title: Prevalence of lipohypertrophy in insulin-treated diabetic patients and predisposing factors.
abstract: In a cross-sectional study the frequency of insulin-induced lipohypertrophy at injection sites was assessed in 223 type 1 and 56 type 2 diabetic patients. 64 (28.7%) of the subjects with type 1 diabetes, but only 2 (3.6%) of those with type 2 diabetes presented clinical evidence of lipohypertrophy. In every second affected type 1 diabetic patient lipohypertrophy developed within 2 years after starting insulin therapy. The occurrence of lipohypertrophy was independent of the insulin source and mode of therapy. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis young age, low body mass index, abdominal injection site and, particularly, missing rotation of injection site were significant independent risk factors for the presence of insulin-induced lipohypertrophy. Avoidance of such areas led to a partial or full remission of tissue swellings in 6 of 11 cases under observation for one year. In conclusion, lipohypertrophy is still a frequent complication of insulin therapy. To prevent such local skin reactions insulin-treated patients should be more intensively trained to regularly change injection sites.
authors: Diabetes Research Institute, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hauner
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Stockamp
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Haastert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin