title: Exercise-induced vasodilation in forearm circulation of normal subjects and patients with congestive heart failure: role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to investigate the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the regulation of forearm blood flow during exercise in normal subjects and patients with congestive heart failure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in response to muscarinic stimulation is impaired in the peripheral circulation of patients with congestive heart failure. Whether nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation during exercise is also impaired in patients with congestive heart failure is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forearm blood flows (ml/min per 100 ml) were determined during rhythmic hand grip exercise at 15%, 30% and 45% of maximal voluntary contraction by venous occlusion plethysmography before and after regional inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis with administration of L-NG-monomethylarginine (L-NMMA) in the brachial artery of 17 patients with congestive heart failure (mean age 49 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 0.22) and 10 age-matched normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before administration of L-NMMA in the brachial artery, forearm blood flows in patients with congestive heart failure during rhythmic hand grip exercise at 15%, 30% and 45% of maximal voluntary contraction were slightly but not significantly lower than that of normal subjects ([mean +/- SE] 6.8 +/- 1.0, 8.5 +/- 1.0 and 12.9 +/- 1.7 ml/min per 100 ml, respectively, in patients with congestive heart failure vs. 6.6 +/- 1.2, 11.6 +/- 1.9 and 16.2 +/- 1.9 ml/min per 100 ml, respectively, in normal subjects, p = NS). After administration of L-NMMA in the brachial artery, forearm blood flows in normal subjects significantly decreased by 10% to 21% during hand grip exercise but did not change during exercise in patients with congestive heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regional inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with administration of L-NMMA in the brachial artery significantly decreased forearm blood flows during rhythmic hand grip exercise in normal subjects but not in patients with congestive heart failure. These findings suggest that nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation during submaximal exercise is impaired in the forearm circulation of patients with congestive heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krum
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knecht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010991:Plethysmography; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase