title: Retinal findings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria.
abstract: The pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is poorly understood. Direct and indirect ophthalmoscope examinations of 141 Malawian children with strictly defined cerebral malaria revealed 2 distinct and prognostically significant findings: papilloedema and extramacular retinal oedema. The relative risk of death in patients with papilloedema was 6.7 times that in patients without papilloedema. Extramacular retinal oedema was associated with a 2.9 fold increase in the relative risk of dying. The mortality rate in patients with neither of these signs was only 1.3% compared to an overall mortality rate of 9.2%. The clinical and laboratory features associated with each of these ophthalmological findings were different, suggesting that there may be at least 2 different pathogenetic processes in patients with cerebral malaria.
authors: International Eye Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lewallen
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Bakker
authors: T E
authors: TE
authors: Taylor
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Wills
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Courtright
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Molyneux
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001831:Body Temperature; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004487:Edema / Q000150:complications; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016779:Malaria, Cerebral / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D010211:Papilledema / Q000150:complications; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose