title: Prospective study of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in children given amoxicillin/clavulanate for otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate antibiotic-associated diarrhea and toxigenic Clostridium difficile in stool specimens obtained from children before and after 10 days of amoxicillin/clavulanate for otitis media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children, 12 to 47 months of age, treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate for otitis media in an outpatient setting were enrolled. Stool specimens were obtained at enrollment, when diarrhea occurred and at the end of therapy. All stool specimens were tested for C. difficile toxins A and B by enzyme immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six children who had stool specimens collected at enrollment and after therapy were included in the analysis. None had C. difficile toxin in stool specimens at enrollment. Six (27%) of 22 children with diarrhea, and 4 (7%) of 54 children without diarrhea had C. difficile toxin present at completion of therapy (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Toxigenic C. difficile was identified in 13% of children at the conclusion of amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy with a significantly higher frequency in children with diarrhea.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Pickering
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019818:Clavulanic Acid; D002969:Clavulanic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000382:microbiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002969:Clavulanic Acids; D010406:Penicillins; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D019818:Clavulanic Acid; D000658:Amoxicillin