title: Inhibition of experimental liver metastasis by combined treatment with tamoxifen and interferon.
abstract: The demonstration of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the liver has established it as a hormonally responsive organ. Estrogens have been imputed to have a role in the development of benign and malignant liver tumors. The detection of ERs in samples of normal liver tissue and in hepatocellular carcinomas suggested a treatment strategy with anti-hormonal drugs, i.e. tamoxifen, as used clinically for the treatment of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to test the effect of tamoxifen and tamoxifen in combination with other agents [5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and interferon (IFN)] against experimental liver metastases of human colorectal tumor cells xenografted into nude mice. A human colorectal tumor cell line, LoVo, was injected into the spleens of nude mice. This produces liver metastases in virtually 100% of the mice in 6-8 weeks. One week before tumor cell implantation, all mice were ovariectomized. Treatment was started 3 days after the intrasplenic injections. This consisted of 5 mg tamoxifen pellets (60-day release) implanted s.c., 5-FU given i.p. once a week for 4 weeks on a 46 mg/kg basis and IFN given s.c., daily for 4 weeks, 3 x 10(5) units/injection. The effect of tamoxifen alone on liver metastases was not significantly different from untreated controls. Tamoxifen in combination with IFN and 5-FU, however, resulted in 50-67% inhibition of liver metastases, as compared with the controls. The effectiveness of the treatment was in the order: tamoxifen + IFN > tamoxifen + 5-FU + IFN > tamoxifen + 5-FU. Thus, IFN may be useful as a potentiating agent in combination with tamoxifen for the treatment of estrogen-dependent tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKeating
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marrangoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katoh
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D007370:Interferon Type I; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013629:Tamoxifen; D005472:Fluorouracil