title: Initial exposure to 30 kV/m or 60 kV/m 60 Hz electric fields produces temporary cessation of operant behavior of nonhuman primates.
abstract: In two separate experiments, we examined the effects of a 60 Hz electric field (EF) on performance of an operant schedule consisting of two signaled components: fixed-ratio (FR30) and differential reinforcement of low-rate (DRL20). In each experiment, 12 naive baboons (Papio cynocephalus) were assigned randomly to either an EF-exposed experimental group or a sham-exposed control group. A homogeneous vertical EF of 30 kV/m was used in one experiment; 60 kV/m was used in the other. The experimental design for both experiments included 6 week preexposure, exposure, and postexposure periods. The planned analyses indicated no evidence of statistically significant (P < .05) effects of EF exposure. However, exploratory analyses comparing performance during the last week of preexposure and the first week of exposure revealed statistically significant acute effects (work stoppage): The mean response rates of the EF-exposed groups were greatly reduced on day 1 of exposure but were normal by the end of day 2 of EF exposure. We hypothesize that introduction of a highly unusual stimulus, the EF, temporarily interfered with normal operant behavior to produce a primary work stoppage. Supplementary cross-over experiments added at the end of each main experiment indicated that work stoppage occurred again when formerly EF-exposed subjects served as sham-exposed controls, while other subjects received their first EF exposure. Presumably, reoccurrence of other stimuli correlated with initial exposure to the EF became sufficient to subsequently cause secondary work stoppage in the absence of direct EF exposure. The primary and secondary work-stoppage effects were reproducible.
authors.affiliation: Biosciences and Bioengineering Department, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78228-0510, USA.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004867:Equipment Design; D008297:Male; D010215:Papio; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D013997:Time Factors