title: Invasive and noninvasive monitoring for early recognition and treatment of shock in high-risk trauma and surgical patients.
abstract: The proposed noninvasive monitoring systems provide the essential hemodynamic and oxygen transport information previously available only by invasive thermodilution catheters. More importantly, the noninvasive systems provide continuous on-line real-time displays of data which allow immediate recognition of circulatory abnormalities and provide a means to titrate therapy to appropriate therapeutic goals. The noninvasive systems are easy to apply, safe, inexpensive, and more cost-effective than invasive monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Asensio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demetriades
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Berne
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
mesh_terms: D004630:Emergencies; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012119:Respiration; D012151:Resuscitation; D012769:Shock / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*