title: The spectrum of brain MR abnormalities in sickle-cell disease: a report from the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the spectrum of abnormalities in sickle-cell disease, including infarction, atrophy, and hemorrhage, that are identified by brain MR imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  All MR studies included T1, T2, and intermediate pulse sequences. Images were interpreted without knowledge of the clinical history or neurologic examination findings. Brain MR imaging was performed in 312 children with sickle-cell disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy patients (22%) had infarction/ischemia and/or atrophy, infarction/ischemia was noted in 39 children (13%) who had no history of a stroke (the "silent" group). The prevalence rates for silent lesions were 17% for sickle-cell anemia and 3% for hemoglobin sickle-cell disease. For patients with sickle-cell anemia and a history of cerebrovascular accident, infarction/ischemia lesions typically involved both cortex and deep white matter, while silent lesions usually were confined to deep white matter. Within the age range studied, the prevalence of infarction/ischemia did not increase significantly with age, although older patients with lesions had more lesions than did younger patients with lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brain MR imaging showed infarction/ischemia in the absence of a recognized cerebrovascular accident in 13% of patients. The prevalence of these lesions did not increase significantly between the ages of 6 and 14 years, suggesting that lesions are present by age 6. However, the increase in the average number of lesions per patient with age may indicate progressive brain injury.
authors: Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif 90048, USA.
authors: F G
authors: FG
authors: Moser
authors: S T
authors: ST
authors: Miller
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Bello
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Pegelow
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Zimmerman
authors: W C
authors: WC
authors: Wang
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ohene-Frempong
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Schwartz
authors: E P
authors: EP
authors: Vichinsky
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Gallagher
authors: T R
authors: TR
authors: Kinney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D015995:Prevalence