title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is released from the isolated heart undergoing ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is released directly from the ischemic myocardium undergoing reperfusion.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a protein hormone produced by systemic leukocytes (primarily by activated macrophages). It has been implicated as a systemic mediator in the development of septic shock and other pathologic conditions. Serum TNF-alpha has also been detected in a variety of cardiac disease states and after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine isolated rat hearts undergoing 30 min of perfusion, followed by warm cardioplegic arrest, 1 h of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion, were investigated using the modified Langendorff model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant amounts of TNF-alpha (752 +/- 212 pmol/ml) were detected in the effluent during the first minute of reperfusion. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels correlated with postischemic deterioration in peak systolic pressures (r = 0.7882, p = 0.012), dP/dt max (r = 0.6795, p = 0.044), time-pressure integral (r = 0.7661, p = 0.0016) and postischemic creatine kinase levels (r = 0.8367, p = 0.005). The deterioration in coronary flow, however, was inversely correlated with TNF-alpha levels (r = -0.7581, p = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this study is the first to suggest that the isolated rat myocardium synthesizes and releases TNF-alpha in response to ischemia and reperfusion, which directly correlates with the postischemic deterioration in myocardial mechanical performance and the amount of cellular necrosis.
authors: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ichilov Hospital, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Gurevitch
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Frolkis
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Yuhas
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Paz
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Matsa
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Mohr
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Yakirevich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha