title: The functional role of the adenoids in speech.
abstract: Illustrative cases are presented showing a variety of interrelationships between the adenoids and the activity of the velopharyngeal valve in speech. The cases presented were selected from a group of 1000 patients referred because of suspected velopharyngeal diseases. When appropriate, complete velopharyngeal assessment was made including otolaryngological speech and hearing examination, polysomnography, nasendoscopy, multiview videofluoroscopy and cephalometry. New observations are described which further elucidate the mechanism by which the adenoids may change the mechanism of velopharyngeal valving and consequently speech patterns. In conclusion, procedures involving the adenoids and tonsils and surgical correction of velopharyngeal valve abnormalities to improve respiratory function must be performed in a manner which ensures preservation of normal speech activity. Similarly, surgical correction of velopharyngeal valve abnormalities to improve speech activity must preserve its respiratory function. The velopharyngeal valve and the adeno-tonsils must be considered together whenever diagnosis and a therapeutic intervention of either of them is considered. A clinical method for patient evaluation, patient management and the development of a rational therapeutic approach is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nachmani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ophir
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010156:Palatal Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery