title: The lungs in rheumatoid arthritis--a clinical, radiographic and pulmonary function study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and spectrum of pulmonary abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a developing country.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective hospital-based survey of a randomly selected group of patients with RA who were seen in a rheumatic diseases unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groote Schuur Hospital and Princess Alice Orthopaedic Hospital, Cape Town.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 104 patients with RA were randomly selected from a total of 330 patients with RA who were seen in the rheumatic diseases unit. All the patients were interviewed and a clinical assessment, chest radiographs and pulmonary function tests were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six patients (53.8%) had evidence of one or more current or previous pulmonary diseases: rheumatoid nodule in 1 (1%), bronchiectasis in 2 (1.9%), fibrosing alveolitis in 5 (4.8%), pneumonia in 5 (4.8%), asthma in 9 (8.7%), pleural disease in 17 (16.3%) and tuberculosis in 25 (24%). Excluding patients who were smokers or ex-smokers or who had coexistent pulmonary disease, there were 20 patients (19.2%) who had pulmonary abnormalities that could be attributed to RA: rheumatoid nodule in 1 (1%), fibrosing alveolitis in 5 (4.8%) (1 of whom also had pleural disease), pleural disease alone in 8 (7.7%), diffusion defect in 5 (4.8%) and airways obstruction in 1 (1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides clinical and lung function criteria that allow a clinically useful stratification of abnormalities in relation to a spectrum of common causes of pulmonary dysfunction that need to be distinguished from pulmonary abnormalities caused by RA. Pulmonary abnormalities are common and about 20% of RA patients may have an abnormality related to RA.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mody
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Benatar
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Meyers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013019:South Africa; D013147:Spirometry