title: Effects of A1 adenosine receptor blockade by bamiphylline on ischaemic preconditioning during coronary angioplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of A1 adenosine receptors in preconditioning in humans is unknown. To establish whether bamiphylline, a selective antagonist of A1 adenosine receptors, abolishes ischaemic preconditioning in man, 36 consecutive patients undergoing single-vessel coronary angioplasty were randomized to receive intravenous infusion of bamiphylline (5 mg.kg-1) or placebo (0.9% NaCl) immediately prior to the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mean values (+/- 1 SD) of ST segment shifts on the surface and intracoronary electrocardiograms were measured at the end of the first and second balloon inflations, both 2 min long. The severity of cardiac pain was obtained at the same time using a visual analogue scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In bamiphylline-treated patients, the mean ST segment shift and the severity of cardiac pain during the second inflation were similar to those during the first inflation (14 +/- 15 vs 16 +/- 16 mm, ns and 31 +/- 28 vs 31 +/- 29, ns, respectively). Conversely, in placebo-treated patients both the mean ST segment shift and the severity of cardiac pain during the second inflation were significantly less than those during the first inflation (10 +/- 6 vs 17 +/- 7 mm, P < 0.001 and 25 +/- 21 vs 39 +/- 31 mm, P < 0.01, respectively). Thus, bamiphylline abolishes ischaemic preconditioning observed in man during repeated coronary balloon inflations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that, in this setting, ischaemic preconditioning is mediated, at least in part, by A1 adenosine receptors.
authors.affiliation: Servizio Speciale di Diagnosi e Cura di Emodinamica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, European Hospital, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomai
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaspardone
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Versaci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Paulis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Polisca
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiariello
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gioffrè
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D013806:Theophylline; C006683:bamifylline