title: Contrast media-associated nephrotoxicity.
abstract: Contrast media-associated nephrotoxicity continues to be a common cause of acute renal failure. We review recent developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this complication, focusing on the role of vasoactive substances which include adenosine, endothelium-derived relaxing factor, and endothelin. An overview of clinical features is presented with an emphasis on the value of low osmolar contrast media in azotemic patients. Prophylactic strategies are reviewed focusing on saline hydration alone, vasoactive pharmacological agents, theophylline, 'prophylactic hemodialysis', and possible differences in how these maneuvers affect diabetic and non-diabetic azotemic patients are discussed.
authors: Department of Medicine, Graduate Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146, USA.
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Rudnick
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Berns
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Cohen
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Goldfarb
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media