title: Pre-, intra- and postoperative staging of gastric carcinoma and clinical outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We compared preoperative (combined clinical and radiological staging and endoscopical Borrmann classification), intraoperative (by the surgeon: curative/palliative; R0/R1/R2-resection; intraoperative stage I to IV) and postoperative staging including histological results (pTNM) in respect of resectability and prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach were prospectively and consecutively included in the study protocol and were staged during the hospitalisation by the different specialists. Out of 215 patients with malignant tumors of the stomach, 153 were finally evaluated for the study. We excluded 62 patients with other malignancies or with a follow up of less than 6 months. Preoperative endoscopic Borrmann classification was done by the gastroenterologist, preoperative TNM-classification by the radiologist and surgeon, intraoperative classification by the surgeon and postoperative classification by the pathologist. All results were immediately described in the protocol. Follow-up and survival curves were performed by the Regional Tumor Registry and statistics by the Statistical Department of the University using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Log-Rank and Wilcoxon Test for significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative staging was unreliable and there was no relationship between preoperative and postoperative staging nor survival. In opposite intra- and postoperative staging correlated significantly between the different groups and with survival (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As long as preoperative staging systems are not improved (which may be in the future the case with endosonography), all operable patients with gastric carcinoma should undergo a laparotomy or laparoscopy, because only intraoperative evaluation of the surgeon allows a decision on a possible curative resection. Patients with stages I-III should be resected radically with complete dissection of lymph node compartments 1 and 2. This policy is justified especially in view of a minimal hospital mortality (3%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reinhart
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hassler
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Scheurer
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome