title: Video-assisted cardiac surgery in closure of atrial septal defect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Video-assisted endoscopy has been applied in the management of a variety of intrathoracic vascular lesions. Here we report its use in the correction of intracardiac congenital defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients (3 male and 5 female) underwent operation for closure of an atrial septal defect. The patients ranged in age from 2.0 to 60.9 years (mean, 19.2 +/- 19.0 years). The patients weighed 11 to 66 kg (mean, 41.3 +/- 23.5 kg). The ratio of pulmonary blood flow to systemic blood flow ranged from 2.0 to 6.0 (mean, 3.4 +/- 1.3). The mean pulmonary artery pressure was 19.7 +/- 4.0 mm Hg (range, 13 to 24 mm Hg). The operations were performed through a right anterior minithoracotomy and guided by video-assisted endoscopic techniques under femorofemoral or femoral-right atrial extracorporeal circulation. The aorta was not cross-clamped, and the myocardium was protected by continuous coronary perfusion with hypothermic fibrillatory arrest (rectal temperature, 22.0 degrees +/- 2.0 degrees C). Transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring was maintained during the operations. The right atrium was entered after pericardiotomy. Primary closure of the defect was performed successfully in all patients. Conventional nondisposable instruments were used for dissection, grasping, suturing, and hemostasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The durations of extracorporeal circulation and operation ranged from 47 to 126 minutes (mean, 80 +/- 31 minutes) and from 2.2 to 4.5 hours (mean, 3.1 +/- 0.8), respectively. All patients recovered from the operation rapidly with an uneventful postoperative course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience demonstrates that video-assisted cardiac surgery is technically feasible and can be used with excellent results for the repair of congenital heart defects in general.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording