title: Xenobiotic metabolism in humans during early pregnancy: peroxidase-mediated oxidation and bioactivation of 2-aminofluorene.
abstract: Arylamines such as 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) are known teratogens and transplacental carcinogens in laboratory animal species. Although exposure of women to arylamines is likely to occur during pregnancy, how these chemicals are metabolized by the enzymes from the human conceptual tissues is currently unknown. Highly purified preparations of peroxidase isolated from human intrauterine conceptual tissues at 8 weeks of gestation were used to study in vitro metabolism of 2-AF. The oxidation of 2-AF was examined spectrophotometrically whereas the bioactivation was assessed from the covalent binding to protein and DNA using [3H] 2-AF. Using guaiacol as a model substrate, the purified preparations of peroxidase used exhibited a specific activity of 15-20 micromol/min/mg protein. 2-AF oxidation was found to be enzymatic in nature. Kinetic data obtained under optimal assay conditions yielded a Km = 41 microM for 2-AF, 8.33 microM for H2O2, and a Vmax=1.2 micromol 2-AF oxidized/min/mg protein. Under optimal assay conditions, the covalent binding of reactive intermediates to protein and DNA (nmol equivalent/min/mg enzyme/mg bovine serum albumin or calf thymus DNA) was observed at the rate of about 3.75 +/- 0.39 and 1.90 +/- 0.11 respectively. A significant decline in the rate of both oxidation and bioactivation of 2-AF was observed in the presence of classical peroxidase inhibitors, KCN and NaN3.
authors.affiliation: Florida Toxicology Research Center, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612-3805, USA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Murthy
mesh_terms: D001386:Azides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001711:Biotransformation; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011485:Protein Binding; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism; D019810:Sodium Azide; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001386:Azides; D005449:Fluorenes; D009153:Mutagens; D015262:Xenobiotics; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C012177:2-aminofluorene; D004247:DNA; D019810:Sodium Azide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010544:Peroxidases; D011190:Potassium Cyanide