title: Biplexiform ganglion cells, characterized by dendrites in both outer and inner plexiform layers, are regular, mosaic-forming elements of teleost fish retinae.
abstract: Biplexiform ganglion cells were labelled by retrograde transport of HRP in five species of marine fish from the neoteleost acanthopterygian orders Perciformes and Scorpaeniformes. Their forms and spatial distributions were studied in retinal flatmounts and thick sections. Biplexiform ganglion cells possessed sparsely branched, often varicose, dendrites that ramified through the inner nuclear layer (INL) to reach the outer plexiform layer (OPL), as well as conventional arborizations in the most sclerad part of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Their somata were of above-average size and were displaced into the vitread border of the INL. Mean soma areas ranged from 99 +/- 6 microns2 in Bathymaster derjugini (Perciformes) to 241 +/- 12 microns2 in Hexagrammos stelleri (Scorpaeniformes), but were similar in each species to those of the outer-stratified alpha-like ganglion cells, whose dendritic trees occupied the same IPL sublamina. In the best-labelled specimens, biplexiform cells formed clear mosaics with spacings and degrees of regularity much like those of other large ganglion cells, but spatially independent of them. Biplexiform mosaics were plotted in three species, and analyzed by nearest-neighbor distance and spatial correlogram methods. The exclusion radius, an estimate of minimum mosaic spacing, ranged from 113 microns in Hexagrammos stelleri, through 150 microns in Ernogrammus hexagrammus (Perciformes), to 240 microns in Myoxocephalus stelleri (Scorpaeniformes). A spatial cross-correlogram analysis of the distributions of biplexiform and outer-stratified alpha-like cells in Hexagrammos demonstrated the spatial independence of their mosaics. Similar cells were previously observed not only in the freshwater cichlid Oreochromis spilurus (Perciformes) but also in the goldfish Carassius auratus (Cypriniformes) which, being an ostariophysan teleost, is only distantly related. Thus, biplexiform ganglion cells may be regular elements of all teleost fish retinae. Their functional role remains unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kondrashev
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Podugolnikova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003712:Dendrites / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005399:Fishes / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D009030:Mosaicism; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase