title: Determination of benzidine, N-acetylbenzidine, and N,N'-diacetylbenzidine in human urine by capillary gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
abstract: We report an isotope dilution mass spectrometry method using capillary gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization to quantitate urine concentrations of benzidine (BZ) and of its acetylated metabolites N-acetylbenzidine (ABZ) and N,N'-diacetylbenzidine (DABZ). Urine samples were purified by solid-phase extraction columns, reduced with LiAlH4/THF, and derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride. The derivatives were measured by selected ion monitoring relative to deuterium-labeled internal standards. A detection limit as low as 0.5, 0.8, and 1.5 ppt for BZ, ABZ, and DABZ, respectively, can easily be achieved. Urinary concentrations of ABZ substantially exceed those of either BZ or of DABZ in workers exposed to BZ or BZ-based dyes. This method has been successfully used to measure BZ, ABZ, and DABZ in 1.0-ml urine samples collected from workers involved in manufacturing BZ and BZ-based dyes. The method should be applicable to the measurement of other aromatic amines and their acetylated metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry Resource, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lakshmi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bhatnager
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zenser
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D001560:Benzidines / Q000032:analysis*; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000009:adverse effects; D003903:Deuterium; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000652:urine*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D001560:Benzidines; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; C029876:benzidine; D003903:Deuterium; C034938:N-acetylbenzidine