title: The proliferation index of MIB-1 as a prognostic factor for patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, several reports have shown that immunohistochemical analysis using MIB-1 antibody, which recognizes Ki-67 (a human nuclear antigen expressed of proliferating cells), is a useful method for determining the proliferative activity of various cancers. In this study, the authors evaluated the prognostic usefulness of the proliferation index using MIB-1 antibody in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proliferation activity was investigated immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibody MIB-1 in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues obtained from 67 specimens of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer. The MIB-1 proliferation index values were calculated from each sample as the percentage of positive nuclei expressed in tumor cells and the clinicopathologic correlation evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MIB-1 proliferation index values were correlated with prognostic parameters such as pathologic stage ( < or = pT1 vs. > or = pT2, P < 0.0005), histologic grade (G1 vs. G2, P < 0.01; G1 vs. G3, P < 0.0001; G2 vs. G3, P < 0.001), and prognosis (P < 0.0001). When patients were subgrouped using index values, patients with higher indices ( > or = 24%) had significantly poorer survival (P < 0.0001). This was especially observed in the G2 group, in which 9 of 10 patients in the higher indices subgroup had a high incidence of recurrence and died. In contrast, only 2 of 29 patients in the lower indices subgroup died. The higher indices subgroup had significantly worse cause specific survival (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, with regard to the muscle invasive tumors ( > or = pT2), the higher indices subgroup also had significantly worse cause specific survival (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the evaluation of prognostic parameters indicate that the MIB-1 proliferation index is a useful prognostic factor and may enhance the accuracy of conventional morphologic grading and pathologic staging systems.
authors: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Chowdhury
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kojima
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kanayama
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tsuji
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kurokawa
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kagawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D011379:Prognosis; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins