title: Pretherapeutic erythrocyte polyamine spermine levels discriminate high risk relapsing patients with M1 prostate carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Androgen deprivation is currently the standard treatment for patients with metastatic prostate carcinoma. Few reliable prognostic markers are able to select, at diagnosis, patients who will respond favorably and durably to hormone ablation. Circulating polyamines, markers of cell proliferation that are elevated in prostate carcinoma, have been evaluated as a prognostic tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight patients with untreated, M1 classified prostate carcinoma who received endocrine therapy between 1988 and 1993 were included in this study. Performance status, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatases, prostate specific antigen, Gleason tumor grade, extent of disease by bone scan, and circulating erythrocyte spermidine and spermine were correlated with observed progression free and cause-specific survivals. Multiple correspondence analysis and ascending hierarchical classification were performed to determine significant pretreatment prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment performance status, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte spermine levels were correlated with progression, with hemoglobin and erythrocyte spermine level being the most significant independent variables (P < 0.00001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). With regard to cause specific survival, only hemoglobin and spermine erythrocyte levels were significant independent variables (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0005, respectively). Patients with spermine levels of less than 9 nmol/8.10(9) had a statistically better outcome than patients with 9 nmol/8.10(9) or more erythrocytes. Erythrocyte spermine was the best sole determinant of progression. A test combining spermine with performance status or hemoglobin improved each variable's predictive values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating erythrocyte spermine levels, extracted from a blood sample, can discriminate, at diagnosis, patients with hormone-refractory from those with hormone-responsive metastatic prostate carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Université de Rennes, France.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Cipolla
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziade
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Bansard
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moulinoux
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Staerman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quemener
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lobel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillé
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D013096:Spermine / Q000097:blood*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D013096:Spermine; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen