title: Surgical treatment of hepatolithiasis: long-term results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatolithiasis is a common disease in East Asia and is prevalent in Taiwan. Surgical and nonsurgical procedures for management of hepatolithiasis have been discussed, but long-term follow-up results of surgical treatment of hepatolithiasis are rarely reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of case records of patients with hepatolithiasis who underwent surgical or nonsurgical percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy treatment. Of 614 patients with hepatolithiasis seen between January 1984 and December 1988, 427 underwent follow-up after surgical (380) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (47) treatment for 4 to 10 years and constituted the basis of this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-term results of 427 patients with hepatolithiasis after surgical and nonsurgical treatment within 4 to 10 years of follow-up were recurrent stone rate 29.6% (105 of 355), repeated operation 18.7% (80 of 427), secondary biliary cirrhosis 6.8% (29 of 427), late development of cholangiocarcinoma 2.8% (12 of 427), and mortality rate 10.3% (44 of 427). The patients with hepatectomy had a better quality of life (symptom-free) with a lower recurrent stone rate (9.5%), lower mortality rate (2.1%), and lower incidence of secondary biliary cirrhosis (2.1%) and cholangiocarcinoma (0%) than did the nonhepatectomy group (p < 0.01). The patients without residual stones after choledochoscopy had a better quality of life than did the residual stone group (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term follow-up study of hepatolithiasis after surgical treatment revealed a high recurrent stone rate (29.6%) that required repeated surgery and a high mortality rate (10.3%) resulting from repeated cholangitis, secondary biliary cirrhosis, and late development of cholangiocarcinoma. Patients who received hepatectomy or without residual stones after choledochoscopy had a good prognosis and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002137:Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies