title: Nitric oxide might reduce the need for extracorporeal support in children with critical postoperative pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative pulmonary hypertension is a life-threatening, yet reversible complication of congenital heart operations. Although inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), a selective pulmonary vasodilator, has been shown extensively to improve short-term oxygenation and hemodynamic indices in these patients, its influence on patient outcome has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to assess retrospectively whether patients who fulfilled our criteria for extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for critical postoperative pulmonary hypertension still required ECLS after the administration of iNO therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since January 1992, 10 patients (age 3 days to 10 months) fulfilled the criteria at our institution for ECLS for postoperative pulmonary hypertension. Of these, 5 could not be separated from cardiopulmonary bypass because of pulmonary hypertension, and 5 had critical pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary arterial pressure approaching systemic arterial pressure) causing severe cardiopulmonary compromise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of the 10 ECLS candidates had a sustained response to iNO and survived to discharge from the hospital, without the need for rescue ECLS. Three patients still required ECLS after 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 8 hours of beginning iNO because of failing cardiac output, and 2 survived. The remaining patient died after 5 days of iNO therapy, but was no longer a candidate for ECLS because of sepsis and multiorgan system failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with critical pulmonary hypertension unresponsive to maximal conventional treatment may be managed successfully with iNO without the need for rescue ECLS. A trial of iNO should therefore be given before the use of ECLS in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Delius
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Deanfield
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: de Leval
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sigston
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Macrae
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide