title: Lack of association between early exposure to cow's milk protein and beta-cell autoimmunity. Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY)
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether infant dietary exposure to cow's milk is associated with beta-cell autoimmunity (BCA), an early predictor of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Denver, Colo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional with retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1994 and December 1995, 253 children from 171 families of persons with IDDM were screened for BCA. All children were between the ages of 9 months and 7 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  BCA was defined as elevated levels of insulin autoantibody, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody, or insulinoma-associated islet tyrosine phosphatases autoantibody (IA-2) above the 99th percentile of 198 normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen cases of BCA were detected; 153 unrelated autoantibody-negative children were selected from the cohort as controls. There were no differences in the proportion of cases and controls who were exposed to cow's milk or foods containing cow's milk or to cereal, fruit and vegetable, or meat protein by 3 months or by 6 months of age. Children with BCA were breast-fed for a slightly longer duration than controls (median duration 10 vs 8 months, P=.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that early exposure to cow's milk or other dietary protein is not associated with BCA. This calls into question the importance of cow's milk avoidance as a preventive measure for IDDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beaty
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klingensmith
authors.lastname: Yu Liping
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Erlich
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hamman
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Eisenbarth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rewers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000276:immunology*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007330:Insulin Antibodies; D008894:Milk Proteins; C024211:islet cell antibody; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase