title: Cytokines and antibody subclass associated with protective immunity against blood-stage malaria in mice vaccinated with the C terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 plus a novel adjuvant.
abstract: A blood-stage malaria antigen comprising the C terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 fused to glutathione S-transferase, combined with an adjuvant formulation containing squalane, Tween 80, and pluronic L121 (AF), administered subcutaneously protected mice against death from a lethal Plasmodium yoelii infection. The protection induced by this antigen-adjuvant combination was compared with that induced by the antigen plus saponin in terms of survival from the lethal infection and clearance of parasitemia. The levels of gamma interferon and interleukin-4 in spleens were measured as indicators of Th1 and Th2 cell activation, and antibody classes and subclasses were determined by immunofluorescence. With a 10-micrograms dose of antigen and AF as adjuvant, all mice recovered, but with saponin as the adjuvant, there were only a few survivors. With 30 micrograms of antigen plus AF, the peak parasitemias were 10-fold lower than those with 10 micrograms; with saponin, survival was slightly improved. The levels of both gamma interferon and interleukin-4 rose more rapidly and to higher levels with AF as the adjuvant than with saponin, and the same was true for immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgG2b subclasses. Thus, in terms of both cytokine production and antibody levels, AF is a more potent adjuvant for a malaria vaccine than is saponin.
authors: Department of Immunology, University College London Medical School, United Kingdom.
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: De Souza
authors: I T
authors: IT
authors: Ling
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Ogun
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Holder
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Playfair
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D006579:Heterozygote; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D010967:Plasmodium yoelii / Q000276:immunology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000276:immunology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1; D010455:Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D015800:Protozoan Proteins