title: Laryngeal and pharyngeal dysfunction in horses homozygous for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate histories, clinical signs, and laboratory data of 69 horses homozygous by DNA testing for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HPP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  69 of 189 horses testing homozygous for HPP between October 1992 and November 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires addressing signalment, training regimes, medical history, and current status of affected horses were sent to owners, trainers, or attending veterinarians. Data from completed questionnaires were tabulated and evaluated, using descriptive statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine (37%) of 189 questionnaires were completed and returned. Clinical episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis varied in severity and frequency from mild muscle fasciculations to recumbency and death. Sixty-three of 68 HPP-affected horses were reported to have had stridor associated with exercise, excitement, stress, or episodes of muscle paralysis. Common endoscopic findings in affected horses included pharyngeal collapse, pharyngeal edema, laryngopalatal dislocation, and laryngeal paralysis. Twelve of 27 horses receiving acetazolamide had decreases in stridor while receiving medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most horses testing homozygous for HPP had clinical signs associated with pharyngeal and laryngeal dysfunction. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis should be included on a differential list for horses examined for signs of laryngeal or pharyngeal dysfunction or stridor. Treatment with acetazolamide may help to control respiratory tract signs associated with this disease.
authors: Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Carr
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Spier
authors: G D
authors: GD
authors: Kortz
authors: E P
authors: EP
authors: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004576:Electromyography / Q000662:veterinary; D006720:Homozygote; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D007830:Larynx / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010245:Paralyses, Familial Periodic / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017354:Point Mutation; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D015222:Sodium Channels