title: The parathyroid calcium receptor: a novel therapeutic target for treating hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: Parathyroid cells, C-cells, and certain cells in the kidney express a cell surface calcium (Ca2+) receptor which enables these cells to detect and respond to changes in the concentration of extracellular Ca2+. This receptor protein is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and shares limited sequence homology only with metabotropic glutamate receptors. The Ca2+ receptor is the primary physiological mechanism regulating the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and plays a pivotal role in maintaining systemic Ca2+ homeostasis. Compounds that act as Ca2+ receptor agonists are called calcimimetics because they mimic or potentiate the effects of extracellular Ca2+ on parathyroid cell function. NPS R-568 is a small organic calcimimetic compound that acts as a positive allosteric modulator to increase the sensitivity of the Ca2+ receptor to activation by extracellular Ca2+. In normal rats, orally administered NPS R-568 decreases plasma levels of PTH and Ca2+ and, at higher doses, increases plasma levels of calcitonin. The changes in the circulating levels of these two hormones explain the hypocalcemia caused by this compound. NPS R-568 also effectively lowers plasma PTH levels in normal humans and in rat models of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Calcimimetic compounds that target the Ca2+ receptor provide a novel therapeutic approach for treating primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
authors.affiliation: NPS Pharmaceuticals, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Steffey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins