title: [Pneumococcal meningitis in children: should probabilistic antibiotherapy of infectious meningitis be modified?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since a significant proportion of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains is now resistant to penicillin and sometimes to third-generation cephalosporin, it is necessary to reevaluate the initial therapy of bacterial meningitis proposed before identification of the organism and its susceptibility pattern.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1 January 1992 to 31 March 1994, nine children with acute S pneumoniae meningitis were treated with ceftriaxone plus aminoglycoside as conventional initial therapy. Eight children were less than 1 year-old (five from 3 to 6 months). Five S pneumoniae strains were penicillin-resistant; four had a ceftriaxone minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.047 to 0.094 mg/L and one of 1.5 mg/L. Ceftriaxone was given intravenously at doses of 50 mg/kg twice a day to patients less than 12 months old and 100 mg/kg once a day to patients older than 12 months. Intravenous amikacin (7.5 mg/kg twice daily) or netilmicin (3 mg/kg twice daily) were administered in combination. Dexomethasone was given to all children as adjunctive therapy. Follow-up lumbar puncture was performed after 24 to 36 hours of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each of the nine patients, cerebrospinal fluid was sterile with normal glucose level. After 2 or 4 days, initial therapy had been modified according to antibiogram and MIC. Monotherapy with ceftriaxone was continued in five children. Rifampicin was associated with initial bitherapy in one case. In two other patients, initial empiric therapy was stopped and changed to chloramphenicol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No case of bacteriological failure was noted in our patients but evolution of epidemiology and emergence of decreased penicillin sensibility in S pneumoniae strains (55% in our study) suggests that a third antibiotic (vancocin or rifampicin) should be associated with the standard first-line drug when S pneumoniae is suspected.
authors.affiliation: Service de pédiatrie générale, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Masne
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lacaille
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pron
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labenne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silly
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chéron
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000583:Amikacin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009428:Netilmicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D005839:Gentamicins; D009428:Netilmicin; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D000583:Amikacin
vernacular_title: Méningites à pneumocoque de l'enfant: faut-il modifier l'antibiothérapie probabiliste des méningites communautaires?