title: An imbalance in T-helper cell subsets alters immune response after cardiac surgery.
abstract: Growing evidence indicates that cell-mediated immunity is altered after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The objective of this prospective randomized study was to investigate (1) if an imbalance in T-helper cell (TH) subsets, i.e. TH1/TH2, may be responsible for these alterations and (2) if they can be counteracted. Twenty patients formed control group A. Twenty group B patients received indomethacin and thymopentin for immunomodulation. In vitro tests included measurements of TH, interleukin (IL)-2 as a cytokine primarily produced by TH1 cells, and IL-6 as a cytokine primarily produced by TH2. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin response and specific antibody (AB) production were used as in vivo tests for TH1- and TH2-induced immune response, respectively. Postoperatively, group A patients showed a persistent, significant reduction of TH, IL-2 synthesis and DTH skin response as compared to baseline values, while IL-6 synthesis remained unaltered and AB production increased (P < 0.05). In group B patients no change in TH, IL-2 and IL-6 synthesis, or DTH skin response was observed (P < 0.05 vs A). Postoperative AB production increased significantly in group B. These results indicate a significant suppression of TH1-induced cell-mediated immune response following CPB, while TH2-induced response remains normal. A normal TH2 response may be helpful for recovery following cardiac surgery by cleaning the body of the byproducts of CPB. A suppression of TH1 response may gain clinical significance whenever a postoperative infection requires this response, but can be effectively counteracted by immunomodulatory intervention with indomethacin and thymopentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markewitz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faist
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hültner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weinhold
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichart
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6