title: Final outcome results of the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS). A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the rate of progression of mean maximum intimal-medial thickness (IMT) in carotid arteries, using quantitative B-mode ultrasound imaging, during antihypertensive therapy with isradipine vs hydrochlorothiazide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, positive-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine medical center clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 883 patients with baseline mean +/- SD systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) of 149.7 +/- 16.6 and 96.5 +/- 5.1 mm Hg, age of 58.5 +/- 8.5 years, and maximum IMT of 1.17 +/- 0.20 mm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twice daily doses of isradipine (2.5-5.0 mg) or hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25 mg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE (PRIMARY END POINT): Rate of progression of mean maximum IMT in 12 carotid focal points over 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the rate of progression of mean maximum IMT between isradipine and hydrochlorothiazide over 3 years (P=.68). There was a higher incidence of major vascular events (eg, myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, angina, and sudden death) in isradipine (n=25; 5.65%) vs hydrochlorothiazide (n=14; 3.17%) (P=.07), and a significant increase in nonmajor vascular events and procedures (eg, transient ischemic attack, dysrhythmia, aortic valve replacement, and femoral popliteal bypass graft) in isradipine (n=40; 9.05%) vs hydrochlorothiazide (n=23; 5.22%) (P=.02). At 6 months, mean DBP decreased by 13.0 mm Hg in both groups, and mean SBP decreased by 19.5 mm Hg in hydrochlorothiazide and 16.0 mm Hg in isradipine (P=.002); the difference in SBP between the 2 groups persisted throughout the study but did not explain the increased incidence of vascular events in patients treated with isradipine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of progression of mean maximum IMT in carotid arteries, the surrogate end point in this study, did not differ between the 2 treatment groups. The increased incidence of vascular events in patients receiving isradipine compared with hydrochlorothiazide is of concern and should be studied further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, USA.
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Borhani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mercuri
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borhani
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Buckalew
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canossa-Terris
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kappagoda
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Schnaper
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sowers
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003971:Diastole; D018450:Disease Progression; D004232:Diuretics; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017275:Isradipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013599:Systole; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D004656:Enalapril; D017275:Isradipine