title: Selection of mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase during therapy of transplant recipients with lamivudine.
abstract: We describe mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase gene in viruses which reactivated in two patients during therapy with -2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine, or lamivudine (3TC), and following orthotopic liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B. Virus resistance to 3TC is associated with mutations which lead to amino acid substitutions in the highly conserved tyr-met-asp-asp (YMDD) motif, part of the active site of the polymerase, and which parallel those seen in resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Substitutions of valine and isoleucine for methionine were found in the two cases. The significance of single secondary mutations, which differ between viruses from the two patients, remains to be determined. Thus, viral resistance to lamivudine of hepatitis B virus mimics that of HIV and can occur in the setting of immunosuppression after liver transplantations.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mutimer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Boxall
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dusheiko
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001483:Base Sequence; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D019259:Lamivudine; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase