title: Meconium stained amniotic fluid: antenatal, intrapartum and neonatal attributes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out the incidence, outcome as well as antenatal, intrapartum and neonatal attributes of meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal Unit of Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  1426 live births occurring in 1500 consecutive deliveries, over one year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all babies born through MSAF, thorough oropharyngeal suction as soon as the head was delivered followed by immediate intratracheal intubation and suctioning in infants depressed at birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  204 (14.3%) deliveries had MSAF of which thick meconium was present in 141. Hepatitis in mother, fetal distress during labor and intrauterine growth retardation were significant factors associated with MSAF. One fifth of babies born through MSAF suffered severe birth anoxia compared to 5.6% in non-MSAF group. The consistency of meconium had direct bearing on the neonatal outcome. Severe birth asphyxia (SBA) occurred in 27.0 and 6.3% of babies with thick and thin meconium staining, respectively. Meconium aspiration syndrome was observed in 9 babies of thick meconium group and 8 of these were depressed at birth. All deaths occurred in thick meconium group and were associated with SBA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective approach can be adopted for babies with MSAF reserving intratracheal suctioning at birth for depressed neonate or evidence of fetal distress in utero. Rest of the neonates only need careful observation after thorough oronasopharyngeal suctioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D005260:Female; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008470:Meconium; D008471:Meconium Aspiration Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate