Biphasic transforming growth factor-beta production flanking the pro-inflammatory cytokine response in cerebral trauma.
We determined the time-course of the production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) after fluid-percussion injury using a bioassay. Biophasic production of TGF-beta composed mainly of TGF-beta 2 was detected in the ipsilateral cortex, with a first peak 30 min and a second peak 48 h after the lesion, flanking the transient production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 occurring between 5 and 18 h after trauma. This temporal pattern suggested that TGF-beta plays alternatively a pro- and anti-inflammatory role in the regulation of the brain cytokine network in response to injury, providing an endogenous mechanism for the control of the inflammatory reaction in traumatic brain injury.
Rimaniol
A C
AC
INSERM U25, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
Lekieffre
D
D
Serrano
A
A
Masson
A
A
Benavides
J
J
Zavala
F
F
D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha