Structure of the native cysteine-sulfenic acid redox center of enterococcal NADH peroxidase refined at 2.8 A resolution.
In order to obtain the crystal structure of the flavoprotein NADH peroxidase with its native Cys42-sulfenic acid redox center, a strategy combining reduced exposure of crystals to ambient oxygen and data collection at -160 degrees C was applied. The structure of the native enzyme to 2.8 A resolution is described; these results conclusively establish the existence of the Cys42-sulfenic acid as the functional non-flavin redox center of the peroxidase and provide the first structure for any naturally occurring protein-sulfenic acid. The Cys42-sulfenic acid atoms C alpha-C beta-S gamma-O roughly define a planar arrangement which is stacked parallel to the si face of the FAD isoalloxazine and positions the sulfenyl oxygen atom only 3.3 A from FAD-C4A. His10-N epsilon 2 contributes a hydrogen bond to the sulfenic acid oxygen, at a distance of 3.2 A. Although one oxygen atom (OX1) of the non-native Cys42-sulfonic acid derivative identified in the earlier wild-type peroxidase structure was taken to represent the native Cys42-sulfenic acid oxygen [Stehle, T., Ahmed, S. A., Claiborne, A., & Schulz, G. E. (1991) J. Mol. Biol. 221, 1325-1344], this structure shows that the sulfenic acid oxygen does not occupy this position, nor is it hydrogen-bonded to Cys42-N as was OX1. Comparison of the native Cys42-sulfenic acid structure with that of two-electron reduced glutathione reductase provides an insight into the sulfenic acid FAD charge-transfer interaction observed with both wild-type and His10 mutant peroxidases. A model of the E.NADH intermediate recently observed in stopped-flow analyses of the enzyme [Crane, E. J., III, Parsonage, D., Poole, L. B., & Claiborne, A. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 14114-14124] has also been generated to assist in analyzing the chemical mechanism of sulfenic acid reduction.
Yeh
J I
JI
Department of Biological Structure, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7442, USA.
Claiborne
A
A
Hol
W G
WG
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray / Q000379:methods; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000201:enzymology*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D013434:Sulfenic Acids
D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013434:Sulfenic Acids; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D010544:Peroxidases; C021845:NAD+ peroxidase; C100870:cysteinesulfenic acid; D003545:Cysteine