Prototype instruments for endoscopic microsurgery: technical note.
The authors describe a concept of converting microsurgical instruments into endoscopes and demonstrate prototype devices. These instruments combine the benefits of microsurgery (multiple instruments, tactile feedback, bimanual manipulation, magnification) with those of endoscopy (minimally invasiveness, indirect line of vision).
Haines
S
S
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Camarata
P
P
Finn
M
M
Poss
T
T
D000818:Animals; D019723:Endoscopes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D013525:Surgical Instruments