title: Porcine gastroepiploic artery as an in vitro experimental model to study vasodilators in microsurgery.
abstract: Arterial vasospasm is a common problem in microsurgery. This pharmacological study compares seven vasodilators-lidocaine, papaverine, nicardipine, verapamil, diltiazem, sodium nitroprusside, and hydralazine-for their efficacy and potency in an experimental model of vasospasm. Porcine gastroepiploic arteries were cut into rings to measure isometric tension development in vitro. The arteries were preconstricted with endothelin-1, a stable thromboxane A2 analogue, norepinephrine, or potassium, and then exposed to increasing concentrations of each vasodilator. Every vasodilator except hydralazine and sodium nitroprusside was efficacious in producing near-maximal relaxation of arteries preconstricted with any vasospastic substance. The five efficacious vasodilators differed markedly in potency, as reflected in the concentrations producing half-maximal relaxation. The order of potency was nicardipine < or = verapamil or diltiazem < papaverine < lidocaine. This study suggests that nicardipine would be the most potent vasodilator for systemic or direct intra-arterial administration. Papaverine and lidocaine, in concentrations employed clinically, were both efficacious as topical vasodilators.
authors: Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Temple University Health Sciences Center, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Kim
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Chen
authors: V J
authors: VJ
authors: Perrotta
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Shuman
authors: W W
authors: WW
authors: Wendling
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Harakal
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mitra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008866:Microsurgery; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013035:Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014700:Verapamil; D009529:Nicardipine; D004110:Diltiazem