title: Early message expression of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma, but not of interleukin-2 and interleukin-10, reflects later polarization of primary CD4+ T cell cultures.
abstract: The CD4+ T cell subpopulation identified by the Mel-14high phenotype represents naive T cells that develop into T helper 1 (Th1) cells upon stimulation with anti-CD3 and interleukin (IL)-2; however, the addition of IL-4 induces the development of high IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10-secreting cells (IL-4 SC). Here, we investigate the timing of cytokine gene expression in purified naive, Mel-14high CD4+ T cells after stimulation under conditions that induce one of three dramatically different populations following secondary stimulation: anti-CD3 + IL-2 (Th1), anti-CD3 + IL-2 and IL-4 (IL-4 SC) and anti-CD3 + anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma/anti-IL-4 (null population). The skewing toward IL-4 SC development induced by IL-4 in the primary stimulation was clearly visible by 40 h. The message for IL-4 was absent at 20 h after stimulation, but was induced 30-100-fold by 40 h and was accompanied by a decrease in IFN-gamma message. The message for IL-5 was undetectable. The development of Mel-14high T cells into a Th1 population follows kinetics similar to those of the development of IL-4 SC in that IFN-gamma gene transcription was undetectable at 20 h and induced 100-fold by 40 h post-stimulation. This induction was inhibited by the inclusion of anti-IFN-gamma/anti-IL-4 during the primary stimulation. Finally, IL-10 message is present in both cultures that developed into IL-4 SC and those that developed into Th1 populations, in contrast to the differentiated cultures where there is a segregation between IL-10 and IFN-gamma expression. Undetectable levels of message for both IL-2 and IFN-gamma were seen in the null cultures, which expressed both IL-2 and IL-10 message. T cells identified by the Mel-14low phenotype develop into a population that secretes high levels of all cytokines tested, and this phenotype was revealed within 20 h after stimulation as determined by message analysis. These results demonstrate an early correlation of gene transcription for IL-4 and IFN-gamma, with the development of IL-4 SC and Th1 cells, and a lack of a correlation at these early time points for expression of IL-2, IL-5 and IL-10.
authors.affiliation: DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Gollob
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Coffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019041:L-Selectin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma