title: Butyrate inhibits seeding and growth of colorectal metastases to the liver in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The short-chain fatty acid butyrate inhibits growth of colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro. Mevalonate, a short-chain fatty acid structurally and metabolically related to butyrate, is important in signal transduction and is essential for cell growth. We investigated butyrate's effects on seeding and growth of colorectal tumor cells metastatic to the liver in vivo and hypothesized that butyrate's antiproliferative effects are associated with inhibition of mevalonate-mediated cell growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatic metastases were induced by injecting 1 x 10(5) MC-26 (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced murine colorectal carcinoma) cells into the spleen of BALB/c mice. Mice were treated with a continuous intravenous infusion of butyrate (2 gm/kg/day) for 7 days starting 24 hours before tumor cells were injected. Study variables included liver weight and number of hepatic surface metastases. Proliferation studies on MC-26 cells were performed in vitro to examine the effects of butyrate alone or combined with mevalonate or mevastatin (an inhibitor of mevalonate synthesis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Butyrate reduced seeding and growth of colorectal tumor cells in vivo. Mevalonate diminished butyrate's antiproliferative action in vitro, whereas mevastatin potentiated this effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies (1) show that butyrate inhibits seeding and growth of hepatic colorectal metastases in vivo, (2) associate butyrate's antiproliferative effects with inhibition of mevalonate-mediated cell growth, and (3) indicate that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors may have synergistic antiproliferative effects when combined with butyrate.
authors: Harrison Department of Surgical Research, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA.
authors: O C
authors: OC
authors: Velázquez
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Jabbar
authors: R P
authors: RP
authors: DeMatteo
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Rombeau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020148:Butyric Acid; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D014316:Tritium; D020148:Butyric Acid; D008798:Mevalonic Acid; D013936:Thymidine