title: Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and tumour disposition of 8-chloroadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in breast cancer patients and xenograft bearing mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  8-Chloroadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP) is undergoing phase I clinical trials as an anticancer drug. However, there is debate as to whether it is a prodrug for its 8-Cl-adenosine metabolite.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and tumour disposition studies have been performed in 7 breast cancer patients receiving continuous infusion (28 day) 8-Cl-cAMP (0.54 or 1.08 mg/kg/day) and tumour biopsies were obtained before and on the last day of infusion. Parallel studies were performed in nude mice bearing the HT29 human colon cancer xenograft after continuous infusion (7 day) of active drug doses (50 or 100 mg/kg/day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Steady state plasma levels (Css) of 8-Cl-cAMP in patients ranged from 0.15-0.72 microM but 8-Cl-adenosine was not detected in plasma. In contrast, 8-Cl-cAMP was not detectable in 3 tumour biopsies but 8-Cl-adenosine was present in 2 samples at high concentrations (1.33 and 2.02 microM). In mice, Css of 8-Cl-cAMP ranged from 3.2-4.6 microM and 8-Cl adenosine was present in plasma only at the higher dose (100 mg/kg/day, peak concentration of 2.3 microM). In the HT29 xenograft, 8-Cl-cAMP levels were considerably lower than in plasma (0.37-1.22 microM) while 8-Cl-adenosine was present at 5.3-21.0 microM and 8-Cl-AMP was found at 11.3-35.7 microM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fate of 8-Cl-cAMP in human tumours is characterised by extensive metabolism to products which are not generally observed in plasma. These data raise the possibility that 8-Cl-cAMP is a prodrug for a product of its metabolism in human tumours.
authors: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Cummings
authors: S P
authors: SP
authors: Langdon
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Ritchie
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Burns
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Mackay
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Stockman
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Leonard
authors: W R
authors: WR
authors: Miller
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011355:Prodrugs; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; C044258:8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate