title: A randomized controlled trial of endoscopic variceal band ligation for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL) for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in patients with high-risk varices.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital based.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight patients with portal hypertension with high-risk varices were randomized to undergo either EVL (n = 35) or no treatment (n = 33).
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic variceal band ligation or no therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Probability of first variceal bleeding, probability of survival, variceal obliteration, complications of EVL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oesophageal varices could be obliterated by EVL in 3.2 +/- 1.2 sessions within 4.9 +/- 2.2 weeks. Three (8.6%) patients in the EVL group and 13 (39.4%) in the control group bled during a mean follow-up of 14.1 +/- 5.0 months (range 2-22) (P < 0.01). The cumulative probability of the patients remaining free of bleeding was higher (P < 0.01) in the EVL group than the control. Variceal recurrence was seen in 10 (28.6%) patients and was managed by repeated EVL. None of the patients developed oesophageal stricture. Four (11.4%) patients in the EVL and eight (24.2%) in the control group died (P = NS). Bleed-related mortality was lower in the EVL than the control group (2.9% vs. 15.2%, P = 0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EVL significantly decreases the frequency of first variceal bleed. It should be evaluated further to see if bleeding-related mortality could be reduced in cirrhotics with high-risk varices who have not bled.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarin
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Guptan
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sundaram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors