title: Comparison of multivariate predictive power of major risk factors for coronary heart diseases in different countries: results from eight nations of the Seven Countries Study, 25-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was hypothesized that among eight national groups of men aged 40-59 years enrolled in the Seven Countries Study, the multivariate coefficients of major risk factors predicting coronary heart disease mortality over 25 years would be relatively similar.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen cohorts were located in eight nations and pooled, comprising one cohort in the USA, two in Finland, one in the Netherlands, three in Italy, two in Croatia (former Yugoslavia), three in Serbia (Yugoslavia), two in Greece and two in Japan, for a total of over 12000 subjects at entry. Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality was defined as fatal myocardial infarction or sudden coronary death, and proportional hazard models were solved, for each country, with age, serum cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure and cigarette consumption as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationships between risk factors and CHD mortality were statistically significant for all risk factors and for all countries, except for age in Croatia and Japan, cholesterol in Croatia and Japan, systolic blood pressure in Serbia and Greece, and cigarette-smoking in the Netherlands, Croatia, Serbia and Greece. When comparing all pairs of coefficients (28 comparisons for each factor) significant differences were found on four occasions for age, on six occasions for cholesterol, on no occasion for blood pressure and on four occasions for cigarette-smoking. Other tests suggested a substantial homogeneity among multivariate coefficients. Estimates for pooled coefficients were: age, in years, 0.0570 (95% confidence limits 0.0465 and 0.0673); relative risk for 5 years 1.33 (95% confidence limits 1.26 and 1.40); serum cholesterol level in mg/dl, 0.0057 (95% confidence limits 0.0045 and 0.0069); relative risk for 40 mg/dl 1.31 (95% confidence limits 1.20 and 1.31); systolic blood pressure in mmHg, 0.0160, (95% confidence limits 0.0134 and 0.0185), relative risk for 20 mmHg 1.38 (95% confidence limits 1.31 and 1.45); cigarettes per day, 0.0220 (95% confidence limits 0.0170 and 0.0272); relative risk for 10 cigarettes per day 1.25 (95% confidence limits 1.18 and 1.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Great similarities were found in the multivariate coefficients of major coronary risk factors to CHD risk derived from population samples varying in CHD frequency.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menotti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keys
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kromhout
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karvonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nissinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pekkanen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Punsar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fidanza
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giampaoli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seccareccia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buzina
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohacek
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nedeljkovic
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aravanis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dontas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toshima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol