title: Growth of human immunodeficiency type 1-infected and uninfected children: a prospective cohort study in Kigali, Rwanda, 1988 to 1993.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the anthropometric characteristics of children with and without HIV-1 infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective cohort study of 218 children born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers and 218 children born to HIV-1 seronegative mothers in Kigali, Rwanda, 3 groups were compared: infected children (n = 46); uninfected children born to seropositive mothers (n = 140); and uninfected children born to seronegative mothers (n = 207). Weight, height and head circumference were measured at birth, every 3 months during the first year of life and every 6 months thereafter. The weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height and head circumference-for-age mean z scores were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weight-for-age, height-for-age and head circumference-for-age mean z scores were lower among HIV-infected children than among uninfected ones at each time period. The reduction in the weight-for-age mean z score was the greatest between 12 and 36 months. The reduction in the height-for-age mean z score of HIV-infected children was persistently below 2 SD after 9 months of age. On the other hand the weight-for-height mean z score was not consistently lower in HIV-infected children when compared with uninfected ones. The anthropometric characteristics of uninfected children born to seropositive mothers were similar to those of children born to seronegative mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study HIV-infected children were more frequently stunted (low height-for-age) than uninfected ones. Wasting (low weight-for-height) was not common among HIV-infected children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier de Kigali, Rwanda.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lepage
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Msellati
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hitimana
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazubagira
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Goethem
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karita
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dequae-Merchadou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van de Perre
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dabis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D015497:HIV-1; D006257:Head / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000821:virology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012432:Rwanda
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies