title: Therapeutic aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of aerosol drug delivery during mechanical ventilation in the pediatric and adult populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published articles and abstracts identified in a MEDLINE search (1984-July 1994) were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  All articles and abstracts found, including review articles, in vivo and in vitro studies, case reports, and case series pertaining to issues involving aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation, were reviewed. No predetermined selection criteria were used to exclude studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percent delivery of the starting dose to either the patients or the various in vitro lung models, as well as each variable possibly affecting delivery for each study, were tabulated for each study reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The delivery of therapeutic aerosols to endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated patients presents a unique challenge for healthcare providers. Delivery can be affected by the diameter of the endotracheal tube and ventilator circuitry, type of ventilator, ventilator modes, type of delivery device, and how the delivery device is operated and introduced into the ventilator circuitry. The drug being aerosolized may behave differently from one delivery system to another. The proper operation of each device requires attention to positioning in the ventilator circuit as well as the mode of ventilation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No apparent advantage exists for metered-dose inhalers with a large-volume adapter over jet nebulizers, as each method of delivery is capable of similar efficiency (5-15%). Sufficient attention to detail, including the use of an efficient nebulizer and/or adapter and proper placement and operating method, is required to provide optimal delivery. For bronchodilator administration, careful monitoring of outcomes will provide the most optimal dosing schedule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque 87131, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: McWilliams
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations