title: Test procedures for verification of an electron pencil beam algorithm implemented for treatment planning.
abstract: The calculation of an electron dose distribution in a patient is a difficult problem because of the presence of tissue and surface inhomogeneities. Verification of the dose planning system is therefore essential. In this investigation, a novel method is used to evaluate a commercially available system (Helax-TMS), at electron energies between 10 and 50 MeV, both for a conventional treatment unit and an MLC-collimated scanned beam unit with a helium-filled treatment head. First, the experiments were designed to verify the local beam database and some fundamental characteristics of the electron beam calculations. Secondly, a number of generalised situations that would be encountered in the clinical treatment planning were evaluated oblique incidence, field shaping with multi-leaf collimator, bolus edges, and air cavities. Dose distributions in two generalised anatomical phantoms simulating a neck and a nose were also analysed. The results have, when so possible, been presented as the dose ratio within the 'flattened area' for dose profiles and down to the 'treatment depth' (80% dose level) for depth doses. In the penumbra region and in the dose fall-off region, the comparison has been represented by the distance deviation between calculated and measured dose profiles or depth doses. A new tool, 'volume integration', was used to evaluate the deviations from a more clinical point of view. Most results were within +/- 2% in dose for volumes larger than a sphere with a diameter of 15 mm, or +/- 2 mm in position. Dose deviations were generally found for oblique incidences and below heterogeneities such as small air cavities and bolus edges in limited volumes.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Physics Department, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blomquist
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004583:Electrons; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011874:Radiometry; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy