title: Interferon-gamma suppresses T-cell proliferation to mitogen via the nitric oxide pathway during experimental acute graft-versus-host disease.
abstract: The development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is associated with long-lasting and profound deficits in immune function that lead to increased morbidity and mortality after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We investigated a mechanism of T-cell immunodeficiency in response to mitogen or alloantigen in an experimental model of acute GVHD by analyzing the roles of two immunosuppressive moieties: interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and nitric oxide (NO). Splenocytes from mice with GVHD did not proliferate either to the T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), or to host alloantigens, but only mitogen-activated cultures produced increased levels of NO. The abrogation of NO synthesis with LG-mono-methyl-arginine (NMMA) restored mitogen-induced proliferation but not the response to host antigens. The mechanism of impared proliferation to mitogen was dependent on IFN-gamma because blockade of this cytokine in culture inhibited NO production and restored proliferation to Con A to levels similar to those in transplanted control mice without GVHD. NMMA did not substantially reduce IFN-gamma levels, demonstrating that NO acted distally to IFN-gamma in the pathway of immunosuppression in response to mitogen. Furthermore, the prevention of IFN-gamma production in vivo after allogeneic BMT, by transplantation of polarized type 2 donor T cells (secreting interleukin-4 but not IFN-gamma), also prevented NO production and restored splenocyte responses to mitogen. Our data demonstrate the existence of NO-dependent and NO-independent pathways involved in suppression of T-cell proliferation during acute GVHD. Excess NO synthesis appears to be one mechanism by which IFN-gamma induces immunodeficiency after allogeneic BMT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krenger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falzarano
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delmonte
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Byon
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011828:Radiation Chimera; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007519:Isoantigens; D008934:Mitogens; D003208:Concanavalin A; D015847:Interleukin-4; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase