Children with cancer: the pain experience away from the health care setting.
Relatively little is known about the nature of pain in children with cancer away from the health care setting. Accordingly, this pilot study focused on the pain experience in this group. A purposive sample of 20 children, ages 4 through 16 years, with any type of cancer, was obtained. A semistructured interview including the Poker Chip Tool and Preschool Body Outline (ages 4 to 7 years) or the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (age 8 to 16 years) was administered to all the children once during a clinic appointment. Supplemental parental input was sought during the interview. Two of the children also were contacted every 2 weeks for 3 months. Content analysis indicated that the children experienced pain in a number of locations, most frequently the "stomach", joints, legs, and back. Pain intensity varied widely. The source of pain identified most often was chemotherapy. The most common pain management strategies mentioned were rest/sleep, analgesics, rubbing, distraction, social support, and heat. Clearly, children with cancer away from the health care setting do have pain. Assessment of pain in children with cancer regardless of setting is a necessity.
Bossert
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EA
School of Nursing, Loma Linda University, CA 92350, USA.
Van Cleve
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Savedra
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MC
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects