title: Alteration of intracellular potassium and sodium concentrations correlates with induction of cytopathic effects by human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: Increases in intracellular concentrations of potassium ([K+]i) and sodium ([Na+]i) occur concomitantly with cytopathic effects induced in a CD4+ T-lymphoblastoid cell line acutely infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This [K+]i increase was greater in cells infected by cytopathic HIV strains than in cells infected by less cytopathic strains. T cells persistently infected by HIV had an increased [K+]i but displayed an [Na+]i similar to that of mock-infected cells. HIV induced increases in [K+]i and [Na+]i after cytopathic infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but the magnitude of the Na+ changes did not correlate with the extent of the cytopathic effect. Enhanced movement of cations may osmotically drive water entry, resulting in balloon degeneration and lysis of HIV-infected cells. These observations offer potential approaches for antiviral therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Fermin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vigh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Garry
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium