title: Improved nasal clearance among pulp-mill workers after the reduction of lime dust.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate nasal symptoms and function among workers exposed to lime dust and to determine if a reconstruction of the workplace improved the worker's nasal health.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1992, pulp-mill workers (N = 15) exposed to lime dust and an equal number of matched unexposed referents were examined by questionnaires, nasal peak expiratory flow, the saccharin test, nasal lavage, and a clinical examination of the upper airways. The study was repeated one year later, after the pulp mill had been rebuilt. Dust levels were measured on both occasions with stationary and personal samplings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1992 the total dust level was 1.2 mg.m-3. The saccharin test showed a significantly increased nasal transit time for the exposed workers in comparison with that of the unexposed referents (difference 3.5 min, 95% confidence interval 0.1-6.9 min). One year later the dust levels had decreased to 0.1 mg. m-3, and the difference in nasal transit time had decreased (difference- 0.8 min, 95% confidence interval -4.8-3.3 min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Workers exposed to lime dust have an impaired mucociliary function. This impairment is probably due to the alkalinity of the lime. When dust levels are reduced, mucociliary function improves; therefore renovating a workplace to reduce dust levels has a positive effect.
authors: Occupational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Torén
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Brisman
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hagberg
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004391:Dust / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000187:drug effects; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010087:Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017751:Safety Management; D013548:Sweden; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004391:Dust; D008670:Metals; D010087:Oxides; C016538:lime