title: Digital subtraction rotational angiography for aneurysms of the intracranial anterior circulation: injection method and optimization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To optimize parameters of rotational angiography for examination of the internal carotid circulation; to compare rotational angiography with standard digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the evaluation of aneurysms of the intracranial internal carotid circulation; and to determine tolerance and safety limits of prolonged internal carotid injection angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rotational angiograms were obtained during injection of the internal carotid circulation as part of the clinical angiographic evaluation of aneurysms in 41 patients. Injection rates, X-ray delays, and fields of view were studied retrospectively. Findings at rotational angiography and standard DSA were compared. Nonionic contrast material was injected over 6 seconds, and patients were studied before and after prolonged injection angiography by physical and laboratory examination, including measurement of blood pressure, pulse, and intracranial pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular conspicuity was equivalent at carotid injection rates of 4 and 5 mL/s delivered over 6 seconds. At 3 mL/s, more image manipulation was required to see small vascular structures. One-second X-ray delay combined with 6-second injection duration provided the best arterial depiction of intracranial vessels from start to end of rotational angiography. Maximal rotational resolution was with a 17-cm field of view. Identification of aneurysms and small vessels was equivalent at all injection rates. Aneurysm detection was equivalent with rotational angiography and DSA. In 9 of 31 aneurysms, the neck was defined more clearly with rotational angiography than with DSA, compared with 2 of 31 that were seen better with DSA. Aneurysms of the intracranial internal carotid circulation were seen with rotational angiography and not DSA in 12 of 41 cases. No change was noted in clinical or laboratory findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rotational angiography provided better definition of the aneurysmal neck and greater clarity of aneurysms than did DSA; it also improved the level of confidence in predicting the presence or absence of aneurysms, especially in the anterior communicating artery; however, in our small series it did not significantly increase the detection of aneurysms. Prolonged injection angiography was well tolerated in all patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Maravilla
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eskridge
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Winn
mesh_terms: D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C054871:ioversol