title: The efficacy of hyoscine hydrobromide in reducing side-effects induced during immersion in virtual reality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regan and Price (1994) investigated the frequency of occurrence and severity of side-effects of using an immersion virtual reality system in 150 subjects: 61% of the subjects reported symptoms of malaise at some point during a 20-min immersion and 10-min post-immersion period. This paper describes a double-blind placebo-controlled study that investigated whether 300 microgram of hyoscine/scopolamine hydrobromide administered to subjects prior to immersion in virtual reality was effective in reducing side-effects experienced during immersion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It was hypothesized that the hyoscine hydrobromide would cause a significant reduction in reported symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered 300 micrograms of hyoscine hydrobromide to 19 subjects, and 20 subjects were administered a placebo compound 40 min prior to a 20-min immersion in VR. Data on malaise were collected using a simulator sickness questionnaire and a malaise scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 2 x 2 Chi-square analysis comparing the numbers of subjects reporting no symptoms on the malaise scale with those reporting some symptoms in the placebo and hyoscine conditions showed the differences between the two groups to be statistically significant at the 0.01 level (Chi-square = 7.392 with 1 df, p = 0.007). This difference was clearly in the direction of fewer symptoms being reported in the hyoscine condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study showed that the hyoscine was effective in reducing symptoms that are commonly observed during immersion in virtual reality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, Defence Research Agency Centre for Human Sciences, Farnborough, Hants, UK.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ramsey
mesh_terms: D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004244:Dizziness / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D012601:Scopolamine