title: Development and evaluation of a dipstick immunoassay format for the determination of atrazine residues on-site.
abstract: On the basis of a semi-quantitative dipstick immunoassay (IA) for atrazine with visual detection (Giersch, T., J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 1006), a quantitative format suitable as a field assay for the analysis of pesticide residues in water and liquid food samples on-site is described. For antibody immobilization, different membranes and immobilization techniques were investigated. The measuring range for atrazine was 0.3-10 micrograms l-1 using reflectance detection. The total assay time was about 25 min with dipsticks previously coated with antibody. Atrazine-spiked water and liquid food samples were selected for assay evaluation. The samples could be measured directly without the need for any prior enrichment or clean-up steps. A satisfactory agreement was found between the results of the dipstick IA and HPLC or GC measurements of both the original and spiked samples.
authors.affiliation: University of Stuttgart, Institute for Technical Biochemistry, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bilitewski
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giersch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kettling
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D007118:Immunoassay; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014867:Water; D001280:Atrazine