E2A basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors are negatively regulated by serum growth factors and by the Id3 protein.
Id3, a member of the Id multigene family of dominant negative helix-loop-helix transcription factors, is induced sharply in murine fibroblasts by serum growth factors. To identify relevant targets of Id3 activity, the yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify proteins that dimerize with Id3. Four murine cDNAs were identified in the screen, all of which encode helix-loop-helix proteins: E12, E47, ALF1 and Id4. Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirm that Id3 interacts with E12, E47 and two alternative splice products of ALF1 in vitro. Id3 disrupts DNA binding by these proteins in vitro and blocks transcriptional activation by these factors in cultured murine cells. Additionally, Id3 shows evidence of interacting with the related proteins E2-2 and MyoD, but not c-Myc. These results suggest that Id3 can function as a general negative regulator of the basic-helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors exemplified by the 'E' proteins and MyoD. Although it was previously suspected that E2A is constitutively expressed, our data indicate that E2A is induced in quiescent fibroblasts, by growth factor withdrawal but not by contact inhibition of cell proliferation. These observations extend the role of Id3 in the functional antagonism of E2A-class transcription factors, and suggest that E2A proteins may mediate growth inhibition.
Loveys
D A
DA
Division of Pediatric Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Streiff
M B
MB
Kato
G J
GJ
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002455:Cell Division; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D006801:Humans; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011485:Protein Binding; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins; D017570:MyoD Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; C544912:TCF7L1 protein, human; C489532:Tcf12 protein, mouse; C544913:Tcf7l1 protein, mouse; C073366:TCF12 protein, human; C075640:ID3 protein, human