title: Inhibitory effects of acid water prepared by an electrolysis apparatus on early plaque formation on specimens of dentine.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of acid water prepared by an electrolysis apparatus with placebo treatment on the ultrastructure of early plaque formed on dentine specimens attached to retainers in the oral cavity. Dentine specimens were taken from 12 healthy extracted human 3rd molars. 4 dentine specimens were placed in the both the right and left buccal flanges of retainers fabricated from self-setting acrylic resin. The retainers were placed on both maxillary buccal sites in 6 subjects. The test solution was acid water (AW) prepared by an electrolysis apparatus with a pH of 2.7 and an oxidation-reduction potential of more than 1100 mV. As a positive control, 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) solution was used and normal saline solution as a negative control. 4 specimens placed in the right and left retainers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments as follows: treatment A, washing with AW; treatment B, washing with CHX solution; treatment C, washing with normal saline; treatment D, no washing. Washing was carried out in a plastic beaker containing 30 ml of each solution for 30s 2X daily over a 7-day period. The specimens were then carefully removed from the retainers, the morphology and thickness of the plaque formed examined by SEM, and the developmental condition of the plaque analyzed statistically. The plaque on the specimens in treatments A and B consisted mainly of coccoid forms. Mature plaque formation with complex flora was seen on the specimens in treatments C and D. The mean thickness of the plaque deposits on the dentin specimens as measured on SEM photographs magnified 2000 times was 8.80 mm for treatment. A, while in treatment B it was 3.90 mm. Plaque thickness for treatment C was 24.97 mm, and for treatment D 25.67 mm. The thickness of plaque formed on the sectioned specimens was significantly less for treatments A and B than for treatments C and D. However, there was no statistically significant difference between treatments A and B, and between treatments C and D (p < 0.0001). The results of this short-term study indicate that AW washing has almost the same potential for inhibition of plaque formation as CHX washing, and is more effective for inhibiting plaque formation than washing with sterile saline. It is therefore concluded that AW may be useful as an anti-plaque agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murai
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids; D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004572:Electrolysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010919:Placebos; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D016877:Oxidants; D010919:Placebos; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine