title: Topical anaesthesia for bladder biopsies and cautery: intravesical lidocaine versus caudal anaesthesia.
abstract: A total of 62 patients were randomized to receive bladder biopsy and cautery with either topical lidocaine anaesthesia or caudal anaesthesia. The patients were asked to describe the level of pain experienced during the procedure on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 5 (unbearable pain). In 29 patients receiving topical lidocaine anaesthesia, the mean value was 1.6 at cold-cup biopsies and 2.7 at cautery, which were considered to be tolerable for the patients. On the other hand, in 33 patients who had biopsies and cautery with caudal anaesthesia, the mean values were 0.8 and 1.0, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in patients receiving topical anaesthesia (p < 0.01). Serum lidocaine levels were measured in 5 patients at 15 minutes from the beginning of biopsies, and were negligible. These results revealed that caudal anaesthesia provided more effective pain relief, although most patients could tolerate biopsy and cautery with topical lidocaine anaesthesia. The technique of topical anaesthesia is very simple and no side effects were observed. We thus conclude that topical lidocaine anaesthesia is useful and safe for bladder biopsies and cautery in most cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunimi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshinoya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchibayashi
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001706:Biopsy; D002425:Cautery; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine