Phylogeny and natural history of the primate lentiviruses, SIV and HIV.
Studies of primate lentivirus phylogeny over the past decade have established a minimum of five related, but genetically distinct, groups of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), each originating from a different African primate species. The hypothesis that HIV-2 (and SIVmac) arose by cross-species transmission from sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys has been strengthened by a more detailed characterization of the SIVsm/SIVmac/HIV-2 group of viruses. SIV from all four subspecies of African green monkeys (SIVagm) have been characterized with an apparent chimeric genome structure of SIVagm from West African green monkeys. Although these naturally infected primates remain healthy, cross-species transmission to other primate species may result in immunodeficiency, as caused by SIVsm infection of macaque monkeys (Macaca sp.) and recently, SIVagm infection of pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina). Studies of variation within infected individuals have been facilitated by adaptation of the techniques of heteroduplex analysis and single-stranded conformational polymorphism of PCR generated fragments.
Hirsch
V M
VM
Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Vanessa Hirsch@nih.gov
Dapolito
G
G
Goeken
R
R
Campbell
B J
BJ
D000349:Africa; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002678:Chimera; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006678:HIV / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011323:Primates; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins