title: One hundred consecutive laparoscopic cholangiograms. Results and conclusions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 100 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the feasibility, reliability, and cost of routine laparoscopic cholangiography were prospectively studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluoroscopic cholangiograms with multiple exposures were successfully completed in all patients in an average time of 6.9 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one percent were abnormal, and 15 common duct stones and 6 significant anatomic anomalies detected. Thirteen out of 15 patients with common duct stones had preoperative suspicion of common duct stones. Two out of 15 were completely unsuspected. The average cost of cholangiography was $768, and there were no complications related to the procedure. There were no false interpretations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When compared with selective preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), routine laparoscopic cholangiography is safer, more accurate, and less costly, and may have the added benefit of potentially reducing iatrogenic injuries in patients with anatomic variations. Routine laparoscopic cholangiography should be considered by all surgeons.
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gleischman
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D042882:Gallstones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies