title: Hormonal status, metabolic changes, and resting metabolic rate in beef heifers undergoing compensatory growth.
abstract: Twelve recently weaned Hereford crossbred heifers weighing 227 kg (12 kg SD) and aged 230 d (8 d SD) on d 0 were used to investigate physiological responses associated with compensatory growth. Six heifers were allotted to ad libitum intake (ADLIB) and six were restricted to a maintenance diet for 95 d followed by realimentation (REST). Plasma collected from all heifers during feed restriction (d 0, 20, 48) and realimentation (d 104, 125, 153, 195) was analyzed for growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), thyroid hormones (thyroxine [T4] and triiodothyronine [T3]), insulin, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and 3-methyl histidine (3-MH). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured 5 d before and 15 and 36 d after the beginning of realimentation. Feed restriction was associated with higher (P < .05) plasma concentrations of GH and NEFA and lower (P < .05) concentrations of IGF-I, T4, T3, insulin, and glucose. The BUN concentration was lower (P = .05) in REST than in ADLIB heifers on d 48, whereas 3-MH was not affected during the first 48 d of feed restriction. The RMR was lower (P < .05) in REST than in ADLIB heifers during feed restriction. During realimentation, the ADG of REST heifers was higher (P = .001) than that of ADLIB heifers. Concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, glucose, and NEFA in REST heifers increased and no differences (P > .05) between treatments were observed on d 104 (d 10 of realimentation) and thereafter. Conversely, GH concentration in REST heifers remained elevated through d 104 but dropped to ADLIB levels by d 125 (d 31 of realimentation). The T4 and T3 concentrations remained lower (P < .05) in REST than in ADLIB heifers after 10 d of realimentation but rose to control levels by d 31 of realimentation. The RMR was lower (P < .05) in REST than in ADLIB heifers 15 d into realimentation; however, no difference was found between treatments by d 36 of realimentation. These results indicate that enhanced growth rates in the early phase of compensatory growth are associated with the physiological response of the GH-IGF-I-insulin axis coupled with reduced maintenance requirement due to slower metabolic rate in restricted-refed heifers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Yambayamba
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Foxcroft
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008762:Methylhistidines / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D008762:Methylhistidines; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; C028118:3-methylhistidine