title: Structural similarities among malaria toxins insulin second messengers, and bacterial endotoxin.
abstract: Malaria toxin causes hypoglycemia and induction of tumor necrosis factor. Extracts of parasitized erythrocytes which were coeluted and copurified with one of the two subtypes of mammalian insulin-mimetic inositolphosphoglycans similarly induced fibroblast proliferation in the absence of serum. In addition, induction of tumor necrosis factor in macrophages by malaria toxin and by lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli was enhanced by pretreatment of these toxins with alpha-galactosidase. Thus, parasitized erythrocytes contain both soluble inositolphosphoglycan-like insulin second messengers and endotoxin-like lipidic molecules.
authors: Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Molecular Pathology, University College London Medical School, United Kingdom.
authors: H N
authors: HN
authors: Caro
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Sheikh
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Taverne
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Playfair
authors: T W
authors: TW
authors: Rademacher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D007294:Inositol; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D007328:Insulin; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C028039:inositol phosphate glycan; D007294:Inositol