title: Determination of molecular mobility of lyophilized bovine serum albumin and gamma-globulin by solid-state 1H NMR and relation to aggregation-susceptibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Feasibility of solid-state 1H NMR for determining the mobility of protein molecules in lyophilized cakes was considered. The mobility in cakes with various levels of water content was studied in relation to aggregation-susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spin-spin relaxation time T2) of protons in lyophilized bovine serum albumin (BSA) and gamma-globulin (BGG) was measured as a function of hydration level by solid state 1H NMR using a 'solidecho' pulse sequence. Moisture-induced aggregation of the lyophilized proteins was also determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lyophilized BSA and BGG became susceptive to aggregation when water content exceeded about 0.2 g/g of protein. T2 of protein protons in the lyophilized cakes started to increase at lower water contents. The increase in aggregation susceptibility observed with increasing water content appears to follow the increase in T2 of protein protons. For lyophilized BGG, both aggregation and T2 of protein protons decreased at water contents above 0.5 g/g protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mobility of protein molecules in lyophilized cakes was successfully determined by solid-state 1H NMR. The aggregation susceptibility of proteins was strongly related to their molecular mobility as indicated by T2.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D005612:Freeze Drying; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011522:Protons; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005719:gamma-Globulins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D005719:gamma-Globulins; D014867:Water; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine