title: The pharmacokinetics or oral and intravenous allopurinol and intravenous oxypurinol in the horse.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous allopurinol was studied in five horses and compared with intravenous oxypurinol. The plasma concentration vs. time curves, following intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg, were best described by the biexponential equations Cp = 106.58e(-25.14t) + 159.93e(-10.96t) for allopurinol and Cp = 321.09e(-9.72t) + 82.39e(-0.44t) for oxypurinol, with an elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of 0.09 h and an area under the curve (AUC) of 19.8 mumol.h/L after intravenous administration, while the t1/2 beta and AUC of oxypurinol were 1.09 h and 231 mumol.h/L, respectively. The bioavailability of allopurinol was low (14.3%), although no allopurinol was detected in the plasma of two horses after oral administration of allopurinol was equivalent to that of intravenously injected oxypurinol. The results suggest that allopurinol is rapidly metabolised in vivo and that the majority of the pharmacological activity of allopurinol in the horse may result from the action of the active metabolite, oxypurinol.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunnett
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006207:Half-Life; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D010117:Oxypurinol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000493:Allopurinol; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D010117:Oxypurinol