title: Developmental toxicity of trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and four of their metabolites in rat whole embryo culture.
abstract: The embryotoxicity of trichloroethylene (TRI), tetrachloroethylene (PER), and of four of their oxidative metabolites i.e. trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, chloral hydrate, and trichloroacetyl chloride, was studied in vitro, using the rat whole embryo culture system. Embryos from Sprague-Dawley rats were explanted on gestational day 10 (plug day = day 0) and cultured for 46 h in the presence of the test chemical. All of the tested chemicals produced concentration-dependent decreases in growth and differentiation and increases in the incidence of morphologically abnormal embryos. TRI and PER produced qualitatively similar patterns of abnormalities, while TRI and/or PER metabolites, each elicited clearly distinguishable dysmorphogenic profiles. The presence of hepatic microsomal fractions in the culture medium produced marked decreases in TRI- and PER-induced embryotoxic effects, including mortality, severity of malformations, and delayed growth and differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre, France.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Saillenfait
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Langonné
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sabaté
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D062845:Chloroacetates; D046508:Culture Techniques; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D062845:Chloroacetates; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid; C037540:trichloroacetyl chloride; C021100:trichloroacetaldehyde; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene