title: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase produces hypothermia and depresses lipopolysaccharide fever.
abstract: The labile gas nitric oxide (NO) mediates a wide variety of thermoregulatory processes including vasomotor control, brown fat thermogenesis, and neuroendocrine regulation. Additionally, during endotoxemia, NO modulates the release of cytokines and hypothalamic peptides. To determine the role of NO in thermoregulation and fever, we intravenously injected the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and measured its effects on body temperature during normal thermoregulation and endotoxemia in awake, unrestrained rats. L-NAME produced a stereoselective, dose-dependent hypothermia that lasted up to 4 h after bolus intravenous injection. Intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced fever in a dose-dependent manner, which was preceded by hypothermia at higher doses alpha-LPS. NOS inhibition reduced the febrile response to LPS and produced marked hypothermia with a low dose of LPS. These findings indicate that NO may play an important role in thermoregulation and suggest that NO is required for the production of fever.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Scammell
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Elmquist
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Saper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester