title: Sump bay fever: inhalational fever associated with a biologically contaminated water aerosol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical, serological, and environmental features of a work related inhalational fever associated with exposure to an aerosol generated from a biologically contaminated 130,000 gallon water pool in a building used for testing scientific equipment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional survey of all exposed subjects (n = 83) by symptom questionnaire, clinical examination, spirometry, and serology for antibody to Pseudomonads, pool water extract, and endotoxin. In symptomatic patients diffusion capacity was measured, and chest radiology was performed if this was abnormal. Serial peak flow was recorded in those subjects with wheeze. Bacterial and fungal air sampling was performed before and during operation of the water pool pump mechanism. Endotoxin was measured in the trapped waters and in the pumps. Serum cotinine was measured as an objective indicator of smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 20 symptomatic subjects, fever was most common in those with the highest exposure (chi 2 42.7, P < 0.001) in the sump bay when the water was (torrentially) recirculated by the water pumps. Symptoms occurred late in the working day only on days when the water pumps were used, and were independent of the serum cotinine. Pulmonary function was normal in most subjects (spirometry was normal in 79/83, diffusion capacity was low in five subjects, chest radiology was normal). Peak flow recording did not suggest a work relation. The bacterial content of the aerosol rose from 6 to > 10,000 colony forming units per cubic metre (cfu/m3) (predominantly environmental Pseudomonads) when the pumps were operating. High endotoxin concentrations were measured in the waters and oil sumps in the pumps. Low concentrations of antibody to the organisms isolated were detected (apart from two subjects with high antibody) but there was no relation to exposure or the presence of symptoms and similar antibody was found in the serum samples from a non-exposed population. The fever symptoms settled completely with the simple expedient of changing the water and cleaning the pumps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the results of our study, the development of inhalational fever in this unique environment and clearly restricted cohort was closely related to the degree of exposure to contaminated aerosol and mainly occurred in the absence of distinct serological abnormality and independent of cigarette smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Western Infirmary, Glasgow.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: McSharry
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D000542:Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004731:Endotoxins