title: Insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response, and glucose effectiveness in a population-based sample of 380 young healthy Caucasians. Analysis of the impact of gender, body fat, physical fitness, and life-style factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are traits that are both genetically and environmentally determined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of the insulin sensitivity index (Si), the acute insulin response, and glucose effectiveness (Sg) in young healthy Caucasians and to estimate the relative impact of anthropometric and environmental determinants on these variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  The material included 380 unrelated Caucasian subjects (18-32 yr) with measurement of Si, Sg and insulin secretion during a combined intravenous glucose (0.3 grams/kg body weight) and tolbutamide (3 mg/kg body weight) tolerance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distributions of Si and acute insulin response were skewed to the right, whereas the distribution of Sg was Gaussian distributed. Sg was 15% higher in women compared with men (P < 0.001). Waist circumference, body mass index, maximal aerobic capacity, and women's use of oral contraceptives were the most important determinants of Si. Approximately one-third of the variation of Si could be explained by these factors. Compared with individuals in the upper four-fifths of the distribution of Si, subjects with Si in the lowest fifth had higher waist circumference, higher blood pressure, lower VO2max, and lower glucose tolerance and fasting dyslipidemia and dysfibrinolysis. Only 10% of the variation in acute insulin response could be explained by measured determinants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estimates of body fat, maximal aerobic capacity, and women's use of oral contraceptives explain about one-third of the variation in Si in a population-based sample of young healthy Caucasians.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department C, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borch-Johnsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ibsen
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hougaard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winther
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003710:Demography; D003718:Denmark; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology; D015981:Epidemiologic Factors; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose