title: Monitoring and controlling reproduction in captive common marmosets on the basis of urinary oestrogen metabolites.
abstract: Non-invasive methods for routine monitoring of reproductive states and reproduction control in large colonies of captive Callithrix jacchus have been developed. Immunoactive urinary oestrone-3-conjugates (E1C) were measured during non-conception cycles (n = 5) and pregnancy (n = 7). Using plasma progesterone levels to time ovulation, ovulation was quantitatively estimated by a) calculating the first E1C rise and b) by establishing an E1C threshold. Ovulation was thus defined as taking place 4 days preceding a) the first rise of E1C above follicular-phase levels, or b) a concentration > or = 4.5 micrograms E1C/mg creatinine. Early pregnancy could be determined after day 20 by continued luteal-phase levels of E1C. Secondly, the luteolytic effect of cloprostenol, injected over a wide range of doses and between days 1 and 64 after ovulation/conception, was analysed. Luteolysis was achieved when cloprostenol was administered after day 5 post-ovulation; the luteolytic effect was found not to be dose-dependent. The success of cloprostenol treatment was 87% as confirmed by endocrine monitoring. The methods described are effective and minimize intervention, and are therefore suitable for long-term applications, particularly in combination with behavioural studies.
authors.affiliation: Anthropology Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nievergelt
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pryce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix / Q000502:physiology*; D003008:Cloprostenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000652:urine*; D004970:Estrone / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D003341:Luteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011258:Pregnancy Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D004970:Estrone; D003008:Cloprostenol; D011374:Progesterone