title: Metabolism of phenanthrene by the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.
abstract: The white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus, grown for 11 days in basidiomycetes rich medium containing [14C] phenanthrene, metabolized 94% of the phenanthrene added. Of the total radioactivity, 3% was oxidized to CO2. Approximately 52% of phenanthrene was metabolized to trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol) (28%), 2,2'-diphenic acid (17%), and unidentified metabolites (7%). Nonextractable metabolites accounted for 35% of the total radioactivity. The metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate, separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and UV spectroscopy analyses. 18O2-labeling experiments indicated that one atom of oxygen was incorporated into the phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol. Circular dichroism spectra of the phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol indicated that the absolute configuration of the predominant enantiomer was 9R,10R, which is different from that of the principal enantiomer produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Significantly less phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol was observed in incubations with the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor SKF 525-A (77% decrease), 1-aminobenzotriazole (83% decrease), or fluoxetine (63% decrease). These experiments with cytochrome P-450 inhibitors and 18O2 labeling and the formation of phenanthrene trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiol as the predominant metabolite suggest that P. ostreatus initially oxidizes phenanthrene stereoselectively by a cytochrome P-450 monoxygenase and that this is followed by epoxide hydrolase-catalyzed hydration reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bezalel
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hadar
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cerniglia
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011124:Polyporaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; C031181:phenanthrene