title: Color coordinates for assessment of dietary vitamin E effects on beef color stability.
abstract: Color stability was investigated in longissimus lumborum (LL), semimembranosus (SM), and gluteus medius (GM) muscles from Holstein steers fed diets including doses of alpha-tocopheryl acetate that were 0 (EO), 250 (E250), 500 (E500), and 2,000 (E2000) mg.steer-1.d-1 for 42 or 126 d. Longissimus lumborum was aged for 14, 28, and 56 d and GM and SM were aged for 14 d. Effects of vitamin E dose on retention of redness (a*), yellowness (b*), color saturation (chroma), and proportions of redness and yellowness (hue angle) following an aging period of 14 d were E2000 > E500 = E250 > EO (P < .01). Effectiveness of dose duration on the color parameters was 126 d > 42 d (P < .01). Dietary vitamin E supplementation stabilized redness and color saturation, decreased yellowness, and extended color display life of fresh beef. A technique for estimation of color display life based on hue angle measurements of fresh beef is described. Color display life estimates based on hue angle measurements were more consistent with vitamin E supplementation effects on metmyoglobin percentage and hue angle than were estimates obtained from the metmyoglobin threshold method. Color display life across LL, SM, and GM stored until d 14 and then displayed under simulated retail conditions was extended (P < .01) 2.0 (E250) to 5.0 d (E2000). Coefficients of determination for regressions of color display life on muscle alpha-tocopherol concentration were .81, .64, and .63 in LL, SM, and GM muscles aged 14 d, respectively. Supplementation of 500 mg of alpha-tocopheryl acetate per steer daily improved (P < .01) the mean color display life of these three muscles by 2.3 d, or 100%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Meat and Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706-1284, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Scheller
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Arp
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frigg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005524:Food Technology; D005527:Food, Fortified; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D008786:Metmyoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008786:Metmyoglobin; D014810:Vitamin E