Effects of ambient temperature on broiler mineral balance partitioned into urinary and faecal loss.
1. Two experiments were conducted on control (intact) and colostomised 4 to 7 week old broilers to evaluate the influence of 24 degrees C, diurnally cycling 24 to 35 degrees C and chronic 35 degrees C ambient temperatures on broiler mineral balance, urinary and faecal mineral excretion and urinary osmolar characteristics. 2. In the first experiment, colostomy had no significant effect on mineral balance. However, broilers exposed to high cycling ambient temperature reduced their retention of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, sulphur, manganese, copper and zinc compared with birds housed at 24 degrees C. 3. Despite the minimal effect of high ambient temperature on urine production, minerals excreted disproportionately excreted in urine included potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and sulphur while copper and magnesium were lost primarily via the faeces. 4. In the second experiment, exposure to 35 degrees C increased urine output from 50.7 ml/12 h per kg of body weight at 24 degrees C to 101.3 ml/12 h per kg of body weight and was associated with an increased urine:water ratio and reduced urine osmolality. 5. Reduced urinary chloride and higher potassium, phosphorus, sulphur, sodium, magnesium, calcium and manganese excretion was observed for broilers housed in under high ambient temperatures compared to 24 degrees C. 6. These studies suggest that high ambient temperatures adversely influence mineral metabolism and, furthermore, that the route of excretion varies with the specific mineral and the environmental temperature exposure.
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Oklahoma State University, Department of Animal Science, Stillwater 74078, USA.
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D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003125:Colostomy; D003672:Defecation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013696:Temperature; D014554:Urination
D008903:Minerals