title: Prediction of ruminal volatile fatty acids and pH within the net carbohydrate and protein system.
abstract: A steady-state model of the production, absorption, passage, and concentration of ruminal VFA and pH is developed from published literature data and is structured to use the feed descriptions and inputs from the net carbohydrate and protein system. Included are the effects of pH on growth rate and yield of structural and non-structural carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria; production of acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, and methane; conversion of lactate to VFA; ruminal absorption of acids; and prediction of ruminal pH from dietary measures and from ruminal buffering and acidity. The root mean square error of predicted total VFA concentration was 12 mM. Individual VFA fractions were inadequately predicted. In a review of literature data, effective NDF (eNDF) provided a better correlation with ruminal pH than forage or NDF. Digestion rate of NDF remained at normal levels above pH 6.2, which corresponds to a minimum eNDF of 20% of dietary DM. Further research is needed to determine the individual VFA produced from carbohydrate fractions at various pH, the appropriateness of partitioning the starch and pectin carbohydrate pool into slowly and rapidly degraded fractions, and the effect on microbial yield, total tract digestibility, and predicted energy values of feeds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Van Kessel
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Pell
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Van Soest
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002087:Butyrates; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D007773:Lactates; D011422:Propionates; D011506:Proteins; D008697:Methane