title: Response of plasma lathosterol concentration to change in the quality of dietary fat in men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine the effect of replacing saturated fatty acids (SAFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet on plasma lathosterol concentration, an index of cholesterol synthesis, in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a randomised, cross-over trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six subjects were recruited and one dropped out. Twenty-nine men and 46 women with baseline plasma cholesterol levels in the range 5.5-7.9 mmol/l were entered into the trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were placed on two isocaloric diets, one rich in SAFA and the other high in PUFA, for 6 weeks each. Plasma lathosterol and lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When PUFA replaced SAFA in the diet, there was a significant (P = 0.01) fall in plasma lathosterol concentration in all subjects combined [-1.37 (-0.36 to -2.38) mumol/l] which was largely due to a significant (P = 0.03) decrease in men [-2.35 (-0.42 to -4.28) mumol/l] but not in women. The concomitant decreases in plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were similar in men and women. Plasma lathosterol concentration and the ratio lathosterol/cholesterol were significantly higher in men at baseline and during diets rich in SAFA but were not significantly different between the sexes during diets rich in PUFA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that replacing SAFA with PUFA in the diet may reduce cholesterol synthesis in mildly hypercholesterolaemic men and markedly reduce the gender-related difference in cholesterol synthesis commonly observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C001521:lathosterol; D002784:Cholesterol