title: Diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistulas with magnetic resonance angiography--demonstrating the draining veins utilizing 3-D time-of-flight and 3-D phase-contrast techniques.
abstract: This study assessed the ability to diagnose carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) non-invasively using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Both three-dimensional time-of-flight (3-D TOF) MRA and three-dimensional phase-contrast (3-D PC) MRA were compared with conventional cerebral angiography in nine patients with CCFs. CCFs were grouped according to Barrow's classification. In all cases, 3-D TOF MRA revealed an inferior petrosal sinus as a draining vein. 3-D PC MRA demonstrated a dilated and tortuous superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) and reflux of the SOV in seven patients. In conclusion, CCFs can be diagnosed with MRA alone by demonstrating the drainging veins.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Japan.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Ikawa
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Uozumi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kiya
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kurisu
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Arita
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sumida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000473:pathology; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology