title: Associated urologic anomalies in low imperforate anus are capable of causing significant morbidity: a 15-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence and morbidity caused by urologic anomalies in patients with low imperforate anus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case records and imaging studies of 95 patients who underwent surgery for low imperforate anus over a 15-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 18 years (mean 5.4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genitourinary abnormalities were seen in 29 patients (31%), whereas 10 (11%) had lumbosacral abnormalities. A micturating cystourethrogram was performed in 48 patients, 18 of whom were shown to have vesicoureteric reflux and 2 of whom required surgical correction. Three additional patients required bilateral ureteric reimplantation: 2 had megaureters whereas 1 had bilateral ectopic ureters. Four patients had evidence of chronic renal failure; these included 1 patient with reflux nephropathy, 2 with bilateral dysplastic kidneys, and 1 with neurogenic bladder. The patient with reflux nephropathy underwent renal transplantation at the age of 18 years. Two patients had proximal hypospadias and 4 had undescended testes. A neurogenic bladder was documented in 5 children, 4 of whom had lumbosacral abnormalities. One of these had a spinal lipoma and required excision of the lipoma and untethering of the spinal cord.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that 30% of patients with low imperforate anus would have associated urologic anomalies, several of which are capable of causing significant morbidity. Thus, all patients with imperforate anus, whether high or low, need to be screened for associated urologic anomalies.
authors: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hospitals for Sick Children, London, England.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Misra
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Mushtaq
authors: D P
authors: DP
authors: Drake
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Kiely
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Spitz
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies