title: Historical notes on restraint reduction: the legacy of Dr. Philippe Pinel.
authors.affiliation: Jewish Home and Hospital for Aged-Bronx Division, NY 10468, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D001154:Art / Q000266:history; D032763:Behavior Control; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000266:history; D006801:Humans; D028642:Persons with Psychiatric Disorders; D010297:Paris; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000266:history*; D012149:Restraint, Physical