title: Extensive lymph node clearance for cancer of the esophagus or cardia: merits and limits in reference to 5-year absolute survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluates both merits and limits of extensive lymph node clearance in the mediastinum and upper abdomen on patients operated on more than 5 years ago.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-four esophageal cancer patients underwent subtotal (n = 97) or distal (n = 47) esophageal resection more than 5 years ago. Twenty-six patients operated on in a curative attempt were given radiotherapy (n = 14) or radiochemotherapy (n = 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Esophagectomy with extensive lymph node clearance was feasible in 102 of the 144 patients (70.8%). In-hospital mortality was 1.4%. Thirty-six patients lived more than 5 years, ie. 25% of all the esophagectomized patients and 35.3% (36/102) of those who were operated on in a curative attempt. Five-year absolute survival was 38.4% after combined therapy v.s. 34.2% after surgery alone (p > 0.05). In the latter instance, it was 57.1% for those patients with normal lymph nodes v.s. 14.6% for those with metastatic lymph nodes, and it was 64% for those with non-transmural tumors v.s. 19.6% for those with transmural tumors. One half of those patients who were not given adjuvant therapy following esophagectomy with extensive lymph node clearance died of neoplastic spread, namely distant metastases (27.6%), cervical spread (3.9%), and local recurrence (10.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esophagectomy with extensive lymph node clearance is not feasible in 30% of the patients in whom it is attempted, and it does not prevent further neoplastic spread in one half of those in whom it is feasible. It is capable of curing 15 to 20% of those patients with locally advanced neoplasms and shelters 90% of the patients from local recurrence.
authors: Department of Surgery, Louvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Collard
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Otte
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Reynaert
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Michel
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Malaise
authors: B G
authors: BG
authors: Lengele
authors: B P
authors: BP
authors: Hermans
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Kestens
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate