Toxohormones responsible for cancer cachexia syndrome in nude mice bearing human cancer cell lines.
Toxohormones are tumor-derived factors that induce cancer cachexia syndrome in tumor-bearing animals. Nude mice bearing tumors induced by eight human cancer cell lines with this activity were studied for cytokine production and expression of a newly identified gene, ob, which has the ability to control body weight. A melanoma cell line, SEKI, and a neuroepithelioma cell line, NAGAI, produced a large amount of the cytokine, leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF). A uterine carcinoma cell line, Yumoto, produced a large amount of interleukin 6 (IL-6), and an oral cavity carcinoma cell line, OCC-1C, concomitantly produced LIF, IL-6, and IL-11. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction studies revealed that ob gene mRNA was not expressed in any of these cell lines, suggesting that the gene does not have a role as a tumor product responsible for cancer cachexia in this model. These findings suggest that in four of eight animal models in which cancer cachexia syndrome developed, LIF, IL-6, or possibly IL-11 produced by cancer cells may be toxohormones, but in the remaining four cancer cell lines the mechanism responsible for cachexia syndrome remains unknown.
Kajimura
N
N
Growth Factor Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
Iseki
H
H
Tanaka
R
R
Ohue
C
C
Otsubo
K
K
Gyoutoku
M
M
Sasaki
K
K
Akiyama
Y
Y
Yamaguchi
K
K
D000818:Animals; D002100:Cachexia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism
D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase