title: Potentiation of antitumor and antimetastatic activities of adriamycin by a novel N-alkylated dihydropyridine, AC394, and its enantiomers in colon cancer-bearing mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously shown that a series of N-alkylated 1,4-dihydropyridines potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of vincristine in vincristine-resistant P388 leukemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of one of the compounds, AC394, and its enantiomers to potentiate the antitumor activity of adriamycin against colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of AC394 on potentiation of adriamycin cytotoxicity and enhancement of its accumulation were evaluated using colon 26, HCT-15 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the activities of AC394 and its enantiomers were compared. We also studied the combined effects of (+)-AC394 and adriamycin on subcutaneously (s.c.)-implanted and liver metastasis tumor models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AC394 potentiated the cytotoxicity of adriamycin and enhanced its accumulation in colon cancer cells (colon 26 and HCT-15), which are known to express P-GP (P-glycoprotein) intrinsically. Enhancement of adriamycin accumulation by AC394 was found in s.c.-implanted colon 26 cells in vivo. Although both enantiomers of AC394 showed equal activity in vitro, (+)-AC394 was more effective than (-)-AC394 given orally. (-)-AC394 was found to be cleared more rapidly from the plasma than (+)-AC394. Thus, (+)-AC394 was evaluated for further study. Administration of (+)-AC394 significantly potentiated the antitumor activities of adriamycin in human colon cancer HCT-15 cells implanted s.c. Furthermore, in the liver metastasis model using colon 26 cells, a model completely resistant to adriamycin, the combination therapy of adriamycin with (+)-AC394 produced superior antitumor effects over adriamycin alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A newly synthesized N-alkylated 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, (+)-AC394, showed superior effects on the potentiation of adriamycin antitumor and antimetastatic activities in vivo. These results suggest that this combination may have therapeutic efficacy not only against primary colon cancers but also against metastatic liver cancer.
authors.affiliation: Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morinaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohsumi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuruo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003106:Colon / Q000737:chemistry; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C100842:AC 394; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D004317:Doxorubicin