title: Effect of motion outside the field of view on functional MR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of objects moving outside the field of view on functional MR imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echo-Planar image sequences were acquired in the sagittal plane of a stationary phantom or of the head of a volunteer subject while a second phantom was moved periodically outside the field of view. The signal intensity changes in each pixel within the field of view were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Movement of the phantom outside the field of view produced signal intensity changes in the field of view that equaled or exceeded typical functional activation without the latency that characterizes activation. The greatest changes occurred at the bottom and top edges in the phantom and at the interfaces in the head.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If temporally correlated with the performance of a task, movement of objects or tissues outside the field of view may produce artifactual changes in signal intensity. The artifactual signal intensity changes were characterized by their location, greater magnitude, and more rapid rise to maximum than seen with typical "activation."
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Doyne Hospital, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
authors.forename: F Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Yetkin
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Haughton
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Birn
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prost
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging