title: [Cocaine contact anesthesia for endonasal surgery. Kinetics and clinical tolerance of a concentrated solution].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the pharmacokinetics and clinical tolerance of a 33% cocaine solution administered topically for intranasal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical prospective open trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve ASA I patients scheduled for intranasal surgery were sedated with midazolam 2 mg and fentanyl 50 micrograms. Topical anaesthesia was obtained with aqueous 33% cocaine HCl 360 mg, lidocaine HCl 140 mg, adrenaline 0.04 mg and naphazoline 0.4 mg. Venous blood samples were taken before cocaine application and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240 min later. The plasma was immediately separated and the samples were frozen. The concentration of cocaine was measured by HPLC. Potential cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects were clinically monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean dose of cocaine applied was 5.85 +/- 1.3 mg.kg-1 and the dose actually delivered was 4 +/- 1.5 mg.kg-1. The Cmax was 859 +/- 503 ng.mL-1 after a Tmax to 47 +/- 17 min. The mean elimination half-life was 87 +/- 19 min (mean +/- SD). The total clearance and the volume of distribution were respectively 4,521 +/- 1,858 mL.min-1 and 568 +/- 273 L. No clinical evidence of toxicity was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that it is possible to perform major intranasal surgery under topical anaesthesia with a concentrated solution (33%) of cocaine at a high dose (6 mg.kg-1). These results differ completely with data obtained in addicts.
authors: Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, CHU la Milétrie, Poitiers.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Le Pelley
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Klossek
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bouquet
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Ferrier
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Fusciardi
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D003042:Cocaine
vernacular_title: Anesthésie de contact à la cocaïne pour chirurgie endonasale. Cinétique et tolérance clinique d'une solution concentrée.