title: Lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor stimulate lung microvascular arginine uptake, a response attenuated by dexamethasone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, (TNF), and glucocorticoids can modulate endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production. L-Arginine is the exclusive precursor for NO biosynthesis, suggesting that NO generation and arginine transport are intimately linked.
  
  
  METHODS
  To further study this relationship, we examined the effects of LPS, TNF, and dexamethasone (DEX) on arginine uptake by rat lung microvascular endothelial cells. The transport of radiolabeled arginine was assayed in confluent cells grown in 24-well plates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bulk (> 90%) of arginine transport was mediated by the Na(+)-independent carriers System y+ and System b0,+. Arginine transport was stimulated independently by LPS and TNF, a response first observed at 10 hours. Together, both agents exerted an additive effect on carrier-mediated uptake. The LPS- and TNF-induced increase in arginine transport activity was blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin D, indicating the requirement for RNA and protein synthesis. The enhancement in transport activity was primarily due to an increase in Systems y+ maximal transport capacity (Vmax) with no change in transporter affinity and little change in System b0,+ activity. Treatment of cells with dexamethasone inhibited arginine transport activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner, an event that was abrogated by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide. The combination of DEX and LPS and TNF abrogated each other's antagonistic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that LPS and TNF additively stimulate arginine transport in lung microvascular endothelial cells via a pathway that requires de novo protein synthesis (possibly of the transporter protein itself) and that this response is attenuated by DEX.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wasa
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Souba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000378:metabolism; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003609:Dactinomycin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D001120:Arginine; D003513:Cycloheximide