocerciasis focus in Esmeraldas Province in Ecuador. Study subjects were recruited into four cohorts in which ophthalmic and parasitological data were collected for 2, 3, 4, and 5 years respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete ophthalmic follow up was obtained for 294 individuals in the four cohorts. The incidence of retinal pigment epithelial atrophy tended to remain constant between cohorts while that of chorioretinal scarring with a greater observation period. The incidence rate of cases with new or extending chorioretinal lesions was greater with an increasing period of follow up. An association was seen between the cumulative microfilarial loads in the skin and the development of new chorioretinal lesions (p < 0.05). No relation was noted between cumulative microfilarial loads and the progression of existing disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amocarzine therapy did not prevent the natural evolution of chorioretinal disease. It was suggested that ocular microfilariae were necessary for the induction of chorioretinopathy in previously unaffected eyes and that extension of existing disease might also be related to the presence of ocular microfilariae or to other immunological mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Onchocerciasis Control Programme, Hospital Vozandes, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Proaño
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beltran
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anselmi
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Guderian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004484:Ecuador / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D017181:Onchocerca volvulus; D015827:Onchocerciasis, Ocular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D010879:Piperazines; C051744:amocarzine