title: Ultra-specific immunoassays for small molecules: roles of wash steps and multiple binding formats.
abstract: New immunometric forms of immunoassay are much more flexible to use than competitive-format immunoassays for small molecular analytes. An example of the utility of this flexibility is the ability to wash the capture antibody after it has been exposed to analyte but before addition of the labeled reagent. This simple maneuver has a large impact on the specificity obtained from already highly specific assays. We also show that specificity can be further increased by means of our multiple binding assay approach, in which the final reading reflects analyte binding to two different primary capture monoclonal antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Victoria Infirmary and Associated Hospitals, NHS Trust, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Self
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dessi
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Winger
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004073:Digitoxigenin / Q000032:analysis; D004074:Digitoxin / Q000032:analysis; D004076:Digoxigenin / Q000032:analysis; D004077:Digoxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013327:Strophanthidin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004073:Digitoxigenin; D013327:Strophanthidin; D004077:Digoxin; D004074:Digitoxin; C004681:acetylstrophanthidin; D004076:Digoxigenin; C005003:gitoxin