title: Effect of intraarticular pressure on patellar position. Computed tomography study in cadaveric specimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of articular fluid distention on patellar position at different degrees of knee angulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patellar position in 10 cadaveric knee specimens was determined with 30, 100, and 200 mm Hg joint distention at 45, 20, and 5 degrees of knee flexion using computed tomography. Patellar tilting and lateromedial and anteroposterior displacement of the patellar position were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lateral tilting increased with greater articular distention and decreasing knee flexion. At 5 degrees of flexion and 200 mm Hg of distention, change in lateral tilting ranged from -7 to +5 degrees. At 45 degrees of flexion and increased distention, the patellar shift ranged from 6 mm medialization to 1 mm lateralization for 200 mm Hg, but the patellar position was more variable at 5 degrees of flexion with increasing intraarticular pressure (range 7 mm medialization to 8 mm lateralization). With increasing articular pressure the patellae were increasingly displaced anteriorly with the most pressure-dependent changes at 45 and 20 degrees of knee flexion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluid distentions of the knee joint have unpredictable and varying effects on the patellar position and vary considerably among persons. When judging patellar position during arthroscopy and in patients with large joint effusions, the arthroscopist and radiologist should be aware of these effects.
authors: Klinik fuer Radiologische Diagnostik, Universitat Kiel, Germany.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Brossmann
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Koch
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Schwarzenberg
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Link
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Muhle
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Bull
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Heller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010329:Patella / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011312:Pressure; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods