title: Telemeterized load measurement using instrumented spinal internal fixators in a patient with degenerative instability.
abstract: METHODS
  In the present study, the loads in an internal spinal fixation device were measured in vivo.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the implant loads for different activities before and after additional anterior stabilization of the spine.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mathematical models exist for predicting spinal loads. The intradiscal pressure has been measured for many body positions and activities. The loads on internal spinal fixation devices have not been measured before in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telemeterized AO spinal internal fixators were implanted in a patient with degenerative instability. The implants allow the in vivo measurement of three force components and three moments acting in the implant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the patient was lying in relaxed positions, the implant loads were small. Before additional anterior stabilization, the loads were also small for sitting, standing, and walking. The bending moment in the sagittal plane was less than 3 Nm for these activities. The highest loads within the first 4 weeks after implantation were measured while the patient turned from a supine to a lateral position against the advice of the physiotherapist. After anterior stabilization, the maximum loads for the relaxed lying positions were altered only slightly. Much higher axial forces and bending moments were measured for sitting, standing, and walking. The maximum bending moment increased to 5-8 Nm for these activities. The implant loads for sitting were not higher than for standing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flexion and lateral bending of the upper body and weight-carrying during sitting, standing, or walking should be avoided in the first few months after anterior stabilization.
authors: Department of Biomechanics, Free University Berlin, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rohlmann
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bergmann
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Graichen
authors: H M
authors: HM
authors: Mayer
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013686:Telemetry; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology