title: Enhanced cytochemical detection of viral proteins and RNAs using double-sided labeling and light microscopy.
abstract: We have developed a double-sided labeling technique for detecting viral proteins or RNAs in plastic-embedded leaf tissue by immunocytochemistry or in situ hybridization, respectively, and light microscopy. The signal from the target was enhanced by double-sided labeling when compared with single-sided labeling because sections were submerged in labeling solutions with both sides accessible to antibodies or complementary RNAs. The additional label was visible during microscopic analysis. Background signal was decreased since the tissue was probed and washed under conditions where folds and creases in the tissue were minimized. This technique uses the same equipment and chemicals as for single-sided labeling, and thus adjustments for reagent expenditures are not necessary. The procedure should be applicable to animal and plant tissue.
authors.affiliation: Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73402, USA.
authors.forename: X S
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D010944:Plants / Q000821:virology; D015347:RNA Probes; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017898:Tobamovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015347:RNA Probes; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins