title: Radioimmunotherapy of patients with small-volume tumors using iodine-131-labeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody NP-4 F(ab')2.
abstract: The clinical feasibility of radioimmunotherapy (RIAIT) was assessed in patients with metastatic, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-producing cancers who had minimal residual or small-volume disease (tumor lesions < or = 3 cm in diameter).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen cancer patients (8 colorectal, 3 lung, 1 pancreatic and 1 medullary thyroid cancer) received RAIT with 131I-NP-4 F(ab')2 anti-CEA antibody. The radioactive dose given was based on a prescribed radiation dose to the red marrow. Ten of the 13 patients received initial therapeutic doses delivering 150-450 cGy to the red marrow (70-296 mCi) and six patients had more than one therapy infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Targeting of all known tumor lesions < 0.5 cm [corrected] in diameter was possible in nine patients and at least one tumor lesion was evident in all patients. Disease stabilization ranging from 3.5 to 7 mo was seen in 6 of the 13 patients who previously had clear evidence of progressive disease. Four of the six patients with disease stabilization received the presumed maximum tolerated dose of 450 cGy to the red marrow. Red marrow suppression was the only observed toxicity and there was a good correlation between the red marrow dose and myelotoxicity. Red marrow doses < or = 250 cGy resulted in < or = grade 2 myelotoxicity and a red marrow dose of 450 cGy resulted in reversible grade 3 or 4 myelotoxicity in 3 of 6 patients. Human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) developed in all but one of the six patients who received multiple therapeutic infusions of the antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RAIT of patients with small-volume disease is feasible and these patients should be considered for future dose-intensification trials because of their generally poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Juweid
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Behr
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Swayne
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes