title: Adaptation motor learning of arm movements in patients with cerebellar disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design a test of motor learning using arm movements in normal subjects and patients with cerebellar disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elbow angle was continuously displayed as a cursor (a dot) on a computer screen, and subjects made ballistic elbow flexion and extension movements to try to move the cursor between two targets on the screen. The relation between the arm movement and its visual feedback was changed, and the subjects reacted by adapting the amplitude of their movements in subsequent trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The consecutive errors showed exponential learning curves during adaptation, which were quantified by their steepness. Ten patients with isolated cerebellar or olivopontocerebellar degeneration had less steep learning curves than normal subjects, indicating a failure of adaptation motor learning in cerebellar disease. The results show that this test may be useful for the analysis of motor learning.
authors.affiliation: Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deuschl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zeffiro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Massaquoi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallett
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*