title: Carbaryl washoff from soybean plants.
abstract: Both the efficacy and fate of most foliar-applied pesticides may be affected by weather variables, especially rain. A multiple-intensity rainfall simulator was used to determine the effects of rainfall intensity and amount on concentrations of carbaryl (Sevin(R) XLS Plus) washed from soybean plants. Two hours after carbaryl was applied at 1.12 kg/ha, 25 mm of rain was applied at intensities of 13.0, 27.4, 53.8, or 105.1 mm/h. About 67% of the carbaryl on the plants was washed off by 25 mm of rain. Rainfall intensity affected carbaryl concentrations in washoff; higher concentrations occurred at lower intensities. Even though the experimental conditions were designed for "worst-case" conditions, washoff patterns suggested improved carbaryl rainfastness when compared to carbaryl (formulated as a wettable powder) washoff from cotton plants in earlier studies. Rainfall amount had a greater effect on carbaryl concentrations in washoff than rainfall intensity.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Soil and Water Research Unit, 4115 Gourrier Avenue, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808-4499, USA.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Southwick
mesh_terms: D012721:Carbaryl / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006813:Humidity; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011891:Rain; D013025:Glycine max / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012721:Carbaryl