title: The influence of the HLA-DRB1*13 allele on measles vaccine response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measles remains a public health threat in the United States with over 50,000 cases being reported from 1989 through 1991 with continued smaller outbreaks. Measles vaccine failure is in part to blame for these large-scale outbreaks. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are important determinants of immune response to measles virus and vaccine. To examine the influence that HLA polymorphisms may have on measles vaccine antibody response, we compared the distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles between measles vaccine nonresponders and hyper-responders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the seroprevalence of measles antibody in 881 school children immunized with measles-mumps-rubella-II at age 15 months using a whole virus IgG EIA. We performed class II HLA-DR typing by PCR with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) on 81 nonresponders (IgG seronegative) and 65 hyper-responders (from the upper 10th percentile of IgG levels of all subjects). We then compared the distribution of alleles between nonresponders and hyper-responders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles among nonresponders compared to hyper-responders was significantly different (p = 0.014). Nonresponders were significantly less likely to carry the HLA-DRB1*13 alleles than were hyper-responders (7.4% vs 16.2%;p = 0.02). Nonresponders also had an excess of HLA-DRB1*07 alleles (15.4% vs 6.2%; p = 0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of HLA-DRB1*13 alleles is associated with measles vaccine nonresponse. The absence of this allele has also been associated with susceptibility to other infectious diseases. The role of this gene in the immunogenetic response to infectious diseases requires further study.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hayney
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Poland
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schaid
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lipsky
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005838:Genotype; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D008458:Measles Vaccine