title: Frequent microsatellite instabilities and analyses of the related genes in familial gastric cancers.
abstract: Microsatellite instability or replication error seems to be related to defective DNA mismatch repair genes, such as hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1 and hPMS2, which have been identified as causative genes of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC). Recently, it was reported that mutations at the simple repeated sequences in the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor (TGF-beta RII) gene occurred in replication error-positive colorectal cancers. To determine genetic alterations in familial gastric cancers (FGC, we examined replication error using eight microsatellite DNA markers, and screened mutations in the hMSH2, hMLH1 and TGF-beta RII genes in six cases from four FGC kindreds. Moreover, hMTH1, a human homolog of the bacterial mutT gene, was also screened. Four of six (67%) cancers showed the replication error-positive phenotype, indicating that microsatellite instability is highly associated with not only HNPCC, but also FGC. No germline mutation was found in the whole coding sequences of hMSH2 and hMTH1, or in the conservative regions of hMLH1 in any patient, while one cancer DNA showed a somatic mutation at codon 682 (threonine to alanine) in hMSH2. No alteration was found at the small repeated sequences in TGF-beta RII in FGC tumor DNA. These results indicate that the carcinogenetic process of FGC may be different from that of HNPCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Oncology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakasaki
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nihei
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomizu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuasa
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D001483:Base Sequence; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C088859:MLH1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein