title: A phase II trial of interferon-alpha and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. A Southwest Oncology Group study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma is a common neoplasm that is often refractory to treatment. It is occasionally responsive to immunomodulating agents including interferon-alpha, which enhances the effects of 5-fluorouracil upon cells. Combinations of these two drugs have been most frequently tested in patients with gastrointestinal cancers, with some promising results. Because interferon-alpha has activity for renal cell carcinoma, a trial of this combination in patients with this malignancy was undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Southwest Oncology Group performed a Phase II clinical trial of the combination of 5-fluorouracil and interferon-alpha for recurrent or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eligibility criteria included no prior treatment with medications for cancer, a performance status of 2 or better, and bidimensionally measurable disease. The regimen studied consisted of 5-fluorouracil, 750 mg/M2/day, by continuous intravenous infusion on Days 1-5, and interferon-alpha-2b (Intron A), 5 x 10(6)U/M2/day, subcutaneously on Days 1, 3, and 5, repeated every 21 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty eligible patients were treated; twenty of the 40 underwent a nephrectomy. The regimen was tolerable: 3 patients had Grade 4, and 17 had Grade 3 toxicity. There were 5 partial responses (13% with 95% confidence limits of 4-27%). Median progression free survival for all 40 patients was 4 months and median overall survival was 15 months from the time of registration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of 5-fluorouracil and interferon-alpha given by this schedule, although tolerable and occasionally yielding responses, is not an improvement over existing therapies.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Blumenstein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kish
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005756:Gastritis / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D005472:Fluorouracil