title: Hepatocellular carcinoma with pleural metastasis complicated by hemothorax.
abstract: Hemothorax can be caused by rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hemoperitoneum is a well-known cause of death caused by rupture of a primary HCC lesion. Rupture of a HCC metastasis has not been adequately described. This is the first report of a HCC patient who died of hemothorax due to rupture of a pleural metastasis. The patient, a woman, died in respiratory failure 2 wk after rupture of her HCC metastasis in the pleura. Autopsy revealed moderately differentiated HCC in the liver, lung, and pleura. We discuss treatment options for ruptured pleura-based HCC metastases.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ojima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006491:Hemothorax / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous