title: Treatment of postoperative pain with thoracic epidural morphine in oral malignant tumor patients.
abstract: METHODS
  Thoracic epidural morphine was administered to five patients who underwent radical resection and reconstructive surgery for oral malignant tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In case 1, an epidural catheter was inserted at the T3-T4 interspace, and 4 mg morphine was administered through the catheter approximately 5 h before the end of surgery. Forty-five minutes after the end of surgery, a total of 10 mg morphine was continuously infused over a 2-day period using a balloon infusion system. The patient did not complain of pain, and no other analgesics were necessary. There were no serious side effects throughout the treatment of postoperative pain. Good control of pain was obtained by this method in four similar cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracic epidural morphine was effective in the relief of postoperative pain following oral surgery in five cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Toshiba-Rinkan Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakuramoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matoba
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Asato
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine