title: Multiexponential T2 relaxation in Fricke agarose gels: implications for NMR dosimetry.
abstract: NMR relaxation times T1 and T2 of agarose and Fricke agarose gels have been measured in the range 17-51 MHz. The analysis of the spin echo curves indicates a multiexponential behaviour, characterized by three components, at all the examined frequencies. The relative T2 values, ranging from a few to a hundred milliseconds, can be attributed to different species of water molecules present in the gel. Two of these components are characterized by relaxation rates R2a and R2b, more sensitive than R1 to gamma irradiation, the sensitivity S being S(R1) = 0.066 s-1 Gy-1, S(R2a) = 0.088 s-1 Gy-1, S(R2b) = 0.17 s-1 Gy-1. The three T2 values decrease as a function of frequency, but no gain in dose sensitivity is obtained by changing the working frequency in the examined range. The relaxivity of agarose gels containing ferrous or ferric ions has also been measured and found to be different from those of the corresponding solutions in the absence of agarose. Thus it was possible to estimate the irradiation yield from three independent parameters, R1, R2a and R2b. No effect of the dose rate or of the source energy has been observed for any of these parameters.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Fisica e INFN Sez, Sanità, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Luciani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Capua
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guidoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ragona
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viti
mesh_terms: D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012685:Sepharose; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; C075364:Fricke solution; D005782:Gels; D012996:Solutions; D012685:Sepharose