title: Effects of gadolinium on twitch force and triggered propagated contractions in rat cardiac trabeculae.
abstract: We have recently described that local contractions can be triggered by a preceding twitch in rat cardiac trabeculae in or near damaged ends of the muscle. These local contractions appeared to propagate along the trabeculae with a constant velocity; hence, they can be denoted as triggered propagated contractions (TPCs). These studies have also shown that stretch and/or subsequent shortening of the damaged ends during the twitch is necessary for the induction of TPCs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested in this study: (1) whether activation of stretch-activated channels in the damaged regions is involved in the initiation of TPCs; (2) whether activation of stretch-activated channels due to stretch of tissue adjacent to a local triggered contraction increases the velocity of propagation. As gadolinium (Gd3+) has been shown to be the most effective blocker of stretch-activated channels to date, we have studied the effects of Gd3+ on twitch force, as well as on force, triggering rate and propagation velocity of TPCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  TPCs were elicited by trains of 15 stimuli (2 Hz, 15-s intervals) at 20 degrees C; using HEPES solution, [Ca2+]o of 0.5 approximately 0.75 mmol/l. Laser diffraction techniques were used to measure sarcomere shortening at two sites in the trabeculae; twitch force was measured with a silicon strain gauge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gd3+ (1 to approximately 20 mumol/l) decreased both twitch force and force, triggering rate and propagation velocity of TPCs in a concentration-dependent manner. High concentrations of Gd3+ (> 20 mumol/l) almost abolished both twitch force and triggered force. The decrease of triggering rate and velocity, for the same decrease in twitch force, were not significantly larger than those by decreasing [Ca2+]o, indicating that Gd3+ did not cause an additional effect on TPCs above decreasing intracellular [Ca2+].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that it is not necessary to assume that Gd3+ sensitive stretch-activated channels are involved in triggering or propagation of these local contractions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Health Science Centre, University of Calgary, Alta, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: ter Keurs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium; D002118:Calcium