title: Family burden of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: perceptions of relatives and professionals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study compared the burden that specific problem behaviors of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder placed on relatives and evaluated the accuracy of mental health professionals' judgment of the burden.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was developed to assess the burden of 20 common problem behaviors associated with manic, positive, and negative symptoms. The questionnaire was given to 48 relatives of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. In addition, 39 mental health professionals completed separate questionnaires indicating the amount of burden they believed relatives experienced due to these behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relatives of patients with bipolar disorder rated manic symptoms as more burdensome than did relatives of patients with schizophrenia, but relatives of patients in the two groups did not differ in their ratings of burden associated with positive or negative symptoms. Professionals' perceptions of the burden associated with manic symptoms were relatively accurate, but they tended to underestimate the burden of positive and negative symptoms experienced by relative of patients with bipolar disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychiatric diagnosis may be of limited value in understanding the burden relatives experience due to specific psychiatric symptoms. Professionals are encouraged to assess the burden that is associated with specific problem behaviors regardless of psychiatric diagnosis.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire.
authors: K T
authors: KT
authors: Mueser
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Webb
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pfeiffer
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gladis
authors: D F
authors: DF
authors: Levinson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment