title: Ketotifen in HIV-infected patients: effects on body weight and release of TNF-alpha.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is involved in the genesis of HIV-associated malnutrition. We performed an open-label trial on the effects of ketotifen, an in vitro inhibitor of TNF-alpha release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), on the nutritional status and TNF-alpha release of HIV-infected subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six HIV-infected subjects received oral ketotifen 4 mg per day for 84 days and were followed up for an additional 70-day period. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. TNF-alpha plasma levels, TNF-alpha release from PBMCs, and plasma concentration of soluble TNF receptors were measured repeatedly during the study and control period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During ketotifen intake, TNF-alpha release from stimulated PBMCs significantly decreased (68 vs 155 pg ml-1), but not TNF-alpha and soluble TNF receptor plasma concentrations. Subjects gained weight (+ 2.7 kg), whereas weight loss was observed after cessation of treatment (-1.6 kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketotifen inhibits TNF-alpha release from stimulated PBMCs and might thus be useful in the management of HIV-associated malnutrition.
authors: Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Hannover, Germany.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ockenga
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Rohde
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Süttmann
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Herbarth
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ballmaier
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Schedel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D019247:HIV Wasting Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007665:Ketotifen / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007665:Ketotifen