title: Controlled release of lidocaine from injectable gels and efficacy in rat sciatic nerve block.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methods of delaying the action of local anesthetics are important, since short duration of action limits their use in the treatment of postoperative and chronic pain. The present study evaluated the use of low-viscosity gels in prolonging the release of lidocaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Release of lidocaine from 2% lidocaine.HCl containing methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), sodiumcarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and poloxamer 407 (PO) gels was studied in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 37 degrees C. Commercial metylcellulose gel (MCcom) served as control. The in vivo efficacy of the respective gel formulations were evaluated in rats. The gel was injected into the vicinity of the sciatic nerve and nociception and motor function were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative amount of lidocaine released during 8 hr was slowest from the PO gel, followed by the CMC, HPMC and MC gels. The antinociceptive effect was not prevented by the motor block and lasted longest with the PO gel. Good linear and rank order correlation was obtained between in vitro and in vivo results. The microscopic examination of the tissue samples revealed only mild or no irritation of the skeletal muscle tissue by the PO, HPMC, and CMC gels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results poloxamer gel proved to be the most promising carrier for lidocaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paavola
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yliruusi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kajimoto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalso
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wahlström
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000378:metabolism*; D009407:Nerve Block; D010147:Pain Measurement; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D008012:Lidocaine