title: How to examine a foot and what to do with a bunion.
abstract: The foot is a remarkable structure that provides stable support for the body, lessens impact loading during gait, and allows for forward motion that is energy efficient. Because of the enormous loads concentrated at the joints in the foot and ankle with normal activities, frequent injuries occur and present to the primary care provider. Systemic conditions and improper footwear also contribute to the number of foot injuries that require medical attention. This article provides the clinician with the practical tools necessary for a complete examination of the foot and ankle. This article also includes a practical approach to examination and diagnosis of the bunion deformity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nork
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Coughlin
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000293:injuries; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005684:Gait; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012421:Rupture; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000175:diagnosis; D013710:Tendons / Q000502:physiology