title: Short term effect of air pollution on mortality in Polish urban populations--what is different?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess, within the multinational European Community funded APHEA project, the relationship between daily ambient air pollution with sulphur dioxide (SO2) and black smoke (BS) and the daily number of deaths from all causes except external, from cardiovascular diseases, and from respiratory diseases taking into account several possible confounding factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time series analysis with the application of Poisson regression to the counts of daily number of deaths from selected causes over several years. Data were obtained from the computer files of individual death records in four Polish cities. Criteria developed for all the centres participating in the project were applied to the process of model building.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four Polish cities - Cracow (period 1977-89), Lodz (1977-90), Poznan (1983-90), and Wroclaw (1979-89).
  
  
  METHODS
  Permanent residents of the cities who died in a city of residence or in a surrounding region during the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant positive associations between mortality from all causes excluding external ones and SO2 and BS in Cracow and in Lodz and between mortality from cardiovascular diseases and SO2 in Cracow alone. In other cities the association was either non-significant or significant but in the opposite direction. No significant positive association was found between respiratory deaths and these pollutants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short term effect of air pollution on mortality in Polish urban population cannot be ignored. However, differences observed between the cities suggest that the association may be not so straightforward and therefore there is a need of further studies to identify additional factors that may modify and confound the association.
authors: Department of Medical Statistics, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Wojtyniak
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Piekarski
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000401:mortality*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide