title: Early childhood respiratory symptoms and the subsequent diagnosis of asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Respiratory symptoms are frequent in very young children, and the relation of these symptoms to later asthma in some of these children is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to describe the natural history of respiratory symptoms in a community-based sample of young children who were prospectively observed for as long as 11 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were participants in the Tucson Epidemiologic Study of Airways Obstructive Disease. They were under 5 years of age at enrollment and were studied by means of a parent-administered mail survey instrument every 1 to 2 years for 3 to 11 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among subjects younger than 1 year of age, no single respiratory symptom, such as cough or wheeze only with colds, significantly increased the risk of a subsequent diagnosis of asthma. Among 1- and 2-year-olds, however, those with wheeze only with colds and those with attacks of shortness of breath with wheeze were more likely to be diagnosed with asthma later when compared with children without those symptoms (odds ration = 2.1; p < 0.05 for wheeze only with colds). At ages 3 to 4 years, symptoms were even more strongly associated with subsequent asthma (odds ratio = 7.2; p < 0.0001 for attacks of shortness of breath with wheeze).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although respiratory symptoms reported by parents very early in life are not significantly associated with future asthma, those symptoms that begin at or persist through ages 3 to 4 years are.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Sciences Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson 85724, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cline
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lebowitz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burrows
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000503:physiopathology