title: Localization and interaction of the cis-acting elements for abscisic acid, VIVIPAROUS1, and light activation of the C1 gene of maize.
abstract: The C1 regulatory gene of the maize anthocyanin pathway is regulated by a combination of developmental and environmental signals that include the Viviparous1 (Vp1) gene, abscisic acid (ABA), and light. Using protoplast electroporation and particle bombardment assays, we have defined c/s-acting elements that are necessary and sufficient for the activation of C1 by ABA, VP1, and light, respectively. The sequence from positions -142 to -132 (CGTCCATGCAT) is essential for VP1 activation, whereas a larger overlapping element from -147 to -132 (CGTGTCGTCCATGCAT) is necessary and sufficient for activation by ABA. A separate light (blue and red)-responsive c/s element is located between positions -116 and -59. Light interacts synergistically with the ABA and VP1 responses in transient expression assays, suggesting that combinatorial interaction between modules plays a role in integrating these signals in the developing seed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cocciolone
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Vasil
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McCarty
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D017796:Caulimovirus / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003624:Darkness; D018274:Electroporation; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005809:Genes, Regulator / Q000187:drug effects; D007438:Introns; D008027:Light; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016385:TATA Box; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000040:Abscisic Acid