title: Defining the role of aprotinin in heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart transplantation is associated with excessive bleeding due to recipient coagulopathy, frequent need for reoperative median sternotomy, and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass. Aprotinin reduces bleeding and the inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass, but there are concerns about efficacy and side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the role of aprotinin in primary and reoperative sternotomy heart transplantation, we studied 70 patients undergoing heart transplantation between August 1993 and October 1994. Thirty-eight undergoing primary sternotomy for heart transplantation and receiving no aprotinin were randomized to group A (n = 20); patients in group B (n = 18) received the full recommended dose. Similarly, 32 patients undergoing reoperative heart transplantation were randomized to group C (n = 16), receiving no aprotinin, and to group D (n = 16), receiving aprotinin at the full recommended dose. All patients received the same immunosuppression regimen. Similarities in the groups included recipient age, weight, preoperative hemodynamic indices, creatinine, creatinine clearance, platelet count, hemoglobin, percentage receiving warfarin, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and creatinine level at 48 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences postoperatively between groups A and B. Differences (p < 0.05) 24 hours postoperatively between groups C and D, respectively, included: total blood product requirement (5.9 +/- 3.8 versus 3.6 +/- 2.0 U), total fluid balance (+752 +/- 300 versus -250 +/- 185 mL), chest tube drainage (894 +/- 120 versus 526 +/- 95 mL), alveolar-arterial O2 difference (120.4 +/- 45.9 versus 95.5 +/- 33.5), and pulmonary artery mean pressures (28.2 +/- 4.6 versus 21.1 +/- 3.5 mm Hg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aprotinin decreases bleeding after reoperative heart transplantation without renal dysfunction. Decreased inflammation is manifested as reduced fluid requirement and improved pulmonary and right heart function, which benefit patients during the posttransplantation period. Aprotinin at recommended doses is effective and safe for patients undergoing reoperative heart transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7373, USA.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McClurken
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jeevanandam
mesh_terms: D007611:Aprotinin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D015505:Chest Tubes; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D007611:Aprotinin