title: Prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation with chronic dual-site right atrial pacing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated 1) the feasibility, safety and efficacy of multisite right atrial pacing for prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF); and 2) the ability of atrial pacing in single- and dual-site modes to increase arrhythmia-free intervals in patients with drug-refractory AF.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  We recently developed and applied a novel technique of dual-site right atrial pacing in an unselected group of consecutive patients with AF requiring demand pacing. A prospective crossover study design was used to evaluate single- and dual-site right atrial pacing modes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequency of AF during the 3 months before pacemaker implantation was analyzed. Consecutive consenting patients underwent insertion of two atrial leads and one ventricular lead with a DDDR pulse generator. Patients were placed in a dual-site pacing mode for the first 3 months and subsequently mode switched to single site pacing for 3 months. Mode switching was repeated at 6-month intervals thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atrial pacing resulted in a marked decline in AF recurrences (p < 0.001). During dual-site pacing with an optimal drug regimen, there was no AF recurrence in any patient compared with five recurrences in 12 patients during single-site pacing (p = 0.03). The mean (+/-SD) arrhythmia-free interval before pacing (14 +/- 14 days) was prolonged with dual- (89 +/- 7 days, p < 0.0001) and single-site pacing (76 +/- 27 days, p < 0.0001). Symptomatic AF episodes showed a declining trend during dual- and single-site pacing compared with those during the preimplantation period (p = 0.10). Mean antiarrhythmic drug use for all classes declined from 4 +/- 1.9 drugs before implantation to 1.5 +/- 0.5 (p < 0.01) drugs after implantation. Twelve (80%) of 15 patients remained in atrial paced rhythm at 13 +/- 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that multisite right atrial pacing is feasible, effective and safe for long-term application. Atrial pacing significantly prolongs arrhythmia-free intervals in patients with drug-refractory paroxysmal AF. Dual-site right atrial pacing may offer additional benefits and should be considered either as the primary mode or in patients unresponsive to single-site pacing.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arthythmia and Pacemaker Service, Eastern Heart Institute, Passaic, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saksena
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Krol
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Munsif
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence