title: Reliability and reporting biases for perceived parental history of alcohol-related problems: agreement between twins and differences between discordant pairs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous research suggests that family history of alcoholism assessments may be biased by characteristics of the informant. In this report, the reliability and potential biases in offspring reports of paternal and maternal alcohol-related problems were examined in a large community sample of adult twins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were volunteer participants in the Australian NH&MRC twin registry. Agreement between twin pairs on reports of paternal and maternal alcohol problems was assessed in 2,657 twin pairs (1,444 female-female pairs, 626 male-male pairs, and 587 female-male pairs). In addition, to detect systematic reporting biases, like-sex twin pairs whose paternal alcohol problems reports disagreed (n = 164) were contrasted on measures of personality, state anxiety and depression, parental rearing, alcoholism, and alcohol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twin agreement for parental alcohol-related problems was good, with overall kappas of .66 for paternal and .58 for maternal alcohol problems. When discordant twin pairs were compared, we found that women who reported that their father had alcohol problems were significantly lower on EPQ-R Social Conformity than their twin sister who denied paternal alcohol problems: and there was a trend for men who reported that their father had alcohol problems to be higher in negative perceived parenting from father than their twin brother who denied paternal alcohol problems. Twins discordant for reporting paternal alcohol problems did not, however, differ on the major dimensions of personality, state anxiety and depression, alcoholism, or current alcohol use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study bolster our confidence in using the family history method to examine characteristics of offspring of alcoholics versus offspring of nonalcoholics on self-reported measures of personality and psychopathology, but suggest that some caution should be exercised when using this method to examine differences in offspring-reported perceptions of parental rearing practices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Slutske
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bucholz
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Dinwiddie
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Statham
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results