title: Rectal indomethacin potentiates spinal morphine analgesia after caesarean delivery.
abstract: This double-blind, randomized study was designed to evaluate the use of indomethacin (Indocid, MSD) following caesarean delivery performed under spinal anaesthesia. Thirty ASA I-II women presenting for elective caesarean were recruited. Spinal anaesthesia was performed in a standard manner using hyperbaric bupivacaine, fentanyl and morphine. At the completion of surgery, subjects were administered two rectal suppositories, followed by 12-hourly suppositories for six doses (three days). The study group received 100 mg indomethacin suppositories and controls were given placebo (Anusol). Data collected included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores at rest and with movement, VAS scores for nausea and itch, and analgesic use. Demographic data were similar in the two groups. Median time to first analgesia (TTFA) was nine hours in the control group v. 39.5 hours in the indomethacin group (P < 0.003). Additional analgesic requests throughout the postoperative period were less in women who received indomethacin: 4 v 11 (P < 0.001). Women who received indomethacin had significantly less pain on the first postoperative day, especially on movement: mean VAS 1.4 v 5.1 (P < 0.00001). There were no reported adverse neonatal or maternal effects from the use of indomethacin. Rectal indomethacin use following caesarean delivery leads to significantly improved pain relief compared with placebo. The combination of spinal morphine and rectal indomethacin leads to high-quality postoperative analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Pavy
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gambling
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Douglas
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009020:Morphine; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013488:Suppositories
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D013488:Suppositories; D009020:Morphine; D007213:Indomethacin