title: Percutaneous multielectrode endocardial mapping during ventricular tachycardia in the swine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of critical areas within the ventricular tachycardia circuit is a prerequisite for catheter ablation. Currently, mapping during ventricular tachycardia, usually performed with standard catheters, is difficult and time-consuming and can be used only in patients with hemodynamically stable tachycardia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 43 pigs underwent closed-chest induction of myocardial infarction. A basket-shaped catheter carrying 64 electrodes was deployed in the left ventricle during normal sinus rhythm. Unipolar pacing at 3 mA was successful in 78% of the basket catheter electrodes, demonstrating good electrode-tissue contact. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements did not reveal any significant interference with myocardial or valvular function during or after catheter deployment. One hundred eighteen episodes of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia were induced in 28 pigs through right ventricular stimulation, 81 of which were mapped and analyzed. Ventricular tachycardia mapping was rapid, requiring only several beats and < 10 seconds to complete. Presystolic potentials, a possible target for ablation, were identified in 58% of the tachycardia episodes mapped. Pathological examination revealed only minor valvular and endocardial catheter-induced lesions immediately after mapping and none a month later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multielectrode catheter enables rapid and safe percutaneous endocardial mapping of ventricular tachycardia in the swine model. Exploration of the clinical potential of the multielectrode catheter seems warranted.
authors.affiliation: Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eldar
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ohad
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Whayne
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vered
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rotstein
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kordis
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Scheinman
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lesh
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Greenspon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping; D002404:Catheterization; D004452:Echocardiography; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D013552:Swine; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000503:physiopathology*