title: Oil of bitter orange: new topical antifungal agent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Superficial dermatophyte infection is one of the most common dermatologic diseases. Some of these infections are extremely resistant to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients participated in this study; they were classified into three groups (20 patients in each). All groups had comparable numbers of patients with tinea corporis, cruris, and pedis. Group 1 was treated with a 25% emulsion of oil of bitter orange (OBO) three times daily; group 2 was treated with 20% OBO in alcohol three times daily and group 3 was treated with pure OBO, once daily. Clinical and mycologic examinations were performed before therapy and every week until a complete cure had occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, 80% of patients were cured in 1 to 2 weeks and 20% in 2 to 3 weeks. In group 2, 50% were cured in 1 to 2 weeks, 30% in 2 to 3 weeks and 20% in 3 to 4 weeks. In group 3, 25% of patients did not continue the trial. Of the remaining patients, 33.3% were cured in one week, 60% in 1 to 2 weeks, and 6.7% in 2 to 3 weeks. Oil of bitter orange produced no side effects except mild irritation seen with the use of the pure form.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An in vitro study showed that OBO (natural product) exerts fungistatic and fungicidal activity against a variety of pathogenic dermatophyte species. It is a promising, cheap, and available topical antifungal therapeutic agent.
authors: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Ramadan
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Mourad
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ibrahim
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Sonbol
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014005:Tinea / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010938:Plant Oils; C087245:orange oil