title: Controlling the production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in disease.
abstract: Interleukin 1 (IL-1), either IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are primarily inflammatory cytokines. The most studied drugs that suppress the production of IL-1 and TNF are corticosteroids, which inhibit the transcription of IL-1, TNF, and other cytokines. Nonsteroidal compounds that are cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitors are called dual inhibitors. Other agents that suppress IL-1 and TNF are termed cytokine-suppressing antiinflammatory drugs (CSAIDs). The mechanism by which CSAIDs act appears to be through their ability to bind a mitogen activating protein (MAP) kinase that is needed for translation of cytokine mRNAs. The importance of lipoxygenase products in the production of IL-1 has been shown. IL-4, IL-10, and IL-3 suppress gene expression and synthesis of IL-1 and TNF. We carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy human volunteers using a single intravenous injection of IL-10. These studies indicate that IL-10 may be useful for suppressing inflammatory cytokine production in a variety of diseases.
authors: Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Dinarello
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004194:Disease; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha