title: Conventional color Doppler velocity sonography versus color Doppler energy sonography for the diagnosis of acute experimental torsion of the spermatic cord.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared color Doppler velocity sonography and color Doppler energy sonography for the diagnosis of spermatic cord torsion in a canine model and determined the degree of torsion necessary to acutely halt testicular blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spermatic cord torsion was created in five dogs by exposing and rotating the ipsilateral testis 0 degree, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, 360 degrees, 450 degrees, and 540 degrees. Detorsion followed. The testicles were scanned at each torsion stop using both color Doppler velocity sonography and color Doppler energy sonography. Doppler parameters were optimized (by phantom and test scans) and maintained at a tolerable noise level throughout the experiment. Readers who were unaware of the degree of torsion compared flow in the rotated and contralateral control testes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow became undetectable by color Doppler velocity sonography and color Doppler energy sonography at 450 degrees in four of five cases and at 540 degrees in one of five cases. We found no significant difference between the velocity and the energy techniques for detecting this absence of flow (p > .05, Wilcoxon test). We found a significant difference in degree of flow for both techniques when comparing controls and all degrees of torsion combined (p < .006, Mann-Whitney test), but significance was achieved at lesser degrees of torsion with the velocity technique than with the energy technique (180 degrees and 360 degrees, respectively, Wilcoxon test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Color Doppler energy sonography was not significantly more sensitive than color Doppler velocity sonography for the diagnosis of spermatic cord torsion in this model. Complete occlusion of arterial inflow occurred at 450-540 degrees of torsion.
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison 53792-3252, USA.
authors: F T
authors: FT
authors: Lee
authors: D B
authors: DB
authors: Winter
authors: F A
authors: FA
authors: Madsen
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Zagzebski
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Pozniak
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Chosy
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Scanlan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*