title: Circulating levels of follistatin from puberty to menopause.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the changes in circulating levels of follistatin, a binding protein for activin and inhibin, through the reproductive life cycle in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open, prospective descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  An academic endocrine research unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prepubertal (n = 10), midpubertal (n = 7), and postpubertal (n = 25) (early adolescent) girls, normal cycling adult women (n = 8), postmenopausal women (n = 17), and men (n = 13) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal cycling women were given Nal-Glu GnRH antagonist for 3 days in the follicular phase of the cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum concentrations of follistatin determined in a heterologous RIA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follistatin levels did not change during puberty but were higher in adult and postmenopausal women. Levels of immunoreactive follistatin in men were lower than levels found in normal cycling women and postmenopausal women. Daily immunoreactive follistatin levels during the menstrual cycle remained constant and did not change significantly after ovarian suppression with GnRH antagonist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because dynamic changes of serum immunoreactive follistatin do not occur during ovarian activation (puberty), suppression, and age-related ovarian failure, the increase in immunoreactive follistatin levels in adult and postmenopausal women may implicate sources of follistatin other than the ovary.
authors.affiliation: University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kettel
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: DePaolo
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Apter
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D038681:Follistatin; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011627:Puberty / Q000097:blood*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D038681:Follistatin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; C057805:LHRH, N-Ac-2-Nal(1)-4-Cl-Phe(2)-3-Pal(3)-Arg(5)-Glu(6)-AlaNH2(10)-; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D007265:Inhibins