Evaluation of pediatric foot problems: Part II. The hindfoot and the ankle.
The bony development of the growing child can lead to a variety of hindfoot and ankle problems. Overuse injuries are common, often occurring in conjunction with symptomatic pes planus and plantar fasciitis. Predisposing structural differences such as Haglund's disease, os trigonum, rigid and flexible pes planus, and Sever's disease merit special attention, but treatment may require only patient education and conservative management. Sprains and fractures of growing joints, however, may have poor outcomes if ignored or missed.
Manusov
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Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Lillegard
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Raspa
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Epperly
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TD
D016512:Ankle Injuries; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis