title: Influence of exercise induced myocardial ischemia on right ventricular dP/dt: potential implications for rate responsive pacing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Right ventricular (RV) dP/dtmax has been used as a simple parameter for rate responsive pacing to simulate the normal sinus node function. However, the effect of acute myocardial ischemia on RV dP/dtmax has not yet been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  RV high fidelity pressure was measured in 21 patients at rest and during supine bicycle exercise. Nine patients (Group 1 = controls) had no or only minimal alterations of the coronary arteries and 12 (Group 2 = CAD) had significant coronary artery disease with exercise induced left ventricular (LV) wall-motion abnormalities (n = 10) and/or angina pectoris (n = 6). RV pressure and its first derivative (RV dP/dt) were determined by an 8 French micromanometer catheter. The time constant of RV pressure decay (Tau) was calculated from the negative reciprocal of RV pressure versus negative dP/dt during isovolumic relaxation. RV volumes and ejection fraction were calculated from RV biplane angiograms (multiple slice method) at rest and during exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate (HR), RV dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin increased significantly during exercise, whereas Tau decreased. There were no significant differences between the two groups, although RV ejection fraction increased from 67% to 72% in the control group but decreased from 63% to 51% in the CAD group (P < 0.05). An exponential relationship was found between HR and dP/dtmax with a correlation coefficient of 0.82 (P < 0.01; SEE = 7% of the mean value).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute exercise induced myocardial ischemia does not significantly influence RV dP/dtmax during sinus rhythm. Consequently, this index of RV contractility may be used in patients with coronary artery disease as a simple parameter for rate responsive pacing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Candinas
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Heywood
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012016:Reference Values; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000503:physiopathology; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*