title: Saliva as a valid alternative to serum in monitoring intravenous caffeine treatment for apnea of prematurity.
abstract: Caffeine is a potentially useful alternative to theophylline for the treatment and prevention of apnea of prematurity because of its lower toxicity and longer terminal half-life. Monitoring of salivary caffeine concentrations is less invasive than blood sampling, especially in very sick premature neonates. Caffeine citrate-3 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, or 30 mg/kg-was administered once daily for 7 days in a randomized, parallel design to 59 newborn, premature infants with an initial loading dose of twice the maintenance dose. Serum and saliva samples (131 pairs) were collected and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for caffeine content. Measurable caffeine concentrations in serum ranged from 0.28 to 93.3 mg/L and in saliva from 0.35 to 91.5 mg/L. The mean ratio of the saliva-to-serum concentrations was 0.924. There was no significant difference in precision between the serum and salivary data. The mean serum caffeine concentration was 29.9 mg/L, and the mean salivary concentration was 27.7 mg/L, indicating a small negative bias for saliva versus serum monitoring. Salivary caffeine concentration monitoring is a satisfactory alternative to blood sampling across a wide range of caffeine doses used to treat apnea.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors: T C
authors: TC
authors: Lee
authors: B G
authors: BG
authors: Charles
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Steer
authors: V J
authors: VJ
authors: Flenady
mesh_terms: D001049:Apnea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D017248:Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002110:Caffeine