title: Cognitive processes in delusional disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies of schizophrenics with persecutory delusions have shown cognitive biases in subjects who are deluded. It has been suggested that their delusions defend against depression. This study challenges the assumption that delusional disorder (DD) patients are covertly depressed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and demographic data, and responses to questionnaires designed to assess schizotypy, depression, dysfunctional attitudes, attributional and attention biases were collected from 29 patients satisfying DSM-III-R criteria for DD. These were compared with 20 matched normal controls and results from published studies of schizophrenics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DD subjects did not show abnormal levels of overt or covert depression or schizotypy. They showed high levels of dysfunctional attitudes (P < 0.0001), a distinctive attributional style (P = 0.01), and increased attention to threat-related stimuli (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DD is a distinct disorder predicated upon sensitivity to threat and biases of attention and attribution. These findings may have implications for the cognitive therapy of these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Kidderminster General Hospital, Worcestershire.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fear
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Healy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003702:Delusions / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012938:Social Perception