title: CTLA-4 blockade enhances clinical disease and cytokine production during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
abstract: The B7 family of cell surface molecules expressed on APC provides accessory signals to T cells via either CD28 or CTLA-4. However, while CD28 transduces a costimulatory signal that is required for an optimal immune response, CTLA-4 transmits a negative signal. These studies use an anti-CTLA-4 mAb to directly address the role of this T cell surface molecule in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). CTLA-4 regulation of disease was assessed during initial immune cell interactions and during the effector stage of the encephalitogenic immune response. The effects of anti-CTLA-4 treatment were schedule dependent. CTLA-4 blockade during the onset of clinical symptoms markedly exacerbated disease, enhancing mortality. Disease exacerbation was associated with enhanced production of the encephalitogenic cytokines TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-2. Hence, CTLA-4 regulates the intensity of the autoimmune response in EAE, attenuating inflammatory cytokine production and clinical disease manifestations.
authors: Immune Cell Biology Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889-5607, USA. rinOpjp@bumed30.med.navy.mil
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Perrin
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Maldonado
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Davis
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: June
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Racke
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000502:physiology; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; C497966:Cd86 protein, rat; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; C556708:Ctla4 protein, rat; D016207:Cytokines; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069594:Abatacept; D007371:Interferon-gamma