title: A path analysis of gender differences in adolescent onset of alcohol, tobacco and other drug use (ATOD), reported ATOD use and adverse consequences of ATOD use.
abstract: Gender differences in the ways a risk factor approach explains onset of using alcohol, tobacco and other drugs (ATOD), reported use of ATOD and adverse consequences from ATOD use were investigated by means of separate path analyses for male and female adolescents. A fully recursive model was specified in which alienation, trait anger, interaction anxiety and cognitive motivation for ATOD use comprised the first column variables which were used to predict earliness of onset. For the second step, column one variables plus onset were used to predict ATOD use. In the final step, column one variables plus onset and ATOD use were used to predict adverse consequences of ATOD use. An ex post facto design was used in surveying 796 high school students in a single Midwestern community. The data from this sample supported the predictive validity of the theoretical model. In addition to the expected indirect or mediated effects of the risk factors via onset of ATOD use on ATOD use and via onset and ATOD use on adverse consequences of ATOD use, there were direct effects of column on risk factors on both ATOD use and on adverse consequences of ATOD use for both males and females, lending support to the concept of multiple pathway risk factors. The three gender differences that emerged in the separate path analyses were entirely consistent with the gendered deviance model.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Iowa. Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000431:Ethanol; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012737:Sex Factors; D012934:Social Isolation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol