title: Impact of a smoking ban on a locked psychiatric unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study prospectively evaluated the impact of a complete smoking ban on a locked psychiatric unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  The setting was a 16-bed inpatient unit with 83% (134/162) involuntary patients, no off-unit smoking area, no possibility of granting smoking passes, and a mean length of stay of 2 weeks. The effect of a complete smoking ban was measured by surveys of both staff and patients before and after the ban. In addition, objective indicators of ward disruption were measured, including rates of aggression, use of p.r.n. medications, need for seclusion and restraints, elopement, and discharges against medical advice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although staff initially expressed concern about the ban's potential negative impact, after it began, t tests revealed that staff were significantly (p < .05) less concerned about patients' needing more medication, becoming restless, being too fragile to cope with withdrawal, leaving the unit against medical advice, or trying to elope. Staff were significantly (p < .02) more positive about the ban than were patients. Although patients, overall, had negative views toward the new policy, their opinions were somewhat less negative after its implementation. Rates of assaultive behavior, use of seclusion and restraints, use of p.r.n. medication, and against-medical-advice or elopement discharges did not change after the ban was in effect. When polled, 78% (40/51) of the staff voted to keep the ban.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that staff anticipated negative consequences to a total smoking ban; however, their attitudes changed after it began. The ban had no significant impact on the ward milieu, and although patients were not in favor of it, they felt less negative over time.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Haller
authors: D E
authors: DE
authors: McNiel
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Binder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003134:Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders; D005260:Female; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016312:Treatment Refusal