title: Wrist joint motion simulator.
abstract: A computer controlled wrist joint motion simulator has been developed that actively moves forearms from cadavers through cyclic planar flexion-extension motions, planar radial-ulnar deviation motions, and combined motions such as circumduction. Hybrid position-force feedback control algorithms are used to determine the wrist flexor and extensor tendon forces necessary to achieve the desired motions. The simulator was used in a series of 12 fresh cadaver forearms to produce both flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation motions and was found to cause repeatable, physiological movements. In these experiments, the extensor tendon forces were greater than those of the flexors, typically by a factor of two.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210, USA.
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Somerset
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Gillison
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fortino
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Short
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology*