title: [Heart surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass, and organic inflammatory response. Part II: changes in leukocytes, arachidonic acid derivatives, and hormones].
abstract: The use of cardiopulmonary bypass for surgical cardiac procedures is characterized by a whole-body inflammatory reaction due to the contact of blood through nonendothelialized surfaces; this stimulates the organism to recognize the cardiopulmonary bypass system as "nonself" and to activate specific (immune) and nonspecific (inflammatory) responses. These responses are then related with postoperative damage to many body systems of the body, like pulmonary, renal or brain dysfunction, excessive bleeding and postoperative sepsis. In this paper, present knowledge on untoward responses of the patient to cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery is reviewed and discussed, particularly focusing on the perturbation of the leukocytes, of the hormones and of the products of the arachidonic acid cascade.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Cardiochirurgia I, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Centro Cardiologico Fondazione I Monzino IRCCS, Milano.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parolari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alamanni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antona
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanghellini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerometta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cavoretto
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biglioli
mesh_terms: D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000276:immunology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D006728:Hormones / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D006728:Hormones
vernacular_title: Chirurgia cardiaca, bypass cardiopolmonare e risposta infiammatoria dell'organismo. Parte II: alterazioni dei leucociti, dei derivati dell'acido arachidonico e degli ormoni.