title: Absence of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection among patients in a hospital serving a New York community at high risk for infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center HIV Serosurvey Team.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection among United States residents is considered rare, there are US populations at high risk. Few studies have surveyed these populations with a high likelihood of infection, that is, those with high percentages of persons from HIV-2-endemic areas and high prevalences of behaviors that would allow for transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 832) enrolled in a confidential HIV serosurvey at a hospital that serves a community with a relatively high percentage of West African immigrants, drug injectors, and persons who practice high-risk sexual activity were evaluated. Sera were tested for HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 by rapid enzyme immunoassays, standard enzyme immunoassays and Western blots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight of 832 patients were weakly reactive to HIV-2 on rapid assay, but none was confirmed to be infected when tested by standard immunoassay and Western blot. Five of these eight were reactive to HIV-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weak reactivity to HIV-2 antibody on the rapid assay is best explained by cross-reactivity with HIV-1 antibody; thus, even in this population at high risk for infection, false-positive reactions are more likely than true infections. The finding that HIV-2 is absent in this population at potentially high risk for infection corroborates the findings of other studies that HIV-2 infection is rare among US residents. These results support previous recommendations that, in settings other than blood collection facilities, HIV-2 testing should be selectively offered to persons with epidemiologic risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olivo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schable
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000635:transmission; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015498:HIV-2; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D009519:New York City; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies