title: Regulation of Msx-1, Msx-2, Bmp-2 and Bmp-4 during foetal and postnatal mammary gland development.
abstract: Expression of the Msx-1 and Msx-2 homeobox genes have been shown to be coordinately regulated with the Bmp-2 and Bmp-4 ligands in a variety of developing tissues. Here we report that transcripts from all four genes are developmentally regulated during both foetal and postnatal mammary gland development. The location and time-course of the Bmp and Msx expression point to a role for Msx and Bmp gene products in the control of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Expression of Msx-2, but not Msx-1, Bmp-2 or Bmp-4 was decreased following ovariectomy, while expression of the human Msx-2 homologue was regulated by 17beta-oestradiol in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The regulation of Msx-2 expression by oestrogen raises the possibility that hormonal regulation of mammary development is mediated through the control of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Phippard
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weber-Hall
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Naylor
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jayatalake
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roberts-Clark
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Francis-West
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maxson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Dale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009024:Morphogenesis; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; C084119:MSX2 protein; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004958:Estradiol