title: Recurrent outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis infections in a Texas restaurant: phage type 4 arrives in the United States.
abstract: In recent years infection caused by Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) phage type 4 has spread through Europe but has been uncommon in the USA. The first recognized outbreak of this strain in the USA occurred in a Chinese restaurant in EI Paso, Texas, in April 1993; no source was identified. In September 1993, a second outbreak caused by SE phage type 4 was associated with the same restaurant. To determine the cause of the second outbreak, we compared food exposures of the 19 patients with that of two control groups. Egg rolls were the only item significantly associated with illness in both analyses (first control group: odds ratio [OR] 8.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3-31.6; second control group: OR 13.1, 95% CI 2.1-97.0). Retrospective analysis of the April outbreak also implicated egg rolls (OR 32.4, 95% CI 9.1-126.6). Egg roll batter was made from pooled shell eggs and was left at room temperature throughout the day. These two outbreaks of SE phage type 4 likely could have been prevented by using pasteurized eggs and safe food preparation practices.
authors: Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors: T G
authors: TG
authors: Boyce
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Koo
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Swerdlow
authors: T M
authors: TM
authors: Gomez
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Serrano
authors: L N
authors: LN
authors: Nickey
authors: F W
authors: FW
authors: Hickman-Brenner
authors: G B
authors: GB
authors: Malcolm
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012147:Restaurants / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000145:classification; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology