title: Controlled pressure reperfusion of rat pulmonary grafts yields improved function after twenty-four-hours' cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary graft recipients commonly have a degree of pulmonary hypertension. Immediate reperfusion of stored pulmonary grafts at supraphysiologic or even physiologic pressures may be detrimental to subsequent function. We wished to test the hypothesis that initial reperfusion of pulmonary grafts at low pressures may be beneficial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an isolated, ventilated rat lung model, perfused by an extracorporeal veno-venous circuit from a support animal. Three groups of donor lungs (n = 5 each) were flushed with cold University of Wisconsin solution. Group I was reperfused immediately at physiologic pressure to provide control values. Group II grafts were stored at 4 degrees C for 24 hours and reperfused at physiologic pressure. Group III grafts were also stored at 4 degrees C for 24 hours but reperfused according to a protocol of reduced pressure initially, with increments every 15 minutes up to physiologic levels by 60 minutes. Grafts and support animals were ventilated with room air. Graft function was assessed over a 2-hour period with regard to oxygenation, vascular resistance, peak airway pressure, and the wet/dry weight ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grafts in group II functioned poorly at 2 hours compared with control values: group II: oxygen tension 68 +/- 4 mm Hg; pulmonary vascular resistance 2488 +/- 675 x 10(3) dyne.sec/cm5; peak airway pressure 32 +/- 1 mm Hg wet/dry wright ratio 9.1 +/- Group I: oxygen tension 136 +/- 2 mm Hg; pulmonary vascular resistance 120 +/- 3 x 10(3) dyne.sec/cm5; peak airway pressure 13 +/- 1 mm Hg and wet/dry weight ratio 3.6 +/- 0.3; p < 0.001 all parameters except pulmonary vascular resistance: p < 0.05. In contrast, grafts undergoing controlled pressure reperfusion (group III) achieved function comparable with baseline values at 2 hours: oxygen tension 137 +/- 3 mm Hg; pulmonary vascular resistance 132 +/- 7 x 10(3) dyne. sec/cm5; peak airway pressure 13 +/- 1 mm Hg; wet/dry weight ratio 4.1 +/- 0.3 (p = Not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pressure at which pulmonary grafts are initially reperfused appears to be critical to their subsequent integrity. A protocol of controlled reperfusion may reduce reperfusion injury and improve graft function in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Manchester, Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Hopkinson
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bhabra
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Odom
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bridgewater
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Van Doorn
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hooper
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D011887:Raffinose / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose