title: Observation of metabolic changes in chronic schizophrenia after neuroleptic treatment by in vivo hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors investigate: (1) whether there is a lateral effect of hydrogen (1H) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy observable metabolite ratios between the right and the left prefrontal lobe in chronic schizophrenia; (2) whether there is a change of proton metabolite ratios in chronic schizophrenia after neuroleptic treatment; (3) whether there is a relation between changes in 1H MR spectra and the clinical assessment of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS); and (4) to investigate a hypofrontality hypothesis in schizophrenia in terms of neurochemical aspects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Localized in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy was used to measure the metabolite levels in the prefrontal lobes of control persons (n = 20) and of chronic patients before and after neuroleptic treatment (n = 34). The MR spectra of 8 cm3 voxels were compared with clinical assessment of BPRS in each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant metabolic lateral effect was established in both schizophrenia and control groups (P > 0.05). After neuroleptic treatment, chronic schizophrenic patients generally demonstrated a decrease of the complex of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) containing (GABA + Glu)/creatine (Cr) ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current follow-up 1H MR spectroscopy study shows a significant correlation between alterations of (GABA + Glu)/Cr ratio and BPRS, and supports a hypofrontality hypothesis in chronic schizophrenia. The reduction of (GABA + Glu)/Cr ratio after neuroleptic treatment may implicate the recovery of normal neuronal function in neurotransmitters. In vivo 1H MR spectroscopy may be a useful modality in follow-up evaluation of neuroleptic treatment in chronic schizophrenia.
authors: Department of Radiology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea.
authors: B Y
authors: BY
authors: Choe
authors: T S
authors: TS
authors: Suh
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Shinn
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Lee
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Lee
authors: I H
authors: IH
authors: Paik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D006859:Hydrogen; D003401:Creatine