title: Ependymal changes in sudden infant death syndrome.
abstract: The ependyma may befall a variety of pathogenic noxae during fetal life, resulting in histological changes which may persist after birth but are without clinical manifestations. Eight of a series of 19 children who died suddenly and unexpectedly, where no explanation as to the cause of death was found at autopsy, were shown to have diverse histological features involving the ependyma. Five micrometer paraffin-embedded brain tissue sections including frontal, temporal, occipital, and ventricular horns as well as the fourth ventricle were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and luxol fast blue (LFB). Immunohistochemical stains using antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin and S-100 were also performed. Findings included areas of denuded and/or desquamated ependyma, rosettes in different stages of formation, vacuoles and/or pseudocysts, inflammatory changes consisting in macro- and microglial nodules in the subependymal layer, and gliosis. Chronic brain edema was seen in 4 cases. Our findings indicate that ependymal changes in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases belong to the prenatal or early postnatal period, thus providing, indirectly, a morphological substrate for the previous existence of a noxa that may also affect other CNS areas, and thus being in the position to produce cardiorespiratory control dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Tissue Bank, Hospital Clínico-University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Cruz-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D004805:Ependyma / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000473:pathology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology