title: Osteopenia in 37 members of seven families: analysis based on a model of dominant inheritance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genetic factors involved in determining bone mineral density (BMD) have not been fully elucidated. We have begun genetic linkage analysis of seven families in which many members are osteopenic, in order to identify chromosomal loci that are potentially involved in determining BMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spine BMD was measured in 143 members of seven kindred with familial osteopenia. The absolute BMD values for the spine (L2-L4) were converted to the age-, gender-, and weight-adjusted Z scores, and this corrected value was used as the quantitative trait on which to base subsequent genetic analyses. Simulations of linkage were performed in order to determine the information content of the pedigree set, and actual linkage analysis was conducted using polymorphic markers either within or near three candidate loci: COL1A1, COL1A2, and vitamin D receptor (VDR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of the corrected Z scores was bimodal (p = 0.001) suggesting a monogenic mode of inheritance of the low BMD trait. Simulation of linkage analysis suggested that the family data set was sufficient to detect linkage under a single major gene model. Actual linkage analysis did not support linkage to the three candidate loci. In addition, the VDR genotype was not statistically associated with low bone density at the spine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loci other than COL1A1, COL1A2 and VDR are very likely responsible for the low BMD trait observed in these families. These families are suitable for a genome-wide screen using microsatellite repeats in order to identify the loci that are involved in osteopenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Spotila
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caminis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Devoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoya
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sereda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tenenhouse
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Prockop
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics*; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011336:Probability; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013131:Spine
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D003094:Collagen