title: Characterization of cardiac gene cis-regulatory elements in the early stages of chicken heart morphogenesis.
abstract: To study transcriptional regulation during early stages of cardiogenesis, stage 10-17 chicken embryo hearts were transfected efficiently within the intact embryo by application of plasmid DNA complexed to liposomes. Viral regulatory sequences and the skeletal alpha-actin, SERCA2 and ANF promoters activated expression of reporter genes in the primitive heart tube. Deletion and mutation analysis of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter revealed the importance of CArG cis-regulatory elements in enhancing transcription of the gene during early heart development. These results demonstrate the utility of this method for the identification of gene regulatory elements that specify the cardiac phenotype during early stages of heart morphogenesis.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA.
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Fisher
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Walsh
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Forehand
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D008081:Liposomes; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009024:Morphogenesis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D008081:Liposomes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D008156:Luciferases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase