title: [Transthoracic and transesophageal echo Doppler in the detection of mitral prosthesis dysfunction due to insufficiency].
abstract: Severe mitral regurgitation is accompanied by increment of left atrial pressure. The objective of this work was to compare Doppler parameters related to transvalvular peak-pressure gradient in patients with normally functioning and patients with malfunctioning mitral prosthetic valve, secondary to insufficiency, in order to analyze if the presence of high protodiastolic pressure gradient and normal prosthetic valve area could correlate with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Fourty-two patients were studied. Group I: twenty-two normally functioning prosthesis (15 mechanical, 7 biological). Group II: twenty malfunctioning mitral prosthetic valves secondary to severe insufficiency (11 mechanical and 9 biological), 12 patients with acute MR and 8 with chronic MR. All of the patients were evaluated though transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) Doppler-echocardiography. Diastolic peak velocity prosthetic flow (DVP), protodiastolic gradient (PDG), mean gradient (MG) and prosthetic area (PA) by pressure halftime (PHT) were measured. DVP in Group I was 1.56 +/- 0.29 m/s and 2.49 +/- 0.30 m/s in Group II (p = 0.001). PGD measured 10.36 +/- 3.79 mmHg in Group I and 15.95 +/- 7.48 mmHg in Group II (p = 0.001). MG 4.86 +/- 1.90 mmHg in Group I and 10.38 +/- 4.8 mmHg in Group II (p = 0.001). PA was 2.01 +/- 0.54 cm2 in Group I and 2.10 +/- 0.43 cm2 in Group II (NS). PHT was 115.59 +/- 31.99 mseg in Group I and 108.3 +/- 19.1 mseg in Group II (NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with high PDG (greater than 20 mmHg) and normal prosthetic mitral area assessed by TTE could be suspicious of malfunctioning prosthesis secondary to severe insufficiency. Due to the higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of malfunctioning mitral prosthesis and the ability to determine the magnitude and severity of prosthetic regurgitation assessment should be completed with TTE.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ecocardiografía, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, DF.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romero Cárdenas
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Valdez Tiburcio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez Fajardo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamarche Mondragón
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Espinola Zavaleta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rijlaarsdam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vargas Barrón
mesh_terms: D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
vernacular_title: Eco Doppler transtorácico y transesofágico en la detección de disfunción de prótesis mitral por insuficiencia.