title: Quantification of systemic and local immune responses to individual rotavirus proteins during rotavirus infection in mice.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to develop a quantitative assay that could be used to measure the local and systemic immune responses to specific rotavirus proteins following rotavirus infection of adult mice. To measure these responses, we used an immunocytochemical staining assay of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) cells which were infected with recombinant baculovirus expressing selected rotavirus proteins. The specificity of the assay was documented by using a series of monoclonal antibodies to individual rotavirus proteins. We observed that the assay had high levels of sensitivity and specificity for a series of VP7- and VP4-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies which recognized conformation-dependent epitopes on their target proteins. We also studied immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune responses in serum and IgA immune responses in the stools of mice infected with wild-type murine rotavirus strain EHPw. In both sera and stools, the most immunogenic proteins were VP6 and VP4. VP2 was less immunogenic than VP6 or VP4, and the immune responses to VP7, NSP2, and NSP4 were very low in serum and undetectable in stools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016367:Baculoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D002213:Capsid / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018411:Spodoptera; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C060339:VP4 protein, Rotavirus; C050779:VP7 protein, Rotavirus; D014764:Viral Proteins