Time course of inhibition of cholinesterase and aliesterase activities, and nonprotein sulfhydryl levels following exposure to organophosphorus insecticides in mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis).
Cholinesterase (ChE) in brain and muscle was quickly inhibited during a 48-hr in vivo exposure to chlorpyrifos (0.1 ppm), parathion (0.15 ppm), and methyl parathion (8 ppm) in mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). ChE remained inhibited during a 96-hr nonexposure period. Brain ChE reached peak inhibition by 12 hr after exposure to parathion and chlorpyrifos and by 4 hr after exposure to methyl parathion. All insecticides caused greater than 70% ChE inhibition by 4 hr in muscle. There was no recovery of ChE after 4 days of nonexposure in either brain or muscle. Hepatic aliesterases (AliE) were quickly and greatly inhibited (> 70% by 4 hr) after exposure to parathion and chlorpyrifos but not after exposure to methyl parathion. Exposure to methyl parathion required 24-36 hr to inhibit hepatic AliE to the same level as that following parathion and chlorpyrifos exposures at 4 hr. Exposure to all insecticides eventually resulted in greater than 80% inhibition of AliE. None of the test groups treated with insecticides showed any signs of significant recovery of AliE during the 4 days of nonexposure. Nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) concentrations were lower than controls after 24 hr of exposure and 96 hr after recovery for all compounds. Exposure to methyl parathion lowered NPSH concentrations greater than the other compounds. Hepatic AliE appear capable of affording some protection of ChE from inhibition following parathion or chlorpyrifos exposures, but considerably less protection against methyl parathion.
Boone
J S
JS
Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi 39762, USA.
Chambers
J E
JE
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008743:Methyl Parathion / Q000633:toxicity; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D010278:Parathion / Q000633:toxicity; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D011506:Proteins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D008743:Methyl Parathion; D010278:Parathion; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D002802:Cholinesterases; D004390:Chlorpyrifos