title: An observer study for direct comparison of clinical efficacy of electronic to film portal images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To directly compare clinical efficacy of electronic to film portal images.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observer study was designed to compare clinical efficacy of electronic to film portal images acquired using a liquid matrix ion-chamber electronic portal imaging device and a conventional metal screen/film system. Both images were acquired simultaneously for each treatment port and the electronic portal images were printed on gray-level thermal paper. Four radiation oncologists served as observers and evaluated a total of 44 sets of images for four different treatment sites: lung, pelvis, brain, and head/neck. Each set of images included a simulation image, a double-exposure portal film, and video paper prints of electronic portal images. Eight to nine anatomical landmarks were selected from each treatment site. Each observer was asked to rate each landmark in terms of its clinical visibility and to rate the ease of making the pertinent verification decision in the corresponding electronic and film portal images with the aid of the simulation image.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ratings for the visibility of landmarks and for the verification decision of treatment ports were similar for electronic and film images for most landmarks. However, vertebral bodies and several landmarks in the pelvis such as the acetabulum and public symphysis were more visible in the portal film images than in the electronic portal images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The visibility of landmarks in electronic portal images is comparable to that in film portal images. Verification of treatment ports based only on electronic portal images acquired using an electronic portal imaging device is generally achievable.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Cancer Center, NY 14642, USA.
authors: F F
authors: FF
authors: Yin
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Rubin
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Schell
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Wynn
authors: R F
authors: RF
authors: Raubertas
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Uschold
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sandhu
authors: D F
authors: DF
authors: Nelson
mesh_terms: D015588:Observer Variation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*