title: Blood manganese correlates with brain magnetic resonance imaging changes in patients with liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic liver failure is associated with high signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. These abnormalities are strikingly similar to those seen following manganese intoxication. As dietary manganese is normally cleared by the liver, we hypothesize that hepatic dysfunction could lead to manganese overload and account for the MRI abnormalities seen in patients with chronic liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured blood manganese concentrations in eleven patients with biopsy-proven hepatic cirrhosis and eleven healthy age and sex-matched controls. We also performed semi-quantitative measures of T1 signal abnormalities on MRI in the patients with chronic liver disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with cirrhosis had significantly higher blood manganese concentrations (20.6 +/- 10.2 mcg/L) than controls (7.2 +/- 2.7, p = .0013). In addition, semi-quantitative scores of T1-weighted signal hyperintensity on MRI correlated with blood manganese concentration in patients with cirrhosis (r = .65, p = .029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that chronic liver disease is associated with manganese overload and suggest that manganese is responsible for the T1-weighted signal hyperintensity seen on MRI of patients with liver disease. As manganese intoxication is known to cause parkinsonism and an encephalopathy similar to those which occur with chronic liver disease, it is possible that manganese toxicity contributes to the development of these symptoms in liver damaged patients and that therapies which prevent or reduce manganese overload may have clinical benefit.
authors: Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Hauser
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Zesiewicz
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Martinez
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Rosemurgy
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Olanow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese