title: Genetic heterogeneity of inherited cerebral cavernous malformation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is frequently an inherited disorder showing autosomal dominant transmission. Genetic analysis has localized a gene causing CCM to a segment of the long arm of human chromosome 7 (7q). This evidence derives from investigation of a small number of families, mostly of Hispanic American descent. In this study, we have tested whether inherited CCM is always due to mutation in this 7q gene, or whether mutation in other genes can cause CCM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have studied subjects from two non-Hispanic families with inherited CCM. The clinical features of CCM in these families are indistinguishable from those in kindreds in which CCM is due to mutation in the 7q gene. To test whether CCM in these kindreds is caused by a mutation on 7q, we compared the inheritance of CCM to the inheritance of genetic markers on 7q.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genetic analysis demonstrates independent inheritance of CCM and markers on 7q in both families studied. This evidence excludes mutation in the 7q gene as the cause of CCM in these families, with odds against CCM being due to mutation in 7q in each family of more than 100,000:1 and 100:1, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that inherited CCM is not always caused by a mutant gene on 7q, indicating the presence of at least a second gene in which mutation can cause CCM. These results have implications for genetic testing and the pathogenesis of this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Günel
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Finberg
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cepeda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nelson-Williams
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lifton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics*; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000235:genetics*; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006392:Hemangioma, Cavernous / Q000235:genetics*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers