title: Management of urinary calculi associated with renal failure.
abstract: Three hundred and sixty patients of urinary calculi associated with renal failure were included in this prospective study. The male to female ratio was 4.1:1 while adult to paediatric ratio was 6.5:1. One hundred and eighteen (32.8%) patients presented with calculus anuria while 242 (67.2%) were admitted with symptoms of chronic renal failure. Serum creatinine at the time of first admission ranged from 3-35 mg/100 ml. In the initial management, percutaneous needle nephrostomy was done in 217 cases, dialysis in 106, dialysis and PCN in 22 and retrograde catheterisation followed by JJ stent in 15. Definitive surgical procedures were undertaken in 277 cases; 29 passed stones spontaneously after PCN. At two year follow-up 72% patients of calculus anuria and 49.5% of calculus renal failure improved their renal function and remained with serum creatinine below 2 mg/100 ml. There was 13.6% mortality in calculus anuria group and 17.4% in calculus renal failure. Overall loss to follow-up was 7.6% and 12% in the two groups respectively.
authors.affiliation: Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Naqvi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adib-ul-Hassan Rizvi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*