title: Lessons denied: a history of therapeutic response to combat stress reaction during Israel's War of Independence (1948), the Sinai Campaign (1956) and the Six Day War (1967)
abstract: The current article examines the history of therapeutic response in the Israel Defense Forces toward combat stress reaction during two decades, and in the course of three wars: the 1948 War of Independence, the 1956 Sinai Campaign, and the 1967 Six Day War. Three independent sources were used: recorded debriefing materials; interviews conducted with therapists, commanders and military historians; and professional literature on the wars in Hebrew and other languages. The collected material is described and issues of attitudes, treatment approaches and preparedness are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Witztum
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D003419:Crisis Intervention; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008889:Military Personnel; D011613:Psychotherapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014857:Warfare