title: An improved plasmid DNA expression vector for direct injection into skeletal muscle.
abstract: In previous work, the direct injection of 50 micrograms of a plasmid DNA vector encoding firefly luciferase (VR1205) into murine quadriceps muscle produced an average of 6.5 ng of luciferase per muscle at 7 days postinjection. In this report, various elements of the VR1205 vector were modified to increase gene expression levels or to eliminate undesired viral sequences. Expression of the modified vectors was then compared to VR1205 using the intramuscular injection assay. In general, modifications to promoter, enhancer, and intronic sequences either decreased luciferase expression levels or had no effect. However, modifications to the polyadenylation and transcriptional termination sequences, plasmid backbone elements, and the luciferase gene itself each increased luciferase expression levels. The best-expressing vector, designated VR1255, contained a combination of these incrementally beneficial changes. A single intramuscular injection of 50 micrograms of VR1255 produced 300 ng of luciferase at 7 days postinjection, an expression level 46-fold higher than the VR1205 vector (or 22-fold higher, excluding modifications to the luciferase gene) and 154-fold higher than a commercially available luciferase expression vector. Thus, VR1255 represents an improved plasmid DNA vector that may be useful for gene therapy applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Vical Incorporated, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartikka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawdey
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cornefert-Jensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Margalith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barnhart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nolasco
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Vahlsing
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marquet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hobart
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manthorpe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007438:Introns; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics*; D011061:Poly A / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013728:Terminator Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011061:Poly A; D008156:Luciferases