title: Pain and pain relief experienced by hospice patients with cancer.
abstract: The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore the pain intensity and pain relief experienced by hospice patients with cancer and the variables that might be associated with that pain. The sample consisted of 118 consenting patients and their primary caregivers receiving hospice care in their homes. Methods involved a secondary analysis of data from a study of quality of life. The Hospice Quality of Life Index (HQLI), used in the study, assesses multidimensional aspects of quality of life including pain relief. Each item is assessed on a 1 (worst) to 10 (best) scale. To eliminate pain-free patients from the analysis, an additional item asks how severe pain is when it is at its worst. Both patients and caregivers were asked to evaluate the patient's quality of life on admission and after 3 weeks of hospice care. Relationships were sought among items on the HQLI and between pain and demographic characteristics. Results revealed that most patients experience pain (82%) but that caregivers were not able to accurately estimate that pain. Pain relief, even after 3 weeks of hospice care, was less than optimal, with many patients (42%) reporting pain relief at a level of 5 or less. A significant difference in pain at its worst was found by type of cancer. Although there were differences by gender, these were not significant. Pain was found to be weakly related to enjoyable activity, sleeping, fatigue, physical care, hope, and anger. Results support the idea that pain is important to overall quality of life, but despite its importance, pain in hospice patients with cancer still is not well managed.
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, College of Nursing, Tampa 33612, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: McMillan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires