Impact of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in pediatric patients: complications and long-term follow-up.
OBJECTIVE
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of urinary stones is a well-established treatment modality applied to adult patients. We report on the technique, complications, and long-term results of ESWL in pediatric patients.


METHODS
Between 1987 and 1994, 27 children with stones distributed throughout the urinary tract were treated with ESWL. The treatments were performed either under general anesthesia or intravenous sedation. No complications occurred secondary to the treatments. A total of 34 ESWL sessions were performed with an average of 2,165 shocks per patient and a mean energy of 22.3 kV.


RESULTS
Minor early complications, such as fever, pain, and hydronephrosis, were seen in 7 patients. The overall stone-free rate was 92%. No late complications, such as renal insufficiency, pulmonary dysplasia, or skeletal deformation, were detected during a mean follow-up period of 46 months.


CONCLUSIONS
ESWL is a safe and reliable treatment even in the pediatric patient.
Gschwend
J E
JE
Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Germany.
Haag
U
U
Hollmer
S
S
Kleinschmidt
K
K
Hautmann
R E
RE
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000628:therapy*