title: The conserved role of Krox-20 in directing Hox gene expression during vertebrate hindbrain segmentation.
abstract: Transient segmentation in the hindbrain is a fundamental morphogenetic phenomenon in the vertebrate embryo, and the restricted expression of subsets of Hox genes in the developing rhombomeric units and their derivatives is linked with regional specification. Here we show that patterning of the vertebrate hindbrain involves the direct upregulation of the chicken and pufferfish group 2 paralogous genes, Hoxb-2 and Hoxa-2, in rhombomeres 3 and 5 (r3 and r5) by the zinc finger gene Krox-20. We identified evolutionarily conserved r3/r5 enhancers that contain high affinity Krox-20. binding sites capable of mediating transactivation by Krox-20. In addition to conservation of binding sites critical for Krox-20 activity in the chicken Hoxa-2 and pufferfish Hoxb-2 genes, the r3/r5 enhancers are also characterized by the presence of a number of identical motifs likely to be involved in cooperative interactions with Krox-20 during the process of hindbrain patterning in vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medicial Research, Mill Hill, London.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nonchev
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maconochie
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vesque
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ariza-McNaughton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manzanares
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruthainar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charnay
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krumlauf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002645:Chickens; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051767:Early Growth Response Protein 2; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005399:Fishes; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000196:embryology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497326:EGR2 protein, human; D051767:Early Growth Response Protein 2; C497327:Egr2 protein, mouse; C086061:HOXB2 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C490111:Hoxb2 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C088144:HoxA protein