title: Phonosurgery.
abstract: Phonosurgery is composed of procedures that are intended to maintain or improve the quality of the voice by correcting defects in laryngeal sound production. These procedures are rooted in a rich medical history that dates back to the early 19th century. There has been a recent convergence of physiologic principles of voice production with surgical technique theory. Recognition of this interdependence has provided a catalyst for collaboration among surgeons, scientists, speech pathologists, vocal pedagogists, and performing artists. We live in a society that is linked to effective communication, and there is a growing population of individuals who have professional voice responsibilities as part of everyday life. This has created a need for the recent developments in phonosurgery and its emergence as a subspecialty of otolaryngology.
authors: Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Kieff
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Zeitels
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D007823:Laryngeal Nerves / Q000601:surgery; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000266:history; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000601:surgery; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D014833:Voice Quality
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins