title: The effects of surgical stimulation on intracranial hemodynamics.
abstract: This study investigates the effects of surgical stimulation on cerebral blood flow velocity using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) in 1 and 2 maximum alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane anesthetized patients. Sixty ASA I and II patients undergoing breast surgery were studied. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.6% isoflurane (groups 1 and 2) or 1.2% isoflurane (groups 3 and 4) and nitrous oxide in oxygen (FIO2, 0.33). TCD recordings of middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity (Vmean, cm/s) were taken before each respective treatment and for the 15-min investigation period. In groups 1 and 3 (each n = 20), the patients were exposed to surgical stimulation (skin incision). In groups 2 and 4 (each n = 10), norepinephrine infusion (0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) was used to increase mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to levels similar to those seen with surgical stimulation (groups 1 or 3). Body temperature and PETCO2 remained constant over time and did not vary between treatment groups. In groups 1 and 3, MAP increased 22 and 16% after surgical stimulation. In groups 2 and 4, MAP increased 28 and 36% after norepinephrine infusion. Vmean was increased 23 and 17% after surgical stimulation during 1 and 2 MAC isoflurane but did not change with norepinephrine infusion. These data show that cerebral blood flow velocity increases with surgical stimulation in 1 and 2 MAC isoflurane-anesthetized patients. This is not a function of changes in MAP. These data suggest that surgical stimulation increases cerebral blood flow, possibly because of arousal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: von Knobelsdorff
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusagaya
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kochs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulte m Esch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane; D009638:Norepinephrine