title: Gender does not affect the degree of induction of tirilazad clearance by phenobarbital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tirilazad mesylate is a membrane lipid peroxidation inhibitor being evaluated for the treatment of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH); phenobarbital may be administered to these patients for seizure prophylaxis. Therefore, the effect of phenobarbital on tirilazad mesylate pharmacokinetics was assessed in 15 healthy volunteers (7M, 8F).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects received 100 mg phenobarbital orally daily for 8 days in one phase of a two-way crossover study. In both phases, 1.5 mg.kg-1 tirilazed mesylate was administered (as a 10 minute IV infusion) every 6 hours for 29 doses. Three weeks separated study phases. Tirilazad mesylate and U-89678 (an active metabolite) in plasma were quantified by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phenobarbital had no effect on the first dose pharmacokinetics of tirilazad or U-89678. After the final dose, clearance for tirilazad was increased 25% in males and 29% in females receiving phenobarbital + tirilazad versus tirilazad mesylate alone. These differences were statistically significant, and the degree of induction was not significantly different between genders. AUC(zero)-6 for U-89678 after the last tirilazad mesylate dose was reduced 51% in males and 69% in females. The decreases were statistically significant, and there was no gender by treatment interaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that phenobarbital induces metabolism of tirilazad and U-89678 similarly in both men and women. Lower levels of tirilazad and U-89678 in SAH patients receiving phenobarbital may adversely impact clinical response.
authors: Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Fleishaker
authors: L K
authors: LK
authors: Pearson
authors: G R
authors: GR
authors: Peters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011281:Pregnatrienes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D011281:Pregnatrienes; C087053:U 89678; C053355:tirilazad; D010634:Phenobarbital