Translaminar lumbar epidural endoscopy: anatomy, technique, and indications.
This article describes a new technique to achieve access to the epidural space via a direct posterior portal. This minimally invasive technique allows treatment of disc protrusions and extrusions with full visualization and minimal dissection of the paraspinal musculature. Hemostasis, visualization, and triangulation is performed with standard arthroscopic instrumentation. The anatomy of, indications for, and advantages of this techniques are described.
De Antoni
D J
DJ
Instituto de Cirugia Artroscopica Buenos Aires, Instituto Medico Platense, Argentina.
Claro
M L
ML
Poehling
G G
GG
Hughes
S S
SS
D020679:Arthroscopes; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019723:Endoscopes; D004824:Epidural Space; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000601:surgery*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D013523:Surgical Equipment