title: Diagnosis of palpable breast lesions in younger women by the modified triple test is accurate and cost-effective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the accuracy and cost of diagnosing palpable breast lesions in younger patients using a modified triple test (MTT: physical examination, ultrasonography instead of mammography, and fine-needle aspiration).
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic test study and cost-effectiveness estimate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multidisciplinary university breast clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five women below the recommended age of screening mammography (mean age, 33 years) with unilateral, palpable breast lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each lesion was tested by all 3 elements of MTT, and each element was interpreted as benign, suspicious, or malignant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with MTTs in which all elements were concordant (in agreement) and benign were evaluated clinically (mean follow-up, 11 months). Patients in whom the results of fine-needle aspiration were scored as suspicious or malignant underwent open confirmatory biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight patients had concordant benign MTTs, including 14 patients with breast cysts. No cancers developed at the index sites during follow-up, including 5 biopsies done at the patients' request (negative predictive value and specificity, 100%). Fine-needle aspiration and physical examination were more accurate than ultrasonography in the 7 cases in which MTT was nonconcordant. Compared with the criterion standard (physical examination and open biopsy), use of MTT under the conditions of this study could avoid open biopsies in almost all cases, with average savings in charges of up to $623 per case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of MTT for the diagnosis of unilateral, palpable breast lesions in younger women yields high diagnostic accuracy without the need for routine open biopsy, resulting in an overall reduction in patient charges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Vetto
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pommier
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eppich
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010173:Palpation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results