title: Retrograde abdominal visceral perfusion: is it beneficial?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is proposed that retrograde abdominal perfusion be used in combination with retrograde cerebral perfusion to provide total body visceral protection during aortic reconstruction; however, its physiologic effects remain unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the effect of superior vena caval perfusion alone with that of combined superior and inferior vena caval perfusion on the liver and kidney in 6 mongrel dogs. Organ blood flow was measured using ultrasonic flow probes on the hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the renal artery. Regional tissue blood flow to the liver and the kidney was assessed using colored microspheres and pH probes. Anesthetized dogs were placed on total cardiopulmonary bypass. After cooling to 20 degrees C, retrograde perfusion was begun with 30 minutes of superior vena caval perfusion followed by another 30 minutes of bicaval perfusion, or vice versa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Very little renal blood flow was measured with either method of retrograde perfusion. Although the liver received more blood flow in comparison to the kidney, there was no significant difference between superior vena caval perfusion alone and bicaval perfusion. The addition of inferior vena caval perfusion results in portal hypertension, hepatic congestion, ascites, and bowel edema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the canine model, bicaval perfusion does not provide superior protection to the liver and kidneys when compared with superior vena caval perfusion alone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655-0304, USA.
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Soller
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Shortt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hsi
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cotter
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: BelleIsle
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000601:surgery; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D004285:Dogs; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008102:Liver Circulation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012079:Renal Circulation; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000502:physiology