title: Gene expression and active virus replication in the liver after injection of duck hepatitis B virus DNA into the peripheral vein of ducklings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Duck hepatitis B virus is a member of the hepadnavirus family, which possesses strong hepatotropism. Duck hepatitis B virus DNA serves as a replicative template for producing biologically active virus particles after transfection into cell lines established from human hepatocellular carcinoma or into duck liver by direct injection of calcium phosphate-precipitated DNA. Our aim was to develop a new method of liver-specific gene expression after intravenous DNA delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We inoculated duck hepatitis B virus DNA with and without cationic liposomes, Lipofectin or LipofectAMINE, as DNA carries. Two weeks after a single intravenous injection of 10 or 50 micrograms of plasmid DNA containing a head-to-tail dimer of duck hepatitis B virus DNA into 25 one-day old ducklings, duck hepatitis B virus RNA transcripts including the pregenome replicative intermediate were detected by Northern blot in the liver of eight ducks (100%) of the Lipofectin group, five ducks (63%) of the LipofectAMINE group, and three ducks (50%) of the group which received DNA without carrier. Duck hepatitis B virus RNA transcription was almost exclusively liver specific, even though the liposomes had no tissue specificity. Replicative forms of duck hepatitis B virus DNA were detected in the liver and DHBsAg was observed in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes by immunostaining. The serum of transfected ducklings contained virus particles which were infectious in other ducklings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficient and liver-specific expression of inoculated DNA was due to the amplification of nucleic acids by active virus replication process under the control of hepatocyte specific regulation.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagawa
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Imazeki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002411:Cation Exchange Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004372:Ducks; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000502:physiology*; D018347:Hepadnaviridae Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015611:Hepatitis B Virus, Duck / Q000502:physiology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008081:Liposomes; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014680:Veins; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D002411:Cation Exchange Resins; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D008055:Lipids; C086724:Lipofectamine; D008081:Liposomes; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D012367:RNA, Viral; C020888:1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine