title: Evidence for three major transcription activation elements in the proximal mouse proalpha2(I) collagen promoter.
abstract: In vivo transient expression and in vitro transcription experiments indicated that a segment between -170 and -40 bp upstream of the start of transcription of the mouse proalpha2(I) collagen gene was essential to activate transcription. DNase I protection experiments identified three strong footprints in this segment. Experiments with deletion mutants encompassing the sequences defined by these three footprints indicated that each of the three elements contributed to the transcriptional activity of the promoter. All three elements are GC-rich, redundant sites for a complex set of DNA binding proteins that includes SP1, other proteins that bind to an SP1 consensus site and proteins that bind to a Krox consensus site. In addition, the segment corresponding to the most proximal footprint also binds the multimeric CCAAT binding protein CBF. Addition of an excess amount of oligo- nucleotides corresponding to either of the two distal footprints significantly inhibited in vitro transcription of the -350 bp proalpha2(I) collagen promoter. Anti-SP1 antibodies that completely inhibited transcription of the early SV40 promoter had little effect on transcription of the wild-type -350 bp promoter, suggesting that SP1 has only a minor role in activity of this promoter. Our results show that the segment between base pairs -170 and -40 of the proalpha2(I) collagen promoter, which contains redundant binding sites for a complex set of nuclear proteins, is essential in the transcriptional activity of this promoter in fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ruteshouser
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Maity
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Crombrugghe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011347:Procollagen / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011347:Procollagen; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor