title: Decreased birefringence of the superficial zone collagen network in the canine knee (stifle) articular cartilage after long distance running training, detected by quantitative polarised light microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of a one year programme of running training (up to 40 km/day for 15 weeks) on the spatial orientation pattern of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage in different parts of the knee (stifle) and shoulder joints of young beagle dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Area specific measurements of the optical path difference (= retardation, gamma) and the cartilage zone thickness were performed using conventional procedures and a new computer based quantitative polarised light microscopy method. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the zonal volume density of collagen fibrils. The concentrations of collagen and hydroxypyridinium crosslinks were investigated biochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Running training decreased gamma by 24-34% (p < 0.05) in the superficial zone of the lateral femoral condyle articular cartilage and at the centre of the tibial condyles. Gamma of glycosaminoglycans decreased by 26% (p < 0.05) in the superficial zone of the lateral condyle of the femur, but at the same site the volume density of collagen fibrils was unchanged. Neither the collagen concentration nor the concentration of hydroxypyridinium crosslinks was altered as a result of running. In both control and runner dogs, the thickness and gamma values of the superficial zone were greater in the humerus and the femur than in the tibia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endurance type running exercise in beagles caused a reduction in the superficial zone birefringence of the articular cartilage, which indicates either a disorganisation or a reorientation of the superficial zone collagen network. Articular cartilage showed marked variability of collagen network organisation over the different knee (stifle) joint articular surfaces.
authors: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Arokoski
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Hyttinen
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Lapveteläinen
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Takács
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Kosztáczky
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Módis
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Kovanen
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Helminen
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000378:metabolism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006811:Humerus / Q000378:metabolism; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000378:metabolism*; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; C015484:pyridinoline; D003094:Collagen