title: Interbreed differences in the efficacy of 1% deltamethrin pour-on to protect small livestock against infestation with Ixodes rubicundus (Acari:Ixodidae).
abstract: Synthetic pyrethroid pour-on compounds have been developed for use on cattle but many are now also registered for the control of ectoparasites on small ruminants. The breed of small livestock has been known to influence the efficacy of various pour-ons and we hypothesized that differences in the duration of protection afforded by a synthetic pyrethroid pour-on against ticks on small livestock, would be greatest between hairy and woolly breeds. Angora goats with mohair, Dorper sheep with hairy wool, and Merino sheep with wool were treated with 1% m/v deltamethrin pour-on with an oil base at a dosage rate of 1 ml 5 kg-1 body mass. The duration of effective protection against Ixodes rubicundus, the Karoo paralysis tick, was determined under field conditions. Angora goats proved to be the highest risk group, but were afforded the least protection. Efficacy never reached 100% in this group and within 3 weeks the goats were already at risk of paralysis. Dorper sheep were afforded above 90% protection for 3 weeks and 85% after 4 weeks. In the case of the Merino sheep efficacy of protection remained above 90% up to 7 weeks post-treatment and was still 87% during Week 8. Differences in the amount of sebum and suint in the epidermis of the different breeds may be responsible for differences in the rate of spread and the rate of dilution of the active compound in the epidermis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Loomes
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Oberem
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases; D006041:Goats; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018884:Ixodes / Q000502:physiology; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases; D013019:South Africa; D013045:Species Specificity; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin