Efficacy of a quadrivalent rhesus rotavirus-based human rotavirus vaccine aimed at preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea in infants and young children.
The most extensively explored strategy for rotavirus vaccination has been the Jennerian approach, which uses an antigenically related rotavirus strain from an animal host as the immunogen to induce protection against the 4 epidemiologically important group A rotavirus VP7 serotypes. Because this approach has shown limited efficacy, a modified Jennerian approach was developed with the goal of achieving broader antigenic coverage. Four VP7 serotypes were incorporated into a quadrivalent vaccine comprised of three rhesus-human rotavirus reassortants, each with 10 rhesus rotavirus genes and 1 human rotavirus gene that encodes VP7 serotype 1, 2, or 4 specificity; the rhesus rotavirus itself provides coverage for VP7 serotype 3. This approach appears quite promising for preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea, including those episodes that lead to dehydration. Additional strategies under development stress the role not only of human rotavirus VP7 but also of human rotavirus VP4, the other outer capsid protein that also induces neutralizing antibodies.
Kapikian
A Z
AZ
Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Hoshino
Y
Y
Chanock
R M
RM
Pérez-Schael
I
I
D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D002213:Capsid / Q000276:immunology; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; C050779:VP7 protein, Rotavirus; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C052014:rhesus rotavirus vaccine