title: A meta-analysis of the association of the deletion allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ACE gene is characterized by a polymorphism based on the presence (insertion [I]) or absence (deletion [D]) within intron 16 of a 287-basepair alu repeat sequence, resulting in three genotypes (DD and II homozygotes and ID heterozygotes). In 1992, the DD genotype was reported to be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Subsequent studies have produced conflicting findings. To further evaluate the association of the ACE I/D genotype with MI risk, we carried out a meta-analysis of all the published studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 15 studies containing 3394 MI cases and 5479 control subjects were analyzed. The overall distribution of genotypes in the control subjects was 22.7% II, 49.0% ID, and 28.3% DD. The mean odds ratio for MI for DD versus ID/II genotypes across all studies was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15, 1.39; P < .0001). Pairwise odds ratios were 1.36 (95% CI, 1.19, 1.55) for DD and II, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.11, 1.38) for DD and ID, and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.96, 1.23) for ID and II. The relative risk appeared to be increased in Japanese populations (2.55; 95% CI, 1.75, 3.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of the available data, the meta-analysis therefore supports an association of the ACE D allele with MI risk and strengthens the justification for further evaluation in appropriately powered studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Samani
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Channer
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A