title: Slowing of relaxation and [Ca2+]i during prolonged tetanic stimulation of single fibres from Xenopus skeletal muscle.
abstract: 1. Parvalbumin (PA) has been proposed to take up Ca2+ and enhance skeletal muscle relaxation in brief contractions; as the duration of the contraction is increased, PA will become saturated with Ca2+ and no longer contribute to relaxation which therefore will be slowed. The rate of Ca2+ loading of PA is determined by the Mg2+ off rate (about 4 s-1 at 22 degrees C). In the present study we produced prolonged tetani in intact, single fibres of Xenopus frogs while measuring force and the free myoplasmic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) with indo-1. 2. Mean rate constants of slowing of force relaxation with increasing tetanus duration ranged between 3.2 and 4.8 s-1, thus, similar to the Mg2+ off rate of PA. 3. The amplitude of the tail of [Ca2+]i after tetani increased with tetanus duration. This increase developed with a rate constant similar to the Mg2+ off rate of PA 4. Steady-state force-[Ca2+]i curves were produced from tetani of various frequencies and tetani produced when force was depressed after fatiguing stimulation. These curves were used to convert [Ca2+]i records into Ca(2+)-derived force. Relaxation of Ca(2+)-derived force was slowed following a time course similar to that of real force. The lag between Ca(2+)-derived and real force during relaxation was not affected by tetanus duration. 5. Tails of elevated [Ca2+]i after tetani were used to analyse the function of the SR Ca2+ pumps. This analysis showed a marked decline in the rate of Ca2+ uptake with prolonged tetani. 6. In conclusion, in Xenopus fibres the slowing of relaxation with increasing tetanus duration can be explained by altered Ca2+ handling due to PA Ca2+ loading and impaired SR Ca2+ uptake. This contrasts to our previous results in mouse fibres and the difference can be explained by a markedly lower rate of SR Ca2+ uptake resulting in higher tetanic [Ca2+]i in Xenopus fibres.
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Westerblad
authors: D G
authors: DG
authors: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007700:Kinetics; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D010320:Parvalbumins; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium