title: Nightmares and hallucinations after long-term intake of tramadol combined with antidepressants.
abstract: Tramadol is a weak opioid with effects on adrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission that is used to treat cancer pain and chronic non malignant pain. This drug was initiated in association with paroxetine and dosulepine hydrochloride in a tetraparetic patient with chronic pain. Fifty-six days after initiation of the treatment the patient presented hallucinations that only stopped after the withdrawal of psycho-active drugs and tramadol. The case report questions the long term use of pain killers combined with psycho-active drugs in chronic non malignant pain, especially if pain is under control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Clinic Gent University Hospital, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devulder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Laat
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dumoulin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Renson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rolly
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004308:Dothiepin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004325:Dreams / Q000187:drug effects; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D014147:Tramadol; D017374:Paroxetine; D004308:Dothiepin