Burning radionuclide question: what happens to iodine, cesium and chlorine in biomass fires?
Fires can mobilize radionuclides from contaminated biomass through suspension of gases and particles in the atmosphere or solubilization and enrichment of the ash. Field and laboratory burns were conducted to determine the fate of I, Cs and Cl in biomass fires. Straw, wood, peat, dulse (seaweed) and radish plants were combusted with temperatures varying from 160 to 1000 degrees C, representing the normal range of field fire temperatures. Loss to the atmosphere increased with fire temperature and during a typical field fire, 80-90% of the I and Cl, and 40-70% of the Cs was lost to the atmosphere. The remainder was left behind in the ash and was soluble. Typically, the ash was enriched in I by a factor of two to three, with higher enrichments of Cs and lower enrichments of Cl, when compared to the initial fuel concentration during field burns. Most of the I was lost to the atmosphere as a gas. If the elements were radioactive isotopes, such as 129I, 137Cs and 36Cl, fires could cause an increased radiological dose to people through inhalation, exposure to ash, or ingestion of plants because of increased uptake of ash leachate.
Amiro
B D
BD
Environmental Science Branch, AECL Whiteshell Laboratories, Pinawa, Manitoba, Canada.
Sheppard
S C
SC
Johnston
F L
FL
Evenden
W G
WG
Harris
D R
DR
D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D018533:Biomass; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000032:analysis*; D005390:Fires; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature
D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D002713:Chlorine