title: Relationship of anxiety, stress, and psychosocial development to reproductive health.
abstract: In this review of articles on prenatal stress, anxiety, development, and reproductive health outcomes in pregnancy, the focus is on recent research in which the relationships among the major types of stressors, anxiety, and development, on the one hand, and maternal, fetal, and neonatal problems or complications, on the other hand, were examined. Available and effective treatment measures, although limited, are introduced and discussed at length in a follow-up article. Recommendations for policy development based on current research and treatment methods and directions for future research and treatment studies are presented in a third article.
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77755-1029, USA.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lederman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology