title: Safety and tolerance of multiple doses of intramuscular fosphenytoin substituted for oral phenytoin in epilepsy or neurosurgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of fosphenytoin sodium, a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug, were investigated after a temporary substitution of intramuscular fosphenytoin for oral phenytoin sodium in 240 epileptic or neurosurgical patients taking oral phenytoin sodium (100-500 mg/d).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 parallel groups. During screening and follow-up, patients were maintained on a regimen of oral phenytoin at an individualized dose. During treatment, the phenytoin-treated patients received intramuscular placebo and their prescribed dose of oral phenytoin; the fosphenytoin-treated patients received oral placebo and intramuscular fosphenytoin equimolar to their phenytoin dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups had similar types and frequencies of mild to moderate adverse events. Fosphenytoin was as well tolerated as intramuscular placebo at the injection site. Intramuscular fosphenytoin equimolar to a patient's oral phenytoin dose produced equal or greater plasma phenytoin concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dosing adjustments are not required when intramuscular fosphenytoin is temporarily substituted or oral phenytoin therapy is resumed. Intramuscular fosphenytoin is a safe and well-tolerated alternative to oral phenytoin when oral administration is not feasible.
authors: Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Fla, USA.
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Wilder
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Campbell
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Ramsay
authors: W R
authors: WR
authors: Garnett
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Pellock
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Henkin
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Kugler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009493:Neurosurgery; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010672:Phenytoin; C043114:fosphenytoin