title: The radiological management of biliary complications following liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biliary complications contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in the liver transplant recipient. Surgery has been the mainstay of therapy, but interventional radiological techniques have made significant progress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) was performed in 12 patients; percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD) was performed in 10 patients. Additional interventional procedures included laser lithotripsy, biopsy, dilatation, and stent implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 6 patients PTC revealed anastomotic, and in 6 patients nonanastomotic biliary strictures. Four patients had intrahepatic stones. Biliary strictures were treated by implantation of Palmaz stents in 5 of 6 patients with anastomotic strictures, and in 3 of 6 patients with nonanastomotic strictures. The intrahepatic stones were fragmented with dye laser lithotripsy under cholangioscopic control in 3 of 4 patients. One spontaneous stent migration after 24 months and one stent occlusion were observed; the remaining stents are still patent. Patients with anastomotic strictures had a more favorable outcome: 5 of 6 of these patients are still alive and symptom-free after an average of 27.4 months, but only 3 of 6 patients with nonanastomotic strictures are alive after an average of 9.8 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The different outcomes in patients with anastomotic versus nonanastomotic strictures may be explained by the different causes of these types of stricture.
authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Ulm, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rieber
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Brambs
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Lauchart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D002404:Catheterization; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015607:Stents