title: Atropine augmentation in dobutamine stress echocardiography: role and incremental value in a clinical practice setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to evaluate the role and incremental value of atropine in a large patient group undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The use of atropine to potentiate dobutamine stress is not standard practice. Although the utility of atropine has been described, data on its incremental value remain limited and do not exist for a routine clinical practice setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dobutamine stress echocardiography was performed in 1,171 patients with use of a standard protocol. Atropine (maximal dose 2.0 mg) was given to 299 patients (26%) who did not attain target heart rate. Coronary angiography was performed in 183 patients (46 received atropine), 148 of whom were found to have significant coronary artery disease (> or = 70% diameter stenosis in a major epicardial vessel, > or = 50% stenosis for left main coronary artery disease). All tests were reviewed independently by experienced observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no major adverse events. Patients receiving atropine had a lower rest heart rate (65 vs. 74 beats/min, p < 0.0001) and more often received beta-adrenergic blocking agents (49% vs. 14%, p < 0.0001). Of 444 patients in whom stress-induced ischemia developed, 70 (16%) required atropine before ischemia became evident. Sensitivity for detection of significant coronary artery disease was 90% with dobutamine alone and 95% after the addition of atropine. In 66 patients with normal wall motion at rest, test sensitivity was 65% before and 84% after atropine was given. Atropine use did not compromise test specificity. New diagnostic information was obtained in 20 (50%) of 40 patients with angiographic coronary artery disease given atropine. Proportionately more patients with single-vessel disease required atropine before an ischemic response was observed; this effect appeared related to the higher ischemic threshold in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Augmentation of heart rate had a modest influence on the overall diagnostic sensitivity of dobutamine stress echocardiography in our study cohort. However, it was particularly helpful in patients receiving beta-blockers and those with milder coronary disease. Despite the use of > or = 1 mg of atropine in some patients, this incremental value was not achieved at the expense of safety.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pellikka
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: McCully
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001285:Atropine / Q000009:adverse effects; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004280:Dobutamine; D001285:Atropine