title: Gender does not influence sympathetic neural reactivity to stress in healthy humans.
abstract: Previous data support the idea of heightened sympathetically mediated cardiovascular reactivity in males. However, definitive conclusions cannot be made because of inconsistent reports, possibly stemming from imprecise measurement of sympathetic activity and/or failure to equate the stress stimuli between genders. The present study tested the hypothesis that males exhibit heightened sympathetic reactivity that is associated with heightened cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses. In 37 healthy adults (20 males, 17 females: age = 20-42 yr), direct recordings of skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), plasma catecholamines, heart rate, blood pressure, and perceived stress were measured before and during three laboratory stressors (isometric handgrip, cold pressor, and mental arithmetic). MSNA, catecholamine, and cardiovascular reactivity (defined as change from rest) were not consistently different between genders. For the isometric handgrip, when expressed as absolute unit changes, males had larger MSNA responses (P < 0.01), which were partially explained by greater contraction force; they did not differ in terms of percent change from baseline or in perceived stress. The responses to the cold pressor and mental arithmetic tasks were similar between genders. These findings indicate that stress-evoked vasoconstrictor neural excitation and the associated increases in blood pressure are not consistently influenced by gender.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition and Diabetes Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix 85016, USA.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spraul
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Matt
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Seals
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ravussin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D012016:Reference Values; D012649:Self Concept; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines