title: Kupffer cell depletion by gadolinium chloride enhances liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats.
abstract: Although previous work suggests that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) promotes liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH), the source of TNF is unknown. If Kupffer cells release TNF after PH, then Kupffer cell depletion by gadolinium chloride (GdCl) should inhibit liver regeneration. To test this hypothesis, cytokine expression and regenerative events were compared in GdCl-treated and control rats. Functional assays and Northern blot analysis of a Kupffer cell-specific mRNA confirmed that GdCl depleted Kupffer cells. Despite this, semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of total hepatic RNA showed six- to eightfold higher levels of TNF transcripts in GdCl-treated rats. In this group, PH caused 12-to 16-fold greater induction of interleukin-6, a TNF-inducible cytokine, and two- to threefold greater induction of several cytokine-regulated genes (c-jun, C/EBP-beta, and C/EBP-delta). GdCl also amplified regeneration-associated increases in the DNA binding activity of AP-1, a growth regulatory transcription factor. Furthermore, hepatic incorporation of [3H]thymidine, expression of the S-phase antigen, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and the hepatocyte mitotic index were each significantly greater in GdCl-treated rats. Thus, although GdCl causes Kupffer cell depletion, it does not decrease liver TNF and actually enhances liver regeneration after PH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2195, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McClain
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Diehl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000235:genetics; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005682:Gadolinium; C038958:gadolinium chloride