title: Human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 Rex inhibits pre-mRNA splicing in vitro at an early stage of spliceosome formation.
abstract: The Rex protein is an essential regulator of RNA expression in human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) that promotes the accumulation of full-length and partially spliced viral transcripts in the cytoplasm. Rex-mediated regulation correlates with specific binding to a cognate RNA recognition element which overlaps the 5' splice site in the viral long terminal repeat. It has been unclear whether Rex directly affects splicing or only nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport of viral mRNA. We demonstrate that HTLV-2 Rex is a potent inhibitor of splicing in vitro at an early step in spliceosome assembly. Inhibition requires phosphorylation of Rex and the ability of Rex to bind to the Rex response element. Direct inhibition of early spliceosome assembly by Rex may account for differential accumulation of unspliced transcripts and represents a novel mechanism of retroviral gene regulation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, California 90024-1678, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ruland
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D016370:Gene Products, rex / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015367:Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012326:RNA Splicing / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D017381:Spliceosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D016370:Gene Products, rex; D012322:RNA Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral