title: Augmentation of the restless legs syndrome with carbidopa/levodopa.
abstract: Dopaminergic agents and carbidopa/levodopa have become the preferred treatment for both the restless legs (RL) syndrome and for periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). For once-nightly treatments with carbidopa/ levodopa, a problem with morning end-of-dose rebound increases in leg movements has been reported to occur in the about one-fourth of the patients. In our clinical studies a previously unreported but far more significant problem of markedly augmented RL symptoms occurred in the afternoon and the evening prior to taking the next nightly dose. A systematic prospective evaluation of this augmentation in 46 consecutive patients treated with carbidopa/ levodopa for RL syndrome or PLMS disorder found this augmentation to be the major adverse effect of treatment. Augmentation occurred for 31% of PLMS patients and 82% of all RL patients. It was greater for subjects with more severe RL symptoms and for patients on higher doses (> or = 50/200 mg carbidopa/levodopa) but was unrelated to gender, age or baseline severity of PLMS. This augmentation was severe enough to require medication change for 50% of the RL patients and 13% of PLMS patients. Augmentation resolved with cessation of the medication and could be minimized by keeping the dose low.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Earley
mesh_terms: D002230:Carbidopa / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010507:Periodicity; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D007980:Levodopa; D002230:Carbidopa