Detoxification of paraquat poisoning: effects of carbohydrate sulfate, alkylsulfate and alkylsulfonate on active oxygen.
The potency of carbohydrate sulfate (dextran sulfate, DS; glucose sulfate, GS), alkyldisulfonate (butane-disulfonate, BDS; propanedisulfonate, TDS) and polyvinyl sulfate (PVP) as the quencher of active oxygen species was studied. Co-incubation of GS, BDS or TDS and tert-butylhydroperoxide together with human erythrocytes resulted in a marked decrease in hemolysis relative to the hemolysis induced by peroxide alone. DS and PVP exhibited no suppressive effect. When hemolysis was induced by a singlet oxygen derived from a photosensitizer-coupled reaction, PVP, BDS and TDS lowered its extent by 30-40%. DS and GS did not exhibit any effect on singlet oxygen-induced hemolysis. The quenching effect towards hydroxyl radical was assessed by investigating the protective effect on DNA strand breakage which was introduced by the Fenton reaction and enzymatic reduction of paraquat (PQ). The result showed that BDS and TDS are potent hydroxyl radical scavengers. All compounds examined here failed to reduce PQ toxicity assessed by the inhibition of E. coli cell growth. In addition, all compounds had no effect on the magnitude of PQ-induced induction of superoxide dismutase in E. coli. These results strongly suggest that low-molecular weight alkyldisulfonates, BDS and TDS, are potent scavengers of peroxyl, alkoxyl and hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen although these reagents cannot interact with superoxide anion radicals.
Tsuchiya
T
T
Gifu Prefectural Hospital, Japan.
Imaeda
A
A
Kiho
T
T
Ukai
S
S
D000476:Alkanesulfonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology; D010269:Paraquat / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D010545:Peroxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis
D000476:Alkanesulfonates; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D006540:Herbicides; D010545:Peroxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010269:Paraquat