title: Bedside transpyloric tube placement in the pediatric intensive care unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of placing transpyloric feeding tubes at the bedside without fluoroscopy in critically ill pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient population consisted of 90 patients (ages 1 week to 15 years, median age 9 months) admitted to a 26-bed pediatric intensive care unit in a university-affiliated pediatric hospital. Patient weights ranged from 2.4 to 100 kg with a median weight of 7.5 kg. Seventy-six patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated; one patient had a tracheotomy. A total of 24 patients were pharmacologically paralyzed; 38 patients were receiving catecholamine infusions, and 17 patients had intracranial monitoring devices in place. All had concurrent nasogastric suctioning. Nonweighted Silicone Rubber 6F or 8F nasoenteric tubes were inserted at the bedside using metoclopramide, air insufflation and positioning to achieve transpyloric passage. Blue-dyed water was instilled in 58 patients to test for reflux and confirm transpyloric position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful nonfluoroscopic bedside transpyloric (duodenal or jejunal) tube placement was verified radiographically in 84 (93%) patients; seven of these patients were less than 4 weeks of age. One patient had blue dye in the nasogastric fluids, consistent with duodenogastric reflux or failure of transpyloric passage. The abdominal radiographs confirmed the results of the blue dye test in all 58 patients. There were six (6.7%) unsuccessful attempts at transpyloric bedside tube placement: four were a result of hemodynamic instability, one was a result of oropharyngeal trauma, and one was due to intestinal malrotation. The average time for placement was 15 minutes with a range of 5 to 45 minutes. No complications from tube placement were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bedside placement of transpyloric feeding tubes is a safe and effective method to institute enteral feedings in critically ill pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Primary Children's Medical Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84113, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chellis
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D011708:Pylorus; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal