title: Para-Hisian pacing. A new method for differentiating retrograde conduction over an accessory AV pathway from conduction over the AV node.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differentiation between ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction over an accessory AV pathway (AP) and the AV node (AVN) may be difficult, especially in patients with a septal AP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new pacing method, para-Hisian pacing, was tested in 149 patients with AP and 53 patients without AP who had AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Ventricular pacing was performed adjacent to the His bundle and proximal right bundle branch (HB-RB), initially at high output to capture both RV and HB-RB. The output was then decreased to lose HB-RB capture. The change in timing and sequence of retrograde atrial activation between HB-RB capture and noncapture was examined. Loss of HB-RB capture without change in stimulus-atrial (S-A) interval or atrial activation sequence indicated exclusive retrograde AP conduction. An increase in S-A interval without change in His bundle-atrial interval or atrial activation sequence indicated exclusive retrograde AVN conduction. A change in atrial activation sequence indicated the presence of both retrograde AP and AVN conduction. Para-Hisian pacing correctly identified retrograde AP conduction in 132 of 147 AP patients, including all septal and right free wall APs. Retrograde AVN conduction masked AP conduction in 9 of 34 patients with a left free wall AP and 6 of 9 patients with the permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia. Para-Hisian pacing correctly excluded AP conduction in all 53 patients with AVNRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Para-Hisian pacing reliably identifies retrograde conduction over septal and right free wall APs, but AVN conduction may mask APs located far from the pacing site or with a long retrograde conduction time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otomo
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: McClelland
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Widman
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lazzara
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Jackman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013617:Tachycardia, Supraventricular / Q000503:physiopathology*