title: Myocardial effects of experimental acute brain death: evaluation by hemodynamic and biological studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of problems concerning the functional quality of heart transplants, more and more interest has been focused on the physiologic changes occurring during brain death, one of the major possible contributing factors to the myocardial alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study was to describe the link between acute experimental brain death and myocardial metabolism. This was achieved by in vivo 3-hour hemodynamic and biological (myocardial lactate production) studies and then in vitro 6-hour phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Two groups of pigs were involved in the study: group I (n = 10) as control and group II (n = 10) as brain-dead animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the first hour, we observed a strong increase in myocardial activity associated with the onset of myocardial lactate production, lasting 2 hours and corresponding to a myocardial anaerobic metabolism period. Despite the apparent normalization before excision of the hearts, phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a significant decrease in adenosine triphosphate levels in group II when compared with group I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that, in our study, acute experimental brain death is associated with an early and transient period of myocardial anaerobic metabolism and adenosine triphosphate consumption. These myocardial consequences of brain death could partially explain some observations of heart graft dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque et Transplantations Cardio-thoraciques, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy-Brabois, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pinelli
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mertes
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Carteaux
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jaboin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Escanye
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brunotte
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Villemot
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001926:Brain Death; D006339:Heart Rate; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate