title: The treatment of hand ischemia by arterial ligation and upper extremity bypass after angioaccess surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hand ischemia remains an uncommon but potentially devastating complication of angioaccess operations. In the past, fistula ligation, arterial banding, and graft lengthening have been recommended as treatment with varying degrees of success. The procedure of arterial ligation and upper extremity bypass has recently been proposed as a more physiologic alternative method of treating this problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of six patients with hand ischemia after hemodialysis access surgery who were treated with arterial ligation and revascularization were reviewed. Indications for operation, patient demographics, and risk factors were noted. The clinical results of surgery as well as fistula and bypass graft patency were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All six patients demonstrated marked improvement in the perfusion of the affected hand. Five of six patients had complete resolution of their symptoms, while one continues to have a mild residual numbness of the hand. All fistulas and arterial bypass grafts remain patent at a follow-up period of two to 18 months (mean, 7.4 months). There were no perioperative complications or deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technique of arterial ligation and upper extremity bypass provides a consistent and reliable method of correcting hand ischemia after angioaccess surgery. We believe it is the procedure that is most likely to alleviate the clinical symptoms of hand ischemia without jeopardizing the long-term function of the hemodialysis fistula.
authors.affiliation: Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kohl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome