title: Ovine lentivirus antibody detection in serum, colostrum and milk using a recombinant transmembrane protein ELISA.
abstract: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies against ovine lentivirus (OLV) in serum, colostrum, and milk from naturally infected sheep. The assay used OLV recombinant transmembrane envelope protein (rTM) as a test antigen. Matched serum/colostrum and serum/milk samples were collected at 24h, 4 weeks (mid-lactation), and 8 weeks (weaning) post-lambing. Among 129 paired samples collected at 24 h post-lambing, there was overall test agreement (concordance) of 82.9% and a kappa value of 0.658 between serum and colostrum rTM ELISA results. Among 130 mid-lactation samples, the milk ELISA had 100% specificity and 64.9% sensitivity relative to the serum ELISA, there was concordance of 79.2%, and a kappa value of 0.602. At mid-lactation, the serum agar gel immunodiffusion test had a sensitivity of 0.390 and 0.560 relative to the serum and milk rTM ELISAs, respectively. Matched serum and milk rTM ELISA results at weaning were very similar to those at mid-lactation. Finally, increased occurrence and severity of subclinical mastitis at weaning was found in ELISA-seropositive compared with ELISA-seronegative ewes. Both subclinical mastitis and ewe OLV infection had a negative impact on lamb growth and weaning weights. Compared with blood, colostrum and milk are easier and less expensive to sample and store. These results suggest that rTM ELISA testing of colostrum and milk could be used to supplement serologic testing in OLV screening or eradication programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwang
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Littledike
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hungerford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D003126:Colostrum / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000737:chemistry; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D007774:Lactation / Q000276:immunology; D008413:Mastitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D008892:Milk / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D012015:Reference Standards; D012098:Reproduction / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012756:Sheep; D016182:Visna / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D014790:Visna-maedi virus / Q000276:immunology*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007106:Immune Sera; D011994:Recombinant Proteins