title: Medium-term effects of betaxolol monotherapy and combination therapy with nitrendipine on lipoprotein and apolipoprotein metabolism in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the medium-term effects of betaxolol, a long-acting, lipid-soluble, cardioselective, beta-adrenergic antagonist, alone and in combination with nitrendipine on blood pressure (BP) and metabolism of lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Forty-seven patients (21 men, 26 women, average age 54 years) participated in an open controlled clinical trial. After a 4-week washout period, all of the patients received betaxolol monotherapy at a dose of 5-10 mg daily for 6 months (Phase I). From month 7 through month 12 (Phase II), half of the total patients (Group B, n = 23) with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 95 mm Hg or more at the end of Phase I were also given nitrendipine (10-20 mg, once daily), while the remaining patients (Group A, n = 24) continued to receive only betaxolol. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and heart rate (HR) were monitored once monthly. Serum lipid profiles were measured at study entry and after 6 and 12 months of therapy. Betaxolol significantly reduced SBP, DBP, and HR in both groups during Phase I, and the reductions in SBP and DBP were markedly less in Group B than in Group A. During Phase II, the additional reduction of SBP and DBP to levels similar to those in Group A was achieved by betaxolol in combination with nitrendipine, and HR was slightly but significantly increased. Betaxolol monotherapy reduced serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased levels of triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo) C-II and apo C-III. Combination therapy with betaxolol and nitrendipine increased serum apo A-I but did not affect other lipid profiles. Our results indicate that betaxolol is an effective antihypertensive drug which has a preferable effect on HR and HDL profiles when combined with nitrendipine.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Saku
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Okamoto
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Takeda
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Liu
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Jimi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015784:Betaxolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009568:Nitrendipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D008074:Lipoproteins; D009568:Nitrendipine; D015784:Betaxolol