title: Digital stress-echocardiography using a public domain program for the Macintosh personal computer.
abstract: Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities secondary to stress-induced myocardial ischemia can be detected with difficulty by mentally comparing echocardiographic images sequentially recorded on videotape. Digital stress-echocardiography, a combination of ultrasound imaging and digital archiving technologies, at least partially can overcome this problem: the technique is based on reviewing images at rest and after stress (exercise or pharmacological) side by side in dual- or quad-screen digital format, in a synchronized cine-loop, as if obtained simultaneously. This technique however is presently not widely used, due to the high cost of most commercially available systems. We have developed a digital stress-echo system, which is easy to use and relatively inexpensive, running on a Macintosh II personal computer with 8-bit graphics. The 2-D echocardiographic images recorded on videotape are digitized offline using a video digitizing board. The image can be displayed and analyzed using the public domain NIH image software developed by Wayne Rasband, without loss in image quality and resolution, particularly if using Super-VHS videotape. We have made a macro procedure for the montage in a quad-screen format of four digital recorded echocardiographic cardiac cycles of six frames that takes only a little more time than commercially available systems. In conclusion, the use of a personal computer and low-cost software may help to make digital stress-echo techniques more widely feasible in the clinical setting and increase the diagnostic power of the ultrasound technique in the evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Cardiologia, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albiero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Variola
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dander
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buonanno
mesh_terms: D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008838:Microcomputers; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software