title: Does consumption of beer, alcohol, and bitter substances affect bitterness perception?
abstract: The relation between consumption of beer, alcohol, and bitter substances was investigated by comparing 20 each of male adults, low users ( < 720 ml/week) and high users ( > 3.61/week) of beer for sensitivity to and like/dislike for the bitterness of isohumulones. Intake of beer, alcohol, and bitter substances was measured with a food frequency questionnaire and a 14-day recall journal. Intake of alcohol (including alcohol from sources other than beer) and bitter substances was higher for high users of beer than for low users. The average bitterness units (BUs) in the beers consumed by the two groups did not differ, indicating that high users do not consume more bitter beers than low users. Detection thresholds for isohumulones in water did not differ between the two groups, but high users had higher difference thresholds for isohumulones in beer (p < 0.10). In time-intensity measurements of bitterness in beer, low users of beer recorded significantly higher maximum intensities (p < 0.001) and shorter total durations (p < 0.001) than high users, with no difference between the two groups for time to maximum intensity and area under the TI curve. There was no significant difference between the two groups for BUs of beers produced by ad lib mixing of low- and high-bitterness beers, or for mean hedonic ratings of various concentrations of isohumulones in beer. These results suggest that intakes of beer, alcohol, and bitter substances are not major determinants of taste responses to the bitterness of isohumulones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Guinard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zoumas-Morse
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amoros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects*; D013652:Taste Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol