title: Menstrual and reproductive history of mothers of galactosemic children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that female carriers of the galactosemia gene (mothers of galactosemic children) experience impaired fecundability and earlier age at natural menopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study comparing experiences of mothers of galactosemic children with mothers of children with phenylketonuria (PKU). Data collection consisted of a structured telephone interview with sections on menstrual, reproductive, and medical histories.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred three galactosemia carriers and 116 PKU carriers (mean age 35.0 and 38.4 years, respectively), recruited from 38 metabolic disease clinics throughout the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time-to-pregnancy (a measure of fecundability), menstrual cycle patterns, and natural menopause.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was seen between carriers of the galactosemia and the PKU gene in history of > or = 12 months of unprotected intercourse without a pregnancy, physician-diagnosed infertility, or amenorrhea lasting > 6 weeks. The fecundability ratio, adjusting for age and smoking before most recent pregnancy, was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85 to 1.61). By age 45, 11% of galactosemia carriers who had not had a hysterectomy reported a natural menopause compared with 4% of PKU carriers (risk difference 7.2%, 95% CI -12.7% to 27.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fecundability and other measures of fertility did not differ between mothers of galactosemic children and mothers of children with PKU. Suggestions of an earlier age at natural menopause can not be addressed definitively in this cohort because of the small number of participants who were currently age 45 years or older but may warrant additional assessment as the cohort ages.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sayle
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Savitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002386:Cataract / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005693:Galactosemias / Q000235:genetics*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female; D008499:Medical Records; D008572:Menarche; D008593:Menopause; D008598:Menstruation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012098:Reproduction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors