title: An upregulation of interleukin-2 receptor, transferrin receptor expression and cytokine production mediated by hemin in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously reported that hemin-induced mitogenicity in mouse splenocytes was potentiated up to two-fold by interleukin (IL)-2, and the combination of hemin and IL-2 was also effective in inducing cytotoxicity for NK-resistant target cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hemin both on expression of membrane surface receptors and on production of cytokine in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human PBMC were obtained from 16 healthy volunteers. We analyzed hemin-mediated surface phenotypes of cells using flow cytometry, and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma in the culture-supernatant of cells by ELISA system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemin induced increased expression of both transferrin receptor and IL-2 receptor (CD25) on PBMC in a dose-dependent manner. When the combination of hemin (30 mumol/L) and IL-2 (100 U/mL) was added to the culture of PBMC, the population of double positive cells was increased up to 70.4%. These effects of hemin were enhanced by the addition of catalase in the culture. Treatment with hemin plus IL-2 effectively enhanced the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in PBMC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemin upregulated both IL-2 receptor and transferrin receptor expression, and stimulated TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production in PBMC. IL-2 cooperated with hemin in eliciting these effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinomiya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006427:Hemin / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008934:Mitogens; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006427:Hemin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002374:Catalase