title: Resistance to antituberculosis drugs in Japan.
abstract: METHODS
  Five years after the last survey of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Japan, a serious new phenomenon has gradually begun to appear. A nationwide survey was conducted by the Tuberculosis Research Committee.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine resistance patterns to five anti-tuberculosis drugs and risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultures were obtained from patients hospitalized at 38 hospitals in various districts of Japan throughout 6 months, from 1 June through 30 November in 1992. Drug susceptibility testing was carried out in the national reference laboratory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance to one or more drugs was found in 5.6% of new cases and 27.8% of recurrent cases (P < 0.001). About 88% of drug resistant isolates from the new cases were resistant to one drug, while 50.8% of the drug resistant isolates from the recurrent cases had resistance to two or more drugs (P < 0.001). Resistance rates to both isoniazid and rifampin in new cases was very low (only 0.14%). Primary drug resistance rates were higher in age groups less than 60 years old, compared to those of 60 years and over (P = 0.05). Compared with the rate in Japanese patients, foreign-born individuals had a higher resistance rate in the recurrent cases (P = 0.034). This survey indicated a similar trend in resistance rates to five antituberculosis drugs to those of the last survey in 1987.
authors: Tuberculosis Research Committee, Japan.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hirano
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kazumi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Abe
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Mori
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Aoki
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Aoyagi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents