title: FDA safety alert: hazards of precipitation associated with parenteral nutrition.
abstract: In April 1994, the Food and Drug Administration issued a Safety Alert regarding the hazards of precipitation associated with parenteral nutrition in response to reports of two deaths and at least two cases of respiratory distress in patients receiving three-in-one admixtures. The admixtures were thought to contain a precipitate of calcium phosphate, and patient autopsies revealed diffuse microvascular pulmonary emboli. The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition took an active role in informing its members of the alert and responding to their concerns. Release of the alert has caused nutrition practitioners to reevaluate their compounding practices, use of filters, prescribing practices for calcium and phosphate in parenteral nutrition solutions, and use of three-in-one admixtures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: McKinnon
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012995:Solubility; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration