title: Detection of transforming growth factor-beta in sputum from patients with bronchial asthma by eosinophil survival assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have shown that interleukin-5 (IL-5) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are present in sputum from patients experiencing acute asthma attacks, by eosinophil survival assay. The viability of guinea-pig eosinophils was significantly increased in the presence of such sputum extracts after 3 days' culture, and it was inhibited by the addition of anti-IL-5 and anti-GM-CSF antibodies. However, the contribution of IL-5 to the increase in eosinophil viability was less than expected from the values of IL-5 measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Therefore, we speculated that something in sputum inhibited the function of IL-5.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) was the only cytokine we tested that inhibited the prolongation of survival of guinea-pig eosinophils induced by IL-5. The objective of this study is to detect TGF-beta in the same sputum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guinea-pig eosinophils were cultured with or without anti-TGF-beta antibody in the presence of sputum extracts, and the eosinophil viability was counted after 3 days. Measurement of TGF-beta 1 in sputum was performed by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eosinophil viabilities with and without anti-TGF-beta antibody were 79.7 +/- 2.9% and 69.0 +/- 2.7%, respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05, n = 9). The concentration of TGF-beta 1 in the sputum was 21.7 +/- 3.3 ng/mL (n = 9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that TGF-beta is present in sputum from patients with bronchial asthma.
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kihara Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Adachi
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Motojima
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hirata
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Fukuda
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kihara
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Makino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013183:Sputum / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta