title: Use of cytokines in clozapine-induced agranulocytosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report and review the use of cytokines for the treatment of clozapine-induced neutropenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and review of literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytokines, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), appear to shorten the duration of clozapine-induced neutropenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G-CSF or GM-CSF therapy should be considered in patients with profound neutropenia of prolonged duration (high-risk neutropenia).
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, London Health Sciences Centre, Ontario.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chin-Yee
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bezchlibnyk-Butler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003024:Clozapine