title: The use of heated citric acid for dialyzer reprocessing.
abstract: Dialyzer reprocessing with heated water (100 to 105 degrees C) for 20 h can be used safely in lieu of chemical methods for disinfection. All infective agents including spores are destroyed and depyrogenation may occur. However, these temperatures may result in structural damage to the dialyzer, limiting reuse. Dialyzer reprocessing by using 1.5% citric acid heated to 95 degrees C for 20 h is an alternative method that produces equivalent microbiologic effects. Citric acid is well known as a disinfecting agent used for dialysis equipment. Because there is little structural damage to dialyzer components at 95 degrees C, reuse statistics are improved (mean reuse increased to 12.8). Both small and large molecule clearances and the sieving coefficient for protein are insignificantly altered by the process. Whereas the procedure is relatively simple, quality-assurance indicators are essential. The method has appeal because it avoids the use of chemical germicides. However, at present it has only been tested thoroughly in polysulfone dialyzers with heat-resistant polycarbonate casings and polyurethane resin. The clinical experience is favorable.
authors: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors: N W
authors: NW
authors: Levin
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Parnell
authors: H N
authors: HN
authors: Prince
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Gotch
authors: H D
authors: HD
authors: Polaschegg
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Levin
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Alto
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D019343:Citric Acid