title: Management of choledocholithiasis during pregnancy: a new protocol in the laparoscopic era.
abstract: The management of symptomatic cholelithiasis during pregnancy remains a serious and difficult problem. This condition may be further complicated by the presence of common bile duct stones (CBDS). Two cases of CBDS in pregnancy are presented. During the period from August 1990 to June 1994, 1127 consecutive patients underwent LC by a single surgical team. Two (0.2%) of these patients were pregnant and both were found to have choledocholithiasis. One patient's stones were lavaged into the duodenum via the cystic duct and the other patient had transcystic choledochoscopy and transcystic duct tube drainage. The patients were discharged from the hospital on postoperative days 4 and 6, respectively. There were no complications and both successfully carried their pregnancies to term. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with transcystic common bile duct exploration (TCDE) was advantageous in both patients. Neither patient required an abdominal incision or choledochotomy. Laparoscopic TCDE with or without cystic tube drainage is a viable option in the management of CBDS in the pregnant patient.
authors: Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, San Diego, California 92134, USA.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Liberman
authors: E H
authors: EH
authors: Phillips
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Carroll
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Fallas
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation