Proviral burden and infection kinetics of feline immunodeficiency virus in lymphocyte subsets of blood and lymph node.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is similar to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virologically and induces a clinical syndrome in cats comparable to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome in humans. To determine the lymphoid target cells of FIV, populations of CD4+ lymphocytes, CD8+ lymphocytes, and CD21+ lymphocytes (B cells) were enriched to more than 96.5% purity and then analyzed for FIV provirus by semiquantitative DNA amplification. We found FIV provirus in CD4+, CD8+, and B lymphocytes. In cats infected for <4 months, proviral burden was greatest in CD4+ cells, followed by B cells and then by CD8+ cells. In cats infected for more than 5 years, proviral burden was greatest in B cells, followed by CD4+ cells and then by CD8+ cells. The total proviral burden was > 1 log10 higher in acutely infected cats than in chronically infected cats, primarily because of a higher level of CD4+ infection in the acutely infected cats. A comparison of proviral loads in mesenteric lymph node and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in acutely or chronically infected cats revealed no significant difference. A kinetics study of FIV infection demonstrated that all lymphocyte subpopulations were infected by 4 weeks postinoculation. Virus was isolated from CD4+, CD8+, and B cells in vitro, and reverse transcriptase PCR demonstrated that all subsets contained viral RNA in vivo and therefore are productive reservoirs for FIV.
Dean
G A
GA
Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Reubel
G H
GH
Moore
P F
PF
Pedersen
N C
NC
D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D016181:Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D016089:Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / Q000502:physiology*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000821:virology*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology*; D011533:Proviruses / Q000502:physiology*; D016662:Virus Integration; D014779:Virus Replication