title: Dopamine inhibits mammalian photoreceptor Na+,K+-ATPase activity via a selective effect on the alpha3 isozyme.
abstract: The rat retina contains dopaminergic interplexiform cells that send processes to the outer plexiform layer where dopamine is released in a light-dependent manner. We report herein that physiologically relevant concentrations of dopamine inhibited ouabain-sensitive photoreceptor oxygen consumption in dark- and light-adapted rat retinas and inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase specific activity (EC 3.6.1.37) in a rat rod outer-inner segment preparation. Experiments with the selective D1 agonist fenoldopam or D2 agonist quinpirole and experiments with dopamine plus either the D1 antagonist SCH23390 or D2/D4 antagonist clozapine showed that the inhibition of oxygen consumption and enzyme activity were mediated by D2/D4-like receptors. The amphetamine-induced release of dopamine, monitored by the inhibition of oxygen consumption, was blocked by L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid and kynurenic acid. Pharmacological and biochemical experiments determined that the IC50 values of ouabain for the alpha1-low and alpha3-high ouabain affinity isozymes of photoreceptor Na+,K+-ATPase were approximately 10(-5) and approximately 10(-7) M, respectively, and that the D2/D4-like mediated inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase was exclusively selective for the alpha3 isozyme. The dopamine-mediated inhibition of alpha3 first occurred at 5 nM, was maximal at 100 microM (-47%), had an IC50 value of 382 +/- 23 nM, and exhibited negative cooperativity (Hill coefficient, 0.27). Prior homogenization of the rod outer-inner segment completely prevented the long-lasting inhibition, suggesting that the effect was coupled to a second messenger. Although the physiological significance of our findings to photoreceptor function is unknown, we hypothesize that these results may have relevance for the temporal tuning properties of rods.
authors: College of Optometry, University of Houston, TX 77204-6052, USA.
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Shulman
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Fox
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003624:Darkness; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007736:Kynurenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D012374:Rod Cell Outer Segment / Q000201:enzymology*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D001552:Benzazepines; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010042:Ouabain; D000661:Amphetamine; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D007736:Kynurenic Acid; C012729:2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid; D003024:Clozapine; D004298:Dopamine