title: Neurotoxicity of subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study investigated possible neurotoxic effects of increasing concentrations and doses of bupivacaine administered into the subarachnoid space in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty animals were allocated to five experimental groups: G1, control; G2, 5 mg 0.5 bupivacaine in 10% glucose solution; G3, 10 mg of 1% bupivacaine in 10% glucose solution; G4, 20 mg 2% bupivacaine in 10% glucose solution, and G5, 20 mg 2% bupivacaine in water. After 72 hours of observation, the animals were killed and the spinal cords removed for histologic examination by light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the animals showed any neurologic clinical disturbance following recovery from spinal anesthesia. One case of necrosis of nerve tissue was observed in G3 and four in G4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing concentrations and doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine solutions increased the incidence of nerve tissue damage, which did not occur with hypobaric solutions. These results should contribute to the further understanding of neurologic complications following spinal anesthesia when large doses of local anesthetics in hyperbaric solutions are used.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Ganem
authors: P T
authors: PT
authors: Vianna
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Marques
authors: Y M
authors: YM
authors: Castiglia
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Vane
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013346:Subarachnoid Space
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine