title: Prophylactic action of allopurinol against chemotherapy-induced stomatitis--inhibition of superoxide dismutase and proteases.
abstract: The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and several proteases were measured in kidney of mice treated with allopurinol in order to elucidate the mechanism of prophylactic action of allopurinol against chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. The following results were obtained. Following 3 day administration of allopurinol 20 mg/day per os (Group C), the concentrations of allopurinol and oxipurinol in the renal tissue were 203.9 +/- 52.1 and 1141.7 +/- 194.8 micrograms/g, respectively. The SOD activity was significantly lower in Group C than in the untreated control group (p < 0.01). The enzyme activities of papain and trypsin were suppressed in Group C. However, the other proteases tested were not affected by the administration of allopurinol, indicating only weak anti-protease action of allopurinol. These results suggest that allopurinol may be effective to prevent chemotherapy-associated stomatitis via both direct and indirect actions to oral mucosa, that include inhibitory actions on xanthine oxidase as well as protease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumanohoso
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinkawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kariyazono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshinaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aikou
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010117:Oxypurinol / Q000032:analysis; D010206:Papain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000493:Allopurinol; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010450:Endopeptidases; D014357:Trypsin; D010206:Papain; D010117:Oxypurinol