title: Expression of tissue factor and interleukin-1 beta in a novel rabbit model of disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by carrageenan and lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: Thrombus formation and the sequential expression of tissue factor (TF), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) in several organs were examined immunohistochemically and morphometrically in a novel model of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed by modifying the generalized Shwartzman reaction (GSR) in rabbits. The new model [carrageenan (CA)-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] was induced by the administration of a priming dose of intraperitoneal CA, 10 mg/kg, followed 24 h later by a provocative dose of LPS 25 micrograms/kg, while GSR was induced by the intravenous injection of two doses of LPS 25 micrograms/kg. CA was detected predominantly within macrophages in the spleen and liver. Fibrin thrombi were formed as early as 1 h after the second LPS treatment in all examined organs reaching a peak at 3-9 h and their prevalence was higher in the CA-LPS group (p < 0.05). The sequential expressions of TF and IL-1 beta correlated well with each other in both groups reaching a peak at 3-9 h with the CA-LPS group showing a more pronounced expression than the GSR group. Macrophages in the liver, spleen and lungs, and Bowman's epithelial cells expressed both proteins, while IL-1 beta was also expressed by endothelial and epithelial cells. IL-1 ra was expressed by the same cells expressing IL-1 beta, however, its expression continued to increase gradually over 24 h. The mortality rate was lower (p < 0.05) and neutrophilic sequestration less prominent in the CA-LPS group than in the GSR group. These findings indicate that CA efficiently replaced the priming LPS treatment and the consequently enhanced production of IL-1 beta may have resulted in the upregulation of TF expression leading to the high level of thrombi in this new model which may provide a tool for further studies on the role of cytokines in DIC.
authors: First Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Y A
authors: YA
authors: Elsayed
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nakagawa
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ichikawa
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ohkawara
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Sueishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D012790:Shwartzman Phenomenon; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D002351:Carrageenan; D013925:Thromboplastin