title: Carcinoma in Graves' disease.
abstract: Association of thyroid carcinoma in thyrotoxicosis is uncommon. Preoperative diagnosis of such association is difficult. In a retrospective study of 49 operated cases of Graves' disease (GD) such an association was found in four patients. Findings of a palpable nodule, calcification and a cold nodule on scanning in Graves' disease should increase suspicion for such an association and a frozen section study should be underken in all these cases during surgery to exclude possible co-existing malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis