title: Acute and chronic effects of morphine in pigeons responding under a progressive-ratio schedule of food delivery.
abstract: Although progressive-ratio schedules have often been used by behavioral pharmacologists to index the relative reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse, they have been ignored in the study of tolerance to opioids. The present study examined tolerance to morphine in pigeons responding under a progressive-ratio 5 schedule of food delivery. Acute administrations of morphine produced general dose-dependent reductions in response rates and breaking points. Dose-response curves for both measures shifted rightward substantially (roughly fivefold) following chronic (daily) exposure to morphine, indicating that tolerance developed to the drug's effects.
authors: Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo 49008, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Poling
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lesage
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Roe
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D010856:Columbidae; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005502:Food; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012201:Reward; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D009020:Morphine