NADPH oxidase and the respiratory burst.
Phagocytic cells possess an electron-transport system which accepts electrons from NADPH in the cytosol to reduce oxygen to the superoxide radical in the vacuolar lumen. The superoxide is instrumental in killing ingested microorganisms. Patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), in which this system is failing, are abnormally susceptible to infectious diseases. Studying CGD patients' neutrophils has been enormously helpful in identifying the components of the superoxide-generating system, known as the NADPH oxidase. This review will describe the components of the electron-transport chain involved in the oxidase and the factors needed for its regulation.
Wientjes
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FB
Department of Medicine, University College London, UK.
Segal
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AW
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology; D001665:Binding Sites; D003580:Cytochromes / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000737:chemistry; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000276:immunology*; D005544:Forecasting; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000276:immunology*; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000276:immunology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000276:immunology*; D018909:src Homology Domains
D003580:Cytochromes; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011506:Proteins; C085072:neutrophil cytosol factor 40K; C079789:neutrophil cytosol factor 67K; C056558:CYBB protein, human; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C060505:neutrophil cytosolic factor 1; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins