title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of triamcinolone acetonide after intravenous, oral, and inhaled administration.
abstract: Triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) is a corticosteroid that is frequently used in the treatment of asthma. After inhalation, TCA can become systemically available when the inhaled formulation is swallowed, causing undesirable systemic effects. A clinical study was conducted to determine the systemic side effects of TCA after intravenous (2 mg as phosphate ester), oral (5 mg), and inhaled (2 mg) administration. Blood samples were collected at appropriate times over 24 hours, and TCA concentrations in plasma were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Free drug concentrations were determined by ultrafiltration for correlating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The free fraction of TCA (+/- standard deviation) was 29.0 +/- 1.3% and was independent of the investigated concentration range up to 1,000 ng/mL. Pharmacodynamic parameters were determined by monitoring lymphocytes, granulocytes, and cortisol. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling was performed using a modified Emax model for lymphocytes and granulocytes. A novel linear release rate model was used to characterize the cortisol data. The E50 values determined from all three pharmacodynamic endpoints were not significantly different for the three treatments, indicating that these effects can be explained based on systemic steroid concentrations.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rohatagi
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Hochhaus
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Mollmann
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Barth
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Galia
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Erdmann
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Sourgens
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Derendorf
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011485:Protein Binding; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide